[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163897},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method":3,"nav-reference":2086},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2079,"extension":2080,"meta":2081,"navigation":682,"path":2082,"seo":2083,"stem":2084,"__hash__":2085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2051},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,170,176,183,188,191,201,204,221,224,328,331,391,399,403,406,427,432,443,446,475,478,480,541,543,564,571,576,579,590,592,711,713,766,769,781,788,794,799,802,903,905,950,953,961,964,967,1039,1042,1045,1049,1052,1127,1129,1183,1186,1189,1192,1207,1210,1222,1225,1290,1294,1301,1304,1307,1389,1391,1434,1437,1502,1504,1541,1548,1554,1559,1573,1576,1706,1708,1793,1800,1804,1809,1834,1837,1926,1929,1948,1955,1959,1967,1972,1978,1981,1988,1991,1998,2004,2011,2017,2021,2047],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-update-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"update()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The ",[15,24,17],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,27,28],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n","python","",[15,42,43,100,148,163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,68,70,73,76,79,81,84,86,89,91,93,97],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","person ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," {",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"sjJ54","\"",[44,65,67],{"class":66},"s_sjI","name",[44,69,63],{"class":62},[44,71,72],{"class":58},":",[44,74,75],{"class":62}," \"",[44,77,78],{"class":66},"Ana",[44,80,63],{"class":62},[44,82,83],{"class":58},",",[44,85,75],{"class":62},[44,87,88],{"class":66},"age",[44,90,63],{"class":62},[44,92,72],{"class":58},[44,94,96],{"class":95},"srdBf"," 20",[44,98,99],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,101,103,106,109,113,116,118,120,122,124,127,129,131,134,136,138,140,143,145],{"class":46,"line":102},2,[44,104,105],{"class":50},"person",[44,107,108],{"class":58},".",[44,110,112],{"class":111},"slqww","update",[44,114,115],{"class":58},"({",[44,117,63],{"class":62},[44,119,88],{"class":66},[44,121,63],{"class":62},[44,123,72],{"class":58},[44,125,126],{"class":95}," 21",[44,128,83],{"class":58},[44,130,75],{"class":62},[44,132,133],{"class":66},"city",[44,135,63],{"class":62},[44,137,72],{"class":58},[44,139,75],{"class":62},[44,141,142],{"class":66},"Lima",[44,144,63],{"class":62},[44,146,147],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,149,151,155,158,160],{"class":46,"line":150},3,[44,152,154],{"class":153},"sptTA","print",[44,156,157],{"class":58},"(",[44,159,105],{"class":111},[44,161,162],{"class":58},")\n",[44,164,166],{"class":46,"line":165},4,[44,167,169],{"class":168},"sutJx","# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,171,172,173,175],{},"Use ",[15,174,17],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,177,179,180,182],{"id":178},"what-update-does","What ",[15,181,17],{}," does",[20,184,185,187],{},[15,186,17],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,189,190],{},"It can do two main things:",[192,193,194,198],"ul",{},[195,196,197],"li",{},"Add new key-value pairs",[195,199,200],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,202,203],{},"Important things to know:",[192,205,206,209,212,218],{},[195,207,208],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[195,210,211],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[195,213,214,215],{},"It returns ",[15,216,217],{},"None",[195,219,220],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,222,223],{},"Example:",[35,225,227],{"className":37,"code":226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,228,229,273,318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,230,231,234,236,238,240,242,244,246,248,251,253,255,257,260,262,264,266,269,271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,232,233],{"class":50},"student ",[44,235,55],{"class":54},[44,237,59],{"class":58},[44,239,63],{"class":62},[44,241,67],{"class":66},[44,243,63],{"class":62},[44,245,72],{"class":58},[44,247,75],{"class":62},[44,249,250],{"class":66},"Mira",[44,252,63],{"class":62},[44,254,83],{"class":58},[44,256,75],{"class":62},[44,258,259],{"class":66},"grade",[44,261,63],{"class":62},[44,263,72],{"class":58},[44,265,75],{"class":62},[44,267,268],{"class":66},"B",[44,270,63],{"class":62},[44,272,99],{"class":58},[44,274,275,278,280,282,284,286,288,290,292,294,297,299,301,303,305,307,309,311,314,316],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,276,277],{"class":50},"student",[44,279,108],{"class":58},[44,281,112],{"class":111},[44,283,115],{"class":58},[44,285,63],{"class":62},[44,287,259],{"class":66},[44,289,63],{"class":62},[44,291,72],{"class":58},[44,293,75],{"class":62},[44,295,296],{"class":66},"A",[44,298,63],{"class":62},[44,300,83],{"class":58},[44,302,75],{"class":62},[44,304,133],{"class":66},[44,306,63],{"class":62},[44,308,72],{"class":58},[44,310,75],{"class":62},[44,312,313],{"class":66},"Quito",[44,315,63],{"class":62},[44,317,147],{"class":58},[44,319,320,322,324,326],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,321,154],{"class":153},[44,323,157],{"class":58},[44,325,277],{"class":111},[44,327,162],{"class":58},[20,329,330],{},"Output:",[35,332,334],{"className":37,"code":333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,335,336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,337,338,341,344,346,348,350,353,355,357,359,361,363,365,367,369,371,373,375,377,379,381,383,385,387,389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,339,340],{"class":58},"{",[44,342,343],{"class":62},"'",[44,345,67],{"class":66},[44,347,343],{"class":62},[44,349,72],{"class":58},[44,351,352],{"class":62}," '",[44,354,250],{"class":66},[44,356,343],{"class":62},[44,358,83],{"class":58},[44,360,352],{"class":62},[44,362,259],{"class":66},[44,364,343],{"class":62},[44,366,72],{"class":58},[44,368,352],{"class":62},[44,370,296],{"class":66},[44,372,343],{"class":62},[44,374,83],{"class":58},[44,376,352],{"class":62},[44,378,133],{"class":66},[44,380,343],{"class":62},[44,382,72],{"class":58},[44,384,352],{"class":62},[44,386,313],{"class":66},[44,388,343],{"class":62},[44,390,99],{"class":58},[20,392,393,394,108],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[395,396,398],"a",{"href":397},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,400,402],{"id":401},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,404,405],{},"The basic form is:",[35,407,409],{"className":37,"code":408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,410,411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,412,413,416,418,420,422,425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,414,415],{"class":50},"dictionary",[44,417,108],{"class":58},[44,419,112],{"class":111},[44,421,157],{"class":58},[44,423,424],{"class":111},"other",[44,426,162],{"class":58},[20,428,429,431],{},[15,430,424],{}," can be:",[192,433,434,437,440],{},[195,435,436],{},"Another dictionary",[195,438,439],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[195,441,442],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,444,445],{},"You can also use:",[35,447,449],{"className":37,"code":448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,450,451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,452,453,455,457,459,461,464,466,468,471,473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,454,415],{"class":50},[44,456,108],{"class":58},[44,458,112],{"class":111},[44,460,157],{"class":58},[44,462,67],{"class":463},"s99_P",[44,465,55],{"class":54},[44,467,63],{"class":62},[44,469,470],{"class":66},"Sam",[44,472,63],{"class":62},[44,474,162],{"class":58},[20,476,477],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,479,223],{},[35,481,483],{"className":37,"code":482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,484,485,507,531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,486,487,490,492,494,496,498,500,502,505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,488,489],{"class":50},"data ",[44,491,55],{"class":54},[44,493,59],{"class":58},[44,495,63],{"class":62},[44,497,395],{"class":66},[44,499,63],{"class":62},[44,501,72],{"class":58},[44,503,504],{"class":95}," 1",[44,506,99],{"class":58},[44,508,509,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,529],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,510,511],{"class":50},"data",[44,513,108],{"class":58},[44,515,112],{"class":111},[44,517,115],{"class":58},[44,519,63],{"class":62},[44,521,395],{"class":66},[44,523,63],{"class":62},[44,525,72],{"class":58},[44,527,528],{"class":95}," 10",[44,530,147],{"class":58},[44,532,533,535,537,539],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,534,154],{"class":153},[44,536,157],{"class":58},[44,538,511],{"class":111},[44,540,162],{"class":58},[20,542,330],{},[35,544,546],{"className":37,"code":545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,547,548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,549,550,552,554,556,558,560,562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,551,340],{"class":58},[44,553,343],{"class":62},[44,555,395],{"class":66},[44,557,343],{"class":62},[44,559,72],{"class":58},[44,561,528],{"class":95},[44,563,99],{"class":58},[30,565,567,568,570],{"id":566},"using-update-with-another-dictionary","Using ",[15,569,17],{}," with another dictionary",[20,572,573,574,108],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,575,17],{},[20,577,578],{},"It is useful when:",[192,580,581,584,587],{},[195,582,583],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[195,585,586],{},"Adding extra settings",[195,588,589],{},"Updating stored data",[20,591,223],{},[35,593,595],{"className":37,"code":594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,596,597,638,678,684,700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,598,599,602,604,606,608,611,613,615,617,620,622,624,626,629,631,633,636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,600,601],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,603,55],{"class":54},[44,605,59],{"class":58},[44,607,63],{"class":62},[44,609,610],{"class":66},"theme",[44,612,63],{"class":62},[44,614,72],{"class":58},[44,616,75],{"class":62},[44,618,619],{"class":66},"light",[44,621,63],{"class":62},[44,623,83],{"class":58},[44,625,75],{"class":62},[44,627,628],{"class":66},"font_size",[44,630,63],{"class":62},[44,632,72],{"class":58},[44,634,635],{"class":95}," 12",[44,637,99],{"class":58},[44,639,640,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,658,660,662,665,667,669,671,674,676],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,641,642],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,644,55],{"class":54},[44,646,59],{"class":58},[44,648,63],{"class":62},[44,650,628],{"class":66},[44,652,63],{"class":62},[44,654,72],{"class":58},[44,656,657],{"class":95}," 14",[44,659,83],{"class":58},[44,661,75],{"class":62},[44,663,664],{"class":66},"language",[44,666,63],{"class":62},[44,668,72],{"class":58},[44,670,75],{"class":62},[44,672,673],{"class":66},"en",[44,675,63],{"class":62},[44,677,99],{"class":58},[44,679,680],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,681,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},true,"\n",[44,685,686,689,691,693,695,698],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,687,688],{"class":50},"settings",[44,690,108],{"class":58},[44,692,112],{"class":111},[44,694,157],{"class":58},[44,696,697],{"class":111},"new_settings",[44,699,162],{"class":58},[44,701,703,705,707,709],{"class":46,"line":702},5,[44,704,154],{"class":153},[44,706,157],{"class":58},[44,708,688],{"class":111},[44,710,162],{"class":58},[20,712,330],{},[35,714,716],{"className":37,"code":715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,717,718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,719,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,721,340],{"class":58},[44,723,343],{"class":62},[44,725,610],{"class":66},[44,727,343],{"class":62},[44,729,72],{"class":58},[44,731,352],{"class":62},[44,733,619],{"class":66},[44,735,343],{"class":62},[44,737,83],{"class":58},[44,739,352],{"class":62},[44,741,628],{"class":66},[44,743,343],{"class":62},[44,745,72],{"class":58},[44,747,657],{"class":95},[44,749,83],{"class":58},[44,751,352],{"class":62},[44,753,664],{"class":66},[44,755,343],{"class":62},[44,757,72],{"class":58},[44,759,352],{"class":62},[44,761,673],{"class":66},[44,763,343],{"class":62},[44,765,99],{"class":58},[20,767,768],{},"What happened here:",[192,770,771,776],{},[195,772,773,775],{},[15,774,628],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[195,777,778,780],{},[15,779,664],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,782,783,784,108],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[395,785,787],{"href":786},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,789,567,791,793],{"id":790},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,792,17],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,795,796,798],{},[15,797,17],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,800,801],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,803,805],{"className":37,"code":804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,806,807,830,873,877,893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,808,809,812,814,816,818,821,823,825,828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,810,811],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,813,55],{"class":54},[44,815,59],{"class":58},[44,817,63],{"class":62},[44,819,820],{"class":66},"math",[44,822,63],{"class":62},[44,824,72],{"class":58},[44,826,827],{"class":95}," 90",[44,829,99],{"class":58},[44,831,832,835,837,840,842,845,847,849,852,855,858,860,863,865,867,870],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,833,834],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,836,55],{"class":54},[44,838,839],{"class":58}," [(",[44,841,63],{"class":62},[44,843,844],{"class":66},"science",[44,846,63],{"class":62},[44,848,83],{"class":58},[44,850,851],{"class":95}," 85",[44,853,854],{"class":58},"),",[44,856,857],{"class":58}," (",[44,859,63],{"class":62},[44,861,862],{"class":66},"english",[44,864,63],{"class":62},[44,866,83],{"class":58},[44,868,869],{"class":95}," 88",[44,871,872],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,874,875],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,876,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,878,879,882,884,886,888,891],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,880,881],{"class":50},"scores",[44,883,108],{"class":58},[44,885,112],{"class":111},[44,887,157],{"class":58},[44,889,890],{"class":111},"pairs",[44,892,162],{"class":58},[44,894,895,897,899,901],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,896,154],{"class":153},[44,898,157],{"class":58},[44,900,881],{"class":111},[44,902,162],{"class":58},[20,904,330],{},[35,906,908],{"className":37,"code":907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,909,910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,911,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,913,340],{"class":58},[44,915,343],{"class":62},[44,917,820],{"class":66},[44,919,343],{"class":62},[44,921,72],{"class":58},[44,923,827],{"class":95},[44,925,83],{"class":58},[44,927,352],{"class":62},[44,929,844],{"class":66},[44,931,343],{"class":62},[44,933,72],{"class":58},[44,935,851],{"class":95},[44,937,83],{"class":58},[44,939,352],{"class":62},[44,941,862],{"class":66},[44,943,343],{"class":62},[44,945,72],{"class":58},[44,947,869],{"class":95},[44,949,99],{"class":58},[20,951,952],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[192,954,955,958],{},[195,956,957],{},"The key",[195,959,960],{},"The value",[20,962,963],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,965,966],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,968,970],{"className":37,"code":969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,971,972,992,1020,1024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,973,974,976,978,980,982,984,986,988,990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,975,489],{"class":50},[44,977,55],{"class":54},[44,979,59],{"class":58},[44,981,63],{"class":62},[44,983,395],{"class":66},[44,985,63],{"class":62},[44,987,72],{"class":58},[44,989,504],{"class":95},[44,991,99],{"class":58},[44,993,994,997,999,1001,1003,1006,1008,1010,1013,1015,1018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,995,996],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,998,55],{"class":54},[44,1000,839],{"class":58},[44,1002,63],{"class":62},[44,1004,1005],{"class":66},"b",[44,1007,63],{"class":62},[44,1009,83],{"class":58},[44,1011,1012],{"class":95}," 2",[44,1014,83],{"class":58},[44,1016,1017],{"class":95}," 3",[44,1019,872],{"class":58},[44,1021,1022],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1023,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,1025,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1037],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,1027,511],{"class":50},[44,1029,108],{"class":58},[44,1031,112],{"class":111},[44,1033,157],{"class":58},[44,1035,1036],{"class":111},"bad_pairs",[44,1038,162],{"class":58},[20,1040,1041],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,1043,1044],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,1046,1048],{"id":1047},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,1050,1051],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,1053,1055],{"className":37,"code":1054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,1056,1057,1083,1117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1058,1059,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1079,1081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1060,1061],{"class":50},"user ",[44,1063,55],{"class":54},[44,1065,59],{"class":58},[44,1067,63],{"class":62},[44,1069,67],{"class":66},[44,1071,63],{"class":62},[44,1073,72],{"class":58},[44,1075,75],{"class":62},[44,1077,1078],{"class":66},"Leo",[44,1080,63],{"class":62},[44,1082,99],{"class":58},[44,1084,1085,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1101,1103,1106,1108,1110,1113,1115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1086,1087],{"class":50},"user",[44,1089,108],{"class":58},[44,1091,112],{"class":111},[44,1093,157],{"class":58},[44,1095,88],{"class":463},[44,1097,55],{"class":54},[44,1099,1100],{"class":95},"25",[44,1102,83],{"class":58},[44,1104,1105],{"class":463}," city",[44,1107,55],{"class":54},[44,1109,63],{"class":62},[44,1111,1112],{"class":66},"Madrid",[44,1114,63],{"class":62},[44,1116,162],{"class":58},[44,1118,1119,1121,1123,1125],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1120,154],{"class":153},[44,1122,157],{"class":58},[44,1124,1087],{"class":111},[44,1126,162],{"class":58},[20,1128,330],{},[35,1130,1132],{"className":37,"code":1131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,1133,1134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1135,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1165,1167,1169,1171,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1137,340],{"class":58},[44,1139,343],{"class":62},[44,1141,67],{"class":66},[44,1143,343],{"class":62},[44,1145,72],{"class":58},[44,1147,352],{"class":62},[44,1149,1078],{"class":66},[44,1151,343],{"class":62},[44,1153,83],{"class":58},[44,1155,352],{"class":62},[44,1157,88],{"class":66},[44,1159,343],{"class":62},[44,1161,72],{"class":58},[44,1163,1164],{"class":95}," 25",[44,1166,83],{"class":58},[44,1168,352],{"class":62},[44,1170,133],{"class":66},[44,1172,343],{"class":62},[44,1174,72],{"class":58},[44,1176,352],{"class":62},[44,1178,1112],{"class":66},[44,1180,343],{"class":62},[44,1182,99],{"class":58},[20,1184,1185],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,1187,1188],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,1190,1191],{},"These work:",[192,1193,1194,1198,1202],{},[195,1195,1196],{},[15,1197,88],{},[195,1199,1200],{},[15,1201,133],{},[195,1203,1204],{},[15,1205,1206],{},"first_name",[20,1208,1209],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[192,1211,1212,1217],{},[195,1213,1214],{},[15,1215,1216],{},"\"first name\"",[195,1218,1219],{},[15,1220,1221],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,1223,1224],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,1226,1228],{"className":37,"code":1227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,1229,1230,1239,1280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1231,1232,1234,1236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1233,1061],{"class":50},[44,1235,55],{"class":54},[44,1237,1238],{"class":58}," {}\n",[44,1240,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1271,1273,1275,1278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1242,1087],{"class":50},[44,1244,108],{"class":58},[44,1246,112],{"class":111},[44,1248,115],{"class":58},[44,1250,63],{"class":62},[44,1252,1253],{"class":66},"first name",[44,1255,63],{"class":62},[44,1257,72],{"class":58},[44,1259,75],{"class":62},[44,1261,1078],{"class":66},[44,1263,63],{"class":62},[44,1265,83],{"class":58},[44,1267,75],{"class":62},[44,1269,1270],{"class":66},"user-id",[44,1272,63],{"class":62},[44,1274,72],{"class":58},[44,1276,1277],{"class":95}," 1001",[44,1279,147],{"class":58},[44,1281,1282,1284,1286,1288],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1283,154],{"class":153},[44,1285,157],{"class":58},[44,1287,1087],{"class":111},[44,1289,162],{"class":58},[30,1291,1293],{"id":1292},"return-value","Return value",[20,1295,1296,1298,1299,108],{},[15,1297,17],{}," returns ",[15,1300,217],{},[20,1302,1303],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,1305,1306],{},"Incorrect:",[35,1308,1310],{"className":37,"code":1309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,1311,1312,1336,1364,1368,1379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1313,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1315,51],{"class":50},[44,1317,55],{"class":54},[44,1319,59],{"class":58},[44,1321,63],{"class":62},[44,1323,67],{"class":66},[44,1325,63],{"class":62},[44,1327,72],{"class":58},[44,1329,75],{"class":62},[44,1331,78],{"class":66},[44,1333,63],{"class":62},[44,1335,99],{"class":58},[44,1337,1338,1341,1343,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1339,1340],{"class":50},"result ",[44,1342,55],{"class":54},[44,1344,1345],{"class":50}," person",[44,1347,108],{"class":58},[44,1349,112],{"class":111},[44,1351,115],{"class":58},[44,1353,63],{"class":62},[44,1355,88],{"class":66},[44,1357,63],{"class":62},[44,1359,72],{"class":58},[44,1361,96],{"class":95},[44,1363,147],{"class":58},[44,1365,1366],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1367,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,1369,1370,1372,1374,1377],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,1371,154],{"class":153},[44,1373,157],{"class":58},[44,1375,1376],{"class":111},"result",[44,1378,162],{"class":58},[44,1380,1381,1383,1385,1387],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,1382,154],{"class":153},[44,1384,157],{"class":58},[44,1386,105],{"class":111},[44,1388,162],{"class":58},[20,1390,330],{},[35,1392,1394],{"className":37,"code":1393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,1395,1396,1402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1397,1398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1399,1401],{"class":1400},"s39Yj","None\n",[44,1403,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1405,340],{"class":58},[44,1407,343],{"class":62},[44,1409,67],{"class":66},[44,1411,343],{"class":62},[44,1413,72],{"class":58},[44,1415,352],{"class":62},[44,1417,78],{"class":66},[44,1419,343],{"class":62},[44,1421,83],{"class":58},[44,1423,352],{"class":62},[44,1425,88],{"class":66},[44,1427,343],{"class":62},[44,1429,72],{"class":58},[44,1431,96],{"class":95},[44,1433,99],{"class":58},[20,1435,1436],{},"Correct:",[35,1438,1440],{"className":37,"code":1439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,1441,1442,1466,1488,1492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1443,1444,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1445,51],{"class":50},[44,1447,55],{"class":54},[44,1449,59],{"class":58},[44,1451,63],{"class":62},[44,1453,67],{"class":66},[44,1455,63],{"class":62},[44,1457,72],{"class":58},[44,1459,75],{"class":62},[44,1461,78],{"class":66},[44,1463,63],{"class":62},[44,1465,99],{"class":58},[44,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1469,105],{"class":50},[44,1471,108],{"class":58},[44,1473,112],{"class":111},[44,1475,115],{"class":58},[44,1477,63],{"class":62},[44,1479,88],{"class":66},[44,1481,63],{"class":62},[44,1483,72],{"class":58},[44,1485,96],{"class":95},[44,1487,147],{"class":58},[44,1489,1490],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1491,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,1493,1494,1496,1498,1500],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,1495,154],{"class":153},[44,1497,157],{"class":58},[44,1499,105],{"class":111},[44,1501,162],{"class":58},[20,1503,330],{},[35,1505,1507],{"className":37,"code":1506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,1508,1509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1510,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1512,340],{"class":58},[44,1514,343],{"class":62},[44,1516,67],{"class":66},[44,1518,343],{"class":62},[44,1520,72],{"class":58},[44,1522,352],{"class":62},[44,1524,78],{"class":66},[44,1526,343],{"class":62},[44,1528,83],{"class":58},[44,1530,352],{"class":62},[44,1532,88],{"class":66},[44,1534,343],{"class":62},[44,1536,72],{"class":58},[44,1538,96],{"class":95},[44,1540,99],{"class":58},[20,1542,1543,1544,108],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[395,1545,1547],{"href":1546},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,1549,1551,1552],{"id":1550},"when-to-use-update","When to use ",[15,1553,17],{},[20,1555,172,1556,1558],{},[15,1557,17],{}," when:",[192,1560,1561,1564,1567,1570],{},[195,1562,1563],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[195,1565,1566],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[195,1568,1569],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[195,1571,1572],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,1574,1575],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,1577,1579],{"className":37,"code":1578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,1580,1581,1618,1636,1640,1679,1683,1695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1582,1583,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1584,1585],{"class":50},"original ",[44,1587,55],{"class":54},[44,1589,59],{"class":58},[44,1591,63],{"class":62},[44,1593,67],{"class":66},[44,1595,63],{"class":62},[44,1597,72],{"class":58},[44,1599,75],{"class":62},[44,1601,78],{"class":66},[44,1603,63],{"class":62},[44,1605,83],{"class":58},[44,1607,75],{"class":62},[44,1609,88],{"class":66},[44,1611,63],{"class":62},[44,1613,72],{"class":58},[44,1615,96],{"class":95},[44,1617,99],{"class":58},[44,1619,1620,1623,1625,1628,1630,1633],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1621,1622],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,1624,55],{"class":54},[44,1626,1627],{"class":50}," original",[44,1629,108],{"class":58},[44,1631,1632],{"class":111},"copy",[44,1634,1635],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,1637,1638],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1639,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,1641,1642,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675,1677],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,1643,1644],{"class":50},"updated",[44,1646,108],{"class":58},[44,1648,112],{"class":111},[44,1650,115],{"class":58},[44,1652,63],{"class":62},[44,1654,88],{"class":66},[44,1656,63],{"class":62},[44,1658,72],{"class":58},[44,1660,126],{"class":95},[44,1662,83],{"class":58},[44,1664,75],{"class":62},[44,1666,133],{"class":66},[44,1668,63],{"class":62},[44,1670,72],{"class":58},[44,1672,75],{"class":62},[44,1674,142],{"class":66},[44,1676,63],{"class":62},[44,1678,147],{"class":58},[44,1680,1681],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,1682,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,1684,1686,1688,1690,1693],{"class":46,"line":1685},6,[44,1687,154],{"class":153},[44,1689,157],{"class":58},[44,1691,1692],{"class":111},"original",[44,1694,162],{"class":58},[44,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704],{"class":46,"line":1697},7,[44,1699,154],{"class":153},[44,1701,157],{"class":58},[44,1703,1644],{"class":111},[44,1705,162],{"class":58},[20,1707,330],{},[35,1709,1711],{"className":37,"code":1710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,1712,1713,1745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1714,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1716,340],{"class":58},[44,1718,343],{"class":62},[44,1720,67],{"class":66},[44,1722,343],{"class":62},[44,1724,72],{"class":58},[44,1726,352],{"class":62},[44,1728,78],{"class":66},[44,1730,343],{"class":62},[44,1732,83],{"class":58},[44,1734,352],{"class":62},[44,1736,88],{"class":66},[44,1738,343],{"class":62},[44,1740,72],{"class":58},[44,1742,96],{"class":95},[44,1744,99],{"class":58},[44,1746,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1748,340],{"class":58},[44,1750,343],{"class":62},[44,1752,67],{"class":66},[44,1754,343],{"class":62},[44,1756,72],{"class":58},[44,1758,352],{"class":62},[44,1760,78],{"class":66},[44,1762,343],{"class":62},[44,1764,83],{"class":58},[44,1766,352],{"class":62},[44,1768,88],{"class":66},[44,1770,343],{"class":62},[44,1772,72],{"class":58},[44,1774,126],{"class":95},[44,1776,83],{"class":58},[44,1778,352],{"class":62},[44,1780,133],{"class":66},[44,1782,343],{"class":62},[44,1784,72],{"class":58},[44,1786,352],{"class":62},[44,1788,142],{"class":66},[44,1790,343],{"class":62},[44,1792,99],{"class":58},[20,1794,1795,1796,108],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[395,1797,1799],{"href":1798},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[30,1801,1803],{"id":1802},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1805,1806,1807,72],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1808,17],{},[192,1810,1811,1819,1825,1828,1831],{},[195,1812,1813,1814,1816,1817],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,1815,17],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,1818,217],{},[195,1820,1821,1822,1824],{},"Expecting ",[15,1823,17],{}," to return a new dictionary",[195,1826,1827],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[195,1829,1830],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[195,1832,1833],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,1835,1836],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,1838,1840],{"className":37,"code":1839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,1841,1842,1853,1870,1885,1909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1843,1844,1846,1848,1851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1845,154],{"class":153},[44,1847,157],{"class":58},[44,1849,1850],{"class":111},"my_dict",[44,1852,162],{"class":58},[44,1854,1855,1857,1859,1863,1865,1867],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,1856,154],{"class":153},[44,1858,157],{"class":58},[44,1860,1862],{"class":1861},"sZMiF","type",[44,1864,157],{"class":58},[44,1866,511],{"class":111},[44,1868,1869],{"class":58},"))\n",[44,1871,1872,1874,1876,1879,1881,1883],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,1873,154],{"class":153},[44,1875,157],{"class":58},[44,1877,1878],{"class":1861},"list",[44,1880,157],{"class":58},[44,1882,511],{"class":111},[44,1884,1869],{"class":58},[44,1886,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1898,1900,1902,1905,1907],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,1888,154],{"class":153},[44,1890,157],{"class":58},[44,1892,1850],{"class":111},[44,1894,108],{"class":58},[44,1896,1897],{"class":111},"get",[44,1899,157],{"class":58},[44,1901,343],{"class":62},[44,1903,1904],{"class":66},"key",[44,1906,343],{"class":62},[44,1908,1869],{"class":58},[44,1910,1911,1914,1916,1919,1921,1924],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,1912,1913],{"class":153},"help",[44,1915,157],{"class":58},[44,1917,1918],{"class":1861},"dict",[44,1920,108],{"class":58},[44,1922,112],{"class":1923},"skxfh",[44,1925,162],{"class":58},[20,1927,1928],{},"These can help you check:",[192,1930,1931,1934,1939,1942,1945],{},[195,1932,1933],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[195,1935,1936,1937],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,1938,17],{},[195,1940,1941],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[195,1943,1944],{},"Whether a key exists",[195,1946,1947],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,1949,1950,1951,108],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[395,1952,1954],{"href":1953},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,1956,1958],{"id":1957},"faq","FAQ",[1960,1961,1963,1964,1966],"h3",{"id":1962},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary","Does ",[15,1965,17],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,1968,1969,1970,108],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,1971,217],{},[1960,1973,1963,1975,1977],{"id":1974},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,1976,17],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,1979,1980],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1960,1982,1984,1985,1987],{"id":1983},"can-update-add-new-keys","Can ",[15,1986,17],{}," add new keys?",[20,1989,1990],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1960,1992,1994,1995,1997],{"id":1993},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list","Can I use ",[15,1996,17],{}," with a list?",[20,1999,2000,2001,108],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,2002,2003],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[1960,2005,2007,2008,2010],{"id":2006},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key","What is the difference between ",[15,2009,17],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,2012,2013,2014,2016],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,2015,17],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,2018,2020],{"id":2019},"see-also","See also",[192,2022,2023,2028,2033,2038,2043],{},[195,2024,2025],{},[395,2026,2027],{"href":397},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[195,2029,2030],{},[395,2031,2032],{"href":1546},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[195,2034,2035],{},[395,2036,2037],{"href":786},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[195,2039,2040],{},[395,2041,2042],{"href":1798},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[195,2044,2045],{},[395,2046,1954],{"href":1953},[2048,2049,2050],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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dictionary",{"id":790,"depth":102,"text":2060},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":1047,"depth":102,"text":1048},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":1550,"depth":102,"text":2064},"When to use update()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":2067},[2068,2070,2072,2074,2076],{"id":1962,"depth":150,"text":2069},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":1974,"depth":150,"text":2071},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":1983,"depth":150,"text":2073},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":1993,"depth":150,"text":2075},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":2006,"depth":150,"text":2077},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",{"title":5,"description":2079},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",[2087,3689,5406,7103,9240,11418,12926,15088,17289,19743,21575,24140,26235,28516,30462,32224,34221,35661,37490,40015,42177,43406,44777,46425,48746,50590,52572,54266,55519,57213,58964,60936,62686,64786,66146,68097,69660,71651,73446,75346,77788,79866,82506,84535,86498,88686,90690,93003,94685,96130,97324,98502,100342,102782,104486,106501,108025,109270,110433,111815,113886,115783,117557,119423,121542,123282,124744,126338,128261,129938,131873,133362,136146,137723,139282,141310,143262,144725,145914,147800,149211,150907,152461,153883,155286,157184,159578,161409],{"id":2088,"title":2089,"body":2090,"description":3683,"extension":2080,"meta":3684,"navigation":682,"path":3685,"seo":3686,"stem":3687,"__hash__":3688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2091,"toc":3655},[2092,2095,2101,2104,2115,2118,2120,2186,2188,2208,2213,2217,2222,2225,2241,2244,2270,2273,2275,2278,2294,2297,2324,2326,2384,2386,2401,2411,2422,2426,2429,2483,2485,2505,2508,2531,2538,2542,2547,2553,2555,2593,2595,2604,2611,2629,2632,2644,2648,2653,2657,2660,2681,2683,2741,2743,2751,2754,2758,2790,2792,2800,2803,2807,2812,2860,2862,2870,2874,2934,2936,2944,2947,2949,2953,2956,2979,2988,3004,3055,3057,3072,3083,3087,3090,3120,3127,3131,3136,3177,3179,3190,3193,3236,3238,3246,3250,3255,3277,3279,3288,3297,3301,3306,3328,3330,3400,3402,3452,3455,3458,3461,3541,3543,3574,3576,3580,3583,3587,3590,3594,3597,3601,3613,3617,3620,3622,3652],[10,2093,2089],{"id":2094},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2096,22,2097,2100],{},[15,2098,2099],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2102,2103],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[192,2105,2106,2109,2112],{},[195,2107,2108],{},"a number without its negative sign",[195,2110,2111],{},"the distance between two numbers",[195,2113,2114],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2116,2117],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,2119,33],{"id":32},[35,2121,2123],{"className":37,"code":2122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2124,2125,2144,2159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2126,2127,2129,2131,2134,2136,2139,2142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2128,154],{"class":153},[44,2130,157],{"class":58},[44,2132,2133],{"class":153},"abs",[44,2135,157],{"class":58},[44,2137,2138],{"class":54},"-",[44,2140,2141],{"class":95},"7",[44,2143,1869],{"class":58},[44,2145,2146,2148,2150,2152,2154,2157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2147,154],{"class":153},[44,2149,157],{"class":58},[44,2151,2133],{"class":153},[44,2153,157],{"class":58},[44,2155,2156],{"class":95},"3.5",[44,2158,1869],{"class":58},[44,2160,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2174,2177,2180,2184],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2162,154],{"class":153},[44,2164,157],{"class":58},[44,2166,2133],{"class":153},[44,2168,157],{"class":58},[44,2170,2138],{"class":54},[44,2172,2173],{"class":95},"2",[44,2175,2176],{"class":54},"+",[44,2178,2179],{"class":95},"3",[44,2181,2183],{"class":2182},"sbsja","j",[44,2185,1869],{"class":58},[20,2187,330],{},[35,2189,2191],{"className":37,"code":2190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2192,2193,2198,2203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2194,2195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2196,2197],{"class":95},"7\n",[44,2199,2200],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2201,2202],{"class":95},"3.5\n",[44,2204,2205],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2206,2207],{"class":95},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2209,172,2210,2212],{},[15,2211,2099],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,2214,2216],{"id":2215},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2218,2219,2221],{},[15,2220,2099],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2223,2224],{},"That means:",[192,2226,2227,2230,2233],{},[195,2228,2229],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[195,2231,2232],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[195,2234,2235,2238,2239],{},[15,2236,2237],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2240,2237],{},[20,2242,2243],{},"Examples:",[192,2245,2246,2255,2263],{},[195,2247,2248,2251,2252],{},[15,2249,2250],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2253,2254],{},"5",[195,2256,2257,2251,2260],{},[15,2258,2259],{},"abs(9)",[15,2261,2262],{},"9",[195,2264,2265,2251,2268],{},[15,2266,2267],{},"abs(0)",[15,2269,2237],{},[20,2271,2272],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,2274,402],{"id":401},[20,2276,2277],{},"The syntax is:",[35,2279,2281],{"className":37,"code":2280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,2282,2283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2284,2285,2287,2289,2292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2286,2133],{"class":153},[44,2288,157],{"class":58},[44,2290,2291],{"class":111},"x",[44,2293,162],{"class":58},[20,2295,2296],{},"Here:",[192,2298,2299,2316,2321],{},[195,2300,2301,2303,2304,2307,2308,2311,2312,2315],{},[15,2302,2291],{}," is usually an ",[15,2305,2306],{},"int",", ",[15,2309,2310],{},"float",", or ",[15,2313,2314],{},"complex"," number",[195,2317,2318,2320],{},[15,2319,2099],{}," returns a new value",[195,2322,2323],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2325,223],{},[35,2327,2329],{"className":37,"code":2328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2330,2331,2344,2360,2364,2374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2332,2333,2336,2338,2341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2334,2335],{"class":50},"number ",[44,2337,55],{"class":54},[44,2339,2340],{"class":54}," -",[44,2342,2343],{"class":95},"12\n",[44,2345,2346,2348,2350,2353,2355,2358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2347,1340],{"class":50},[44,2349,55],{"class":54},[44,2351,2352],{"class":153}," abs",[44,2354,157],{"class":58},[44,2356,2357],{"class":111},"number",[44,2359,162],{"class":58},[44,2361,2362],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2363,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,2365,2366,2368,2370,2372],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,2367,154],{"class":153},[44,2369,157],{"class":58},[44,2371,2357],{"class":111},[44,2373,162],{"class":58},[44,2375,2376,2378,2380,2382],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,2377,154],{"class":153},[44,2379,157],{"class":58},[44,2381,1376],{"class":111},[44,2383,162],{"class":58},[20,2385,330],{},[35,2387,2389],{"className":37,"code":2388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,2390,2391,2397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2392,2393,2395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2394,2138],{"class":54},[44,2396,2343],{"class":95},[44,2398,2399],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2400,2343],{"class":95},[20,2402,2403,2404,2406,2407,2410],{},"Notice that ",[15,2405,2357],{}," is still ",[15,2408,2409],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2412,2413,2414,2421],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[395,2415,2417,2420],{"href":2416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2418,2419],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,2423,2425],{"id":2424},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2427,2428],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,2430,2432],{"className":37,"code":2431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2433,2434,2451,2466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2435,2436,2438,2440,2442,2444,2446,2449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2437,154],{"class":153},[44,2439,157],{"class":58},[44,2441,2133],{"class":153},[44,2443,157],{"class":58},[44,2445,2138],{"class":54},[44,2447,2448],{"class":95},"10",[44,2450,1869],{"class":58},[44,2452,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461,2464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2454,154],{"class":153},[44,2456,157],{"class":58},[44,2458,2133],{"class":153},[44,2460,157],{"class":58},[44,2462,2463],{"class":95},"8",[44,2465,1869],{"class":58},[44,2467,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2481],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2469,154],{"class":153},[44,2471,157],{"class":58},[44,2473,2133],{"class":153},[44,2475,157],{"class":58},[44,2477,2138],{"class":54},[44,2479,2480],{"class":95},"4.2",[44,2482,1869],{"class":58},[20,2484,330],{},[35,2486,2488],{"className":37,"code":2487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2489,2490,2495,2500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2491,2492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2493,2494],{"class":95},"10\n",[44,2496,2497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2498,2499],{"class":95},"8\n",[44,2501,2502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2503,2504],{"class":95},"4.2\n",[20,2506,2507],{},"What each line does:",[192,2509,2510,2517,2524],{},[195,2511,2512,1298,2515],{},[15,2513,2514],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2516,2448],{},[195,2518,2519,1298,2522],{},[15,2520,2521],{},"abs(8)",[15,2523,2463],{},[195,2525,2526,1298,2529],{},[15,2527,2528],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2530,2480],{},[20,2532,2533,2534,108],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[395,2535,2537],{"href":2536},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2539,2541],{"id":2540},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2543,2544,2546],{},[15,2545,2099],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2548,2549,2550,2552],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2551,2237],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2554,223],{},[35,2556,2558],{"className":37,"code":2557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2559,2560,2578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2561,2562,2565,2567,2569,2572,2575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2563,2564],{"class":50},"value ",[44,2566,55],{"class":54},[44,2568,1017],{"class":95},[44,2570,2571],{"class":54}," +",[44,2573,2574],{"class":95}," 4",[44,2576,2577],{"class":2182},"j\n",[44,2579,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2591],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2581,154],{"class":153},[44,2583,157],{"class":58},[44,2585,2133],{"class":153},[44,2587,157],{"class":58},[44,2589,2590],{"class":111},"value",[44,2592,1869],{"class":58},[20,2594,330],{},[35,2596,2598],{"className":37,"code":2597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2599,2600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2601,2602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2603,2597],{"class":95},[20,2605,2606,2607,2610],{},"Why ",[15,2608,2609],{},"5.0","?",[192,2612,2613,2618,2624],{},[195,2614,2615,2616],{},"the real part is ",[15,2617,2179],{},[195,2619,2620,2621],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2622,2623],{},"4",[195,2625,2626,2627],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2628,2609],{},[20,2630,2631],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[192,2633,2634,2641],{},[195,2635,2636,2638,2639],{},[15,2637,2099],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2640,2310],{},[195,2642,2643],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,2645,2647],{"id":2646},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2649,2650,2651,108],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2652,2099],{},[1960,2654,2656],{"id":2655},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2658,2659],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,2661,2663],{"className":37,"code":2662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2664,2665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2666,2667,2669,2671,2674,2676,2679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2668,2133],{"class":153},[44,2670,157],{"class":58},[44,2672,2673],{"class":111},"a ",[44,2675,2138],{"class":54},[44,2677,2678],{"class":111}," b",[44,2680,162],{"class":58},[20,2682,223],{},[35,2684,2686],{"className":37,"code":2685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2687,2688,2697,2707,2711,2730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2689,2690,2692,2694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2691,2673],{"class":50},[44,2693,55],{"class":54},[44,2695,2696],{"class":95}," 3\n",[44,2698,2699,2702,2704],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2700,2701],{"class":50},"b ",[44,2703,55],{"class":54},[44,2705,2706],{"class":95}," 10\n",[44,2708,2709],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2710,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,2712,2713,2716,2718,2720,2722,2724,2726,2728],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,2714,2715],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,2717,55],{"class":54},[44,2719,2352],{"class":153},[44,2721,157],{"class":58},[44,2723,2673],{"class":111},[44,2725,2138],{"class":54},[44,2727,2678],{"class":111},[44,2729,162],{"class":58},[44,2731,2732,2734,2736,2739],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,2733,154],{"class":153},[44,2735,157],{"class":58},[44,2737,2738],{"class":111},"distance",[44,2740,162],{"class":58},[20,2742,330],{},[35,2744,2745],{"className":37,"code":2197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2746,2747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2748,2749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2750,2197],{"class":95},[20,2752,2753],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1960,2755,2757],{"id":2756},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2759,2761],{"className":37,"code":2760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2762,2763,2775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2764,2765,2768,2770,2772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2766,2767],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2769,55],{"class":54},[44,2771,2340],{"class":54},[44,2773,2774],{"class":95},"6\n",[44,2776,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2788],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2778,154],{"class":153},[44,2780,157],{"class":58},[44,2782,2133],{"class":153},[44,2784,157],{"class":58},[44,2786,2787],{"class":111},"temperature_change",[44,2789,1869],{"class":58},[20,2791,330],{},[35,2793,2794],{"className":37,"code":2774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2795,2796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2797,2798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2799,2774],{"class":95},[20,2801,2802],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1960,2804,2806],{"id":2805},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2808,2809,2810,2421],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2811,2099],{},[35,2813,2815],{"className":37,"code":2814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2816,2817,2829,2845,2849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2818,2819,2822,2824,2826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2820,2821],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2823,55],{"class":54},[44,2825,2340],{"class":54},[44,2827,2828],{"class":95},"25\n",[44,2830,2831,2834,2836,2838,2840,2843],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2832,2833],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2835,55],{"class":54},[44,2837,2352],{"class":153},[44,2839,157],{"class":58},[44,2841,2842],{"class":111},"balance_change",[44,2844,162],{"class":58},[44,2846,2847],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2848,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,2850,2851,2853,2855,2858],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,2852,154],{"class":153},[44,2854,157],{"class":58},[44,2856,2857],{"class":111},"safe_value",[44,2859,162],{"class":58},[20,2861,330],{},[35,2863,2864],{"className":37,"code":2828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2865,2866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2867,2868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2869,2828],{"class":95},[1960,2871,2873],{"id":2872},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2875,2877],{"className":37,"code":2876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2878,2879,2889,2899,2903,2923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2880,2881,2884,2886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2882,2883],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2885,55],{"class":54},[44,2887,2888],{"class":95}," 42\n",[44,2890,2891,2894,2896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,2892,2893],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2895,55],{"class":54},[44,2897,2898],{"class":95}," 50\n",[44,2900,2901],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,2902,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,2904,2905,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2921],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,2906,2907],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2909,55],{"class":54},[44,2911,2352],{"class":153},[44,2913,157],{"class":58},[44,2915,2883],{"class":111},[44,2917,2138],{"class":54},[44,2919,2920],{"class":111}," target",[44,2922,162],{"class":58},[44,2924,2925,2927,2929,2932],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,2926,154],{"class":153},[44,2928,157],{"class":58},[44,2930,2931],{"class":111},"difference",[44,2933,162],{"class":58},[20,2935,330],{},[35,2937,2938],{"className":37,"code":2499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2939,2940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2941,2942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2943,2499],{"class":95},[20,2945,2946],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2948,1803],{"id":1802},[1960,2950,2952],{"id":2951},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2954,2955],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2957,2959],{"className":37,"code":2958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2960,2961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2962,2963,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2964,154],{"class":153},[44,2966,157],{"class":58},[44,2968,2133],{"class":153},[44,2970,157],{"class":58},[44,2972,63],{"class":62},[44,2974,2254],{"class":66},[44,2976,63],{"class":62},[44,2978,1869],{"class":58},[20,2980,2981,2984,2985,2987],{},[15,2982,2983],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2986,2099],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2989,2990,2991,2997,2998,72],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[395,2992,2994],{"href":2993},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2995,2996],{},"int()"," or ",[395,2999,3001],{"href":3000},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3002,3003],{},"float()",[35,3005,3007],{"className":37,"code":3006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3008,3009,3032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3010,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3012,154],{"class":153},[44,3014,157],{"class":58},[44,3016,2133],{"class":153},[44,3018,157],{"class":58},[44,3020,2306],{"class":1861},[44,3022,157],{"class":58},[44,3024,63],{"class":62},[44,3026,2254],{"class":66},[44,3028,63],{"class":62},[44,3030,3031],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,3033,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3051,3053],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3035,154],{"class":153},[44,3037,157],{"class":58},[44,3039,2133],{"class":153},[44,3041,157],{"class":58},[44,3043,2310],{"class":1861},[44,3045,157],{"class":58},[44,3047,63],{"class":62},[44,3049,3050],{"class":66},"-3.2",[44,3052,63],{"class":62},[44,3054,3031],{"class":58},[20,3056,330],{},[35,3058,3060],{"className":37,"code":3059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3061,3062,3067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3063,3064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3065,3066],{"class":95},"5\n",[44,3068,3069],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3070,3071],{"class":95},"3.2\n",[20,3073,3074,3075,3078,3079,108],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3076,3077],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[395,3080,3082],{"href":3081},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1960,3084,3086],{"id":3085},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3088,3089],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,3091,3093],{"className":37,"code":3092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3094,3095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3096,3097,3099,3101,3103,3106,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3098,154],{"class":153},[44,3100,157],{"class":58},[44,3102,2133],{"class":153},[44,3104,3105],{"class":58},"([",[44,3107,3108],{"class":95},"1",[44,3110,83],{"class":58},[44,3112,1012],{"class":95},[44,3114,83],{"class":58},[44,3116,1017],{"class":95},[44,3118,3119],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,3121,3122,3123,3126],{},"This raises a ",[15,3124,3125],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1960,3128,3130],{"id":3129},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3132,3133,3135],{},[15,3134,2099],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,3137,3139],{"className":37,"code":3138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3140,3141,3153,3163,3167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3142,3143,3146,3148,3150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3144,3145],{"class":50},"x ",[44,3147,55],{"class":54},[44,3149,2340],{"class":54},[44,3151,3152],{"class":95},"9\n",[44,3154,3155,3157,3159,3161],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3156,2133],{"class":153},[44,3158,157],{"class":58},[44,3160,2291],{"class":111},[44,3162,162],{"class":58},[44,3164,3165],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3166,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,3168,3169,3171,3173,3175],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,3170,154],{"class":153},[44,3172,157],{"class":58},[44,3174,2291],{"class":111},[44,3176,162],{"class":58},[20,3178,330],{},[35,3180,3182],{"className":37,"code":3181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,3183,3184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3185,3186,3188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3187,2138],{"class":54},[44,3189,3152],{"class":95},[20,3191,3192],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,3194,3196],{"className":37,"code":3195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3197,3198,3208,3222,3226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3199,3200,3202,3204,3206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3201,3145],{"class":50},[44,3203,55],{"class":54},[44,3205,2340],{"class":54},[44,3207,3152],{"class":95},[44,3209,3210,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3211,3145],{"class":50},[44,3213,55],{"class":54},[44,3215,2352],{"class":153},[44,3217,157],{"class":58},[44,3219,2291],{"class":111},[44,3221,162],{"class":58},[44,3223,3224],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3225,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,3227,3228,3230,3232,3234],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,3229,154],{"class":153},[44,3231,157],{"class":58},[44,3233,2291],{"class":111},[44,3235,162],{"class":58},[20,3237,330],{},[35,3239,3240],{"className":37,"code":3152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3241,3242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3243,3244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3245,3152],{"class":95},[1960,3247,3249],{"id":3248},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3251,3252,3254],{},[15,3253,2099],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,3256,3258],{"className":37,"code":3257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3259,3260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3261,3262,3264,3266,3268,3270,3272,3275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3263,154],{"class":153},[44,3265,157],{"class":58},[44,3267,2133],{"class":153},[44,3269,157],{"class":58},[44,3271,2138],{"class":54},[44,3273,3274],{"class":95},"4.7",[44,3276,1869],{"class":58},[20,3278,330],{},[35,3280,3282],{"className":37,"code":3281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,3283,3284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3285,3286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3287,3281],{"class":95},[20,3289,3290,3291,3293,3294,3296],{},"If you expected ",[15,3292,2254],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3295,2099],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,3298,3300],{"id":3299},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3302,3303,3305],{},[15,3304,2099],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[192,3307,3308,3315,3322],{},[195,3309,3310,3312,3313],{},[15,3311,2306],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3314,2306],{},[195,3316,3317,3319,3320],{},[15,3318,2310],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3321,2310],{},[195,3323,3324,3319,3326],{},[15,3325,2314],{},[15,3327,2310],{},[20,3329,223],{},[35,3331,3333],{"className":37,"code":3332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3334,3335,3355,3376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3336,3337,3339,3341,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3338,154],{"class":153},[44,3340,157],{"class":58},[44,3342,1862],{"class":1861},[44,3344,157],{"class":58},[44,3346,2133],{"class":153},[44,3348,157],{"class":58},[44,3350,2138],{"class":54},[44,3352,2254],{"class":95},[44,3354,3031],{"class":58},[44,3356,3357,3359,3361,3363,3365,3367,3369,3371,3374],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3358,154],{"class":153},[44,3360,157],{"class":58},[44,3362,1862],{"class":1861},[44,3364,157],{"class":58},[44,3366,2133],{"class":153},[44,3368,157],{"class":58},[44,3370,2138],{"class":54},[44,3372,3373],{"class":95},"3.2",[44,3375,3031],{"class":58},[44,3377,3378,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3379,154],{"class":153},[44,3381,157],{"class":58},[44,3383,1862],{"class":1861},[44,3385,157],{"class":58},[44,3387,2133],{"class":153},[44,3389,157],{"class":58},[44,3391,2179],{"class":95},[44,3393,2571],{"class":54},[44,3395,2574],{"class":95},[44,3397,2183],{"class":2182},[44,3399,3031],{"class":58},[20,3401,330],{},[35,3403,3405],{"className":37,"code":3404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3406,3407,3424,3438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3408,3409,3412,3415,3417,3419,3421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3410,3411],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,3413,3414],{"class":2182},"class",[44,3416,352],{"class":62},[44,3418,2306],{"class":66},[44,3420,343],{"class":62},[44,3422,3423],{"class":54},">\n",[44,3425,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3427,3411],{"class":54},[44,3429,3414],{"class":2182},[44,3431,352],{"class":62},[44,3433,2310],{"class":66},[44,3435,343],{"class":62},[44,3437,3423],{"class":54},[44,3439,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3441,3411],{"class":54},[44,3443,3414],{"class":2182},[44,3445,352],{"class":62},[44,3447,2310],{"class":66},[44,3449,343],{"class":62},[44,3451,3423],{"class":54},[20,3453,3454],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3456,3457],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3459,3460],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3462,3464],{"className":37,"code":3463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3465,3466,3480,3490,3504,3508,3522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3467,3468,3470,3472,3474,3477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3469,2564],{"class":50},[44,3471,55],{"class":54},[44,3473,75],{"class":62},[44,3475,3476],{"class":66},"-5",[44,3478,3479],{"class":62},"\"\n",[44,3481,3482,3484,3486,3488],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3483,154],{"class":153},[44,3485,157],{"class":58},[44,3487,2590],{"class":111},[44,3489,162],{"class":58},[44,3491,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3493,154],{"class":153},[44,3495,157],{"class":58},[44,3497,1862],{"class":1861},[44,3499,157],{"class":58},[44,3501,2590],{"class":111},[44,3503,1869],{"class":58},[44,3505,3506],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,3507,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,3509,3510,3513,3515,3517,3520],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,3511,3512],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3514,55],{"class":54},[44,3516,75],{"class":62},[44,3518,3519],{"class":66},"-3.7",[44,3521,3479],{"class":62},[44,3523,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536,3539],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,3525,154],{"class":153},[44,3527,157],{"class":58},[44,3529,2133],{"class":153},[44,3531,157],{"class":58},[44,3533,2310],{"class":1861},[44,3535,157],{"class":58},[44,3537,3538],{"class":111},"user_input",[44,3540,3031],{"class":58},[20,3542,330],{},[35,3544,3546],{"className":37,"code":3545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3547,3548,3554,3569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3549,3550,3552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3551,2138],{"class":54},[44,3553,3066],{"class":95},[44,3555,3556,3558,3560,3562,3565,3567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3557,3411],{"class":54},[44,3559,3414],{"class":2182},[44,3561,352],{"class":62},[44,3563,3564],{"class":66},"str",[44,3566,343],{"class":62},[44,3568,3423],{"class":54},[44,3570,3571],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3572,3573],{"class":95},"3.7\n",[30,3575,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,3577,3579],{"id":3578},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3581,3582],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1960,3584,3586],{"id":3585},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3588,3589],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1960,3591,3593],{"id":3592},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3595,3596],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1960,3598,3600],{"id":3599},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3602,3603,3605,3606,2997,3608,3610,3611,108],{},[15,3604,3077],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3607,2996],{},[15,3609,3003],{}," before using ",[15,3612,2099],{},[1960,3614,3616],{"id":3615},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3618,3619],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,3621,2020],{"id":2019},[192,3623,3624,3631,3637,3643,3648],{},[195,3625,3626],{},[395,3627,3628,3630],{"href":2993},[15,3629,2996],{}," function explained",[195,3632,3633],{},[395,3634,3635,3630],{"href":3000},[15,3636,3003],{},[195,3638,3639],{},[395,3640,3641,3630],{"href":2416},[15,3642,2419],{},[195,3644,3645],{},[395,3646,3647],{"href":3081},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[195,3649,3650],{},[395,3651,2537],{"href":2536},[2048,3653,3654],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":3656},[3657,3658,3659,3660,3661,3662,3668,3674,3675,3682],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":2215,"depth":102,"text":2216},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":2424,"depth":102,"text":2425},{"id":2540,"depth":102,"text":2541},{"id":2646,"depth":102,"text":2647,"children":3663},[3664,3665,3666,3667],{"id":2655,"depth":150,"text":2656},{"id":2756,"depth":150,"text":2757},{"id":2805,"depth":150,"text":2806},{"id":2872,"depth":150,"text":2873},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":3669},[3670,3671,3672,3673],{"id":2951,"depth":150,"text":2952},{"id":3085,"depth":150,"text":3086},{"id":3129,"depth":150,"text":3130},{"id":3248,"depth":150,"text":3249},{"id":3299,"depth":102,"text":3300},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":3676},[3677,3678,3679,3680,3681],{"id":3578,"depth":150,"text":3579},{"id":3585,"depth":150,"text":3586},{"id":3592,"depth":150,"text":3593},{"id":3599,"depth":150,"text":3600},{"id":3615,"depth":150,"text":3616},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2089,"description":3683},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3690,"title":3691,"body":3692,"description":5400,"extension":2080,"meta":5401,"navigation":682,"path":5402,"seo":5403,"stem":5404,"__hash__":5405},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3693,"toc":5364},[3694,3702,3708,3711,3728,3732,3790,3800,3805,3809,3828,3831,3848,3851,3855,3863,3881,3884,3923,3926,3933,3939,4016,4018,4050,4056,4060,4064,4103,4105,4114,4121,4125,4164,4166,4175,4185,4189,4245,4247,4255,4258,4261,4308,4310,4318,4324,4331,4336,4339,4342,4409,4411,4419,4422,4489,4491,4499,4513,4516,4528,4532,4538,4541,4543,4559,4561,4569,4572,4575,4578,4595,4598,4601,4631,4633,4646,4650,4654,4657,4672,4677,4680,4707,4714,4717,4757,4764,4770,4778,4781,4833,4840,4904,4909,4918,4921,4939,4945,4948,5090,5095,5100,5103,5114,5117,5173,5175,5183,5186,5244,5246,5254,5257,5268,5270,5277,5285,5294,5297,5303,5306,5314,5327,5329,5361],[10,3695,3697,3698,3701],{"id":3696},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3699,3700],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3703,3704,3705,3707],{},"Python’s ",[15,3706,3700],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3709,3710],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[192,3712,3713,3716,3719],{},[195,3714,3715],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[195,3717,3718],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[195,3720,3721,1298,3724,3727],{},[15,3722,3723],{},"all([])",[15,3725,3726],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,3729,3731],{"id":3730},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,3733,3735],{"className":37,"code":3734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3736,3737,3760,3776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3738,3739,3742,3744,3747,3749,3751,3753,3755,3757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3740,3741],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,3743,55],{"class":54},[44,3745,3746],{"class":58}," [",[44,3748,3108],{"class":95},[44,3750,83],{"class":58},[44,3752,1012],{"class":95},[44,3754,83],{"class":58},[44,3756,1017],{"class":95},[44,3758,3759],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,3761,3762,3764,3766,3769,3771,3774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3763,1340],{"class":50},[44,3765,55],{"class":54},[44,3767,3768],{"class":153}," all",[44,3770,157],{"class":58},[44,3772,3773],{"class":111},"numbers",[44,3775,162],{"class":58},[44,3777,3778,3780,3782,3784,3787],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3779,154],{"class":153},[44,3781,157],{"class":58},[44,3783,1376],{"class":111},[44,3785,3786],{"class":58},")",[44,3788,3789],{"class":168},"  # True\n",[20,3791,3792,1298,3794,3796,3797,108],{},[15,3793,3700],{},[15,3795,3726],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3798,3799],{},"False",[30,3801,179,3803,182],{"id":3802},"what-all-does",[15,3804,3700],{},[20,3806,3807,72],{},[15,3808,3700],{},[192,3810,3811,3814,3820,3825],{},[195,3812,3813],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[195,3815,3816,3817,3819],{},"returns ",[15,3818,3726],{}," if all items are truthy",[195,3821,3816,3822,3824],{},[15,3823,3799],{}," if any item is falsy",[195,3826,3827],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3829,3830],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3832,3834],{"className":37,"code":3833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3835,3836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3837,3838,3841,3843,3846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3839,3840],{"class":153},"all",[44,3842,157],{"class":58},[44,3844,3845],{"class":111},"iterable",[44,3847,162],{"class":58},[20,3849,3850],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3852,3854],{"id":3853},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3856,3857,3858,2997,3860,3862],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3859,3726],{},[15,3861,3799],{}," in conditions.",[192,3864,3865,3874],{},[195,3866,3867,3871,3872],{},[3868,3869,3870],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3873,3726],{},[195,3875,3876,3871,3879],{},[3868,3877,3878],{},"Falsy",[15,3880,3799],{},[20,3882,3883],{},"Common falsy values include:",[192,3885,3886,3890,3895,3900,3904,3908,3913,3918],{},[195,3887,3888],{},[15,3889,2237],{},[195,3891,3892],{},[15,3893,3894],{},"0.0",[195,3896,3897],{},[15,3898,3899],{},"''",[195,3901,3902],{},[15,3903,217],{},[195,3905,3906],{},[15,3907,3799],{},[195,3909,3910],{},[15,3911,3912],{},"[]",[195,3914,3915],{},[15,3916,3917],{},"{}",[195,3919,3920],{},[15,3921,3922],{},"set()",[20,3924,3925],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3927,3928,3929,108],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[395,3930,3932],{"href":3931},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3934,3935,3936,72],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3937,3938],{},"bool()",[35,3940,3942],{"className":37,"code":3941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3943,3944,3981,3985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3945,3946,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3960,3962,3965,3967,3969,3972,3974,3976,3979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3947,3948],{"class":50},"values ",[44,3950,55],{"class":54},[44,3952,3746],{"class":58},[44,3954,3108],{"class":95},[44,3956,83],{"class":58},[44,3958,3959],{"class":95}," 0",[44,3961,83],{"class":58},[44,3963,3964],{"class":62}," ''",[44,3966,83],{"class":58},[44,3968,352],{"class":62},[44,3970,3971],{"class":66},"hello",[44,3973,343],{"class":62},[44,3975,83],{"class":58},[44,3977,3978],{"class":1400}," None",[44,3980,3759],{"class":58},[44,3982,3983],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,3984,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,3986,3987,3989,3991,3994,3996,3998,4000,4004,4007,4010,4013],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,3988,154],{"class":153},[44,3990,3105],{"class":58},[44,3992,3993],{"class":1861},"bool",[44,3995,157],{"class":58},[44,3997,2291],{"class":111},[44,3999,3786],{"class":58},[44,4001,4003],{"class":4002},"sVHd0"," for",[44,4005,4006],{"class":111}," x ",[44,4008,4009],{"class":4002},"in",[44,4011,4012],{"class":111}," values",[44,4014,4015],{"class":58},"])\n",[20,4017,330],{},[35,4019,4021],{"className":37,"code":4020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4022,4023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4024,4025,4028,4030,4032,4035,4037,4039,4041,4044,4046,4048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4026,4027],{"class":58},"[",[44,4029,3726],{"class":1400},[44,4031,83],{"class":58},[44,4033,4034],{"class":1400}," False",[44,4036,83],{"class":58},[44,4038,4034],{"class":1400},[44,4040,83],{"class":58},[44,4042,4043],{"class":1400}," True",[44,4045,83],{"class":58},[44,4047,4034],{"class":1400},[44,4049,3759],{"class":58},[20,4051,4052,4053,4055],{},"This matters because ",[15,4054,3700],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,4057,4059],{"id":4058},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1960,4061,4063],{"id":4062},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,4065,4067],{"className":37,"code":4066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4068,4069,4089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4070,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4072,3741],{"class":50},[44,4074,55],{"class":54},[44,4076,3746],{"class":58},[44,4078,3108],{"class":95},[44,4080,83],{"class":58},[44,4082,1012],{"class":95},[44,4084,83],{"class":58},[44,4086,1017],{"class":95},[44,4088,3759],{"class":58},[44,4090,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4092,154],{"class":153},[44,4094,157],{"class":58},[44,4096,3840],{"class":153},[44,4098,157],{"class":58},[44,4100,3773],{"class":111},[44,4102,1869],{"class":58},[20,4104,330],{},[35,4106,4108],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,4109,4110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4111,4112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4113,4107],{"class":1400},[20,4115,4116,4117,1298,4119,108],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4118,3700],{},[15,4120,3726],{},[1960,4122,4124],{"id":4123},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,4126,4128],{"className":37,"code":4127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4129,4130,4150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4133,3741],{"class":50},[44,4135,55],{"class":54},[44,4137,3746],{"class":58},[44,4139,3108],{"class":95},[44,4141,83],{"class":58},[44,4143,3959],{"class":95},[44,4145,83],{"class":58},[44,4147,1017],{"class":95},[44,4149,3759],{"class":58},[44,4151,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4153,154],{"class":153},[44,4155,157],{"class":58},[44,4157,3840],{"class":153},[44,4159,157],{"class":58},[44,4161,3773],{"class":111},[44,4163,1869],{"class":58},[20,4165,330],{},[35,4167,4169],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,4170,4171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4172,4173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4174,4168],{"class":1400},[20,4176,4177,4178,4180,4181,1298,4183,108],{},"The value ",[15,4179,2237],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4182,3700],{},[15,4184,3799],{},[1960,4186,4188],{"id":4187},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,4190,4192],{"className":37,"code":4191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4193,4194,4230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4195,4196,4199,4201,4203,4205,4208,4210,4212,4214,4217,4219,4221,4223,4226,4228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4197,4198],{"class":50},"words ",[44,4200,55],{"class":54},[44,4202,3746],{"class":58},[44,4204,343],{"class":62},[44,4206,4207],{"class":66},"apple",[44,4209,343],{"class":62},[44,4211,83],{"class":58},[44,4213,352],{"class":62},[44,4215,4216],{"class":66},"banana",[44,4218,343],{"class":62},[44,4220,83],{"class":58},[44,4222,352],{"class":62},[44,4224,4225],{"class":66},"cherry",[44,4227,343],{"class":62},[44,4229,3759],{"class":58},[44,4231,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4243],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4233,154],{"class":153},[44,4235,157],{"class":58},[44,4237,3840],{"class":153},[44,4239,157],{"class":58},[44,4241,4242],{"class":111},"words",[44,4244,1869],{"class":58},[20,4246,330],{},[35,4248,4249],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4250,4251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4252,4253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4254,4107],{"class":1400},[20,4256,4257],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4259,4260],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,4262,4264],{"className":37,"code":4263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4265,4266,4294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4267,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4269,4198],{"class":50},[44,4271,55],{"class":54},[44,4273,3746],{"class":58},[44,4275,343],{"class":62},[44,4277,4207],{"class":66},[44,4279,343],{"class":62},[44,4281,83],{"class":58},[44,4283,3964],{"class":62},[44,4285,83],{"class":58},[44,4287,352],{"class":62},[44,4289,4225],{"class":66},[44,4291,343],{"class":62},[44,4293,3759],{"class":58},[44,4295,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4297,154],{"class":153},[44,4299,157],{"class":58},[44,4301,3840],{"class":153},[44,4303,157],{"class":58},[44,4305,4242],{"class":111},[44,4307,1869],{"class":58},[20,4309,330],{},[35,4311,4312],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4313,4314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4315,4316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4317,4168],{"class":1400},[20,4319,4320,4321,4323],{},"The empty string ",[15,4322,3899],{}," is falsy.",[30,4325,4327,4328,4330],{"id":4326},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4329,3700],{}," works with conditions",[20,4332,4333,4335],{},[15,4334,3700],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4337,4338],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4340,4341],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,4343,4345],{"className":37,"code":4344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4346,4347,4367,4395,4399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4348,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4350,3741],{"class":50},[44,4352,55],{"class":54},[44,4354,3746],{"class":58},[44,4356,3108],{"class":95},[44,4358,83],{"class":58},[44,4360,1012],{"class":95},[44,4362,83],{"class":58},[44,4364,1017],{"class":95},[44,4366,3759],{"class":58},[44,4368,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4370,1340],{"class":50},[44,4372,55],{"class":54},[44,4374,3768],{"class":153},[44,4376,157],{"class":58},[44,4378,3145],{"class":111},[44,4380,4381],{"class":54},">",[44,4383,3959],{"class":95},[44,4385,4003],{"class":4002},[44,4387,4006],{"class":111},[44,4389,4009],{"class":4002},[44,4391,4392],{"class":111}," numbers",[44,4394,162],{"class":58},[44,4396,4397],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,4398,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,4400,4401,4403,4405,4407],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,4402,154],{"class":153},[44,4404,157],{"class":58},[44,4406,1376],{"class":111},[44,4408,162],{"class":58},[20,4410,330],{},[35,4412,4413],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4414,4415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4416,4417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4418,4107],{"class":1400},[20,4420,4421],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,4423,4425],{"className":37,"code":4424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4426,4427,4449,4475,4479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4428,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4430,3741],{"class":50},[44,4432,55],{"class":54},[44,4434,3746],{"class":58},[44,4436,3108],{"class":95},[44,4438,83],{"class":58},[44,4440,2340],{"class":54},[44,4442,2173],{"class":95},[44,4444,83],{"class":58},[44,4446,1017],{"class":95},[44,4448,3759],{"class":58},[44,4450,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4452,1340],{"class":50},[44,4454,55],{"class":54},[44,4456,3768],{"class":153},[44,4458,157],{"class":58},[44,4460,3145],{"class":111},[44,4462,4381],{"class":54},[44,4464,3959],{"class":95},[44,4466,4003],{"class":4002},[44,4468,4006],{"class":111},[44,4470,4009],{"class":4002},[44,4472,4392],{"class":111},[44,4474,162],{"class":58},[44,4476,4477],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,4478,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,4480,4481,4483,4485,4487],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,4482,154],{"class":153},[44,4484,157],{"class":58},[44,4486,1376],{"class":111},[44,4488,162],{"class":58},[20,4490,330],{},[35,4492,4493],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4494,4495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4496,4497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4498,4168],{"class":1400},[20,4500,4501,4502,4505,4506,4508,4509,1298,4511,108],{},"The expression ",[15,4503,4504],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4507,3726],{},", then ",[15,4510,3700],{},[15,4512,3726],{},[20,4514,4515],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4517,4518,4519,4523,4524,108],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[395,4520,4522],{"href":4521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[395,4525,4527],{"href":4526},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4529,4531],{"id":4530},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4533,4534,1298,4536,108],{},[15,4535,3723],{},[15,4537,3726],{},[20,4539,4540],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4542,223],{},[35,4544,4546],{"className":37,"code":4545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4547,4548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4549,4550,4552,4554,4556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4551,154],{"class":153},[44,4553,157],{"class":58},[44,4555,3840],{"class":153},[44,4557,4558],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,4560,330],{},[35,4562,4563],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4564,4565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4566,4567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4568,4107],{"class":1400},[20,4570,4571],{},"Why?",[20,4573,4574],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4576,4577],{},"Think of it this way:",[192,4579,4580,4587,4590],{},[195,4581,4582,1298,4584,4586],{},[15,4583,3700],{},[15,4585,3799],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[195,4588,4589],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[195,4591,4592,4593],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4594,3799],{},[20,4596,4597],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4599,4600],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4602,4604],{"className":37,"code":4603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4605,4606,4617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4607,4608,4610,4612,4614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4609,154],{"class":153},[44,4611,157],{"class":58},[44,4613,3840],{"class":153},[44,4615,4616],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,4618,4619,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4620,154],{"class":153},[44,4622,157],{"class":58},[44,4624,3840],{"class":153},[44,4626,157],{"class":58},[44,4628,3899],{"class":62},[44,4630,1869],{"class":58},[20,4632,330],{},[35,4634,4636],{"className":37,"code":4635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4637,4638,4642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4639,4640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4641,4107],{"class":1400},[44,4643,4644],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4645,4107],{"class":1400},[30,4647,4649],{"id":4648},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1960,4651,4653],{"id":4652},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4655,4656],{},"This is wrong:",[35,4658,4660],{"className":37,"code":4659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4661,4662,4667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4663,4664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4665,4666],{"class":168},"# Wrong\n",[44,4668,4669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4670,4671],{"class":168},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4673,4674,4676],{},[15,4675,3700],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4678,4679],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,4681,4683],{"className":37,"code":4682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4684,4685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4686,4687,4689,4691,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703,4705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4688,154],{"class":153},[44,4690,157],{"class":58},[44,4692,3840],{"class":153},[44,4694,3105],{"class":58},[44,4696,3108],{"class":95},[44,4698,83],{"class":58},[44,4700,1012],{"class":95},[44,4702,83],{"class":58},[44,4704,1017],{"class":95},[44,4706,3119],{"class":58},[1960,4708,4710,4711,4713],{"id":4709},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4712,3700],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4715,4716],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,4718,4720],{"className":37,"code":4719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4721,4722,4743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4723,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4737,4739,4741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4725,3741],{"class":50},[44,4727,55],{"class":54},[44,4729,3746],{"class":58},[44,4731,2254],{"class":95},[44,4733,83],{"class":58},[44,4735,4736],{"class":95}," 5",[44,4738,83],{"class":58},[44,4740,4736],{"class":95},[44,4742,3759],{"class":58},[44,4744,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4755],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4746,154],{"class":153},[44,4748,157],{"class":58},[44,4750,3840],{"class":153},[44,4752,157],{"class":58},[44,4754,3773],{"class":111},[44,4756,1869],{"class":58},[20,4758,4759,4760,4763],{},"This does ",[3868,4761,4762],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4765,4766,4767,4769],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4768,2254],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4771,4772],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4773,4774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4775,4776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4777,4107],{"class":1400},[20,4779,4780],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4782,4784],{"className":37,"code":4783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4785,4786,4806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4787,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4789,3741],{"class":50},[44,4791,55],{"class":54},[44,4793,3746],{"class":58},[44,4795,2254],{"class":95},[44,4797,83],{"class":58},[44,4799,4736],{"class":95},[44,4801,83],{"class":58},[44,4803,4736],{"class":95},[44,4805,3759],{"class":58},[44,4807,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829,4831],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4809,154],{"class":153},[44,4811,157],{"class":58},[44,4813,3840],{"class":153},[44,4815,157],{"class":58},[44,4817,3145],{"class":111},[44,4819,4820],{"class":54},"==",[44,4822,4736],{"class":95},[44,4824,4003],{"class":4002},[44,4826,4006],{"class":111},[44,4828,4009],{"class":4002},[44,4830,4392],{"class":111},[44,4832,1869],{"class":58},[1960,4834,4836,4837,4839],{"id":4835},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4838,2237],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4841,4843],{"className":37,"code":4842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4844,4845,4871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4846,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4848,154],{"class":153},[44,4850,157],{"class":58},[44,4852,3840],{"class":153},[44,4854,3105],{"class":58},[44,4856,3108],{"class":95},[44,4858,83],{"class":58},[44,4860,1012],{"class":95},[44,4862,83],{"class":58},[44,4864,3959],{"class":95},[44,4866,4867],{"class":58},"]))",[44,4869,4870],{"class":168},"       # False\n",[44,4872,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4874,154],{"class":153},[44,4876,157],{"class":58},[44,4878,3840],{"class":153},[44,4880,3105],{"class":58},[44,4882,343],{"class":62},[44,4884,395],{"class":66},[44,4886,343],{"class":62},[44,4888,83],{"class":58},[44,4890,352],{"class":62},[44,4892,1005],{"class":66},[44,4894,343],{"class":62},[44,4896,83],{"class":58},[44,4898,3964],{"class":62},[44,4900,4867],{"class":58},[44,4902,4903],{"class":168},"  # False\n",[20,4905,4906,4907,108],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4908,3799],{},[1960,4910,4912,4913,4915,4916],{"id":4911},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4914,3723],{}," is ",[15,4917,3726],{},[20,4919,4920],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4922,4924],{"className":37,"code":4923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4925,4926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4927,4928,4930,4932,4934,4937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4929,154],{"class":153},[44,4931,157],{"class":58},[44,4933,3840],{"class":153},[44,4935,4936],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,4938,3789],{"class":168},[20,4940,4941,4942,4944],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4943,3726],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4946,4947],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4949,4951],{"className":37,"code":4950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4952,4953,4975,4997,5044,5080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4954,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4967,4969,4971,4973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4956,154],{"class":153},[44,4958,157],{"class":58},[44,4960,3840],{"class":153},[44,4962,3105],{"class":58},[44,4964,3108],{"class":95},[44,4966,83],{"class":58},[44,4968,1012],{"class":95},[44,4970,83],{"class":58},[44,4972,1017],{"class":95},[44,4974,3119],{"class":58},[44,4976,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993,4995],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,4978,154],{"class":153},[44,4980,157],{"class":58},[44,4982,3840],{"class":153},[44,4984,3105],{"class":58},[44,4986,3108],{"class":95},[44,4988,83],{"class":58},[44,4990,3959],{"class":95},[44,4992,83],{"class":58},[44,4994,1017],{"class":95},[44,4996,3119],{"class":58},[44,4998,4999,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039,5041],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,5000,154],{"class":153},[44,5002,3105],{"class":58},[44,5004,3993],{"class":1861},[44,5006,157],{"class":58},[44,5008,2291],{"class":111},[44,5010,3786],{"class":58},[44,5012,4003],{"class":4002},[44,5014,4006],{"class":111},[44,5016,4009],{"class":4002},[44,5018,3746],{"class":58},[44,5020,3108],{"class":95},[44,5022,83],{"class":58},[44,5024,3959],{"class":95},[44,5026,83],{"class":58},[44,5028,3964],{"class":62},[44,5030,83],{"class":58},[44,5032,352],{"class":62},[44,5034,3971],{"class":66},[44,5036,343],{"class":62},[44,5038,83],{"class":58},[44,5040,3978],{"class":1400},[44,5042,5043],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,5045,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,5047,154],{"class":153},[44,5049,157],{"class":58},[44,5051,3840],{"class":153},[44,5053,157],{"class":58},[44,5055,3145],{"class":111},[44,5057,4381],{"class":54},[44,5059,3959],{"class":95},[44,5061,4003],{"class":4002},[44,5063,4006],{"class":111},[44,5065,4009],{"class":4002},[44,5067,3746],{"class":58},[44,5069,3108],{"class":95},[44,5071,83],{"class":58},[44,5073,1012],{"class":95},[44,5075,83],{"class":58},[44,5077,1017],{"class":95},[44,5079,3119],{"class":58},[44,5081,5082,5084,5086,5088],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,5083,154],{"class":153},[44,5085,157],{"class":58},[44,5087,3840],{"class":153},[44,5089,4558],{"class":58},[30,5091,1551,5093],{"id":5092},"when-to-use-all",[15,5094,3700],{},[20,5096,5097,5099],{},[15,5098,3700],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5101,5102],{},"Common use cases:",[192,5104,5105,5108,5111],{},[195,5106,5107],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[195,5109,5110],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[195,5112,5113],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5115,5116],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,5118,5120],{"className":37,"code":5119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5121,5122,5158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5123,5124,5127,5129,5131,5133,5136,5138,5140,5142,5145,5147,5149,5151,5154,5156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5125,5126],{"class":50},"names ",[44,5128,55],{"class":54},[44,5130,3746],{"class":58},[44,5132,343],{"class":62},[44,5134,5135],{"class":66},"Alice",[44,5137,343],{"class":62},[44,5139,83],{"class":58},[44,5141,352],{"class":62},[44,5143,5144],{"class":66},"Bob",[44,5146,343],{"class":62},[44,5148,83],{"class":58},[44,5150,352],{"class":62},[44,5152,5153],{"class":66},"Charlie",[44,5155,343],{"class":62},[44,5157,3759],{"class":58},[44,5159,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5171],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5161,154],{"class":153},[44,5163,157],{"class":58},[44,5165,3840],{"class":153},[44,5167,157],{"class":58},[44,5169,5170],{"class":111},"names",[44,5172,1869],{"class":58},[20,5174,330],{},[35,5176,5177],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5178,5179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5180,5181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5182,4107],{"class":1400},[20,5184,5185],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,5187,5189],{"className":37,"code":5188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5190,5191,5214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5192,5193,5195,5197,5199,5202,5204,5207,5209,5212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5194,811],{"class":50},[44,5196,55],{"class":54},[44,5198,3746],{"class":58},[44,5200,5201],{"class":95},"75",[44,5203,83],{"class":58},[44,5205,5206],{"class":95}," 80",[44,5208,83],{"class":58},[44,5210,5211],{"class":95}," 50",[44,5213,3759],{"class":58},[44,5215,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5227,5230,5232,5234,5237,5239,5242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5217,154],{"class":153},[44,5219,157],{"class":58},[44,5221,3840],{"class":153},[44,5223,157],{"class":58},[44,5225,5226],{"class":111},"score ",[44,5228,5229],{"class":54},">=",[44,5231,5211],{"class":95},[44,5233,4003],{"class":4002},[44,5235,5236],{"class":111}," score ",[44,5238,4009],{"class":4002},[44,5240,5241],{"class":111}," scores",[44,5243,1869],{"class":58},[20,5245,330],{},[35,5247,5248],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5249,5250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5251,5252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5253,4107],{"class":1400},[20,5255,5256],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5258,5259,5260,4523,5264,108],{},"For related tasks, see ",[395,5261,5263],{"href":5262},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[395,5265,5267],{"href":5266},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,5269,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,5271,5273,5274,5276],{"id":5272},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5275,3700],{}," return in Python?",[20,5278,214,5279,5281,5282,5284],{},[15,5280,3726],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5283,3799],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1960,5286,5288,5289,5291,5292,2610],{"id":5287},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5290,3723],{}," return ",[15,5293,3726],{},[20,5295,5296],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1960,5298,1984,5300,5302],{"id":5299},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5301,3700],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5304,5305],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1960,5307,2007,5309,4523,5311,2610],{"id":5308},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5310,3700],{},[15,5312,5313],{},"any()",[20,5315,5316,5318,5319,5321,5322,108],{},[15,5317,3700],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5320,5313],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[395,5323,3697,5325,3630],{"href":5324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5326,5313],{},[30,5328,2020],{"id":2019},[192,5330,5331,5337,5341,5346,5351,5356],{},[195,5332,5333],{},[395,5334,3697,5335,3630],{"href":5324},[15,5336,5313],{},[195,5338,5339],{},[395,5340,3932],{"href":3931},[195,5342,5343],{},[395,5344,5345],{"href":5266},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[195,5347,5348],{},[395,5349,5350],{"href":5262},"How to filter a list in Python",[195,5352,5353],{},[395,5354,5355],{"href":4521},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[195,5357,5358],{},[395,5359,5360],{"href":4526},"What is an iterable in Python",[2048,5362,5363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":5365},[5366,5367,5369,5370,5375,5377,5378,5387,5389,5399],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":3802,"depth":102,"text":5368},"What all() does",{"id":3853,"depth":102,"text":3854},{"id":4058,"depth":102,"text":4059,"children":5371},[5372,5373,5374],{"id":4062,"depth":150,"text":4063},{"id":4123,"depth":150,"text":4124},{"id":4187,"depth":150,"text":4188},{"id":4326,"depth":102,"text":5376},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4530,"depth":102,"text":4531},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":5379},[5380,5381,5383,5385],{"id":4652,"depth":150,"text":4653},{"id":4709,"depth":150,"text":5382},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4835,"depth":150,"text":5384},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4911,"depth":150,"text":5386},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5092,"depth":102,"text":5388},"When to use all()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":5390},[5391,5393,5395,5397],{"id":5272,"depth":150,"text":5392},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5287,"depth":150,"text":5394},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5299,"depth":150,"text":5396},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5308,"depth":150,"text":5398},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3691,"description":5400},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5407,"title":5408,"body":5409,"description":7098,"extension":2080,"meta":7099,"navigation":682,"path":5324,"seo":7100,"stem":7101,"__hash__":7102},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5410,"toc":7076},[5411,5414,5422,5425,5442,5450,5494,5503,5507,5512,5515,5532,5535,5546,5558,5562,5565,5580,5585,5588,5600,5603,5686,5689,5710,5716,5718,5726,5740,5742,5776,5778,5781,5842,5844,5861,5864,5891,5893,5901,5913,5917,5920,5959,5961,5969,5971,5987,5995,5998,6041,6043,6051,6056,6060,6068,6071,6098,6101,6104,6177,6179,6187,6194,6218,6229,6232,6311,6313,6321,6328,6332,6337,6352,6354,6362,6365,6371,6374,6420,6422,6439,6443,6448,6459,6462,6576,6579,6638,6644,6646,6651,6655,6657,6676,6682,6685,6704,6708,6717,6744,6746,6754,6762,6766,6772,6795,6797,6805,6812,6816,6819,6870,6873,6924,6927,6929,6933,6940,6944,6951,6955,6963,6967,6970,6992,6994,7044,7046,7073],[10,5412,5408],{"id":5413},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5415,5416,5418,5419,108],{},[15,5417,5313],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3868,5420,5421],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5423,5424],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[192,5426,5427,5430,5433,5436,5439],{},[195,5428,5429],{},"lists",[195,5431,5432],{},"tuples",[195,5434,5435],{},"sets",[195,5437,5438],{},"strings",[195,5440,5441],{},"generator expressions",[20,5443,5444,5445,2997,5447,5449],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5446,3726],{},[15,5448,3799],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,5451,5453],{"className":37,"code":5452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5454,5455,5475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5456,5457,5459,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5458,3948],{"class":50},[44,5460,55],{"class":54},[44,5462,3746],{"class":58},[44,5464,2237],{"class":95},[44,5466,83],{"class":58},[44,5468,3964],{"class":62},[44,5470,83],{"class":58},[44,5472,4736],{"class":95},[44,5474,3759],{"class":58},[44,5476,5477,5479,5481,5484,5486,5489,5492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5478,154],{"class":153},[44,5480,157],{"class":58},[44,5482,5483],{"class":153},"any",[44,5485,157],{"class":58},[44,5487,5488],{"class":111},"values",[44,5490,5491],{"class":58},"))",[44,5493,3789],{"class":168},[20,5495,172,5496,5499,5500,5502],{},[15,5497,5498],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5501,3726],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5504,5506],{"id":5505},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5508,5509,5511],{},[15,5510,5313],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5513,5514],{},"It returns:",[192,5516,5517,5522,5527],{},[195,5518,5519,5521],{},[15,5520,3726],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[195,5523,5524,5526],{},[15,5525,3799],{}," if all items are falsy",[195,5528,5529,5531],{},[15,5530,3799],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5533,5534],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[192,5536,5537,5540,5543],{},[195,5538,5539],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[195,5541,5542],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[195,5544,5545],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5547,5548,5549,5552,5553,108],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3868,5550,5551],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[395,5554,5556],{"href":5555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5557,3700],{},[30,5559,5561],{"id":5560},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5563,5564],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5566,5568],{"className":37,"code":5567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5569,5570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5571,5572,5574,5576,5578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5573,5483],{"class":153},[44,5575,157],{"class":58},[44,5577,3845],{"class":111},[44,5579,162],{"class":58},[20,5581,5582,5583,108],{},"The argument must be an ",[3868,5584,3845],{},[20,5586,5587],{},"Common inputs include:",[192,5589,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598],{},[195,5591,5429],{},[195,5593,5432],{},[195,5595,5435],{},[195,5597,5438],{},[195,5599,5441],{},[20,5601,5602],{},"For example:",[35,5604,5606],{"className":37,"code":5605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5607,5608,5630,5649,5668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5609,5610,5612,5614,5616,5618,5620,5622,5624,5626,5628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5611,154],{"class":153},[44,5613,157],{"class":58},[44,5615,5483],{"class":153},[44,5617,3105],{"class":58},[44,5619,2237],{"class":95},[44,5621,83],{"class":58},[44,5623,3959],{"class":95},[44,5625,83],{"class":58},[44,5627,504],{"class":95},[44,5629,3119],{"class":58},[44,5631,5632,5634,5636,5638,5641,5643,5645,5647],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5633,154],{"class":153},[44,5635,157],{"class":58},[44,5637,5483],{"class":153},[44,5639,5640],{"class":58},"((",[44,5642,3799],{"class":1400},[44,5644,83],{"class":58},[44,5646,4034],{"class":1400},[44,5648,3031],{"class":58},[44,5650,5651,5653,5655,5657,5659,5661,5663,5665],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,5652,154],{"class":153},[44,5654,157],{"class":58},[44,5656,5483],{"class":153},[44,5658,115],{"class":58},[44,5660,2237],{"class":95},[44,5662,83],{"class":58},[44,5664,1012],{"class":95},[44,5666,5667],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,5669,5670,5672,5674,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,5671,154],{"class":153},[44,5673,157],{"class":58},[44,5675,5483],{"class":153},[44,5677,157],{"class":58},[44,5679,63],{"class":62},[44,5681,3971],{"class":66},[44,5683,63],{"class":62},[44,5685,1869],{"class":58},[20,5687,5688],{},"Expected output:",[35,5690,5692],{"className":37,"code":5691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5693,5694,5698,5702,5706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5695,5696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5697,4107],{"class":1400},[44,5699,5700],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5701,4168],{"class":1400},[44,5703,5704],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,5705,4107],{"class":1400},[44,5707,5708],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,5709,4107],{"class":1400},[20,5711,5712,5713,108],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[395,5714,5267],{"href":5715},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,5717,3854],{"id":3853},[20,5719,3857,5720,2997,5723,3862],{},[3868,5721,5722],{},"truthy",[3868,5724,5725],{},"falsy",[192,5727,5728,5734],{},[195,5729,5730,3871,5732],{},[3868,5731,3870],{},[15,5733,3726],{},[195,5735,5736,3871,5738],{},[3868,5737,3878],{},[15,5739,3799],{},[20,5741,3883],{},[192,5743,5744,5748,5752,5756,5760,5764,5768,5772],{},[195,5745,5746],{},[15,5747,3799],{},[195,5749,5750],{},[15,5751,2237],{},[195,5753,5754],{},[15,5755,3894],{},[195,5757,5758],{},[15,5759,3899],{},[195,5761,5762],{},[15,5763,3912],{},[195,5765,5766],{},[15,5767,3917],{},[195,5769,5770],{},[15,5771,3922],{},[195,5773,5774],{},[15,5775,217],{},[20,5777,3925],{},[20,5779,5780],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5782,5784],{"className":37,"code":5783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5785,5786,5800,5818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5787,5788,5790,5792,5794,5796,5798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5789,154],{"class":153},[44,5791,157],{"class":58},[44,5793,5483],{"class":153},[44,5795,3105],{"class":58},[44,5797,3108],{"class":95},[44,5799,3119],{"class":58},[44,5801,5802,5804,5806,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5803,154],{"class":153},[44,5805,157],{"class":58},[44,5807,5483],{"class":153},[44,5809,3105],{"class":58},[44,5811,343],{"class":62},[44,5813,3971],{"class":66},[44,5815,343],{"class":62},[44,5817,3119],{"class":58},[44,5819,5820,5822,5824,5826,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,5821,154],{"class":153},[44,5823,157],{"class":58},[44,5825,5483],{"class":153},[44,5827,5828],{"class":58},"([[",[44,5830,3108],{"class":95},[44,5832,83],{"class":58},[44,5834,1012],{"class":95},[44,5836,83],{"class":58},[44,5838,1017],{"class":95},[44,5840,5841],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,5843,5688],{},[35,5845,5847],{"className":37,"code":5846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5848,5849,5853,5857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5850,5851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5852,4107],{"class":1400},[44,5854,5855],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5856,4107],{"class":1400},[44,5858,5859],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,5860,4107],{"class":1400},[20,5862,5863],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5865,5867],{"className":37,"code":5866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5868,5869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5870,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5872,154],{"class":153},[44,5874,157],{"class":58},[44,5876,5483],{"class":153},[44,5878,3105],{"class":58},[44,5880,2237],{"class":95},[44,5882,83],{"class":58},[44,5884,3964],{"class":62},[44,5886,83],{"class":58},[44,5888,3978],{"class":1400},[44,5890,3119],{"class":58},[20,5892,5688],{},[35,5894,5895],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5896,5897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5898,5899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5900,4168],{"class":1400},[20,5902,5903,5904,4523,5907,108],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[395,5905,3932],{"href":5906},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[395,5908,5910,5912],{"href":5909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5911,3938],{}," explained",[30,5914,5916],{"id":5915},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5918,5919],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5921,5923],{"className":37,"code":5922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5924,5925,5945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5926,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5928,3948],{"class":50},[44,5930,55],{"class":54},[44,5932,3746],{"class":58},[44,5934,2237],{"class":95},[44,5936,83],{"class":58},[44,5938,3964],{"class":62},[44,5940,83],{"class":58},[44,5942,4736],{"class":95},[44,5944,3759],{"class":58},[44,5946,5947,5949,5951,5953,5955,5957],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,5948,154],{"class":153},[44,5950,157],{"class":58},[44,5952,5483],{"class":153},[44,5954,157],{"class":58},[44,5956,5488],{"class":111},[44,5958,1869],{"class":58},[20,5960,330],{},[35,5962,5963],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5964,5965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5966,5967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5968,4107],{"class":1400},[20,5970,4571],{},[192,5972,5973,5978,5982],{},[195,5974,5975,5977],{},[15,5976,2237],{}," is falsy",[195,5979,5980,5977],{},[15,5981,3899],{},[195,5983,5984,5986],{},[15,5985,2254],{}," is truthy",[20,5988,5989,5990,1298,5993,108],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5991,5992],{},"any(values)",[15,5994,3726],{},[20,5996,5997],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5999,6001],{"className":37,"code":6000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6002,6003,6027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6004,6005,6007,6009,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6006,3948],{"class":50},[44,6008,55],{"class":54},[44,6010,3746],{"class":58},[44,6012,2237],{"class":95},[44,6014,83],{"class":58},[44,6016,3964],{"class":62},[44,6018,83],{"class":58},[44,6020,3978],{"class":1400},[44,6022,83],{"class":58},[44,6024,4034],{"class":1400},[44,6026,3759],{"class":58},[44,6028,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6030,154],{"class":153},[44,6032,157],{"class":58},[44,6034,5483],{"class":153},[44,6036,157],{"class":58},[44,6038,5488],{"class":111},[44,6040,1869],{"class":58},[20,6042,330],{},[35,6044,6045],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6046,6047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6048,6049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6050,4168],{"class":1400},[20,6052,6053,6054,108],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6055,3799],{},[30,6057,6059],{"id":6058},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6061,6062,6064,6065,108],{},[15,6063,5313],{}," is often used with a ",[3868,6066,6067],{},"generator expression",[20,6069,6070],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,6072,6074],{"className":37,"code":6073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6075,6076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6077,6078,6080,6082,6085,6088,6091,6093,6096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6079,5483],{"class":153},[44,6081,157],{"class":58},[44,6083,6084],{"class":111},"condition ",[44,6086,6087],{"class":4002},"for",[44,6089,6090],{"class":111}," item ",[44,6092,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6094,6095],{"class":111}," items",[44,6097,162],{"class":58},[20,6099,6100],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6102,6103],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,6105,6107],{"className":37,"code":6106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6108,6109,6136,6140,6167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6110,6111,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121,6124,6126,6128,6130,6132,6134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6112,3741],{"class":50},[44,6114,55],{"class":54},[44,6116,3746],{"class":58},[44,6118,2623],{"class":95},[44,6120,83],{"class":58},[44,6122,6123],{"class":95}," 7",[44,6125,83],{"class":58},[44,6127,2340],{"class":54},[44,6129,2173],{"class":95},[44,6131,83],{"class":58},[44,6133,528],{"class":95},[44,6135,3759],{"class":58},[44,6137,6138],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6139,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,6141,6142,6144,6146,6149,6151,6153,6155,6157,6159,6161,6163,6165],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,6143,1340],{"class":50},[44,6145,55],{"class":54},[44,6147,6148],{"class":153}," any",[44,6150,157],{"class":58},[44,6152,3145],{"class":111},[44,6154,3411],{"class":54},[44,6156,3959],{"class":95},[44,6158,4003],{"class":4002},[44,6160,4006],{"class":111},[44,6162,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6164,4392],{"class":111},[44,6166,162],{"class":58},[44,6168,6169,6171,6173,6175],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,6170,154],{"class":153},[44,6172,157],{"class":58},[44,6174,1376],{"class":111},[44,6176,162],{"class":58},[20,6178,330],{},[35,6180,6181],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6182,6183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6184,6185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6186,4107],{"class":1400},[20,6188,6189,6190,6193],{},"This works because ",[15,6191,6192],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[192,6195,6196,6204,6211],{},[195,6197,6198,6201,6202],{},[15,6199,6200],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6203,3799],{},[195,6205,6206,6201,6209],{},[15,6207,6208],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6210,3799],{},[195,6212,6213,6201,6216],{},[15,6214,6215],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6217,3726],{},[20,6219,6220,6221,6223,6224,6226,6227,108],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6222,3726],{}," result, ",[15,6225,5313],{}," can return ",[15,6228,3726],{},[20,6230,6231],{},"Here is another example:",[35,6233,6235],{"className":37,"code":6234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6236,6237,6266,6270,6300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6238,6239,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6240,4198],{"class":50},[44,6242,55],{"class":54},[44,6244,3746],{"class":58},[44,6246,63],{"class":62},[44,6248,4207],{"class":66},[44,6250,63],{"class":62},[44,6252,83],{"class":58},[44,6254,6255],{"class":62}," \"\"",[44,6257,83],{"class":58},[44,6259,75],{"class":62},[44,6261,4216],{"class":66},[44,6263,63],{"class":62},[44,6265,3759],{"class":58},[44,6267,6268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6269,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,6271,6272,6275,6277,6279,6281,6284,6286,6288,6290,6293,6295,6298],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,6273,6274],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,6276,55],{"class":54},[44,6278,6148],{"class":153},[44,6280,157],{"class":58},[44,6282,6283],{"class":111},"word ",[44,6285,4820],{"class":54},[44,6287,6255],{"class":62},[44,6289,4003],{"class":4002},[44,6291,6292],{"class":111}," word ",[44,6294,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6296,6297],{"class":111}," words",[44,6299,162],{"class":58},[44,6301,6302,6304,6306,6309],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,6303,154],{"class":153},[44,6305,157],{"class":58},[44,6307,6308],{"class":111},"has_empty_string",[44,6310,162],{"class":58},[20,6312,330],{},[35,6314,6315],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6316,6317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6318,6319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6320,4107],{"class":1400},[20,6322,6323,6324,108],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[395,6325,6327],{"href":6326},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,6329,6331],{"id":6330},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6333,6334,6335,72],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6336,3799],{},[35,6338,6340],{"className":37,"code":6339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6341,6342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6343,6344,6346,6348,6350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6345,154],{"class":153},[44,6347,157],{"class":58},[44,6349,5483],{"class":153},[44,6351,4558],{"class":58},[20,6353,330],{},[35,6355,6356],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6357,6358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6359,6360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6361,4168],{"class":1400},[20,6363,6364],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6366,6367,6368,6370],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6369,5313],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6372,6373],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,6375,6377],{"className":37,"code":6376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6378,6379,6389,6404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6380,6381,6383,6385,6387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6382,154],{"class":153},[44,6384,157],{"class":58},[44,6386,5483],{"class":153},[44,6388,4616],{"class":58},[44,6390,6391,6393,6395,6397,6399,6402],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6392,154],{"class":153},[44,6394,157],{"class":58},[44,6396,5483],{"class":153},[44,6398,157],{"class":58},[44,6400,6401],{"class":62},"\"\"",[44,6403,1869],{"class":58},[44,6405,6406,6408,6410,6412,6414,6417],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,6407,154],{"class":153},[44,6409,157],{"class":58},[44,6411,5483],{"class":153},[44,6413,157],{"class":58},[44,6415,6416],{"class":1861},"set",[44,6418,6419],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,6421,330],{},[35,6423,6425],{"className":37,"code":6424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6426,6427,6431,6435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6428,6429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6430,4168],{"class":1400},[44,6432,6433],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6434,4168],{"class":1400},[44,6436,6437],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,6438,4168],{"class":1400},[30,6440,6442],{"id":6441},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6444,172,6445,6447],{},[15,6446,5313],{}," when you want to:",[192,6449,6450,6453,6456],{},[195,6451,6452],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[195,6454,6455],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[195,6457,6458],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6460,6461],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,6463,6465],{"className":37,"code":6464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6466,6467,6492,6496,6506,6510,6524,6543,6553,6559,6564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6468,6469,6471,6473,6475,6477,6479,6481,6483,6485,6487,6490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6470,3741],{"class":50},[44,6472,55],{"class":54},[44,6474,3746],{"class":58},[44,6476,3108],{"class":95},[44,6478,83],{"class":58},[44,6480,1017],{"class":95},[44,6482,83],{"class":58},[44,6484,4736],{"class":95},[44,6486,83],{"class":58},[44,6488,6489],{"class":95}," 8",[44,6491,3759],{"class":58},[44,6493,6494],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6495,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,6497,6498,6501,6503],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,6499,6500],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6502,55],{"class":54},[44,6504,6505],{"class":1400}," False\n",[44,6507,6508],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,6509,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,6511,6512,6514,6517,6519,6521],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,6513,6087],{"class":4002},[44,6515,6516],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6518,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6520,4392],{"class":50},[44,6522,6523],{"class":58},":\n",[44,6525,6526,6529,6531,6534,6536,6539,6541],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,6527,6528],{"class":4002},"    if",[44,6530,6516],{"class":50},[44,6532,6533],{"class":54},"%",[44,6535,1012],{"class":95},[44,6537,6538],{"class":54}," ==",[44,6540,3959],{"class":95},[44,6542,6523],{"class":58},[44,6544,6545,6548,6550],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,6546,6547],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6549,55],{"class":54},[44,6551,6552],{"class":1400}," True\n",[44,6554,6556],{"class":46,"line":6555},8,[44,6557,6558],{"class":4002},"        break\n",[44,6560,6562],{"class":46,"line":6561},9,[44,6563,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,6565,6567,6569,6571,6574],{"class":46,"line":6566},10,[44,6568,154],{"class":153},[44,6570,157],{"class":58},[44,6572,6573],{"class":111},"found_even",[44,6575,162],{"class":58},[20,6577,6578],{},"You can write:",[35,6580,6582],{"className":37,"code":6581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6583,6584,6608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6585,6586,6588,6590,6592,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604,6606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6587,3741],{"class":50},[44,6589,55],{"class":54},[44,6591,3746],{"class":58},[44,6593,3108],{"class":95},[44,6595,83],{"class":58},[44,6597,1017],{"class":95},[44,6599,83],{"class":58},[44,6601,4736],{"class":95},[44,6603,83],{"class":58},[44,6605,6489],{"class":95},[44,6607,3759],{"class":58},[44,6609,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6611,154],{"class":153},[44,6613,157],{"class":58},[44,6615,5483],{"class":153},[44,6617,157],{"class":58},[44,6619,2335],{"class":111},[44,6621,6533],{"class":54},[44,6623,1012],{"class":95},[44,6625,6538],{"class":54},[44,6627,3959],{"class":95},[44,6629,4003],{"class":4002},[44,6631,6516],{"class":111},[44,6633,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6635,4392],{"class":111},[44,6637,1869],{"class":58},[20,6639,6640,6641,6643],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6642,5313],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,6645,4649],{"id":4648},[20,6647,6648,6649,108],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6650,5313],{},[1960,6652,6654],{"id":6653},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6656,4656],{},[35,6658,6660],{"className":37,"code":6659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6661,6662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6663,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6665,154],{"class":153},[44,6667,157],{"class":58},[44,6669,5483],{"class":153},[44,6671,157],{"class":58},[44,6673,2254],{"class":95},[44,6675,1869],{"class":58},[20,6677,6678,6679,6681],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6680,2254],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6683,6684],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,6686,6688],{"className":37,"code":6687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6689,6690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6691,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6693,154],{"class":153},[44,6695,157],{"class":58},[44,6697,5483],{"class":153},[44,6699,3105],{"class":58},[44,6701,2254],{"class":95},[44,6703,3119],{"class":58},[1960,6705,6707],{"id":6706},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6709,6710,6712,6713,6716],{},[15,6711,5313],{}," needs only ",[3868,6714,6715],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,6718,6720],{"className":37,"code":6719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6721,6722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6723,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6725,154],{"class":153},[44,6727,157],{"class":58},[44,6729,5483],{"class":153},[44,6731,3105],{"class":58},[44,6733,3799],{"class":1400},[44,6735,83],{"class":58},[44,6737,4034],{"class":1400},[44,6739,83],{"class":58},[44,6741,4043],{"class":1400},[44,6743,3119],{"class":58},[20,6745,330],{},[35,6747,6748],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6749,6750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6751,6752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6753,4107],{"class":1400},[20,6755,6756,6757,6761],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[395,6758,6759],{"href":5555},[15,6760,3700],{}," instead.",[1960,6763,6765],{"id":6764},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6767,6768,6769,108],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6770,6771],{},"\"True\"",[35,6773,6775],{"className":37,"code":6774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6776,6777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6778,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6780,154],{"class":153},[44,6782,157],{"class":58},[44,6784,5483],{"class":153},[44,6786,3105],{"class":58},[44,6788,63],{"class":62},[44,6790,3799],{"class":66},[44,6792,63],{"class":62},[44,6794,3119],{"class":58},[20,6796,330],{},[35,6798,6799],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6800,6801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6802,6803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6804,4107],{"class":1400},[20,6806,6807,6808,6811],{},"That is because ",[15,6809,6810],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1960,6813,6815],{"id":6814},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6817,6818],{},"This works:",[35,6820,6822],{"className":37,"code":6821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6823,6824,6844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6825,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6827,3741],{"class":50},[44,6829,55],{"class":54},[44,6831,3746],{"class":58},[44,6833,3108],{"class":95},[44,6835,83],{"class":58},[44,6837,1012],{"class":95},[44,6839,83],{"class":58},[44,6841,1017],{"class":95},[44,6843,3759],{"class":58},[44,6845,6846,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858,6860,6862,6864,6866,6868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6847,154],{"class":153},[44,6849,157],{"class":58},[44,6851,5483],{"class":153},[44,6853,3105],{"class":58},[44,6855,3145],{"class":111},[44,6857,4381],{"class":54},[44,6859,1012],{"class":95},[44,6861,4003],{"class":4002},[44,6863,4006],{"class":111},[44,6865,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6867,4392],{"class":111},[44,6869,3119],{"class":58},[20,6871,6872],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6874,6876],{"className":37,"code":6875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6877,6878,6898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6879,6880,6882,6884,6886,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6881,3741],{"class":50},[44,6883,55],{"class":54},[44,6885,3746],{"class":58},[44,6887,3108],{"class":95},[44,6889,83],{"class":58},[44,6891,1012],{"class":95},[44,6893,83],{"class":58},[44,6895,1017],{"class":95},[44,6897,3759],{"class":58},[44,6899,6900,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910,6912,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,6901,154],{"class":153},[44,6903,157],{"class":58},[44,6905,5483],{"class":153},[44,6907,157],{"class":58},[44,6909,3145],{"class":111},[44,6911,4381],{"class":54},[44,6913,1012],{"class":95},[44,6915,4003],{"class":4002},[44,6917,4006],{"class":111},[44,6919,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6921,4392],{"class":111},[44,6923,1869],{"class":58},[20,6925,6926],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6928,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,6930,6932],{"id":6931},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6934,214,6935,6937,6938,108],{},[15,6936,3726],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6939,3799],{},[1960,6941,6943],{"id":6942},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6945,6946,1298,6948,6950],{},[15,6947,5313],{},[15,6949,3799],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1960,6952,6954],{"id":6953},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6956,6957,6959,6960,6962],{},[15,6958,5313],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6961,3700],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1960,6964,6966],{"id":6965},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6968,6969],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6971,6972],{"className":37,"code":6073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6973,6974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6975,6976,6978,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6977,5483],{"class":153},[44,6979,157],{"class":58},[44,6981,6084],{"class":111},[44,6983,6087],{"class":4002},[44,6985,6090],{"class":111},[44,6987,4009],{"class":4002},[44,6989,6095],{"class":111},[44,6991,162],{"class":58},[20,6993,5602],{},[35,6995,6996],{"className":37,"code":6875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6997,6998,7018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6999,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014,7016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7001,3741],{"class":50},[44,7003,55],{"class":54},[44,7005,3746],{"class":58},[44,7007,3108],{"class":95},[44,7009,83],{"class":58},[44,7011,1012],{"class":95},[44,7013,83],{"class":58},[44,7015,1017],{"class":95},[44,7017,3759],{"class":58},[44,7019,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7021,154],{"class":153},[44,7023,157],{"class":58},[44,7025,5483],{"class":153},[44,7027,157],{"class":58},[44,7029,3145],{"class":111},[44,7031,4381],{"class":54},[44,7033,1012],{"class":95},[44,7035,4003],{"class":4002},[44,7037,4006],{"class":111},[44,7039,4009],{"class":4002},[44,7041,4392],{"class":111},[44,7043,1869],{"class":58},[30,7045,2020],{"id":2019},[192,7047,7048,7054,7058,7062,7067],{},[195,7049,7050],{},[395,7051,7052,3630],{"href":5555},[15,7053,3700],{},[195,7055,7056],{},[395,7057,3932],{"href":5906},[195,7059,7060],{},[395,7061,5345],{"href":5715},[195,7063,7064],{},[395,7065,7066],{"href":6326},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[195,7068,7069],{},[395,7070,7071,3630],{"href":5909},[15,7072,3938],{},[2048,7074,7075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":7077},[7078,7079,7080,7081,7082,7083,7084,7085,7091,7097],{"id":5505,"depth":102,"text":5506},{"id":5560,"depth":102,"text":5561},{"id":3853,"depth":102,"text":3854},{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":6058,"depth":102,"text":6059},{"id":6330,"depth":102,"text":6331},{"id":6441,"depth":102,"text":6442},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":7086},[7087,7088,7089,7090],{"id":6653,"depth":150,"text":6654},{"id":6706,"depth":150,"text":6707},{"id":6764,"depth":150,"text":6765},{"id":6814,"depth":150,"text":6815},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":7092},[7093,7094,7095,7096],{"id":6931,"depth":150,"text":6932},{"id":6942,"depth":150,"text":6943},{"id":6953,"depth":150,"text":6954},{"id":6965,"depth":150,"text":6966},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5408,"description":7098},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7104,"title":7105,"body":7106,"description":9234,"extension":2080,"meta":9235,"navigation":682,"path":9236,"seo":9237,"stem":9238,"__hash__":9239},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7107,"toc":9197},[7108,7111,7120,7130,7132,7229,7231,7260,7276,7280,7285,7288,7298,7304,7310,7326,7328,7336,7343,7347,7350,7365,7370,7388,7393,7395,7443,7445,7462,7466,7472,7475,7510,7512,7618,7620,7657,7661,7669,7671,7691,7693,7812,7814,7843,7846,7869,7871,7879,7887,7891,7897,7901,7943,7945,7953,7956,7984,7986,7994,7998,8027,8029,8037,8069,8071,8079,8083,8134,8136,8144,8152,8156,8159,8212,8214,8234,8241,8245,8251,8254,8262,8284,8286,8294,8302,8325,8327,8335,8340,8345,8357,8359,8400,8411,8415,8424,8427,8430,8489,8492,8544,8547,8552,8568,8574,8576,8581,8589,8592,8614,8616,8624,8629,8632,8667,8669,8677,8681,8686,8724,8736,8739,8793,8801,8805,8808,8830,8839,8842,8883,8885,8908,8914,8920,8935,8937,8956,8959,8978,8980,8999,9003,9009,9088,9091,9105,9112,9114,9118,9125,9129,9133,9137,9142,9146,9151,9155,9162,9164,9194],[10,7109,7105],{"id":7110},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7112,22,7113,7115,7116,2997,7118,108],{},[15,7114,3938],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7117,3726],{},[15,7119,3799],{},[20,7121,7122,7123,7125,7126,7129],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7124,3938],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7127,7128],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[30,7131,3731],{"id":3730},[35,7133,7135],{"className":37,"code":7134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7136,7137,7151,7165,7179,7197,7207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7138,7139,7141,7143,7145,7147,7149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7140,154],{"class":153},[44,7142,157],{"class":58},[44,7144,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7146,157],{"class":58},[44,7148,2237],{"class":95},[44,7150,1869],{"class":58},[44,7152,7153,7155,7157,7159,7161,7163],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7154,154],{"class":153},[44,7156,157],{"class":58},[44,7158,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7160,157],{"class":58},[44,7162,3108],{"class":95},[44,7164,1869],{"class":58},[44,7166,7167,7169,7171,7173,7175,7177],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7168,154],{"class":153},[44,7170,157],{"class":58},[44,7172,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7174,157],{"class":58},[44,7176,6401],{"class":62},[44,7178,1869],{"class":58},[44,7180,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,7182,154],{"class":153},[44,7184,157],{"class":58},[44,7186,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7188,157],{"class":58},[44,7190,63],{"class":62},[44,7192,3971],{"class":66},[44,7194,63],{"class":62},[44,7196,1869],{"class":58},[44,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,7200,154],{"class":153},[44,7202,157],{"class":58},[44,7204,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7206,4558],{"class":58},[44,7208,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,7210,154],{"class":153},[44,7212,157],{"class":58},[44,7214,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7216,3105],{"class":58},[44,7218,3108],{"class":95},[44,7220,83],{"class":58},[44,7222,1012],{"class":95},[44,7224,83],{"class":58},[44,7226,1017],{"class":95},[44,7228,3119],{"class":58},[20,7230,5688],{},[35,7232,7234],{"className":37,"code":7233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7235,7236,7240,7244,7248,7252,7256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7237,7238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7239,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7241,7242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7243,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7245,7246],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7247,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7249,7250],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,7251,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7253,7254],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,7255,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7257,7258],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,7259,4107],{"class":1400},[20,7261,172,7262,7265,7266,2997,7268,7270,7271,7273,7274,108],{},[15,7263,7264],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7267,3726],{},[15,7269,3799],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7272,3799],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7275,3726],{},[30,7277,7279],{"id":7278},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7281,7282,7284],{},[15,7283,3938],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7286,7287],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[192,7289,7290,7294],{},[195,7291,7292],{},[15,7293,3726],{},[195,7295,7296],{},[15,7297,3799],{},[20,7299,7300,7301,7303],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7302,7128],{}," statements.",[20,7305,7306,7307,7309],{},"You can also call ",[15,7308,3938],{}," with no argument:",[35,7311,7313],{"className":37,"code":7312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,7314,7315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7316,7317,7319,7321,7323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7318,154],{"class":153},[44,7320,157],{"class":58},[44,7322,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7324,7325],{"class":58},"())\n",[20,7327,330],{},[35,7329,7330],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7331,7332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7333,7334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7335,4168],{"class":1400},[20,7337,7338,7339,108],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[395,7340,7342],{"href":7341},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,7344,7346],{"id":7345},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7348,7349],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,7351,7353],{"className":37,"code":7352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,7354,7355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7356,7357,7359,7361,7363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7358,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7360,157],{"class":58},[44,7362,2590],{"class":111},[44,7364,162],{"class":58},[20,7366,22,7367,7369],{},[15,7368,2590],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[192,7371,7372,7374,7376,7378,7380,7383,7385],{},[195,7373,3773],{},[195,7375,5438],{},[195,7377,5429],{},[195,7379,5432],{},[195,7381,7382],{},"dictionaries",[195,7384,5435],{},[195,7386,7387],{},"other objects",[20,7389,7390,7391,108],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7392,3799],{},[20,7394,223],{},[35,7396,7398],{"className":37,"code":7397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7399,7400,7414,7433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7401,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7403,154],{"class":153},[44,7405,157],{"class":58},[44,7407,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7409,157],{"class":58},[44,7411,2448],{"class":95},[44,7413,1869],{"class":58},[44,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7426,7429,7431],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7417,154],{"class":153},[44,7419,157],{"class":58},[44,7421,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7423,157],{"class":58},[44,7425,63],{"class":62},[44,7427,7428],{"class":66},"Python",[44,7430,63],{"class":62},[44,7432,1869],{"class":58},[44,7434,7435,7437,7439,7441],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7436,154],{"class":153},[44,7438,157],{"class":58},[44,7440,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7442,7325],{"class":58},[20,7444,330],{},[35,7446,7448],{"className":37,"code":7447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7449,7450,7454,7458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7451,7452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7453,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7455,7456],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7457,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7459,7460],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7461,4168],{"class":1400},[30,7463,7465],{"id":7464},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7467,7468,7469,7471],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3868,7470,5725],{}," values.",[20,7473,7474],{},"Common examples:",[192,7476,7477,7481,7485,7489,7493,7498,7502,7506],{},[195,7478,7479],{},[15,7480,2237],{},[195,7482,7483],{},[15,7484,3894],{},[195,7486,7487],{},[15,7488,6401],{},[195,7490,7491],{},[15,7492,3912],{},[195,7494,7495],{},[15,7496,7497],{},"()",[195,7499,7500],{},[15,7501,3917],{},[195,7503,7504],{},[15,7505,3922],{},[195,7507,7508],{},[15,7509,217],{},[20,7511,223],{},[35,7513,7515],{"className":37,"code":7514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7516,7517,7531,7545,7559,7569,7579,7590,7604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7518,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7520,154],{"class":153},[44,7522,157],{"class":58},[44,7524,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7526,157],{"class":58},[44,7528,2237],{"class":95},[44,7530,1869],{"class":58},[44,7532,7533,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7534,154],{"class":153},[44,7536,157],{"class":58},[44,7538,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7540,157],{"class":58},[44,7542,3894],{"class":95},[44,7544,1869],{"class":58},[44,7546,7547,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7548,154],{"class":153},[44,7550,157],{"class":58},[44,7552,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7554,157],{"class":58},[44,7556,6401],{"class":62},[44,7558,1869],{"class":58},[44,7560,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,7562,154],{"class":153},[44,7564,157],{"class":58},[44,7566,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7568,4558],{"class":58},[44,7570,7571,7573,7575,7577],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,7572,154],{"class":153},[44,7574,157],{"class":58},[44,7576,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7578,4616],{"class":58},[44,7580,7581,7583,7585,7587],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,7582,154],{"class":153},[44,7584,157],{"class":58},[44,7586,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7588,7589],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,7591,7592,7594,7596,7598,7600,7602],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,7593,154],{"class":153},[44,7595,157],{"class":58},[44,7597,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7599,157],{"class":58},[44,7601,6416],{"class":1861},[44,7603,6419],{"class":58},[44,7605,7606,7608,7610,7612,7614,7616],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,7607,154],{"class":153},[44,7609,157],{"class":58},[44,7611,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7613,157],{"class":58},[44,7615,217],{"class":1400},[44,7617,1869],{"class":58},[20,7619,330],{},[35,7621,7623],{"className":37,"code":7622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7624,7625,7629,7633,7637,7641,7645,7649,7653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7626,7627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7628,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7630,7631],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7632,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7634,7635],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7636,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7638,7639],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,7640,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7642,7643],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,7644,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7646,7647],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,7648,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7650,7651],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,7652,4168],{"class":1400},[44,7654,7655],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,7656,4168],{"class":1400},[30,7658,7660],{"id":7659},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7662,7663,7664,7666,7667,7471],{},"Many values become ",[15,7665,3726],{},". These are often called ",[3868,7668,5722],{},[20,7670,7474],{},[192,7672,7673,7676,7679,7682,7685,7688],{},[195,7674,7675],{},"non-zero numbers",[195,7677,7678],{},"non-empty strings",[195,7680,7681],{},"non-empty lists",[195,7683,7684],{},"non-empty tuples",[195,7686,7687],{},"non-empty sets",[195,7689,7690],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7692,223],{},[35,7694,7696],{"className":37,"code":7695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7697,7698,7712,7728,7746,7768,7786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7699,7700,7702,7704,7706,7708,7710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7701,154],{"class":153},[44,7703,157],{"class":58},[44,7705,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7707,157],{"class":58},[44,7709,2254],{"class":95},[44,7711,1869],{"class":58},[44,7713,7714,7716,7718,7720,7722,7724,7726],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7715,154],{"class":153},[44,7717,157],{"class":58},[44,7719,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7721,157],{"class":58},[44,7723,2138],{"class":54},[44,7725,2173],{"class":95},[44,7727,1869],{"class":58},[44,7729,7730,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7731,154],{"class":153},[44,7733,157],{"class":58},[44,7735,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7737,157],{"class":58},[44,7739,63],{"class":62},[44,7741,3971],{"class":66},[44,7743,63],{"class":62},[44,7745,1869],{"class":58},[44,7747,7748,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,7749,154],{"class":153},[44,7751,157],{"class":58},[44,7753,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7755,3105],{"class":58},[44,7757,3108],{"class":95},[44,7759,83],{"class":58},[44,7761,1012],{"class":95},[44,7763,83],{"class":58},[44,7765,1017],{"class":95},[44,7767,3119],{"class":58},[44,7769,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782,7784],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,7771,154],{"class":153},[44,7773,157],{"class":58},[44,7775,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7777,5640],{"class":58},[44,7779,3108],{"class":95},[44,7781,83],{"class":58},[44,7783,1012],{"class":95},[44,7785,3031],{"class":58},[44,7787,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808,7810],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,7789,154],{"class":153},[44,7791,157],{"class":58},[44,7793,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7795,115],{"class":58},[44,7797,63],{"class":62},[44,7799,67],{"class":66},[44,7801,63],{"class":62},[44,7803,72],{"class":58},[44,7805,75],{"class":62},[44,7807,470],{"class":66},[44,7809,63],{"class":62},[44,7811,5667],{"class":58},[20,7813,330],{},[35,7815,7817],{"className":37,"code":7816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7818,7819,7823,7827,7831,7835,7839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7820,7821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7822,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7824,7825],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7826,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7828,7829],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,7830,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7832,7833],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,7834,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7836,7837],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,7838,4107],{"class":1400},[44,7840,7841],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,7842,4107],{"class":1400},[20,7844,7845],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7847,7849],{"className":37,"code":7848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7850,7851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7852,7853,7855,7857,7859,7861,7863,7865,7867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7854,154],{"class":153},[44,7856,157],{"class":58},[44,7858,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7860,157],{"class":58},[44,7862,63],{"class":62},[44,7864,3799],{"class":66},[44,7866,63],{"class":62},[44,7868,1869],{"class":58},[20,7870,330],{},[35,7872,7873],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7874,7875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7876,7877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7878,4107],{"class":1400},[20,7880,7881,7882,7884,7885,108],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7883,6810],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7886,3726],{},[30,7888,7890],{"id":7889},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7892,7893,7894,7896],{},"You can use ",[15,7895,3938],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1960,7898,7900],{"id":7899},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7902,7904],{"className":37,"code":7903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7905,7906,7928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7907,7908,7911,7913,7915,7917,7919,7921,7923,7926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7909,7910],{"class":50},"items ",[44,7912,55],{"class":54},[44,7914,3746],{"class":58},[44,7916,2448],{"class":95},[44,7918,83],{"class":58},[44,7920,96],{"class":95},[44,7922,83],{"class":58},[44,7924,7925],{"class":95}," 30",[44,7927,3759],{"class":58},[44,7929,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7941],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7931,154],{"class":153},[44,7933,157],{"class":58},[44,7935,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7937,157],{"class":58},[44,7939,7940],{"class":111},"items",[44,7942,1869],{"class":58},[20,7944,330],{},[35,7946,7947],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7948,7949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7950,7951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7952,4107],{"class":1400},[20,7954,7955],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7957,7959],{"className":37,"code":7958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7960,7961,7970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7962,7963,7965,7967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7964,7910],{"class":50},[44,7966,55],{"class":54},[44,7968,7969],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,7971,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,7973,154],{"class":153},[44,7975,157],{"class":58},[44,7977,3993],{"class":1861},[44,7979,157],{"class":58},[44,7981,7940],{"class":111},[44,7983,1869],{"class":58},[20,7985,330],{},[35,7987,7988],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7989,7990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7991,7992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7993,4168],{"class":1400},[1960,7995,7997],{"id":7996},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7999,8001],{"className":37,"code":8000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8002,8003,8013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8004,8005,8008,8010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8006,8007],{"class":50},"name ",[44,8009,55],{"class":54},[44,8011,8012],{"class":62}," \"\"\n",[44,8014,8015,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8016,154],{"class":153},[44,8018,157],{"class":58},[44,8020,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8022,157],{"class":58},[44,8024,67],{"class":111},[44,8026,1869],{"class":58},[20,8028,330],{},[35,8030,8031],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8032,8033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8034,8035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8036,4168],{"class":1400},[35,8038,8040],{"className":37,"code":8039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8041,8042,8055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8043,8044,8046,8048,8050,8053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8045,8007],{"class":50},[44,8047,55],{"class":54},[44,8049,75],{"class":62},[44,8051,8052],{"class":66},"Mia",[44,8054,3479],{"class":62},[44,8056,8057,8059,8061,8063,8065,8067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8058,154],{"class":153},[44,8060,157],{"class":58},[44,8062,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8064,157],{"class":58},[44,8066,67],{"class":111},[44,8068,1869],{"class":58},[20,8070,330],{},[35,8072,8073],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8074,8075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8076,8077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8078,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,8080,8082],{"id":8081},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,8084,8086],{"className":37,"code":8085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8087,8088,8102,8119,8123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8089,8090,8093,8095,8097,8100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8091,8092],{"class":50},"username ",[44,8094,55],{"class":54},[44,8096,75],{"class":62},[44,8098,8099],{"class":66},"alex",[44,8101,3479],{"class":62},[44,8103,8104,8107,8109,8112,8114,8117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8105,8106],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,8108,55],{"class":54},[44,8110,8111],{"class":1861}," bool",[44,8113,157],{"class":58},[44,8115,8116],{"class":111},"username",[44,8118,162],{"class":58},[44,8120,8121],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,8122,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,8124,8125,8127,8129,8132],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,8126,154],{"class":153},[44,8128,157],{"class":58},[44,8130,8131],{"class":111},"has_name",[44,8133,162],{"class":58},[20,8135,330],{},[35,8137,8138],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8139,8140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8141,8142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8143,4107],{"class":1400},[20,8145,8146,8147,2997,8149,8151],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8148,3726],{},[15,8150,3799],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1960,8153,8155],{"id":8154},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8157,8158],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,8160,8162],{"className":37,"code":8161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8163,8164,8184,8188,8196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8165,8166,8168,8170,8172,8174,8176,8178,8180,8182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8167,3741],{"class":50},[44,8169,55],{"class":54},[44,8171,3746],{"class":58},[44,8173,3108],{"class":95},[44,8175,83],{"class":58},[44,8177,1012],{"class":95},[44,8179,83],{"class":58},[44,8181,1017],{"class":95},[44,8183,3759],{"class":58},[44,8185,8186],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8187,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,8189,8190,8192,8194],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,8191,7128],{"class":4002},[44,8193,4392],{"class":50},[44,8195,6523],{"class":58},[44,8197,8198,8201,8203,8205,8208,8210],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,8199,8200],{"class":153},"    print",[44,8202,157],{"class":58},[44,8204,63],{"class":62},[44,8206,8207],{"class":66},"The list is not empty",[44,8209,63],{"class":62},[44,8211,162],{"class":58},[20,8213,330],{},[35,8215,8217],{"className":37,"code":8216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8218,8219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8220,8221,8223,8225,8228,8231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8222,22],{"class":50},[44,8224,1878],{"class":1861},[44,8226,8227],{"class":54}," is",[44,8229,8230],{"class":54}," not",[44,8232,8233],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,8235,8236,8237,108],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[395,8238,8240],{"href":8239},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,8242,8244],{"id":8243},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8246,8247,8248,8250],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8249,3938],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8252,8253],{},"It does not do that.",[1960,8255,8257,1298,8260],{"id":8256},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8258,8259],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8261,3726],{},[35,8263,8264],{"className":37,"code":7848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8265,8266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8267,8268,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8280,8282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8269,154],{"class":153},[44,8271,157],{"class":58},[44,8273,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8275,157],{"class":58},[44,8277,63],{"class":62},[44,8279,3799],{"class":66},[44,8281,63],{"class":62},[44,8283,1869],{"class":58},[20,8285,330],{},[35,8287,8288],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8289,8290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8291,8292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8293,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,8295,8297,1298,8300],{"id":8296},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8298,8299],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8301,3726],{},[35,8303,8305],{"className":37,"code":8304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8306,8307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8308,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8310,154],{"class":153},[44,8312,157],{"class":58},[44,8314,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8316,157],{"class":58},[44,8318,63],{"class":62},[44,8320,2237],{"class":66},[44,8322,63],{"class":62},[44,8324,1869],{"class":58},[20,8326,330],{},[35,8328,8329],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8330,8331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8332,8333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8334,4107],{"class":1400},[20,8336,8337,8338,108],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3868,8339,7678],{},[20,8341,8342,8344],{},[15,8343,3938],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8346,8347,8348,8353,8354,8356],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[395,8349,8351],{"href":8350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8352,3077],{},", because ",[15,8355,3077],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8358,223],{},[35,8360,8362],{"className":37,"code":8361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8363,8364,8385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8365,8366,8369,8371,8374,8376,8378,8381,8383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8367,8368],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,8370,55],{"class":54},[44,8372,8373],{"class":153}," input",[44,8375,157],{"class":58},[44,8377,63],{"class":62},[44,8379,8380],{"class":66},"Enter True or False: ",[44,8382,63],{"class":62},[44,8384,162],{"class":58},[44,8386,8387,8389,8391,8393,8395,8398],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8388,154],{"class":153},[44,8390,157],{"class":58},[44,8392,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8394,157],{"class":58},[44,8396,8397],{"class":111},"user_value",[44,8399,1869],{"class":58},[20,8401,8402,8403,8405,8406,8353,8408,8410],{},"If the user types ",[15,8404,3799],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8407,3726],{},[15,8409,6810],{}," is not empty.",[30,8412,8414],{"id":8413},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8416,8417,8418,8420,8421,8423],{},"In many ",[15,8419,7128],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8422,3938],{}," yourself.",[20,8425,8426],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8428,8429],{},"Instead of this:",[35,8431,8433],{"className":37,"code":8432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8434,8435,8456,8460,8474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8436,8437,8440,8442,8444,8446,8448,8450,8452,8454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8438,8439],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,8441,55],{"class":54},[44,8443,3746],{"class":58},[44,8445,3108],{"class":95},[44,8447,83],{"class":58},[44,8449,1012],{"class":95},[44,8451,83],{"class":58},[44,8453,1017],{"class":95},[44,8455,3759],{"class":58},[44,8457,8458],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8459,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,8461,8462,8464,8466,8468,8471],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,8463,7128],{"class":4002},[44,8465,8111],{"class":1861},[44,8467,157],{"class":58},[44,8469,8470],{"class":111},"my_list",[44,8472,8473],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,8475,8476,8478,8480,8482,8485,8487],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,8477,8200],{"class":153},[44,8479,157],{"class":58},[44,8481,63],{"class":62},[44,8483,8484],{"class":66},"List has items",[44,8486,63],{"class":62},[44,8488,162],{"class":58},[20,8490,8491],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8493,8495],{"className":37,"code":8494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8496,8497,8517,8521,8530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8498,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8500,8439],{"class":50},[44,8502,55],{"class":54},[44,8504,3746],{"class":58},[44,8506,3108],{"class":95},[44,8508,83],{"class":58},[44,8510,1012],{"class":95},[44,8512,83],{"class":58},[44,8514,1017],{"class":95},[44,8516,3759],{"class":58},[44,8518,8519],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8520,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,8522,8523,8525,8528],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,8524,7128],{"class":4002},[44,8526,8527],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8529,6523],{"class":58},[44,8531,8532,8534,8536,8538,8540,8542],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,8533,8200],{"class":153},[44,8535,157],{"class":58},[44,8537,63],{"class":62},[44,8539,8484],{"class":66},[44,8541,63],{"class":62},[44,8543,162],{"class":58},[20,8545,8546],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8548,567,8549,8551],{},[15,8550,3938],{}," is still helpful when:",[192,8553,8554,8557,8565],{},[195,8555,8556],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[195,8558,8559,8560,2997,8562,8564],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8561,3726],{},[15,8563,3799],{}," value",[195,8566,8567],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8569,8570,8571,108],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[395,8572,8573],{"href":2416},"Python type() function explained",[30,8575,1803],{"id":1802},[20,8577,8578,8579,108],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8580,3938],{},[1960,8582,1821,8584,8586,8587],{"id":8583},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8585,8259],{}," to return ",[15,8588,3799],{},[20,8590,8591],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8593,8594],{"className":37,"code":7848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8595,8596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8597,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8599,154],{"class":153},[44,8601,157],{"class":58},[44,8603,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8605,157],{"class":58},[44,8607,63],{"class":62},[44,8609,3799],{"class":66},[44,8611,63],{"class":62},[44,8613,1869],{"class":58},[20,8615,330],{},[35,8617,8618],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8619,8620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8621,8622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8623,4107],{"class":1400},[20,8625,8626,8627,6811],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8628,6810],{},[20,8630,8631],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8633,8635],{"className":37,"code":8634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8636,8637,8649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8638,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8640,2564],{"class":50},[44,8642,55],{"class":54},[44,8644,75],{"class":62},[44,8646,3799],{"class":66},[44,8648,3479],{"class":62},[44,8650,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8652,154],{"class":153},[44,8654,157],{"class":58},[44,8656,2564],{"class":111},[44,8658,4820],{"class":54},[44,8660,75],{"class":62},[44,8662,3726],{"class":66},[44,8664,63],{"class":62},[44,8666,162],{"class":58},[20,8668,330],{},[35,8670,8671],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8672,8673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8674,8675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8676,4168],{"class":1400},[1960,8678,8680],{"id":8679},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8682,8683,8685],{},[15,8684,3077],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,8687,8689],{"className":37,"code":8688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8690,8691,8710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8692,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8706,8708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8694,2564],{"class":50},[44,8696,55],{"class":54},[44,8698,8373],{"class":153},[44,8700,157],{"class":58},[44,8702,63],{"class":62},[44,8704,8705],{"class":66},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,8707,63],{"class":62},[44,8709,162],{"class":58},[44,8711,8712,8714,8716,8718,8720,8722],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8713,154],{"class":153},[44,8715,157],{"class":58},[44,8717,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8719,157],{"class":58},[44,8721,2590],{"class":111},[44,8723,1869],{"class":58},[20,8725,8402,8726,8729,8730,8732,8733,8410],{},[15,8727,8728],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8731,3726],{}," because ",[15,8734,8735],{},"\"no\"",[20,8737,8738],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,8740,8742],{"className":37,"code":8741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8743,8744,8774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8745,8746,8748,8750,8752,8754,8756,8758,8760,8763,8766,8769,8772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8747,2564],{"class":50},[44,8749,55],{"class":54},[44,8751,8373],{"class":153},[44,8753,157],{"class":58},[44,8755,63],{"class":62},[44,8757,8705],{"class":66},[44,8759,63],{"class":62},[44,8761,8762],{"class":58},").",[44,8764,8765],{"class":111},"strip",[44,8767,8768],{"class":58},"().",[44,8770,8771],{"class":111},"lower",[44,8773,1635],{"class":58},[44,8775,8776,8778,8780,8782,8784,8786,8789,8791],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8777,154],{"class":153},[44,8779,157],{"class":58},[44,8781,2564],{"class":111},[44,8783,4820],{"class":54},[44,8785,75],{"class":62},[44,8787,8788],{"class":66},"yes",[44,8790,63],{"class":62},[44,8792,162],{"class":58},[20,8794,8795,8796,8798,8799,108],{},"This gives ",[15,8797,3726],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8800,8788],{},[1960,8802,8804],{"id":8803},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8806,8807],{},"These are different:",[192,8809,8810,8814,8818,8822,8826],{},[195,8811,8812],{},[15,8813,3799],{},[195,8815,8816],{},[15,8817,2237],{},[195,8819,8820],{},[15,8821,6401],{},[195,8823,8824],{},[15,8825,3912],{},[195,8827,8828],{},[15,8829,217],{},[20,8831,8832,8833,8835,8836,8838],{},"They all become ",[15,8834,3799],{}," with ",[15,8837,3938],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8840,8841],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8843,8845],{"className":37,"code":8844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8846,8847,8855,8869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8848,8849,8851,8853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8850,2564],{"class":50},[44,8852,55],{"class":54},[44,8854,7969],{"class":58},[44,8856,8857,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8858,154],{"class":153},[44,8860,157],{"class":58},[44,8862,1862],{"class":1861},[44,8864,157],{"class":58},[44,8866,2590],{"class":111},[44,8868,1869],{"class":58},[44,8870,8871,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,8872,154],{"class":153},[44,8874,157],{"class":58},[44,8876,3993],{"class":1861},[44,8878,157],{"class":58},[44,8880,2590],{"class":111},[44,8882,1869],{"class":58},[20,8884,330],{},[35,8886,8888],{"className":37,"code":8887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8889,8890,8904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8891,8892,8894,8896,8898,8900,8902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8893,3411],{"class":54},[44,8895,3414],{"class":2182},[44,8897,352],{"class":62},[44,8899,1878],{"class":66},[44,8901,343],{"class":62},[44,8903,3423],{"class":54},[44,8905,8906],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,8907,4168],{"class":1400},[1960,8909,567,8911,8913],{"id":8910},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8912,3917],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8915,8916,8917,8919],{},"In Python, ",[15,8918,3917],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8921,8923],{"className":37,"code":8922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8924,8925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8926,8927,8929,8931,8933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8928,154],{"class":153},[44,8930,157],{"class":58},[44,8932,1862],{"class":1861},[44,8934,7589],{"class":58},[20,8936,330],{},[35,8938,8940],{"className":37,"code":8939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8941,8942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8943,8944,8946,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8945,3411],{"class":54},[44,8947,3414],{"class":2182},[44,8949,352],{"class":62},[44,8951,1918],{"class":66},[44,8953,343],{"class":62},[44,8955,3423],{"class":54},[20,8957,8958],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8960,8962],{"className":37,"code":8961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8963,8964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8965,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8967,154],{"class":153},[44,8969,157],{"class":58},[44,8971,1862],{"class":1861},[44,8973,157],{"class":58},[44,8975,6416],{"class":1861},[44,8977,6419],{"class":58},[20,8979,330],{},[35,8981,8983],{"className":37,"code":8982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8984,8985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8986,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8988,3411],{"class":54},[44,8990,3414],{"class":2182},[44,8992,352],{"class":62},[44,8994,6416],{"class":66},[44,8996,343],{"class":62},[44,8998,3423],{"class":54},[30,9000,9002],{"id":9001},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9004,9005,9006,9008],{},"If ",[15,9007,3938],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,9010,9012],{"className":37,"code":9011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9013,9014,9028,9042,9052,9070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9015,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9017,154],{"class":153},[44,9019,157],{"class":58},[44,9021,3993],{"class":1861},[44,9023,157],{"class":58},[44,9025,2590],{"class":111},[44,9027,1869],{"class":58},[44,9029,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9031,154],{"class":153},[44,9033,157],{"class":58},[44,9035,1862],{"class":1861},[44,9037,157],{"class":58},[44,9039,2590],{"class":111},[44,9041,1869],{"class":58},[44,9043,9044,9046,9048,9050],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,9045,154],{"class":153},[44,9047,157],{"class":58},[44,9049,2590],{"class":111},[44,9051,162],{"class":58},[44,9053,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,9055,154],{"class":153},[44,9057,157],{"class":58},[44,9059,2564],{"class":111},[44,9061,4820],{"class":54},[44,9063,75],{"class":62},[44,9065,3726],{"class":66},[44,9067,63],{"class":62},[44,9069,162],{"class":58},[44,9071,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082,9084,9086],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,9073,154],{"class":153},[44,9075,157],{"class":58},[44,9077,2590],{"class":111},[44,9079,108],{"class":58},[44,9081,8765],{"class":111},[44,9083,8768],{"class":58},[44,9085,8771],{"class":111},[44,9087,7325],{"class":58},[20,9089,9090],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[192,9092,9093,9096,9099,9102],{},[195,9094,9095],{},"what the value really is",[195,9097,9098],{},"whether it is a string",[195,9100,9101],{},"whether it contains spaces",[195,9103,9104],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9106,9107,9108,108],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[395,9109,9111],{"href":9110},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,9113,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,9115,9117],{"id":9116},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9119,9120,9121,2997,9123,108],{},"It returns either ",[15,9122,3726],{},[15,9124,3799],{},[1960,9126,9128],{"id":9127},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9130,214,9131,108],{},[15,9132,3799],{},[1960,9134,9136],{"id":9135},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9138,9139,9140,108],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9141,3726],{},[1960,9143,9145],{"id":9144},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9147,9148,9149,108],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9150,3799],{},[1960,9152,9154],{"id":9153},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9156,9157,9158,2997,9160,3862],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9159,3726],{},[15,9161,3799],{},[30,9163,2020],{"id":2019},[192,9165,9166,9171,9175,9180,9184,9189],{},[195,9167,9168],{},[395,9169,9170],{"href":5906},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[195,9172,9173],{},[395,9174,8240],{"href":8239},[195,9176,9177],{},[395,9178,9179],{"href":8350},"Python input() function explained",[195,9181,9182],{},[395,9183,8573],{"href":2416},[195,9185,9186],{},[395,9187,9188],{"href":9110},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[195,9190,9191],{},[395,9192,9193],{"href":7341},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2048,9195,9196],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":9198},[9199,9200,9201,9202,9203,9204,9210,9216,9217,9225,9226,9233],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":7278,"depth":102,"text":7279},{"id":7345,"depth":102,"text":7346},{"id":7464,"depth":102,"text":7465},{"id":7659,"depth":102,"text":7660},{"id":7889,"depth":102,"text":7890,"children":9205},[9206,9207,9208,9209],{"id":7899,"depth":150,"text":7900},{"id":7996,"depth":150,"text":7997},{"id":8081,"depth":150,"text":8082},{"id":8154,"depth":150,"text":8155},{"id":8243,"depth":102,"text":8244,"children":9211},[9212,9214],{"id":8256,"depth":150,"text":9213},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8296,"depth":150,"text":9215},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8413,"depth":102,"text":8414},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":9218},[9219,9221,9222,9223],{"id":8583,"depth":150,"text":9220},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8679,"depth":150,"text":8680},{"id":8803,"depth":150,"text":8804},{"id":8910,"depth":150,"text":9224},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9001,"depth":102,"text":9002},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":9227},[9228,9229,9230,9231,9232],{"id":9116,"depth":150,"text":9117},{"id":9127,"depth":150,"text":9128},{"id":9135,"depth":150,"text":9136},{"id":9144,"depth":150,"text":9145},{"id":9153,"depth":150,"text":9154},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7105,"description":9234},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9241,"title":9242,"body":9243,"description":11412,"extension":2080,"meta":11413,"navigation":682,"path":11414,"seo":11415,"stem":11416,"__hash__":11417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9244,"toc":11374},[9245,9251,9257,9264,9269,9280,9286,9385,9389,9454,9459,9464,9469,9472,9483,9488,9491,9502,9508,9510,9515,9519,9544,9548,9557,9561,9624,9628,9661,9665,9710,9714,9751,9755,9758,9814,9818,9864,9867,9872,9911,9915,9938,9941,9954,9967,9971,9976,10043,10047,10083,10086,10094,10097,10161,10165,10197,10203,10205,10265,10272,10275,10353,10357,10390,10394,10397,10441,10445,10481,10484,10501,10504,10507,10559,10562,10573,10580,10589,10592,10648,10652,10693,10701,10709,10714,10722,10734,10739,10750,10823,10826,10838,10853,10857,10861,10865,10867,10910,10916,10919,10982,10986,10989,10998,11003,11040,11044,11047,11055,11058,11097,11101,11104,11155,11159,11180,11186,11188,11194,11220,11223,11278,11281,11292,11294,11301,11309,11315,11320,11327,11330,11337,11344,11346,11371],[10,9246,3697,9248,3701],{"id":9247},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9249,9250],{},"dict()",[20,9252,9253,9254,9256],{},"The built-in ",[15,9255,9250],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9258,9259,9260,9263],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3868,9261,9262],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9265,9266,9268],{},[15,9267,9250],{}," is commonly used to:",[192,9270,9271,9274,9277],{},[195,9272,9273],{},"create an empty dictionary",[195,9275,9276],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[195,9278,9279],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9281,393,9282,108],{},[395,9283,9285],{"href":9284},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,9287,9289],{"className":37,"code":9288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9290,9291,9323,9333,9337,9371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9292,9293,9295,9297,9300,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9317,9319,9321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9294,489],{"class":50},[44,9296,55],{"class":54},[44,9298,9299],{"class":1861}," dict",[44,9301,157],{"class":58},[44,9303,67],{"class":463},[44,9305,55],{"class":54},[44,9307,343],{"class":62},[44,9309,5135],{"class":66},[44,9311,343],{"class":62},[44,9313,83],{"class":58},[44,9315,9316],{"class":463}," age",[44,9318,55],{"class":54},[44,9320,1100],{"class":95},[44,9322,162],{"class":58},[44,9324,9325,9327,9329,9331],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9326,154],{"class":153},[44,9328,157],{"class":58},[44,9330,511],{"class":111},[44,9332,162],{"class":58},[44,9334,9335],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,9336,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,9338,9339,9341,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,9340,834],{"class":50},[44,9342,55],{"class":54},[44,9344,839],{"class":58},[44,9346,343],{"class":62},[44,9348,395],{"class":66},[44,9350,343],{"class":62},[44,9352,83],{"class":58},[44,9354,504],{"class":95},[44,9356,854],{"class":58},[44,9358,857],{"class":58},[44,9360,343],{"class":62},[44,9362,1005],{"class":66},[44,9364,343],{"class":62},[44,9366,83],{"class":58},[44,9368,1012],{"class":95},[44,9370,872],{"class":58},[44,9372,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,9374,154],{"class":153},[44,9376,157],{"class":58},[44,9378,1918],{"class":1861},[44,9380,157],{"class":58},[44,9382,890],{"class":111},[44,9384,1869],{"class":58},[20,9386,9387],{},[3868,9388,330],{},[35,9390,9392],{"className":37,"code":9391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9393,9394,9426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9395,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414,9416,9418,9420,9422,9424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9397,340],{"class":58},[44,9399,343],{"class":62},[44,9401,67],{"class":66},[44,9403,343],{"class":62},[44,9405,72],{"class":58},[44,9407,352],{"class":62},[44,9409,5135],{"class":66},[44,9411,343],{"class":62},[44,9413,83],{"class":58},[44,9415,352],{"class":62},[44,9417,88],{"class":66},[44,9419,343],{"class":62},[44,9421,72],{"class":58},[44,9423,1164],{"class":95},[44,9425,99],{"class":58},[44,9427,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9429,340],{"class":58},[44,9431,343],{"class":62},[44,9433,395],{"class":66},[44,9435,343],{"class":62},[44,9437,72],{"class":58},[44,9439,504],{"class":95},[44,9441,83],{"class":58},[44,9443,352],{"class":62},[44,9445,1005],{"class":66},[44,9447,343],{"class":62},[44,9449,72],{"class":58},[44,9451,1012],{"class":95},[44,9453,99],{"class":58},[20,9455,172,9456,9458],{},[15,9457,9250],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9460,179,9462,182],{"id":9461},"what-dict-does",[15,9463,9250],{},[20,9465,9466,9468],{},[15,9467,9250],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9470,9471],{},"A dictionary:",[192,9473,9474,9477,9480],{},[195,9475,9476],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[195,9478,9479],{},"lets you look up values by key",[195,9481,9482],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9484,9485,9487],{},[15,9486,9250],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9489,9490],{},"Common uses include:",[192,9492,9493,9496,9499],{},[195,9494,9495],{},"making an empty dictionary",[195,9497,9498],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[195,9500,9501],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9503,9504,9505,108],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[395,9506,9507],{"href":397},"creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9509,402],{"id":401},[20,9511,9512,9514],{},[15,9513,9250],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1960,9516,9518],{"id":9517},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9520,9522],{"className":37,"code":9521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9523,9524,9534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9525,9526,9528,9530,9532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9527,489],{"class":50},[44,9529,55],{"class":54},[44,9531,9299],{"class":1861},[44,9533,1635],{"class":58},[44,9535,9536,9538,9540,9542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9537,154],{"class":153},[44,9539,157],{"class":58},[44,9541,511],{"class":111},[44,9543,162],{"class":58},[20,9545,9546],{},[3868,9547,330],{},[35,9549,9551],{"className":37,"code":9550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9552,9553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9554,9555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9556,9550],{"class":58},[1960,9558,9560],{"id":9559},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9562,9564],{"className":37,"code":9563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9565,9566,9600,9614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9567,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9569,834],{"class":50},[44,9571,55],{"class":54},[44,9573,839],{"class":58},[44,9575,343],{"class":62},[44,9577,395],{"class":66},[44,9579,343],{"class":62},[44,9581,83],{"class":58},[44,9583,504],{"class":95},[44,9585,854],{"class":58},[44,9587,857],{"class":58},[44,9589,343],{"class":62},[44,9591,1005],{"class":66},[44,9593,343],{"class":62},[44,9595,83],{"class":58},[44,9597,1012],{"class":95},[44,9599,872],{"class":58},[44,9601,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9603,489],{"class":50},[44,9605,55],{"class":54},[44,9607,9299],{"class":1861},[44,9609,157],{"class":58},[44,9611,890],{"class":111},[44,9613,162],{"class":58},[44,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,9617,154],{"class":153},[44,9619,157],{"class":58},[44,9621,511],{"class":111},[44,9623,162],{"class":58},[20,9625,9626],{},[3868,9627,330],{},[35,9629,9631],{"className":37,"code":9630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9632,9633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9634,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651,9653,9655,9657,9659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9636,340],{"class":58},[44,9638,343],{"class":62},[44,9640,395],{"class":66},[44,9642,343],{"class":62},[44,9644,72],{"class":58},[44,9646,504],{"class":95},[44,9648,83],{"class":58},[44,9650,352],{"class":62},[44,9652,1005],{"class":66},[44,9654,343],{"class":62},[44,9656,72],{"class":58},[44,9658,1012],{"class":95},[44,9660,99],{"class":58},[1960,9662,9664],{"id":9663},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,9666,9668],{"className":37,"code":9667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9669,9670,9700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9671,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9673,489],{"class":50},[44,9675,55],{"class":54},[44,9677,9299],{"class":1861},[44,9679,157],{"class":58},[44,9681,67],{"class":463},[44,9683,55],{"class":54},[44,9685,343],{"class":62},[44,9687,5135],{"class":66},[44,9689,343],{"class":62},[44,9691,83],{"class":58},[44,9693,9316],{"class":463},[44,9695,55],{"class":54},[44,9697,1100],{"class":95},[44,9699,162],{"class":58},[44,9701,9702,9704,9706,9708],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9703,154],{"class":153},[44,9705,157],{"class":58},[44,9707,511],{"class":111},[44,9709,162],{"class":58},[20,9711,9712],{},[3868,9713,330],{},[35,9715,9717],{"className":37,"code":9716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9718,9719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9720,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9722,340],{"class":58},[44,9724,343],{"class":62},[44,9726,67],{"class":66},[44,9728,343],{"class":62},[44,9730,72],{"class":58},[44,9732,352],{"class":62},[44,9734,5135],{"class":66},[44,9736,343],{"class":62},[44,9738,83],{"class":58},[44,9740,352],{"class":62},[44,9742,88],{"class":66},[44,9744,343],{"class":62},[44,9746,72],{"class":58},[44,9748,1164],{"class":95},[44,9750,99],{"class":58},[1960,9752,9754],{"id":9753},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9756,9757],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9759,9761],{"className":37,"code":9760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9762,9763,9804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9764,9765,9767,9769,9771,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9798,9800,9802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9766,489],{"class":50},[44,9768,55],{"class":54},[44,9770,9299],{"class":1861},[44,9772,9773],{"class":58},"([(",[44,9775,343],{"class":62},[44,9777,395],{"class":66},[44,9779,343],{"class":62},[44,9781,83],{"class":58},[44,9783,504],{"class":95},[44,9785,9786],{"class":58},")],",[44,9788,2678],{"class":463},[44,9790,55],{"class":54},[44,9792,2173],{"class":95},[44,9794,83],{"class":58},[44,9796,9797],{"class":463}," c",[44,9799,55],{"class":54},[44,9801,2179],{"class":95},[44,9803,162],{"class":58},[44,9805,9806,9808,9810,9812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9807,154],{"class":153},[44,9809,157],{"class":58},[44,9811,511],{"class":111},[44,9813,162],{"class":58},[20,9815,9816],{},[3868,9817,330],{},[35,9819,9821],{"className":37,"code":9820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9822,9823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9824,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9856,9858,9860,9862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9826,340],{"class":58},[44,9828,343],{"class":62},[44,9830,395],{"class":66},[44,9832,343],{"class":62},[44,9834,72],{"class":58},[44,9836,504],{"class":95},[44,9838,83],{"class":58},[44,9840,352],{"class":62},[44,9842,1005],{"class":66},[44,9844,343],{"class":62},[44,9846,72],{"class":58},[44,9848,1012],{"class":95},[44,9850,83],{"class":58},[44,9852,352],{"class":62},[44,9854,9855],{"class":66},"c",[44,9857,343],{"class":62},[44,9859,72],{"class":58},[44,9861,1017],{"class":95},[44,9863,99],{"class":58},[30,9865,9518],{"id":9866},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9868,172,9869,9871],{},[15,9870,9250],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9873,9875],{"className":37,"code":9874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9876,9877,9887,9901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9878,9879,9881,9883,9885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9880,489],{"class":50},[44,9882,55],{"class":54},[44,9884,9299],{"class":1861},[44,9886,1635],{"class":58},[44,9888,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9890,154],{"class":153},[44,9892,157],{"class":58},[44,9894,1862],{"class":1861},[44,9896,157],{"class":58},[44,9898,511],{"class":111},[44,9900,1869],{"class":58},[44,9902,9903,9905,9907,9909],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,9904,154],{"class":153},[44,9906,157],{"class":58},[44,9908,511],{"class":111},[44,9910,162],{"class":58},[20,9912,9913],{},[3868,9914,330],{},[35,9916,9918],{"className":37,"code":9917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9919,9920,9934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9921,9922,9924,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9923,3411],{"class":54},[44,9925,3414],{"class":2182},[44,9927,352],{"class":62},[44,9929,1918],{"class":66},[44,9931,343],{"class":62},[44,9933,3423],{"class":54},[44,9935,9936],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,9937,9550],{"class":58},[20,9939,9940],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9942,9944],{"className":37,"code":9943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9945,9946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9947,9948,9950,9952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9949,489],{"class":50},[44,9951,55],{"class":54},[44,9953,1238],{"class":58},[20,9955,9956,9957,9959,9960,9963,9964,9966],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9958,3917],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9961,9962],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9965,9250],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9968,9970],{"id":9969},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9972,9973,9974,108],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9975,9250],{},[35,9977,9979],{"className":37,"code":9978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9980,9981,10019,10033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9982,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9984,834],{"class":50},[44,9986,55],{"class":54},[44,9988,839],{"class":58},[44,9990,343],{"class":62},[44,9992,67],{"class":66},[44,9994,343],{"class":62},[44,9996,83],{"class":58},[44,9998,352],{"class":62},[44,10000,5135],{"class":66},[44,10002,343],{"class":62},[44,10004,854],{"class":58},[44,10006,857],{"class":58},[44,10008,343],{"class":62},[44,10010,88],{"class":66},[44,10012,343],{"class":62},[44,10014,83],{"class":58},[44,10016,1164],{"class":95},[44,10018,872],{"class":58},[44,10020,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10022,489],{"class":50},[44,10024,55],{"class":54},[44,10026,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10028,157],{"class":58},[44,10030,890],{"class":111},[44,10032,162],{"class":58},[44,10034,10035,10037,10039,10041],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,10036,154],{"class":153},[44,10038,157],{"class":58},[44,10040,511],{"class":111},[44,10042,162],{"class":58},[20,10044,10045],{},[3868,10046,330],{},[35,10048,10049],{"className":37,"code":9716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10050,10051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10052,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071,10073,10075,10077,10079,10081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10054,340],{"class":58},[44,10056,343],{"class":62},[44,10058,67],{"class":66},[44,10060,343],{"class":62},[44,10062,72],{"class":58},[44,10064,352],{"class":62},[44,10066,5135],{"class":66},[44,10068,343],{"class":62},[44,10070,83],{"class":58},[44,10072,352],{"class":62},[44,10074,88],{"class":66},[44,10076,343],{"class":62},[44,10078,72],{"class":58},[44,10080,1164],{"class":95},[44,10082,99],{"class":58},[20,10084,10085],{},"Each pair becomes:",[192,10087,10088,10091],{},[195,10089,10090],{},"the first item as the key",[195,10092,10093],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10095,10096],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,10098,10100],{"className":37,"code":10099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10101,10102,10137,10151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10103,10104,10106,10108,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10105,834],{"class":50},[44,10107,55],{"class":54},[44,10109,10110],{"class":58}," ((",[44,10112,343],{"class":62},[44,10114,395],{"class":66},[44,10116,343],{"class":62},[44,10118,83],{"class":58},[44,10120,504],{"class":95},[44,10122,854],{"class":58},[44,10124,857],{"class":58},[44,10126,343],{"class":62},[44,10128,1005],{"class":66},[44,10130,343],{"class":62},[44,10132,83],{"class":58},[44,10134,1012],{"class":95},[44,10136,1869],{"class":58},[44,10138,10139,10141,10143,10145,10147,10149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10140,489],{"class":50},[44,10142,55],{"class":54},[44,10144,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10146,157],{"class":58},[44,10148,890],{"class":111},[44,10150,162],{"class":58},[44,10152,10153,10155,10157,10159],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,10154,154],{"class":153},[44,10156,157],{"class":58},[44,10158,511],{"class":111},[44,10160,162],{"class":58},[20,10162,10163],{},[3868,10164,330],{},[35,10166,10167],{"className":37,"code":9630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10168,10169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10170,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193,10195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10172,340],{"class":58},[44,10174,343],{"class":62},[44,10176,395],{"class":66},[44,10178,343],{"class":62},[44,10180,72],{"class":58},[44,10182,504],{"class":95},[44,10184,83],{"class":58},[44,10186,352],{"class":62},[44,10188,1005],{"class":66},[44,10190,343],{"class":62},[44,10192,72],{"class":58},[44,10194,1012],{"class":95},[44,10196,99],{"class":58},[20,10198,10199,10200,108],{},"Each item must contain ",[3868,10201,10202],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10204,2955],{},[35,10206,10208],{"className":37,"code":10207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10209,10210,10250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10211,10212,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10213,10214],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,10216,55],{"class":54},[44,10218,839],{"class":58},[44,10220,343],{"class":62},[44,10222,395],{"class":66},[44,10224,343],{"class":62},[44,10226,83],{"class":58},[44,10228,504],{"class":95},[44,10230,83],{"class":58},[44,10232,10233],{"class":95}," 100",[44,10235,854],{"class":58},[44,10237,857],{"class":58},[44,10239,343],{"class":62},[44,10241,1005],{"class":66},[44,10243,343],{"class":62},[44,10245,83],{"class":58},[44,10247,1012],{"class":95},[44,10249,872],{"class":58},[44,10251,10252,10254,10256,10258,10260,10263],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10253,1340],{"class":50},[44,10255,55],{"class":54},[44,10257,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10259,157],{"class":58},[44,10261,10262],{"class":111},"bad_data",[44,10264,162],{"class":58},[20,10266,10267,10268,10271],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10269,10270],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10273,10274],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,10276,10278],{"className":37,"code":10277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10279,10280,10329,10343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10281,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10283,834],{"class":50},[44,10285,55],{"class":54},[44,10287,839],{"class":58},[44,10289,343],{"class":62},[44,10291,395],{"class":66},[44,10293,343],{"class":62},[44,10295,83],{"class":58},[44,10297,504],{"class":95},[44,10299,854],{"class":58},[44,10301,857],{"class":58},[44,10303,343],{"class":62},[44,10305,395],{"class":66},[44,10307,343],{"class":62},[44,10309,83],{"class":58},[44,10311,10312],{"class":95}," 99",[44,10314,854],{"class":58},[44,10316,857],{"class":58},[44,10318,343],{"class":62},[44,10320,1005],{"class":66},[44,10322,343],{"class":62},[44,10324,83],{"class":58},[44,10326,1012],{"class":95},[44,10328,872],{"class":58},[44,10330,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10332,489],{"class":50},[44,10334,55],{"class":54},[44,10336,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10338,157],{"class":58},[44,10340,890],{"class":111},[44,10342,162],{"class":58},[44,10344,10345,10347,10349,10351],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,10346,154],{"class":153},[44,10348,157],{"class":58},[44,10350,511],{"class":111},[44,10352,162],{"class":58},[20,10354,10355],{},[3868,10356,330],{},[35,10358,10360],{"className":37,"code":10359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10361,10362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10363,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10365,340],{"class":58},[44,10367,343],{"class":62},[44,10369,395],{"class":66},[44,10371,343],{"class":62},[44,10373,72],{"class":58},[44,10375,10312],{"class":95},[44,10377,83],{"class":58},[44,10379,352],{"class":62},[44,10381,1005],{"class":66},[44,10383,343],{"class":62},[44,10385,72],{"class":58},[44,10387,1012],{"class":95},[44,10389,99],{"class":58},[30,10391,10393],{"id":10392},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10395,10396],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,10398,10399],{"className":37,"code":9667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10400,10401,10431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10402,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10404,489],{"class":50},[44,10406,55],{"class":54},[44,10408,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10410,157],{"class":58},[44,10412,67],{"class":463},[44,10414,55],{"class":54},[44,10416,343],{"class":62},[44,10418,5135],{"class":66},[44,10420,343],{"class":62},[44,10422,83],{"class":58},[44,10424,9316],{"class":463},[44,10426,55],{"class":54},[44,10428,1100],{"class":95},[44,10430,162],{"class":58},[44,10432,10433,10435,10437,10439],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10434,154],{"class":153},[44,10436,157],{"class":58},[44,10438,511],{"class":111},[44,10440,162],{"class":58},[20,10442,10443],{},[3868,10444,330],{},[35,10446,10447],{"className":37,"code":9716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10448,10449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10450,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10452,340],{"class":58},[44,10454,343],{"class":62},[44,10456,67],{"class":66},[44,10458,343],{"class":62},[44,10460,72],{"class":58},[44,10462,352],{"class":62},[44,10464,5135],{"class":66},[44,10466,343],{"class":62},[44,10468,83],{"class":58},[44,10470,352],{"class":62},[44,10472,88],{"class":66},[44,10474,343],{"class":62},[44,10476,72],{"class":58},[44,10478,1164],{"class":95},[44,10480,99],{"class":58},[20,10482,10483],{},"In this form:",[192,10485,10486,10494],{},[195,10487,10488,10490,10491],{},[15,10489,67],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10492,10493],{},"'name'",[195,10495,10496,10490,10498],{},[15,10497,88],{},[15,10499,10500],{},"'age'",[20,10502,10503],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10505,10506],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10508,10510],{"className":37,"code":10509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10511,10512,10549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10513,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10531,10533,10535,10538,10540,10542,10545,10547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10515,489],{"class":50},[44,10517,55],{"class":54},[44,10519,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10521,157],{"class":58},[44,10523,133],{"class":463},[44,10525,55],{"class":54},[44,10527,343],{"class":62},[44,10529,10530],{"class":66},"Paris",[44,10532,343],{"class":62},[44,10534,83],{"class":58},[44,10536,10537],{"class":463}," country",[44,10539,55],{"class":54},[44,10541,343],{"class":62},[44,10543,10544],{"class":66},"France",[44,10546,343],{"class":62},[44,10548,162],{"class":58},[44,10550,10551,10553,10555,10557],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10552,154],{"class":153},[44,10554,157],{"class":58},[44,10556,511],{"class":111},[44,10558,162],{"class":58},[20,10560,10561],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[192,10563,10564,10567,10570],{},[195,10565,10566],{},"spaces",[195,10568,10569],{},"hyphens",[195,10571,10572],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10574,10575,10576,10579],{},"For example, this is ",[3868,10577,10578],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10581,10583],{"className":37,"code":10582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10584,10585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10586,10587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10588,10582],{"class":168},[20,10590,10591],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10593,10595],{"className":37,"code":10594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10596,10597,10638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10598,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10600,489],{"class":50},[44,10602,55],{"class":54},[44,10604,59],{"class":58},[44,10606,343],{"class":62},[44,10608,10609],{"class":66},"first-name",[44,10611,343],{"class":62},[44,10613,72],{"class":58},[44,10615,352],{"class":62},[44,10617,470],{"class":66},[44,10619,343],{"class":62},[44,10621,83],{"class":58},[44,10623,352],{"class":62},[44,10625,1253],{"class":66},[44,10627,343],{"class":62},[44,10629,72],{"class":58},[44,10631,352],{"class":62},[44,10633,470],{"class":66},[44,10635,343],{"class":62},[44,10637,99],{"class":58},[44,10639,10640,10642,10644,10646],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10641,154],{"class":153},[44,10643,157],{"class":58},[44,10645,511],{"class":111},[44,10647,162],{"class":58},[20,10649,10650],{},[3868,10651,330],{},[35,10653,10655],{"className":37,"code":10654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10656,10657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10658,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671,10673,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10660,340],{"class":58},[44,10662,343],{"class":62},[44,10664,10609],{"class":66},[44,10666,343],{"class":62},[44,10668,72],{"class":58},[44,10670,352],{"class":62},[44,10672,470],{"class":66},[44,10674,343],{"class":62},[44,10676,83],{"class":58},[44,10678,352],{"class":62},[44,10680,1253],{"class":66},[44,10682,343],{"class":62},[44,10684,72],{"class":58},[44,10686,352],{"class":62},[44,10688,470],{"class":66},[44,10690,343],{"class":62},[44,10692,99],{"class":58},[30,10694,10696,10698,10699],{"id":10695},"dict-vs",[15,10697,9250],{}," vs ",[15,10700,3917],{},[20,10702,10703,10704,4523,10706,10708],{},"Both ",[15,10705,9250],{},[15,10707,3917],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1960,10710,172,10712,1558],{"id":10711},"use-when",[15,10713,3917],{},[192,10715,10716,10719],{},[195,10717,10718],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[195,10720,10721],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,10723,10724],{"className":37,"code":9943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10725,10726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10727,10728,10730,10732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10729,489],{"class":50},[44,10731,55],{"class":54},[44,10733,1238],{"class":58},[1960,10735,172,10737,1558],{"id":10736},"use-dict-when",[15,10738,9250],{},[192,10740,10741,10744,10747],{},[195,10742,10743],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[195,10745,10746],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[195,10748,10749],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10751,10753],{"className":37,"code":10752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10754,10755,10792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10756,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10758,489],{"class":50},[44,10760,55],{"class":54},[44,10762,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10764,9773],{"class":58},[44,10766,343],{"class":62},[44,10768,395],{"class":66},[44,10770,343],{"class":62},[44,10772,83],{"class":58},[44,10774,504],{"class":95},[44,10776,854],{"class":58},[44,10778,857],{"class":58},[44,10780,343],{"class":62},[44,10782,1005],{"class":66},[44,10784,343],{"class":62},[44,10786,83],{"class":58},[44,10788,1012],{"class":95},[44,10790,10791],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,10793,10794,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813,10815,10817,10819,10821],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10795,10796],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10798,55],{"class":54},[44,10800,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10802,157],{"class":58},[44,10804,67],{"class":463},[44,10806,55],{"class":54},[44,10808,343],{"class":62},[44,10810,5135],{"class":66},[44,10812,343],{"class":62},[44,10814,83],{"class":58},[44,10816,9316],{"class":463},[44,10818,55],{"class":54},[44,10820,1100],{"class":95},[44,10822,162],{"class":58},[20,10824,10825],{},"So:",[192,10827,10828,10833],{},[195,10829,10830,10832],{},[15,10831,3917],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[195,10834,10835,10837],{},[15,10836,9250],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10839,10840,10841,10844,10845,108],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[395,10842,10843],{"href":1546},"add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[395,10846,10848,10849,10852],{"href":10847},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10850,10851],{},"get()"," method",[30,10854,10856],{"id":10855},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10858,1806,10859,108],{},[15,10860,9250],{},[1960,10862,10864],{"id":10863},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10866,4656],{},[35,10868,10870],{"className":37,"code":10869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10871,10872,10896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10873,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10875,7910],{"class":50},[44,10877,55],{"class":54},[44,10879,3746],{"class":58},[44,10881,343],{"class":62},[44,10883,395],{"class":66},[44,10885,343],{"class":62},[44,10887,83],{"class":58},[44,10889,352],{"class":62},[44,10891,1005],{"class":66},[44,10893,343],{"class":62},[44,10895,3759],{"class":58},[44,10897,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10899,489],{"class":50},[44,10901,55],{"class":54},[44,10903,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10905,157],{"class":58},[44,10907,7940],{"class":111},[44,10909,162],{"class":58},[20,10911,10912,10913,108],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10914,10915],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10917,10918],{},"Correct version:",[35,10920,10922],{"className":37,"code":10921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10923,10924,10958,10972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10925,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936,10938,10940,10942,10944,10946,10948,10950,10952,10954,10956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10927,7910],{"class":50},[44,10929,55],{"class":54},[44,10931,839],{"class":58},[44,10933,343],{"class":62},[44,10935,395],{"class":66},[44,10937,343],{"class":62},[44,10939,83],{"class":58},[44,10941,504],{"class":95},[44,10943,854],{"class":58},[44,10945,857],{"class":58},[44,10947,343],{"class":62},[44,10949,1005],{"class":66},[44,10951,343],{"class":62},[44,10953,83],{"class":58},[44,10955,1012],{"class":95},[44,10957,872],{"class":58},[44,10959,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,10961,489],{"class":50},[44,10963,55],{"class":54},[44,10965,9299],{"class":1861},[44,10967,157],{"class":58},[44,10969,7940],{"class":111},[44,10971,162],{"class":58},[44,10973,10974,10976,10978,10980],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,10975,154],{"class":153},[44,10977,157],{"class":58},[44,10979,511],{"class":111},[44,10981,162],{"class":58},[1960,10983,10985],{"id":10984},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10987,10988],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10990,10992],{"className":37,"code":10991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10993,10994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10995,10996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10997,10991],{"class":168},[20,10999,11000,11001,72],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11002,55],{},[35,11004,11006],{"className":37,"code":11005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11007,11008,11030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11009,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022,11024,11026,11028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11011,489],{"class":50},[44,11013,55],{"class":54},[44,11015,9299],{"class":1861},[44,11017,157],{"class":58},[44,11019,67],{"class":463},[44,11021,55],{"class":54},[44,11023,343],{"class":62},[44,11025,5135],{"class":66},[44,11027,343],{"class":62},[44,11029,162],{"class":58},[44,11031,11032,11034,11036,11038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11033,154],{"class":153},[44,11035,157],{"class":58},[44,11037,511],{"class":111},[44,11039,162],{"class":58},[1960,11041,11043],{"id":11042},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11045,11046],{},"This will not work:",[35,11048,11049],{"className":37,"code":10582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11050,11051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11052,11053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11054,10582],{"class":168},[20,11056,11057],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,11059,11061],{"className":37,"code":11060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11062,11063,11087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11064,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11066,489],{"class":50},[44,11068,55],{"class":54},[44,11070,59],{"class":58},[44,11072,343],{"class":62},[44,11074,10609],{"class":66},[44,11076,343],{"class":62},[44,11078,72],{"class":58},[44,11080,352],{"class":62},[44,11082,470],{"class":66},[44,11084,343],{"class":62},[44,11086,99],{"class":58},[44,11088,11089,11091,11093,11095],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11090,154],{"class":153},[44,11092,157],{"class":58},[44,11094,511],{"class":111},[44,11096,162],{"class":58},[1960,11098,11100],{"id":11099},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11102,11103],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,11105,11107],{"className":37,"code":11106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11108,11109,11145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11110,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11112,489],{"class":50},[44,11114,55],{"class":54},[44,11116,9299],{"class":1861},[44,11118,9773],{"class":58},[44,11120,343],{"class":62},[44,11122,2291],{"class":66},[44,11124,343],{"class":62},[44,11126,83],{"class":58},[44,11128,504],{"class":95},[44,11130,854],{"class":58},[44,11132,857],{"class":58},[44,11134,343],{"class":62},[44,11136,2291],{"class":66},[44,11138,343],{"class":62},[44,11140,83],{"class":58},[44,11142,1012],{"class":95},[44,11144,10791],{"class":58},[44,11146,11147,11149,11151,11153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11148,154],{"class":153},[44,11150,157],{"class":58},[44,11152,511],{"class":111},[44,11154,162],{"class":58},[20,11156,11157],{},[3868,11158,330],{},[35,11160,11162],{"className":37,"code":11161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11163,11164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11165,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11167,340],{"class":58},[44,11169,343],{"class":62},[44,11171,2291],{"class":66},[44,11173,343],{"class":62},[44,11175,72],{"class":58},[44,11177,1012],{"class":95},[44,11179,99],{"class":58},[20,11181,11182,11183,108],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[395,11184,11185],{"href":1953},"KeyError in Python",[30,11187,1803],{"id":1802},[20,11189,11190,11191,11193],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11192,9250],{}," include:",[192,11195,11196,11205,11211,11214],{},[195,11197,11198,11199,11202,11203],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11200,11201],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11204,2003],{},[195,11206,11207,11208],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11209,11210],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[195,11212,11213],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[195,11215,11216,11217,11219],{},"confusing ",[15,11218,9250],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11221,11222],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,11224,11226],{"className":37,"code":11225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11227,11228,11242,11252,11263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11229,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11231,154],{"class":153},[44,11233,157],{"class":58},[44,11235,1862],{"class":1861},[44,11237,157],{"class":58},[44,11239,511],{"class":111},[44,11241,1869],{"class":58},[44,11243,11244,11246,11248,11250],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11245,154],{"class":153},[44,11247,157],{"class":58},[44,11249,511],{"class":111},[44,11251,162],{"class":58},[44,11253,11254,11256,11258,11261],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,11255,154],{"class":153},[44,11257,157],{"class":58},[44,11259,11260],{"class":111},"list_of_pairs",[44,11262,162],{"class":58},[44,11264,11265,11267,11269,11272,11274,11276],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,11266,154],{"class":153},[44,11268,157],{"class":58},[44,11270,11271],{"class":153},"len",[44,11273,157],{"class":58},[44,11275,11260],{"class":111},[44,11277,1869],{"class":58},[20,11279,11280],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[192,11282,11283,11286,11289],{},[195,11284,11285],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[195,11287,11288],{},"what data is being passed in",[195,11290,11291],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,11293,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,11295,2007,11297,4523,11299,2610],{"id":11296},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11298,9250],{},[15,11300,3917],{},[20,11302,11303,11305,11306,11308],{},[15,11304,3917],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11307,9250],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1960,11310,1984,11312,11314],{"id":11311},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11313,9250],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11316,11317,11318,108],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11319,2003],{},[1960,11321,5288,11323,11326],{"id":11322},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11324,11325],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11328,11329],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1960,11331,11333,11334,11336],{"id":11332},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11335,9250],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11338,11339,11340,11343],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11341,11342],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,11345,2020],{"id":2019},[192,11347,11348,11353,11357,11361,11367],{},[195,11349,11350],{},[395,11351,11352],{"href":397},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[195,11354,11355],{},[395,11356,9285],{"href":9284},[195,11358,11359],{},[395,11360,2032],{"href":1546},[195,11362,11363],{},[395,11364,10848,11365,10852],{"href":10847},[15,11366,10851],{},[195,11368,11369],{},[395,11370,1954],{"href":1953},[2048,11372,11373],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":11375},[11376,11378,11384,11385,11386,11387,11394,11400,11401,11411],{"id":9461,"depth":102,"text":11377},"What dict() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":11379},[11380,11381,11382,11383],{"id":9517,"depth":150,"text":9518},{"id":9559,"depth":150,"text":9560},{"id":9663,"depth":150,"text":9664},{"id":9753,"depth":150,"text":9754},{"id":9866,"depth":102,"text":9518},{"id":9969,"depth":102,"text":9970},{"id":10392,"depth":102,"text":10393},{"id":10695,"depth":102,"text":11388,"children":11389},"dict() vs {}",[11390,11392],{"id":10711,"depth":150,"text":11391},"Use {} when:",{"id":10736,"depth":150,"text":11393},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10855,"depth":102,"text":10856,"children":11395},[11396,11397,11398,11399],{"id":10863,"depth":150,"text":10864},{"id":10984,"depth":150,"text":10985},{"id":11042,"depth":150,"text":11043},{"id":11099,"depth":150,"text":11100},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":11402},[11403,11405,11407,11409],{"id":11296,"depth":150,"text":11404},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11311,"depth":150,"text":11406},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11322,"depth":150,"text":11408},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11332,"depth":150,"text":11410},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9242,"description":11412},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11419,"title":11420,"body":11421,"description":12920,"extension":2080,"meta":12921,"navigation":682,"path":12922,"seo":12923,"stem":12924,"__hash__":12925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11422,"toc":12889},[11423,11429,11435,11442,11444,11505,11510,11515,11520,11538,11541,11545,11547,11562,11565,11578,11582,11585,11717,11719,11786,11789,11805,11811,11817,11820,11902,11904,11917,11921,11927,11992,11994,12002,12005,12028,12034,12097,12103,12106,12120,12133,12137,12148,12153,12164,12171,12175,12181,12300,12302,12328,12331,12348,12351,12462,12464,12513,12515,12528,12537,12542,12547,12558,12560,12662,12685,12687,12691,12708,12711,12769,12772,12798,12800,12806,12809,12815,12819,12826,12834,12840,12843,12845,12886],[10,11424,13,11426,18],{"id":11425},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11427,11428],{},"clear()",[20,11430,11431,11434],{},[15,11432,11433],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11436,11437,11438,11441],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3868,11439,11440],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,11443,33],{"id":32},[35,11445,11447],{"className":37,"code":11446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11448,11449,11481,11492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477,11479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11452,489],{"class":50},[44,11454,55],{"class":54},[44,11456,59],{"class":58},[44,11458,63],{"class":62},[44,11460,395],{"class":66},[44,11462,63],{"class":62},[44,11464,72],{"class":58},[44,11466,504],{"class":95},[44,11468,83],{"class":58},[44,11470,75],{"class":62},[44,11472,1005],{"class":66},[44,11474,63],{"class":62},[44,11476,72],{"class":58},[44,11478,1012],{"class":95},[44,11480,99],{"class":58},[44,11482,11483,11485,11487,11490],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11484,511],{"class":50},[44,11486,108],{"class":58},[44,11488,11489],{"class":111},"clear",[44,11491,1635],{"class":58},[44,11493,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,11495,154],{"class":153},[44,11497,157],{"class":58},[44,11499,511],{"class":111},[44,11501,3786],{"class":58},[44,11503,11504],{"class":168},"  # {}\n",[20,11506,11507,11509],{},[15,11508,11428],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11511,179,11513,182],{"id":11512},"what-clear-does",[15,11514,11428],{},[20,11516,22,11517,11519],{},[15,11518,11428],{}," method:",[192,11521,11522,11525,11528,11533],{},[195,11523,11524],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[195,11526,11527],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[195,11529,11530,11531],{},"Returns ",[15,11532,217],{},[195,11534,11535,11536],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11537,3917],{},[20,11539,11540],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11542,393,11543,108],{},[395,11544,9285],{"href":9284},[30,11546,402],{"id":401},[35,11548,11550],{"className":37,"code":11549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11551,11552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11553,11554,11556,11558,11560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11555,1850],{"class":50},[44,11557,108],{"class":58},[44,11559,11489],{"class":111},[44,11561,1635],{"class":58},[20,11563,11564],{},"Important points:",[192,11566,11567,11572,11575],{},[195,11568,11569,11571],{},[15,11570,11428],{}," takes no arguments",[195,11573,11574],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[195,11576,11577],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11579,11581],{"id":11580},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11583,11584],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11586,11588],{"className":37,"code":11587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11589,11590,11599,11620,11634,11651,11655,11659,11679,11683,11693,11697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11591,11592,11594,11596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11593,1061],{"class":50},[44,11595,55],{"class":54},[44,11597,11598],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,11600,11601,11604,11606,11608,11610,11612,11615,11617],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11602,11603],{"class":62},"    \"",[44,11605,67],{"class":66},[44,11607,63],{"class":62},[44,11609,72],{"class":58},[44,11611,75],{"class":62},[44,11613,11614],{"class":66},"Maya",[44,11616,63],{"class":62},[44,11618,11619],{"class":58},",\n",[44,11621,11622,11624,11626,11628,11630,11632],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,11623,11603],{"class":62},[44,11625,88],{"class":66},[44,11627,63],{"class":62},[44,11629,72],{"class":58},[44,11631,1164],{"class":95},[44,11633,11619],{"class":58},[44,11635,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11649],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,11637,11603],{"class":62},[44,11639,133],{"class":66},[44,11641,63],{"class":62},[44,11643,72],{"class":58},[44,11645,75],{"class":62},[44,11647,11648],{"class":66},"Berlin",[44,11650,3479],{"class":62},[44,11652,11653],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,11654,99],{"class":58},[44,11656,11657],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,11658,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,11660,11661,11663,11665,11667,11670,11672,11674,11677],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,11662,154],{"class":153},[44,11664,157],{"class":58},[44,11666,63],{"class":62},[44,11668,11669],{"class":66},"Before:",[44,11671,63],{"class":62},[44,11673,83],{"class":58},[44,11675,11676],{"class":111}," user",[44,11678,162],{"class":58},[44,11680,11681],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,11682,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,11684,11685,11687,11689,11691],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,11686,1087],{"class":50},[44,11688,108],{"class":58},[44,11690,11489],{"class":111},[44,11692,1635],{"class":58},[44,11694,11695],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,11696,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11709,11711,11713,11715],{"class":46,"line":11699},11,[44,11701,154],{"class":153},[44,11703,157],{"class":58},[44,11705,63],{"class":62},[44,11707,11708],{"class":66},"After:",[44,11710,63],{"class":62},[44,11712,83],{"class":58},[44,11714,11676],{"class":111},[44,11716,162],{"class":58},[20,11718,5688],{},[35,11720,11722],{"className":37,"code":11721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11723,11724,11777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11725,11726,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11771,11773,11775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11727,11728],{"class":50},"Before",[44,11730,72],{"class":58},[44,11732,59],{"class":58},[44,11734,343],{"class":62},[44,11736,67],{"class":66},[44,11738,343],{"class":62},[44,11740,72],{"class":58},[44,11742,352],{"class":62},[44,11744,11614],{"class":66},[44,11746,343],{"class":62},[44,11748,83],{"class":58},[44,11750,352],{"class":62},[44,11752,88],{"class":66},[44,11754,343],{"class":62},[44,11756,72],{"class":58},[44,11758,1164],{"class":95},[44,11760,83],{"class":58},[44,11762,352],{"class":62},[44,11764,133],{"class":66},[44,11766,343],{"class":62},[44,11768,72],{"class":58},[44,11770,352],{"class":62},[44,11772,11648],{"class":66},[44,11774,343],{"class":62},[44,11776,99],{"class":58},[44,11778,11779,11782,11784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11780,11781],{"class":50},"After",[44,11783,72],{"class":58},[44,11785,1238],{"class":58},[20,11787,11788],{},"What happens here:",[192,11790,11791,11796,11802],{},[195,11792,11793,11795],{},[15,11794,1087],{}," starts with three items",[195,11797,11798,11801],{},[15,11799,11800],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[195,11803,11804],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11806,179,11808,11810],{"id":11807},"what-clear-returns",[15,11809,11428],{}," returns",[20,11812,11813,1298,11815,108],{},[15,11814,11428],{},[15,11816,217],{},[20,11818,11819],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11821,11823],{"className":37,"code":11822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11824,11825,11859,11863,11878,11882,11892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11826,11827,11830,11832,11834,11836,11838,11840,11842,11844,11846,11848,11851,11853,11855,11857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11828,11829],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11831,55],{"class":54},[44,11833,59],{"class":58},[44,11835,63],{"class":62},[44,11837,2291],{"class":66},[44,11839,63],{"class":62},[44,11841,72],{"class":58},[44,11843,504],{"class":95},[44,11845,83],{"class":58},[44,11847,75],{"class":62},[44,11849,11850],{"class":66},"y",[44,11852,63],{"class":62},[44,11854,72],{"class":58},[44,11856,1012],{"class":95},[44,11858,99],{"class":58},[44,11860,11861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11862,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,11864,11865,11867,11869,11872,11874,11876],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,11866,1340],{"class":50},[44,11868,55],{"class":54},[44,11870,11871],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11873,108],{"class":58},[44,11875,11489],{"class":111},[44,11877,1635],{"class":58},[44,11879,11880],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,11881,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,11883,11884,11886,11888,11890],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,11885,154],{"class":153},[44,11887,157],{"class":58},[44,11889,1376],{"class":111},[44,11891,162],{"class":58},[44,11893,11894,11896,11898,11900],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,11895,154],{"class":153},[44,11897,157],{"class":58},[44,11899,1850],{"class":111},[44,11901,162],{"class":58},[20,11903,330],{},[35,11905,11907],{"className":37,"code":11906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11908,11909,11913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11910,11911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11912,1401],{"class":1400},[44,11914,11915],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11916,9550],{"class":58},[1960,11918,11920],{"id":11919},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11922,11923,11924,11926],{},"Do ",[3868,11925,4762],{}," do this:",[35,11928,11930],{"className":37,"code":11929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11931,11932,11964,11978,11982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11933,11934,11936,11938,11940,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11935,11829],{"class":50},[44,11937,55],{"class":54},[44,11939,59],{"class":58},[44,11941,63],{"class":62},[44,11943,2291],{"class":66},[44,11945,63],{"class":62},[44,11947,72],{"class":58},[44,11949,504],{"class":95},[44,11951,83],{"class":58},[44,11953,75],{"class":62},[44,11955,11850],{"class":66},[44,11957,63],{"class":62},[44,11959,72],{"class":58},[44,11961,1012],{"class":95},[44,11963,99],{"class":58},[44,11965,11966,11968,11970,11972,11974,11976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,11967,11829],{"class":50},[44,11969,55],{"class":54},[44,11971,11871],{"class":50},[44,11973,108],{"class":58},[44,11975,11489],{"class":111},[44,11977,1635],{"class":58},[44,11979,11980],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,11981,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,11983,11984,11986,11988,11990],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,11985,154],{"class":153},[44,11987,157],{"class":58},[44,11989,1850],{"class":111},[44,11991,162],{"class":58},[20,11993,330],{},[35,11995,11996],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11997,11998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11999,12000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12001,1401],{"class":1400},[20,12003,12004],{},"Why this happens:",[192,12006,12007,12013,12018],{},[195,12008,12009,12012],{},[15,12010,12011],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[195,12014,12015,12016],{},"The method returns ",[15,12017,217],{},[195,12019,12020,12021,12024,12025,12027],{},"Then ",[15,12022,12023],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12026,217],{}," in the variable",[20,12029,12030,12031,12033],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12032,11428],{}," by itself:",[35,12035,12037],{"className":37,"code":12036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12038,12039,12071,12081,12085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12040,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12042,11829],{"class":50},[44,12044,55],{"class":54},[44,12046,59],{"class":58},[44,12048,63],{"class":62},[44,12050,2291],{"class":66},[44,12052,63],{"class":62},[44,12054,72],{"class":58},[44,12056,504],{"class":95},[44,12058,83],{"class":58},[44,12060,75],{"class":62},[44,12062,11850],{"class":66},[44,12064,63],{"class":62},[44,12066,72],{"class":58},[44,12068,1012],{"class":95},[44,12070,99],{"class":58},[44,12072,12073,12075,12077,12079],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12074,1850],{"class":50},[44,12076,108],{"class":58},[44,12078,11489],{"class":111},[44,12080,1635],{"class":58},[44,12082,12083],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12084,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12086,12087,12089,12091,12093,12095],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,12088,154],{"class":153},[44,12090,157],{"class":58},[44,12092,1850],{"class":111},[44,12094,3786],{"class":58},[44,12096,11504],{"class":168},[30,12098,12100,12102],{"id":12099},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12101,11428],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12104,12105],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,12107,12108],{"className":37,"code":11549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12109,12110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12111,12112,12114,12116,12118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12113,1850],{"class":50},[44,12115,108],{"class":58},[44,12117,11489],{"class":111},[44,12119,1635],{"class":58},[35,12121,12123],{"className":37,"code":12122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12124,12125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12126,12127,12129,12131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12128,11829],{"class":50},[44,12130,55],{"class":54},[44,12132,1238],{"class":58},[1960,12134,12135],{"id":11489},[15,12136,11428],{},[192,12138,12139,12142,12145],{},[195,12140,12141],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[195,12143,12144],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[195,12146,12147],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1960,12149,12150],{"id":1850},[15,12151,12152],{},"my_dict = {}",[192,12154,12155,12158,12161],{},[195,12156,12157],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[195,12159,12160],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[195,12162,12163],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12165,12166,12167,108],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[395,12168,12170],{"href":12169},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,12172,12174],{"id":12173},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12176,12177,12178,12180],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12179,11428],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,12182,12184],{"className":37,"code":12183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12185,12186,12218,12228,12232,12242,12246,12265,12285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12187,12188,12190,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210,12212,12214,12216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12189,1585],{"class":50},[44,12191,55],{"class":54},[44,12193,59],{"class":58},[44,12195,63],{"class":62},[44,12197,395],{"class":66},[44,12199,63],{"class":62},[44,12201,72],{"class":58},[44,12203,504],{"class":95},[44,12205,83],{"class":58},[44,12207,75],{"class":62},[44,12209,1005],{"class":66},[44,12211,63],{"class":62},[44,12213,72],{"class":58},[44,12215,1012],{"class":95},[44,12217,99],{"class":58},[44,12219,12220,12223,12225],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12221,12222],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,12224,55],{"class":54},[44,12226,12227],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,12229,12230],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12231,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12233,12234,12236,12238,12240],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,12235,1692],{"class":50},[44,12237,108],{"class":58},[44,12239,11489],{"class":111},[44,12241,1635],{"class":58},[44,12243,12244],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,12245,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12247,12248,12250,12252,12254,12257,12259,12261,12263],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,12249,154],{"class":153},[44,12251,157],{"class":58},[44,12253,63],{"class":62},[44,12255,12256],{"class":66},"original:",[44,12258,63],{"class":62},[44,12260,83],{"class":58},[44,12262,1627],{"class":111},[44,12264,162],{"class":58},[44,12266,12267,12269,12271,12273,12276,12278,12280,12283],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,12268,154],{"class":153},[44,12270,157],{"class":58},[44,12272,63],{"class":62},[44,12274,12275],{"class":66},"other_ref:",[44,12277,63],{"class":62},[44,12279,83],{"class":58},[44,12281,12282],{"class":111}," other_ref",[44,12284,162],{"class":58},[44,12286,12287,12289,12291,12293,12296,12298],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,12288,154],{"class":153},[44,12290,157],{"class":58},[44,12292,1585],{"class":111},[44,12294,12295],{"class":4002},"is",[44,12297,12282],{"class":111},[44,12299,162],{"class":58},[20,12301,330],{},[35,12303,12305],{"className":37,"code":12304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12306,12307,12315,12324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12308,12309,12311,12313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12310,1692],{"class":50},[44,12312,72],{"class":58},[44,12314,1238],{"class":58},[44,12316,12317,12320,12322],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12318,12319],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,12321,72],{"class":58},[44,12323,1238],{"class":58},[44,12325,12326],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12327,4107],{"class":1400},[20,12329,12330],{},"This shows:",[192,12332,12333,12340,12345],{},[195,12334,12335,4523,12337,12339],{},[15,12336,1692],{},[15,12338,12319],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[195,12341,12342,12344],{},[15,12343,11428],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[195,12346,12347],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12349,12350],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,12352,12354],{"className":37,"code":12353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12355,12356,12388,12396,12400,12408,12412,12430,12448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12357,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384,12386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12359,1585],{"class":50},[44,12361,55],{"class":54},[44,12363,59],{"class":58},[44,12365,63],{"class":62},[44,12367,395],{"class":66},[44,12369,63],{"class":62},[44,12371,72],{"class":58},[44,12373,504],{"class":95},[44,12375,83],{"class":58},[44,12377,75],{"class":62},[44,12379,1005],{"class":66},[44,12381,63],{"class":62},[44,12383,72],{"class":58},[44,12385,1012],{"class":95},[44,12387,99],{"class":58},[44,12389,12390,12392,12394],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12391,12222],{"class":50},[44,12393,55],{"class":54},[44,12395,12227],{"class":50},[44,12397,12398],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12399,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12401,12402,12404,12406],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,12403,1585],{"class":50},[44,12405,55],{"class":54},[44,12407,1238],{"class":58},[44,12409,12410],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,12411,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12413,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,12415,154],{"class":153},[44,12417,157],{"class":58},[44,12419,63],{"class":62},[44,12421,12256],{"class":66},[44,12423,63],{"class":62},[44,12425,83],{"class":58},[44,12427,1627],{"class":111},[44,12429,162],{"class":58},[44,12431,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,12433,154],{"class":153},[44,12435,157],{"class":58},[44,12437,63],{"class":62},[44,12439,12275],{"class":66},[44,12441,63],{"class":62},[44,12443,83],{"class":58},[44,12445,12282],{"class":111},[44,12447,162],{"class":58},[44,12449,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,12451,154],{"class":153},[44,12453,157],{"class":58},[44,12455,1585],{"class":111},[44,12457,12295],{"class":4002},[44,12459,12282],{"class":111},[44,12461,162],{"class":58},[20,12463,330],{},[35,12465,12467],{"className":37,"code":12466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12468,12469,12477,12509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12470,12471,12473,12475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12472,1692],{"class":50},[44,12474,72],{"class":58},[44,12476,1238],{"class":58},[44,12478,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12480,12319],{"class":50},[44,12482,72],{"class":58},[44,12484,59],{"class":58},[44,12486,343],{"class":62},[44,12488,395],{"class":66},[44,12490,343],{"class":62},[44,12492,72],{"class":58},[44,12494,504],{"class":95},[44,12496,83],{"class":58},[44,12498,352],{"class":62},[44,12500,1005],{"class":66},[44,12502,343],{"class":62},[44,12504,72],{"class":58},[44,12506,1012],{"class":95},[44,12508,99],{"class":58},[44,12510,12511],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12512,4168],{"class":1400},[20,12514,2296],{},[192,12516,12517,12523],{},[195,12518,12519,12522],{},[15,12520,12521],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[195,12524,12525,12527],{},[15,12526,12319],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12529,12530,12531,108],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[395,12532,12534],{"href":12533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12535,12536],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12538,1551,12540],{"id":12539},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12541,11428],{},[20,12543,12544,12546],{},[15,12545,11428],{}," is useful when you want to:",[192,12548,12549,12552,12555],{},[195,12550,12551],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[195,12553,12554],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[195,12556,12557],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12559,223],{},[35,12561,12563],{"className":37,"code":12562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12564,12565,12574,12590,12609,12622,12626,12630,12635,12646,12650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12566,12567,12570,12572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12568,12569],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12571,55],{"class":54},[44,12573,11598],{"class":58},[44,12575,12576,12578,12581,12583,12585,12588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12577,11603],{"class":62},[44,12579,12580],{"class":66},"user_id",[44,12582,63],{"class":62},[44,12584,72],{"class":58},[44,12586,12587],{"class":95}," 101",[44,12589,11619],{"class":58},[44,12591,12592,12594,12596,12598,12600,12602,12605,12607],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12593,11603],{"class":62},[44,12595,610],{"class":66},[44,12597,63],{"class":62},[44,12599,72],{"class":58},[44,12601,75],{"class":62},[44,12603,12604],{"class":66},"dark",[44,12606,63],{"class":62},[44,12608,11619],{"class":58},[44,12610,12611,12613,12616,12618,12620],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,12612,11603],{"class":62},[44,12614,12615],{"class":66},"logged_in",[44,12617,63],{"class":62},[44,12619,72],{"class":58},[44,12621,6552],{"class":1400},[44,12623,12624],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,12625,99],{"class":58},[44,12627,12628],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,12629,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12631,12632],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,12633,12634],{"class":168},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,12636,12637,12640,12642,12644],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,12638,12639],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,12641,108],{"class":58},[44,12643,11489],{"class":111},[44,12645,1635],{"class":58},[44,12647,12648],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,12649,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,12651,12652,12654,12656,12658,12660],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,12653,154],{"class":153},[44,12655,157],{"class":58},[44,12657,12639],{"class":111},[44,12659,3786],{"class":58},[44,12661,11504],{"class":168},[20,12663,12664,12665,12671,12672,108,12676,12678,12679,108],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[395,12666,12668],{"href":12667},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12669,12670],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[395,12673,12675],{"href":12674},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9961,12677],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[395,12680,12682],{"href":12681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12683,12684],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,12686,1803],{"id":1802},[20,12688,1806,12689,72],{},[15,12690,11428],{},[192,12692,12693,12698,12702,12705],{},[195,12694,1813,12695,12697],{},[15,12696,11428],{}," to a variable",[195,12699,1821,12700,1824],{},[15,12701,11428],{},[195,12703,12704],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[195,12706,12707],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12709,12710],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,12712,12714],{"className":37,"code":12713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12715,12716,12726,12740,12755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12717,12718,12720,12722,12724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12719,154],{"class":153},[44,12721,157],{"class":58},[44,12723,1850],{"class":111},[44,12725,162],{"class":58},[44,12727,12728,12730,12732,12734,12736,12738],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12729,154],{"class":153},[44,12731,157],{"class":58},[44,12733,1862],{"class":1861},[44,12735,157],{"class":58},[44,12737,1850],{"class":111},[44,12739,1869],{"class":58},[44,12741,12742,12744,12746,12749,12751,12753],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,12743,154],{"class":153},[44,12745,157],{"class":58},[44,12747,12748],{"class":153},"id",[44,12750,157],{"class":58},[44,12752,1850],{"class":111},[44,12754,1869],{"class":58},[44,12756,12757,12759,12761,12763,12765,12767],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,12758,154],{"class":153},[44,12760,157],{"class":58},[44,12762,12222],{"class":111},[44,12764,12295],{"class":4002},[44,12766,11871],{"class":111},[44,12768,162],{"class":58},[20,12770,12771],{},"What these show:",[192,12773,12774,12780,12786,12792],{},[195,12775,12776,12779],{},[15,12777,12778],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[195,12781,12782,12785],{},[15,12783,12784],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[195,12787,12788,12791],{},[15,12789,12790],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[195,12793,12794,12797],{},[15,12795,12796],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12799,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,12801,1963,12803,12805],{"id":12802},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12804,11428],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12807,12808],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1960,12810,5273,12812,12814],{"id":12811},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12813,11433],{}," return?",[20,12816,214,12817,108],{},[15,12818,217],{},[1960,12820,2007,12822,4523,12824,2610],{"id":12821},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12823,11428],{},[15,12825,3917],{},[20,12827,12828,12830,12831,12833],{},[15,12829,11428],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12832,3917],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1960,12835,1963,12837,12839],{"id":12836},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12838,11428],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12841,12842],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12844,2020],{"id":2019},[192,12846,12847,12851,12855,12862,12869,12876,12881],{},[195,12848,12849],{},[395,12850,9285],{"href":9284},[195,12852,12853],{},[395,12854,11352],{"href":397},[195,12856,12857],{},[395,12858,10848,12859,10852],{"href":12667},[15,12860,12861],{},"pop()",[195,12863,12864],{},[395,12865,10848,12866,10852],{"href":12681},[15,12867,12868],{},"popitem()",[195,12870,12871],{},[395,12872,10848,12873,10852],{"href":12533},[15,12874,12875],{},"copy()",[195,12877,12878],{},[395,12879,12880],{"href":12169},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[195,12882,12883],{},[395,12884,12885],{"href":12674},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2048,12887,12888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":12890},[12891,12892,12894,12895,12896,12900,12905,12906,12908,12909,12919],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":11512,"depth":102,"text":12893},"What clear() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":11807,"depth":102,"text":12897,"children":12898},"What clear() returns",[12899],{"id":11919,"depth":150,"text":11920},{"id":12099,"depth":102,"text":12901,"children":12902},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12903,12904],{"id":11489,"depth":150,"text":11428},{"id":1850,"depth":150,"text":12152},{"id":12173,"depth":102,"text":12174},{"id":12539,"depth":102,"text":12907},"When to use clear()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":12910},[12911,12913,12915,12917],{"id":12802,"depth":150,"text":12912},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12811,"depth":150,"text":12914},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12821,"depth":150,"text":12916},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12836,"depth":150,"text":12918},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11420,"description":12920},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12927,"title":12928,"body":12929,"description":15082,"extension":2080,"meta":15083,"navigation":682,"path":15084,"seo":15085,"stem":15086,"__hash__":15087},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12930,"toc":15054},[12931,12936,12941,12951,12953,13039,13043,13084,13089,13096,13114,13123,13125,13146,13149,13161,13163,13242,13246,13287,13289,13292,13418,13422,13502,13504,13522,13525,13529,13535,13537,13548,13550,13743,13747,13853,13856,13874,13877,13884,13889,13893,13907,13909,14032,14036,14116,14128,14134,14136,14144,14148,14274,14278,14352,14357,14488,14492,14566,14569,14583,14587,14591,14605,14607,14743,14747,14816,14818,14823,14845,14848,14954,14957,14968,14975,14977,14983,14986,14993,14996,15003,15011,15015,15018,15020,15051],[10,12932,13,12934,18],{"id":12933},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12935,12875],{},[20,12937,12938,12940],{},[15,12939,12536],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12942,12943,12944,12946,12947,12950],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12945,12875],{}," makes a ",[3868,12948,12949],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12952,33],{"id":32},[35,12954,12956],{"className":37,"code":12955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12957,12958,12994,13010,13014,13025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12959,12960,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12961,233],{"class":50},[44,12963,55],{"class":54},[44,12965,59],{"class":58},[44,12967,63],{"class":62},[44,12969,67],{"class":66},[44,12971,63],{"class":62},[44,12973,72],{"class":58},[44,12975,75],{"class":62},[44,12977,78],{"class":66},[44,12979,63],{"class":62},[44,12981,83],{"class":58},[44,12983,75],{"class":62},[44,12985,88],{"class":66},[44,12987,63],{"class":62},[44,12989,72],{"class":58},[44,12991,96],{"class":95},[44,12993,99],{"class":58},[44,12995,12996,12999,13001,13004,13006,13008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,12997,12998],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,13000,55],{"class":54},[44,13002,13003],{"class":50}," student",[44,13005,108],{"class":58},[44,13007,1632],{"class":111},[44,13009,1635],{"class":58},[44,13011,13012],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,13013,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13015,13016,13018,13020,13023],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,13017,154],{"class":153},[44,13019,157],{"class":58},[44,13021,13022],{"class":111},"student_copy",[44,13024,162],{"class":58},[44,13026,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,13028,154],{"class":153},[44,13030,157],{"class":58},[44,13032,12998],{"class":111},[44,13034,12295],{"class":4002},[44,13036,13003],{"class":111},[44,13038,162],{"class":58},[20,13040,13041],{},[3868,13042,330],{},[35,13044,13046],{"className":37,"code":13045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13047,13048,13080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13049,13050,13052,13054,13056,13058,13060,13062,13064,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13051,340],{"class":58},[44,13053,343],{"class":62},[44,13055,67],{"class":66},[44,13057,343],{"class":62},[44,13059,72],{"class":58},[44,13061,352],{"class":62},[44,13063,78],{"class":66},[44,13065,343],{"class":62},[44,13067,83],{"class":58},[44,13069,352],{"class":62},[44,13071,88],{"class":66},[44,13073,343],{"class":62},[44,13075,72],{"class":58},[44,13077,96],{"class":95},[44,13079,99],{"class":58},[44,13081,13082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13083,4168],{"class":1400},[20,13085,172,13086,13088],{},[15,13087,12875],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,13090,13092,13093,13095],{"id":13091},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13094,12875],{}," method does",[192,13097,13098,13103,13106,13111],{},[195,13099,13100,13102],{},[15,13101,12536],{}," returns a new dictionary",[195,13104,13105],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[195,13107,13108,13109],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13110,12875],{},[195,13112,13113],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13115,13116,13117,2997,13120,108],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[395,13118,9285],{"href":13119},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[395,13121,9507],{"href":13122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,13124,402],{"id":401},[35,13126,13128],{"className":37,"code":13127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13129,13130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13131,13132,13135,13137,13140,13142,13144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13133,13134],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,13136,55],{"class":54},[44,13138,13139],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,13141,108],{"class":58},[44,13143,1632],{"class":111},[44,13145,1635],{"class":58},[20,13147,13148],{},"Key points:",[192,13150,13151,13155,13158],{},[195,13152,13153,11571],{},[15,13154,12875],{},[195,13156,13157],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[195,13159,13160],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13162,223],{},[35,13164,13166],{"className":37,"code":13165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13167,13168,13211,13227,13231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13169,13170,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13207,13209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13171,13172],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,13174,55],{"class":54},[44,13176,59],{"class":58},[44,13178,63],{"class":62},[44,13180,395],{"class":66},[44,13182,63],{"class":62},[44,13184,72],{"class":58},[44,13186,75],{"class":62},[44,13188,13189],{"class":66},"red",[44,13191,63],{"class":62},[44,13193,83],{"class":58},[44,13195,75],{"class":62},[44,13197,1005],{"class":66},[44,13199,63],{"class":62},[44,13201,72],{"class":58},[44,13203,75],{"class":62},[44,13205,13206],{"class":66},"blue",[44,13208,63],{"class":62},[44,13210,99],{"class":58},[44,13212,13213,13216,13218,13221,13223,13225],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13214,13215],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,13217,55],{"class":54},[44,13219,13220],{"class":50}," colors",[44,13222,108],{"class":58},[44,13224,1632],{"class":111},[44,13226,1635],{"class":58},[44,13228,13229],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,13230,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13232,13233,13235,13237,13240],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,13234,154],{"class":153},[44,13236,157],{"class":58},[44,13238,13239],{"class":111},"new_colors",[44,13241,162],{"class":58},[20,13243,13244],{},[3868,13245,330],{},[35,13247,13249],{"className":37,"code":13248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13250,13251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13252,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13254,340],{"class":58},[44,13256,343],{"class":62},[44,13258,395],{"class":66},[44,13260,343],{"class":62},[44,13262,72],{"class":58},[44,13264,352],{"class":62},[44,13266,13189],{"class":66},[44,13268,343],{"class":62},[44,13270,83],{"class":58},[44,13272,352],{"class":62},[44,13274,1005],{"class":66},[44,13276,343],{"class":62},[44,13278,72],{"class":58},[44,13280,352],{"class":62},[44,13282,13206],{"class":66},[44,13284,343],{"class":62},[44,13286,99],{"class":58},[30,13288,11581],{"id":11580},[20,13290,13291],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,13293,13295],{"className":37,"code":13294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13296,13297,13334,13349,13353,13375,13379,13398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13298,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13300,51],{"class":50},[44,13302,55],{"class":54},[44,13304,59],{"class":58},[44,13306,63],{"class":62},[44,13308,67],{"class":66},[44,13310,63],{"class":62},[44,13312,72],{"class":58},[44,13314,75],{"class":62},[44,13316,13317],{"class":66},"Liam",[44,13319,63],{"class":62},[44,13321,83],{"class":58},[44,13323,75],{"class":62},[44,13325,88],{"class":66},[44,13327,63],{"class":62},[44,13329,72],{"class":58},[44,13331,1164],{"class":95},[44,13333,99],{"class":58},[44,13335,13336,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13337,13338],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,13340,55],{"class":54},[44,13342,1345],{"class":50},[44,13344,108],{"class":58},[44,13346,1632],{"class":111},[44,13348,1635],{"class":58},[44,13350,13351],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,13352,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13354,13355,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13369,13372],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,13356,13357],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,13359,4027],{"class":58},[44,13361,63],{"class":62},[44,13363,88],{"class":66},[44,13365,63],{"class":62},[44,13367,13368],{"class":58},"]",[44,13370,13371],{"class":54}," =",[44,13373,13374],{"class":95}," 26\n",[44,13376,13377],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,13378,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13380,13381,13383,13385,13387,13390,13392,13394,13396],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,13382,154],{"class":153},[44,13384,157],{"class":58},[44,13386,63],{"class":62},[44,13388,13389],{"class":66},"Original:",[44,13391,63],{"class":62},[44,13393,83],{"class":58},[44,13395,1345],{"class":111},[44,13397,162],{"class":58},[44,13399,13400,13402,13404,13406,13409,13411,13413,13416],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,13401,154],{"class":153},[44,13403,157],{"class":58},[44,13405,63],{"class":62},[44,13407,13408],{"class":66},"Copy:",[44,13410,63],{"class":62},[44,13412,83],{"class":58},[44,13414,13415],{"class":111}," person_copy",[44,13417,162],{"class":58},[20,13419,13420],{},[3868,13421,330],{},[35,13423,13425],{"className":37,"code":13424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13426,13427,13464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13428,13429,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456,13458,13460,13462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13430,13431],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13433,72],{"class":58},[44,13435,59],{"class":58},[44,13437,343],{"class":62},[44,13439,67],{"class":66},[44,13441,343],{"class":62},[44,13443,72],{"class":58},[44,13445,352],{"class":62},[44,13447,13317],{"class":66},[44,13449,343],{"class":62},[44,13451,83],{"class":58},[44,13453,352],{"class":62},[44,13455,88],{"class":66},[44,13457,343],{"class":62},[44,13459,72],{"class":58},[44,13461,1164],{"class":95},[44,13463,99],{"class":58},[44,13465,13466,13469,13471,13473,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13500],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13467,13468],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13470,72],{"class":58},[44,13472,59],{"class":58},[44,13474,343],{"class":62},[44,13476,67],{"class":66},[44,13478,343],{"class":62},[44,13480,72],{"class":58},[44,13482,352],{"class":62},[44,13484,13317],{"class":66},[44,13486,343],{"class":62},[44,13488,83],{"class":58},[44,13490,352],{"class":62},[44,13492,88],{"class":66},[44,13494,343],{"class":62},[44,13496,72],{"class":58},[44,13498,13499],{"class":95}," 26",[44,13501,99],{"class":58},[20,13503,768],{},[192,13505,13506,13512,13519],{},[195,13507,13508,13511],{},[15,13509,13510],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[195,13513,13514,13515,13518],{},"Changing ",[15,13516,13517],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[195,13520,13521],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13523,13524],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13526,13528],{"id":13527},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13530,13531,12946,13533,108],{},[15,13532,12875],{},[3868,13534,12949],{},[20,13536,2224],{},[192,13538,13539,13542,13545],{},[195,13540,13541],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[195,13543,13544],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[195,13546,13547],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13549,223],{},[35,13551,13553],{"className":37,"code":13552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13554,13555,13563,13581,13603,13607,13611,13625,13629,13654,13658,13676,13695,13710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13556,13557,13559,13561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13558,233],{"class":50},[44,13560,55],{"class":54},[44,13562,11598],{"class":58},[44,13564,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13566,11603],{"class":62},[44,13568,67],{"class":66},[44,13570,63],{"class":62},[44,13572,72],{"class":58},[44,13574,75],{"class":62},[44,13576,78],{"class":66},[44,13578,63],{"class":62},[44,13580,11619],{"class":58},[44,13582,13583,13585,13588,13590,13592,13594,13597,13599,13601],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,13584,11603],{"class":62},[44,13586,13587],{"class":66},"grades",[44,13589,63],{"class":62},[44,13591,72],{"class":58},[44,13593,3746],{"class":58},[44,13595,13596],{"class":95},"90",[44,13598,83],{"class":58},[44,13600,851],{"class":95},[44,13602,3759],{"class":58},[44,13604,13605],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,13606,99],{"class":58},[44,13608,13609],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,13610,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13612,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,13614,12998],{"class":50},[44,13616,55],{"class":54},[44,13618,13003],{"class":50},[44,13620,108],{"class":58},[44,13622,1632],{"class":111},[44,13624,1635],{"class":58},[44,13626,13627],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,13628,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13630,13631,13633,13635,13637,13639,13641,13644,13647,13649,13652],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,13632,13022],{"class":50},[44,13634,4027],{"class":58},[44,13636,63],{"class":62},[44,13638,13587],{"class":66},[44,13640,63],{"class":62},[44,13642,13643],{"class":58},"].",[44,13645,13646],{"class":111},"append",[44,13648,157],{"class":58},[44,13650,13651],{"class":95},"100",[44,13653,162],{"class":58},[44,13655,13656],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,13657,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13659,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,13661,154],{"class":153},[44,13663,157],{"class":58},[44,13665,63],{"class":62},[44,13667,13389],{"class":66},[44,13669,63],{"class":62},[44,13671,83],{"class":58},[44,13673,13003],{"class":111},[44,13675,162],{"class":58},[44,13677,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13688,13690,13693],{"class":46,"line":11699},[44,13679,154],{"class":153},[44,13681,157],{"class":58},[44,13683,63],{"class":62},[44,13685,13408],{"class":66},[44,13687,63],{"class":62},[44,13689,83],{"class":58},[44,13691,13692],{"class":111}," student_copy",[44,13694,162],{"class":58},[44,13696,13698,13700,13702,13704,13706,13708],{"class":46,"line":13697},12,[44,13699,154],{"class":153},[44,13701,157],{"class":58},[44,13703,233],{"class":111},[44,13705,12295],{"class":4002},[44,13707,13692],{"class":111},[44,13709,162],{"class":58},[44,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741],{"class":46,"line":13712},13,[44,13714,154],{"class":153},[44,13716,157],{"class":58},[44,13718,277],{"class":111},[44,13720,4027],{"class":58},[44,13722,63],{"class":62},[44,13724,13587],{"class":66},[44,13726,63],{"class":62},[44,13728,13368],{"class":58},[44,13730,8227],{"class":4002},[44,13732,13692],{"class":111},[44,13734,4027],{"class":58},[44,13736,63],{"class":62},[44,13738,13587],{"class":66},[44,13740,63],{"class":62},[44,13742,4015],{"class":58},[20,13744,13745],{},[3868,13746,330],{},[35,13748,13750],{"className":37,"code":13749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13751,13752,13799,13845,13849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13753,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13755,13431],{"class":50},[44,13757,72],{"class":58},[44,13759,59],{"class":58},[44,13761,343],{"class":62},[44,13763,67],{"class":66},[44,13765,343],{"class":62},[44,13767,72],{"class":58},[44,13769,352],{"class":62},[44,13771,78],{"class":66},[44,13773,343],{"class":62},[44,13775,83],{"class":58},[44,13777,352],{"class":62},[44,13779,13587],{"class":66},[44,13781,343],{"class":62},[44,13783,72],{"class":58},[44,13785,3746],{"class":58},[44,13787,13596],{"class":95},[44,13789,83],{"class":58},[44,13791,851],{"class":95},[44,13793,83],{"class":58},[44,13795,10233],{"class":95},[44,13797,13798],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,13800,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13802,13468],{"class":50},[44,13804,72],{"class":58},[44,13806,59],{"class":58},[44,13808,343],{"class":62},[44,13810,67],{"class":66},[44,13812,343],{"class":62},[44,13814,72],{"class":58},[44,13816,352],{"class":62},[44,13818,78],{"class":66},[44,13820,343],{"class":62},[44,13822,83],{"class":58},[44,13824,352],{"class":62},[44,13826,13587],{"class":66},[44,13828,343],{"class":62},[44,13830,72],{"class":58},[44,13832,3746],{"class":58},[44,13834,13596],{"class":95},[44,13836,83],{"class":58},[44,13838,851],{"class":95},[44,13840,83],{"class":58},[44,13842,10233],{"class":95},[44,13844,13798],{"class":58},[44,13846,13847],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,13848,4168],{"class":1400},[44,13850,13851],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,13852,4107],{"class":1400},[20,13854,13855],{},"Notice the difference:",[192,13857,13858,13866],{},[195,13859,13860,4915,13863,13865],{},[15,13861,13862],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13864,3799],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[195,13867,13868,4915,13871,13873],{},[15,13869,13870],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13872,3726],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13875,13876],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13878,13879,13880,108],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[395,13881,13883],{"href":13882},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13885,1551,13887],{"id":13886},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13888,12875],{},[20,13890,172,13891,1558],{},[15,13892,12875],{},[192,13894,13895,13898,13901,13904],{},[195,13896,13897],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[195,13899,13900],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[195,13902,13903],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[195,13905,13906],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13908,223],{},[35,13910,13912],{"className":37,"code":13911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13913,13914,13950,13966,13970,13989,13993,14012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13915,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13917,601],{"class":50},[44,13919,55],{"class":54},[44,13921,59],{"class":58},[44,13923,63],{"class":62},[44,13925,610],{"class":66},[44,13927,63],{"class":62},[44,13929,72],{"class":58},[44,13931,75],{"class":62},[44,13933,12604],{"class":66},[44,13935,63],{"class":62},[44,13937,83],{"class":58},[44,13939,75],{"class":62},[44,13941,628],{"class":66},[44,13943,63],{"class":62},[44,13945,72],{"class":58},[44,13947,657],{"class":95},[44,13949,99],{"class":58},[44,13951,13952,13955,13957,13960,13962,13964],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,13953,13954],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13956,55],{"class":54},[44,13958,13959],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13961,108],{"class":58},[44,13963,1632],{"class":111},[44,13965,1635],{"class":58},[44,13967,13968],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,13969,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13971,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,13973,688],{"class":50},[44,13975,4027],{"class":58},[44,13977,63],{"class":62},[44,13979,628],{"class":66},[44,13981,63],{"class":62},[44,13983,13368],{"class":58},[44,13985,13371],{"class":54},[44,13987,13988],{"class":95}," 16\n",[44,13990,13991],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,13992,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,13994,13995,13997,13999,14001,14004,14006,14008,14010],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,13996,154],{"class":153},[44,13998,157],{"class":58},[44,14000,63],{"class":62},[44,14002,14003],{"class":66},"Current:",[44,14005,63],{"class":62},[44,14007,83],{"class":58},[44,14009,13959],{"class":111},[44,14011,162],{"class":58},[44,14013,14014,14016,14018,14020,14023,14025,14027,14030],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,14015,154],{"class":153},[44,14017,157],{"class":58},[44,14019,63],{"class":62},[44,14021,14022],{"class":66},"Backup:",[44,14024,63],{"class":62},[44,14026,83],{"class":58},[44,14028,14029],{"class":111}," settings_backup",[44,14031,162],{"class":58},[20,14033,14034],{},[3868,14035,330],{},[35,14037,14039],{"className":37,"code":14038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14040,14041,14079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14042,14043,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14044,14045],{"class":50},"Current",[44,14047,72],{"class":58},[44,14049,59],{"class":58},[44,14051,343],{"class":62},[44,14053,610],{"class":66},[44,14055,343],{"class":62},[44,14057,72],{"class":58},[44,14059,352],{"class":62},[44,14061,12604],{"class":66},[44,14063,343],{"class":62},[44,14065,83],{"class":58},[44,14067,352],{"class":62},[44,14069,628],{"class":66},[44,14071,343],{"class":62},[44,14073,72],{"class":58},[44,14075,14076],{"class":95}," 16",[44,14078,99],{"class":58},[44,14080,14081,14084,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14082,14083],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,14085,72],{"class":58},[44,14087,59],{"class":58},[44,14089,343],{"class":62},[44,14091,610],{"class":66},[44,14093,343],{"class":62},[44,14095,72],{"class":58},[44,14097,352],{"class":62},[44,14099,12604],{"class":66},[44,14101,343],{"class":62},[44,14103,83],{"class":58},[44,14105,352],{"class":62},[44,14107,628],{"class":66},[44,14109,343],{"class":62},[44,14111,72],{"class":58},[44,14113,657],{"class":95},[44,14115,99],{"class":58},[20,14117,14118,14119,2997,14124,108],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[395,14120,14121],{"href":2082},[15,14122,14123],{},"dict.update()",[395,14125,14126],{"href":12922},[15,14127,11433],{},[30,14129,14131,14133],{"id":14130},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14132,12875],{}," vs assignment",[20,14135,1303],{},[20,14137,567,14138,14140,14141,14143],{},[15,14139,55],{}," does ",[3868,14142,4762],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1960,14145,14147],{"id":14146},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,14149,14151],{"className":37,"code":14150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14152,14153,14185,14194,14198,14218,14222,14240,14260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14154,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14156,1585],{"class":50},[44,14158,55],{"class":54},[44,14160,59],{"class":58},[44,14162,63],{"class":62},[44,14164,2291],{"class":66},[44,14166,63],{"class":62},[44,14168,72],{"class":58},[44,14170,504],{"class":95},[44,14172,83],{"class":58},[44,14174,75],{"class":62},[44,14176,11850],{"class":66},[44,14178,63],{"class":62},[44,14180,72],{"class":58},[44,14182,1012],{"class":95},[44,14184,99],{"class":58},[44,14186,14187,14190,14192],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14188,14189],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,14191,55],{"class":54},[44,14193,12227],{"class":50},[44,14195,14196],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,14197,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,14199,14200,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,14201,14202],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,14204,4027],{"class":58},[44,14206,63],{"class":62},[44,14208,2291],{"class":66},[44,14210,63],{"class":62},[44,14212,13368],{"class":58},[44,14214,13371],{"class":54},[44,14216,14217],{"class":95}," 99\n",[44,14219,14220],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,14221,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,14223,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,14225,154],{"class":153},[44,14227,157],{"class":58},[44,14229,63],{"class":62},[44,14231,13389],{"class":66},[44,14233,63],{"class":62},[44,14235,83],{"class":58},[44,14237,1627],{"class":111},[44,14239,162],{"class":58},[44,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14251,14253,14255,14258],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,14243,154],{"class":153},[44,14245,157],{"class":58},[44,14247,63],{"class":62},[44,14249,14250],{"class":66},"Assigned:",[44,14252,63],{"class":62},[44,14254,83],{"class":58},[44,14256,14257],{"class":111}," assigned",[44,14259,162],{"class":58},[44,14261,14262,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,14263,154],{"class":153},[44,14265,157],{"class":58},[44,14267,1585],{"class":111},[44,14269,12295],{"class":4002},[44,14271,14257],{"class":111},[44,14273,162],{"class":58},[20,14275,14276],{},[3868,14277,330],{},[35,14279,14281],{"className":37,"code":14280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14282,14283,14315,14348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14284,14285,14287,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14286,13431],{"class":50},[44,14288,72],{"class":58},[44,14290,59],{"class":58},[44,14292,343],{"class":62},[44,14294,2291],{"class":66},[44,14296,343],{"class":62},[44,14298,72],{"class":58},[44,14300,10312],{"class":95},[44,14302,83],{"class":58},[44,14304,352],{"class":62},[44,14306,11850],{"class":66},[44,14308,343],{"class":62},[44,14310,72],{"class":58},[44,14312,1012],{"class":95},[44,14314,99],{"class":58},[44,14316,14317,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14318,14319],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,14321,72],{"class":58},[44,14323,59],{"class":58},[44,14325,343],{"class":62},[44,14327,2291],{"class":66},[44,14329,343],{"class":62},[44,14331,72],{"class":58},[44,14333,10312],{"class":95},[44,14335,83],{"class":58},[44,14337,352],{"class":62},[44,14339,11850],{"class":66},[44,14341,343],{"class":62},[44,14343,72],{"class":58},[44,14345,1012],{"class":95},[44,14347,99],{"class":58},[44,14349,14350],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,14351,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,14353,567,14355],{"id":14354},"using-copy",[15,14356,12875],{},[35,14358,14360],{"className":37,"code":14359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14361,14362,14394,14409,14413,14432,14436,14454,14474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14363,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14365,1585],{"class":50},[44,14367,55],{"class":54},[44,14369,59],{"class":58},[44,14371,63],{"class":62},[44,14373,2291],{"class":66},[44,14375,63],{"class":62},[44,14377,72],{"class":58},[44,14379,504],{"class":95},[44,14381,83],{"class":58},[44,14383,75],{"class":62},[44,14385,11850],{"class":66},[44,14387,63],{"class":62},[44,14389,72],{"class":58},[44,14391,1012],{"class":95},[44,14393,99],{"class":58},[44,14395,14396,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14397,14398],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,14400,55],{"class":54},[44,14402,1627],{"class":50},[44,14404,108],{"class":58},[44,14406,1632],{"class":111},[44,14408,1635],{"class":58},[44,14410,14411],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,14412,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,14414,14415,14418,14420,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,14416,14417],{"class":50},"copied",[44,14419,4027],{"class":58},[44,14421,63],{"class":62},[44,14423,2291],{"class":66},[44,14425,63],{"class":62},[44,14427,13368],{"class":58},[44,14429,13371],{"class":54},[44,14431,14217],{"class":95},[44,14433,14434],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,14435,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,14437,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,14439,154],{"class":153},[44,14441,157],{"class":58},[44,14443,63],{"class":62},[44,14445,13389],{"class":66},[44,14447,63],{"class":62},[44,14449,83],{"class":58},[44,14451,1627],{"class":111},[44,14453,162],{"class":58},[44,14455,14456,14458,14460,14462,14465,14467,14469,14472],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,14457,154],{"class":153},[44,14459,157],{"class":58},[44,14461,63],{"class":62},[44,14463,14464],{"class":66},"Copied:",[44,14466,63],{"class":62},[44,14468,83],{"class":58},[44,14470,14471],{"class":111}," copied",[44,14473,162],{"class":58},[44,14475,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,14477,154],{"class":153},[44,14479,157],{"class":58},[44,14481,1585],{"class":111},[44,14483,12295],{"class":4002},[44,14485,14471],{"class":111},[44,14487,162],{"class":58},[20,14489,14490],{},[3868,14491,330],{},[35,14493,14495],{"className":37,"code":14494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14496,14497,14529,14562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14498,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14500,13431],{"class":50},[44,14502,72],{"class":58},[44,14504,59],{"class":58},[44,14506,343],{"class":62},[44,14508,2291],{"class":66},[44,14510,343],{"class":62},[44,14512,72],{"class":58},[44,14514,504],{"class":95},[44,14516,83],{"class":58},[44,14518,352],{"class":62},[44,14520,11850],{"class":66},[44,14522,343],{"class":62},[44,14524,72],{"class":58},[44,14526,1012],{"class":95},[44,14528,99],{"class":58},[44,14530,14531,14534,14536,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14532,14533],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14535,72],{"class":58},[44,14537,59],{"class":58},[44,14539,343],{"class":62},[44,14541,2291],{"class":66},[44,14543,343],{"class":62},[44,14545,72],{"class":58},[44,14547,10312],{"class":95},[44,14549,83],{"class":58},[44,14551,352],{"class":62},[44,14553,11850],{"class":66},[44,14555,343],{"class":62},[44,14557,72],{"class":58},[44,14559,1012],{"class":95},[44,14561,99],{"class":58},[44,14563,14564],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,14565,4168],{"class":1400},[20,14567,14568],{},"Summary:",[192,14570,14571,14577],{},[195,14572,14573,14576],{},[15,14574,14575],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[195,14578,14579,14582],{},[15,14580,14581],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14584,14586],{"id":14585},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14588,14589,72],{},[15,14590,12875],{},[192,14592,14593,14596,14599,14602],{},[195,14594,14595],{},"Returns a dictionary",[195,14597,14598],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[195,14600,14601],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[195,14603,14604],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14606,223],{},[35,14608,14610],{"className":37,"code":14609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14611,14612,14644,14660,14664,14682,14702,14706,14724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14613,14614,14616,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14615,489],{"class":50},[44,14617,55],{"class":54},[44,14619,59],{"class":58},[44,14621,63],{"class":62},[44,14623,395],{"class":66},[44,14625,63],{"class":62},[44,14627,72],{"class":58},[44,14629,504],{"class":95},[44,14631,83],{"class":58},[44,14633,75],{"class":62},[44,14635,1005],{"class":66},[44,14637,63],{"class":62},[44,14639,72],{"class":58},[44,14641,1012],{"class":95},[44,14643,99],{"class":58},[44,14645,14646,14649,14651,14654,14656,14658],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14647,14648],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,14650,55],{"class":54},[44,14652,14653],{"class":50}," data",[44,14655,108],{"class":58},[44,14657,1632],{"class":111},[44,14659,1635],{"class":58},[44,14661,14662],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,14663,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,14665,14666,14668,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,14667,511],{"class":50},[44,14669,4027],{"class":58},[44,14671,63],{"class":62},[44,14673,395],{"class":66},[44,14675,63],{"class":62},[44,14677,13368],{"class":58},[44,14679,13371],{"class":54},[44,14681,2706],{"class":95},[44,14683,14684,14687,14689,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,14685,14686],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,14688,4027],{"class":58},[44,14690,63],{"class":62},[44,14692,1005],{"class":66},[44,14694,63],{"class":62},[44,14696,13368],{"class":58},[44,14698,13371],{"class":54},[44,14700,14701],{"class":95}," 20\n",[44,14703,14704],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,14705,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,14707,14708,14710,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,14709,154],{"class":153},[44,14711,157],{"class":58},[44,14713,63],{"class":62},[44,14715,13389],{"class":66},[44,14717,63],{"class":62},[44,14719,83],{"class":58},[44,14721,14653],{"class":111},[44,14723,162],{"class":58},[44,14725,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14741],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,14727,154],{"class":153},[44,14729,157],{"class":58},[44,14731,63],{"class":62},[44,14733,13408],{"class":66},[44,14735,63],{"class":62},[44,14737,83],{"class":58},[44,14739,14740],{"class":111}," data_copy",[44,14742,162],{"class":58},[20,14744,14745],{},[3868,14746,330],{},[35,14748,14750],{"className":37,"code":14749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14751,14752,14784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14753,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14755,13431],{"class":50},[44,14757,72],{"class":58},[44,14759,59],{"class":58},[44,14761,343],{"class":62},[44,14763,395],{"class":66},[44,14765,343],{"class":62},[44,14767,72],{"class":58},[44,14769,528],{"class":95},[44,14771,83],{"class":58},[44,14773,352],{"class":62},[44,14775,1005],{"class":66},[44,14777,343],{"class":62},[44,14779,72],{"class":58},[44,14781,1012],{"class":95},[44,14783,99],{"class":58},[44,14785,14786,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14787,13468],{"class":50},[44,14789,72],{"class":58},[44,14791,59],{"class":58},[44,14793,343],{"class":62},[44,14795,395],{"class":66},[44,14797,343],{"class":62},[44,14799,72],{"class":58},[44,14801,504],{"class":95},[44,14803,83],{"class":58},[44,14805,352],{"class":62},[44,14807,1005],{"class":66},[44,14809,343],{"class":62},[44,14811,72],{"class":58},[44,14813,96],{"class":95},[44,14815,99],{"class":58},[30,14817,1803],{"id":1802},[20,14819,14820,14821,72],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14822,12536],{},[192,14824,14825,14832,14837,14842],{},[195,14826,567,14827,11202,14829,14831],{},[15,14828,55],{},[15,14830,12875],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[195,14833,4710,14834,14836],{},[15,14835,12875],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[195,14838,14839,14840],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14841,12875],{},[195,14843,14844],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14846,14847],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14849,14851],{"className":37,"code":14850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14852,14853,14863,14873,14887,14910,14932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14854,14855,14857,14859,14861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14856,154],{"class":153},[44,14858,157],{"class":58},[44,14860,1692],{"class":111},[44,14862,162],{"class":58},[44,14864,14865,14867,14869,14871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,14866,154],{"class":153},[44,14868,157],{"class":58},[44,14870,14417],{"class":111},[44,14872,162],{"class":58},[44,14874,14875,14877,14879,14881,14883,14885],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,14876,154],{"class":153},[44,14878,157],{"class":58},[44,14880,1585],{"class":111},[44,14882,12295],{"class":4002},[44,14884,14471],{"class":111},[44,14886,162],{"class":58},[44,14888,14889,14891,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14904,14906,14908],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,14890,154],{"class":153},[44,14892,157],{"class":58},[44,14894,12748],{"class":153},[44,14896,157],{"class":58},[44,14898,1692],{"class":111},[44,14900,854],{"class":58},[44,14902,14903],{"class":153}," id",[44,14905,157],{"class":58},[44,14907,14417],{"class":111},[44,14909,1869],{"class":58},[44,14911,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,14913,154],{"class":153},[44,14915,157],{"class":58},[44,14917,12748],{"class":153},[44,14919,157],{"class":58},[44,14921,1692],{"class":111},[44,14923,4027],{"class":58},[44,14925,63],{"class":62},[44,14927,1904],{"class":66},[44,14929,63],{"class":62},[44,14931,3119],{"class":58},[44,14933,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,14935,154],{"class":153},[44,14937,157],{"class":58},[44,14939,12748],{"class":153},[44,14941,157],{"class":58},[44,14943,14417],{"class":111},[44,14945,4027],{"class":58},[44,14947,63],{"class":62},[44,14949,1904],{"class":66},[44,14951,63],{"class":62},[44,14953,3119],{"class":58},[20,14955,14956],{},"What these help you check:",[192,14958,14959,14962,14965],{},[195,14960,14961],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[195,14963,14964],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[195,14966,14967],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14969,14970,14971,108],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[395,14972,14974],{"href":14973},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,14976,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,14978,1963,14980,14982],{"id":14979},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14981,12536],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14984,14985],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1960,14987,14989,14990,14992],{"id":14988},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14991,12536],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14994,14995],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1960,14997,2007,14999,4523,15001,2610],{"id":14998},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15000,12875],{},[15,15002,55],{},[20,15004,15005,15007,15008,15010],{},[15,15006,12875],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15009,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1960,15012,15014],{"id":15013},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15016,15017],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,15019,2020],{"id":2019},[192,15021,15022,15026,15030,15034,15040,15046],{},[195,15023,15024],{},[395,15025,11352],{"href":13122},[195,15027,15028],{},[395,15029,9285],{"href":13119},[195,15031,15032],{},[395,15033,13883],{"href":13882},[195,15035,15036],{},[395,15037,10848,15038,10852],{"href":2082},[15,15039,17],{},[195,15041,15042],{},[395,15043,10848,15044,10852],{"href":12922},[15,15045,11428],{},[195,15047,15048],{},[395,15049,15050],{"href":14973},"How to copy a list in Python",[2048,15052,15053],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":15055},[15056,15057,15059,15060,15061,15062,15064,15070,15071,15072,15081],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":13091,"depth":102,"text":15058},"What the copy() method does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":13527,"depth":102,"text":13528},{"id":13886,"depth":102,"text":15063},"When to use copy()",{"id":14130,"depth":102,"text":15065,"children":15066},"copy() vs assignment",[15067,15068],{"id":14146,"depth":150,"text":14147},{"id":14354,"depth":150,"text":15069},"Using copy()",{"id":14585,"depth":102,"text":14586},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":15073},[15074,15076,15078,15080],{"id":14979,"depth":150,"text":15075},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14988,"depth":150,"text":15077},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14998,"depth":150,"text":15079},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15013,"depth":150,"text":15014},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12928,"description":15082},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15089,"title":15090,"body":15091,"description":17284,"extension":2080,"meta":17285,"navigation":682,"path":13122,"seo":17286,"stem":17287,"__hash__":17288},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15092,"toc":17246},[15093,15096,15102,15111,15113,15189,15193,15242,15245,15249,15263,15266,15270,15283,15286,15319,15333,15336,15348,15352,15355,15363,15443,15447,15500,15504,15522,15524,15606,15609,15611,15614,15617,15640,15664,15668,15676,15679,15683,15691,15696,15754,15758,15791,15797,15803,15806,15861,15865,15915,15918,15924,15927,15935,15937,15982,15987,15996,15999,16002,16049,16051,16056,16059,16152,16156,16209,16212,16268,16271,16275,16278,16292,16296,16362,16366,16391,16394,16398,16475,16479,16482,16485,16505,16508,16561,16565,16568,16571,16584,16586,16675,16680,16683,16694,16696,16699,16719,16723,16726,16735,16737,16776,16780,16782,16791,16800,16802,16840,16844,16891,16895,16916,16920,16923,17035,17040,17138,17160,17162,17166,17173,17177,17183,17187,17190,17194,17197,17204,17212,17214,17240,17243],[10,15094,15090],{"id":15095},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15097,15098,15099,15101],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3868,15100,9262],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15103,15104,15105,2997,15107,108],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[395,15106,9285],{"href":9284},[395,15108,15110],{"href":15109},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,15112,33],{"id":32},[35,15114,15116],{"className":37,"code":15115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15117,15118,15126,15144,15158,15171,15175,15179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15119,15120,15122,15124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15121,233],{"class":50},[44,15123,55],{"class":54},[44,15125,11598],{"class":58},[44,15127,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15129,11603],{"class":62},[44,15131,67],{"class":66},[44,15133,63],{"class":62},[44,15135,72],{"class":58},[44,15137,75],{"class":62},[44,15139,78],{"class":66},[44,15141,63],{"class":62},[44,15143,11619],{"class":58},[44,15145,15146,15148,15150,15152,15154,15156],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,15147,11603],{"class":62},[44,15149,88],{"class":66},[44,15151,63],{"class":62},[44,15153,72],{"class":58},[44,15155,96],{"class":95},[44,15157,11619],{"class":58},[44,15159,15160,15162,15165,15167,15169],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,15161,11603],{"class":62},[44,15163,15164],{"class":66},"is_active",[44,15166,63],{"class":62},[44,15168,72],{"class":58},[44,15170,6552],{"class":1400},[44,15172,15173],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,15174,99],{"class":58},[44,15176,15177],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,15178,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,15180,15181,15183,15185,15187],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,15182,154],{"class":153},[44,15184,157],{"class":58},[44,15186,277],{"class":111},[44,15188,162],{"class":58},[20,15190,15191],{},[3868,15192,330],{},[35,15194,15196],{"className":37,"code":15195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15197,15198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15199,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15201,340],{"class":58},[44,15203,343],{"class":62},[44,15205,67],{"class":66},[44,15207,343],{"class":62},[44,15209,72],{"class":58},[44,15211,352],{"class":62},[44,15213,78],{"class":66},[44,15215,343],{"class":62},[44,15217,83],{"class":58},[44,15219,352],{"class":62},[44,15221,88],{"class":66},[44,15223,343],{"class":62},[44,15225,72],{"class":58},[44,15227,96],{"class":95},[44,15229,83],{"class":58},[44,15231,352],{"class":62},[44,15233,15164],{"class":66},[44,15235,343],{"class":62},[44,15237,72],{"class":58},[44,15239,4043],{"class":1400},[44,15241,99],{"class":58},[20,15243,15244],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,15246,15248],{"id":15247},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[192,15250,15251,15254,15257,15260],{},[195,15252,15253],{},"What a dictionary is",[195,15255,15256],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[195,15258,15259],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[195,15261,15262],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,15264,15253],{"id":15265},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15267,9259,15268,108],{},[3868,15269,9262],{},[192,15271,15272,15278],{},[195,15273,15274,15275,15277],{},"A ",[3868,15276,1904],{}," is the label",[195,15279,15274,15280,15282],{},[3868,15281,2590],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15284,15285],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,15287,15289],{"className":37,"code":15288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15290,15291,15299,15315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15292,15293,15295,15297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15294,233],{"class":50},[44,15296,55],{"class":54},[44,15298,11598],{"class":58},[44,15300,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15302,11603],{"class":62},[44,15304,67],{"class":66},[44,15306,63],{"class":62},[44,15308,72],{"class":58},[44,15310,75],{"class":62},[44,15312,78],{"class":66},[44,15314,3479],{"class":62},[44,15316,15317],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,15318,99],{"class":58},[192,15320,15321,15327],{},[195,15322,15323,15326],{},[15,15324,15325],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[195,15328,15329,15332],{},[15,15330,15331],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15334,15335],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[192,15337,15338,15340,15342,15345],{},[195,15339,67],{},[195,15341,88],{},[195,15343,15344],{},"email",[195,15346,15347],{},"country",[30,15349,15351],{"id":15350},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15353,15354],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15356,172,15357,15359,15360,108],{},[15,15358,3917],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15361,15362],{},"key: value",[35,15364,15366],{"className":37,"code":15365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15367,15368,15376,15394,15408,15425,15429,15433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15369,15370,15372,15374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15371,233],{"class":50},[44,15373,55],{"class":54},[44,15375,11598],{"class":58},[44,15377,15378,15380,15382,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15379,11603],{"class":62},[44,15381,67],{"class":66},[44,15383,63],{"class":62},[44,15385,72],{"class":58},[44,15387,75],{"class":62},[44,15389,78],{"class":66},[44,15391,63],{"class":62},[44,15393,11619],{"class":58},[44,15395,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,15397,11603],{"class":62},[44,15399,88],{"class":66},[44,15401,63],{"class":62},[44,15403,72],{"class":58},[44,15405,96],{"class":95},[44,15407,11619],{"class":58},[44,15409,15410,15412,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,15411,11603],{"class":62},[44,15413,15414],{"class":66},"course",[44,15416,63],{"class":62},[44,15418,72],{"class":58},[44,15420,75],{"class":62},[44,15422,7428],{"class":66},[44,15424,3479],{"class":62},[44,15426,15427],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,15428,99],{"class":58},[44,15430,15431],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,15432,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,15434,15435,15437,15439,15441],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,15436,154],{"class":153},[44,15438,157],{"class":58},[44,15440,277],{"class":111},[44,15442,162],{"class":58},[20,15444,15445],{},[3868,15446,330],{},[35,15448,15450],{"className":37,"code":15449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15451,15452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15453,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15455,340],{"class":58},[44,15457,343],{"class":62},[44,15459,67],{"class":66},[44,15461,343],{"class":62},[44,15463,72],{"class":58},[44,15465,352],{"class":62},[44,15467,78],{"class":66},[44,15469,343],{"class":62},[44,15471,83],{"class":58},[44,15473,352],{"class":62},[44,15475,88],{"class":66},[44,15477,343],{"class":62},[44,15479,72],{"class":58},[44,15481,96],{"class":95},[44,15483,83],{"class":58},[44,15485,352],{"class":62},[44,15487,15414],{"class":66},[44,15489,343],{"class":62},[44,15491,72],{"class":58},[44,15493,352],{"class":62},[44,15495,7428],{"class":66},[44,15497,343],{"class":62},[44,15499,99],{"class":58},[1960,15501,15503],{"id":15502},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[192,15505,15506,15511,15516,15519],{},[195,15507,172,15508,15510],{},[15,15509,3917],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[195,15512,15513,15514],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15515,15362],{},[195,15517,15518],{},"Separate items with commas",[195,15520,15521],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15523,223],{},[35,15525,15527],{"className":37,"code":15526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15528,15529,15538,15558,15574,15587,15591,15595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15530,15531,15534,15536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15532,15533],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15535,55],{"class":54},[44,15537,11598],{"class":58},[44,15539,15540,15542,15545,15547,15549,15551,15554,15556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15541,11603],{"class":62},[44,15543,15544],{"class":66},"title",[44,15546,63],{"class":62},[44,15548,72],{"class":58},[44,15550,75],{"class":62},[44,15552,15553],{"class":66},"Python Basics",[44,15555,63],{"class":62},[44,15557,11619],{"class":58},[44,15559,15560,15562,15565,15567,15569,15572],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,15561,11603],{"class":62},[44,15563,15564],{"class":66},"pages",[44,15566,63],{"class":62},[44,15568,72],{"class":58},[44,15570,15571],{"class":95}," 150",[44,15573,11619],{"class":58},[44,15575,15576,15578,15581,15583,15585],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,15577,11603],{"class":62},[44,15579,15580],{"class":66},"available",[44,15582,63],{"class":62},[44,15584,72],{"class":58},[44,15586,6552],{"class":1400},[44,15588,15589],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,15590,99],{"class":58},[44,15592,15593],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,15594,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,15596,15597,15599,15601,15604],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,15598,154],{"class":153},[44,15600,157],{"class":58},[44,15602,15603],{"class":111},"book",[44,15605,162],{"class":58},[20,15607,15608],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15610,9518],{"id":9517},[20,15612,15613],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15615,15616],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15618,15620],{"className":37,"code":15619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15621,15622,15630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15623,15624,15626,15628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15625,489],{"class":50},[44,15627,55],{"class":54},[44,15629,1238],{"class":58},[44,15631,15632,15634,15636,15638],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15633,154],{"class":153},[44,15635,157],{"class":58},[44,15637,511],{"class":111},[44,15639,162],{"class":58},[35,15641,15642],{"className":37,"code":9521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15643,15644,15654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15645,15646,15648,15650,15652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15647,489],{"class":50},[44,15649,55],{"class":54},[44,15651,9299],{"class":1861},[44,15653,1635],{"class":58},[44,15655,15656,15658,15660,15662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15657,154],{"class":153},[44,15659,157],{"class":58},[44,15661,511],{"class":111},[44,15663,162],{"class":58},[20,15665,15666],{},[3868,15667,330],{},[35,15669,15670],{"className":37,"code":9550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15671,15672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15673,15674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15675,9550],{"class":58},[20,15677,15678],{},"Both are correct.",[1960,15680,15682],{"id":15681},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15684,15685,15687,15688,15690],{},[15,15686,3917],{}," creates an empty ",[3868,15689,415],{},", not an empty set.",[20,15692,15693,15694,108],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15695,3922],{},[35,15697,15699],{"className":37,"code":15698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15700,15701,15709,15721,15725,15739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15702,15703,15705,15707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15704,11829],{"class":50},[44,15706,55],{"class":54},[44,15708,1238],{"class":58},[44,15710,15711,15714,15716,15719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15712,15713],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,15715,55],{"class":54},[44,15717,15718],{"class":1861}," set",[44,15720,1635],{"class":58},[44,15722,15723],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,15724,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,15726,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735,15737],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,15728,154],{"class":153},[44,15730,157],{"class":58},[44,15732,1862],{"class":1861},[44,15734,157],{"class":58},[44,15736,1850],{"class":111},[44,15738,1869],{"class":58},[44,15740,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15752],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,15742,154],{"class":153},[44,15744,157],{"class":58},[44,15746,1862],{"class":1861},[44,15748,157],{"class":58},[44,15750,15751],{"class":111},"my_set",[44,15753,1869],{"class":58},[20,15755,15756],{},[3868,15757,330],{},[35,15759,15761],{"className":37,"code":15760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15762,15763,15777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15764,15765,15767,15769,15771,15773,15775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15766,3411],{"class":54},[44,15768,3414],{"class":2182},[44,15770,352],{"class":62},[44,15772,1918],{"class":66},[44,15774,343],{"class":62},[44,15776,3423],{"class":54},[44,15778,15779,15781,15783,15785,15787,15789],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15780,3411],{"class":54},[44,15782,3414],{"class":2182},[44,15784,352],{"class":62},[44,15786,6416],{"class":66},[44,15788,343],{"class":62},[44,15790,3423],{"class":54},[30,15792,15794,15795],{"id":15793},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15796,9250],{},[20,15798,15799,15800,15802],{},"You can also use ",[15,15801,9250],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15804,15805],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15807,15809],{"className":37,"code":15808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15810,15811,15851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15812,15813,15815,15817,15819,15821,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15833,15835,15837,15840,15842,15845,15847,15849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15814,233],{"class":50},[44,15816,55],{"class":54},[44,15818,9299],{"class":1861},[44,15820,157],{"class":58},[44,15822,67],{"class":463},[44,15824,55],{"class":54},[44,15826,63],{"class":62},[44,15828,78],{"class":66},[44,15830,63],{"class":62},[44,15832,83],{"class":58},[44,15834,9316],{"class":463},[44,15836,55],{"class":54},[44,15838,15839],{"class":95},"20",[44,15841,83],{"class":58},[44,15843,15844],{"class":463}," active",[44,15846,55],{"class":54},[44,15848,3726],{"class":1400},[44,15850,162],{"class":58},[44,15852,15853,15855,15857,15859],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15854,154],{"class":153},[44,15856,157],{"class":58},[44,15858,277],{"class":111},[44,15860,162],{"class":58},[20,15862,15863],{},[3868,15864,330],{},[35,15866,15868],{"className":37,"code":15867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15869,15870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15871,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15907,15909,15911,15913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15873,340],{"class":58},[44,15875,343],{"class":62},[44,15877,67],{"class":66},[44,15879,343],{"class":62},[44,15881,72],{"class":58},[44,15883,352],{"class":62},[44,15885,78],{"class":66},[44,15887,343],{"class":62},[44,15889,83],{"class":58},[44,15891,352],{"class":62},[44,15893,88],{"class":66},[44,15895,343],{"class":62},[44,15897,72],{"class":58},[44,15899,96],{"class":95},[44,15901,83],{"class":58},[44,15903,352],{"class":62},[44,15905,15906],{"class":66},"active",[44,15908,343],{"class":62},[44,15910,72],{"class":58},[44,15912,4043],{"class":1400},[44,15914,99],{"class":58},[20,15916,15917],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1960,15919,15921,15922],{"id":15920},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15923,9250],{},[20,15925,15926],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[192,15928,15929,15932],{},[195,15930,15931],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[195,15933,15934],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15936,6818],{},[35,15938,15940],{"className":37,"code":15939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15941,15942,15972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15943,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952,15954,15956,15958,15960,15962,15964,15966,15968,15970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15945,1061],{"class":50},[44,15947,55],{"class":54},[44,15949,9299],{"class":1861},[44,15951,157],{"class":58},[44,15953,67],{"class":463},[44,15955,55],{"class":54},[44,15957,63],{"class":62},[44,15959,470],{"class":66},[44,15961,63],{"class":62},[44,15963,83],{"class":58},[44,15965,9316],{"class":463},[44,15967,55],{"class":54},[44,15969,1100],{"class":95},[44,15971,162],{"class":58},[44,15973,15974,15976,15978,15980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,15975,154],{"class":153},[44,15977,157],{"class":58},[44,15979,1087],{"class":111},[44,15981,162],{"class":58},[20,15983,4759,15984,15986],{},[3868,15985,4762],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15988,15990],{"className":37,"code":15989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15991,15992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15993,15994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15995,15989],{"class":168},[20,15997,15998],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16000,16001],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,16003,16005],{"className":37,"code":16004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16006,16007,16015,16031,16035,16039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16008,16009,16011,16013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16010,1061],{"class":50},[44,16012,55],{"class":54},[44,16014,11598],{"class":58},[44,16016,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16018,11603],{"class":62},[44,16020,10609],{"class":66},[44,16022,63],{"class":62},[44,16024,72],{"class":58},[44,16026,75],{"class":62},[44,16028,470],{"class":66},[44,16030,3479],{"class":62},[44,16032,16033],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16034,99],{"class":58},[44,16036,16037],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16038,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16040,16041,16043,16045,16047],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16042,154],{"class":153},[44,16044,157],{"class":58},[44,16046,1087],{"class":111},[44,16048,162],{"class":58},[30,16050,9560],{"id":9559},[20,16052,16053,16055],{},[15,16054,9250],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16057,16058],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,16060,16062],{"className":37,"code":16061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16063,16064,16120,16124,16138,16142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16065,16066,16068,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082,16084,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110,16112,16114,16116,16118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16067,834],{"class":50},[44,16069,55],{"class":54},[44,16071,839],{"class":58},[44,16073,63],{"class":62},[44,16075,67],{"class":66},[44,16077,63],{"class":62},[44,16079,83],{"class":58},[44,16081,75],{"class":62},[44,16083,78],{"class":66},[44,16085,63],{"class":62},[44,16087,854],{"class":58},[44,16089,857],{"class":58},[44,16091,63],{"class":62},[44,16093,88],{"class":66},[44,16095,63],{"class":62},[44,16097,83],{"class":58},[44,16099,96],{"class":95},[44,16101,854],{"class":58},[44,16103,857],{"class":58},[44,16105,63],{"class":62},[44,16107,133],{"class":66},[44,16109,63],{"class":62},[44,16111,83],{"class":58},[44,16113,75],{"class":62},[44,16115,142],{"class":66},[44,16117,63],{"class":62},[44,16119,872],{"class":58},[44,16121,16122],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16123,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16125,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16127,233],{"class":50},[44,16129,55],{"class":54},[44,16131,9299],{"class":1861},[44,16133,157],{"class":58},[44,16135,890],{"class":111},[44,16137,162],{"class":58},[44,16139,16140],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16141,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16143,16144,16146,16148,16150],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16145,154],{"class":153},[44,16147,157],{"class":58},[44,16149,277],{"class":111},[44,16151,162],{"class":58},[20,16153,16154],{},[3868,16155,330],{},[35,16157,16159],{"className":37,"code":16158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16160,16161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16162,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16164,340],{"class":58},[44,16166,343],{"class":62},[44,16168,67],{"class":66},[44,16170,343],{"class":62},[44,16172,72],{"class":58},[44,16174,352],{"class":62},[44,16176,78],{"class":66},[44,16178,343],{"class":62},[44,16180,83],{"class":58},[44,16182,352],{"class":62},[44,16184,88],{"class":66},[44,16186,343],{"class":62},[44,16188,72],{"class":58},[44,16190,96],{"class":95},[44,16192,83],{"class":58},[44,16194,352],{"class":62},[44,16196,133],{"class":66},[44,16198,343],{"class":62},[44,16200,72],{"class":58},[44,16202,352],{"class":62},[44,16204,142],{"class":66},[44,16206,343],{"class":62},[44,16208,99],{"class":58},[20,16210,16211],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,16213,16215],{"className":37,"code":16214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16216,16217,16258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16218,16219,16221,16223,16225,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16220,233],{"class":50},[44,16222,55],{"class":54},[44,16224,9299],{"class":1861},[44,16226,16227],{"class":58},"(((",[44,16229,63],{"class":62},[44,16231,67],{"class":66},[44,16233,63],{"class":62},[44,16235,83],{"class":58},[44,16237,75],{"class":62},[44,16239,78],{"class":66},[44,16241,63],{"class":62},[44,16243,854],{"class":58},[44,16245,857],{"class":58},[44,16247,63],{"class":62},[44,16249,88],{"class":66},[44,16251,63],{"class":62},[44,16253,83],{"class":58},[44,16255,96],{"class":95},[44,16257,3031],{"class":58},[44,16259,16260,16262,16264,16266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16261,154],{"class":153},[44,16263,157],{"class":58},[44,16265,277],{"class":111},[44,16267,162],{"class":58},[20,16269,16270],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,16272,16274],{"id":16273},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16276,16277],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[192,16279,16280,16283,16286,16289],{},[195,16281,16282],{},"Keys must be unique",[195,16284,16285],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[195,16287,16288],{},"Values can repeat",[195,16290,16291],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1960,16293,16295],{"id":16294},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,16297,16299],{"className":37,"code":16298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16300,16301,16309,16327,16344,16348,16352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16302,16303,16305,16307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16304,489],{"class":50},[44,16306,55],{"class":54},[44,16308,11598],{"class":58},[44,16310,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16312,11603],{"class":62},[44,16314,67],{"class":66},[44,16316,63],{"class":62},[44,16318,72],{"class":58},[44,16320,75],{"class":62},[44,16322,78],{"class":66},[44,16324,63],{"class":62},[44,16326,11619],{"class":58},[44,16328,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16342],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16330,11603],{"class":62},[44,16332,67],{"class":66},[44,16334,63],{"class":62},[44,16336,72],{"class":58},[44,16338,75],{"class":62},[44,16340,16341],{"class":66},"Maria",[44,16343,3479],{"class":62},[44,16345,16346],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16347,99],{"class":58},[44,16349,16350],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16351,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16353,16354,16356,16358,16360],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,16355,154],{"class":153},[44,16357,157],{"class":58},[44,16359,511],{"class":111},[44,16361,162],{"class":58},[20,16363,16364],{},[3868,16365,330],{},[35,16367,16369],{"className":37,"code":16368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16370,16371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16372,16373,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16374,340],{"class":58},[44,16376,343],{"class":62},[44,16378,67],{"class":66},[44,16380,343],{"class":62},[44,16382,72],{"class":58},[44,16384,352],{"class":62},[44,16386,16341],{"class":66},[44,16388,343],{"class":62},[44,16390,99],{"class":58},[20,16392,16393],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1960,16395,16397],{"id":16396},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,16399,16401],{"className":37,"code":16400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16402,16403,16411,16427,16443,16457,16461,16465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16404,16405,16407,16409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16406,811],{"class":50},[44,16408,55],{"class":54},[44,16410,11598],{"class":58},[44,16412,16413,16416,16418,16420,16423,16425],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16414,16415],{"class":95},"    1",[44,16417,72],{"class":58},[44,16419,75],{"class":62},[44,16421,16422],{"class":66},"low",[44,16424,63],{"class":62},[44,16426,11619],{"class":58},[44,16428,16429,16432,16434,16436,16439,16441],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16430,16431],{"class":95},"    2",[44,16433,72],{"class":58},[44,16435,75],{"class":62},[44,16437,16438],{"class":66},"medium",[44,16440,63],{"class":62},[44,16442,11619],{"class":58},[44,16444,16445,16448,16450,16452,16455],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16446,16447],{"class":95},"    3",[44,16449,72],{"class":58},[44,16451,75],{"class":62},[44,16453,16454],{"class":66},"high",[44,16456,3479],{"class":62},[44,16458,16459],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16460,99],{"class":58},[44,16462,16463],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,16464,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,16468,154],{"class":153},[44,16470,157],{"class":58},[44,16472,881],{"class":111},[44,16474,162],{"class":58},[1960,16476,16478],{"id":16477},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16480,16481],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16483,16484],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16486,16488],{"className":37,"code":16487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16489,16490,16495,16500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16491,16492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16493,16494],{"class":168},"# bad = {\n",[44,16496,16497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16498,16499],{"class":168},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16501,16502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16503,16504],{"class":168},"# }\n",[20,16506,16507],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16509,16511],{"className":37,"code":16510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16512,16513,16522,16542,16546,16550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16514,16515,16518,16520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16516,16517],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16519,55],{"class":54},[44,16521,11598],{"class":58},[44,16523,16524,16527,16529,16531,16533,16536,16538,16540],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16525,16526],{"class":58},"    (",[44,16528,3108],{"class":95},[44,16530,83],{"class":58},[44,16532,1012],{"class":95},[44,16534,16535],{"class":58},"):",[44,16537,75],{"class":62},[44,16539,3773],{"class":66},[44,16541,3479],{"class":62},[44,16543,16544],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16545,99],{"class":58},[44,16547,16548],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16549,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16551,16552,16554,16556,16559],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16553,154],{"class":153},[44,16555,157],{"class":58},[44,16557,16558],{"class":111},"good",[44,16560,162],{"class":58},[30,16562,16564],{"id":16563},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16566,16567],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16569,16570],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[192,16572,16573,16576,16578,16581],{},[195,16574,16575],{},"user data",[195,16577,688],{},[195,16579,16580],{},"counters",[195,16582,16583],{},"lookups",[20,16585,223],{},[35,16587,16589],{"className":37,"code":16588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16590,16591,16599,16618,16637,16649,16653,16657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16592,16593,16595,16597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16594,1061],{"class":50},[44,16596,55],{"class":54},[44,16598,11598],{"class":58},[44,16600,16601,16603,16605,16607,16609,16611,16614,16616],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16602,11603],{"class":62},[44,16604,8116],{"class":66},[44,16606,63],{"class":62},[44,16608,72],{"class":58},[44,16610,75],{"class":62},[44,16612,16613],{"class":66},"ana123",[44,16615,63],{"class":62},[44,16617,11619],{"class":58},[44,16619,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16633,16635],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16621,11603],{"class":62},[44,16623,15344],{"class":66},[44,16625,63],{"class":62},[44,16627,72],{"class":58},[44,16629,75],{"class":62},[44,16631,16632],{"class":66},"ana@example.com",[44,16634,63],{"class":62},[44,16636,11619],{"class":58},[44,16638,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16640,11603],{"class":62},[44,16642,12615],{"class":66},[44,16644,63],{"class":62},[44,16646,72],{"class":58},[44,16648,6552],{"class":1400},[44,16650,16651],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16652,99],{"class":58},[44,16654,16655],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,16656,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16658,16659,16661,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,16660,154],{"class":153},[44,16662,157],{"class":58},[44,16664,1087],{"class":111},[44,16666,4027],{"class":58},[44,16668,63],{"class":62},[44,16670,15344],{"class":66},[44,16672,63],{"class":62},[44,16674,4015],{"class":58},[20,16676,16677,16678,108],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[395,16679,1799],{"href":1798},[20,16681,16682],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[192,16684,16685,16688,16691],{},[195,16686,16687],{},"labels are not needed",[195,16689,16690],{},"you mostly care about position",[195,16692,16693],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,16695,1803],{"id":1802},[20,16697,16698],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[192,16700,16701,16704,16707,16710,16713],{},[195,16702,16703],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[195,16705,16706],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[195,16708,16709],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[195,16711,16712],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[195,16714,16715,16716,16718],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16717,3917],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1960,16720,16722],{"id":16721},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16724,16725],{},"Wrong:",[35,16727,16729],{"className":37,"code":16728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16730,16731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16732,16733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16734,16728],{"class":168},[20,16736,1436],{},[35,16738,16740],{"className":37,"code":16739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16741,16742,16766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16743,16744,16746,16748,16750,16752,16754,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16745,233],{"class":50},[44,16747,55],{"class":54},[44,16749,59],{"class":58},[44,16751,63],{"class":62},[44,16753,67],{"class":66},[44,16755,63],{"class":62},[44,16757,72],{"class":58},[44,16759,75],{"class":62},[44,16761,78],{"class":66},[44,16763,63],{"class":62},[44,16765,99],{"class":58},[44,16767,16768,16770,16772,16774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16769,154],{"class":153},[44,16771,157],{"class":58},[44,16773,277],{"class":111},[44,16775,162],{"class":58},[1960,16777,16779],{"id":16778},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16781,16725],{},[35,16783,16785],{"className":37,"code":16784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16786,16787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16788,16789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16790,16784],{"class":168},[20,16792,16793,16794,16796,16797,16799],{},"This only works if ",[15,16795,67],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16798,15325],{},", use quotes.",[20,16801,1436],{},[35,16803,16804],{"className":37,"code":16739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16805,16806,16830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16807,16808,16810,16812,16814,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16809,233],{"class":50},[44,16811,55],{"class":54},[44,16813,59],{"class":58},[44,16815,63],{"class":62},[44,16817,67],{"class":66},[44,16819,63],{"class":62},[44,16821,72],{"class":58},[44,16823,75],{"class":62},[44,16825,78],{"class":66},[44,16827,63],{"class":62},[44,16829,99],{"class":58},[44,16831,16832,16834,16836,16838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16833,154],{"class":153},[44,16835,157],{"class":58},[44,16837,277],{"class":111},[44,16839,162],{"class":58},[1960,16841,16843],{"id":16842},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16845,16847],{"className":37,"code":16846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16848,16849,16881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16850,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16852,489],{"class":50},[44,16854,55],{"class":54},[44,16856,59],{"class":58},[44,16858,63],{"class":62},[44,16860,88],{"class":66},[44,16862,63],{"class":62},[44,16864,72],{"class":58},[44,16866,96],{"class":95},[44,16868,83],{"class":58},[44,16870,75],{"class":62},[44,16872,88],{"class":66},[44,16874,63],{"class":62},[44,16876,72],{"class":58},[44,16878,7925],{"class":95},[44,16880,99],{"class":58},[44,16882,16883,16885,16887,16889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16884,154],{"class":153},[44,16886,157],{"class":58},[44,16888,511],{"class":111},[44,16890,162],{"class":58},[20,16892,16893],{},[3868,16894,330],{},[35,16896,16898],{"className":37,"code":16897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16899,16900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16901,16902,16904,16906,16908,16910,16912,16914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16903,340],{"class":58},[44,16905,343],{"class":62},[44,16907,88],{"class":66},[44,16909,343],{"class":62},[44,16911,72],{"class":58},[44,16913,7925],{"class":95},[44,16915,99],{"class":58},[30,16917,16919],{"id":16918},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16921,16922],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16924,16926],{"className":37,"code":16925,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16927,16928,16964,16968,16978,16992,17007,17021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16929,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16931,11829],{"class":50},[44,16933,55],{"class":54},[44,16935,59],{"class":58},[44,16937,63],{"class":62},[44,16939,67],{"class":66},[44,16941,63],{"class":62},[44,16943,72],{"class":58},[44,16945,75],{"class":62},[44,16947,78],{"class":66},[44,16949,63],{"class":62},[44,16951,83],{"class":58},[44,16953,75],{"class":62},[44,16955,88],{"class":66},[44,16957,63],{"class":62},[44,16959,72],{"class":58},[44,16961,96],{"class":95},[44,16963,99],{"class":58},[44,16965,16966],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,16967,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,16969,16970,16972,16974,16976],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,16971,154],{"class":153},[44,16973,157],{"class":58},[44,16975,1850],{"class":111},[44,16977,162],{"class":58},[44,16979,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988,16990],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,16981,154],{"class":153},[44,16983,157],{"class":58},[44,16985,1862],{"class":1861},[44,16987,157],{"class":58},[44,16989,1850],{"class":111},[44,16991,1869],{"class":58},[44,16993,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002,17005],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,16995,154],{"class":153},[44,16997,157],{"class":58},[44,16999,1850],{"class":111},[44,17001,108],{"class":58},[44,17003,17004],{"class":111},"keys",[44,17006,7325],{"class":58},[44,17008,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,17010,154],{"class":153},[44,17012,157],{"class":58},[44,17014,1850],{"class":111},[44,17016,108],{"class":58},[44,17018,5488],{"class":111},[44,17020,7325],{"class":58},[44,17022,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,17024,154],{"class":153},[44,17026,157],{"class":58},[44,17028,11271],{"class":153},[44,17030,157],{"class":58},[44,17032,1850],{"class":111},[44,17034,1869],{"class":58},[20,17036,17037],{},[3868,17038,17039],{},"Example output:",[35,17041,17043],{"className":37,"code":17042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17044,17045,17077,17091,17114,17133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17046,17047,17049,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17048,340],{"class":58},[44,17050,343],{"class":62},[44,17052,67],{"class":66},[44,17054,343],{"class":62},[44,17056,72],{"class":58},[44,17058,352],{"class":62},[44,17060,78],{"class":66},[44,17062,343],{"class":62},[44,17064,83],{"class":58},[44,17066,352],{"class":62},[44,17068,88],{"class":66},[44,17070,343],{"class":62},[44,17072,72],{"class":58},[44,17074,96],{"class":95},[44,17076,99],{"class":58},[44,17078,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17080,3411],{"class":54},[44,17082,3414],{"class":2182},[44,17084,352],{"class":62},[44,17086,1918],{"class":66},[44,17088,343],{"class":62},[44,17090,3423],{"class":54},[44,17092,17093,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,17094,17095],{"class":111},"dict_keys",[44,17097,3105],{"class":58},[44,17099,343],{"class":62},[44,17101,67],{"class":66},[44,17103,343],{"class":62},[44,17105,83],{"class":58},[44,17107,352],{"class":62},[44,17109,88],{"class":66},[44,17111,343],{"class":62},[44,17113,4015],{"class":58},[44,17115,17116,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,17117,17118],{"class":111},"dict_values",[44,17120,3105],{"class":58},[44,17122,343],{"class":62},[44,17124,78],{"class":66},[44,17126,343],{"class":62},[44,17128,83],{"class":58},[44,17130,96],{"class":95},[44,17132,4015],{"class":58},[44,17134,17135],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,17136,17137],{"class":95},"2\n",[20,17139,17140,17141,2307,17147,17153,17154,108],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[395,17142,10848,17144],{"href":17143},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17145,17146],{},"keys()",[395,17148,10848,17150],{"href":17149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17151,17152],{},"values()",", and ",[395,17155,10848,17157],{"href":17156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17158,17159],{},"items()",[30,17161,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,17163,17165],{"id":17164},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17167,172,17168,2997,17170,17172],{},[15,17169,3917],{},[15,17171,9250],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1960,17174,17176],{"id":17175},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17178,17179,17180,108],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17181,17182],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1960,17184,17186],{"id":17185},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17188,17189],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1960,17191,17193],{"id":17192},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17195,17196],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1960,17198,2007,17200,4523,17202,2610],{"id":17199},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17201,3917],{},[15,17203,9250],{},[20,17205,17206,17208,17209,17211],{},[15,17207,3917],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17210,9250],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,17213,2020],{"id":2019},[192,17215,17216,17220,17226,17230,17236],{},[195,17217,17218],{},[395,17219,9285],{"href":9284},[195,17221,17222],{},[395,17223,10848,17224,10852],{"href":10847},[15,17225,10851],{},[195,17227,17228],{},[395,17229,2032],{"href":1546},[195,17231,17232],{},[395,17233,17235],{"href":17234},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[195,17237,17238],{},[395,17239,1954],{"href":1953},[20,17241,17242],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2048,17244,17245],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":17247},[17248,17249,17250,17251,17254,17257,17262,17263,17268,17269,17274,17275,17283],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":15265,"depth":102,"text":15253},{"id":15350,"depth":102,"text":15351,"children":17252},[17253],{"id":15502,"depth":150,"text":15503},{"id":9517,"depth":102,"text":9518,"children":17255},[17256],{"id":15681,"depth":150,"text":15682},{"id":15793,"depth":102,"text":17258,"children":17259},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17260],{"id":15920,"depth":150,"text":17261},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9559,"depth":102,"text":9560},{"id":16273,"depth":102,"text":16274,"children":17264},[17265,17266,17267],{"id":16294,"depth":150,"text":16295},{"id":16396,"depth":150,"text":16397},{"id":16477,"depth":150,"text":16478},{"id":16563,"depth":102,"text":16564},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":17270},[17271,17272,17273],{"id":16721,"depth":150,"text":16722},{"id":16778,"depth":150,"text":16779},{"id":16842,"depth":150,"text":16843},{"id":16918,"depth":102,"text":16919},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":17276},[17277,17278,17279,17280,17281],{"id":17164,"depth":150,"text":17165},{"id":17175,"depth":150,"text":17176},{"id":17185,"depth":150,"text":17186},{"id":17192,"depth":150,"text":17193},{"id":17199,"depth":150,"text":17282},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15090,"description":17284},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17290,"title":17291,"body":17292,"description":19737,"extension":2080,"meta":19738,"navigation":682,"path":19739,"seo":19740,"stem":19741,"__hash__":19742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17293,"toc":19693},[17294,17300,17306,17309,17312,17314,17395,17401,17406,17410,17428,17440,17445,17449,17472,17476,17488,17496,17498,17504,17506,17509,17584,17586,17631,17633,17650,17655,17661,17666,17740,17742,17787,17790,17801,17803,17922,17924,17977,17983,17987,17990,18007,18013,18017,18115,18117,18169,18176,18180,18186,18189,18192,18219,18224,18228,18231,18335,18337,18382,18385,18388,18393,18398,18409,18411,18472,18530,18536,18544,18550,18555,18560,18620,18624,18691,18694,18698,18769,18772,18785,18792,18794,18798,18802,18873,18875,18912,18915,18918,18981,18988,18991,19033,19043,19046,19115,19121,19126,19210,19212,19261,19268,19274,19319,19321,19354,19359,19363,19369,19408,19452,19520,19563,19565,19571,19574,19578,19583,19587,19590,19594,19596,19657,19659,19685,19690],[10,17295,13,17297,18],{"id":17296},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17298,17299],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17301,17302,17305],{},[15,17303,17304],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17307,17308],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17310,17311],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,17313,33],{"id":32},[35,17315,17317],{"className":37,"code":17316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17318,17319,17352,17380,17390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17320,17321,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17322,17323],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,17325,55],{"class":54},[44,17327,3746],{"class":58},[44,17329,63],{"class":62},[44,17331,67],{"class":66},[44,17333,63],{"class":62},[44,17335,83],{"class":58},[44,17337,75],{"class":62},[44,17339,88],{"class":66},[44,17341,63],{"class":62},[44,17343,83],{"class":58},[44,17345,75],{"class":62},[44,17347,133],{"class":66},[44,17349,63],{"class":62},[44,17351,3759],{"class":58},[44,17353,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17376,17378],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17355,51],{"class":50},[44,17357,55],{"class":54},[44,17359,9299],{"class":1861},[44,17361,108],{"class":58},[44,17363,17364],{"class":111},"fromkeys",[44,17366,157],{"class":58},[44,17368,17004],{"class":111},[44,17370,83],{"class":58},[44,17372,75],{"class":62},[44,17374,17375],{"class":66},"unknown",[44,17377,63],{"class":62},[44,17379,162],{"class":58},[44,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,17383,154],{"class":153},[44,17385,157],{"class":58},[44,17387,105],{"class":111},[44,17389,162],{"class":58},[44,17391,17392],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,17393,17394],{"class":168},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17396,172,17397,17400],{},[15,17398,17399],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,17402,179,17404,182],{"id":17403},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17405,17304],{},[20,17407,17408,72],{},[15,17409,17304],{},[192,17411,17412,17415,17418,17421],{},[195,17413,17414],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[195,17416,17417],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[195,17419,17420],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[195,17422,17423,17424,17427],{},"Is called as ",[15,17425,17426],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17429,17430,17431,17433,17434,17436,17437,108],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17432,1918],{},", so you write ",[15,17435,17426],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17438,17439],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17441,17442,17443,108],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[395,17444,9285],{"href":13119},[30,17446,17448],{"id":17447},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17450,17452],{"className":37,"code":17451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17453,17454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17455,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17466,17468,17470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17457,1918],{"class":1861},[44,17459,108],{"class":58},[44,17461,17364],{"class":111},[44,17463,157],{"class":58},[44,17465,3845],{"class":111},[44,17467,83],{"class":58},[44,17469,8564],{"class":111},[44,17471,162],{"class":58},[1960,17473,17475],{"id":17474},"parameters","Parameters",[192,17477,17478,17483],{},[195,17479,17480,17482],{},[15,17481,3845],{},": the keys to use",[195,17484,17485,17487],{},[15,17486,2590],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17489,17490,17491,17493,17494,108],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17492,2590],{},", each key gets ",[15,17495,217],{},[1960,17497,1293],{"id":1292},[20,17499,17500,17501,108],{},"It returns a ",[3868,17502,17503],{},"new dictionary",[30,17505,5916],{"id":5915},[20,17507,17508],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17510,17512],{"className":37,"code":17511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17513,17514,17547,17569,17573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17515,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17517,17323],{"class":50},[44,17519,55],{"class":54},[44,17521,3746],{"class":58},[44,17523,63],{"class":62},[44,17525,13189],{"class":66},[44,17527,63],{"class":62},[44,17529,83],{"class":58},[44,17531,75],{"class":62},[44,17533,17534],{"class":66},"green",[44,17536,63],{"class":62},[44,17538,83],{"class":58},[44,17540,75],{"class":62},[44,17542,13206],{"class":66},[44,17544,63],{"class":62},[44,17546,3759],{"class":58},[44,17548,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17550,13172],{"class":50},[44,17552,55],{"class":54},[44,17554,9299],{"class":1861},[44,17556,108],{"class":58},[44,17558,17364],{"class":111},[44,17560,157],{"class":58},[44,17562,17004],{"class":111},[44,17564,83],{"class":58},[44,17566,3959],{"class":95},[44,17568,162],{"class":58},[44,17570,17571],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,17572,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,17574,17575,17577,17579,17582],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,17576,154],{"class":153},[44,17578,157],{"class":58},[44,17580,17581],{"class":111},"colors",[44,17583,162],{"class":58},[20,17585,330],{},[35,17587,17589],{"className":37,"code":17588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17590,17591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17592,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17594,340],{"class":58},[44,17596,343],{"class":62},[44,17598,13189],{"class":66},[44,17600,343],{"class":62},[44,17602,72],{"class":58},[44,17604,3959],{"class":95},[44,17606,83],{"class":58},[44,17608,352],{"class":62},[44,17610,17534],{"class":66},[44,17612,343],{"class":62},[44,17614,72],{"class":58},[44,17616,3959],{"class":95},[44,17618,83],{"class":58},[44,17620,352],{"class":62},[44,17622,13206],{"class":66},[44,17624,343],{"class":62},[44,17626,72],{"class":58},[44,17628,3959],{"class":95},[44,17630,99],{"class":58},[20,17632,11788],{},[192,17634,17635,17640,17645],{},[195,17636,17637,17639],{},[15,17638,17004],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[195,17641,17642,17644],{},[15,17643,2237],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[195,17646,17647,17649],{},[15,17648,17304],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17651,17652,17653,108],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[395,17654,9507],{"href":13122},[30,17656,567,17658,17660],{"id":17657},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17659,17299],{}," without a value",[20,17662,17663,17664,108],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17665,217],{},[35,17667,17669],{"className":37,"code":17668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17670,17671,17705,17725,17729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17672,17673,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686,17688,17690,17692,17694,17696,17698,17701,17703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17674,17675],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,17677,55],{"class":54},[44,17679,3746],{"class":58},[44,17681,63],{"class":62},[44,17683,8116],{"class":66},[44,17685,63],{"class":62},[44,17687,83],{"class":58},[44,17689,75],{"class":62},[44,17691,15344],{"class":66},[44,17693,63],{"class":62},[44,17695,83],{"class":58},[44,17697,75],{"class":62},[44,17699,17700],{"class":66},"password",[44,17702,63],{"class":62},[44,17704,3759],{"class":58},[44,17706,17707,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17723],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17708,17709],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,17711,55],{"class":54},[44,17713,9299],{"class":1861},[44,17715,108],{"class":58},[44,17717,17364],{"class":111},[44,17719,157],{"class":58},[44,17721,17722],{"class":111},"fields",[44,17724,162],{"class":58},[44,17726,17727],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,17728,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,17730,17731,17733,17735,17738],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,17732,154],{"class":153},[44,17734,157],{"class":58},[44,17736,17737],{"class":111},"user_data",[44,17739,162],{"class":58},[20,17741,330],{},[35,17743,17745],{"className":37,"code":17744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17746,17747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17748,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17750,340],{"class":58},[44,17752,343],{"class":62},[44,17754,8116],{"class":66},[44,17756,343],{"class":62},[44,17758,72],{"class":58},[44,17760,3978],{"class":1400},[44,17762,83],{"class":58},[44,17764,352],{"class":62},[44,17766,15344],{"class":66},[44,17768,343],{"class":62},[44,17770,72],{"class":58},[44,17772,3978],{"class":1400},[44,17774,83],{"class":58},[44,17776,352],{"class":62},[44,17778,17700],{"class":66},[44,17780,343],{"class":62},[44,17782,72],{"class":58},[44,17784,3978],{"class":1400},[44,17786,99],{"class":58},[20,17788,17789],{},"This is useful when:",[192,17791,17792,17795,17798],{},[195,17793,17794],{},"You want to create the keys first",[195,17796,17797],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[195,17799,17800],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17802,223],{},[35,17804,17806],{"className":37,"code":17805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17807,17808,17840,17858,17862,17885,17908,17912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17809,17810,17812,17814,17816,17818,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17811,17675],{"class":50},[44,17813,55],{"class":54},[44,17815,3746],{"class":58},[44,17817,63],{"class":62},[44,17819,8116],{"class":66},[44,17821,63],{"class":62},[44,17823,83],{"class":58},[44,17825,75],{"class":62},[44,17827,15344],{"class":66},[44,17829,63],{"class":62},[44,17831,83],{"class":58},[44,17833,75],{"class":62},[44,17835,17700],{"class":66},[44,17837,63],{"class":62},[44,17839,3759],{"class":58},[44,17841,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17856],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,17843,17709],{"class":50},[44,17845,55],{"class":54},[44,17847,9299],{"class":1861},[44,17849,108],{"class":58},[44,17851,17364],{"class":111},[44,17853,157],{"class":58},[44,17855,17722],{"class":111},[44,17857,162],{"class":58},[44,17859,17860],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,17861,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,17863,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17883],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,17865,17737],{"class":50},[44,17867,4027],{"class":58},[44,17869,63],{"class":62},[44,17871,8116],{"class":66},[44,17873,63],{"class":62},[44,17875,13368],{"class":58},[44,17877,13371],{"class":54},[44,17879,75],{"class":62},[44,17881,17882],{"class":66},"alice",[44,17884,3479],{"class":62},[44,17886,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17897,17899,17901,17903,17906],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,17888,17737],{"class":50},[44,17890,4027],{"class":58},[44,17892,63],{"class":62},[44,17894,15344],{"class":66},[44,17896,63],{"class":62},[44,17898,13368],{"class":58},[44,17900,13371],{"class":54},[44,17902,75],{"class":62},[44,17904,17905],{"class":66},"alice@example.com",[44,17907,3479],{"class":62},[44,17909,17910],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,17911,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,17913,17914,17916,17918,17920],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,17915,154],{"class":153},[44,17917,157],{"class":58},[44,17919,17737],{"class":111},[44,17921,162],{"class":58},[20,17923,330],{},[35,17925,17927],{"className":37,"code":17926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17928,17929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17930,17931,17933,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17971,17973,17975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17932,340],{"class":58},[44,17934,343],{"class":62},[44,17936,8116],{"class":66},[44,17938,343],{"class":62},[44,17940,72],{"class":58},[44,17942,352],{"class":62},[44,17944,17882],{"class":66},[44,17946,343],{"class":62},[44,17948,83],{"class":58},[44,17950,352],{"class":62},[44,17952,15344],{"class":66},[44,17954,343],{"class":62},[44,17956,72],{"class":58},[44,17958,352],{"class":62},[44,17960,17905],{"class":66},[44,17962,343],{"class":62},[44,17964,83],{"class":58},[44,17966,352],{"class":62},[44,17968,17700],{"class":66},[44,17970,343],{"class":62},[44,17972,72],{"class":58},[44,17974,3978],{"class":1400},[44,17976,99],{"class":58},[20,17978,17979,17980,108],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[395,17981,1547],{"href":17982},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,17984,17986],{"id":17985},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17988,17989],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[192,17991,17992,17997,18002],{},[195,17993,17994,17996],{},[15,17995,3912],{}," (list)",[195,17998,17999,18001],{},[15,18000,3917],{}," (dictionary)",[195,18003,18004,18006],{},[15,18005,3922],{}," (set)",[20,18008,18009,18010,108],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3868,18011,18012],{},"same object",[1960,18014,18016],{"id":18015},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,18018,18020],{"className":37,"code":18019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18021,18022,18054,18075,18079,18101,18105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18023,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18025,17323],{"class":50},[44,18027,55],{"class":54},[44,18029,3746],{"class":58},[44,18031,63],{"class":62},[44,18033,395],{"class":66},[44,18035,63],{"class":62},[44,18037,83],{"class":58},[44,18039,75],{"class":62},[44,18041,1005],{"class":66},[44,18043,63],{"class":62},[44,18045,83],{"class":58},[44,18047,75],{"class":62},[44,18049,9855],{"class":66},[44,18051,63],{"class":62},[44,18053,3759],{"class":58},[44,18055,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068,18070,18072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18057,489],{"class":50},[44,18059,55],{"class":54},[44,18061,9299],{"class":1861},[44,18063,108],{"class":58},[44,18065,17364],{"class":111},[44,18067,157],{"class":58},[44,18069,17004],{"class":111},[44,18071,83],{"class":58},[44,18073,18074],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,18076,18077],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,18078,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,18080,18081,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,18082,511],{"class":50},[44,18084,4027],{"class":58},[44,18086,63],{"class":62},[44,18088,395],{"class":66},[44,18090,63],{"class":62},[44,18092,13643],{"class":58},[44,18094,13646],{"class":111},[44,18096,157],{"class":58},[44,18098,3108],{"class":95},[44,18100,162],{"class":58},[44,18102,18103],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,18104,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,18106,18107,18109,18111,18113],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,18108,154],{"class":153},[44,18110,157],{"class":58},[44,18112,511],{"class":111},[44,18114,162],{"class":58},[20,18116,330],{},[35,18118,18120],{"className":37,"code":18119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18121,18122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18123,18124,18126,18128,18130,18132,18134,18136,18138,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18125,340],{"class":58},[44,18127,343],{"class":62},[44,18129,395],{"class":66},[44,18131,343],{"class":62},[44,18133,72],{"class":58},[44,18135,3746],{"class":58},[44,18137,3108],{"class":95},[44,18139,18140],{"class":58},"],",[44,18142,352],{"class":62},[44,18144,1005],{"class":66},[44,18146,343],{"class":62},[44,18148,72],{"class":58},[44,18150,3746],{"class":58},[44,18152,3108],{"class":95},[44,18154,18140],{"class":58},[44,18156,352],{"class":62},[44,18158,9855],{"class":66},[44,18160,343],{"class":62},[44,18162,72],{"class":58},[44,18164,3746],{"class":58},[44,18166,3108],{"class":95},[44,18168,13798],{"class":58},[20,18170,18171,18172,18175],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18173,18174],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1960,18177,18179],{"id":18178},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18181,18182,18185],{},[15,18183,18184],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18187,18188],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18190,18191],{},"So this:",[35,18193,18195],{"className":37,"code":18194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18196,18197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18198,18199,18201,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18200,511],{"class":50},[44,18202,4027],{"class":58},[44,18204,63],{"class":62},[44,18206,395],{"class":66},[44,18208,63],{"class":62},[44,18210,13643],{"class":58},[44,18212,13646],{"class":111},[44,18214,157],{"class":58},[44,18216,3108],{"class":95},[44,18218,162],{"class":58},[20,18220,18221,18222,108],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18223,18174],{},[1960,18225,18227],{"id":18226},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18229,18230],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,18232,18234],{"className":37,"code":18233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18235,18236,18268,18295,18299,18321,18325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18237,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18239,17323],{"class":50},[44,18241,55],{"class":54},[44,18243,3746],{"class":58},[44,18245,63],{"class":62},[44,18247,395],{"class":66},[44,18249,63],{"class":62},[44,18251,83],{"class":58},[44,18253,75],{"class":62},[44,18255,1005],{"class":66},[44,18257,63],{"class":62},[44,18259,83],{"class":58},[44,18261,75],{"class":62},[44,18263,9855],{"class":66},[44,18265,63],{"class":62},[44,18267,3759],{"class":58},[44,18269,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18283,18285,18288,18290,18293],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18271,489],{"class":50},[44,18273,55],{"class":54},[44,18275,59],{"class":58},[44,18277,1904],{"class":50},[44,18279,72],{"class":58},[44,18281,18282],{"class":58}," []",[44,18284,4003],{"class":4002},[44,18286,18287],{"class":50}," key ",[44,18289,4009],{"class":4002},[44,18291,18292],{"class":50}," keys",[44,18294,99],{"class":58},[44,18296,18297],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,18298,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,18300,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,18302,511],{"class":50},[44,18304,4027],{"class":58},[44,18306,63],{"class":62},[44,18308,395],{"class":66},[44,18310,63],{"class":62},[44,18312,13643],{"class":58},[44,18314,13646],{"class":111},[44,18316,157],{"class":58},[44,18318,3108],{"class":95},[44,18320,162],{"class":58},[44,18322,18323],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,18324,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,18326,18327,18329,18331,18333],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,18328,154],{"class":153},[44,18330,157],{"class":58},[44,18332,511],{"class":111},[44,18334,162],{"class":58},[20,18336,330],{},[35,18338,18340],{"className":37,"code":18339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18341,18342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18343,18344,18346,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18345,340],{"class":58},[44,18347,343],{"class":62},[44,18349,395],{"class":66},[44,18351,343],{"class":62},[44,18353,72],{"class":58},[44,18355,3746],{"class":58},[44,18357,3108],{"class":95},[44,18359,18140],{"class":58},[44,18361,352],{"class":62},[44,18363,1005],{"class":66},[44,18365,343],{"class":62},[44,18367,72],{"class":58},[44,18369,18370],{"class":58}," [],",[44,18372,352],{"class":62},[44,18374,9855],{"class":66},[44,18376,343],{"class":62},[44,18378,72],{"class":58},[44,18380,18381],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,18383,18384],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18386,18387],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,18389,1551,18391],{"id":18390},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18392,17299],{},[20,18394,18395,18397],{},[15,18396,17304],{}," is a good choice when:",[192,18399,18400,18403,18406],{},[195,18401,18402],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[195,18404,18405],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[195,18407,18408],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18410,2243],{},[35,18412,18414],{"className":37,"code":18413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18415,18416,18461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18417,18418,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18450,18453,18455,18457,18459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18419,18420],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18422,55],{"class":54},[44,18424,9299],{"class":1861},[44,18426,108],{"class":58},[44,18428,17364],{"class":111},[44,18430,3105],{"class":58},[44,18432,63],{"class":62},[44,18434,18435],{"class":66},"is_admin",[44,18437,63],{"class":62},[44,18439,83],{"class":58},[44,18441,75],{"class":62},[44,18443,15164],{"class":66},[44,18445,63],{"class":62},[44,18447,83],{"class":58},[44,18449,75],{"class":62},[44,18451,18452],{"class":66},"is_verified",[44,18454,63],{"class":62},[44,18456,18140],{"class":58},[44,18458,4034],{"class":1400},[44,18460,162],{"class":58},[44,18462,18463,18465,18467,18470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18464,154],{"class":153},[44,18466,157],{"class":58},[44,18468,18469],{"class":111},"flags",[44,18471,162],{"class":58},[35,18473,18475],{"className":37,"code":18474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18476,18477,18520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18478,18479,18481,18483,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18512,18514,18516,18518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18480,811],{"class":50},[44,18482,55],{"class":54},[44,18484,9299],{"class":1861},[44,18486,108],{"class":58},[44,18488,17364],{"class":111},[44,18490,3105],{"class":58},[44,18492,63],{"class":62},[44,18494,820],{"class":66},[44,18496,63],{"class":62},[44,18498,83],{"class":58},[44,18500,75],{"class":62},[44,18502,844],{"class":66},[44,18504,63],{"class":62},[44,18506,83],{"class":58},[44,18508,75],{"class":62},[44,18510,18511],{"class":66},"history",[44,18513,63],{"class":62},[44,18515,18140],{"class":58},[44,18517,3959],{"class":95},[44,18519,162],{"class":58},[44,18521,18522,18524,18526,18528],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18523,154],{"class":153},[44,18525,157],{"class":58},[44,18527,881],{"class":111},[44,18529,162],{"class":58},[20,18531,18532,18533,18535],{},"It is ",[3868,18534,4762],{}," the best choice when:",[192,18537,18538,18541],{},[195,18539,18540],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[195,18542,18543],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18545,18547,18549],{"id":18546},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18548,17299],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18551,18552,18554],{},[15,18553,17299],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1960,18556,567,18558],{"id":18557},"using-fromkeys",[15,18559,17299],{},[35,18561,18563],{"className":37,"code":18562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18564,18565,18610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18566,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18584,18586,18588,18590,18593,18595,18597,18599,18602,18604,18606,18608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18568,601],{"class":50},[44,18570,55],{"class":54},[44,18572,9299],{"class":1861},[44,18574,108],{"class":58},[44,18576,17364],{"class":111},[44,18578,3105],{"class":58},[44,18580,63],{"class":62},[44,18582,18583],{"class":66},"sound",[44,18585,63],{"class":62},[44,18587,83],{"class":58},[44,18589,75],{"class":62},[44,18591,18592],{"class":66},"music",[44,18594,63],{"class":62},[44,18596,83],{"class":58},[44,18598,75],{"class":62},[44,18600,18601],{"class":66},"notifications",[44,18603,63],{"class":62},[44,18605,18140],{"class":58},[44,18607,4043],{"class":1400},[44,18609,162],{"class":58},[44,18611,18612,18614,18616,18618],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18613,154],{"class":153},[44,18615,157],{"class":58},[44,18617,688],{"class":111},[44,18619,162],{"class":58},[1960,18621,18623],{"id":18622},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18625,18627],{"className":37,"code":18626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18628,18629,18637,18651,18665,18677,18681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18630,18631,18633,18635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18632,601],{"class":50},[44,18634,55],{"class":54},[44,18636,11598],{"class":58},[44,18638,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647,18649],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18640,11603],{"class":62},[44,18642,18583],{"class":66},[44,18644,63],{"class":62},[44,18646,72],{"class":58},[44,18648,4043],{"class":1400},[44,18650,11619],{"class":58},[44,18652,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,18654,11603],{"class":62},[44,18656,18592],{"class":66},[44,18658,63],{"class":62},[44,18660,72],{"class":58},[44,18662,4034],{"class":1400},[44,18664,11619],{"class":58},[44,18666,18667,18669,18671,18673,18675],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,18668,11603],{"class":62},[44,18670,18601],{"class":66},[44,18672,63],{"class":62},[44,18674,72],{"class":58},[44,18676,6552],{"class":1400},[44,18678,18679],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,18680,99],{"class":58},[44,18682,18683,18685,18687,18689],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,18684,154],{"class":153},[44,18686,157],{"class":58},[44,18688,688],{"class":111},[44,18690,162],{"class":58},[20,18692,18693],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1960,18695,18697],{"id":18696},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,18699,18701],{"className":37,"code":18700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18702,18703,18735,18759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18704,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18706,17323],{"class":50},[44,18708,55],{"class":54},[44,18710,3746],{"class":58},[44,18712,63],{"class":62},[44,18714,395],{"class":66},[44,18716,63],{"class":62},[44,18718,83],{"class":58},[44,18720,75],{"class":62},[44,18722,1005],{"class":66},[44,18724,63],{"class":62},[44,18726,83],{"class":58},[44,18728,75],{"class":62},[44,18730,9855],{"class":66},[44,18732,63],{"class":62},[44,18734,3759],{"class":58},[44,18736,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18738,489],{"class":50},[44,18740,55],{"class":54},[44,18742,59],{"class":58},[44,18744,1904],{"class":50},[44,18746,72],{"class":58},[44,18748,18282],{"class":58},[44,18750,4003],{"class":4002},[44,18752,18287],{"class":50},[44,18754,4009],{"class":4002},[44,18756,18292],{"class":50},[44,18758,99],{"class":58},[44,18760,18761,18763,18765,18767],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,18762,154],{"class":153},[44,18764,157],{"class":58},[44,18766,511],{"class":111},[44,18768,162],{"class":58},[20,18770,18771],{},"Use:",[192,18773,18774,18779,18782],{},[195,18775,18776,18778],{},[15,18777,17299],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[195,18780,18781],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[195,18783,18784],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18786,18787,18788,108],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[395,18789,10848,18790,10852],{"href":2082},[15,18791,17],{},[30,18793,1803],{"id":1802},[20,18795,14820,18796,108],{},[15,18797,17304],{},[1960,18799,18801],{"id":18800},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18803,18805],{"className":37,"code":18804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18806,18807,18840,18863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18808,18809,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18810,18811],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18813,55],{"class":54},[44,18815,9299],{"class":1861},[44,18817,108],{"class":58},[44,18819,17364],{"class":111},[44,18821,3105],{"class":58},[44,18823,63],{"class":62},[44,18825,395],{"class":66},[44,18827,63],{"class":62},[44,18829,83],{"class":58},[44,18831,75],{"class":62},[44,18833,1005],{"class":66},[44,18835,63],{"class":62},[44,18837,18140],{"class":58},[44,18839,18074],{"class":58},[44,18841,18842,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18843,18844],{"class":50},"d",[44,18846,4027],{"class":58},[44,18848,63],{"class":62},[44,18850,395],{"class":66},[44,18852,63],{"class":62},[44,18854,13643],{"class":58},[44,18856,13646],{"class":111},[44,18858,157],{"class":58},[44,18860,3108],{"class":95},[44,18862,162],{"class":58},[44,18864,18865,18867,18869,18871],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,18866,154],{"class":153},[44,18868,157],{"class":58},[44,18870,18844],{"class":111},[44,18872,162],{"class":58},[20,18874,330],{},[35,18876,18878],{"className":37,"code":18877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18879,18880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18881,18882,18884,18886,18888,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18883,340],{"class":58},[44,18885,343],{"class":62},[44,18887,395],{"class":66},[44,18889,343],{"class":62},[44,18891,72],{"class":58},[44,18893,3746],{"class":58},[44,18895,3108],{"class":95},[44,18897,18140],{"class":58},[44,18899,352],{"class":62},[44,18901,1005],{"class":66},[44,18903,343],{"class":62},[44,18905,72],{"class":58},[44,18907,3746],{"class":58},[44,18909,3108],{"class":95},[44,18911,13798],{"class":58},[20,18913,18914],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18916,18917],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18919,18921],{"className":37,"code":18920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18922,18923,18947,18971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18924,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937,18939,18941,18943,18945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18926,17323],{"class":50},[44,18928,55],{"class":54},[44,18930,3746],{"class":58},[44,18932,63],{"class":62},[44,18934,395],{"class":66},[44,18936,63],{"class":62},[44,18938,83],{"class":58},[44,18940,75],{"class":62},[44,18942,1005],{"class":66},[44,18944,63],{"class":62},[44,18946,3759],{"class":58},[44,18948,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,18950,18811],{"class":50},[44,18952,55],{"class":54},[44,18954,59],{"class":58},[44,18956,1904],{"class":50},[44,18958,72],{"class":58},[44,18960,18282],{"class":58},[44,18962,4003],{"class":4002},[44,18964,18287],{"class":50},[44,18966,4009],{"class":4002},[44,18968,18292],{"class":50},[44,18970,99],{"class":58},[44,18972,18973,18975,18977,18979],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,18974,154],{"class":153},[44,18976,157],{"class":58},[44,18978,18844],{"class":111},[44,18980,162],{"class":58},[1960,18982,18984,18985,18987],{"id":18983},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18986,17299],{}," on a list",[20,18989,18990],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18992,18994],{"className":37,"code":18993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18995,18996,19028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18997,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18999,17323],{"class":50},[44,19001,55],{"class":54},[44,19003,3746],{"class":58},[44,19005,63],{"class":62},[44,19007,395],{"class":66},[44,19009,63],{"class":62},[44,19011,83],{"class":58},[44,19013,75],{"class":62},[44,19015,1005],{"class":66},[44,19017,63],{"class":62},[44,19019,83],{"class":58},[44,19021,75],{"class":62},[44,19023,9855],{"class":66},[44,19025,63],{"class":62},[44,19027,3759],{"class":58},[44,19029,19030],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19031,19032],{"class":168},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19034,19035,19037,19038,19040,19041,108],{},[15,19036,17299],{}," belongs to ",[15,19039,1918],{},", not ",[15,19042,1878],{},[20,19044,19045],{},"Correct usage:",[35,19047,19049],{"className":37,"code":19048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19050,19051,19083,19105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19052,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19054,17323],{"class":50},[44,19056,55],{"class":54},[44,19058,3746],{"class":58},[44,19060,63],{"class":62},[44,19062,395],{"class":66},[44,19064,63],{"class":62},[44,19066,83],{"class":58},[44,19068,75],{"class":62},[44,19070,1005],{"class":66},[44,19072,63],{"class":62},[44,19074,83],{"class":58},[44,19076,75],{"class":62},[44,19078,9855],{"class":66},[44,19080,63],{"class":62},[44,19082,3759],{"class":58},[44,19084,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19086,18811],{"class":50},[44,19088,55],{"class":54},[44,19090,9299],{"class":1861},[44,19092,108],{"class":58},[44,19094,17364],{"class":111},[44,19096,157],{"class":58},[44,19098,17004],{"class":111},[44,19100,83],{"class":58},[44,19102,3959],{"class":95},[44,19104,162],{"class":58},[44,19106,19107,19109,19111,19113],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,19108,154],{"class":153},[44,19110,157],{"class":58},[44,19112,18844],{"class":111},[44,19114,162],{"class":58},[1960,19116,1821,19118,19120],{"id":19117},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19119,17299],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19122,19123,19125],{},[15,19124,17304],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,19127,19129],{"className":37,"code":19128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19130,19131,19151,19185,19189,19199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19132,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19134,1585],{"class":50},[44,19136,55],{"class":54},[44,19138,59],{"class":58},[44,19140,63],{"class":62},[44,19142,2291],{"class":66},[44,19144,63],{"class":62},[44,19146,72],{"class":58},[44,19148,504],{"class":95},[44,19150,99],{"class":58},[44,19152,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19154,13134],{"class":50},[44,19156,55],{"class":54},[44,19158,9299],{"class":1861},[44,19160,108],{"class":58},[44,19162,17364],{"class":111},[44,19164,3105],{"class":58},[44,19166,63],{"class":62},[44,19168,395],{"class":66},[44,19170,63],{"class":62},[44,19172,83],{"class":58},[44,19174,75],{"class":62},[44,19176,1005],{"class":66},[44,19178,63],{"class":62},[44,19180,18140],{"class":58},[44,19182,3959],{"class":95},[44,19184,162],{"class":58},[44,19186,19187],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,19188,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,19190,19191,19193,19195,19197],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,19192,154],{"class":153},[44,19194,157],{"class":58},[44,19196,1692],{"class":111},[44,19198,162],{"class":58},[44,19200,19201,19203,19205,19208],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,19202,154],{"class":153},[44,19204,157],{"class":58},[44,19206,19207],{"class":111},"new_dict",[44,19209,162],{"class":58},[20,19211,330],{},[35,19213,19215],{"className":37,"code":19214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19216,19217,19233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19218,19219,19221,19223,19225,19227,19229,19231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19220,340],{"class":58},[44,19222,343],{"class":62},[44,19224,2291],{"class":66},[44,19226,343],{"class":62},[44,19228,72],{"class":58},[44,19230,504],{"class":95},[44,19232,99],{"class":58},[44,19234,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251,19253,19255,19257,19259],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19236,340],{"class":58},[44,19238,343],{"class":62},[44,19240,395],{"class":66},[44,19242,343],{"class":62},[44,19244,72],{"class":58},[44,19246,3959],{"class":95},[44,19248,83],{"class":58},[44,19250,352],{"class":62},[44,19252,1005],{"class":66},[44,19254,343],{"class":62},[44,19256,72],{"class":58},[44,19258,3959],{"class":95},[44,19260,99],{"class":58},[20,19262,19263,19264,108],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[395,19265,10848,19266,10852],{"href":2082},[15,19267,17],{},[1960,19269,19271,19272],{"id":19270},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19273,217],{},[35,19275,19277],{"className":37,"code":19276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19278,19279,19309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19280,19281,19283,19285,19287,19289,19291,19293,19295,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19282,18811],{"class":50},[44,19284,55],{"class":54},[44,19286,9299],{"class":1861},[44,19288,108],{"class":58},[44,19290,17364],{"class":111},[44,19292,3105],{"class":58},[44,19294,63],{"class":62},[44,19296,2291],{"class":66},[44,19298,63],{"class":62},[44,19300,83],{"class":58},[44,19302,75],{"class":62},[44,19304,11850],{"class":66},[44,19306,63],{"class":62},[44,19308,4015],{"class":58},[44,19310,19311,19313,19315,19317],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19312,154],{"class":153},[44,19314,157],{"class":58},[44,19316,18844],{"class":111},[44,19318,162],{"class":58},[20,19320,330],{},[35,19322,19324],{"className":37,"code":19323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19325,19326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19327,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19329,340],{"class":58},[44,19331,343],{"class":62},[44,19333,2291],{"class":66},[44,19335,343],{"class":62},[44,19337,72],{"class":58},[44,19339,3978],{"class":1400},[44,19341,83],{"class":58},[44,19343,352],{"class":62},[44,19345,11850],{"class":66},[44,19347,343],{"class":62},[44,19349,72],{"class":58},[44,19351,3978],{"class":1400},[44,19353,99],{"class":58},[20,19355,19356,19357,108],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19358,217],{},[30,19360,19362],{"id":19361},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19364,19365,19366,19368],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19367,17299],{}," works.",[35,19370,19372],{"className":37,"code":19371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19373,19374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19375,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19377,154],{"class":153},[44,19379,157],{"class":58},[44,19381,1918],{"class":1861},[44,19383,108],{"class":58},[44,19385,17364],{"class":111},[44,19387,3105],{"class":58},[44,19389,63],{"class":62},[44,19391,395],{"class":66},[44,19393,63],{"class":62},[44,19395,83],{"class":58},[44,19397,75],{"class":62},[44,19399,1005],{"class":66},[44,19401,63],{"class":62},[44,19403,18140],{"class":58},[44,19405,3959],{"class":95},[44,19407,1869],{"class":58},[35,19409,19410],{"className":37,"code":19276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19411,19412,19442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19413,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19415,18811],{"class":50},[44,19417,55],{"class":54},[44,19419,9299],{"class":1861},[44,19421,108],{"class":58},[44,19423,17364],{"class":111},[44,19425,3105],{"class":58},[44,19427,63],{"class":62},[44,19429,2291],{"class":66},[44,19431,63],{"class":62},[44,19433,83],{"class":58},[44,19435,75],{"class":62},[44,19437,11850],{"class":66},[44,19439,63],{"class":62},[44,19441,4015],{"class":58},[44,19443,19444,19446,19448,19450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19445,154],{"class":153},[44,19447,157],{"class":58},[44,19449,18844],{"class":111},[44,19451,162],{"class":58},[35,19453,19454],{"className":37,"code":18804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19455,19456,19488,19510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19457,19458,19460,19462,19464,19466,19468,19470,19472,19474,19476,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19459,18811],{"class":50},[44,19461,55],{"class":54},[44,19463,9299],{"class":1861},[44,19465,108],{"class":58},[44,19467,17364],{"class":111},[44,19469,3105],{"class":58},[44,19471,63],{"class":62},[44,19473,395],{"class":66},[44,19475,63],{"class":62},[44,19477,83],{"class":58},[44,19479,75],{"class":62},[44,19481,1005],{"class":66},[44,19483,63],{"class":62},[44,19485,18140],{"class":58},[44,19487,18074],{"class":58},[44,19489,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19491,18844],{"class":50},[44,19493,4027],{"class":58},[44,19495,63],{"class":62},[44,19497,395],{"class":66},[44,19499,63],{"class":62},[44,19501,13643],{"class":58},[44,19503,13646],{"class":111},[44,19505,157],{"class":58},[44,19507,3108],{"class":95},[44,19509,162],{"class":58},[44,19511,19512,19514,19516,19518],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,19513,154],{"class":153},[44,19515,157],{"class":58},[44,19517,18844],{"class":111},[44,19519,162],{"class":58},[35,19521,19523],{"className":37,"code":19522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19524,19525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19526,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19528,154],{"class":153},[44,19530,157],{"class":58},[44,19532,1862],{"class":1861},[44,19534,157],{"class":58},[44,19536,1918],{"class":1861},[44,19538,108],{"class":58},[44,19540,17364],{"class":111},[44,19542,3105],{"class":58},[44,19544,3108],{"class":95},[44,19546,83],{"class":58},[44,19548,1012],{"class":95},[44,19550,83],{"class":58},[44,19552,1017],{"class":95},[44,19554,18140],{"class":58},[44,19556,75],{"class":62},[44,19558,2590],{"class":66},[44,19560,63],{"class":62},[44,19562,3031],{"class":58},[30,19564,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,19566,1963,19568,19570],{"id":19567},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19569,17299],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19572,19573],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1960,19575,19577],{"id":19576},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19579,19580,19581,108],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19582,217],{},[1960,19584,19586],{"id":19585},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19588,19589],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1960,19591,19593],{"id":19592},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19595,18230],{},[35,19597,19599],{"className":37,"code":19598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19600,19601,19633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19602,19603,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19604,17323],{"class":50},[44,19606,55],{"class":54},[44,19608,3746],{"class":58},[44,19610,63],{"class":62},[44,19612,395],{"class":66},[44,19614,63],{"class":62},[44,19616,83],{"class":58},[44,19618,75],{"class":62},[44,19620,1005],{"class":66},[44,19622,63],{"class":62},[44,19624,83],{"class":58},[44,19626,75],{"class":62},[44,19628,9855],{"class":66},[44,19630,63],{"class":62},[44,19632,3759],{"class":58},[44,19634,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19636,489],{"class":50},[44,19638,55],{"class":54},[44,19640,59],{"class":58},[44,19642,1904],{"class":50},[44,19644,72],{"class":58},[44,19646,18282],{"class":58},[44,19648,4003],{"class":4002},[44,19650,18287],{"class":50},[44,19652,4009],{"class":4002},[44,19654,18292],{"class":50},[44,19656,99],{"class":58},[30,19658,2020],{"id":2019},[192,19660,19661,19665,19669,19673,19679],{},[195,19662,19663],{},[395,19664,11352],{"href":13122},[195,19666,19667],{},[395,19668,9285],{"href":13119},[195,19670,19671],{},[395,19672,2032],{"href":17982},[195,19674,19675],{},[395,19676,10848,19677,10852],{"href":2082},[15,19678,17],{},[195,19680,19681],{},[395,19682,10848,19683,10852],{"href":15084},[15,19684,12875],{},[20,19686,172,19687,19689],{},[15,19688,17304],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2048,19691,19692],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":19694},[19695,19696,19698,19702,19703,19705,19710,19712,19719,19728,19729,19736],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":17403,"depth":102,"text":19697},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17447,"depth":102,"text":17448,"children":19699},[19700,19701],{"id":17474,"depth":150,"text":17475},{"id":1292,"depth":150,"text":1293},{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":17657,"depth":102,"text":19704},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17985,"depth":102,"text":17986,"children":19706},[19707,19708,19709],{"id":18015,"depth":150,"text":18016},{"id":18178,"depth":150,"text":18179},{"id":18226,"depth":150,"text":18227},{"id":18390,"depth":102,"text":19711},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18546,"depth":102,"text":19713,"children":19714},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19715,19717,19718],{"id":18557,"depth":150,"text":19716},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18622,"depth":150,"text":18623},{"id":18696,"depth":150,"text":18697},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":19720},[19721,19722,19724,19726],{"id":18800,"depth":150,"text":18801},{"id":18983,"depth":150,"text":19723},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19117,"depth":150,"text":19725},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19270,"depth":150,"text":19727},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19361,"depth":102,"text":19362},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":19730},[19731,19733,19734,19735],{"id":19567,"depth":150,"text":19732},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19576,"depth":150,"text":19577},{"id":19585,"depth":150,"text":19586},{"id":19592,"depth":150,"text":19593},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17291,"description":19737},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19744,"title":19745,"body":19746,"description":21569,"extension":2080,"meta":21570,"navigation":682,"path":21571,"seo":21572,"stem":21573,"__hash__":21574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19747,"toc":21536},[19748,19753,19759,19770,19899,19906,19911,19915,19931,19933,20029,20032,20049,20053,20055,20060,20098,20101,20119,20121,20237,20242,20246,20262,20265,20401,20404,20409,20415,20418,20455,20458,20462,20467,20543,20547,20552,20634,20636,20652,20657,20661,20667,20736,20739,20756,20759,20841,20847,20850,20870,20874,20879,20885,20891,20962,20965,20971,20974,21047,21054,21060,21068,21078,21080,21175,21181,21186,21273,21279,21281,21286,21308,21311,21406,21409,21440,21453,21455,21463,21469,21475,21478,21484,21489,21496,21501,21503,21533],[10,19749,13,19751,18],{"id":19750},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19752,10851],{},[20,19754,19755,19756,19758],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19757,10851],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19760,19761,19762,2307,19765,1298,19767,19769],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19763,19764],{},"KeyError",[15,19766,10851],{},[15,19768,217],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19771,19773],{"className":37,"code":19772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19774,19775,19811,19815,19840,19865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19776,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19793,19795,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19778,51],{"class":50},[44,19780,55],{"class":54},[44,19782,59],{"class":58},[44,19784,63],{"class":62},[44,19786,67],{"class":66},[44,19788,63],{"class":62},[44,19790,72],{"class":58},[44,19792,75],{"class":62},[44,19794,78],{"class":66},[44,19796,63],{"class":62},[44,19798,83],{"class":58},[44,19800,75],{"class":62},[44,19802,88],{"class":66},[44,19804,63],{"class":62},[44,19806,72],{"class":58},[44,19808,1164],{"class":95},[44,19810,99],{"class":58},[44,19812,19813],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19814,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,19816,19817,19819,19821,19823,19825,19827,19829,19831,19833,19835,19837],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,19818,154],{"class":153},[44,19820,157],{"class":58},[44,19822,105],{"class":111},[44,19824,108],{"class":58},[44,19826,1897],{"class":111},[44,19828,157],{"class":58},[44,19830,63],{"class":62},[44,19832,67],{"class":66},[44,19834,63],{"class":62},[44,19836,5491],{"class":58},[44,19838,19839],{"class":168},"           # Ana\n",[44,19841,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,19843,154],{"class":153},[44,19845,157],{"class":58},[44,19847,105],{"class":111},[44,19849,108],{"class":58},[44,19851,1897],{"class":111},[44,19853,157],{"class":58},[44,19855,63],{"class":62},[44,19857,133],{"class":66},[44,19859,63],{"class":62},[44,19861,5491],{"class":58},[44,19863,19864],{"class":168},"           # None\n",[44,19866,19867,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19892,19894,19896],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,19868,154],{"class":153},[44,19870,157],{"class":58},[44,19872,105],{"class":111},[44,19874,108],{"class":58},[44,19876,1897],{"class":111},[44,19878,157],{"class":58},[44,19880,63],{"class":62},[44,19882,133],{"class":66},[44,19884,63],{"class":62},[44,19886,83],{"class":58},[44,19888,75],{"class":62},[44,19890,19891],{"class":66},"N\u002FA",[44,19893,63],{"class":62},[44,19895,5491],{"class":58},[44,19897,19898],{"class":168},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19900,172,19901,19903,19904,108],{},[15,19902,10851],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19905,19764],{},[30,19907,179,19909,182],{"id":19908},"what-get-does",[15,19910,10851],{},[20,19912,22,19913,11519],{},[15,19914,10851],{},[192,19916,19917,19920,19925,19928],{},[195,19918,19919],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[195,19921,11530,19922,19924],{},[15,19923,217],{}," if the key does not exist",[195,19926,19927],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[195,19929,19930],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19932,223],{},[35,19934,19936],{"className":37,"code":19935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19937,19938,19975,19979,20004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19939,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19941,233],{"class":50},[44,19943,55],{"class":54},[44,19945,59],{"class":58},[44,19947,63],{"class":62},[44,19949,67],{"class":66},[44,19951,63],{"class":62},[44,19953,72],{"class":58},[44,19955,75],{"class":62},[44,19957,19958],{"class":66},"Lina",[44,19960,63],{"class":62},[44,19962,83],{"class":58},[44,19964,75],{"class":62},[44,19966,259],{"class":66},[44,19968,63],{"class":62},[44,19970,72],{"class":58},[44,19972,827],{"class":95},[44,19974,99],{"class":58},[44,19976,19977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,19978,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,19980,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,19982,154],{"class":153},[44,19984,157],{"class":58},[44,19986,277],{"class":111},[44,19988,108],{"class":58},[44,19990,1897],{"class":111},[44,19992,157],{"class":58},[44,19994,63],{"class":62},[44,19996,67],{"class":66},[44,19998,63],{"class":62},[44,20000,5491],{"class":58},[44,20002,20003],{"class":168},"     # Lina\n",[44,20005,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20007,154],{"class":153},[44,20009,157],{"class":58},[44,20011,277],{"class":111},[44,20013,108],{"class":58},[44,20015,1897],{"class":111},[44,20017,157],{"class":58},[44,20019,63],{"class":62},[44,20021,15344],{"class":66},[44,20023,63],{"class":62},[44,20025,5491],{"class":58},[44,20027,20028],{"class":168},"    # None\n",[20,20030,20031],{},"In this example:",[192,20033,20034,20039],{},[195,20035,20036,20038],{},[15,20037,15325],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[195,20040,20041,20044,20045,1298,20047],{},[15,20042,20043],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20046,10851],{},[15,20048,217],{},[20,20050,13116,20051,108],{},[395,20052,9285],{"href":9284},[30,20054,402],{"id":401},[20,20056,20057,20058,72],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20059,10851],{},[35,20061,20063],{"className":37,"code":20062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20064,20065,20079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20066,20067,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20068,415],{"class":50},[44,20070,108],{"class":58},[44,20072,1897],{"class":111},[44,20074,157],{"class":58},[44,20076,1904],{"class":111},[44,20078,162],{"class":58},[44,20080,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20082,415],{"class":50},[44,20084,108],{"class":58},[44,20086,1897],{"class":111},[44,20088,157],{"class":58},[44,20090,1904],{"class":111},[44,20092,83],{"class":58},[44,20094,20095],{"class":111}," default_value",[44,20097,162],{"class":58},[20,20099,20100],{},"What each part means:",[192,20102,20103,20108,20114],{},[195,20104,20105,20107],{},[15,20106,1904],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[195,20109,20110,20113],{},[15,20111,20112],{},"default_value"," is optional",[195,20115,20116,20117],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20118,217],{},[20,20120,223],{},[35,20122,20124],{"className":37,"code":20123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20125,20126,20150,20154,20179,20204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20127,20128,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20146,20148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20129,601],{"class":50},[44,20131,55],{"class":54},[44,20133,59],{"class":58},[44,20135,63],{"class":62},[44,20137,610],{"class":66},[44,20139,63],{"class":62},[44,20141,72],{"class":58},[44,20143,75],{"class":62},[44,20145,12604],{"class":66},[44,20147,63],{"class":62},[44,20149,99],{"class":58},[44,20151,20152],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20153,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20155,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20157,154],{"class":153},[44,20159,157],{"class":58},[44,20161,688],{"class":111},[44,20163,108],{"class":58},[44,20165,1897],{"class":111},[44,20167,157],{"class":58},[44,20169,63],{"class":62},[44,20171,610],{"class":66},[44,20173,63],{"class":62},[44,20175,5491],{"class":58},[44,20177,20178],{"class":168},"            # dark\n",[44,20180,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20182,154],{"class":153},[44,20184,157],{"class":58},[44,20186,688],{"class":111},[44,20188,108],{"class":58},[44,20190,1897],{"class":111},[44,20192,157],{"class":58},[44,20194,63],{"class":62},[44,20196,664],{"class":66},[44,20198,63],{"class":62},[44,20200,5491],{"class":58},[44,20202,20203],{"class":168},"         # None\n",[44,20205,20206,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,20207,154],{"class":153},[44,20209,157],{"class":58},[44,20211,688],{"class":111},[44,20213,108],{"class":58},[44,20215,1897],{"class":111},[44,20217,157],{"class":58},[44,20219,63],{"class":62},[44,20221,664],{"class":66},[44,20223,63],{"class":62},[44,20225,83],{"class":58},[44,20227,75],{"class":62},[44,20229,673],{"class":66},[44,20231,63],{"class":62},[44,20233,5491],{"class":58},[44,20235,20236],{"class":168},"   # en\n",[30,20238,1551,20240],{"id":20239},"when-to-use-get",[15,20241,10851],{},[20,20243,172,20244,1558],{},[15,20245,10851],{},[192,20247,20248,20251,20256,20259],{},[195,20249,20250],{},"A key might not exist",[195,20252,20253,20254],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20255,19764],{},[195,20257,20258],{},"You are reading optional data",[195,20260,20261],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20263,20264],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,20266,20268],{"className":37,"code":20267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20269,20270,20312,20316,20341,20367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20271,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20308,20310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20273,1061],{"class":50},[44,20275,55],{"class":54},[44,20277,59],{"class":58},[44,20279,63],{"class":62},[44,20281,8116],{"class":66},[44,20283,63],{"class":62},[44,20285,72],{"class":58},[44,20287,75],{"class":62},[44,20289,20290],{"class":66},"sam",[44,20292,63],{"class":62},[44,20294,83],{"class":58},[44,20296,75],{"class":62},[44,20298,15344],{"class":66},[44,20300,63],{"class":62},[44,20302,72],{"class":58},[44,20304,75],{"class":62},[44,20306,20307],{"class":66},"sam@example.com",[44,20309,63],{"class":62},[44,20311,99],{"class":58},[44,20313,20314],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20315,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20317,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334,20336,20338],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20319,154],{"class":153},[44,20321,157],{"class":58},[44,20323,1087],{"class":111},[44,20325,108],{"class":58},[44,20327,1897],{"class":111},[44,20329,157],{"class":58},[44,20331,63],{"class":62},[44,20333,8116],{"class":66},[44,20335,63],{"class":62},[44,20337,5491],{"class":58},[44,20339,20340],{"class":168},"              # sam\n",[44,20342,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20360,20362,20364],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20344,154],{"class":153},[44,20346,157],{"class":58},[44,20348,1087],{"class":111},[44,20350,108],{"class":58},[44,20352,1897],{"class":111},[44,20354,157],{"class":58},[44,20356,63],{"class":62},[44,20358,20359],{"class":66},"phone",[44,20361,63],{"class":62},[44,20363,5491],{"class":58},[44,20365,20366],{"class":168},"                 # None\n",[44,20368,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20394,20396,20398],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,20370,154],{"class":153},[44,20372,157],{"class":58},[44,20374,1087],{"class":111},[44,20376,108],{"class":58},[44,20378,1897],{"class":111},[44,20380,157],{"class":58},[44,20382,63],{"class":62},[44,20384,20359],{"class":66},[44,20386,63],{"class":62},[44,20388,83],{"class":58},[44,20390,75],{"class":62},[44,20392,20393],{"class":66},"Not provided",[44,20395,63],{"class":62},[44,20397,5491],{"class":58},[44,20399,20400],{"class":168}," # Not provided\n",[20,20402,20403],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20405,20406,20407,108],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[395,20408,1799],{"href":1798},[30,20410,20412,20414],{"id":20411},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20413,10851],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20416,20417],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20419,20421],{"className":37,"code":20420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20422,20423,20437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20424,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433,20435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20426,511],{"class":50},[44,20428,4027],{"class":58},[44,20430,63],{"class":62},[44,20432,1904],{"class":66},[44,20434,63],{"class":62},[44,20436,3759],{"class":58},[44,20438,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20440,511],{"class":50},[44,20442,108],{"class":58},[44,20444,1897],{"class":111},[44,20446,157],{"class":58},[44,20448,63],{"class":62},[44,20450,1904],{"class":66},[44,20452,63],{"class":62},[44,20454,162],{"class":58},[20,20456,20457],{},"The difference is important.",[1960,20459,20461],{"id":20460},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20463,20464,20465,108],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20466,19764],{},[35,20468,20470],{"className":37,"code":20469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20471,20472,20496,20500,20522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20473,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20475,489],{"class":50},[44,20477,55],{"class":54},[44,20479,59],{"class":58},[44,20481,63],{"class":62},[44,20483,67],{"class":66},[44,20485,63],{"class":62},[44,20487,72],{"class":58},[44,20489,75],{"class":62},[44,20491,78],{"class":66},[44,20493,63],{"class":62},[44,20495,99],{"class":58},[44,20497,20498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20499,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20501,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20519],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20503,154],{"class":153},[44,20505,157],{"class":58},[44,20507,511],{"class":111},[44,20509,4027],{"class":58},[44,20511,63],{"class":62},[44,20513,67],{"class":66},[44,20515,63],{"class":62},[44,20517,20518],{"class":58},"])",[44,20520,20521],{"class":168},"   # Ana\n",[44,20523,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20525,154],{"class":153},[44,20527,157],{"class":58},[44,20529,511],{"class":111},[44,20531,4027],{"class":58},[44,20533,63],{"class":62},[44,20535,133],{"class":66},[44,20537,63],{"class":62},[44,20539,20518],{"class":58},[44,20541,20542],{"class":168},"   # KeyError\n",[1960,20544,20545],{"id":1897},[15,20546,10851],{},[20,20548,20549,20551],{},[15,20550,10851],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20553,20555],{"className":37,"code":20554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20556,20557,20581,20585,20609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20558,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20560,489],{"class":50},[44,20562,55],{"class":54},[44,20564,59],{"class":58},[44,20566,63],{"class":62},[44,20568,67],{"class":66},[44,20570,63],{"class":62},[44,20572,72],{"class":58},[44,20574,75],{"class":62},[44,20576,78],{"class":66},[44,20578,63],{"class":62},[44,20580,99],{"class":58},[44,20582,20583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20584,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20586,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20588,154],{"class":153},[44,20590,157],{"class":58},[44,20592,511],{"class":111},[44,20594,108],{"class":58},[44,20596,1897],{"class":111},[44,20598,157],{"class":58},[44,20600,63],{"class":62},[44,20602,67],{"class":66},[44,20604,63],{"class":62},[44,20606,5491],{"class":58},[44,20608,20521],{"class":168},[44,20610,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20612,154],{"class":153},[44,20614,157],{"class":58},[44,20616,511],{"class":111},[44,20618,108],{"class":58},[44,20620,1897],{"class":111},[44,20622,157],{"class":58},[44,20624,63],{"class":62},[44,20626,133],{"class":66},[44,20628,63],{"class":62},[44,20630,5491],{"class":58},[44,20632,20633],{"class":168},"   # None\n",[20,20635,18771],{},[192,20637,20638,20644],{},[195,20639,20640,20641],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3868,20642,20643],{},"must exist",[195,20645,20646,20648,20649],{},[15,20647,10851],{}," when the key is ",[3868,20650,20651],{},"optional",[20,20653,20654,20655,108],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[395,20656,1954],{"href":1953},[30,20658,20660],{"id":20659},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20662,20663,20664,20666],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20665,10851],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,20668,20670],{"className":37,"code":20669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20671,20672,20697,20701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20673,20674,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20675,20676],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,20678,55],{"class":54},[44,20680,59],{"class":58},[44,20682,63],{"class":62},[44,20684,67],{"class":66},[44,20686,63],{"class":62},[44,20688,72],{"class":58},[44,20690,75],{"class":62},[44,20692,8052],{"class":66},[44,20694,63],{"class":62},[44,20696,99],{"class":58},[44,20698,20699],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20700,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20702,20703,20705,20707,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20729,20731,20733],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20704,154],{"class":153},[44,20706,157],{"class":58},[44,20708,20709],{"class":111},"profile",[44,20711,108],{"class":58},[44,20713,1897],{"class":111},[44,20715,157],{"class":58},[44,20717,63],{"class":62},[44,20719,15347],{"class":66},[44,20721,63],{"class":62},[44,20723,83],{"class":58},[44,20725,75],{"class":62},[44,20727,20728],{"class":66},"Unknown",[44,20730,63],{"class":62},[44,20732,5491],{"class":58},[44,20734,20735],{"class":168},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20737,20738],{},"This is useful for display text:",[192,20740,20741,20746,20751],{},[195,20742,20743],{},[15,20744,20745],{},"\"Unknown\"",[195,20747,20748],{},[15,20749,20750],{},"\"Not set\"",[195,20752,20753],{},[15,20754,20755],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20757,20758],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20760,20762],{"className":37,"code":20761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20763,20764,20796,20800,20827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20765,20766,20768,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790,20792,20794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20767,811],{"class":50},[44,20769,55],{"class":54},[44,20771,59],{"class":58},[44,20773,63],{"class":62},[44,20775,820],{"class":66},[44,20777,63],{"class":62},[44,20779,72],{"class":58},[44,20781,528],{"class":95},[44,20783,83],{"class":58},[44,20785,75],{"class":62},[44,20787,844],{"class":66},[44,20789,63],{"class":62},[44,20791,72],{"class":58},[44,20793,6489],{"class":95},[44,20795,99],{"class":58},[44,20797,20798],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20799,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20801,20802,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20823,20825],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20803,20804],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20806,55],{"class":54},[44,20808,5241],{"class":50},[44,20810,108],{"class":58},[44,20812,1897],{"class":111},[44,20814,157],{"class":58},[44,20816,63],{"class":62},[44,20818,18511],{"class":66},[44,20820,63],{"class":62},[44,20822,83],{"class":58},[44,20824,3959],{"class":95},[44,20826,162],{"class":58},[44,20828,20829,20831,20833,20836,20838],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20830,154],{"class":153},[44,20832,157],{"class":58},[44,20834,20835],{"class":111},"total_history",[44,20837,3786],{"class":58},[44,20839,20840],{"class":168},"   # 0\n",[20,20842,20843,20844,20846],{},"Here, ",[15,20845,2237],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20848,20849],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[192,20851,20852,20855,20860,20865],{},[195,20853,20854],{},"Use a string for text",[195,20856,172,20857,20859],{},[15,20858,2237],{}," for numbers",[195,20861,172,20862,20864],{},[15,20863,3912],{}," for lists if needed",[195,20866,172,20867,20869],{},[15,20868,3917],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20871,20873],{"id":20872},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20875,20876,20877,108],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20878,10851],{},[1960,20880,20882,20884],{"id":20881},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20883,10851],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20886,20887,20888,20890],{},"This code does ",[3868,20889,4762],{}," create a new key:",[35,20892,20894],{"className":37,"code":20893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20895,20896,20920,20924,20949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20897,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20899,51],{"class":50},[44,20901,55],{"class":54},[44,20903,59],{"class":58},[44,20905,63],{"class":62},[44,20907,67],{"class":66},[44,20909,63],{"class":62},[44,20911,72],{"class":58},[44,20913,75],{"class":62},[44,20915,78],{"class":66},[44,20917,63],{"class":62},[44,20919,99],{"class":58},[44,20921,20922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,20923,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,20925,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944,20946],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,20927,154],{"class":153},[44,20929,157],{"class":58},[44,20931,105],{"class":111},[44,20933,108],{"class":58},[44,20935,1897],{"class":111},[44,20937,157],{"class":58},[44,20939,63],{"class":62},[44,20941,133],{"class":66},[44,20943,63],{"class":62},[44,20945,5491],{"class":58},[44,20947,20948],{"class":168},"  # None\n",[44,20950,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,20952,154],{"class":153},[44,20954,157],{"class":58},[44,20956,105],{"class":111},[44,20958,3786],{"class":58},[44,20960,20961],{"class":168},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20963,20964],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1960,20966,20968,20970],{"id":20967},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20969,10851],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20972,20973],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20975,20977],{"className":37,"code":20976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20978,20979,21004,21008,21034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20980,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20982,601],{"class":50},[44,20984,55],{"class":54},[44,20986,59],{"class":58},[44,20988,63],{"class":62},[44,20990,20991],{"class":66},"mode",[44,20993,63],{"class":62},[44,20995,72],{"class":58},[44,20997,75],{"class":62},[44,20999,619],{"class":66},[44,21001,63],{"class":62},[44,21003,99],{"class":58},[44,21005,21006],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21007,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21009,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024,21026,21028,21030,21032],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21011,688],{"class":50},[44,21013,108],{"class":58},[44,21015,1897],{"class":111},[44,21017,157],{"class":58},[44,21019,63],{"class":62},[44,21021,610],{"class":66},[44,21023,63],{"class":62},[44,21025,83],{"class":58},[44,21027,75],{"class":62},[44,21029,12604],{"class":66},[44,21031,63],{"class":62},[44,21033,162],{"class":58},[44,21035,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,21037,154],{"class":153},[44,21039,157],{"class":58},[44,21041,688],{"class":111},[44,21043,3786],{"class":58},[44,21045,21046],{"class":168},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21048,21049,21050,21053],{},"Even though ",[15,21051,21052],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1960,21055,21057,21058],{"id":21056},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21059,217],{},[20,21061,21062,21063,1298,21065,21067],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21064,10851],{},[15,21066,217],{}," because:",[192,21069,21070,21073],{},[195,21071,21072],{},"The key is missing, or",[195,21074,21075,21076],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21077,217],{},[20,21079,223],{},[35,21081,21083],{"className":37,"code":21082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21084,21085,21122,21126,21150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21086,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21097,21099,21101,21103,21105,21107,21109,21111,21114,21116,21118,21120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21088,489],{"class":50},[44,21090,55],{"class":54},[44,21092,59],{"class":58},[44,21094,63],{"class":62},[44,21096,67],{"class":66},[44,21098,63],{"class":62},[44,21100,72],{"class":58},[44,21102,75],{"class":62},[44,21104,78],{"class":66},[44,21106,63],{"class":62},[44,21108,83],{"class":58},[44,21110,75],{"class":62},[44,21112,21113],{"class":66},"nickname",[44,21115,63],{"class":62},[44,21117,72],{"class":58},[44,21119,3978],{"class":1400},[44,21121,99],{"class":58},[44,21123,21124],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21125,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21127,21128,21130,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21129,154],{"class":153},[44,21131,157],{"class":58},[44,21133,511],{"class":111},[44,21135,108],{"class":58},[44,21137,1897],{"class":111},[44,21139,157],{"class":58},[44,21141,63],{"class":62},[44,21143,21113],{"class":66},[44,21145,63],{"class":62},[44,21147,5491],{"class":58},[44,21149,20948],{"class":168},[44,21151,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164,21166,21168,21170,21172],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,21153,154],{"class":153},[44,21155,157],{"class":58},[44,21157,511],{"class":111},[44,21159,108],{"class":58},[44,21161,1897],{"class":111},[44,21163,157],{"class":58},[44,21165,63],{"class":62},[44,21167,133],{"class":66},[44,21169,63],{"class":62},[44,21171,5491],{"class":58},[44,21173,21174],{"class":168},"      # None\n",[20,21176,21177,21178,21180],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21179,217],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21182,21183,21184,72],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21185,4009],{},[35,21187,21189],{"className":37,"code":21188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21190,21191,21227,21231,21252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21192,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209,21211,21213,21215,21217,21219,21221,21223,21225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21194,489],{"class":50},[44,21196,55],{"class":54},[44,21198,59],{"class":58},[44,21200,63],{"class":62},[44,21202,67],{"class":66},[44,21204,63],{"class":62},[44,21206,72],{"class":58},[44,21208,75],{"class":62},[44,21210,78],{"class":66},[44,21212,63],{"class":62},[44,21214,83],{"class":58},[44,21216,75],{"class":62},[44,21218,21113],{"class":66},[44,21220,63],{"class":62},[44,21222,72],{"class":58},[44,21224,3978],{"class":1400},[44,21226,99],{"class":58},[44,21228,21229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21230,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21232,21233,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21246,21248,21250],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21234,154],{"class":153},[44,21236,157],{"class":58},[44,21238,63],{"class":62},[44,21240,21113],{"class":66},[44,21242,63],{"class":62},[44,21244,21245],{"class":4002}," in",[44,21247,14653],{"class":111},[44,21249,3786],{"class":58},[44,21251,3789],{"class":168},[44,21253,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,21255,154],{"class":153},[44,21257,157],{"class":58},[44,21259,63],{"class":62},[44,21261,133],{"class":66},[44,21263,63],{"class":62},[44,21265,21245],{"class":4002},[44,21267,14653],{"class":111},[44,21269,3786],{"class":58},[44,21271,21272],{"class":168},"      # False\n",[20,21274,21275,21276,108],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[395,21277,21278],{"href":17234},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,21280,1803],{"id":1802},[20,21282,21283,21284,72],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21285,10851],{},[192,21287,21288,21293,21300,21305],{},[195,21289,21290,21291],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21292,19764],{},[195,21294,4836,21295,1298,21297,21299],{},[15,21296,10851],{},[15,21298,217],{}," if no default is provided",[195,21301,4710,21302,21304],{},[15,21303,10851],{}," creates a key automatically",[195,21306,21307],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21309,21310],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,21312,21314],{"className":37,"code":21313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21315,21316,21326,21340,21358,21380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21317,21318,21320,21322,21324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21319,154],{"class":153},[44,21321,157],{"class":58},[44,21323,1850],{"class":111},[44,21325,162],{"class":58},[44,21327,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336,21338],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21329,154],{"class":153},[44,21331,157],{"class":58},[44,21333,1850],{"class":111},[44,21335,108],{"class":58},[44,21337,17004],{"class":111},[44,21339,7325],{"class":58},[44,21341,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21343,154],{"class":153},[44,21345,157],{"class":58},[44,21347,343],{"class":62},[44,21349,67],{"class":66},[44,21351,343],{"class":62},[44,21353,21245],{"class":4002},[44,21355,11871],{"class":111},[44,21357,162],{"class":58},[44,21359,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,21361,154],{"class":153},[44,21363,157],{"class":58},[44,21365,1850],{"class":111},[44,21367,108],{"class":58},[44,21369,1897],{"class":111},[44,21371,157],{"class":58},[44,21373,343],{"class":62},[44,21375,67],{"class":66},[44,21377,343],{"class":62},[44,21379,1869],{"class":58},[44,21381,21382,21384,21386,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,21383,154],{"class":153},[44,21385,157],{"class":58},[44,21387,1862],{"class":1861},[44,21389,157],{"class":58},[44,21391,1850],{"class":111},[44,21393,108],{"class":58},[44,21395,1897],{"class":111},[44,21397,157],{"class":58},[44,21399,343],{"class":62},[44,21401,67],{"class":66},[44,21403,343],{"class":62},[44,21405,3031],{"class":58},[20,21407,21408],{},"What these checks tell you:",[192,21410,21411,21416,21422,21428,21434],{},[195,21412,21413,21415],{},[15,21414,12778],{}," shows the full dictionary",[195,21417,21418,21421],{},[15,21419,21420],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[195,21423,21424,21427],{},[15,21425,21426],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[195,21429,21430,21433],{},[15,21431,21432],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[195,21435,21436,21439],{},[15,21437,21438],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21441,21442,21443,4523,21448,21452],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[395,21444,21445,21446,10852],{"href":17143},"the dictionary ",[15,21447,17146],{},[395,21449,21445,21450,10852],{"href":17156},[15,21451,17159],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21454,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,21456,1963,21458,21460,21461,2610],{"id":21457},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21459,10851],{}," raise ",[15,21462,19764],{},[20,21464,21465,21466,21468],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21467,217],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1960,21470,1963,21472,21474],{"id":21471},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21473,10851],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21476,21477],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1960,21479,21481,21482,2610],{"id":21480},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21483,10851],{},[20,21485,21486,21488],{},[15,21487,217],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1960,21490,21492,21493,21495],{"id":21491},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21494,10851],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21497,172,21498,21500],{},[15,21499,10851],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21502,2020],{"id":2019},[192,21504,21505,21509,21515,21521,21525,21529],{},[195,21506,21507],{},[395,21508,9285],{"href":9284},[195,21510,21511],{},[395,21512,10848,21513,10852],{"href":17143},[15,21514,17146],{},[195,21516,21517],{},[395,21518,10848,21519,10852],{"href":17156},[15,21520,17159],{},[195,21522,21523],{},[395,21524,17235],{"href":17234},[195,21526,21527],{},[395,21528,2042],{"href":1798},[195,21530,21531],{},[395,21532,1954],{"href":1953},[2048,21534,21535],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21546,21547],{"id":20460,"depth":150,"text":20461},{"id":1897,"depth":150,"text":10851},{"id":20659,"depth":102,"text":20660},{"id":20872,"depth":102,"text":20873,"children":21550},[21551,21553,21555],{"id":20881,"depth":150,"text":21552},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20967,"depth":150,"text":21554},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21056,"depth":150,"text":21556},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":21559},[21560,21562,21564,21566],{"id":21457,"depth":150,"text":21561},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21471,"depth":150,"text":21563},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21480,"depth":150,"text":21565},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21491,"depth":150,"text":21567},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19745,"description":21569},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21576,"title":21577,"body":21578,"description":24134,"extension":2080,"meta":24135,"navigation":682,"path":24136,"seo":24137,"stem":24138,"__hash__":24139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21579,"toc":24100},[21580,21585,21591,21597,21599,21681,21685,21702,21707,21712,21717,21719,21733,21735,21798,21802,21842,21850,21852,21854,21869,21872,21885,21887,21966,21970,22036,22038,22042,22050,22052,22063,22065,22175,22179,22258,22264,22270,22275,22387,22391,22423,22426,22533,22539,22546,22550,22553,22656,22660,22721,22724,22727,22738,22747,22750,22767,22769,22868,22872,22947,22950,22973,22978,22983,23000,23002,23123,23127,23161,23163,23168,23175,23185,23187,23265,23268,23339,23349,23352,23384,23387,23426,23432,23439,23442,23533,23537,23618,23624,23627,23630,23735,23738,23741,23863,23867,23870,23937,23941,23978,23984,23986,23992,23997,24003,24010,24016,24019,24058,24064,24067,24069,24097],[10,21581,13,21583,18],{"id":21582},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21584,17159],{},[20,21586,22,21587,21590],{},[15,21588,21589],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21592,21593,21594,21596],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21595,17159],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21598,33],{"id":32},[35,21600,21602],{"className":37,"code":21601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21603,21604,21640,21644,21667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21605,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21607,51],{"class":50},[44,21609,55],{"class":54},[44,21611,59],{"class":58},[44,21613,63],{"class":62},[44,21615,67],{"class":66},[44,21617,63],{"class":62},[44,21619,72],{"class":58},[44,21621,75],{"class":62},[44,21623,78],{"class":66},[44,21625,63],{"class":62},[44,21627,83],{"class":58},[44,21629,75],{"class":62},[44,21631,88],{"class":66},[44,21633,63],{"class":62},[44,21635,72],{"class":58},[44,21637,1164],{"class":95},[44,21639,99],{"class":58},[44,21641,21642],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21643,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21645,21646,21648,21651,21653,21656,21658,21660,21662,21664],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21647,6087],{"class":4002},[44,21649,21650],{"class":50}," key",[44,21652,83],{"class":58},[44,21654,21655],{"class":50}," value ",[44,21657,4009],{"class":4002},[44,21659,1345],{"class":50},[44,21661,108],{"class":58},[44,21663,7940],{"class":111},[44,21665,21666],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,21668,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,21670,8200],{"class":153},[44,21672,157],{"class":58},[44,21674,1904],{"class":111},[44,21676,83],{"class":58},[44,21678,8564],{"class":111},[44,21680,162],{"class":58},[20,21682,21683],{},[3868,21684,330],{},[35,21686,21688],{"className":37,"code":21687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21689,21690,21695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21691,21692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21693,21694],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,21696,21697,21700],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21698,21699],{"class":50},"age ",[44,21701,2828],{"class":95},[20,21703,172,21704,21706],{},[15,21705,17159],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21708,179,21710,182],{"id":21709},"what-items-does",[15,21711,17159],{},[20,21713,21714,21716],{},[15,21715,17159],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21718,11564],{},[192,21720,21721,21727,21730],{},[195,21722,21723,21724],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21725,21726],{},"(key, value)",[195,21728,21729],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[195,21731,21732],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21734,223],{},[35,21736,21738],{"className":37,"code":21737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21739,21740,21776,21780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21741,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21743,51],{"class":50},[44,21745,55],{"class":54},[44,21747,59],{"class":58},[44,21749,63],{"class":62},[44,21751,67],{"class":66},[44,21753,63],{"class":62},[44,21755,72],{"class":58},[44,21757,75],{"class":62},[44,21759,78],{"class":66},[44,21761,63],{"class":62},[44,21763,83],{"class":58},[44,21765,75],{"class":62},[44,21767,88],{"class":66},[44,21769,63],{"class":62},[44,21771,72],{"class":58},[44,21773,1164],{"class":95},[44,21775,99],{"class":58},[44,21777,21778],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21779,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21781,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21783,154],{"class":153},[44,21785,157],{"class":58},[44,21787,1878],{"class":1861},[44,21789,157],{"class":58},[44,21791,105],{"class":111},[44,21793,108],{"class":58},[44,21795,7940],{"class":111},[44,21797,6419],{"class":58},[20,21799,21800],{},[3868,21801,330],{},[35,21803,21805],{"className":37,"code":21804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21806,21807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21808,21809,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21810,21811],{"class":58},"[(",[44,21813,343],{"class":62},[44,21815,67],{"class":66},[44,21817,343],{"class":62},[44,21819,83],{"class":58},[44,21821,352],{"class":62},[44,21823,78],{"class":66},[44,21825,343],{"class":62},[44,21827,854],{"class":58},[44,21829,857],{"class":58},[44,21831,343],{"class":62},[44,21833,88],{"class":66},[44,21835,343],{"class":62},[44,21837,83],{"class":58},[44,21839,1164],{"class":95},[44,21841,872],{"class":58},[20,21843,21844,21845,2997,21847,108],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[395,21846,9285],{"href":13119},[395,21848,15110],{"href":21849},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21851,402],{"id":401},[20,21853,5564],{},[35,21855,21857],{"className":37,"code":21856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21858,21859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21860,21861,21863,21865,21867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21862,1850],{"class":50},[44,21864,108],{"class":58},[44,21866,7940],{"class":111},[44,21868,1635],{"class":58},[20,21870,21871],{},"Things to remember:",[192,21873,21874,21879,21882],{},[195,21875,21876,21878],{},[15,21877,17159],{}," does not take any arguments",[195,21880,21881],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[195,21883,21884],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21886,223],{},[35,21888,21890],{"className":37,"code":21889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21891,21892,21924,21928,21942,21946,21956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21893,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21895,811],{"class":50},[44,21897,55],{"class":54},[44,21899,59],{"class":58},[44,21901,63],{"class":62},[44,21903,5135],{"class":66},[44,21905,63],{"class":62},[44,21907,72],{"class":58},[44,21909,827],{"class":95},[44,21911,83],{"class":58},[44,21913,75],{"class":62},[44,21915,5144],{"class":66},[44,21917,63],{"class":62},[44,21919,72],{"class":58},[44,21921,851],{"class":95},[44,21923,99],{"class":58},[44,21925,21926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,21927,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21929,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,21931,1340],{"class":50},[44,21933,55],{"class":54},[44,21935,5241],{"class":50},[44,21937,108],{"class":58},[44,21939,7940],{"class":111},[44,21941,1635],{"class":58},[44,21943,21944],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,21945,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,21947,21948,21950,21952,21954],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,21949,154],{"class":153},[44,21951,157],{"class":58},[44,21953,1376],{"class":111},[44,21955,162],{"class":58},[44,21957,21958,21960,21962,21964],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,21959,154],{"class":153},[44,21961,157],{"class":58},[44,21963,881],{"class":111},[44,21965,162],{"class":58},[20,21967,21968],{},[3868,21969,330],{},[35,21971,21973],{"className":37,"code":21972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21974,21975,22008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21976,21977,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21978,21979],{"class":111},"dict_items",[44,21981,9773],{"class":58},[44,21983,343],{"class":62},[44,21985,5135],{"class":66},[44,21987,343],{"class":62},[44,21989,83],{"class":58},[44,21991,827],{"class":95},[44,21993,854],{"class":58},[44,21995,857],{"class":58},[44,21997,343],{"class":62},[44,21999,5144],{"class":66},[44,22001,343],{"class":62},[44,22003,83],{"class":58},[44,22005,851],{"class":95},[44,22007,10791],{"class":58},[44,22009,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22011,340],{"class":58},[44,22013,343],{"class":62},[44,22015,5135],{"class":66},[44,22017,343],{"class":62},[44,22019,72],{"class":58},[44,22021,827],{"class":95},[44,22023,83],{"class":58},[44,22025,352],{"class":62},[44,22027,5144],{"class":66},[44,22029,343],{"class":62},[44,22031,72],{"class":58},[44,22033,851],{"class":95},[44,22035,99],{"class":58},[20,22037,20964],{},[30,22039,22041],{"id":22040},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22043,22044,22046,22047,22049],{},[15,22045,17159],{}," returns a ",[15,22048,21979],{}," view object.",[20,22051,2224],{},[192,22053,22054,22057,22060],{},[195,22055,22056],{},"You can loop over it",[195,22058,22059],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[195,22061,22062],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22064,223],{},[35,22066,22068],{"className":37,"code":22067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22069,22070,22102,22116,22120,22134,22138,22157,22161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22071,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22073,489],{"class":50},[44,22075,55],{"class":54},[44,22077,59],{"class":58},[44,22079,63],{"class":62},[44,22081,2291],{"class":66},[44,22083,63],{"class":62},[44,22085,72],{"class":58},[44,22087,504],{"class":95},[44,22089,83],{"class":58},[44,22091,75],{"class":62},[44,22093,11850],{"class":66},[44,22095,63],{"class":62},[44,22097,72],{"class":58},[44,22099,1012],{"class":95},[44,22101,99],{"class":58},[44,22103,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22105,834],{"class":50},[44,22107,55],{"class":54},[44,22109,14653],{"class":50},[44,22111,108],{"class":58},[44,22113,7940],{"class":111},[44,22115,1635],{"class":58},[44,22117,22118],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22119,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22121,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,22123,154],{"class":153},[44,22125,157],{"class":58},[44,22127,1878],{"class":1861},[44,22129,157],{"class":58},[44,22131,890],{"class":111},[44,22133,1869],{"class":58},[44,22135,22136],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,22137,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22139,22140,22142,22144,22146,22149,22151,22153,22155],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,22141,511],{"class":50},[44,22143,4027],{"class":58},[44,22145,63],{"class":62},[44,22147,22148],{"class":66},"z",[44,22150,63],{"class":62},[44,22152,13368],{"class":58},[44,22154,13371],{"class":54},[44,22156,2696],{"class":95},[44,22158,22159],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,22160,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22162,22163,22165,22167,22169,22171,22173],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,22164,154],{"class":153},[44,22166,157],{"class":58},[44,22168,1878],{"class":1861},[44,22170,157],{"class":58},[44,22172,890],{"class":111},[44,22174,1869],{"class":58},[20,22176,22177],{},[3868,22178,330],{},[35,22180,22182],{"className":37,"code":22181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22183,22184,22214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22185,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22187,21811],{"class":58},[44,22189,343],{"class":62},[44,22191,2291],{"class":66},[44,22193,343],{"class":62},[44,22195,83],{"class":58},[44,22197,504],{"class":95},[44,22199,854],{"class":58},[44,22201,857],{"class":58},[44,22203,343],{"class":62},[44,22205,11850],{"class":66},[44,22207,343],{"class":62},[44,22209,83],{"class":58},[44,22211,1012],{"class":95},[44,22213,872],{"class":58},[44,22215,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22217,21811],{"class":58},[44,22219,343],{"class":62},[44,22221,2291],{"class":66},[44,22223,343],{"class":62},[44,22225,83],{"class":58},[44,22227,504],{"class":95},[44,22229,854],{"class":58},[44,22231,857],{"class":58},[44,22233,343],{"class":62},[44,22235,11850],{"class":66},[44,22237,343],{"class":62},[44,22239,83],{"class":58},[44,22241,1012],{"class":95},[44,22243,854],{"class":58},[44,22245,857],{"class":58},[44,22247,343],{"class":62},[44,22249,22148],{"class":66},[44,22251,343],{"class":62},[44,22253,83],{"class":58},[44,22255,1017],{"class":95},[44,22257,872],{"class":58},[20,22259,22260,22261,22263],{},"This happens because ",[15,22262,890],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,22265,22267,22268],{"id":22266},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22269,17159],{},[20,22271,22272,22273,72],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22274,17159],{},[35,22276,22278],{"className":37,"code":22277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22279,22280,22332,22336,22356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22281,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22283,233],{"class":50},[44,22285,55],{"class":54},[44,22287,59],{"class":58},[44,22289,63],{"class":62},[44,22291,67],{"class":66},[44,22293,63],{"class":62},[44,22295,72],{"class":58},[44,22297,75],{"class":62},[44,22299,8052],{"class":66},[44,22301,63],{"class":62},[44,22303,83],{"class":58},[44,22305,75],{"class":62},[44,22307,259],{"class":66},[44,22309,63],{"class":62},[44,22311,72],{"class":58},[44,22313,75],{"class":62},[44,22315,296],{"class":66},[44,22317,63],{"class":62},[44,22319,83],{"class":58},[44,22321,75],{"class":62},[44,22323,88],{"class":66},[44,22325,63],{"class":62},[44,22327,72],{"class":58},[44,22329,657],{"class":95},[44,22331,99],{"class":58},[44,22333,22334],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22335,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22337,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22339,6087],{"class":4002},[44,22341,21650],{"class":50},[44,22343,83],{"class":58},[44,22345,21655],{"class":50},[44,22347,4009],{"class":4002},[44,22349,13003],{"class":50},[44,22351,108],{"class":58},[44,22353,7940],{"class":111},[44,22355,21666],{"class":58},[44,22357,22358,22360,22362,22365,22367,22369,22371,22374,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,22359,8200],{"class":153},[44,22361,157],{"class":58},[44,22363,22364],{"class":2182},"f",[44,22366,63],{"class":66},[44,22368,340],{"class":95},[44,22370,1904],{"class":111},[44,22372,22373],{"class":95},"}",[44,22375,22376],{"class":66},": ",[44,22378,340],{"class":95},[44,22380,2590],{"class":111},[44,22382,22373],{"class":95},[44,22384,63],{"class":66},[44,22386,162],{"class":58},[20,22388,22389],{},[3868,22390,330],{},[35,22392,22394],{"className":37,"code":22393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22395,22396,22405,22414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22397,22398,22400,22402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22399,67],{"class":50},[44,22401,72],{"class":58},[44,22403,22404],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22406,22407,22409,22411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22408,259],{"class":50},[44,22410,72],{"class":58},[44,22412,22413],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22415,22416,22418,22420],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22417,88],{"class":50},[44,22419,72],{"class":58},[44,22421,22422],{"class":95}," 14\n",[20,22424,22425],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22427,22429],{"className":37,"code":22428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22430,22431,22483,22487,22499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22432,22433,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22477,22479,22481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22434,233],{"class":50},[44,22436,55],{"class":54},[44,22438,59],{"class":58},[44,22440,63],{"class":62},[44,22442,67],{"class":66},[44,22444,63],{"class":62},[44,22446,72],{"class":58},[44,22448,75],{"class":62},[44,22450,8052],{"class":66},[44,22452,63],{"class":62},[44,22454,83],{"class":58},[44,22456,75],{"class":62},[44,22458,259],{"class":66},[44,22460,63],{"class":62},[44,22462,72],{"class":58},[44,22464,75],{"class":62},[44,22466,296],{"class":66},[44,22468,63],{"class":62},[44,22470,83],{"class":58},[44,22472,75],{"class":62},[44,22474,88],{"class":66},[44,22476,63],{"class":62},[44,22478,72],{"class":58},[44,22480,657],{"class":95},[44,22482,99],{"class":58},[44,22484,22485],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22486,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22488,22489,22491,22493,22495,22497],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22490,6087],{"class":4002},[44,22492,18287],{"class":50},[44,22494,4009],{"class":4002},[44,22496,13003],{"class":50},[44,22498,6523],{"class":58},[44,22500,22501,22503,22505,22507,22509,22511,22513,22515,22517,22519,22521,22523,22525,22527,22529,22531],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,22502,8200],{"class":153},[44,22504,157],{"class":58},[44,22506,22364],{"class":2182},[44,22508,63],{"class":66},[44,22510,340],{"class":95},[44,22512,1904],{"class":111},[44,22514,22373],{"class":95},[44,22516,22376],{"class":66},[44,22518,340],{"class":95},[44,22520,277],{"class":111},[44,22522,4027],{"class":58},[44,22524,1904],{"class":111},[44,22526,13368],{"class":58},[44,22528,22373],{"class":95},[44,22530,63],{"class":66},[44,22532,162],{"class":58},[20,22534,6640,22535,22538],{},[15,22536,22537],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22540,22541,22542,108],{},"For a full guide, see ",[395,22543,22545],{"href":22544},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22547,22549],{"id":22548},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22551,22552],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22554,22556],{"className":37,"code":22555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22557,22558,22617,22621,22641,22645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22559,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22595,22597,22599,22601,22604,22606,22608,22610,22613,22615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22561,13172],{"class":50},[44,22563,55],{"class":54},[44,22565,59],{"class":58},[44,22567,63],{"class":62},[44,22569,4207],{"class":66},[44,22571,63],{"class":62},[44,22573,72],{"class":58},[44,22575,75],{"class":62},[44,22577,13189],{"class":66},[44,22579,63],{"class":62},[44,22581,83],{"class":58},[44,22583,75],{"class":62},[44,22585,4216],{"class":66},[44,22587,63],{"class":62},[44,22589,72],{"class":58},[44,22591,75],{"class":62},[44,22593,22594],{"class":66},"yellow",[44,22596,63],{"class":62},[44,22598,83],{"class":58},[44,22600,75],{"class":62},[44,22602,22603],{"class":66},"grape",[44,22605,63],{"class":62},[44,22607,72],{"class":58},[44,22609,75],{"class":62},[44,22611,22612],{"class":66},"purple",[44,22614,63],{"class":62},[44,22616,99],{"class":58},[44,22618,22619],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22620,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22622,22623,22626,22628,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22624,22625],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22627,55],{"class":54},[44,22629,22630],{"class":1861}," list",[44,22632,157],{"class":58},[44,22634,17581],{"class":111},[44,22636,108],{"class":58},[44,22638,7940],{"class":111},[44,22640,7325],{"class":58},[44,22642,22643],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,22644,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22646,22647,22649,22651,22654],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,22648,154],{"class":153},[44,22650,157],{"class":58},[44,22652,22653],{"class":111},"pairs_list",[44,22655,162],{"class":58},[20,22657,22658],{},[3868,22659,330],{},[35,22661,22663],{"className":37,"code":22662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22664,22665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22666,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707,22709,22711,22713,22715,22717,22719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22668,21811],{"class":58},[44,22670,343],{"class":62},[44,22672,4207],{"class":66},[44,22674,343],{"class":62},[44,22676,83],{"class":58},[44,22678,352],{"class":62},[44,22680,13189],{"class":66},[44,22682,343],{"class":62},[44,22684,854],{"class":58},[44,22686,857],{"class":58},[44,22688,343],{"class":62},[44,22690,4216],{"class":66},[44,22692,343],{"class":62},[44,22694,83],{"class":58},[44,22696,352],{"class":62},[44,22698,22594],{"class":66},[44,22700,343],{"class":62},[44,22702,854],{"class":58},[44,22704,857],{"class":58},[44,22706,343],{"class":62},[44,22708,22603],{"class":66},[44,22710,343],{"class":62},[44,22712,83],{"class":58},[44,22714,352],{"class":62},[44,22716,22612],{"class":66},[44,22718,343],{"class":62},[44,22720,872],{"class":58},[20,22722,22723],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22725,22726],{},"Use this when:",[192,22728,22729,22732,22735],{},[195,22730,22731],{},"You want clearer printed output",[195,22733,22734],{},"You need list behavior",[195,22736,22737],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22739,22741,10698,22743,10698,22745],{"id":22740},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22742,17159],{},[15,22744,17146],{},[15,22746,17152],{},[20,22748,22749],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[192,22751,22752,22757,22762],{},[195,22753,22754,22756],{},[15,22755,17159],{}," gives both key and value",[195,22758,22759,22761],{},[15,22760,17146],{}," gives only keys",[195,22763,22764,22766],{},[15,22765,17152],{}," gives only values",[20,22768,223],{},[35,22770,22772],{"className":37,"code":22771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22773,22774,22810,22814,22832,22850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22775,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22777,51],{"class":50},[44,22779,55],{"class":54},[44,22781,59],{"class":58},[44,22783,63],{"class":62},[44,22785,67],{"class":66},[44,22787,63],{"class":62},[44,22789,72],{"class":58},[44,22791,75],{"class":62},[44,22793,78],{"class":66},[44,22795,63],{"class":62},[44,22797,83],{"class":58},[44,22799,75],{"class":62},[44,22801,88],{"class":66},[44,22803,63],{"class":62},[44,22805,72],{"class":58},[44,22807,1164],{"class":95},[44,22809,99],{"class":58},[44,22811,22812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22813,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,22815,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22817,154],{"class":153},[44,22819,157],{"class":58},[44,22821,1878],{"class":1861},[44,22823,157],{"class":58},[44,22825,105],{"class":111},[44,22827,108],{"class":58},[44,22829,17004],{"class":111},[44,22831,6419],{"class":58},[44,22833,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,22835,154],{"class":153},[44,22837,157],{"class":58},[44,22839,1878],{"class":1861},[44,22841,157],{"class":58},[44,22843,105],{"class":111},[44,22845,108],{"class":58},[44,22847,5488],{"class":111},[44,22849,6419],{"class":58},[44,22851,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,22853,154],{"class":153},[44,22855,157],{"class":58},[44,22857,1878],{"class":1861},[44,22859,157],{"class":58},[44,22861,105],{"class":111},[44,22863,108],{"class":58},[44,22865,7940],{"class":111},[44,22867,6419],{"class":58},[20,22869,22870],{},[3868,22871,330],{},[35,22873,22875],{"className":37,"code":22874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22876,22877,22897,22913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22878,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22880,4027],{"class":58},[44,22882,343],{"class":62},[44,22884,67],{"class":66},[44,22886,343],{"class":62},[44,22888,83],{"class":58},[44,22890,352],{"class":62},[44,22892,88],{"class":66},[44,22894,343],{"class":62},[44,22896,3759],{"class":58},[44,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,22900,4027],{"class":58},[44,22902,343],{"class":62},[44,22904,78],{"class":66},[44,22906,343],{"class":62},[44,22908,83],{"class":58},[44,22910,1164],{"class":95},[44,22912,3759],{"class":58},[44,22914,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,22916,21811],{"class":58},[44,22918,343],{"class":62},[44,22920,67],{"class":66},[44,22922,343],{"class":62},[44,22924,83],{"class":58},[44,22926,352],{"class":62},[44,22928,78],{"class":66},[44,22930,343],{"class":62},[44,22932,854],{"class":58},[44,22934,857],{"class":58},[44,22936,343],{"class":62},[44,22938,88],{"class":66},[44,22940,343],{"class":62},[44,22942,83],{"class":58},[44,22944,1164],{"class":95},[44,22946,872],{"class":58},[20,22948,22949],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[192,22951,22952,22960,22968],{},[195,22953,22954,22955],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[395,22956,22958],{"href":22957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22959,17146],{},[195,22961,22962,22963],{},"Need just values? Use ",[395,22964,22966],{"href":22965},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22967,17152],{},[195,22969,22970,22971],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22972,17159],{},[30,22974,1551,22976],{"id":22975},"when-to-use-items",[15,22977,17159],{},[20,22979,22980,22982],{},[15,22981,17159],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[192,22984,22985,22988,22991,22994,22997],{},[195,22986,22987],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[195,22989,22990],{},"Building formatted output",[195,22992,22993],{},"Looping through settings and values",[195,22995,22996],{},"Showing names with scores",[195,22998,22999],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23001,223],{},[35,23003,23005],{"className":37,"code":23004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23006,23007,23015,23033,23052,23064,23068,23072,23093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23008,23009,23011,23013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23010,601],{"class":50},[44,23012,55],{"class":54},[44,23014,11598],{"class":58},[44,23016,23017,23019,23021,23023,23025,23027,23029,23031],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23018,11603],{"class":62},[44,23020,610],{"class":66},[44,23022,63],{"class":62},[44,23024,72],{"class":58},[44,23026,75],{"class":62},[44,23028,12604],{"class":66},[44,23030,63],{"class":62},[44,23032,11619],{"class":58},[44,23034,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23048,23050],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23036,11603],{"class":62},[44,23038,664],{"class":66},[44,23040,63],{"class":62},[44,23042,72],{"class":58},[44,23044,75],{"class":62},[44,23046,23047],{"class":66},"English",[44,23049,63],{"class":62},[44,23051,11619],{"class":58},[44,23053,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23055,11603],{"class":62},[44,23057,18601],{"class":66},[44,23059,63],{"class":62},[44,23061,72],{"class":58},[44,23063,6552],{"class":1400},[44,23065,23066],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,23067,99],{"class":58},[44,23069,23070],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,23071,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23073,23074,23076,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,23075,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23077,23078],{"class":50}," setting",[44,23080,83],{"class":58},[44,23082,21655],{"class":50},[44,23084,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23086,13959],{"class":50},[44,23088,108],{"class":58},[44,23090,7940],{"class":111},[44,23092,21666],{"class":58},[44,23094,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23108,23110,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,23096,8200],{"class":153},[44,23098,157],{"class":58},[44,23100,22364],{"class":2182},[44,23102,63],{"class":66},[44,23104,340],{"class":95},[44,23106,23107],{"class":111},"setting",[44,23109,22373],{"class":95},[44,23111,23112],{"class":66}," = ",[44,23114,340],{"class":95},[44,23116,2590],{"class":111},[44,23118,22373],{"class":95},[44,23120,63],{"class":66},[44,23122,162],{"class":58},[20,23124,23125],{},[3868,23126,330],{},[35,23128,23130],{"className":37,"code":23129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23131,23132,23142,23152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23133,23134,23137,23139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23135,23136],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,23138,55],{"class":54},[44,23140,23141],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,23143,23144,23147,23149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23145,23146],{"class":50},"language ",[44,23148,55],{"class":54},[44,23150,23151],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,23153,23154,23157,23159],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23155,23156],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,23158,55],{"class":54},[44,23160,6552],{"class":1400},[30,23162,1803],{"id":1802},[20,23164,23165,23166,108],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23167,17159],{},[1960,23169,23171,23172,23174],{"id":23170},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23173,17159],{}," incorrectly",[20,23176,23177,23178,23180,23181,23184],{},"Each result from ",[15,23179,17159],{}," has ",[3868,23182,23183],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23186,6818],{},[35,23188,23189],{"className":37,"code":21601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,23190,23191,23227,23231,23251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23192,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23209,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23194,51],{"class":50},[44,23196,55],{"class":54},[44,23198,59],{"class":58},[44,23200,63],{"class":62},[44,23202,67],{"class":66},[44,23204,63],{"class":62},[44,23206,72],{"class":58},[44,23208,75],{"class":62},[44,23210,78],{"class":66},[44,23212,63],{"class":62},[44,23214,83],{"class":58},[44,23216,75],{"class":62},[44,23218,88],{"class":66},[44,23220,63],{"class":62},[44,23222,72],{"class":58},[44,23224,1164],{"class":95},[44,23226,99],{"class":58},[44,23228,23229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23230,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23232,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23234,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23236,21650],{"class":50},[44,23238,83],{"class":58},[44,23240,21655],{"class":50},[44,23242,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23244,1345],{"class":50},[44,23246,108],{"class":58},[44,23248,7940],{"class":111},[44,23250,21666],{"class":58},[44,23252,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23254,8200],{"class":153},[44,23256,157],{"class":58},[44,23258,1904],{"class":111},[44,23260,83],{"class":58},[44,23262,8564],{"class":111},[44,23264,162],{"class":58},[20,23266,23267],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,23269,23271],{"className":37,"code":23270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23272,23273,23309,23313,23329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23274,23275,23277,23279,23281,23283,23285,23287,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23276,51],{"class":50},[44,23278,55],{"class":54},[44,23280,59],{"class":58},[44,23282,63],{"class":62},[44,23284,67],{"class":66},[44,23286,63],{"class":62},[44,23288,72],{"class":58},[44,23290,75],{"class":62},[44,23292,78],{"class":66},[44,23294,63],{"class":62},[44,23296,83],{"class":58},[44,23298,75],{"class":62},[44,23300,88],{"class":66},[44,23302,63],{"class":62},[44,23304,72],{"class":58},[44,23306,1164],{"class":95},[44,23308,99],{"class":58},[44,23310,23311],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23312,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23314,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23316,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23318,18287],{"class":50},[44,23320,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23322,1345],{"class":50},[44,23324,108],{"class":58},[44,23326,7940],{"class":111},[44,23328,21666],{"class":58},[44,23330,23331,23333,23335,23337],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23332,8200],{"class":153},[44,23334,157],{"class":58},[44,23336,1904],{"class":111},[44,23338,162],{"class":58},[20,23340,23341,23342,23344,23345,23348],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23343,1904],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23346,23347],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23350,23351],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,23353,23355],{"className":37,"code":23354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23356,23357,23373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23358,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23360,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23362,6090],{"class":50},[44,23364,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23366,1345],{"class":50},[44,23368,108],{"class":58},[44,23370,7940],{"class":111},[44,23372,21666],{"class":58},[44,23374,23375,23377,23379,23382],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23376,8200],{"class":153},[44,23378,157],{"class":58},[44,23380,23381],{"class":111},"item",[44,23383,162],{"class":58},[20,23385,23386],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,23388,23390],{"className":37,"code":23389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23391,23392,23412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23393,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23395,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23397,21650],{"class":50},[44,23399,83],{"class":58},[44,23401,21655],{"class":50},[44,23403,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23405,1345],{"class":50},[44,23407,108],{"class":58},[44,23409,7940],{"class":111},[44,23411,21666],{"class":58},[44,23413,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23415,8200],{"class":153},[44,23417,157],{"class":58},[44,23419,1904],{"class":111},[44,23421,83],{"class":58},[44,23423,8564],{"class":111},[44,23425,162],{"class":58},[1960,23427,1821,23429,23431],{"id":23428},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23430,17159],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23433,23434,22046,23436,23438],{},[15,23435,17159],{},[15,23437,21979],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23440,23441],{},"Check it:",[35,23443,23445],{"className":37,"code":23444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23446,23447,23479,23483,23497,23515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23448,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23450,11829],{"class":50},[44,23452,55],{"class":54},[44,23454,59],{"class":58},[44,23456,63],{"class":62},[44,23458,395],{"class":66},[44,23460,63],{"class":62},[44,23462,72],{"class":58},[44,23464,504],{"class":95},[44,23466,83],{"class":58},[44,23468,75],{"class":62},[44,23470,1005],{"class":66},[44,23472,63],{"class":62},[44,23474,72],{"class":58},[44,23476,1012],{"class":95},[44,23478,99],{"class":58},[44,23480,23481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23482,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23484,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23486,154],{"class":153},[44,23488,157],{"class":58},[44,23490,1850],{"class":111},[44,23492,108],{"class":58},[44,23494,7940],{"class":111},[44,23496,7325],{"class":58},[44,23498,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23500,154],{"class":153},[44,23502,157],{"class":58},[44,23504,1862],{"class":1861},[44,23506,157],{"class":58},[44,23508,1850],{"class":111},[44,23510,108],{"class":58},[44,23512,7940],{"class":111},[44,23514,6419],{"class":58},[44,23516,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,23518,154],{"class":153},[44,23520,157],{"class":58},[44,23522,1878],{"class":1861},[44,23524,157],{"class":58},[44,23526,1850],{"class":111},[44,23528,108],{"class":58},[44,23530,7940],{"class":111},[44,23532,6419],{"class":58},[20,23534,23535],{},[3868,23536,330],{},[35,23538,23540],{"className":37,"code":23539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23541,23542,23574,23588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23543,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23545,21979],{"class":111},[44,23547,9773],{"class":58},[44,23549,343],{"class":62},[44,23551,395],{"class":66},[44,23553,343],{"class":62},[44,23555,83],{"class":58},[44,23557,504],{"class":95},[44,23559,854],{"class":58},[44,23561,857],{"class":58},[44,23563,343],{"class":62},[44,23565,1005],{"class":66},[44,23567,343],{"class":62},[44,23569,83],{"class":58},[44,23571,1012],{"class":95},[44,23573,10791],{"class":58},[44,23575,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23577,3411],{"class":54},[44,23579,3414],{"class":2182},[44,23581,352],{"class":62},[44,23583,21979],{"class":66},[44,23585,343],{"class":62},[44,23587,3423],{"class":54},[44,23589,23590,23592,23594,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610,23612,23614,23616],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23591,21811],{"class":58},[44,23593,343],{"class":62},[44,23595,395],{"class":66},[44,23597,343],{"class":62},[44,23599,83],{"class":58},[44,23601,504],{"class":95},[44,23603,854],{"class":58},[44,23605,857],{"class":58},[44,23607,343],{"class":62},[44,23609,1005],{"class":66},[44,23611,343],{"class":62},[44,23613,83],{"class":58},[44,23615,1012],{"class":95},[44,23617,872],{"class":58},[1960,23619,23621,23622],{"id":23620},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23623,17159],{},[20,23625,23626],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23628,23629],{},"Problem example:",[35,23631,23633],{"className":37,"code":23632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23634,23635,23679,23683,23703,23715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23636,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23638,3741],{"class":50},[44,23640,55],{"class":54},[44,23642,59],{"class":58},[44,23644,63],{"class":62},[44,23646,395],{"class":66},[44,23648,63],{"class":62},[44,23650,72],{"class":58},[44,23652,504],{"class":95},[44,23654,83],{"class":58},[44,23656,75],{"class":62},[44,23658,1005],{"class":66},[44,23660,63],{"class":62},[44,23662,72],{"class":58},[44,23664,1012],{"class":95},[44,23666,83],{"class":58},[44,23668,75],{"class":62},[44,23670,9855],{"class":66},[44,23672,63],{"class":62},[44,23674,72],{"class":58},[44,23676,1017],{"class":95},[44,23678,99],{"class":58},[44,23680,23681],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23682,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23684,23685,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23686,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23688,21650],{"class":50},[44,23690,83],{"class":58},[44,23692,21655],{"class":50},[44,23694,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23696,4392],{"class":50},[44,23698,108],{"class":58},[44,23700,7940],{"class":111},[44,23702,21666],{"class":58},[44,23704,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23706,6528],{"class":4002},[44,23708,21655],{"class":50},[44,23710,4820],{"class":54},[44,23712,1012],{"class":95},[44,23714,6523],{"class":58},[44,23716,23717,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,23718,23719],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23721,4027],{"class":58},[44,23723,63],{"class":62},[44,23725,18844],{"class":66},[44,23727,63],{"class":62},[44,23729,13368],{"class":58},[44,23731,13371],{"class":54},[44,23733,23734],{"class":95}," 4\n",[20,23736,23737],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23739,23740],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23742,23744],{"className":37,"code":23743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23745,23746,23790,23794,23819,23831,23849,23853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23747,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786,23788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23749,3741],{"class":50},[44,23751,55],{"class":54},[44,23753,59],{"class":58},[44,23755,63],{"class":62},[44,23757,395],{"class":66},[44,23759,63],{"class":62},[44,23761,72],{"class":58},[44,23763,504],{"class":95},[44,23765,83],{"class":58},[44,23767,75],{"class":62},[44,23769,1005],{"class":66},[44,23771,63],{"class":62},[44,23773,72],{"class":58},[44,23775,1012],{"class":95},[44,23777,83],{"class":58},[44,23779,75],{"class":62},[44,23781,9855],{"class":66},[44,23783,63],{"class":62},[44,23785,72],{"class":58},[44,23787,1017],{"class":95},[44,23789,99],{"class":58},[44,23791,23792],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23793,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23795,23796,23798,23800,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23797,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23799,21650],{"class":50},[44,23801,83],{"class":58},[44,23803,21655],{"class":50},[44,23805,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23807,22630],{"class":1861},[44,23809,157],{"class":58},[44,23811,3773],{"class":111},[44,23813,108],{"class":58},[44,23815,7940],{"class":111},[44,23817,23818],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,23820,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23822,6528],{"class":4002},[44,23824,21655],{"class":50},[44,23826,4820],{"class":54},[44,23828,1012],{"class":95},[44,23830,6523],{"class":58},[44,23832,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,23834,23719],{"class":50},[44,23836,4027],{"class":58},[44,23838,63],{"class":62},[44,23840,18844],{"class":66},[44,23842,63],{"class":62},[44,23844,13368],{"class":58},[44,23846,13371],{"class":54},[44,23848,23734],{"class":95},[44,23850,23851],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,23852,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23854,23855,23857,23859,23861],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,23856,154],{"class":153},[44,23858,157],{"class":58},[44,23860,3773],{"class":111},[44,23862,162],{"class":58},[1960,23864,23866],{"id":23865},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23868,23869],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23871,23873],{"className":37,"code":23872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23874,23875,23907,23911,23927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23876,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23878,489],{"class":50},[44,23880,55],{"class":54},[44,23882,59],{"class":58},[44,23884,63],{"class":62},[44,23886,2291],{"class":66},[44,23888,63],{"class":62},[44,23890,72],{"class":58},[44,23892,528],{"class":95},[44,23894,83],{"class":58},[44,23896,75],{"class":62},[44,23898,11850],{"class":66},[44,23900,63],{"class":62},[44,23902,72],{"class":58},[44,23904,96],{"class":95},[44,23906,99],{"class":58},[44,23908,23909],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23910,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,23912,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,23914,6087],{"class":4002},[44,23916,6090],{"class":50},[44,23918,4009],{"class":4002},[44,23920,14653],{"class":50},[44,23922,108],{"class":58},[44,23924,7940],{"class":111},[44,23926,21666],{"class":58},[44,23928,23929,23931,23933,23935],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,23930,8200],{"class":153},[44,23932,157],{"class":58},[44,23934,23381],{"class":111},[44,23936,162],{"class":58},[20,23938,23939],{},[3868,23940,330],{},[35,23942,23944],{"className":37,"code":23943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23945,23946,23962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23947,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23949,157],{"class":58},[44,23951,343],{"class":62},[44,23953,2291],{"class":66},[44,23955,343],{"class":62},[44,23957,83],{"class":58},[44,23959,528],{"class":95},[44,23961,162],{"class":58},[44,23963,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,23965,157],{"class":58},[44,23967,343],{"class":62},[44,23969,11850],{"class":66},[44,23971,343],{"class":62},[44,23973,83],{"class":58},[44,23975,96],{"class":95},[44,23977,162],{"class":58},[20,23979,23980,23981,23983],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23982,21726],{}," pair.",[30,23985,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,23987,23989,23990,5276],{"id":23988},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23991,17159],{},[20,23993,17500,23994,23996],{},[15,23995,21979],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1960,23998,1963,24000,24002],{"id":23999},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24001,17159],{}," return a list?",[20,24004,24005,24006,24009],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24007,24008],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1960,24011,24013,24014,2610],{"id":24012},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24015,17159],{},[20,24017,24018],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,24020,24022],{"className":37,"code":24021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24023,24024,24044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24025,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24027,6087],{"class":4002},[44,24029,21650],{"class":50},[44,24031,83],{"class":58},[44,24033,21655],{"class":50},[44,24035,4009],{"class":4002},[44,24037,11871],{"class":50},[44,24039,108],{"class":58},[44,24041,7940],{"class":111},[44,24043,21666],{"class":58},[44,24045,24046,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24047,8200],{"class":153},[44,24049,157],{"class":58},[44,24051,1904],{"class":111},[44,24053,83],{"class":58},[44,24055,8564],{"class":111},[44,24057,162],{"class":58},[1960,24059,1963,24061,24063],{"id":24060},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24062,17159],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24065,24066],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,24068,2020],{"id":2019},[192,24070,24071,24077,24083,24088,24092],{},[195,24072,24073],{},[395,24074,10848,24075,10852],{"href":22957},[15,24076,17146],{},[195,24078,24079],{},[395,24080,10848,24081,10852],{"href":22965},[15,24082,17152],{},[195,24084,24085],{},[395,24086,24087],{"href":22544},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[195,24089,24090],{},[395,24091,9285],{"href":13119},[195,24093,24094],{},[395,24095,24096],{"href":21849},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2048,24098,24099],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":24101},[24102,24103,24105,24106,24107,24109,24110,24112,24114,24123,24133],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":21709,"depth":102,"text":24104},"What items() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":22040,"depth":102,"text":22041},{"id":22266,"depth":102,"text":24108},"Looping with items()",{"id":22548,"depth":102,"text":22549},{"id":22740,"depth":102,"text":24111},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22975,"depth":102,"text":24113},"When to use items()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":24115},[24116,24118,24120,24122],{"id":23170,"depth":150,"text":24117},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23428,"depth":150,"text":24119},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23620,"depth":150,"text":24121},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23865,"depth":150,"text":23866},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":24124},[24125,24127,24129,24131],{"id":23988,"depth":150,"text":24126},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23999,"depth":150,"text":24128},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24012,"depth":150,"text":24130},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24060,"depth":150,"text":24132},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21577,"description":24134},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24141,"title":24142,"body":24143,"description":26230,"extension":2080,"meta":26231,"navigation":682,"path":22957,"seo":26232,"stem":26233,"__hash__":26234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24144,"toc":26196},[24145,24150,24156,24159,24170,24177,24179,24262,24266,24313,24318,24323,24328,24330,24346,24348,24447,24451,24508,24511,24513,24516,24609,24613,24676,24679,24695,24699,24701,24703,24718,24720,24731,24733,24776,24778,24821,24824,24826,24833,24836,24853,24855,24948,24952,24993,25005,25009,25012,25100,25104,25124,25127,25154,25161,25166,25170,25181,25183,25287,25291,25317,25320,25387,25392,25395,25418,25423,25427,25432,25438,25443,25445,25500,25504,25531,25538,25544,25547,25572,25578,25604,25607,25682,25689,25694,25696,25735,25753,25757,25760,25803,25806,25808,25827,25829,25834,25859,25862,25932,25935,26008,26012,26014,26075,26078,26094,26096,26101,26106,26113,26122,26128,26134,26141,26147,26151,26156,26158,26193],[10,24146,13,24148,18],{"id":24147},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24149,17146],{},[20,24151,24152,24153,24155],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24154,17146],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24157,24158],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[192,24160,24161,24164,24167],{},[195,24162,24163],{},"view the available keys",[195,24165,24166],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[195,24168,24169],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24171,24172,24174,24175,108],{},[15,24173,17146],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24176,17095],{},[30,24178,33],{"id":32},[35,24180,24182],{"className":37,"code":24181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24183,24184,24220,24234,24238,24248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24185,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24187,233],{"class":50},[44,24189,55],{"class":54},[44,24191,59],{"class":58},[44,24193,63],{"class":62},[44,24195,67],{"class":66},[44,24197,63],{"class":62},[44,24199,72],{"class":58},[44,24201,75],{"class":62},[44,24203,78],{"class":66},[44,24205,63],{"class":62},[44,24207,83],{"class":58},[44,24209,75],{"class":62},[44,24211,88],{"class":66},[44,24213,63],{"class":62},[44,24215,72],{"class":58},[44,24217,96],{"class":95},[44,24219,99],{"class":58},[44,24221,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24223,17323],{"class":50},[44,24225,55],{"class":54},[44,24227,13003],{"class":50},[44,24229,108],{"class":58},[44,24231,17004],{"class":111},[44,24233,1635],{"class":58},[44,24235,24236],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,24237,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,24239,24240,24242,24244,24246],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,24241,154],{"class":153},[44,24243,157],{"class":58},[44,24245,17004],{"class":111},[44,24247,162],{"class":58},[44,24249,24250,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,24251,154],{"class":153},[44,24253,157],{"class":58},[44,24255,1878],{"class":1861},[44,24257,157],{"class":58},[44,24259,17004],{"class":111},[44,24261,1869],{"class":58},[20,24263,24264],{},[3868,24265,330],{},[35,24267,24269],{"className":37,"code":24268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24270,24271,24293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24272,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24274,17095],{"class":111},[44,24276,3105],{"class":58},[44,24278,343],{"class":62},[44,24280,67],{"class":66},[44,24282,343],{"class":62},[44,24284,83],{"class":58},[44,24286,352],{"class":62},[44,24288,88],{"class":66},[44,24290,343],{"class":62},[44,24292,4015],{"class":58},[44,24294,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24296,4027],{"class":58},[44,24298,343],{"class":62},[44,24300,67],{"class":66},[44,24302,343],{"class":62},[44,24304,83],{"class":58},[44,24306,352],{"class":62},[44,24308,88],{"class":66},[44,24310,343],{"class":62},[44,24312,3759],{"class":58},[20,24314,172,24315,24317],{},[15,24316,17146],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,24319,179,24321,182],{"id":24320},"what-keys-does",[15,24322,17146],{},[20,24324,24325,24327],{},[15,24326,17146],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24329,11564],{},[192,24331,24332,24335,24338,24343],{},[195,24333,24334],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[195,24336,24337],{},"It does not need any arguments",[195,24339,17500,24340,24342],{},[15,24341,17095],{}," view object, not a list",[195,24344,24345],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24347,223],{},[35,24349,24351],{"className":37,"code":24350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24352,24353,24389,24393,24407,24411,24433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24354,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363,24365,24367,24369,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24356,51],{"class":50},[44,24358,55],{"class":54},[44,24360,59],{"class":58},[44,24362,63],{"class":62},[44,24364,67],{"class":66},[44,24366,63],{"class":62},[44,24368,72],{"class":58},[44,24370,75],{"class":62},[44,24372,13317],{"class":66},[44,24374,63],{"class":62},[44,24376,83],{"class":58},[44,24378,75],{"class":62},[44,24380,88],{"class":66},[44,24382,63],{"class":62},[44,24384,72],{"class":58},[44,24386,1164],{"class":95},[44,24388,99],{"class":58},[44,24390,24391],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24392,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,24394,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,24396,154],{"class":153},[44,24398,157],{"class":58},[44,24400,105],{"class":111},[44,24402,108],{"class":58},[44,24404,17004],{"class":111},[44,24406,7325],{"class":58},[44,24408,24409],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,24410,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,24412,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,24414,105],{"class":50},[44,24416,4027],{"class":58},[44,24418,63],{"class":62},[44,24420,133],{"class":66},[44,24422,63],{"class":62},[44,24424,13368],{"class":58},[44,24426,13371],{"class":54},[44,24428,75],{"class":62},[44,24430,10530],{"class":66},[44,24432,3479],{"class":62},[44,24434,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,24436,154],{"class":153},[44,24438,157],{"class":58},[44,24440,105],{"class":111},[44,24442,108],{"class":58},[44,24444,17004],{"class":111},[44,24446,7325],{"class":58},[20,24448,24449],{},[3868,24450,330],{},[35,24452,24454],{"className":37,"code":24453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24455,24456,24478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24457,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24459,17095],{"class":111},[44,24461,3105],{"class":58},[44,24463,343],{"class":62},[44,24465,67],{"class":66},[44,24467,343],{"class":62},[44,24469,83],{"class":58},[44,24471,352],{"class":62},[44,24473,88],{"class":66},[44,24475,343],{"class":62},[44,24477,4015],{"class":58},[44,24479,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24481,17095],{"class":111},[44,24483,3105],{"class":58},[44,24485,343],{"class":62},[44,24487,67],{"class":66},[44,24489,343],{"class":62},[44,24491,83],{"class":58},[44,24493,352],{"class":62},[44,24495,88],{"class":66},[44,24497,343],{"class":62},[44,24499,83],{"class":58},[44,24501,352],{"class":62},[44,24503,133],{"class":66},[44,24505,343],{"class":62},[44,24507,4015],{"class":58},[20,24509,24510],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24512,5916],{"id":5915},[20,24514,24515],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24517,24519],{"className":37,"code":24518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24520,24521,24573,24577,24591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24522,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24524,489],{"class":50},[44,24526,55],{"class":54},[44,24528,59],{"class":58},[44,24530,63],{"class":62},[44,24532,67],{"class":66},[44,24534,63],{"class":62},[44,24536,72],{"class":58},[44,24538,75],{"class":62},[44,24540,78],{"class":66},[44,24542,63],{"class":62},[44,24544,83],{"class":58},[44,24546,75],{"class":62},[44,24548,88],{"class":66},[44,24550,63],{"class":62},[44,24552,72],{"class":58},[44,24554,96],{"class":95},[44,24556,83],{"class":58},[44,24558,75],{"class":62},[44,24560,259],{"class":66},[44,24562,63],{"class":62},[44,24564,72],{"class":58},[44,24566,75],{"class":62},[44,24568,296],{"class":66},[44,24570,63],{"class":62},[44,24572,99],{"class":58},[44,24574,24575],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24576,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,24578,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,24580,154],{"class":153},[44,24582,157],{"class":58},[44,24584,511],{"class":111},[44,24586,108],{"class":58},[44,24588,17004],{"class":111},[44,24590,7325],{"class":58},[44,24592,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,24594,154],{"class":153},[44,24596,157],{"class":58},[44,24598,1878],{"class":1861},[44,24600,157],{"class":58},[44,24602,511],{"class":111},[44,24604,108],{"class":58},[44,24606,17004],{"class":111},[44,24608,6419],{"class":58},[20,24610,24611],{},[3868,24612,330],{},[35,24614,24616],{"className":37,"code":24615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24617,24618,24648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24619,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24621,17095],{"class":111},[44,24623,3105],{"class":58},[44,24625,343],{"class":62},[44,24627,67],{"class":66},[44,24629,343],{"class":62},[44,24631,83],{"class":58},[44,24633,352],{"class":62},[44,24635,88],{"class":66},[44,24637,343],{"class":62},[44,24639,83],{"class":58},[44,24641,352],{"class":62},[44,24643,259],{"class":66},[44,24645,343],{"class":62},[44,24647,4015],{"class":58},[44,24649,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672,24674],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24651,4027],{"class":58},[44,24653,343],{"class":62},[44,24655,67],{"class":66},[44,24657,343],{"class":62},[44,24659,83],{"class":58},[44,24661,352],{"class":62},[44,24663,88],{"class":66},[44,24665,343],{"class":62},[44,24667,83],{"class":58},[44,24669,352],{"class":62},[44,24671,259],{"class":66},[44,24673,343],{"class":62},[44,24675,3759],{"class":58},[20,24677,24678],{},"This shows two things:",[192,24680,24681,24689],{},[195,24682,24683,22046,24686,24688],{},[15,24684,24685],{},"data.keys()",[15,24687,17095],{}," object",[195,24690,24691,24694],{},[15,24692,24693],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24696,393,24697,108],{},[395,24698,398],{"href":397},[30,24700,5561],{"id":5560},[20,24702,2277],{},[35,24704,24706],{"className":37,"code":24705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24707,24708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24709,24710,24712,24714,24716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24711,1850],{"class":50},[44,24713,108],{"class":58},[44,24715,17004],{"class":111},[44,24717,1635],{"class":58},[20,24719,21871],{},[192,24721,24722,24725,24728],{},[195,24723,24724],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[195,24726,24727],{},"It takes no parameters",[195,24729,24730],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24732,1436],{},[35,24734,24736],{"className":37,"code":24735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24737,24738,24762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24739,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24741,233],{"class":50},[44,24743,55],{"class":54},[44,24745,59],{"class":58},[44,24747,63],{"class":62},[44,24749,67],{"class":66},[44,24751,63],{"class":62},[44,24753,72],{"class":58},[44,24755,75],{"class":62},[44,24757,78],{"class":66},[44,24759,63],{"class":62},[44,24761,99],{"class":58},[44,24763,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772,24774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24765,154],{"class":153},[44,24767,157],{"class":58},[44,24769,277],{"class":111},[44,24771,108],{"class":58},[44,24773,17004],{"class":111},[44,24775,7325],{"class":58},[20,24777,1306],{},[35,24779,24781],{"className":37,"code":24780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24782,24783,24807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24784,24785,24787,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24786,233],{"class":50},[44,24788,55],{"class":54},[44,24790,59],{"class":58},[44,24792,63],{"class":62},[44,24794,67],{"class":66},[44,24796,63],{"class":62},[44,24798,72],{"class":58},[44,24800,75],{"class":62},[44,24802,78],{"class":66},[44,24804,63],{"class":62},[44,24806,99],{"class":58},[44,24808,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24810,154],{"class":153},[44,24812,157],{"class":58},[44,24814,277],{"class":111},[44,24816,108],{"class":58},[44,24818,17004],{"class":1923},[44,24820,162],{"class":58},[20,24822,24823],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24825,1293],{"id":1292},[20,24827,24828,22046,24830,24832],{},[15,24829,17146],{},[15,24831,17095],{}," object.",[20,24834,24835],{},"This object:",[192,24837,24838,24841,24844,24850],{},[195,24839,24840],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[195,24842,24843],{},"can be used in a loop",[195,24845,24846,24847],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24848,24849],{},"list()",[195,24851,24852],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24854,223],{},[35,24856,24858],{"className":37,"code":24857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24859,24860,24901,24905,24920,24924,24934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24861,24862,24865,24867,24869,24871,24874,24876,24878,24880,24883,24885,24887,24889,24892,24894,24896,24899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24863,24864],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24866,55],{"class":54},[44,24868,59],{"class":58},[44,24870,63],{"class":62},[44,24872,24873],{"class":66},"brand",[44,24875,63],{"class":62},[44,24877,72],{"class":58},[44,24879,75],{"class":62},[44,24881,24882],{"class":66},"Toyota",[44,24884,63],{"class":62},[44,24886,83],{"class":58},[44,24888,75],{"class":62},[44,24890,24891],{"class":66},"year",[44,24893,63],{"class":62},[44,24895,72],{"class":58},[44,24897,24898],{"class":95}," 2020",[44,24900,99],{"class":58},[44,24902,24903],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24904,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,24906,24907,24909,24911,24914,24916,24918],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,24908,1340],{"class":50},[44,24910,55],{"class":54},[44,24912,24913],{"class":50}," car",[44,24915,108],{"class":58},[44,24917,17004],{"class":111},[44,24919,1635],{"class":58},[44,24921,24922],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,24923,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,24925,24926,24928,24930,24932],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,24927,154],{"class":153},[44,24929,157],{"class":58},[44,24931,1376],{"class":111},[44,24933,162],{"class":58},[44,24935,24936,24938,24940,24942,24944,24946],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,24937,154],{"class":153},[44,24939,157],{"class":58},[44,24941,1862],{"class":1861},[44,24943,157],{"class":58},[44,24945,1376],{"class":111},[44,24947,1869],{"class":58},[20,24949,24950],{},[3868,24951,330],{},[35,24953,24955],{"className":37,"code":24954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24956,24957,24979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24958,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967,24969,24971,24973,24975,24977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24960,17095],{"class":111},[44,24962,3105],{"class":58},[44,24964,343],{"class":62},[44,24966,24873],{"class":66},[44,24968,343],{"class":62},[44,24970,83],{"class":58},[44,24972,352],{"class":62},[44,24974,24891],{"class":66},[44,24976,343],{"class":62},[44,24978,4015],{"class":58},[44,24980,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,24982,3411],{"class":54},[44,24984,3414],{"class":2182},[44,24986,352],{"class":62},[44,24988,17095],{"class":66},[44,24990,343],{"class":62},[44,24992,3423],{"class":54},[20,24994,24995,24996,25000,25001,108],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[395,24997,10848,24998,10852],{"href":17149},[15,24999,17152],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[395,25002,10848,25003,10852],{"href":17156},[15,25004,17159],{},[30,25006,25008],{"id":25007},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25010,25011],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,25013,25015],{"className":37,"code":25014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25016,25017,25070,25074,25090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25018,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25066,25068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25020,233],{"class":50},[44,25022,55],{"class":54},[44,25024,59],{"class":58},[44,25026,63],{"class":62},[44,25028,67],{"class":66},[44,25030,63],{"class":62},[44,25032,72],{"class":58},[44,25034,75],{"class":62},[44,25036,78],{"class":66},[44,25038,63],{"class":62},[44,25040,83],{"class":58},[44,25042,75],{"class":62},[44,25044,88],{"class":66},[44,25046,63],{"class":62},[44,25048,72],{"class":58},[44,25050,96],{"class":95},[44,25052,83],{"class":58},[44,25054,75],{"class":62},[44,25056,15414],{"class":66},[44,25058,63],{"class":62},[44,25060,72],{"class":58},[44,25062,75],{"class":62},[44,25064,25065],{"class":66},"Math",[44,25067,63],{"class":62},[44,25069,99],{"class":58},[44,25071,25072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25073,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,25075,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25077,6087],{"class":4002},[44,25079,18287],{"class":50},[44,25081,4009],{"class":4002},[44,25083,13003],{"class":50},[44,25085,108],{"class":58},[44,25087,17004],{"class":111},[44,25089,21666],{"class":58},[44,25091,25092,25094,25096,25098],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,25093,8200],{"class":153},[44,25095,157],{"class":58},[44,25097,1904],{"class":111},[44,25099,162],{"class":58},[20,25101,25102],{},[3868,25103,330],{},[35,25105,25107],{"className":37,"code":25106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25108,25109,25114,25119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25110,25111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25112,25113],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,25115,25116],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25117,25118],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,25120,25121],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25122,25123],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,25125,25126],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,25128,25130],{"className":37,"code":25129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25131,25132,25144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25133,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25135,6087],{"class":4002},[44,25137,18287],{"class":50},[44,25139,4009],{"class":4002},[44,25141,13003],{"class":50},[44,25143,6523],{"class":58},[44,25145,25146,25148,25150,25152],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25147,8200],{"class":153},[44,25149,157],{"class":58},[44,25151,1904],{"class":111},[44,25153,162],{"class":58},[20,25155,25156,25157,25160],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25158,25159],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,25162,1551,25164],{"id":25163},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25165,17146],{},[20,25167,172,25168,1558],{},[15,25169,17146],{},[192,25171,25172,25175,25178],{},[195,25173,25174],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[195,25176,25177],{},"you want to display available fields",[195,25179,25180],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25182,223],{},[35,25184,25186],{"className":37,"code":25185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25187,25188,25241,25245,25260,25277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25189,25190,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25210,25212,25214,25216,25219,25221,25223,25226,25228,25230,25233,25235,25237,25239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25191,25192],{"class":50},"product ",[44,25194,55],{"class":54},[44,25196,59],{"class":58},[44,25198,63],{"class":62},[44,25200,67],{"class":66},[44,25202,63],{"class":62},[44,25204,72],{"class":58},[44,25206,75],{"class":62},[44,25208,25209],{"class":66},"Book",[44,25211,63],{"class":62},[44,25213,83],{"class":58},[44,25215,75],{"class":62},[44,25217,25218],{"class":66},"price",[44,25220,63],{"class":62},[44,25222,72],{"class":58},[44,25224,25225],{"class":95}," 12.99",[44,25227,83],{"class":58},[44,25229,75],{"class":62},[44,25231,25232],{"class":66},"stock",[44,25234,63],{"class":62},[44,25236,72],{"class":58},[44,25238,4736],{"class":95},[44,25240,99],{"class":58},[44,25242,25243],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25244,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,25246,25247,25249,25251,25253,25256,25258],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25248,154],{"class":153},[44,25250,157],{"class":58},[44,25252,63],{"class":62},[44,25254,25255],{"class":66},"Available fields:",[44,25257,63],{"class":62},[44,25259,162],{"class":58},[44,25261,25262,25264,25266,25268,25271,25273,25275],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,25263,6087],{"class":4002},[44,25265,18287],{"class":50},[44,25267,4009],{"class":4002},[44,25269,25270],{"class":50}," product",[44,25272,108],{"class":58},[44,25274,17004],{"class":111},[44,25276,21666],{"class":58},[44,25278,25279,25281,25283,25285],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,25280,8200],{"class":153},[44,25282,157],{"class":58},[44,25284,1904],{"class":111},[44,25286,162],{"class":58},[20,25288,25289],{},[3868,25290,330],{},[35,25292,25294],{"className":37,"code":25293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25295,25296,25303,25307,25312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25297,25298,25301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25299,25300],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,25302,6523],{"class":58},[44,25304,25305],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25306,25113],{"class":50},[44,25308,25309],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25310,25311],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,25313,25314],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,25315,25316],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,25318,25319],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,25321,25323],{"className":37,"code":25322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25324,25325,25361,25365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25326,25327,25329,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25328,25192],{"class":50},[44,25330,55],{"class":54},[44,25332,59],{"class":58},[44,25334,63],{"class":62},[44,25336,67],{"class":66},[44,25338,63],{"class":62},[44,25340,72],{"class":58},[44,25342,75],{"class":62},[44,25344,25209],{"class":66},[44,25346,63],{"class":62},[44,25348,83],{"class":58},[44,25350,75],{"class":62},[44,25352,25218],{"class":66},[44,25354,63],{"class":62},[44,25356,72],{"class":58},[44,25358,25225],{"class":95},[44,25360,99],{"class":58},[44,25362,25363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25364,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,25366,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25368,154],{"class":153},[44,25370,157],{"class":58},[44,25372,63],{"class":62},[44,25374,67],{"class":66},[44,25376,63],{"class":62},[44,25378,21245],{"class":4002},[44,25380,25270],{"class":111},[44,25382,108],{"class":58},[44,25384,17004],{"class":111},[44,25386,7325],{"class":58},[20,25388,25389,25390,108],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25391,3726],{},[20,25393,25394],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,25396,25398],{"className":37,"code":25397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25399,25400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25401,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412,25414,25416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25403,154],{"class":153},[44,25405,157],{"class":58},[44,25407,63],{"class":62},[44,25409,67],{"class":66},[44,25411,63],{"class":62},[44,25413,21245],{"class":4002},[44,25415,25270],{"class":111},[44,25417,162],{"class":58},[20,25419,25420,25421,108],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[395,25422,21278],{"href":17234},[30,25424,25426],{"id":25425},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25428,25429,25430,108],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25431,17146],{},[1960,25433,1821,25435,25437],{"id":25434},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25436,17146],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25439,25440,25442],{},[15,25441,17146],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25444,223],{},[35,25446,25448],{"className":37,"code":25447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25449,25450,25486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25451,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25453,489],{"class":50},[44,25455,55],{"class":54},[44,25457,59],{"class":58},[44,25459,63],{"class":62},[44,25461,67],{"class":66},[44,25463,63],{"class":62},[44,25465,72],{"class":58},[44,25467,75],{"class":62},[44,25469,78],{"class":66},[44,25471,63],{"class":62},[44,25473,83],{"class":58},[44,25475,75],{"class":62},[44,25477,88],{"class":66},[44,25479,63],{"class":62},[44,25481,72],{"class":58},[44,25483,96],{"class":95},[44,25485,99],{"class":58},[44,25487,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25489,154],{"class":153},[44,25491,157],{"class":58},[44,25493,511],{"class":111},[44,25495,108],{"class":58},[44,25497,17004],{"class":111},[44,25499,7325],{"class":58},[20,25501,25502],{},[3868,25503,330],{},[35,25505,25507],{"className":37,"code":25506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25508,25509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25510,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25512,17095],{"class":111},[44,25514,3105],{"class":58},[44,25516,343],{"class":62},[44,25518,67],{"class":66},[44,25520,343],{"class":62},[44,25522,83],{"class":58},[44,25524,352],{"class":62},[44,25526,88],{"class":66},[44,25528,343],{"class":62},[44,25530,4015],{"class":58},[20,25532,25533,25534,108],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[395,25535,25536],{"href":17156},[15,25537,17159],{},[1960,25539,25541,25542],{"id":25540},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25543,17095],{},[20,25545,25546],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25548,25550],{"className":37,"code":25549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25551,25552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25553,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564,25566,25568,25570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25555,4027],{"class":58},[44,25557,343],{"class":62},[44,25559,67],{"class":66},[44,25561,343],{"class":62},[44,25563,83],{"class":58},[44,25565,352],{"class":62},[44,25567,88],{"class":66},[44,25569,343],{"class":62},[44,25571,3759],{"class":58},[20,25573,25574,25575,25577],{},"But ",[15,25576,17146],{}," returns:",[35,25579,25580],{"className":37,"code":25506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25581,25582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25583,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25585,17095],{"class":111},[44,25587,3105],{"class":58},[44,25589,343],{"class":62},[44,25591,67],{"class":66},[44,25593,343],{"class":62},[44,25595,83],{"class":58},[44,25597,352],{"class":62},[44,25599,88],{"class":66},[44,25601,343],{"class":62},[44,25603,4015],{"class":58},[20,25605,25606],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25608,25610],{"className":37,"code":25609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25611,25612,25648,25667,25671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25613,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25615,489],{"class":50},[44,25617,55],{"class":54},[44,25619,59],{"class":58},[44,25621,63],{"class":62},[44,25623,67],{"class":66},[44,25625,63],{"class":62},[44,25627,72],{"class":58},[44,25629,75],{"class":62},[44,25631,78],{"class":66},[44,25633,63],{"class":62},[44,25635,83],{"class":58},[44,25637,75],{"class":62},[44,25639,88],{"class":66},[44,25641,63],{"class":62},[44,25643,72],{"class":58},[44,25645,96],{"class":95},[44,25647,99],{"class":58},[44,25649,25650,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25651,25652],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,25654,55],{"class":54},[44,25656,22630],{"class":1861},[44,25658,157],{"class":58},[44,25660,511],{"class":111},[44,25662,108],{"class":58},[44,25664,17004],{"class":111},[44,25666,7325],{"class":58},[44,25668,25669],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25670,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,25672,25673,25675,25677,25680],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,25674,154],{"class":153},[44,25676,157],{"class":58},[44,25678,25679],{"class":111},"key_list",[44,25681,162],{"class":58},[1960,25683,25685,25686,25688],{"id":25684},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25687,17146],{}," on a list or string",[20,25690,25691,25693],{},[15,25692,17146],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25695,2955],{},[35,25697,25699],{"className":37,"code":25698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25700,25701,25721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25702,25703,25705,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25704,3741],{"class":50},[44,25706,55],{"class":54},[44,25708,3746],{"class":58},[44,25710,3108],{"class":95},[44,25712,83],{"class":58},[44,25714,1012],{"class":95},[44,25716,83],{"class":58},[44,25718,1017],{"class":95},[44,25720,3759],{"class":58},[44,25722,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25724,154],{"class":153},[44,25726,157],{"class":58},[44,25728,3773],{"class":111},[44,25730,108],{"class":58},[44,25732,17004],{"class":111},[44,25734,7325],{"class":58},[20,25736,25737,25738,25741,25742,25744,25745,108],{},"You may get an ",[15,25739,25740],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25743,17146],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[395,25746,25748,25749,25752],{"href":25747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25750,25751],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1960,25754,25756],{"id":25755},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25758,25759],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25761,25763],{"className":37,"code":25762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25764,25765,25789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25766,25767,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785,25787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25768,489],{"class":50},[44,25770,55],{"class":54},[44,25772,59],{"class":58},[44,25774,63],{"class":62},[44,25776,67],{"class":66},[44,25778,63],{"class":62},[44,25780,72],{"class":58},[44,25782,75],{"class":62},[44,25784,78],{"class":66},[44,25786,63],{"class":62},[44,25788,99],{"class":58},[44,25790,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25792,154],{"class":153},[44,25794,157],{"class":58},[44,25796,511],{"class":111},[44,25798,108],{"class":58},[44,25800,17004],{"class":1923},[44,25802,162],{"class":58},[20,25804,25805],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25807,18771],{},[35,25809,25811],{"className":37,"code":25810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25812,25813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25814,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25816,154],{"class":153},[44,25818,157],{"class":58},[44,25820,511],{"class":111},[44,25822,108],{"class":58},[44,25824,17004],{"class":111},[44,25826,7325],{"class":58},[30,25828,1803],{"id":1802},[20,25830,25831,25832,72],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25833,17146],{},[192,25835,25836,25841,25847,25853],{},[195,25837,567,25838,25840],{},[15,25839,17146],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[195,25842,25843,25844,25846],{},"Thinking ",[15,25845,17146],{}," returns values too",[195,25848,25849,25850,25852],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25851,17095],{}," like a normal list",[195,25854,25855,25856,25858],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25857,17095],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25860,25861],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25863,25865],{"className":37,"code":25864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25866,25867,25899,25913,25917,25927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25868,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25870,489],{"class":50},[44,25872,55],{"class":54},[44,25874,59],{"class":58},[44,25876,63],{"class":62},[44,25878,395],{"class":66},[44,25880,63],{"class":62},[44,25882,72],{"class":58},[44,25884,504],{"class":95},[44,25886,83],{"class":58},[44,25888,75],{"class":62},[44,25890,1005],{"class":66},[44,25892,63],{"class":62},[44,25894,72],{"class":58},[44,25896,1012],{"class":95},[44,25898,99],{"class":58},[44,25900,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25902,17323],{"class":50},[44,25904,55],{"class":54},[44,25906,14653],{"class":50},[44,25908,108],{"class":58},[44,25910,17004],{"class":111},[44,25912,1635],{"class":58},[44,25914,25915],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25916,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,25918,25919,25921,25923,25925],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,25920,154],{"class":153},[44,25922,157],{"class":58},[44,25924,17004],{"class":111},[44,25926,162],{"class":58},[44,25928,25929],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,25930,25931],{"class":168},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25933,25934],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25936,25938],{"className":37,"code":25937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25939,25940,25972,25990,25994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25941,25942,25944,25946,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25943,489],{"class":50},[44,25945,55],{"class":54},[44,25947,59],{"class":58},[44,25949,63],{"class":62},[44,25951,395],{"class":66},[44,25953,63],{"class":62},[44,25955,72],{"class":58},[44,25957,504],{"class":95},[44,25959,83],{"class":58},[44,25961,75],{"class":62},[44,25963,1005],{"class":66},[44,25965,63],{"class":62},[44,25967,72],{"class":58},[44,25969,1012],{"class":95},[44,25971,99],{"class":58},[44,25973,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,25975,17323],{"class":50},[44,25977,55],{"class":54},[44,25979,22630],{"class":1861},[44,25981,157],{"class":58},[44,25983,511],{"class":111},[44,25985,108],{"class":58},[44,25987,17004],{"class":111},[44,25989,7325],{"class":58},[44,25991,25992],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,25993,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,25995,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,25997,154],{"class":153},[44,25999,157],{"class":58},[44,26001,17004],{"class":111},[44,26003,4027],{"class":58},[44,26005,2237],{"class":95},[44,26007,4015],{"class":58},[30,26009,26011],{"id":26010},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26013,11222],{},[35,26015,26017],{"className":37,"code":26016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26018,26019,26033,26043,26057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26020,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26022,154],{"class":153},[44,26024,157],{"class":58},[44,26026,1862],{"class":1861},[44,26028,157],{"class":58},[44,26030,1850],{"class":111},[44,26032,1869],{"class":58},[44,26034,26035,26037,26039,26041],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26036,154],{"class":153},[44,26038,157],{"class":58},[44,26040,1850],{"class":111},[44,26042,162],{"class":58},[44,26044,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,26046,154],{"class":153},[44,26048,157],{"class":58},[44,26050,1850],{"class":111},[44,26052,108],{"class":58},[44,26054,17004],{"class":111},[44,26056,7325],{"class":58},[44,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,26060,154],{"class":153},[44,26062,157],{"class":58},[44,26064,1878],{"class":1861},[44,26066,157],{"class":58},[44,26068,1850],{"class":111},[44,26070,108],{"class":58},[44,26072,17004],{"class":111},[44,26074,6419],{"class":58},[20,26076,26077],{},"These help you confirm:",[192,26079,26080,26083,26086,26091],{},[195,26081,26082],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[195,26084,26085],{},"what data it contains",[195,26087,26088,26089,11810],{},"what ",[15,26090,17146],{},[195,26092,26093],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,26095,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,26097,23989,26099,5276],{"id":26098},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26100,17146],{},[20,26102,17500,26103,26105],{},[15,26104,17095],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1960,26107,14989,26109,26112],{"id":26108},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26110,26111],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26114,26115,26116,26118,26119,108],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26117,17095],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26120,26121],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1960,26123,26125,26126,2610],{"id":26124},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26127,26111],{},[20,26129,26130,26131,26133],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26132,6087],{}," loop.",[1960,26135,26137,26138,26140],{"id":26136},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26139,17146],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26142,26143,26144,26146],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26145,17146],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1960,26148,26150],{"id":26149},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26152,172,26153,108],{},[15,26154,26155],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,26157,2020],{"id":2019},[192,26159,26160,26164,26170,26176,26182,26186],{},[195,26161,26162],{},[395,26163,2027],{"href":397},[195,26165,26166],{},[395,26167,10848,26168,10852],{"href":17149},[15,26169,17152],{},[195,26171,26172],{},[395,26173,10848,26174,10852],{"href":17156},[15,26175,17159],{},[195,26177,26178],{},[395,26179,26181],{"href":26180},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[195,26183,26184],{},[395,26185,17235],{"href":17234},[195,26187,26188],{},[395,26189,26190,26191,25752],{"href":25747},"How to fix ",[15,26192,25751],{},[2048,26194,26195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":26197},[26198,26199,26201,26202,26203,26204,26205,26207,26216,26217,26218,26229],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":24320,"depth":102,"text":26200},"What keys() does",{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":5560,"depth":102,"text":5561},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":25007,"depth":102,"text":25008},{"id":25163,"depth":102,"text":26206},"When to use keys()",{"id":25425,"depth":102,"text":25426,"children":26208},[26209,26211,26213,26215],{"id":25434,"depth":150,"text":26210},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25540,"depth":150,"text":26212},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25684,"depth":150,"text":26214},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25755,"depth":150,"text":25756},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":26010,"depth":102,"text":26011},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":26219},[26220,26222,26224,26226,26228],{"id":26098,"depth":150,"text":26221},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26108,"depth":150,"text":26223},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26124,"depth":150,"text":26225},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26136,"depth":150,"text":26227},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26149,"depth":150,"text":26150},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24142,"description":26230},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26236,"title":26237,"body":26238,"description":28510,"extension":2080,"meta":28511,"navigation":682,"path":28512,"seo":28513,"stem":28514,"__hash__":28515},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26239,"toc":28463},[26240,26245,26250,26253,26255,26401,26414,26419,26423,26437,26439,26542,26551,26553,26556,26594,26619,26621,26728,26730,26737,26740,26748,26750,26891,26899,26904,26908,26919,26921,27083,27086,27094,27101,27107,27204,27210,27287,27290,27302,27307,27313,27316,27320,27409,27412,27416,27520,27527,27614,27623,27625,27630,27636,27639,27685,27688,27754,27763,27769,27862,27868,27874,27917,27920,27985,27991,28083,28086,28090,28096,28121,28124,28220,28227,28229,28234,28325,28327,28355,28360,28362,28369,28372,28376,28386,28391,28394,28400,28410,28417,28425,28427,28460],[10,26241,13,26243,18],{"id":26242},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26244,12861],{},[20,26246,26247,26249],{},[15,26248,12670],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26251,26252],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,26254,3731],{"id":3730},[35,26256,26258],{"className":37,"code":26257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26259,26260,26296,26320,26334,26347,26351,26356,26388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26261,26262,26264,26266,26268,26270,26272,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26263,51],{"class":50},[44,26265,55],{"class":54},[44,26267,59],{"class":58},[44,26269,63],{"class":62},[44,26271,67],{"class":66},[44,26273,63],{"class":62},[44,26275,72],{"class":58},[44,26277,75],{"class":62},[44,26279,78],{"class":66},[44,26281,63],{"class":62},[44,26283,83],{"class":58},[44,26285,75],{"class":62},[44,26287,88],{"class":66},[44,26289,63],{"class":62},[44,26291,72],{"class":58},[44,26293,1164],{"class":95},[44,26295,99],{"class":58},[44,26297,26298,26301,26303,26305,26307,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26299,26300],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,26302,55],{"class":54},[44,26304,1345],{"class":50},[44,26306,108],{"class":58},[44,26308,26309],{"class":111},"pop",[44,26311,157],{"class":58},[44,26313,63],{"class":62},[44,26315,88],{"class":66},[44,26317,63],{"class":62},[44,26319,162],{"class":58},[44,26321,26322,26324,26326,26329,26331],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,26323,154],{"class":153},[44,26325,157],{"class":58},[44,26327,26328],{"class":111},"removed_age",[44,26330,3786],{"class":58},[44,26332,26333],{"class":168},"   # 25\n",[44,26335,26336,26338,26340,26342,26344],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,26337,154],{"class":153},[44,26339,157],{"class":58},[44,26341,105],{"class":111},[44,26343,3786],{"class":58},[44,26345,26346],{"class":168},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,26348,26349],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,26350,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26352,26353],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,26354,26355],{"class":168},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,26357,26358,26361,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26384,26386],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,26359,26360],{"class":50},"country ",[44,26362,55],{"class":54},[44,26364,1345],{"class":50},[44,26366,108],{"class":58},[44,26368,26309],{"class":111},[44,26370,157],{"class":58},[44,26372,63],{"class":62},[44,26374,15347],{"class":66},[44,26376,63],{"class":62},[44,26378,83],{"class":58},[44,26380,75],{"class":62},[44,26382,26383],{"class":66},"Not found",[44,26385,63],{"class":62},[44,26387,162],{"class":58},[44,26389,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,26391,154],{"class":153},[44,26393,157],{"class":58},[44,26395,15347],{"class":111},[44,26397,3786],{"class":58},[44,26399,26400],{"class":168},"       # Not found\n",[20,26402,172,26403,26406,26407,26410,26411,26413],{},[15,26404,26405],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26408,26409],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26412,19764],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,26415,179,26417,182],{"id":26416},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26418,12670],{},[20,26420,26421,72],{},[15,26422,12670],{},[192,26424,26425,26428,26431,26434],{},[195,26426,26427],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[195,26429,26430],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[195,26432,26433],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[195,26435,26436],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26438,223],{},[35,26440,26442],{"className":37,"code":26441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26443,26444,26484,26488,26511,26515,26529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26445,26446,26448,26450,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26447,1061],{"class":50},[44,26449,55],{"class":54},[44,26451,59],{"class":58},[44,26453,63],{"class":62},[44,26455,67],{"class":66},[44,26457,63],{"class":62},[44,26459,72],{"class":58},[44,26461,75],{"class":62},[44,26463,13317],{"class":66},[44,26465,63],{"class":62},[44,26467,83],{"class":58},[44,26469,75],{"class":62},[44,26471,133],{"class":66},[44,26473,63],{"class":62},[44,26475,72],{"class":58},[44,26477,75],{"class":62},[44,26479,10530],{"class":66},[44,26481,63],{"class":62},[44,26483,99],{"class":58},[44,26485,26486],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26487,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26489,26490,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,26491,26492],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,26494,55],{"class":54},[44,26496,11676],{"class":50},[44,26498,108],{"class":58},[44,26500,26309],{"class":111},[44,26502,157],{"class":58},[44,26504,63],{"class":62},[44,26506,133],{"class":66},[44,26508,63],{"class":62},[44,26510,162],{"class":58},[44,26512,26513],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,26514,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26516,26517,26519,26521,26524,26526],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,26518,154],{"class":153},[44,26520,157],{"class":58},[44,26522,26523],{"class":111},"removed_city",[44,26525,3786],{"class":58},[44,26527,26528],{"class":168},"  # Paris\n",[44,26530,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,26532,154],{"class":153},[44,26534,157],{"class":58},[44,26536,1087],{"class":111},[44,26538,3786],{"class":58},[44,26540,26541],{"class":168},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26543,20843,26544,26547,26548,108],{},[15,26545,26546],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26549,26550],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,26552,402],{"id":401},[20,26554,26555],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,26557,26559],{"className":37,"code":26558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26560,26561,26575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26562,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26564,1850],{"class":50},[44,26566,108],{"class":58},[44,26568,26309],{"class":111},[44,26570,157],{"class":58},[44,26572,1904],{"class":111},[44,26574,162],{"class":58},[44,26576,26577,26579,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26592],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26578,1850],{"class":50},[44,26580,108],{"class":58},[44,26582,26309],{"class":111},[44,26584,157],{"class":58},[44,26586,1904],{"class":111},[44,26588,83],{"class":58},[44,26590,26591],{"class":111}," default",[44,26593,162],{"class":58},[192,26595,26596,26602,26610,26616],{},[195,26597,26598,26601],{},[15,26599,26600],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[195,26603,26604,26606,26607,26609],{},[15,26605,26600],{}," raises ",[15,26608,19764],{}," if the key is missing",[195,26611,26612,26615],{},[15,26613,26614],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[195,26617,26618],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26620,223],{},[35,26622,26624],{"className":37,"code":26623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26625,26626,26658,26662,26687,26715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26627,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26629,811],{"class":50},[44,26631,55],{"class":54},[44,26633,59],{"class":58},[44,26635,63],{"class":62},[44,26637,820],{"class":66},[44,26639,63],{"class":62},[44,26641,72],{"class":58},[44,26643,827],{"class":95},[44,26645,83],{"class":58},[44,26647,75],{"class":62},[44,26649,844],{"class":66},[44,26651,63],{"class":62},[44,26653,72],{"class":58},[44,26655,851],{"class":95},[44,26657,99],{"class":58},[44,26659,26660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26661,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26663,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,26665,154],{"class":153},[44,26667,157],{"class":58},[44,26669,881],{"class":111},[44,26671,108],{"class":58},[44,26673,26309],{"class":111},[44,26675,157],{"class":58},[44,26677,63],{"class":62},[44,26679,820],{"class":66},[44,26681,63],{"class":62},[44,26683,5491],{"class":58},[44,26685,26686],{"class":168},"         # 90\n",[44,26688,26689,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,26690,154],{"class":153},[44,26692,157],{"class":58},[44,26694,881],{"class":111},[44,26696,108],{"class":58},[44,26698,26309],{"class":111},[44,26700,157],{"class":58},[44,26702,63],{"class":62},[44,26704,18511],{"class":66},[44,26706,63],{"class":62},[44,26708,83],{"class":58},[44,26710,3959],{"class":95},[44,26712,5491],{"class":58},[44,26714,20840],{"class":168},[44,26716,26717,26719,26721,26723,26725],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,26718,154],{"class":153},[44,26720,157],{"class":58},[44,26722,881],{"class":111},[44,26724,3786],{"class":58},[44,26726,26727],{"class":168},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26729,1293],{"id":1292},[20,26731,26732,14140,26734,26736],{},[15,26733,12861],{},[3868,26735,4762],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26738,26739],{},"Instead, it returns:",[192,26741,26742,26745],{},[195,26743,26744],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[195,26746,26747],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26749,223],{},[35,26751,26753],{"className":37,"code":26752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26754,26755,26787,26791,26814,26846,26850,26864,26878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26756,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26758,489],{"class":50},[44,26760,55],{"class":54},[44,26762,59],{"class":58},[44,26764,63],{"class":62},[44,26766,395],{"class":66},[44,26768,63],{"class":62},[44,26770,72],{"class":58},[44,26772,528],{"class":95},[44,26774,83],{"class":58},[44,26776,75],{"class":62},[44,26778,1005],{"class":66},[44,26780,63],{"class":62},[44,26782,72],{"class":58},[44,26784,96],{"class":95},[44,26786,99],{"class":58},[44,26788,26789],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26790,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26792,26793,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,26794,26795],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26797,55],{"class":54},[44,26799,14653],{"class":50},[44,26801,108],{"class":58},[44,26803,26309],{"class":111},[44,26805,157],{"class":58},[44,26807,63],{"class":62},[44,26809,395],{"class":66},[44,26811,63],{"class":62},[44,26813,162],{"class":58},[44,26815,26816,26819,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26842,26844],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,26817,26818],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26820,55],{"class":54},[44,26822,14653],{"class":50},[44,26824,108],{"class":58},[44,26826,26309],{"class":111},[44,26828,157],{"class":58},[44,26830,63],{"class":62},[44,26832,9855],{"class":66},[44,26834,63],{"class":62},[44,26836,83],{"class":58},[44,26838,75],{"class":62},[44,26840,26841],{"class":66},"missing",[44,26843,63],{"class":62},[44,26845,162],{"class":58},[44,26847,26848],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,26849,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26851,26852,26854,26856,26859,26861],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,26853,154],{"class":153},[44,26855,157],{"class":58},[44,26857,26858],{"class":111},"result1",[44,26860,3786],{"class":58},[44,26862,26863],{"class":168},"  # 10\n",[44,26865,26866,26868,26870,26873,26875],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,26867,154],{"class":153},[44,26869,157],{"class":58},[44,26871,26872],{"class":111},"result2",[44,26874,3786],{"class":58},[44,26876,26877],{"class":168},"  # missing\n",[44,26879,26880,26882,26884,26886,26888],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,26881,154],{"class":153},[44,26883,157],{"class":58},[44,26885,511],{"class":111},[44,26887,3786],{"class":58},[44,26889,26890],{"class":168},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26892,26893,26894,6761],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[395,26895,26896],{"href":10847},[15,26897,26898],{},"dict.get()",[30,26900,1551,26902],{"id":26901},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26903,12861],{},[20,26905,172,26906,1558],{},[15,26907,12861],{},[192,26909,26910,26913,26916],{},[195,26911,26912],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[195,26914,26915],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[195,26917,26918],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26920,223],{},[35,26922,26924],{"className":37,"code":26923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26925,26926,26978,26982,27009,27013,27037,27041,27055,27069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26927,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26962,26964,26966,26969,26971,26973,26976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26929,25192],{"class":50},[44,26931,55],{"class":54},[44,26933,59],{"class":58},[44,26935,63],{"class":62},[44,26937,67],{"class":66},[44,26939,63],{"class":62},[44,26941,72],{"class":58},[44,26943,75],{"class":62},[44,26945,26946],{"class":66},"Laptop",[44,26948,63],{"class":62},[44,26950,83],{"class":58},[44,26952,75],{"class":62},[44,26954,25218],{"class":66},[44,26956,63],{"class":62},[44,26958,72],{"class":58},[44,26960,26961],{"class":95}," 1200",[44,26963,83],{"class":58},[44,26965,75],{"class":62},[44,26967,26968],{"class":66},"discount",[44,26970,63],{"class":62},[44,26972,72],{"class":58},[44,26974,26975],{"class":95}," 200",[44,26977,99],{"class":58},[44,26979,26980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,26981,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,26983,26984,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,26985,26986],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26988,55],{"class":54},[44,26990,25270],{"class":50},[44,26992,108],{"class":58},[44,26994,26309],{"class":111},[44,26996,157],{"class":58},[44,26998,63],{"class":62},[44,27000,26968],{"class":66},[44,27002,63],{"class":62},[44,27004,83],{"class":58},[44,27006,3959],{"class":95},[44,27008,162],{"class":58},[44,27010,27011],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27012,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27014,27015,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27016,27017],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,27019,55],{"class":54},[44,27021,25270],{"class":50},[44,27023,4027],{"class":58},[44,27025,63],{"class":62},[44,27027,25218],{"class":66},[44,27029,63],{"class":62},[44,27031,13368],{"class":58},[44,27033,2340],{"class":54},[44,27035,27036],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,27038,27039],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,27040,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27042,27043,27045,27047,27050,27052],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,27044,154],{"class":153},[44,27046,157],{"class":58},[44,27048,27049],{"class":111},"discount_amount",[44,27051,3786],{"class":58},[44,27053,27054],{"class":168},"  # 200\n",[44,27056,27057,27059,27061,27064,27066],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,27058,154],{"class":153},[44,27060,157],{"class":58},[44,27062,27063],{"class":111},"final_price",[44,27065,3786],{"class":58},[44,27067,27068],{"class":168},"      # 1000\n",[44,27070,27071,27073,27075,27078,27080],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,27072,154],{"class":153},[44,27074,157],{"class":58},[44,27076,27077],{"class":111},"product",[44,27079,3786],{"class":58},[44,27081,27082],{"class":168},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27084,27085],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,27087,27089,10698,27091],{"id":27088},"pop-vs-del",[15,27090,12861],{},[15,27092,27093],{},"del",[20,27095,10703,27096,4523,27098,27100],{},[15,27097,12861],{},[15,27099,27093],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1960,27102,172,27104,27106],{"id":27103},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27105,12861],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,27108,27110],{"className":37,"code":27109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27111,27112,27148,27152,27174,27178,27191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27113,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128,27130,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27115,51],{"class":50},[44,27117,55],{"class":54},[44,27119,59],{"class":58},[44,27121,63],{"class":62},[44,27123,67],{"class":66},[44,27125,63],{"class":62},[44,27127,72],{"class":58},[44,27129,75],{"class":62},[44,27131,78],{"class":66},[44,27133,63],{"class":62},[44,27135,83],{"class":58},[44,27137,75],{"class":62},[44,27139,88],{"class":66},[44,27141,63],{"class":62},[44,27143,72],{"class":58},[44,27145,1164],{"class":95},[44,27147,99],{"class":58},[44,27149,27150],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27151,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27153,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27155,21699],{"class":50},[44,27157,55],{"class":54},[44,27159,1345],{"class":50},[44,27161,108],{"class":58},[44,27163,26309],{"class":111},[44,27165,157],{"class":58},[44,27167,63],{"class":62},[44,27169,88],{"class":66},[44,27171,63],{"class":62},[44,27173,162],{"class":58},[44,27175,27176],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27177,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27179,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27181,154],{"class":153},[44,27183,157],{"class":58},[44,27185,88],{"class":111},[44,27187,3786],{"class":58},[44,27189,27190],{"class":168},"     # 25\n",[44,27192,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,27194,154],{"class":153},[44,27196,157],{"class":58},[44,27198,105],{"class":111},[44,27200,3786],{"class":58},[44,27202,27203],{"class":168},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1960,27205,172,27207,27209],{"id":27206},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27208,27093],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,27211,27213],{"className":37,"code":27212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27214,27215,27251,27255,27271,27275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27216,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27218,51],{"class":50},[44,27220,55],{"class":54},[44,27222,59],{"class":58},[44,27224,63],{"class":62},[44,27226,67],{"class":66},[44,27228,63],{"class":62},[44,27230,72],{"class":58},[44,27232,75],{"class":62},[44,27234,78],{"class":66},[44,27236,63],{"class":62},[44,27238,83],{"class":58},[44,27240,75],{"class":62},[44,27242,88],{"class":66},[44,27244,63],{"class":62},[44,27246,72],{"class":58},[44,27248,1164],{"class":95},[44,27250,99],{"class":58},[44,27252,27253],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27254,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27256,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27258,27093],{"class":4002},[44,27260,1345],{"class":50},[44,27262,4027],{"class":58},[44,27264,63],{"class":62},[44,27266,88],{"class":66},[44,27268,63],{"class":62},[44,27270,3759],{"class":58},[44,27272,27273],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27274,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27276,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27278,154],{"class":153},[44,27280,157],{"class":58},[44,27282,105],{"class":111},[44,27284,3786],{"class":58},[44,27286,27203],{"class":168},[20,27288,27289],{},"Difference:",[192,27291,27292,27297],{},[195,27293,27294,27296],{},[15,27295,12861],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[195,27298,27299,27301],{},[15,27300,27093],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27303,27304,27305,108],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[395,27306,12675],{"href":12674},[30,27308,27310,27311],{"id":27309},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27312,19764],{},[20,27314,27315],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1960,27317,27319],{"id":27318},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,27321,27323],{"className":37,"code":27322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27324,27325,27350,27354,27380,27384,27396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27326,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27346,27348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27328,11829],{"class":50},[44,27330,55],{"class":54},[44,27332,59],{"class":58},[44,27334,63],{"class":62},[44,27336,67],{"class":66},[44,27338,63],{"class":62},[44,27340,72],{"class":58},[44,27342,75],{"class":62},[44,27344,27345],{"class":66},"Sara",[44,27347,63],{"class":62},[44,27349,99],{"class":58},[44,27351,27352],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27353,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27355,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27357,2564],{"class":50},[44,27359,55],{"class":54},[44,27361,11871],{"class":50},[44,27363,108],{"class":58},[44,27365,26309],{"class":111},[44,27367,157],{"class":58},[44,27369,63],{"class":62},[44,27371,88],{"class":66},[44,27373,63],{"class":62},[44,27375,83],{"class":58},[44,27377,3978],{"class":1400},[44,27379,162],{"class":58},[44,27381,27382],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27383,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27385,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27387,154],{"class":153},[44,27389,157],{"class":58},[44,27391,2590],{"class":111},[44,27393,3786],{"class":58},[44,27395,20633],{"class":168},[44,27397,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,27399,154],{"class":153},[44,27401,157],{"class":58},[44,27403,1850],{"class":111},[44,27405,3786],{"class":58},[44,27407,27408],{"class":168}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27410,27411],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1960,27413,27415],{"id":27414},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,27417,27419],{"className":37,"code":27418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27420,27421,27445,27449,27465,27488,27498,27505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27422,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27424,11829],{"class":50},[44,27426,55],{"class":54},[44,27428,59],{"class":58},[44,27430,63],{"class":62},[44,27432,67],{"class":66},[44,27434,63],{"class":62},[44,27436,72],{"class":58},[44,27438,75],{"class":62},[44,27440,27345],{"class":66},[44,27442,63],{"class":62},[44,27444,99],{"class":58},[44,27446,27447],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27448,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27450,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27452,7128],{"class":4002},[44,27454,75],{"class":62},[44,27456,88],{"class":66},[44,27458,63],{"class":62},[44,27460,21245],{"class":54},[44,27462,11871],{"class":50},[44,27464,6523],{"class":58},[44,27466,27467,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27468,27469],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,27471,55],{"class":54},[44,27473,11871],{"class":50},[44,27475,108],{"class":58},[44,27477,26309],{"class":111},[44,27479,157],{"class":58},[44,27481,63],{"class":62},[44,27483,88],{"class":66},[44,27485,63],{"class":62},[44,27487,162],{"class":58},[44,27489,27490,27492,27494,27496],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27491,8200],{"class":153},[44,27493,157],{"class":58},[44,27495,2590],{"class":111},[44,27497,162],{"class":58},[44,27499,27500,27503],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,27501,27502],{"class":4002},"else",[44,27504,6523],{"class":58},[44,27506,27507,27509,27511,27513,27516,27518],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,27508,8200],{"class":153},[44,27510,157],{"class":58},[44,27512,63],{"class":62},[44,27514,27515],{"class":66},"Key not found",[44,27517,63],{"class":62},[44,27519,162],{"class":58},[1960,27521,27523,27524,27526],{"id":27522},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27525,10851],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,27528,27530],{"className":37,"code":27529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27531,27532,27556,27560,27586,27590,27602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27533,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27535,11829],{"class":50},[44,27537,55],{"class":54},[44,27539,59],{"class":58},[44,27541,63],{"class":62},[44,27543,67],{"class":66},[44,27545,63],{"class":62},[44,27547,72],{"class":58},[44,27549,75],{"class":62},[44,27551,27345],{"class":66},[44,27553,63],{"class":62},[44,27555,99],{"class":58},[44,27557,27558],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27559,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27561,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27563,2564],{"class":50},[44,27565,55],{"class":54},[44,27567,11871],{"class":50},[44,27569,108],{"class":58},[44,27571,1897],{"class":111},[44,27573,157],{"class":58},[44,27575,63],{"class":62},[44,27577,88],{"class":66},[44,27579,63],{"class":62},[44,27581,83],{"class":58},[44,27583,3978],{"class":1400},[44,27585,162],{"class":58},[44,27587,27588],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27589,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27591,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27593,154],{"class":153},[44,27595,157],{"class":58},[44,27597,2590],{"class":111},[44,27599,3786],{"class":58},[44,27601,20633],{"class":168},[44,27603,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,27605,154],{"class":153},[44,27607,157],{"class":58},[44,27609,1850],{"class":111},[44,27611,3786],{"class":58},[44,27613,27408],{"class":168},[20,27615,172,27616,27620,27621,108],{},[395,27617,27618],{"href":10847},[15,27619,26898],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[395,27622,1954],{"href":1953},[30,27624,4649],{"id":4648},[20,27626,27627,27628,108],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27629,12670],{},[1960,27631,25843,27633,27635],{"id":27632},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27634,12861],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27637,27638],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,27640,27642],{"className":37,"code":27641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27643,27644,27664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27645,27646,27648,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27647,3741],{"class":50},[44,27649,55],{"class":54},[44,27651,3746],{"class":58},[44,27653,2448],{"class":95},[44,27655,83],{"class":58},[44,27657,96],{"class":95},[44,27659,83],{"class":58},[44,27661,7925],{"class":95},[44,27663,3759],{"class":58},[44,27665,27666,27668,27670,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27667,154],{"class":153},[44,27669,157],{"class":58},[44,27671,3773],{"class":111},[44,27673,108],{"class":58},[44,27675,26309],{"class":111},[44,27677,157],{"class":58},[44,27679,3108],{"class":95},[44,27681,5491],{"class":58},[44,27683,27684],{"class":168},"  # 20\n",[20,27686,27687],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,27689,27691],{"className":37,"code":27690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27692,27693,27729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27694,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27696,51],{"class":50},[44,27698,55],{"class":54},[44,27700,59],{"class":58},[44,27702,63],{"class":62},[44,27704,67],{"class":66},[44,27706,63],{"class":62},[44,27708,72],{"class":58},[44,27710,75],{"class":62},[44,27712,78],{"class":66},[44,27714,63],{"class":62},[44,27716,83],{"class":58},[44,27718,75],{"class":62},[44,27720,88],{"class":66},[44,27722,63],{"class":62},[44,27724,72],{"class":58},[44,27726,1164],{"class":95},[44,27728,99],{"class":58},[44,27730,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27732,154],{"class":153},[44,27734,157],{"class":58},[44,27736,105],{"class":111},[44,27738,108],{"class":58},[44,27740,26309],{"class":111},[44,27742,157],{"class":58},[44,27744,63],{"class":62},[44,27746,88],{"class":66},[44,27748,63],{"class":62},[44,27750,5491],{"class":58},[44,27752,27753],{"class":168},"  # 25\n",[20,27755,27756,27757,27759,27760,27762],{},"A dictionary does ",[3868,27758,4762],{}," use positions with ",[15,27761,12861],{},". It uses keys.",[1960,27764,4836,27766,27768],{"id":27765},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27767,12861],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27770,27772],{"className":37,"code":27771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27773,27774,27806,27810,27832,27836,27849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27775,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27777,489],{"class":50},[44,27779,55],{"class":54},[44,27781,59],{"class":58},[44,27783,63],{"class":62},[44,27785,2291],{"class":66},[44,27787,63],{"class":62},[44,27789,72],{"class":58},[44,27791,504],{"class":95},[44,27793,83],{"class":58},[44,27795,75],{"class":62},[44,27797,11850],{"class":66},[44,27799,63],{"class":62},[44,27801,72],{"class":58},[44,27803,1012],{"class":95},[44,27805,99],{"class":58},[44,27807,27808],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27809,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27811,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27813,2564],{"class":50},[44,27815,55],{"class":54},[44,27817,14653],{"class":50},[44,27819,108],{"class":58},[44,27821,26309],{"class":111},[44,27823,157],{"class":58},[44,27825,63],{"class":62},[44,27827,2291],{"class":66},[44,27829,63],{"class":62},[44,27831,162],{"class":58},[44,27833,27834],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27835,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27837,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,27839,154],{"class":153},[44,27841,157],{"class":58},[44,27843,2590],{"class":111},[44,27845,3786],{"class":58},[44,27847,27848],{"class":168},"  # 1\n",[44,27850,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,27852,154],{"class":153},[44,27854,157],{"class":58},[44,27856,511],{"class":111},[44,27858,3786],{"class":58},[44,27860,27861],{"class":168},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27863,27864,27865,27867],{},"After ",[15,27866,12861],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1960,27869,567,27871,27873],{"id":27870},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27872,12861],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27875,27877],{"className":37,"code":27876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27878,27879,27903,27907,27912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27880,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27882,489],{"class":50},[44,27884,55],{"class":54},[44,27886,59],{"class":58},[44,27888,63],{"class":62},[44,27890,67],{"class":66},[44,27892,63],{"class":62},[44,27894,72],{"class":58},[44,27896,75],{"class":62},[44,27898,8052],{"class":66},[44,27900,63],{"class":62},[44,27902,99],{"class":58},[44,27904,27905],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27906,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27908,27909],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27910,27911],{"class":168},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27913,27914],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,27915,27916],{"class":168},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27918,27919],{},"Safer version:",[35,27921,27923],{"className":37,"code":27922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27924,27925,27949,27953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27926,27927,27929,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27928,489],{"class":50},[44,27930,55],{"class":54},[44,27932,59],{"class":58},[44,27934,63],{"class":62},[44,27936,67],{"class":66},[44,27938,63],{"class":62},[44,27940,72],{"class":58},[44,27942,75],{"class":62},[44,27944,8052],{"class":66},[44,27946,63],{"class":62},[44,27948,99],{"class":58},[44,27950,27951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,27952,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,27954,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,27956,154],{"class":153},[44,27958,157],{"class":58},[44,27960,511],{"class":111},[44,27962,108],{"class":58},[44,27964,26309],{"class":111},[44,27966,157],{"class":58},[44,27968,63],{"class":62},[44,27970,88],{"class":66},[44,27972,63],{"class":62},[44,27974,83],{"class":58},[44,27976,75],{"class":62},[44,27978,26841],{"class":66},[44,27980,63],{"class":62},[44,27982,5491],{"class":58},[44,27984,26877],{"class":168},[1960,27986,1821,27988,27990],{"id":27987},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27989,12861],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27992,27994],{"className":37,"code":27993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27995,27996,28028,28032,28054,28058,28070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27997,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28016,28018,28020,28022,28024,28026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27999,489],{"class":50},[44,28001,55],{"class":54},[44,28003,59],{"class":58},[44,28005,63],{"class":62},[44,28007,395],{"class":66},[44,28009,63],{"class":62},[44,28011,72],{"class":58},[44,28013,504],{"class":95},[44,28015,83],{"class":58},[44,28017,75],{"class":62},[44,28019,1005],{"class":66},[44,28021,63],{"class":62},[44,28023,72],{"class":58},[44,28025,1012],{"class":95},[44,28027,99],{"class":58},[44,28029,28030],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28031,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,28033,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,28035,1340],{"class":50},[44,28037,55],{"class":54},[44,28039,14653],{"class":50},[44,28041,108],{"class":58},[44,28043,26309],{"class":111},[44,28045,157],{"class":58},[44,28047,63],{"class":62},[44,28049,395],{"class":66},[44,28051,63],{"class":62},[44,28053,162],{"class":58},[44,28055,28056],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,28057,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,28059,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,28061,154],{"class":153},[44,28063,157],{"class":58},[44,28065,1376],{"class":111},[44,28067,3786],{"class":58},[44,28069,27848],{"class":168},[44,28071,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,28073,154],{"class":153},[44,28075,157],{"class":58},[44,28077,511],{"class":111},[44,28079,3786],{"class":58},[44,28081,28082],{"class":168},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28084,28085],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,28087,28089],{"id":28088},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28091,28092,28093,28095],{},"Problems with ",[15,28094,12670],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[192,28097,28098,28101,28110,28113],{},[195,28099,28100],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[195,28102,28103,28104,28107,28108],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28105,28106],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28109,26405],{},[195,28111,28112],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[195,28114,28115,28116,11202,28118],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28117,3108],{},[15,28119,28120],{},"\"1\"",[20,28122,28123],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,28125,28127],{"className":37,"code":28126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28128,28129,28153,28157,28187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28130,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28132,489],{"class":50},[44,28134,55],{"class":54},[44,28136,59],{"class":58},[44,28138,63],{"class":62},[44,28140,3108],{"class":66},[44,28142,63],{"class":62},[44,28144,72],{"class":58},[44,28146,75],{"class":62},[44,28148,6715],{"class":66},[44,28150,63],{"class":62},[44,28152,99],{"class":58},[44,28154,28155],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28156,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,28158,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28180,28182,28184],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,28160,154],{"class":153},[44,28162,157],{"class":58},[44,28164,511],{"class":111},[44,28166,108],{"class":58},[44,28168,26309],{"class":111},[44,28170,157],{"class":58},[44,28172,3108],{"class":95},[44,28174,83],{"class":58},[44,28176,75],{"class":62},[44,28178,28179],{"class":66},"not found",[44,28181,63],{"class":62},[44,28183,5491],{"class":58},[44,28185,28186],{"class":168},"    # not found\n",[44,28188,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,28190,154],{"class":153},[44,28192,157],{"class":58},[44,28194,511],{"class":111},[44,28196,108],{"class":58},[44,28198,26309],{"class":111},[44,28200,157],{"class":58},[44,28202,63],{"class":62},[44,28204,3108],{"class":66},[44,28206,63],{"class":62},[44,28208,83],{"class":58},[44,28210,75],{"class":62},[44,28212,28179],{"class":66},[44,28214,63],{"class":62},[44,28216,5491],{"class":58},[44,28218,28219],{"class":168},"  # one\n",[20,28221,28222,4523,28224,28226],{},[15,28223,3108],{},[15,28225,28120],{}," are different keys.",[30,28228,9002],{"id":9001},[20,28230,9005,28231,28233],{},[15,28232,12861],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,28235,28237],{"className":37,"code":28236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28238,28239,28249,28263,28281,28311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28240,28241,28243,28245,28247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28242,154],{"class":153},[44,28244,157],{"class":58},[44,28246,1850],{"class":111},[44,28248,162],{"class":58},[44,28250,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28252,154],{"class":153},[44,28254,157],{"class":58},[44,28256,1850],{"class":111},[44,28258,108],{"class":58},[44,28260,17004],{"class":111},[44,28262,7325],{"class":58},[44,28264,28265,28267,28269,28271,28273,28275,28277,28279],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,28266,154],{"class":153},[44,28268,157],{"class":58},[44,28270,343],{"class":62},[44,28272,67],{"class":66},[44,28274,343],{"class":62},[44,28276,21245],{"class":4002},[44,28278,11871],{"class":111},[44,28280,162],{"class":58},[44,28282,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,28284,154],{"class":153},[44,28286,157],{"class":58},[44,28288,1850],{"class":111},[44,28290,108],{"class":58},[44,28292,26309],{"class":111},[44,28294,157],{"class":58},[44,28296,343],{"class":62},[44,28298,67],{"class":66},[44,28300,343],{"class":62},[44,28302,83],{"class":58},[44,28304,352],{"class":62},[44,28306,26841],{"class":66},[44,28308,343],{"class":62},[44,28310,1869],{"class":58},[44,28312,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,28314,154],{"class":153},[44,28316,157],{"class":58},[44,28318,1862],{"class":1861},[44,28320,157],{"class":58},[44,28322,1850],{"class":111},[44,28324,1869],{"class":58},[20,28326,21408],{},[192,28328,28329,28334,28339,28344,28350],{},[195,28330,28331,28333],{},[15,28332,12778],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[195,28335,28336,28338],{},[15,28337,21420],{}," shows all available keys",[195,28340,28341,28343],{},[15,28342,21426],{}," checks whether a key exists",[195,28345,28346,28349],{},[15,28347,28348],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[195,28351,28352,28354],{},[15,28353,12784],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28356,28357,28358,108],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[395,28359,9507],{"href":397},[30,28361,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,28363,28365,28366,28368],{"id":28364},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28367,12861],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28370,28371],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1960,28373,28375],{"id":28374},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28377,28378,26606,28380,28382,28383,28385],{},[15,28379,26405],{},[15,28381,19764],{},". ",[15,28384,26409],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1960,28387,1963,28389,14982],{"id":28388},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28390,12861],{},[20,28392,28393],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1960,28395,1994,28397,28399],{"id":28396},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28398,12861],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28401,28402,28403,28405,28406,108],{},"Not with ",[15,28404,12670],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[395,28407,28408],{"href":12681},[15,28409,12868],{},[1960,28411,2007,28413,4523,28415,2610],{"id":28412},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28414,10851],{},[15,28416,12861],{},[20,28418,28419,28421,28422,28424],{},[15,28420,10851],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28423,12861],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,28426,2020],{"id":2019},[192,28428,28429,28435,28442,28446,28450,28454],{},[195,28430,28431],{},[395,28432,28433],{"href":10847},[15,28434,19745],{},[195,28436,28437],{},[395,28438,28439],{"href":12681},[15,28440,28441],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[195,28443,28444],{},[395,28445,12885],{"href":12674},[195,28447,28448],{},[395,28449,2042],{"href":1798},[195,28451,28452],{},[395,28453,1954],{"href":1953},[195,28455,28456],{},[395,28457,28459],{"href":28458},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2048,28461,28462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":28464},[28465,28466,28468,28469,28470,28472,28479,28486,28496,28497,28498,28509],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":26416,"depth":102,"text":28467},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":26901,"depth":102,"text":28471},"When to use pop()",{"id":27088,"depth":102,"text":28473,"children":28474},"pop() vs del",[28475,28477],{"id":27103,"depth":150,"text":28476},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27206,"depth":150,"text":28478},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27309,"depth":102,"text":28480,"children":28481},"How to avoid KeyError",[28482,28483,28484],{"id":27318,"depth":150,"text":27319},{"id":27414,"depth":150,"text":27415},{"id":27522,"depth":150,"text":28485},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":28487},[28488,28490,28492,28494],{"id":27632,"depth":150,"text":28489},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27765,"depth":150,"text":28491},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27870,"depth":150,"text":28493},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27987,"depth":150,"text":28495},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28088,"depth":102,"text":28089},{"id":9001,"depth":102,"text":9002},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":28499},[28500,28502,28503,28505,28507],{"id":28364,"depth":150,"text":28501},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28374,"depth":150,"text":28375},{"id":28388,"depth":150,"text":28504},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28396,"depth":150,"text":28506},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28412,"depth":150,"text":28508},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26237,"description":28510},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28517,"title":28441,"body":28518,"description":30456,"extension":2080,"meta":30457,"navigation":682,"path":30458,"seo":30459,"stem":30460,"__hash__":30461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28519,"toc":30420},[28520,28525,28530,28533,28541,28551,28553,28642,28646,28695,28700,28705,28709,28725,28728,28730,28745,28747,28763,28770,28774,28780,28789,28791,28860,28864,28885,28888,28907,28910,28933,28935,28938,29051,29055,29114,29121,29125,29131,29256,29260,29310,29313,29317,29324,29326,29389,29393,29414,29417,29426,29441,29449,29456,29460,29472,29476,29487,29489,29635,29639,29698,29705,29710,29714,29720,29743,29748,29767,29771,29842,29849,29922,29931,29936,29941,29952,29955,30092,30097,30129,30134,30136,30140,30200,30203,30260,30263,30306,30308,30313,30319,30325,30328,30335,30343,30348,30351,30358,30366,30368,30417],[10,28521,13,28523,18],{"id":28522},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28524,12868],{},[20,28526,22,28527,28529],{},[15,28528,12868],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28531,28532],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[192,28534,28535,28538],{},[195,28536,28537],{},"remove an item",[195,28539,28540],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28542,28543,28544,28546,28547,28550],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28545,12868],{}," removes the ",[3868,28548,28549],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28552,33],{"id":32},[35,28554,28556],{"className":37,"code":28555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28557,28558,28602,28618,28622,28632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28559,28560,28562,28564,28566,28568,28570,28572,28574,28576,28578,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598,28600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28561,489],{"class":50},[44,28563,55],{"class":54},[44,28565,59],{"class":58},[44,28567,63],{"class":62},[44,28569,395],{"class":66},[44,28571,63],{"class":62},[44,28573,72],{"class":58},[44,28575,504],{"class":95},[44,28577,83],{"class":58},[44,28579,75],{"class":62},[44,28581,1005],{"class":66},[44,28583,63],{"class":62},[44,28585,72],{"class":58},[44,28587,1012],{"class":95},[44,28589,83],{"class":58},[44,28591,75],{"class":62},[44,28593,9855],{"class":66},[44,28595,63],{"class":62},[44,28597,72],{"class":58},[44,28599,1017],{"class":95},[44,28601,99],{"class":58},[44,28603,28604,28607,28609,28611,28613,28616],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28605,28606],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28608,55],{"class":54},[44,28610,14653],{"class":50},[44,28612,108],{"class":58},[44,28614,28615],{"class":111},"popitem",[44,28617,1635],{"class":58},[44,28619,28620],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,28621,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,28623,28624,28626,28628,28630],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,28625,154],{"class":153},[44,28627,157],{"class":58},[44,28629,23381],{"class":111},[44,28631,162],{"class":58},[44,28633,28634,28636,28638,28640],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,28635,154],{"class":153},[44,28637,157],{"class":58},[44,28639,511],{"class":111},[44,28641,162],{"class":58},[20,28643,28644],{},[3868,28645,330],{},[35,28647,28649],{"className":37,"code":28648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28650,28651,28667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28652,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28654,157],{"class":58},[44,28656,343],{"class":62},[44,28658,9855],{"class":66},[44,28660,343],{"class":62},[44,28662,83],{"class":58},[44,28664,1017],{"class":95},[44,28666,162],{"class":58},[44,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28670,340],{"class":58},[44,28672,343],{"class":62},[44,28674,395],{"class":66},[44,28676,343],{"class":62},[44,28678,72],{"class":58},[44,28680,504],{"class":95},[44,28682,83],{"class":58},[44,28684,352],{"class":62},[44,28686,1005],{"class":66},[44,28688,343],{"class":62},[44,28690,72],{"class":58},[44,28692,1012],{"class":95},[44,28694,99],{"class":58},[20,28696,28697,28699],{},[15,28698,12868],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28701,179,28703,182],{"id":28702},"what-popitem-does",[15,28704,12868],{},[20,28706,28707,72],{},[15,28708,12868],{},[192,28710,28711,28714,28719,28722],{},[195,28712,28713],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[195,28715,28716,28717],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28718,21726],{},[195,28720,28721],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[195,28723,28724],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28726,28727],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28729,402],{"id":401},[35,28731,28733],{"className":37,"code":28732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28734,28735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28736,28737,28739,28741,28743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28738,415],{"class":50},[44,28740,108],{"class":58},[44,28742,28615],{"class":111},[44,28744,1635],{"class":58},[20,28746,11564],{},[192,28748,28749,28757,28760],{},[195,28750,28751,28753,28754],{},[15,28752,12868],{}," takes ",[3868,28755,28756],{},"no arguments",[195,28758,28759],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[195,28761,28762],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28764,28765,28766,6761],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[395,28767,28768],{"href":12667},[15,28769,12861],{},[30,28771,28773],{"id":28772},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28775,28776,28777,28779],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28778,12868],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28781,28782,28783,28786],"ol",{},[195,28784,28785],{},"the key",[195,28787,28788],{},"the value",[20,28790,223],{},[35,28792,28794],{"className":37,"code":28793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28795,28796,28832,28846,28850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28797,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828,28830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28799,51],{"class":50},[44,28801,55],{"class":54},[44,28803,59],{"class":58},[44,28805,63],{"class":62},[44,28807,67],{"class":66},[44,28809,63],{"class":62},[44,28811,72],{"class":58},[44,28813,75],{"class":62},[44,28815,5135],{"class":66},[44,28817,63],{"class":62},[44,28819,83],{"class":58},[44,28821,75],{"class":62},[44,28823,88],{"class":66},[44,28825,63],{"class":62},[44,28827,72],{"class":58},[44,28829,1164],{"class":95},[44,28831,99],{"class":58},[44,28833,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28835,1340],{"class":50},[44,28837,55],{"class":54},[44,28839,1345],{"class":50},[44,28841,108],{"class":58},[44,28843,28615],{"class":111},[44,28845,1635],{"class":58},[44,28847,28848],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,28849,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,28851,28852,28854,28856,28858],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,28853,154],{"class":153},[44,28855,157],{"class":58},[44,28857,1376],{"class":111},[44,28859,162],{"class":58},[20,28861,28862],{},[3868,28863,330],{},[35,28865,28867],{"className":37,"code":28866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28868,28869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28870,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28872,157],{"class":58},[44,28874,343],{"class":62},[44,28876,88],{"class":66},[44,28878,343],{"class":62},[44,28880,83],{"class":58},[44,28882,1164],{"class":95},[44,28884,162],{"class":58},[20,28886,28887],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28889,28891],{"className":37,"code":28890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28892,28893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28894,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28896,1340],{"class":50},[44,28898,55],{"class":54},[44,28900,1345],{"class":50},[44,28902,108],{"class":58},[44,28904,28615],{"class":111},[44,28906,1635],{"class":58},[20,28908,28909],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28911,28913],{"className":37,"code":28912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28914,28915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28916,28917,28919,28921,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28918,1904],{"class":50},[44,28920,83],{"class":58},[44,28922,21655],{"class":50},[44,28924,55],{"class":54},[44,28926,1345],{"class":50},[44,28928,108],{"class":58},[44,28930,28615],{"class":111},[44,28932,1635],{"class":58},[30,28934,11581],{"id":11580},[20,28936,28937],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28939,28941],{"className":37,"code":28940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28942,28943,28989,28993,29008,29012,29032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28944,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953,28956,28958,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28946,811],{"class":50},[44,28948,55],{"class":54},[44,28950,59],{"class":58},[44,28952,63],{"class":62},[44,28954,28955],{"class":66},"Tom",[44,28957,63],{"class":62},[44,28959,72],{"class":58},[44,28961,5206],{"class":95},[44,28963,83],{"class":58},[44,28965,75],{"class":62},[44,28967,78],{"class":66},[44,28969,63],{"class":62},[44,28971,72],{"class":58},[44,28973,28974],{"class":95}," 95",[44,28976,83],{"class":58},[44,28978,75],{"class":62},[44,28980,1078],{"class":66},[44,28982,63],{"class":62},[44,28984,72],{"class":58},[44,28986,869],{"class":95},[44,28988,99],{"class":58},[44,28990,28991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,28992,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,28994,28995,28998,29000,29002,29004,29006],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,28996,28997],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28999,55],{"class":54},[44,29001,5241],{"class":50},[44,29003,108],{"class":58},[44,29005,28615],{"class":111},[44,29007,1635],{"class":58},[44,29009,29010],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,29011,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29013,29014,29016,29018,29020,29023,29025,29027,29030],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,29015,154],{"class":153},[44,29017,157],{"class":58},[44,29019,63],{"class":62},[44,29021,29022],{"class":66},"Removed:",[44,29024,63],{"class":62},[44,29026,83],{"class":58},[44,29028,29029],{"class":111}," removed_pair",[44,29031,162],{"class":58},[44,29033,29034,29036,29038,29040,29043,29045,29047,29049],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,29035,154],{"class":153},[44,29037,157],{"class":58},[44,29039,63],{"class":62},[44,29041,29042],{"class":66},"After removal:",[44,29044,63],{"class":62},[44,29046,83],{"class":58},[44,29048,5241],{"class":111},[44,29050,162],{"class":58},[20,29052,29053],{},[3868,29054,330],{},[35,29056,29058],{"className":37,"code":29057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29059,29060,29081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29061,29062,29065,29067,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29063,29064],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,29066,72],{"class":58},[44,29068,857],{"class":58},[44,29070,343],{"class":62},[44,29072,1078],{"class":66},[44,29074,343],{"class":62},[44,29076,83],{"class":58},[44,29078,869],{"class":95},[44,29080,162],{"class":58},[44,29082,29083,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108,29110,29112],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29084,29085],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,29087,72],{"class":58},[44,29089,59],{"class":58},[44,29091,343],{"class":62},[44,29093,28955],{"class":66},[44,29095,343],{"class":62},[44,29097,72],{"class":58},[44,29099,5206],{"class":95},[44,29101,83],{"class":58},[44,29103,352],{"class":62},[44,29105,78],{"class":66},[44,29107,343],{"class":62},[44,29109,72],{"class":58},[44,29111,28974],{"class":95},[44,29113,99],{"class":58},[20,29115,29116,29117,29120],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29118,29119],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,29122,29124],{"id":29123},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29126,29127,29128,29130],{},"Because ",[15,29129,12868],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,29132,29134],{"className":37,"code":29133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29135,29136,29172,29176,29195,29199,29218,29237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29137,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146,29148,29150,29152,29154,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29139,15533],{"class":50},[44,29141,55],{"class":54},[44,29143,59],{"class":58},[44,29145,63],{"class":62},[44,29147,15544],{"class":66},[44,29149,63],{"class":62},[44,29151,72],{"class":58},[44,29153,75],{"class":62},[44,29155,15553],{"class":66},[44,29157,63],{"class":62},[44,29159,83],{"class":58},[44,29161,75],{"class":62},[44,29163,15564],{"class":66},[44,29165,63],{"class":62},[44,29167,72],{"class":58},[44,29169,26975],{"class":95},[44,29171,99],{"class":58},[44,29173,29174],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29175,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29177,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29189,29191,29193],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29179,1904],{"class":50},[44,29181,83],{"class":58},[44,29183,21655],{"class":50},[44,29185,55],{"class":54},[44,29187,29188],{"class":50}," book",[44,29190,108],{"class":58},[44,29192,28615],{"class":111},[44,29194,1635],{"class":58},[44,29196,29197],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,29198,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29200,29201,29203,29205,29207,29210,29212,29214,29216],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,29202,154],{"class":153},[44,29204,157],{"class":58},[44,29206,63],{"class":62},[44,29208,29209],{"class":66},"Key:",[44,29211,63],{"class":62},[44,29213,83],{"class":58},[44,29215,21650],{"class":111},[44,29217,162],{"class":58},[44,29219,29220,29222,29224,29226,29229,29231,29233,29235],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,29221,154],{"class":153},[44,29223,157],{"class":58},[44,29225,63],{"class":62},[44,29227,29228],{"class":66},"Value:",[44,29230,63],{"class":62},[44,29232,83],{"class":58},[44,29234,8564],{"class":111},[44,29236,162],{"class":58},[44,29238,29239,29241,29243,29245,29248,29250,29252,29254],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,29240,154],{"class":153},[44,29242,157],{"class":58},[44,29244,63],{"class":62},[44,29246,29247],{"class":66},"Dictionary:",[44,29249,63],{"class":62},[44,29251,83],{"class":58},[44,29253,29188],{"class":111},[44,29255,162],{"class":58},[20,29257,29258],{},[3868,29259,330],{},[35,29261,29263],{"className":37,"code":29262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29264,29265,29275,29285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29266,29267,29270,29272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29268,29269],{"class":50},"Key",[44,29271,72],{"class":58},[44,29273,29274],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,29276,29277,29280,29282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29278,29279],{"class":50},"Value",[44,29281,72],{"class":58},[44,29283,29284],{"class":95}," 200\n",[44,29286,29287,29290,29292,29294,29296,29298,29300,29302,29304,29306,29308],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29288,29289],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,29291,72],{"class":58},[44,29293,59],{"class":58},[44,29295,343],{"class":62},[44,29297,15544],{"class":66},[44,29299,343],{"class":62},[44,29301,72],{"class":58},[44,29303,352],{"class":62},[44,29305,15553],{"class":66},[44,29307,343],{"class":62},[44,29309,99],{"class":58},[20,29311,29312],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,29314,29316],{"id":29315},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29318,29319,29320,28546,29322,108],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29321,12868],{},[3868,29323,28549],{},[20,29325,223],{},[35,29327,29329],{"className":37,"code":29328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29330,29331,29375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29332,29333,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29334,489],{"class":50},[44,29336,55],{"class":54},[44,29338,59],{"class":58},[44,29340,63],{"class":62},[44,29342,2291],{"class":66},[44,29344,63],{"class":62},[44,29346,72],{"class":58},[44,29348,504],{"class":95},[44,29350,83],{"class":58},[44,29352,75],{"class":62},[44,29354,11850],{"class":66},[44,29356,63],{"class":62},[44,29358,72],{"class":58},[44,29360,1012],{"class":95},[44,29362,83],{"class":58},[44,29364,75],{"class":62},[44,29366,22148],{"class":66},[44,29368,63],{"class":62},[44,29370,72],{"class":58},[44,29372,1017],{"class":95},[44,29374,99],{"class":58},[44,29376,29377,29379,29381,29383,29385,29387],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29378,154],{"class":153},[44,29380,157],{"class":58},[44,29382,511],{"class":111},[44,29384,108],{"class":58},[44,29386,28615],{"class":111},[44,29388,7325],{"class":58},[20,29390,29391],{},[3868,29392,330],{},[35,29394,29396],{"className":37,"code":29395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29397,29398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29399,29400,29402,29404,29406,29408,29410,29412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29401,157],{"class":58},[44,29403,343],{"class":62},[44,29405,22148],{"class":66},[44,29407,343],{"class":62},[44,29409,83],{"class":58},[44,29411,1017],{"class":95},[44,29413,162],{"class":58},[20,29415,29416],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29418,29419,29420,29422,29423,29425],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3868,29421,4762],{}," think of ",[15,29424,12868],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29427,29428,29429,2307,29433,17153,29437,108],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[395,29430,29431],{"href":17156},[15,29432,17159],{},[395,29434,29435],{"href":17143},[15,29436,17146],{},[395,29438,29439],{"href":17149},[15,29440,17152],{},[30,29442,29444,29445,4523,29447],{"id":29443},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29446,12868],{},[15,29448,12861],{},[20,29450,29451,4523,29453,29455],{},[15,29452,12868],{},[15,29454,12861],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1960,29457,29458],{"id":28615},[15,29459,12868],{},[192,29461,29462,29465,29468],{},[195,29463,29464],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[195,29466,29467],{},"does not need a key argument",[195,29469,3816,29470],{},[15,29471,21726],{},[1960,29473,29474],{"id":26309},[15,29475,12861],{},[192,29477,29478,29481,29484],{},[195,29479,29480],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[195,29482,29483],{},"needs the key name",[195,29485,29486],{},"returns only the value",[20,29488,223],{},[35,29490,29492],{"className":37,"code":29491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29493,29494,29538,29542,29556,29576,29580,29602,29621,29625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29495,29496,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528,29530,29532,29534,29536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29497,489],{"class":50},[44,29499,55],{"class":54},[44,29501,59],{"class":58},[44,29503,63],{"class":62},[44,29505,395],{"class":66},[44,29507,63],{"class":62},[44,29509,72],{"class":58},[44,29511,504],{"class":95},[44,29513,83],{"class":58},[44,29515,75],{"class":62},[44,29517,1005],{"class":66},[44,29519,63],{"class":62},[44,29521,72],{"class":58},[44,29523,1012],{"class":95},[44,29525,83],{"class":58},[44,29527,75],{"class":62},[44,29529,9855],{"class":66},[44,29531,63],{"class":62},[44,29533,72],{"class":58},[44,29535,1017],{"class":95},[44,29537,99],{"class":58},[44,29539,29540],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29541,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29543,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552,29554],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29545,28606],{"class":50},[44,29547,55],{"class":54},[44,29549,14653],{"class":50},[44,29551,108],{"class":58},[44,29553,28615],{"class":111},[44,29555,1635],{"class":58},[44,29557,29558,29560,29562,29564,29567,29569,29571,29574],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,29559,154],{"class":153},[44,29561,157],{"class":58},[44,29563,63],{"class":62},[44,29565,29566],{"class":66},"popitem():",[44,29568,63],{"class":62},[44,29570,83],{"class":58},[44,29572,29573],{"class":111}," item",[44,29575,162],{"class":58},[44,29577,29578],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,29579,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29581,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596,29598,29600],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,29583,2564],{"class":50},[44,29585,55],{"class":54},[44,29587,14653],{"class":50},[44,29589,108],{"class":58},[44,29591,26309],{"class":111},[44,29593,157],{"class":58},[44,29595,63],{"class":62},[44,29597,395],{"class":66},[44,29599,63],{"class":62},[44,29601,162],{"class":58},[44,29603,29604,29606,29608,29610,29613,29615,29617,29619],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,29605,154],{"class":153},[44,29607,157],{"class":58},[44,29609,63],{"class":62},[44,29611,29612],{"class":66},"pop('a'):",[44,29614,63],{"class":62},[44,29616,83],{"class":58},[44,29618,8564],{"class":111},[44,29620,162],{"class":58},[44,29622,29623],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,29624,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29626,29627,29629,29631,29633],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,29628,154],{"class":153},[44,29630,157],{"class":58},[44,29632,511],{"class":111},[44,29634,162],{"class":58},[20,29636,29637],{},[3868,29638,330],{},[35,29640,29642],{"className":37,"code":29641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29643,29644,29665,29682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29645,29646,29648,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29647,28615],{"class":111},[44,29649,29650],{"class":58},"():",[44,29652,857],{"class":58},[44,29654,343],{"class":62},[44,29656,9855],{"class":66},[44,29658,343],{"class":62},[44,29660,83],{"class":58},[44,29662,1017],{"class":95},[44,29664,162],{"class":58},[44,29666,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677,29679],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29668,26309],{"class":111},[44,29670,157],{"class":58},[44,29672,343],{"class":62},[44,29674,395],{"class":66},[44,29676,343],{"class":62},[44,29678,16535],{"class":58},[44,29680,29681],{"class":95}," 1\n",[44,29683,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692,29694,29696],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29685,340],{"class":58},[44,29687,343],{"class":62},[44,29689,1005],{"class":66},[44,29691,343],{"class":62},[44,29693,72],{"class":58},[44,29695,1012],{"class":95},[44,29697,99],{"class":58},[20,29699,172,29700,29704],{},[395,29701,29702],{"href":12667},[15,29703,12861],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29706,172,29707,29709],{},[15,29708,12868],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29711,29713],{"id":29712},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29715,29716,29717,29719],{},"Calling ",[15,29718,12868],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29721,29723],{"className":37,"code":29722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29724,29725,29733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29726,29727,29729,29731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29728,489],{"class":50},[44,29730,55],{"class":54},[44,29732,1238],{"class":58},[44,29734,29735,29737,29739,29741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29736,511],{"class":50},[44,29738,108],{"class":58},[44,29740,28615],{"class":111},[44,29742,1635],{"class":58},[20,29744,29745],{},[3868,29746,29747],{},"Error:",[35,29749,29751],{"className":37,"code":29750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29752,29753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29754,29755,29757,29759,29761,29764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29756,19764],{"class":1861},[44,29758,72],{"class":58},[44,29760,352],{"class":62},[44,29762,29763],{"class":66},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29765,29766],{"class":62},"'\n",[1960,29768,29770],{"id":29769},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29772,29774],{"className":37,"code":29773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29775,29776,29784,29788,29796,29811,29821,29827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29777,29778,29780,29782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29779,489],{"class":50},[44,29781,55],{"class":54},[44,29783,1238],{"class":58},[44,29785,29786],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29787,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29789,29790,29792,29794],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29791,7128],{"class":4002},[44,29793,14653],{"class":50},[44,29795,6523],{"class":58},[44,29797,29798,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,29799,29800],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29802,55],{"class":54},[44,29804,14653],{"class":50},[44,29806,108],{"class":58},[44,29808,28615],{"class":111},[44,29810,1635],{"class":58},[44,29812,29813,29815,29817,29819],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,29814,8200],{"class":153},[44,29816,157],{"class":58},[44,29818,23381],{"class":111},[44,29820,162],{"class":58},[44,29822,29823,29825],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,29824,27502],{"class":4002},[44,29826,6523],{"class":58},[44,29828,29829,29831,29833,29835,29838,29840],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,29830,8200],{"class":153},[44,29832,157],{"class":58},[44,29834,63],{"class":62},[44,29836,29837],{"class":66},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29839,63],{"class":62},[44,29841,162],{"class":58},[1960,29843,29845,29846],{"id":29844},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29847,29848],{},"try-except",[35,29850,29852],{"className":37,"code":29851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29853,29854,29862,29866,29873,29887,29897,29907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29855,29856,29858,29860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29857,489],{"class":50},[44,29859,55],{"class":54},[44,29861,1238],{"class":58},[44,29863,29864],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29865,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,29867,29868,29871],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29869,29870],{"class":4002},"try",[44,29872,6523],{"class":58},[44,29874,29875,29877,29879,29881,29883,29885],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,29876,29800],{"class":50},[44,29878,55],{"class":54},[44,29880,14653],{"class":50},[44,29882,108],{"class":58},[44,29884,28615],{"class":111},[44,29886,1635],{"class":58},[44,29888,29889,29891,29893,29895],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,29890,8200],{"class":153},[44,29892,157],{"class":58},[44,29894,23381],{"class":111},[44,29896,162],{"class":58},[44,29898,29899,29902,29905],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,29900,29901],{"class":4002},"except",[44,29903,29904],{"class":1861}," KeyError",[44,29906,6523],{"class":58},[44,29908,29909,29911,29913,29915,29918,29920],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,29910,8200],{"class":153},[44,29912,157],{"class":58},[44,29914,63],{"class":62},[44,29916,29917],{"class":66},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29919,63],{"class":62},[44,29921,162],{"class":58},[20,29923,29924,29925,108],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[395,29926,25748,29928],{"href":29927},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29929,29930],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,29932,1551,29934],{"id":29933},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29935,12868],{},[20,29937,29938,29940],{},[15,29939,12868],{}," is useful when:",[192,29942,29943,29946,29949],{},[195,29944,29945],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[195,29947,29948],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[195,29950,29951],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29953,29954],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29956,29958],{"className":37,"code":29957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29959,29960,29969,29989,30009,30027,30031,30035,30045,30064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29961,29962,29965,29967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29963,29964],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29966,55],{"class":54},[44,29968,11598],{"class":58},[44,29970,29971,29973,29976,29978,29980,29982,29985,29987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,29972,11603],{"class":62},[44,29974,29975],{"class":66},"first",[44,29977,63],{"class":62},[44,29979,72],{"class":58},[44,29981,75],{"class":62},[44,29983,29984],{"class":66},"wash dishes",[44,29986,63],{"class":62},[44,29988,11619],{"class":58},[44,29990,29991,29993,29996,29998,30000,30002,30005,30007],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,29992,11603],{"class":62},[44,29994,29995],{"class":66},"second",[44,29997,63],{"class":62},[44,29999,72],{"class":58},[44,30001,75],{"class":62},[44,30003,30004],{"class":66},"do homework",[44,30006,63],{"class":62},[44,30008,11619],{"class":58},[44,30010,30011,30013,30016,30018,30020,30022,30025],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,30012,11603],{"class":62},[44,30014,30015],{"class":66},"third",[44,30017,63],{"class":62},[44,30019,72],{"class":58},[44,30021,75],{"class":62},[44,30023,30024],{"class":66},"read book",[44,30026,3479],{"class":62},[44,30028,30029],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,30030,99],{"class":58},[44,30032,30033],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,30034,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,30036,30037,30040,30043],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,30038,30039],{"class":4002},"while",[44,30041,30042],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,30044,6523],{"class":58},[44,30046,30047,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,30048,30049],{"class":50},"    key",[44,30051,83],{"class":58},[44,30053,21655],{"class":50},[44,30055,55],{"class":54},[44,30057,30042],{"class":50},[44,30059,108],{"class":58},[44,30061,28615],{"class":111},[44,30063,1635],{"class":58},[44,30065,30066,30068,30070,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,30067,8200],{"class":153},[44,30069,157],{"class":58},[44,30071,22364],{"class":2182},[44,30073,63],{"class":66},[44,30075,340],{"class":95},[44,30077,1904],{"class":111},[44,30079,22373],{"class":95},[44,30081,22376],{"class":66},[44,30083,340],{"class":95},[44,30085,2590],{"class":111},[44,30087,22373],{"class":95},[44,30089,63],{"class":66},[44,30091,162],{"class":58},[20,30093,30094],{},[3868,30095,30096],{},"Possible output:",[35,30098,30100],{"className":37,"code":30099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30101,30102,30111,30120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30103,30104,30106,30108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30105,30015],{"class":50},[44,30107,72],{"class":58},[44,30109,30110],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,30112,30113,30115,30117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30114,29995],{"class":50},[44,30116,72],{"class":58},[44,30118,30119],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,30121,30122,30124,30126],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,30123,29975],{"class":50},[44,30125,72],{"class":58},[44,30127,30128],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,30130,29127,30131,30133],{},[15,30132,12868],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,30135,1803],{"id":1802},[20,30137,14820,30138,72],{},[15,30139,12868],{},[192,30141,30142,30156,30175,30186],{},[195,30143,30144,30149],{},[3868,30145,29716,30146,30148],{},[15,30147,12868],{}," on an empty dictionary",[192,30150,30151],{},[195,30152,30153,30154,108],{},"This raises ",[15,30155,19764],{},[195,30157,30158,30163],{},[3868,30159,1821,30160,30162],{},[15,30161,12868],{}," to remove a specific key",[192,30164,30165,30168],{},[195,30166,30167],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[195,30169,172,30170,30174],{},[395,30171,30172],{"href":12667},[15,30173,12861],{}," if you need that.",[195,30176,30177,30181],{},[3868,30178,4836,30179,27768],{},[15,30180,12868],{},[192,30182,30183],{},[195,30184,30185],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[195,30187,30188,30191],{},[3868,30189,30190],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[192,30192,30193],{},[195,30194,30195,22046,30197,30199],{},[15,30196,12868],{},[15,30198,21726],{}," tuple.",[20,30201,30202],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,30204,30206],{"className":37,"code":30205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30207,30208,30218,30232,30236,30250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30209,30210,30212,30214,30216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30211,154],{"class":153},[44,30213,157],{"class":58},[44,30215,1850],{"class":111},[44,30217,162],{"class":58},[44,30219,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30221,154],{"class":153},[44,30223,157],{"class":58},[44,30225,11271],{"class":153},[44,30227,157],{"class":58},[44,30229,1850],{"class":111},[44,30231,1869],{"class":58},[44,30233,30234],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,30235,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,30237,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,30239,28606],{"class":50},[44,30241,55],{"class":54},[44,30243,11871],{"class":50},[44,30245,108],{"class":58},[44,30247,28615],{"class":111},[44,30249,1635],{"class":58},[44,30251,30252,30254,30256,30258],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,30253,154],{"class":153},[44,30255,157],{"class":58},[44,30257,23381],{"class":111},[44,30259,162],{"class":58},[20,30261,30262],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,30264,30266],{"className":37,"code":30265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30267,30268,30286,30296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30269,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30271,1904],{"class":50},[44,30273,83],{"class":58},[44,30275,21655],{"class":50},[44,30277,55],{"class":54},[44,30279,11871],{"class":50},[44,30281,108],{"class":58},[44,30283,28615],{"class":111},[44,30285,1635],{"class":58},[44,30287,30288,30290,30292,30294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30289,154],{"class":153},[44,30291,157],{"class":58},[44,30293,1904],{"class":111},[44,30295,162],{"class":58},[44,30297,30298,30300,30302,30304],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,30299,154],{"class":153},[44,30301,157],{"class":58},[44,30303,2590],{"class":111},[44,30305,162],{"class":58},[30,30307,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,30309,5273,30311,5276],{"id":30310},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30312,12868],{},[20,30314,30315,30316,108],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30317,30318],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1960,30320,1963,30322,30324],{"id":30321},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30323,12868],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30326,30327],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1960,30329,30331,30332,30334],{"id":30330},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30333,12868],{}," removes?",[20,30336,30337,30338,30342],{},"No. Use ",[395,30339,30340],{"href":12667},[15,30341,12861],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1960,30344,1963,30346,14982],{"id":30345},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30347,12868],{},[20,30349,30350],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1960,30352,30354,30355,30357],{"id":30353},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30356,12868],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30359,30360,30361,30363,30364,108],{},"It raises ",[15,30362,19764],{}," with the message ",[15,30365,29763],{},[30,30367,2020],{"id":2019},[192,30369,30370,30377,30383,30389,30395,30402,30406,30410],{},[195,30371,30372],{},[395,30373,30374,30376],{"href":12667},[15,30375,12861],{}," method for dictionaries",[195,30378,30379],{},[395,30380,30381,30376],{"href":17156},[15,30382,17159],{},[195,30384,30385],{},[395,30386,30387,30376],{"href":17143},[15,30388,17146],{},[195,30390,30391],{},[395,30392,30393,30376],{"href":17149},[15,30394,17152],{},[195,30396,30397],{},[395,30398,30400,30376],{"href":30399},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30401,11428],{},[195,30403,30404],{},[395,30405,12885],{"href":12674},[195,30407,30408],{},[395,30409,2042],{"href":1798},[195,30411,30412],{},[395,30413,30414,30415],{"href":29927},"Fix ",[15,30416,29930],{},[2048,30418,30419],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":30421},[30422,30423,30425,30426,30427,30428,30429,30430,30435,30440,30442,30443,30455],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":28702,"depth":102,"text":30424},"What popitem() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":28772,"depth":102,"text":28773},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":29123,"depth":102,"text":29124},{"id":29315,"depth":102,"text":29316},{"id":29443,"depth":102,"text":30431,"children":30432},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30433,30434],{"id":28615,"depth":150,"text":12868},{"id":26309,"depth":150,"text":12861},{"id":29712,"depth":102,"text":29713,"children":30436},[30437,30438],{"id":29769,"depth":150,"text":29770},{"id":29844,"depth":150,"text":30439},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29933,"depth":102,"text":30441},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":30444},[30445,30447,30449,30451,30453],{"id":30310,"depth":150,"text":30446},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30321,"depth":150,"text":30448},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30330,"depth":150,"text":30450},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30345,"depth":150,"text":30452},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30353,"depth":150,"text":30454},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28441,"description":30456},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":30463,"description":2079,"extension":2080,"meta":32222,"navigation":682,"path":2082,"seo":32223,"stem":2084,"__hash__":2085},{"type":7,"value":30464,"toc":32203},[30465,30469,30473,30475,30477,30569,30573,30577,30581,30583,30589,30591,30603,30605,30701,30703,30759,30763,30765,30767,30785,30789,30797,30799,30825,30827,30829,30885,30887,30907,30911,30915,30917,30925,30927,31031,31033,31085,31087,31097,31101,31105,31109,31111,31197,31199,31243,31245,31251,31253,31255,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31397,31399,31451,31453,31455,31457,31471,31473,31483,31485,31545,31547,31553,31555,31557,31635,31637,31677,31679,31743,31745,31781,31785,31789,31793,31803,31805,31925,31927,32011,32015,32017,32021,32039,32041,32119,32121,32135,32139,32141,32145,32149,32153,32155,32159,32161,32165,32169,32173,32177,32179,32201],[10,30466,13,30467,18],{"id":12},[15,30468,17],{},[20,30470,22,30471,25],{},[15,30472,17],{},[20,30474,28],{},[30,30476,33],{"id":32},[35,30478,30479],{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,30480,30481,30517,30555,30565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30482,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495,30497,30499,30501,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30484,51],{"class":50},[44,30486,55],{"class":54},[44,30488,59],{"class":58},[44,30490,63],{"class":62},[44,30492,67],{"class":66},[44,30494,63],{"class":62},[44,30496,72],{"class":58},[44,30498,75],{"class":62},[44,30500,78],{"class":66},[44,30502,63],{"class":62},[44,30504,83],{"class":58},[44,30506,75],{"class":62},[44,30508,88],{"class":66},[44,30510,63],{"class":62},[44,30512,72],{"class":58},[44,30514,96],{"class":95},[44,30516,99],{"class":58},[44,30518,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30520,105],{"class":50},[44,30522,108],{"class":58},[44,30524,112],{"class":111},[44,30526,115],{"class":58},[44,30528,63],{"class":62},[44,30530,88],{"class":66},[44,30532,63],{"class":62},[44,30534,72],{"class":58},[44,30536,126],{"class":95},[44,30538,83],{"class":58},[44,30540,75],{"class":62},[44,30542,133],{"class":66},[44,30544,63],{"class":62},[44,30546,72],{"class":58},[44,30548,75],{"class":62},[44,30550,142],{"class":66},[44,30552,63],{"class":62},[44,30554,147],{"class":58},[44,30556,30557,30559,30561,30563],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,30558,154],{"class":153},[44,30560,157],{"class":58},[44,30562,105],{"class":111},[44,30564,162],{"class":58},[44,30566,30567],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,30568,169],{"class":168},[20,30570,172,30571,175],{},[15,30572,17],{},[30,30574,179,30575,182],{"id":178},[15,30576,17],{},[20,30578,30579,187],{},[15,30580,17],{},[20,30582,190],{},[192,30584,30585,30587],{},[195,30586,197],{},[195,30588,200],{},[20,30590,203],{},[192,30592,30593,30595,30597,30601],{},[195,30594,208],{},[195,30596,211],{},[195,30598,214,30599],{},[15,30600,217],{},[195,30602,220],{},[20,30604,223],{},[35,30606,30607],{"className":37,"code":226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,30608,30609,30649,30691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30610,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30612,233],{"class":50},[44,30614,55],{"class":54},[44,30616,59],{"class":58},[44,30618,63],{"class":62},[44,30620,67],{"class":66},[44,30622,63],{"class":62},[44,30624,72],{"class":58},[44,30626,75],{"class":62},[44,30628,250],{"class":66},[44,30630,63],{"class":62},[44,30632,83],{"class":58},[44,30634,75],{"class":62},[44,30636,259],{"class":66},[44,30638,63],{"class":62},[44,30640,72],{"class":58},[44,30642,75],{"class":62},[44,30644,268],{"class":66},[44,30646,63],{"class":62},[44,30648,99],{"class":58},[44,30650,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,30652,277],{"class":50},[44,30654,108],{"class":58},[44,30656,112],{"class":111},[44,30658,115],{"class":58},[44,30660,63],{"class":62},[44,30662,259],{"class":66},[44,30664,63],{"class":62},[44,30666,72],{"class":58},[44,30668,75],{"class":62},[44,30670,296],{"class":66},[44,30672,63],{"class":62},[44,30674,83],{"class":58},[44,30676,75],{"class":62},[44,30678,133],{"class":66},[44,30680,63],{"class":62},[44,30682,72],{"class":58},[44,30684,75],{"class":62},[44,30686,313],{"class":66},[44,30688,63],{"class":62},[44,30690,147],{"class":58},[44,30692,30693,30695,30697,30699],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,30694,154],{"class":153},[44,30696,157],{"class":58},[44,30698,277],{"class":111},[44,30700,162],{"class":58},[20,30702,330],{},[35,30704,30705],{"className":37,"code":333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,30706,30707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30708,30709,307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Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32228,"toc":34179},[32229,32234,32241,32244,32246,32345,32347,32402,32407,32412,32426,32431,32433,32448,32450,32464,32477,32482,32488,32495,32497,32604,32606,32655,32661,32736,32738,32759,32761,32764,32869,32871,32926,32928,32956,32960,32965,33044,33046,33066,33068,33079,33089,33093,33098,33202,33204,33229,33232,33243,33248,33257,33260,33277,33279,33366,33368,33431,33433,33456,33458,33463,33469,33474,33476,33515,33521,33524,33543,33554,33560,33563,33636,33638,33657,33662,33665,33688,33694,33697,33761,33764,33841,33848,33851,33910,33916,33918,33937,33941,33944,33995,33998,34018,34020,34081,34083,34088,34093,34098,34103,34108,34113,34119,34122,34131,34139,34141,34176],[10,32230,13,32232,18],{"id":32231},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32233,17152],{},[20,32235,32236,32237,32240],{},"The Python ",[15,32238,32239],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32242,32243],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,32245,33],{"id":32},[35,32247,32249],{"className":37,"code":32248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32250,32251,32303,32317,32321,32331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32252,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32254,233],{"class":50},[44,32256,55],{"class":54},[44,32258,59],{"class":58},[44,32260,63],{"class":62},[44,32262,67],{"class":66},[44,32264,63],{"class":62},[44,32266,72],{"class":58},[44,32268,75],{"class":62},[44,32270,78],{"class":66},[44,32272,63],{"class":62},[44,32274,83],{"class":58},[44,32276,75],{"class":62},[44,32278,88],{"class":66},[44,32280,63],{"class":62},[44,32282,72],{"class":58},[44,32284,96],{"class":95},[44,32286,83],{"class":58},[44,32288,75],{"class":62},[44,32290,133],{"class":66},[44,32292,63],{"class":62},[44,32294,72],{"class":58},[44,32296,75],{"class":62},[44,32298,142],{"class":66},[44,32300,63],{"class":62},[44,32302,99],{"class":58},[44,32304,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32306,3948],{"class":50},[44,32308,55],{"class":54},[44,32310,13003],{"class":50},[44,32312,108],{"class":58},[44,32314,5488],{"class":111},[44,32316,1635],{"class":58},[44,32318,32319],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,32320,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,32322,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,32324,154],{"class":153},[44,32326,157],{"class":58},[44,32328,5488],{"class":111},[44,32330,162],{"class":58},[44,32332,32333,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,32334,154],{"class":153},[44,32336,157],{"class":58},[44,32338,1878],{"class":1861},[44,32340,157],{"class":58},[44,32342,5488],{"class":111},[44,32344,1869],{"class":58},[20,32346,330],{},[35,32348,32350],{"className":37,"code":32349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32351,32352,32378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32353,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32355,17118],{"class":111},[44,32357,3105],{"class":58},[44,32359,343],{"class":62},[44,32361,78],{"class":66},[44,32363,343],{"class":62},[44,32365,83],{"class":58},[44,32367,96],{"class":95},[44,32369,83],{"class":58},[44,32371,352],{"class":62},[44,32373,142],{"class":66},[44,32375,343],{"class":62},[44,32377,4015],{"class":58},[44,32379,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32381,4027],{"class":58},[44,32383,343],{"class":62},[44,32385,78],{"class":66},[44,32387,343],{"class":62},[44,32389,83],{"class":58},[44,32391,96],{"class":95},[44,32393,83],{"class":58},[44,32395,352],{"class":62},[44,32397,142],{"class":66},[44,32399,343],{"class":62},[44,32401,3759],{"class":58},[20,32403,32404,32406],{},[15,32405,17152],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32408,179,32410,182],{"id":32409},"what-values-does",[15,32411,17152],{},[192,32413,32414,32417,32420,32423],{},[195,32415,32416],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[195,32418,32419],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[195,32421,32422],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[195,32424,32425],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32427,32428,32429,108],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[395,32430,9507],{"href":397},[30,32432,402],{"id":401},[35,32434,32436],{"className":37,"code":32435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32437,32438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32439,32440,32442,32444,32446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32441,1850],{"class":50},[44,32443,108],{"class":58},[44,32445,5488],{"class":111},[44,32447,1635],{"class":58},[20,32449,13148],{},[192,32451,32452,32456,32459],{},[195,32453,32454,11571],{},[15,32455,17152],{},[195,32457,32458],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[195,32460,32461,32462],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32463,17152],{},[20,32465,32466,32467,4523,32472,108],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[395,32468,32469,32471],{"href":17143},[15,32470,17146],{}," for dictionary keys",[395,32473,32474,32476],{"href":17156},[15,32475,17159],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32478,179,32480,11810],{"id":32479},"what-values-returns",[15,32481,17152],{},[20,32483,32484,22046,32486,24832],{},[15,32485,17152],{},[15,32487,17118],{},[20,32489,32490,32491,32494],{},"This object is a ",[3868,32492,32493],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32496,223],{},[35,32498,32500],{"className":37,"code":32499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32501,32502,32538,32542,32557,32568,32572,32594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32503,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32505,51],{"class":50},[44,32507,55],{"class":54},[44,32509,59],{"class":58},[44,32511,63],{"class":62},[44,32513,67],{"class":66},[44,32515,63],{"class":62},[44,32517,72],{"class":58},[44,32519,75],{"class":62},[44,32521,8052],{"class":66},[44,32523,63],{"class":62},[44,32525,83],{"class":58},[44,32527,75],{"class":62},[44,32529,88],{"class":66},[44,32531,63],{"class":62},[44,32533,72],{"class":58},[44,32535,1164],{"class":95},[44,32537,99],{"class":58},[44,32539,32540],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32541,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,32543,32544,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,32545,32546],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32548,55],{"class":54},[44,32550,1345],{"class":50},[44,32552,108],{"class":58},[44,32554,5488],{"class":111},[44,32556,1635],{"class":58},[44,32558,32559,32561,32563,32566],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,32560,154],{"class":153},[44,32562,157],{"class":58},[44,32564,32565],{"class":111},"values_view",[44,32567,162],{"class":58},[44,32569,32570],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,32571,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,32573,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,32575,105],{"class":50},[44,32577,4027],{"class":58},[44,32579,63],{"class":62},[44,32581,133],{"class":66},[44,32583,63],{"class":62},[44,32585,13368],{"class":58},[44,32587,13371],{"class":54},[44,32589,75],{"class":62},[44,32591,313],{"class":66},[44,32593,3479],{"class":62},[44,32595,32596,32598,32600,32602],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,32597,154],{"class":153},[44,32599,157],{"class":58},[44,32601,32565],{"class":111},[44,32603,162],{"class":58},[20,32605,330],{},[35,32607,32609],{"className":37,"code":32608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32610,32611,32629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32612,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32614,17118],{"class":111},[44,32616,3105],{"class":58},[44,32618,343],{"class":62},[44,32620,8052],{"class":66},[44,32622,343],{"class":62},[44,32624,83],{"class":58},[44,32626,1164],{"class":95},[44,32628,4015],{"class":58},[44,32630,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32632,17118],{"class":111},[44,32634,3105],{"class":58},[44,32636,343],{"class":62},[44,32638,8052],{"class":66},[44,32640,343],{"class":62},[44,32642,83],{"class":58},[44,32644,1164],{"class":95},[44,32646,83],{"class":58},[44,32648,352],{"class":62},[44,32650,313],{"class":66},[44,32652,343],{"class":62},[44,32654,4015],{"class":58},[20,32656,32657,32658,108],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32659,32660],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32662,32664],{"className":37,"code":32663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32665,32666,32702,32721,32725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32667,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692,32694,32696,32698,32700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32669,51],{"class":50},[44,32671,55],{"class":54},[44,32673,59],{"class":58},[44,32675,63],{"class":62},[44,32677,67],{"class":66},[44,32679,63],{"class":62},[44,32681,72],{"class":58},[44,32683,75],{"class":62},[44,32685,8052],{"class":66},[44,32687,63],{"class":62},[44,32689,83],{"class":58},[44,32691,75],{"class":62},[44,32693,88],{"class":66},[44,32695,63],{"class":62},[44,32697,72],{"class":58},[44,32699,1164],{"class":95},[44,32701,99],{"class":58},[44,32703,32704,32707,32709,32711,32713,32715,32717,32719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32705,32706],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32708,55],{"class":54},[44,32710,22630],{"class":1861},[44,32712,157],{"class":58},[44,32714,105],{"class":111},[44,32716,108],{"class":58},[44,32718,5488],{"class":111},[44,32720,7325],{"class":58},[44,32722,32723],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,32724,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,32726,32727,32729,32731,32734],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,32728,154],{"class":153},[44,32730,157],{"class":58},[44,32732,32733],{"class":111},"values_list",[44,32735,162],{"class":58},[20,32737,330],{},[35,32739,32741],{"className":37,"code":32740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32742,32743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32744,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753,32755,32757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32746,4027],{"class":58},[44,32748,343],{"class":62},[44,32750,8052],{"class":66},[44,32752,343],{"class":62},[44,32754,83],{"class":58},[44,32756,1164],{"class":95},[44,32758,3759],{"class":58},[30,32760,11581],{"id":11580},[20,32762,32763],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32765,32767],{"className":37,"code":32766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32768,32769,32823,32827,32841,32845,32855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32770,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32804,32806,32808,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32772,24864],{"class":50},[44,32774,55],{"class":54},[44,32776,59],{"class":58},[44,32778,63],{"class":62},[44,32780,24873],{"class":66},[44,32782,63],{"class":62},[44,32784,72],{"class":58},[44,32786,75],{"class":62},[44,32788,24882],{"class":66},[44,32790,63],{"class":62},[44,32792,83],{"class":58},[44,32794,75],{"class":62},[44,32796,24891],{"class":66},[44,32798,63],{"class":62},[44,32800,72],{"class":58},[44,32802,32803],{"class":95}," 2022",[44,32805,83],{"class":58},[44,32807,75],{"class":62},[44,32809,32810],{"class":66},"color",[44,32812,63],{"class":62},[44,32814,72],{"class":58},[44,32816,75],{"class":62},[44,32818,13206],{"class":66},[44,32820,63],{"class":62},[44,32822,99],{"class":58},[44,32824,32825],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32826,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,32828,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,32830,1340],{"class":50},[44,32832,55],{"class":54},[44,32834,24913],{"class":50},[44,32836,108],{"class":58},[44,32838,5488],{"class":111},[44,32840,1635],{"class":58},[44,32842,32843],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,32844,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,32846,32847,32849,32851,32853],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,32848,154],{"class":153},[44,32850,157],{"class":58},[44,32852,1376],{"class":111},[44,32854,162],{"class":58},[44,32856,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,32858,154],{"class":153},[44,32860,157],{"class":58},[44,32862,1878],{"class":1861},[44,32864,157],{"class":58},[44,32866,1376],{"class":111},[44,32868,1869],{"class":58},[20,32870,330],{},[35,32872,32874],{"className":37,"code":32873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32875,32876,32902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32877,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32879,17118],{"class":111},[44,32881,3105],{"class":58},[44,32883,343],{"class":62},[44,32885,24882],{"class":66},[44,32887,343],{"class":62},[44,32889,83],{"class":58},[44,32891,32803],{"class":95},[44,32893,83],{"class":58},[44,32895,352],{"class":62},[44,32897,13206],{"class":66},[44,32899,343],{"class":62},[44,32901,4015],{"class":58},[44,32903,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912,32914,32916,32918,32920,32922,32924],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,32905,4027],{"class":58},[44,32907,343],{"class":62},[44,32909,24882],{"class":66},[44,32911,343],{"class":62},[44,32913,83],{"class":58},[44,32915,32803],{"class":95},[44,32917,83],{"class":58},[44,32919,352],{"class":62},[44,32921,13206],{"class":66},[44,32923,343],{"class":62},[44,32925,3759],{"class":58},[20,32927,11788],{},[192,32929,32930,32936,32942,32950],{},[195,32931,32932,32935],{},[15,32933,32934],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[195,32937,32938,32941],{},[15,32939,32940],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[195,32943,32944,32947,32948,24688],{},[15,32945,32946],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32949,17118],{},[195,32951,32952,32955],{},[15,32953,32954],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,32957,32959],{"id":32958},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32961,32962,32963,26133],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32964,6087],{},[35,32966,32968],{"className":37,"code":32967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32969,32970,33014,33018,33034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32971,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32973,811],{"class":50},[44,32975,55],{"class":54},[44,32977,59],{"class":58},[44,32979,63],{"class":62},[44,32981,820],{"class":66},[44,32983,63],{"class":62},[44,32985,72],{"class":58},[44,32987,827],{"class":95},[44,32989,83],{"class":58},[44,32991,75],{"class":62},[44,32993,862],{"class":66},[44,32995,63],{"class":62},[44,32997,72],{"class":58},[44,32999,851],{"class":95},[44,33001,83],{"class":58},[44,33003,75],{"class":62},[44,33005,844],{"class":66},[44,33007,63],{"class":62},[44,33009,72],{"class":58},[44,33011,869],{"class":95},[44,33013,99],{"class":58},[44,33015,33016],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33017,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33019,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33021,6087],{"class":4002},[44,33023,21655],{"class":50},[44,33025,4009],{"class":4002},[44,33027,5241],{"class":50},[44,33029,108],{"class":58},[44,33031,5488],{"class":111},[44,33033,21666],{"class":58},[44,33035,33036,33038,33040,33042],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,33037,8200],{"class":153},[44,33039,157],{"class":58},[44,33041,2590],{"class":111},[44,33043,162],{"class":58},[20,33045,330],{},[35,33047,33049],{"className":37,"code":33048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33050,33051,33056,33061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33052,33053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33054,33055],{"class":95},"90\n",[44,33057,33058],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33059,33060],{"class":95},"85\n",[44,33062,33063],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33064,33065],{"class":95},"88\n",[20,33067,17789],{},[192,33069,33070,33073,33076],{},[195,33071,33072],{},"You only need the values",[195,33074,33075],{},"You do not care about the keys",[195,33077,33078],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33080,33081,33082,2997,33086,108],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[395,33083,10848,33084,10852],{"href":17156},[15,33085,17159],{},[395,33087,22545],{"href":33088},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,33090,33092],{"id":33091},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33094,172,33095,33097],{},[15,33096,32660],{}," when you need a list.",[35,33099,33101],{"className":37,"code":33100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33102,33103,33149,33153,33173,33177,33188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33104,33105,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132,33134,33136,33138,33141,33143,33145,33147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33106,33107],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,33109,55],{"class":54},[44,33111,59],{"class":58},[44,33113,63],{"class":62},[44,33115,4207],{"class":66},[44,33117,63],{"class":62},[44,33119,72],{"class":58},[44,33121,1012],{"class":95},[44,33123,83],{"class":58},[44,33125,75],{"class":62},[44,33127,4216],{"class":66},[44,33129,63],{"class":62},[44,33131,72],{"class":58},[44,33133,504],{"class":95},[44,33135,83],{"class":58},[44,33137,75],{"class":62},[44,33139,33140],{"class":66},"orange",[44,33142,63],{"class":62},[44,33144,72],{"class":58},[44,33146,1017],{"class":95},[44,33148,99],{"class":58},[44,33150,33151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33152,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33154,33155,33158,33160,33162,33164,33167,33169,33171],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33156,33157],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,33159,55],{"class":54},[44,33161,22630],{"class":1861},[44,33163,157],{"class":58},[44,33165,33166],{"class":111},"fruit_prices",[44,33168,108],{"class":58},[44,33170,5488],{"class":111},[44,33172,7325],{"class":58},[44,33174,33175],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,33176,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33178,33179,33181,33183,33186],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,33180,154],{"class":153},[44,33182,157],{"class":58},[44,33184,33185],{"class":111},"price_list",[44,33187,162],{"class":58},[44,33189,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198,33200],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,33191,154],{"class":153},[44,33193,157],{"class":58},[44,33195,33185],{"class":111},[44,33197,4027],{"class":58},[44,33199,2237],{"class":95},[44,33201,4015],{"class":58},[20,33203,330],{},[35,33205,33207],{"className":37,"code":33206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33208,33209,33225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33210,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33212,4027],{"class":58},[44,33214,2173],{"class":95},[44,33216,83],{"class":58},[44,33218,504],{"class":95},[44,33220,83],{"class":58},[44,33222,1017],{"class":95},[44,33224,3759],{"class":58},[44,33226,33227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33228,17137],{"class":95},[20,33230,33231],{},"This is helpful for:",[192,33233,33234,33237,33240],{},[195,33235,33236],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[195,33238,33239],{},"Accessing values by index",[195,33241,33242],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33244,4052,33245,33247],{},[15,33246,17118],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,33249,33251,10698,33253,10698,33255],{"id":33250},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33252,17152],{},[15,33254,17146],{},[15,33256,17159],{},[20,33258,33259],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[192,33261,33262,33267,33272],{},[195,33263,33264,33266],{},[15,33265,17152],{}," returns only the values",[195,33268,33269,33271],{},[15,33270,17146],{}," returns only the keys",[195,33273,33274,33276],{},[15,33275,17159],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33278,2243],{},[35,33280,33282],{"className":37,"code":33281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33283,33284,33320,33324,33338,33352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33285,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33287,233],{"class":50},[44,33289,55],{"class":54},[44,33291,59],{"class":58},[44,33293,63],{"class":62},[44,33295,67],{"class":66},[44,33297,63],{"class":62},[44,33299,72],{"class":58},[44,33301,75],{"class":62},[44,33303,78],{"class":66},[44,33305,63],{"class":62},[44,33307,83],{"class":58},[44,33309,75],{"class":62},[44,33311,88],{"class":66},[44,33313,63],{"class":62},[44,33315,72],{"class":58},[44,33317,96],{"class":95},[44,33319,99],{"class":58},[44,33321,33322],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33323,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33325,33326,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33327,154],{"class":153},[44,33329,157],{"class":58},[44,33331,277],{"class":111},[44,33333,108],{"class":58},[44,33335,17004],{"class":111},[44,33337,7325],{"class":58},[44,33339,33340,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,33341,154],{"class":153},[44,33343,157],{"class":58},[44,33345,277],{"class":111},[44,33347,108],{"class":58},[44,33349,5488],{"class":111},[44,33351,7325],{"class":58},[44,33353,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,33355,154],{"class":153},[44,33357,157],{"class":58},[44,33359,277],{"class":111},[44,33361,108],{"class":58},[44,33363,7940],{"class":111},[44,33365,7325],{"class":58},[20,33367,330],{},[35,33369,33371],{"className":37,"code":33370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33372,33373,33395,33413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33374,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33376,17095],{"class":111},[44,33378,3105],{"class":58},[44,33380,343],{"class":62},[44,33382,67],{"class":66},[44,33384,343],{"class":62},[44,33386,83],{"class":58},[44,33388,352],{"class":62},[44,33390,88],{"class":66},[44,33392,343],{"class":62},[44,33394,4015],{"class":58},[44,33396,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33398,17118],{"class":111},[44,33400,3105],{"class":58},[44,33402,343],{"class":62},[44,33404,78],{"class":66},[44,33406,343],{"class":62},[44,33408,83],{"class":58},[44,33410,96],{"class":95},[44,33412,4015],{"class":58},[44,33414,33415,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33416,21979],{"class":111},[44,33418,9773],{"class":58},[44,33420,343],{"class":62},[44,33422,67],{"class":66},[44,33424,343],{"class":62},[44,33426,83],{"class":58},[44,33428,96],{"class":95},[44,33430,10791],{"class":58},[20,33432,18771],{},[192,33434,33435,33442,33449],{},[195,33436,33437,33441],{},[395,33438,33439],{"href":17143},[15,33440,17146],{}," when you need just the keys",[195,33443,33444,33448],{},[395,33445,33446],{"href":17149},[15,33447,17152],{}," when you need just the values",[195,33450,33451,33455],{},[395,33452,33453],{"href":17156},[15,33454,17159],{}," when you need both",[30,33457,4649],{"id":4648},[20,33459,33460,33461,108],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33462,17152],{},[1960,33464,29716,33466,33468],{"id":33465},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33467,17152],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33470,33471,33473],{},[15,33472,17152],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33475,16725],{},[35,33477,33479],{"className":37,"code":33478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33480,33481,33501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33482,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33484,8439],{"class":50},[44,33486,55],{"class":54},[44,33488,3746],{"class":58},[44,33490,3108],{"class":95},[44,33492,83],{"class":58},[44,33494,1012],{"class":95},[44,33496,83],{"class":58},[44,33498,1017],{"class":95},[44,33500,3759],{"class":58},[44,33502,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33504,154],{"class":153},[44,33506,157],{"class":58},[44,33508,8470],{"class":111},[44,33510,108],{"class":58},[44,33512,5488],{"class":111},[44,33514,7325],{"class":58},[20,33516,33517,33518,33520],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33519,17152],{}," method.",[20,33522,33523],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33525,33527],{"className":37,"code":33526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33528,33529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33530,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33532,154],{"class":153},[44,33534,157],{"class":58},[44,33536,1862],{"class":1861},[44,33538,157],{"class":58},[44,33540,8470],{"class":111},[44,33542,1869],{"class":58},[20,33544,33545,33546,33548,33549,108],{},"If you get an ",[15,33547,25740],{},", see ",[395,33550,25748,33551,33553],{"href":25747},[15,33552,25751],{}," errors",[1960,33555,4710,33557,33559],{"id":33556},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33558,17152],{}," returns a list",[20,33561,33562],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33564,33566],{"className":37,"code":33565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33567,33568,33604,33618,33622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33569,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33571,233],{"class":50},[44,33573,55],{"class":54},[44,33575,59],{"class":58},[44,33577,63],{"class":62},[44,33579,67],{"class":66},[44,33581,63],{"class":62},[44,33583,72],{"class":58},[44,33585,75],{"class":62},[44,33587,78],{"class":66},[44,33589,63],{"class":62},[44,33591,83],{"class":58},[44,33593,75],{"class":62},[44,33595,88],{"class":66},[44,33597,63],{"class":62},[44,33599,72],{"class":58},[44,33601,96],{"class":95},[44,33603,99],{"class":58},[44,33605,33606,33608,33610,33612,33614,33616],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33607,3948],{"class":50},[44,33609,55],{"class":54},[44,33611,13003],{"class":50},[44,33613,108],{"class":58},[44,33615,5488],{"class":111},[44,33617,1635],{"class":58},[44,33619,33620],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33621,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33623,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,33625,154],{"class":153},[44,33627,157],{"class":58},[44,33629,1862],{"class":1861},[44,33631,157],{"class":58},[44,33633,5488],{"class":111},[44,33635,1869],{"class":58},[20,33637,330],{},[35,33639,33641],{"className":37,"code":33640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33642,33643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33644,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33646,3411],{"class":54},[44,33648,3414],{"class":2182},[44,33650,352],{"class":62},[44,33652,17118],{"class":66},[44,33654,343],{"class":62},[44,33656,3423],{"class":54},[20,33658,214,33659,33661],{},[15,33660,17118],{},", not a list.",[20,33663,33664],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33666,33668],{"className":37,"code":33667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33669,33670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33671,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33673,3948],{"class":50},[44,33675,55],{"class":54},[44,33677,22630],{"class":1861},[44,33679,157],{"class":58},[44,33681,277],{"class":111},[44,33683,108],{"class":58},[44,33685,5488],{"class":111},[44,33687,7325],{"class":58},[1960,33689,33691,33692],{"id":33690},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33693,17118],{},[20,33695,33696],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33698,33700],{"className":37,"code":33699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33701,33702,33738,33752,33756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33703,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33705,233],{"class":50},[44,33707,55],{"class":54},[44,33709,59],{"class":58},[44,33711,63],{"class":62},[44,33713,67],{"class":66},[44,33715,63],{"class":62},[44,33717,72],{"class":58},[44,33719,75],{"class":62},[44,33721,78],{"class":66},[44,33723,63],{"class":62},[44,33725,83],{"class":58},[44,33727,75],{"class":62},[44,33729,88],{"class":66},[44,33731,63],{"class":62},[44,33733,72],{"class":58},[44,33735,96],{"class":95},[44,33737,99],{"class":58},[44,33739,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748,33750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33741,3948],{"class":50},[44,33743,55],{"class":54},[44,33745,13003],{"class":50},[44,33747,108],{"class":58},[44,33749,5488],{"class":111},[44,33751,1635],{"class":58},[44,33753,33754],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33755,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33757,33758],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,33759,33760],{"class":168},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33762,33763],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33765,33767],{"className":37,"code":33766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33768,33769,33805,33823,33827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33770,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33772,233],{"class":50},[44,33774,55],{"class":54},[44,33776,59],{"class":58},[44,33778,63],{"class":62},[44,33780,67],{"class":66},[44,33782,63],{"class":62},[44,33784,72],{"class":58},[44,33786,75],{"class":62},[44,33788,78],{"class":66},[44,33790,63],{"class":62},[44,33792,83],{"class":58},[44,33794,75],{"class":62},[44,33796,88],{"class":66},[44,33798,63],{"class":62},[44,33800,72],{"class":58},[44,33802,96],{"class":95},[44,33804,99],{"class":58},[44,33806,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33808,3948],{"class":50},[44,33810,55],{"class":54},[44,33812,22630],{"class":1861},[44,33814,157],{"class":58},[44,33816,277],{"class":111},[44,33818,108],{"class":58},[44,33820,5488],{"class":111},[44,33822,7325],{"class":58},[44,33824,33825],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33826,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33828,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,33830,154],{"class":153},[44,33832,157],{"class":58},[44,33834,5488],{"class":111},[44,33836,4027],{"class":58},[44,33838,2237],{"class":95},[44,33840,4015],{"class":58},[1960,33842,567,33844,11202,33846],{"id":33843},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33845,5488],{},[15,33847,17152],{},[20,33849,33850],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33852,33854],{"className":37,"code":33853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33855,33856,33892,33896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33857,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888,33890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33859,233],{"class":50},[44,33861,55],{"class":54},[44,33863,59],{"class":58},[44,33865,63],{"class":62},[44,33867,67],{"class":66},[44,33869,63],{"class":62},[44,33871,72],{"class":58},[44,33873,75],{"class":62},[44,33875,78],{"class":66},[44,33877,63],{"class":62},[44,33879,83],{"class":58},[44,33881,75],{"class":62},[44,33883,88],{"class":66},[44,33885,63],{"class":62},[44,33887,72],{"class":58},[44,33889,96],{"class":95},[44,33891,99],{"class":58},[44,33893,33894],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33895,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,33897,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,33899,154],{"class":153},[44,33901,157],{"class":58},[44,33903,277],{"class":111},[44,33905,108],{"class":58},[44,33907,5488],{"class":1923},[44,33909,162],{"class":58},[20,33911,33912,33915],{},[15,33913,33914],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33917,18771],{},[35,33919,33921],{"className":37,"code":33920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33922,33923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33924,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33926,154],{"class":153},[44,33928,157],{"class":58},[44,33930,277],{"class":111},[44,33932,108],{"class":58},[44,33934,5488],{"class":111},[44,33936,7325],{"class":58},[1960,33938,33940],{"id":33939},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33942,33943],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33945,33947],{"className":37,"code":33946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33948,33949,33981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33950,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33952,489],{"class":50},[44,33954,55],{"class":54},[44,33956,59],{"class":58},[44,33958,63],{"class":62},[44,33960,395],{"class":66},[44,33962,63],{"class":62},[44,33964,72],{"class":58},[44,33966,504],{"class":95},[44,33968,83],{"class":58},[44,33970,75],{"class":62},[44,33972,1005],{"class":66},[44,33974,63],{"class":62},[44,33976,72],{"class":58},[44,33978,1012],{"class":95},[44,33980,99],{"class":58},[44,33982,33983,33985,33987,33989,33991,33993],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,33984,154],{"class":153},[44,33986,157],{"class":58},[44,33988,511],{"class":111},[44,33990,108],{"class":58},[44,33992,5488],{"class":111},[44,33994,7325],{"class":58},[20,33996,33997],{},"Not like this:",[35,33999,34001],{"className":37,"code":34000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34002,34003,34008,34013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34004,34005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34006,34007],{"class":168},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,34009,34010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34011,34012],{"class":168},"# data().values()\n",[44,34014,34015],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,34016,34017],{"class":168},"# values(data)\n",[20,34019,3460],{},[35,34021,34023],{"className":37,"code":34022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34024,34025,34039,34049,34063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34026,34027,34029,34031,34033,34035,34037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34028,154],{"class":153},[44,34030,157],{"class":58},[44,34032,1862],{"class":1861},[44,34034,157],{"class":58},[44,34036,1850],{"class":111},[44,34038,1869],{"class":58},[44,34040,34041,34043,34045,34047],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34042,154],{"class":153},[44,34044,157],{"class":58},[44,34046,1850],{"class":111},[44,34048,162],{"class":58},[44,34050,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,34052,154],{"class":153},[44,34054,157],{"class":58},[44,34056,1850],{"class":111},[44,34058,108],{"class":58},[44,34060,5488],{"class":111},[44,34062,7325],{"class":58},[44,34064,34065,34067,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,34066,154],{"class":153},[44,34068,157],{"class":58},[44,34070,1878],{"class":1861},[44,34072,157],{"class":58},[44,34074,1850],{"class":111},[44,34076,108],{"class":58},[44,34078,5488],{"class":111},[44,34080,6419],{"class":58},[30,34082,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,34084,5273,34086,5276],{"id":34085},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34087,32239],{},[20,34089,17500,34090,34092],{},[15,34091,17118],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1960,34094,1963,34096,24002],{"id":34095},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34097,17152],{},[20,34099,24005,34100,24009],{},[15,34101,34102],{},"list(...)",[1960,34104,26125,34106,2610],{"id":34105},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34107,32239],{},[20,34109,34110,34111,26133],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34112,6087],{},[1960,34114,1963,34116,34118],{"id":34115},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34117,32239],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34120,34121],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1960,34123,34125,34126,34128,34129,2610],{"id":34124},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34127,17152],{}," different from ",[15,34130,17159],{},[20,34132,34133,34135,34136,34138],{},[15,34134,17152],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34137,17159],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,34140,2020],{"id":2019},[192,34142,34143,34149,34155,34159,34165,34169],{},[195,34144,34145],{},[395,34146,10848,34147,10852],{"href":17143},[15,34148,17146],{},[195,34150,34151],{},[395,34152,10848,34153,10852],{"href":17156},[15,34154,17159],{},[195,34156,34157],{},[395,34158,11352],{"href":397},[195,34160,34161],{},[395,34162,34164],{"href":34163},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[195,34166,34167],{},[395,34168,24087],{"href":33088},[195,34170,34171],{},[395,34172,30414,34173],{"href":25747},[15,34174,34175],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2048,34177,34178],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":34180},[34181,34182,34184,34185,34187,34188,34189,34190,34192,34203,34215],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":32409,"depth":102,"text":34183},"What values() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":32479,"depth":102,"text":34186},"What values() returns",{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":32958,"depth":102,"text":32959},{"id":33091,"depth":102,"text":33092},{"id":33250,"depth":102,"text":34191},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":34193},[34194,34196,34198,34200,34202],{"id":33465,"depth":150,"text":34195},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33556,"depth":150,"text":34197},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33690,"depth":150,"text":34199},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33843,"depth":150,"text":34201},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33939,"depth":150,"text":33940},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":34204},[34205,34207,34209,34211,34213],{"id":34085,"depth":150,"text":34206},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34095,"depth":150,"text":34208},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34105,"depth":150,"text":34210},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34115,"depth":150,"text":34212},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34124,"depth":150,"text":34214},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32226,"description":34216},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34222,"title":34223,"body":34224,"description":35655,"extension":2080,"meta":35656,"navigation":682,"path":35657,"seo":35658,"stem":35659,"__hash__":35660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34225,"toc":35607},[34226,34232,34237,34240,34256,34265,34267,34299,34305,34308,34403,34406,34411,34416,34419,34430,34432,34446,34452,34454,34459,34465,34468,34507,34515,34520,34523,34568,34571,34583,34589,34595,34599,34632,34635,34653,34656,34660,34699,34701,34721,34724,34736,34741,34747,34750,34805,34808,34819,34822,34833,34836,34840,34846,34848,34878,34881,34896,34899,34902,34921,34924,34940,34949,34951,34982,34988,34993,34996,35003,35034,35037,35059,35062,35065,35079,35083,35114,35129,35136,35143,35147,35155,35159,35167,35170,35219,35230,35232,35235,35241,35246,35256,35260,35263,35266,35270,35273,35275,35296,35300,35306,35317,35323,35325,35331,35355,35358,35421,35424,35452,35455,35517,35519,35524,35527,35534,35542,35549,35552,35560,35566,35568,35595,35604],[10,34227,3697,34229,3701],{"id":34228},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34230,34231],{},"dir()",[20,34233,32236,34234,34236],{},[15,34235,34231],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34238,34239],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[192,34241,34242,34245,34248,34253],{},[195,34243,34244],{},"learning Python",[195,34246,34247],{},"exploring a new object",[195,34249,34250,34251],{},"debugging an ",[15,34252,25740],{},[195,34254,34255],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34257,34258,34259,34261,34262],{},"In short, ",[15,34260,34231],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3868,34263,34264],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34266,33],{"id":32},[35,34268,34270],{"className":37,"code":34269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34271,34272,34284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34273,34274,34276,34278,34280,34282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34275,8007],{"class":50},[44,34277,55],{"class":54},[44,34279,75],{"class":62},[44,34281,3971],{"class":66},[44,34283,3479],{"class":62},[44,34285,34286,34288,34290,34293,34295,34297],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34287,154],{"class":153},[44,34289,157],{"class":58},[44,34291,34292],{"class":153},"dir",[44,34294,157],{"class":58},[44,34296,67],{"class":111},[44,34298,1869],{"class":58},[20,34300,172,34301,34304],{},[15,34302,34303],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34306,34307],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34309,34311],{"className":37,"code":34310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34312,34313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34314,34315,34317,34319,34322,34324,34326,34328,34331,34333,34335,34337,34340,34342,34344,34346,34349,34351,34353,34355,34358,34360,34362,34364,34367,34369,34371,34375,34377,34379,34381,34383,34385,34387,34390,34392,34394,34396,34399,34401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34316,4027],{"class":58},[44,34318,343],{"class":62},[44,34320,34321],{"class":66},"__add__",[44,34323,343],{"class":62},[44,34325,83],{"class":58},[44,34327,352],{"class":62},[44,34329,34330],{"class":66},"__class__",[44,34332,343],{"class":62},[44,34334,83],{"class":58},[44,34336,352],{"class":62},[44,34338,34339],{"class":66},"__contains__",[44,34341,343],{"class":62},[44,34343,83],{"class":58},[44,34345,352],{"class":62},[44,34347,34348],{"class":66},"__delattr__",[44,34350,343],{"class":62},[44,34352,83],{"class":58},[44,34354,352],{"class":62},[44,34356,34357],{"class":66},"__dir__",[44,34359,343],{"class":62},[44,34361,83],{"class":58},[44,34363,352],{"class":62},[44,34365,34366],{"class":66},"__doc__",[44,34368,343],{"class":62},[44,34370,83],{"class":58},[44,34372,34374],{"class":34373},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,34376,83],{"class":58},[44,34378,352],{"class":62},[44,34380,8771],{"class":66},[44,34382,343],{"class":62},[44,34384,83],{"class":58},[44,34386,352],{"class":62},[44,34388,34389],{"class":66},"split",[44,34391,343],{"class":62},[44,34393,83],{"class":58},[44,34395,352],{"class":62},[44,34397,34398],{"class":66},"upper",[44,34400,343],{"class":62},[44,34402,3759],{"class":58},[20,34404,34405],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34407,179,34409,182],{"id":34408},"what-dir-does",[15,34410,34231],{},[20,34412,34413,34415],{},[15,34414,34231],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34417,34418],{},"It usually includes:",[192,34420,34421,34424,34427],{},[195,34422,34423],{},"attributes",[195,34425,34426],{},"methods",[195,34428,34429],{},"special Python names",[20,34431,11564],{},[192,34433,34434,34440,34443],{},[195,34435,34436,34437],{},"The result is a ",[3868,34438,34439],{},"list of strings",[195,34441,34442],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[195,34444,34445],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34447,34448,34449,34451],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34450,34231],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34453,402],{"id":401},[20,34455,34456,34458],{},[15,34457,34231],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1960,34460,34462,34464],{"id":34461},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34463,34231],{}," with no argument",[20,34466,34467],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34469,34471],{"className":37,"code":34470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34472,34473,34481,34493,34497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34474,34475,34477,34479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34476,3145],{"class":50},[44,34478,55],{"class":54},[44,34480,2706],{"class":95},[44,34482,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34484,8007],{"class":50},[44,34486,55],{"class":54},[44,34488,75],{"class":62},[44,34490,470],{"class":66},[44,34492,3479],{"class":62},[44,34494,34495],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,34496,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,34498,34499,34501,34503,34505],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,34500,154],{"class":153},[44,34502,157],{"class":58},[44,34504,34292],{"class":153},[44,34506,7325],{"class":58},[20,34508,34509,34510,4523,34512,34514],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34511,2291],{},[15,34513,67],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1960,34516,34518],{"id":34517},"dirobject",[15,34519,34303],{},[20,34521,34522],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34524,34526],{"className":37,"code":34525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34527,34528,34546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34529,34530,34532,34534,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34531,154],{"class":153},[44,34533,157],{"class":58},[44,34535,34292],{"class":153},[44,34537,157],{"class":58},[44,34539,63],{"class":62},[44,34541,3971],{"class":66},[44,34543,63],{"class":62},[44,34545,1869],{"class":58},[44,34547,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34566],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34549,154],{"class":153},[44,34551,157],{"class":58},[44,34553,34292],{"class":153},[44,34555,3105],{"class":58},[44,34557,3108],{"class":95},[44,34559,83],{"class":58},[44,34561,1012],{"class":95},[44,34563,83],{"class":58},[44,34565,1017],{"class":95},[44,34567,3119],{"class":58},[20,34569,34570],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[192,34572,34573,34575,34577,34580],{},[195,34574,5438],{},[195,34576,5429],{},[195,34578,34579],{},"modules",[195,34581,34582],{},"custom objects",[30,34584,567,34586,34588],{"id":34585},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34587,34231],{}," with a value",[20,34590,34591,34592,34594],{},"A common use of ",[15,34593,34231],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1960,34596,34598],{"id":34597},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34600,34602],{"className":37,"code":34601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34603,34604,34617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34605,34606,34609,34611,34613,34615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34607,34608],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34610,55],{"class":54},[44,34612,75],{"class":62},[44,34614,3971],{"class":66},[44,34616,3479],{"class":62},[44,34618,34619,34621,34623,34625,34627,34630],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34620,154],{"class":153},[44,34622,157],{"class":58},[44,34624,34292],{"class":153},[44,34626,157],{"class":58},[44,34628,34629],{"class":111},"text",[44,34631,1869],{"class":58},[20,34633,34634],{},"You will see method names like:",[192,34636,34637,34641,34645,34649],{},[195,34638,34639],{},[15,34640,8771],{},[195,34642,34643],{},[15,34644,34398],{},[195,34646,34647],{},[15,34648,34389],{},[195,34650,34651],{},[15,34652,8765],{},[20,34654,34655],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1960,34657,34659],{"id":34658},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34661,34663],{"className":37,"code":34662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34664,34665,34685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34666,34667,34669,34671,34673,34675,34677,34679,34681,34683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34668,3741],{"class":50},[44,34670,55],{"class":54},[44,34672,3746],{"class":58},[44,34674,3108],{"class":95},[44,34676,83],{"class":58},[44,34678,1012],{"class":95},[44,34680,83],{"class":58},[44,34682,1017],{"class":95},[44,34684,3759],{"class":58},[44,34686,34687,34689,34691,34693,34695,34697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34688,154],{"class":153},[44,34690,157],{"class":58},[44,34692,34292],{"class":153},[44,34694,157],{"class":58},[44,34696,3773],{"class":111},[44,34698,1869],{"class":58},[20,34700,34634],{},[192,34702,34703,34707,34711,34716],{},[195,34704,34705],{},[15,34706,13646],{},[195,34708,34709],{},[15,34710,26309],{},[195,34712,34713],{},[15,34714,34715],{},"remove",[195,34717,34718],{},[15,34719,34720],{},"sort",[20,34722,34723],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34725,34726,34727,34732,34733,34735],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[395,34728,34730],{"href":34729},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34731,2419],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34734,34231],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34737,567,34739,34464],{"id":34738},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34740,34231],{},[20,34742,34743,34744,34746],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34745,34231],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34748,34749],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34751,34753],{"className":37,"code":34752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34754,34755,34764,34768,34779,34791,34795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34756,34757,34759,34761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34758,3145],{"class":50},[44,34760,55],{"class":54},[44,34762,34763],{"class":95}," 5\n",[44,34765,34766],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34767,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,34769,34770,34773,34777],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,34771,34772],{"class":2182},"def",[44,34774,34776],{"class":34775},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34778,21666],{"class":58},[44,34780,34781,34784,34786,34789],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,34782,34783],{"class":4002},"    return",[44,34785,75],{"class":62},[44,34787,34788],{"class":66},"Hello",[44,34790,3479],{"class":62},[44,34792,34793],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,34794,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,34796,34797,34799,34801,34803],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,34798,154],{"class":153},[44,34800,157],{"class":58},[44,34802,34292],{"class":153},[44,34804,7325],{"class":58},[20,34806,34807],{},"The output will include names like:",[192,34809,34810,34814],{},[195,34811,34812],{},[15,34813,2291],{},[195,34815,34816],{},[15,34817,34818],{},"greet",[20,34820,34821],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[192,34823,34824,34827,34830],{},[195,34825,34826],{},"what variables exist",[195,34828,34829],{},"what functions you have defined",[195,34831,34832],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34834,34835],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,34837,34839],{"id":34838},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34841,34842,34843,34845],{},"When you first use ",[15,34844,34231],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34847,223],{},[35,34849,34850],{"className":37,"code":34601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34851,34852,34864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34853,34854,34856,34858,34860,34862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34855,34608],{"class":50},[44,34857,55],{"class":54},[44,34859,75],{"class":62},[44,34861,3971],{"class":66},[44,34863,3479],{"class":62},[44,34865,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874,34876],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34867,154],{"class":153},[44,34869,157],{"class":58},[44,34871,34292],{"class":153},[44,34873,157],{"class":58},[44,34875,34629],{"class":111},[44,34877,1869],{"class":58},[20,34879,34880],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[192,34882,34883,34887,34891],{},[195,34884,34885],{},[15,34886,34330],{},[195,34888,34889],{},[15,34890,34366],{},[195,34892,34893],{},[15,34894,34895],{},"__len__",[20,34897,34898],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34900,34901],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[192,34903,34904,34908,34912,34916],{},[195,34905,34906],{},[15,34907,34398],{},[195,34909,34910],{},[15,34911,8771],{},[195,34913,34914],{},[15,34915,34389],{},[195,34917,34918],{},[15,34919,34920],{},"replace",[20,34922,34923],{},"A key point to remember:",[192,34925,34926,34934],{},[195,34927,34928,34930,34931],{},[15,34929,34231],{}," lists ",[3868,34932,34933],{},"names only",[195,34935,34936,34937,34939],{},"it does ",[3868,34938,4762],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34941,34942,34943,108],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[395,34944,34946],{"href":34945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34947,34948],{},"help()",[20,34950,5602],{},[35,34952,34954],{"className":37,"code":34953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34955,34956,34968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34957,34958,34960,34962,34964,34966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34959,8007],{"class":50},[44,34961,55],{"class":54},[44,34963,75],{"class":62},[44,34965,3971],{"class":66},[44,34967,3479],{"class":62},[44,34969,34970,34972,34974,34976,34978,34980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,34971,1913],{"class":153},[44,34973,157],{"class":58},[44,34975,67],{"class":111},[44,34977,108],{"class":58},[44,34979,34398],{"class":1923},[44,34981,162],{"class":58},[30,34983,34985,34987],{"id":34984},"dir-on-modules",[15,34986,34231],{}," on modules",[20,34989,15799,34990,34992],{},[15,34991,34231],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34994,34995],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1960,34997,34999,35000,35002],{"id":34998},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35001,820],{}," module",[35,35004,35006],{"className":37,"code":35005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35007,35008,35016,35020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35009,35010,35013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35011,35012],{"class":4002},"import",[44,35014,35015],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,35017,35018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35019,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35021,35022,35024,35026,35028,35030,35032],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35023,154],{"class":153},[44,35025,157],{"class":58},[44,35027,34292],{"class":153},[44,35029,157],{"class":58},[44,35031,820],{"class":111},[44,35033,1869],{"class":58},[20,35035,35036],{},"You may see names like:",[192,35038,35039,35044,35049,35054],{},[195,35040,35041],{},[15,35042,35043],{},"sqrt",[195,35045,35046],{},[15,35047,35048],{},"ceil",[195,35050,35051],{},[15,35052,35053],{},"floor",[195,35055,35056],{},[15,35057,35058],{},"pi",[20,35060,35061],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35063,35064],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[192,35066,35067,35073],{},[195,35068,35069],{},[395,35070,35072],{"href":35071},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[195,35074,35075],{},[395,35076,35078],{"href":35077},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1960,35080,35082],{"id":35081},"another-example","Another example",[35,35084,35086],{"className":37,"code":35085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35087,35088,35095,35099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35089,35090,35092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35091,35012],{"class":4002},[44,35093,35094],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,35096,35097],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35098,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35100,35101,35103,35105,35107,35109,35112],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35102,154],{"class":153},[44,35104,157],{"class":58},[44,35106,34292],{"class":153},[44,35108,157],{"class":58},[44,35110,35111],{"class":111},"json",[44,35113,1869],{"class":58},[20,35115,35116,35117,2307,35120,2307,35123,17153,35126,108],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35118,35119],{},"dump",[15,35121,35122],{},"dumps",[15,35124,35125],{},"load",[15,35127,35128],{},"loads",[30,35130,35132,10698,35134],{"id":35131},"dir-vs-help",[15,35133,34231],{},[15,35135,34948],{},[20,35137,35138,4523,35140,35142],{},[15,35139,34231],{},[15,35141,34948],{}," are often used together.",[1960,35144,35145],{"id":34292},[15,35146,34231],{},[192,35148,35149,35152],{},[195,35150,35151],{},"shows available names",[195,35153,35154],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1960,35156,35157],{"id":1913},[15,35158,34948],{},[192,35160,35161,35164],{},[195,35162,35163],{},"explains what an object or function does",[195,35165,35166],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35168,35169],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,35171,35173],{"className":37,"code":35172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35174,35175,35187,35191,35205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35176,35177,35179,35181,35183,35185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35178,8007],{"class":50},[44,35180,55],{"class":54},[44,35182,75],{"class":62},[44,35184,3971],{"class":66},[44,35186,3479],{"class":62},[44,35188,35189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35190,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35192,35193,35195,35197,35199,35201,35203],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35194,154],{"class":153},[44,35196,157],{"class":58},[44,35198,34292],{"class":153},[44,35200,157],{"class":58},[44,35202,67],{"class":111},[44,35204,1869],{"class":58},[44,35206,35207,35209,35211,35213,35215,35217],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,35208,1913],{"class":153},[44,35210,157],{"class":58},[44,35212,67],{"class":111},[44,35214,108],{"class":58},[44,35216,34398],{"class":1923},[44,35218,162],{"class":58},[20,35220,172,35221,35223,35224,35226,35227,35229],{},[15,35222,34231],{}," first to find a method name.",[9961,35225],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35228,34948],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,35231,25426],{"id":25425},[20,35233,35234],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1960,35236,35238,35240],{"id":35237},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35239,34231],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35242,35243,35245],{},[15,35244,34231],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35247,35248,35249,35251,35252,35255],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35250,34398],{}," in ",[15,35253,35254],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1960,35257,35259],{"id":35258},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35261,35262],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35264,35265],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1960,35267,35269],{"id":35268},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35271,35272],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35274,5602],{},[192,35276,35277,35282,35288],{},[195,35278,35279,35281],{},[15,35280,35254],{}," shows string-related names",[195,35283,35284,35287],{},[15,35285,35286],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[195,35289,35290,35293,35294,35002],{},[15,35291,35292],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35295,820],{},[1960,35297,35299],{"id":35298},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35301,35302,35303,35305],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35304,34231],{}," does not mean you already know:",[192,35307,35308,35311,35314],{},[195,35309,35310],{},"what it does",[195,35312,35313],{},"what arguments it needs",[195,35315,35316],{},"what it returns",[20,35318,35319,35320,35322],{},"That is why ",[15,35321,34948],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35324,1803],{"id":1802},[20,35326,35327,35328,35330],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35329,34231],{}," in these situations:",[192,35332,35333,35336,35345,35348],{},[195,35334,35335],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[195,35337,35338,35339,35344],{},"Seeing an ",[395,35340,35342],{"href":35341},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35343,25740],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[195,35346,35347],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[195,35349,567,35350,35352,35353],{},[15,35351,34231],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35354,34948],{},[20,35356,35357],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35359,35361],{"className":37,"code":35360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35362,35363,35375,35379,35393,35407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35364,35365,35367,35369,35371,35373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35366,8007],{"class":50},[44,35368,55],{"class":54},[44,35370,75],{"class":62},[44,35372,3971],{"class":66},[44,35374,3479],{"class":62},[44,35376,35377],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35378,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35380,35381,35383,35385,35387,35389,35391],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35382,154],{"class":153},[44,35384,157],{"class":58},[44,35386,1862],{"class":1861},[44,35388,157],{"class":58},[44,35390,67],{"class":111},[44,35392,1869],{"class":58},[44,35394,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403,35405],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,35396,154],{"class":153},[44,35398,157],{"class":58},[44,35400,34292],{"class":153},[44,35402,157],{"class":58},[44,35404,67],{"class":111},[44,35406,1869],{"class":58},[44,35408,35409,35411,35413,35415,35417,35419],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,35410,1913],{"class":153},[44,35412,157],{"class":58},[44,35414,67],{"class":111},[44,35416,108],{"class":58},[44,35418,34398],{"class":1923},[44,35420,162],{"class":58},[20,35422,35423],{},"And for modules:",[35,35425,35426],{"className":37,"code":35005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35427,35428,35434,35438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35429,35430,35432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35431,35012],{"class":4002},[44,35433,35015],{"class":50},[44,35435,35436],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35437,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35439,35440,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35441,154],{"class":153},[44,35443,157],{"class":58},[44,35445,34292],{"class":153},[44,35447,157],{"class":58},[44,35449,820],{"class":111},[44,35451,1869],{"class":58},[20,35453,35454],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35456,35458],{"className":37,"code":35457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35459,35460,35465,35477,35487,35501,35507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35461,35462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35463,35464],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35466,35467,35469,35471,35473,35475],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35468,8007],{"class":50},[44,35470,55],{"class":54},[44,35472,75],{"class":62},[44,35474,3971],{"class":66},[44,35476,3479],{"class":62},[44,35478,35479,35481,35483,35485],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35480,34292],{"class":153},[44,35482,157],{"class":58},[44,35484,67],{"class":111},[44,35486,162],{"class":58},[44,35488,35489,35491,35493,35495,35497,35499],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,35490,1913],{"class":153},[44,35492,157],{"class":58},[44,35494,67],{"class":111},[44,35496,108],{"class":58},[44,35498,34398],{"class":1923},[44,35500,162],{"class":58},[44,35502,35503,35505],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,35504,35012],{"class":4002},[44,35506,35015],{"class":50},[44,35508,35509,35511,35513,35515],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,35510,34292],{"class":153},[44,35512,157],{"class":58},[44,35514,820],{"class":111},[44,35516,162],{"class":58},[30,35518,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,35520,5273,35522,5276],{"id":35521},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35523,34231],{},[20,35525,35526],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1960,35528,2007,35530,4523,35532,2610],{"id":35529},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35531,34231],{},[15,35533,34948],{},[20,35535,35536,35538,35539,35541],{},[15,35537,34231],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35540,34948],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1960,35543,35545,35546,35548],{"id":35544},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35547,34231],{}," output?",[20,35550,35551],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1960,35553,1984,35555,35557,35558,2610],{"id":35554},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35556,34231],{}," help fix ",[15,35559,25740],{},[20,35561,35562,35563,108],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[395,35564,35565],{"href":35341},"object has no attribute",[30,35567,2020],{"id":2019},[192,35569,35570,35576,35581,35585,35589],{},[195,35571,35572],{},[395,35573,3697,35574,3630],{"href":34945},[15,35575,34948],{},[195,35577,35578],{},[395,35579,35580],{"href":35341},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[195,35582,35583],{},[395,35584,35072],{"href":35071},[195,35586,35587],{},[395,35588,35078],{"href":35077},[195,35590,35591],{},[395,35592,3697,35593,3630],{"href":34729},[15,35594,2419],{},[20,35596,35597,35598,35600,35601,35603],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35599,34231],{}," together with ",[15,35602,34948],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2048,35605,35606],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":35608},[35609,35610,35612,35617,35622,35624,35625,35631,35636,35643,35644,35654],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":34408,"depth":102,"text":35611},"What dir() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":35613},[35614,35616],{"id":34461,"depth":150,"text":35615},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34517,"depth":150,"text":34303},{"id":34585,"depth":102,"text":35618,"children":35619},"Using dir() with a value",[35620,35621],{"id":34597,"depth":150,"text":34598},{"id":34658,"depth":150,"text":34659},{"id":34738,"depth":102,"text":35623},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34838,"depth":102,"text":34839},{"id":34984,"depth":102,"text":35626,"children":35627},"dir() on modules",[35628,35630],{"id":34998,"depth":150,"text":35629},"Example: math module",{"id":35081,"depth":150,"text":35082},{"id":35131,"depth":102,"text":35632,"children":35633},"dir() vs help()",[35634,35635],{"id":34292,"depth":150,"text":34231},{"id":1913,"depth":150,"text":34948},{"id":25425,"depth":102,"text":25426,"children":35637},[35638,35640,35641,35642],{"id":35237,"depth":150,"text":35639},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35258,"depth":150,"text":35259},{"id":35268,"depth":150,"text":35269},{"id":35298,"depth":150,"text":35299},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":35645},[35646,35648,35650,35652],{"id":35521,"depth":150,"text":35647},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35529,"depth":150,"text":35649},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35544,"depth":150,"text":35651},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35554,"depth":150,"text":35653},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34223,"description":35655},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35662,"title":35663,"body":35664,"description":37484,"extension":2080,"meta":37485,"navigation":682,"path":37486,"seo":37487,"stem":37488,"__hash__":37489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35665,"toc":37453},[35666,35672,35677,35680,35688,35694,35696,35776,35778,35804,35809,35814,35819,35822,35833,35836,35838,35917,35919,35945,35952,35954,35956,35981,35984,35997,36002,36004,36085,36087,36113,36122,36127,36135,36141,36148,36151,36153,36232,36235,36292,36294,36331,36337,36342,36347,36350,36364,36366,36469,36471,36514,36523,36533,36540,36546,36553,36636,36638,36661,36664,36667,36669,36673,36677,36680,36743,36766,36769,36773,36779,36781,36848,36851,36928,36933,36939,36942,36945,36991,36993,37017,37022,37026,37031,37037,37100,37103,37105,37108,37133,37136,37271,37273,37374,37376,37381,37384,37390,37400,37408,37413,37419,37425,37427,37450],[10,35667,3697,35669,3701],{"id":35668},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35670,35671],{},"enumerate()",[20,35673,35674,35676],{},[15,35675,35671],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35678,35679],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[192,35681,35682,35685],{},[195,35683,35684],{},"the item itself",[195,35686,35687],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35689,35690,35691,35693],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35692,35671],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35695,33],{"id":32},[35,35697,35699],{"className":37,"code":35698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35700,35701,35733,35737,35760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35702,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35704,13172],{"class":50},[44,35706,55],{"class":54},[44,35708,3746],{"class":58},[44,35710,63],{"class":62},[44,35712,13189],{"class":66},[44,35714,63],{"class":62},[44,35716,83],{"class":58},[44,35718,75],{"class":62},[44,35720,17534],{"class":66},[44,35722,63],{"class":62},[44,35724,83],{"class":58},[44,35726,75],{"class":62},[44,35728,13206],{"class":66},[44,35730,63],{"class":62},[44,35732,3759],{"class":58},[44,35734,35735],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35736,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35738,35739,35741,35744,35746,35749,35751,35754,35756,35758],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35740,6087],{"class":4002},[44,35742,35743],{"class":50}," index",[44,35745,83],{"class":58},[44,35747,35748],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35750,4009],{"class":4002},[44,35752,35753],{"class":153}," enumerate",[44,35755,157],{"class":58},[44,35757,17581],{"class":111},[44,35759,8473],{"class":58},[44,35761,35762,35764,35766,35769,35771,35774],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,35763,8200],{"class":153},[44,35765,157],{"class":58},[44,35767,35768],{"class":111},"index",[44,35770,83],{"class":58},[44,35772,35773],{"class":111}," color",[44,35775,162],{"class":58},[20,35777,330],{},[35,35779,35781],{"className":37,"code":35780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35782,35783,35790,35797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35784,35785,35787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35786,2237],{"class":95},[44,35788,35789],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35791,35792,35794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35793,3108],{"class":95},[44,35795,35796],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35798,35799,35801],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35800,2173],{"class":95},[44,35802,35803],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,35805,172,35806,35808],{},[15,35807,35671],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,35810,179,35812,182],{"id":35811},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35813,35671],{},[20,35815,35816,35818],{},[15,35817,35671],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35820,35821],{},"It is commonly used with:",[192,35823,35824,35826,35828,35830],{},[195,35825,5429],{},[195,35827,5432],{},[195,35829,5438],{},[195,35831,35832],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35834,35835],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35837,223],{},[35,35839,35841],{"className":37,"code":35840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35842,35843,35877,35881,35902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35844,35845,35847,35849,35851,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861,35864,35866,35868,35870,35873,35875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35846,5126],{"class":50},[44,35848,55],{"class":54},[44,35850,3746],{"class":58},[44,35852,63],{"class":62},[44,35854,78],{"class":66},[44,35856,63],{"class":62},[44,35858,83],{"class":58},[44,35860,75],{"class":62},[44,35862,35863],{"class":66},"Ben",[44,35865,63],{"class":62},[44,35867,83],{"class":58},[44,35869,75],{"class":62},[44,35871,35872],{"class":66},"Cara",[44,35874,63],{"class":62},[44,35876,3759],{"class":58},[44,35878,35879],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35880,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,35882,35883,35885,35887,35889,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35884,6087],{"class":4002},[44,35886,35743],{"class":50},[44,35888,83],{"class":58},[44,35890,35891],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35893,4009],{"class":4002},[44,35895,35753],{"class":153},[44,35897,157],{"class":58},[44,35899,5170],{"class":111},[44,35901,8473],{"class":58},[44,35903,35904,35906,35908,35910,35912,35915],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,35905,8200],{"class":153},[44,35907,157],{"class":58},[44,35909,35768],{"class":111},[44,35911,83],{"class":58},[44,35913,35914],{"class":111}," name",[44,35916,162],{"class":58},[20,35918,330],{},[35,35920,35922],{"className":37,"code":35921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35923,35924,35931,35938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35925,35926,35928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35927,2237],{"class":95},[44,35929,35930],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35932,35933,35935],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,35934,3108],{"class":95},[44,35936,35937],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35939,35940,35942],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,35941,2173],{"class":95},[44,35943,35944],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35946,35947,35948,108],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[395,35949,35951],{"href":35950},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,35953,402],{"id":401},[20,35955,2277],{},[35,35957,35959],{"className":37,"code":35958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35960,35961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35962,35963,35966,35968,35970,35972,35975,35977,35979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35964,35965],{"class":153},"enumerate",[44,35967,157],{"class":58},[44,35969,3845],{"class":111},[44,35971,83],{"class":58},[44,35973,35974],{"class":463}," start",[44,35976,55],{"class":54},[44,35978,2237],{"class":95},[44,35980,162],{"class":58},[20,35982,35983],{},"It has two parts:",[192,35985,35986,35991],{},[195,35987,35988,35990],{},[15,35989,3845],{},": the object you want to loop through",[195,35992,35993,35996],{},[15,35994,35995],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35998,35999,36000,108],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36001,2237],{},[20,36003,223],{},[35,36005,36007],{"className":37,"code":36006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36008,36009,36042,36046,36069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36010,36011,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36012,36013],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,36015,55],{"class":54},[44,36017,3746],{"class":58},[44,36019,63],{"class":62},[44,36021,395],{"class":66},[44,36023,63],{"class":62},[44,36025,83],{"class":58},[44,36027,75],{"class":62},[44,36029,1005],{"class":66},[44,36031,63],{"class":62},[44,36033,83],{"class":58},[44,36035,75],{"class":62},[44,36037,9855],{"class":66},[44,36039,63],{"class":62},[44,36041,3759],{"class":58},[44,36043,36044],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36045,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36047,36048,36050,36053,36055,36058,36060,36062,36064,36067],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36049,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36051,36052],{"class":50}," i",[44,36054,83],{"class":58},[44,36056,36057],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,36059,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36061,35753],{"class":153},[44,36063,157],{"class":58},[44,36065,36066],{"class":111},"letters",[44,36068,8473],{"class":58},[44,36070,36071,36073,36075,36078,36080,36083],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36072,8200],{"class":153},[44,36074,157],{"class":58},[44,36076,36077],{"class":111},"i",[44,36079,83],{"class":58},[44,36081,36082],{"class":111}," letter",[44,36084,162],{"class":58},[20,36086,330],{},[35,36088,36090],{"className":37,"code":36089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36091,36092,36099,36106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36093,36094,36096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36095,2237],{"class":95},[44,36097,36098],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,36100,36101,36103],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36102,3108],{"class":95},[44,36104,36105],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,36107,36108,36110],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36109,2173],{"class":95},[44,36111,36112],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,36114,36115,36116,108],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[395,36117,3697,36119,3630],{"href":36118},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36120,36121],{},"range()",[30,36123,179,36125,11810],{"id":36124},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36126,35671],{},[20,36128,36129,36131,36132,108],{},[15,36130,35671],{}," returns an ",[3868,36133,36134],{},"enumerate object",[20,36136,36137,36138,36140],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36139,6087],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[192,36142,36143],{},[195,36144,36145],{},[15,36146,36147],{},"(index, item)",[20,36149,36150],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36152,223],{},[35,36154,36156],{"className":37,"code":36155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36157,36158,36191,36195,36217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36159,36160,36163,36165,36167,36169,36171,36173,36175,36177,36179,36181,36183,36185,36187,36189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36161,36162],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,36164,55],{"class":54},[44,36166,3746],{"class":58},[44,36168,63],{"class":62},[44,36170,4207],{"class":66},[44,36172,63],{"class":62},[44,36174,83],{"class":58},[44,36176,75],{"class":62},[44,36178,4216],{"class":66},[44,36180,63],{"class":62},[44,36182,83],{"class":58},[44,36184,75],{"class":62},[44,36186,33140],{"class":66},[44,36188,63],{"class":62},[44,36190,3759],{"class":58},[44,36192,36193],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36194,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36196,36197,36199,36201,36203,36206,36208,36210,36212,36215],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36198,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36200,35743],{"class":50},[44,36202,83],{"class":58},[44,36204,36205],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,36207,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36209,35753],{"class":153},[44,36211,157],{"class":58},[44,36213,36214],{"class":111},"fruits",[44,36216,8473],{"class":58},[44,36218,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36230],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36220,8200],{"class":153},[44,36222,157],{"class":58},[44,36224,35768],{"class":111},[44,36226,83],{"class":58},[44,36228,36229],{"class":111}," fruit",[44,36231,162],{"class":58},[20,36233,36234],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,36236,36238],{"className":37,"code":36237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36239,36240,36260,36264,36282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36241,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36243,3741],{"class":50},[44,36245,55],{"class":54},[44,36247,3746],{"class":58},[44,36249,2448],{"class":95},[44,36251,83],{"class":58},[44,36253,96],{"class":95},[44,36255,83],{"class":58},[44,36257,7925],{"class":95},[44,36259,3759],{"class":58},[44,36261,36262],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36263,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36265,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36267,1340],{"class":50},[44,36269,55],{"class":54},[44,36271,22630],{"class":1861},[44,36273,157],{"class":58},[44,36275,35965],{"class":153},[44,36277,157],{"class":58},[44,36279,3773],{"class":111},[44,36281,1869],{"class":58},[44,36283,36284,36286,36288,36290],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36285,154],{"class":153},[44,36287,157],{"class":58},[44,36289,1376],{"class":111},[44,36291,162],{"class":58},[20,36293,330],{},[35,36295,36297],{"className":37,"code":36296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36298,36299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36300,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36327,36329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36302,21811],{"class":58},[44,36304,2237],{"class":95},[44,36306,83],{"class":58},[44,36308,528],{"class":95},[44,36310,854],{"class":58},[44,36312,857],{"class":58},[44,36314,3108],{"class":95},[44,36316,83],{"class":58},[44,36318,96],{"class":95},[44,36320,854],{"class":58},[44,36322,857],{"class":58},[44,36324,2173],{"class":95},[44,36326,83],{"class":58},[44,36328,7925],{"class":95},[44,36330,872],{"class":58},[20,36332,36333,36334,36336],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36335,35671],{}," produces.",[30,36338,1551,36340],{"id":36339},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36341,35671],{},[20,36343,172,36344,36346],{},[15,36345,35671],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36348,36349],{},"Common cases:",[192,36351,36352,36355,36358,36361],{},[195,36353,36354],{},"printing numbered output",[195,36356,36357],{},"building menus",[195,36359,36360],{},"showing positions in a list",[195,36362,36363],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36365,223],{},[35,36367,36369],{"className":37,"code":36368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36370,36371,36406,36410,36440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36372,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36384,36386,36388,36390,36393,36395,36397,36399,36402,36404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36374,29964],{"class":50},[44,36376,55],{"class":54},[44,36378,3746],{"class":58},[44,36380,63],{"class":62},[44,36382,36383],{"class":66},"Wash dishes",[44,36385,63],{"class":62},[44,36387,83],{"class":58},[44,36389,75],{"class":62},[44,36391,36392],{"class":66},"Study Python",[44,36394,63],{"class":62},[44,36396,83],{"class":58},[44,36398,75],{"class":62},[44,36400,36401],{"class":66},"Go for a walk",[44,36403,63],{"class":62},[44,36405,3759],{"class":58},[44,36407,36408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36409,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36411,36412,36414,36416,36418,36421,36423,36425,36427,36430,36432,36434,36436,36438],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36413,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36415,2315],{"class":50},[44,36417,83],{"class":58},[44,36419,36420],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36422,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36424,35753],{"class":153},[44,36426,157],{"class":58},[44,36428,36429],{"class":111},"tasks",[44,36431,83],{"class":58},[44,36433,35974],{"class":463},[44,36435,55],{"class":54},[44,36437,3108],{"class":95},[44,36439,8473],{"class":58},[44,36441,36442,36444,36446,36448,36450,36452,36454,36456,36458,36460,36463,36465,36467],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36443,8200],{"class":153},[44,36445,157],{"class":58},[44,36447,22364],{"class":2182},[44,36449,63],{"class":66},[44,36451,340],{"class":95},[44,36453,2357],{"class":111},[44,36455,22373],{"class":95},[44,36457,28382],{"class":66},[44,36459,340],{"class":95},[44,36461,36462],{"class":111},"task",[44,36464,22373],{"class":95},[44,36466,63],{"class":66},[44,36468,162],{"class":58},[20,36470,330],{},[35,36472,36474],{"className":37,"code":36473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36475,36476,36488,36500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36477,36478,36480,36482,36485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36479,3108],{"class":95},[44,36481,108],{"class":58},[44,36483,36484],{"class":1923}," Wash",[44,36486,36487],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36489,36490,36492,36494,36497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36491,2173],{"class":95},[44,36493,108],{"class":58},[44,36495,36496],{"class":1923}," Study",[44,36498,36499],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36501,36502,36504,36506,36509,36511],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36503,2179],{"class":95},[44,36505,108],{"class":58},[44,36507,36508],{"class":1923}," Go",[44,36510,4003],{"class":4002},[44,36512,36513],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36515,36516,36517,36519,36520,108],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36518,35671],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36521,36522],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36524,36525,36526,108],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[395,36527,36529,36530,36532],{"href":36528},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36531,35671],{}," in Python",[30,36534,36536,36537,36539],{"id":36535},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36538,35995],{}," argument",[20,36541,36542,36543,36545],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36544,35995],{}," argument.",[20,36547,36548,36549,11202,36551,72],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36550,3108],{},[15,36552,2237],{},[35,36554,36556],{"className":37,"code":36555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36557,36558,36590,36594,36622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36559,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36561,13172],{"class":50},[44,36563,55],{"class":54},[44,36565,3746],{"class":58},[44,36567,63],{"class":62},[44,36569,13189],{"class":66},[44,36571,63],{"class":62},[44,36573,83],{"class":58},[44,36575,75],{"class":62},[44,36577,17534],{"class":66},[44,36579,63],{"class":62},[44,36581,83],{"class":58},[44,36583,75],{"class":62},[44,36585,13206],{"class":66},[44,36587,63],{"class":62},[44,36589,3759],{"class":58},[44,36591,36592],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36593,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36595,36596,36598,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36597,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36599,35743],{"class":50},[44,36601,83],{"class":58},[44,36603,35748],{"class":50},[44,36605,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36607,35753],{"class":153},[44,36609,157],{"class":58},[44,36611,17581],{"class":111},[44,36613,83],{"class":58},[44,36615,35974],{"class":463},[44,36617,55],{"class":54},[44,36619,3108],{"class":95},[44,36621,8473],{"class":58},[44,36623,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36625,8200],{"class":153},[44,36627,157],{"class":58},[44,36629,35768],{"class":111},[44,36631,83],{"class":58},[44,36633,35773],{"class":111},[44,36635,162],{"class":58},[20,36637,330],{},[35,36639,36641],{"className":37,"code":36640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36642,36643,36649,36655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36644,36645,36647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36646,3108],{"class":95},[44,36648,35789],{"class":50},[44,36650,36651,36653],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36652,2173],{"class":95},[44,36654,35796],{"class":50},[44,36656,36657,36659],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36658,2179],{"class":95},[44,36660,35803],{"class":50},[20,36662,36663],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36665,36666],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36668,25426],{"id":25425},[20,36670,25429,36671,108],{},[15,36672,35671],{},[1960,36674,36676],{"id":36675},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36678,36679],{},"In this loop:",[35,36681,36683],{"className":37,"code":36682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36684,36685,36705,36709,36729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36686,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36701,36703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36688,3741],{"class":50},[44,36690,55],{"class":54},[44,36692,3746],{"class":58},[44,36694,2448],{"class":95},[44,36696,83],{"class":58},[44,36698,96],{"class":95},[44,36700,83],{"class":58},[44,36702,7925],{"class":95},[44,36704,3759],{"class":58},[44,36706,36707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36708,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36710,36711,36713,36715,36717,36719,36721,36723,36725,36727],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36712,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36714,35743],{"class":50},[44,36716,83],{"class":58},[44,36718,21655],{"class":50},[44,36720,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36722,35753],{"class":153},[44,36724,157],{"class":58},[44,36726,3773],{"class":111},[44,36728,8473],{"class":58},[44,36730,36731,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36732,8200],{"class":153},[44,36734,157],{"class":58},[44,36736,35768],{"class":111},[44,36738,83],{"class":58},[44,36740,8564],{"class":111},[44,36742,162],{"class":58},[192,36744,36745,36755],{},[195,36746,36747,4915,36749,2307,36751,2307,36753],{},[15,36748,35768],{},[15,36750,2237],{},[15,36752,3108],{},[15,36754,2173],{},[195,36756,36757,4915,36759,2307,36761,2307,36763],{},[15,36758,2590],{},[15,36760,2448],{},[15,36762,15839],{},[15,36764,36765],{},"30",[20,36767,36768],{},"These are different things.",[1960,36770,36772],{"id":36771},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36774,36775,36776,36778],{},"Each item from ",[15,36777,35671],{}," is a pair.",[20,36780,6818],{},[35,36782,36784],{"className":37,"code":36783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36785,36786,36810,36814,36834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36787,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804,36806,36808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36789,7910],{"class":50},[44,36791,55],{"class":54},[44,36793,3746],{"class":58},[44,36795,63],{"class":62},[44,36797,2291],{"class":66},[44,36799,63],{"class":62},[44,36801,83],{"class":58},[44,36803,75],{"class":62},[44,36805,11850],{"class":66},[44,36807,63],{"class":62},[44,36809,3759],{"class":58},[44,36811,36812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36813,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36815,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36817,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36819,36052],{"class":50},[44,36821,83],{"class":58},[44,36823,6090],{"class":50},[44,36825,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36827,35753],{"class":153},[44,36829,157],{"class":58},[44,36831,7940],{"class":111},[44,36833,8473],{"class":58},[44,36835,36836,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36837,8200],{"class":153},[44,36839,157],{"class":58},[44,36841,36077],{"class":111},[44,36843,83],{"class":58},[44,36845,29573],{"class":111},[44,36847,162],{"class":58},[20,36849,36850],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36852,36854],{"className":37,"code":36853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36855,36856,36880,36884,36909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36857,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36859,7910],{"class":50},[44,36861,55],{"class":54},[44,36863,3746],{"class":58},[44,36865,63],{"class":62},[44,36867,2291],{"class":66},[44,36869,63],{"class":62},[44,36871,83],{"class":58},[44,36873,75],{"class":62},[44,36875,11850],{"class":66},[44,36877,63],{"class":62},[44,36879,3759],{"class":58},[44,36881,36882],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36883,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,36885,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36899,36901,36903,36905,36907],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,36887,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36889,36052],{"class":50},[44,36891,83],{"class":58},[44,36893,29573],{"class":50},[44,36895,83],{"class":58},[44,36897,36898],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36900,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36902,35753],{"class":153},[44,36904,157],{"class":58},[44,36906,7940],{"class":111},[44,36908,8473],{"class":58},[44,36910,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36926],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,36912,8200],{"class":153},[44,36914,157],{"class":58},[44,36916,36077],{"class":111},[44,36918,83],{"class":58},[44,36920,29573],{"class":111},[44,36922,83],{"class":58},[44,36924,36925],{"class":111}," extra",[44,36927,162],{"class":58},[20,36929,29127,36930,36932],{},[15,36931,35671],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1960,36934,36936,36938],{"id":36935},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36937,35671],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36940,36941],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36943,36944],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36946,36948],{"className":37,"code":36947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36949,36950,36976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36951,36952,36954,36956,36958,36961,36963,36965,36967,36969,36972,36974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36953,6087],{"class":4002},[44,36955,35743],{"class":50},[44,36957,83],{"class":58},[44,36959,36960],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36962,4009],{"class":4002},[44,36964,35753],{"class":153},[44,36966,157],{"class":58},[44,36968,63],{"class":62},[44,36970,36971],{"class":66},"cat",[44,36973,63],{"class":62},[44,36975,8473],{"class":58},[44,36977,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986,36989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,36979,8200],{"class":153},[44,36981,157],{"class":58},[44,36983,35768],{"class":111},[44,36985,83],{"class":58},[44,36987,36988],{"class":111}," char",[44,36990,162],{"class":58},[20,36992,330],{},[35,36994,36996],{"className":37,"code":36995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36997,36998,37004,37010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36999,37000,37002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37001,2237],{"class":95},[44,37003,36112],{"class":50},[44,37005,37006,37008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37007,3108],{"class":95},[44,37009,36098],{"class":50},[44,37011,37012,37014],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37013,2173],{"class":95},[44,37015,37016],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,37018,37019,37020,108],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[395,37021,5267],{"href":5715},[1960,37023,37025],{"id":37024},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37027,37028,37029,108],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37030,35671],{},[20,37032,37033,37034,37036],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37035,6087],{}," loop:",[35,37038,37040],{"className":37,"code":37039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37041,37042,37074,37078,37090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37043,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37045,13172],{"class":50},[44,37047,55],{"class":54},[44,37049,3746],{"class":58},[44,37051,63],{"class":62},[44,37053,13189],{"class":66},[44,37055,63],{"class":62},[44,37057,83],{"class":58},[44,37059,75],{"class":62},[44,37061,17534],{"class":66},[44,37063,63],{"class":62},[44,37065,83],{"class":58},[44,37067,75],{"class":62},[44,37069,13206],{"class":66},[44,37071,63],{"class":62},[44,37073,3759],{"class":58},[44,37075,37076],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37077,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,37079,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37081,6087],{"class":4002},[44,37083,35748],{"class":50},[44,37085,4009],{"class":4002},[44,37087,13220],{"class":50},[44,37089,6523],{"class":58},[44,37091,37092,37094,37096,37098],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,37093,8200],{"class":153},[44,37095,157],{"class":58},[44,37097,32810],{"class":111},[44,37099,162],{"class":58},[20,37101,37102],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,37104,1803],{"id":1802},[20,37106,37107],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[192,37109,37110,37115,37121,37126],{},[195,37111,23171,37112,37114],{},[15,37113,35671],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[195,37116,37117,37118,37120],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37119,2237],{}," by default",[195,37122,567,37123,37125],{},[15,37124,35671],{}," when only values are needed",[195,37127,37128,37129,8835,37131],{},"Confusing ",[15,37130,35671],{},[15,37132,36121],{},[20,37134,37135],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,37137,37139],{"className":37,"code":37138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37140,37141,37163,37190,37224,37257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37142,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37144,154],{"class":153},[44,37146,157],{"class":58},[44,37148,35965],{"class":153},[44,37150,3105],{"class":58},[44,37152,2448],{"class":95},[44,37154,83],{"class":58},[44,37156,96],{"class":95},[44,37158,83],{"class":58},[44,37160,7925],{"class":95},[44,37162,3119],{"class":58},[44,37164,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37166,154],{"class":153},[44,37168,157],{"class":58},[44,37170,1878],{"class":1861},[44,37172,157],{"class":58},[44,37174,35965],{"class":153},[44,37176,3105],{"class":58},[44,37178,2448],{"class":95},[44,37180,83],{"class":58},[44,37182,96],{"class":95},[44,37184,83],{"class":58},[44,37186,7925],{"class":95},[44,37188,37189],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,37191,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202,37204,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37193,154],{"class":153},[44,37195,157],{"class":58},[44,37197,1878],{"class":1861},[44,37199,157],{"class":58},[44,37201,35965],{"class":153},[44,37203,3105],{"class":58},[44,37205,2448],{"class":95},[44,37207,83],{"class":58},[44,37209,96],{"class":95},[44,37211,83],{"class":58},[44,37213,7925],{"class":95},[44,37215,18140],{"class":58},[44,37217,35974],{"class":463},[44,37219,55],{"class":54},[44,37221,3108],{"class":95},[44,37223,3031],{"class":58},[44,37225,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,37227,6087],{"class":4002},[44,37229,36052],{"class":50},[44,37231,83],{"class":58},[44,37233,21655],{"class":50},[44,37235,4009],{"class":4002},[44,37237,35753],{"class":153},[44,37239,3105],{"class":58},[44,37241,343],{"class":62},[44,37243,395],{"class":66},[44,37245,343],{"class":62},[44,37247,83],{"class":58},[44,37249,352],{"class":62},[44,37251,1005],{"class":66},[44,37253,343],{"class":62},[44,37255,37256],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,37260,8200],{"class":153},[44,37262,157],{"class":58},[44,37264,36077],{"class":111},[44,37266,83],{"class":58},[44,37268,8564],{"class":111},[44,37270,162],{"class":58},[20,37272,17039],{},[35,37274,37276],{"className":37,"code":37275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37277,37278,37298,37330,37362,37368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37279,37280,37282,37284,37286,37289,37293,37296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37281,3411],{"class":54},[44,37283,35965],{"class":153},[44,37285,24688],{"class":1861},[44,37287,37288],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37290,37292],{"class":37291},"srjyR","0x",[44,37294,37295],{"class":34373},"...",[44,37297,3423],{"class":54},[44,37299,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37301,21811],{"class":58},[44,37303,2237],{"class":95},[44,37305,83],{"class":58},[44,37307,528],{"class":95},[44,37309,854],{"class":58},[44,37311,857],{"class":58},[44,37313,3108],{"class":95},[44,37315,83],{"class":58},[44,37317,96],{"class":95},[44,37319,854],{"class":58},[44,37321,857],{"class":58},[44,37323,2173],{"class":95},[44,37325,83],{"class":58},[44,37327,7925],{"class":95},[44,37329,872],{"class":58},[44,37331,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344,37346,37348,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37333,21811],{"class":58},[44,37335,3108],{"class":95},[44,37337,83],{"class":58},[44,37339,528],{"class":95},[44,37341,854],{"class":58},[44,37343,857],{"class":58},[44,37345,2173],{"class":95},[44,37347,83],{"class":58},[44,37349,96],{"class":95},[44,37351,854],{"class":58},[44,37353,857],{"class":58},[44,37355,2179],{"class":95},[44,37357,83],{"class":58},[44,37359,7925],{"class":95},[44,37361,872],{"class":58},[44,37363,37364,37366],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,37365,2237],{"class":95},[44,37367,36098],{"class":50},[44,37369,37370,37372],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,37371,3108],{"class":95},[44,37373,36105],{"class":50},[30,37375,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,37377,5273,37379,5276],{"id":37378},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37380,35671],{},[20,37382,37383],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1960,37385,1963,37387,37389],{"id":37386},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37388,35671],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37391,37392,37393,37395,37396,37399],{},"It starts at ",[15,37394,2237],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37397,37398],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1960,37401,21492,37403,11202,37405,2610],{"id":37402},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37404,35671],{},[15,37406,37407],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37409,36516,37410,37412],{},[15,37411,35671],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1960,37414,1984,37416,37418],{"id":37415},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37417,35671],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37420,37421,37422,37424],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37423,35671],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37426,2020],{"id":2019},[192,37428,37429,37433,37439,37446],{},[195,37430,37431],{},[395,37432,35951],{"href":35950},[195,37434,37435],{},[395,37436,3697,37437,3630],{"href":36118},[15,37438,36121],{},[195,37440,37441],{},[395,37442,37443,37444,36532],{"href":36528},"How to use ",[15,37445,35671],{},[195,37447,37448],{},[395,37449,5345],{"href":5715},[2048,37451,37452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":37454},[37455,37456,37458,37459,37461,37463,37465,37472,37473,37483],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":35811,"depth":102,"text":37457},"What enumerate() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":36124,"depth":102,"text":37460},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36339,"depth":102,"text":37462},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36535,"depth":102,"text":37464},"Using the start argument",{"id":25425,"depth":102,"text":25426,"children":37466},[37467,37468,37469,37471],{"id":36675,"depth":150,"text":36676},{"id":36771,"depth":150,"text":36772},{"id":36935,"depth":150,"text":37470},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37024,"depth":150,"text":37025},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":37474},[37475,37477,37479,37481],{"id":37378,"depth":150,"text":37476},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37386,"depth":150,"text":37478},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37402,"depth":150,"text":37480},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37415,"depth":150,"text":37482},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35663,"description":37484},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37491,"title":37492,"body":37493,"description":40009,"extension":2080,"meta":40010,"navigation":682,"path":40011,"seo":40012,"stem":40013,"__hash__":40014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37494,"toc":39966},[37495,37501,37506,37509,37517,37531,37533,37624,37632,37637,37642,37644,37660,37662,37741,37743,37760,37766,37770,37772,37793,37797,37800,37812,37816,37819,37822,37839,37842,37918,37920,37937,37942,37946,37954,37957,37972,37974,38063,38065,38110,38113,38117,38120,38199,38201,38223,38226,38233,38238,38241,38344,38346,38371,38374,38381,38387,38392,38395,38406,38512,38514,38535,38543,38550,38556,38575,38580,38583,38602,38604,38689,38691,38720,38723,38728,38733,38736,38747,38749,38838,38840,38860,38866,38972,38974,38994,38997,39081,39083,39103,39110,39112,39116,39122,39125,39182,39185,39188,39249,39258,39261,39264,39292,39295,39355,39357,39374,39378,39381,39459,39461,39481,39484,39559,39563,39566,39568,39577,39582,39584,39635,39643,39655,39660,39721,39723,39740,39744,39807,39809,39834,39842,39844,39850,39856,39863,39871,39877,39880,39887,39897,39903,39909,39912,39929,39935,39937,39963],[10,37496,3697,37498,3701],{"id":37497},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37499,37500],{},"filter()",[20,37502,37503,37505],{},[15,37504,37500],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37507,37508],{},"It takes:",[192,37510,37511,37514],{},[195,37512,37513],{},"a function that checks each item",[195,37515,37516],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37518,37519,37520,37523,37524,37527,37528,37530],{},"The result is ",[3868,37521,37522],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37525,37526],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37529,24849],{}," to see the values.",[30,37532,33],{"id":32},[35,37534,37536],{"className":37,"code":37535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37537,37538,37571,37607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37539,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37541,3741],{"class":50},[44,37543,55],{"class":54},[44,37545,3746],{"class":58},[44,37547,3108],{"class":95},[44,37549,83],{"class":58},[44,37551,1012],{"class":95},[44,37553,83],{"class":58},[44,37555,1017],{"class":95},[44,37557,83],{"class":58},[44,37559,2574],{"class":95},[44,37561,83],{"class":58},[44,37563,4736],{"class":95},[44,37565,83],{"class":58},[44,37567,37568],{"class":95}," 6",[44,37570,3759],{"class":58},[44,37572,37573,37575,37577,37580,37582,37585,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603,37605],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37574,1340],{"class":50},[44,37576,55],{"class":54},[44,37578,37579],{"class":153}," filter",[44,37581,157],{"class":58},[44,37583,37584],{"class":2182},"lambda",[44,37586,37588],{"class":37587},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37590,72],{"class":58},[44,37592,4006],{"class":111},[44,37594,6533],{"class":54},[44,37596,1012],{"class":95},[44,37598,6538],{"class":54},[44,37600,3959],{"class":95},[44,37602,83],{"class":58},[44,37604,4392],{"class":111},[44,37606,162],{"class":58},[44,37608,37609,37611,37613,37615,37617,37619,37621],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37610,154],{"class":153},[44,37612,157],{"class":58},[44,37614,1878],{"class":1861},[44,37616,157],{"class":58},[44,37618,1376],{"class":111},[44,37620,5491],{"class":58},[44,37622,37623],{"class":168},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37625,37626,37628,37629,37631],{},[15,37627,37500],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37630,24849],{}," to see the results.",[30,37633,179,37635,182],{"id":37634},"what-filter-does",[15,37636,37500],{},[20,37638,37639,37641],{},[15,37640,37500],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37643,2224],{},[192,37645,37646,37649,37655],{},[195,37647,37648],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[195,37650,37651,37652,37654],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37653,3726],{},", the item is kept",[195,37656,37651,37657,37659],{},[15,37658,3799],{},", the item is removed",[20,37661,223],{},[35,37663,37665],{"className":37,"code":37664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37666,37667,37695,37699,37727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37668,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37670,3741],{"class":50},[44,37672,55],{"class":54},[44,37674,3746],{"class":58},[44,37676,3108],{"class":95},[44,37678,83],{"class":58},[44,37680,1012],{"class":95},[44,37682,83],{"class":58},[44,37684,1017],{"class":95},[44,37686,83],{"class":58},[44,37688,2574],{"class":95},[44,37690,83],{"class":58},[44,37692,4736],{"class":95},[44,37694,3759],{"class":58},[44,37696,37697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37698,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,37700,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37702,1340],{"class":50},[44,37704,55],{"class":54},[44,37706,37579],{"class":153},[44,37708,157],{"class":58},[44,37710,37584],{"class":2182},[44,37712,37588],{"class":37587},[44,37714,72],{"class":58},[44,37716,4006],{"class":111},[44,37718,4381],{"class":54},[44,37720,1017],{"class":95},[44,37722,83],{"class":58},[44,37724,4392],{"class":111},[44,37726,162],{"class":58},[44,37728,37729,37731,37733,37735,37737,37739],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,37730,154],{"class":153},[44,37732,157],{"class":58},[44,37734,1878],{"class":1861},[44,37736,157],{"class":58},[44,37738,1376],{"class":111},[44,37740,1869],{"class":58},[20,37742,330],{},[35,37744,37746],{"className":37,"code":37745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37747,37748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37749,37750,37752,37754,37756,37758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37751,4027],{"class":58},[44,37753,2623],{"class":95},[44,37755,83],{"class":58},[44,37757,4736],{"class":95},[44,37759,3759],{"class":58},[20,37761,37762,37763,37765],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37764,2179],{}," are kept.",[30,37767,37769],{"id":37768},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37771,2277],{},[35,37773,37775],{"className":37,"code":37774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37776,37777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37778,37779,37781,37783,37786,37788,37791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37780,37526],{"class":153},[44,37782,157],{"class":58},[44,37784,37785],{"class":111},"function",[44,37787,83],{"class":58},[44,37789,37790],{"class":111}," iterable",[44,37792,162],{"class":58},[1960,37794,37795],{"id":37785},[15,37796,37785],{},[20,37798,37799],{},"This is the test function.",[192,37801,37802,37805],{},[195,37803,37804],{},"It receives one item at a time",[195,37806,37807,37808,2997,37810],{},"It should return ",[15,37809,3726],{},[15,37811,3799],{},[1960,37813,37814],{"id":3845},[15,37815,3845],{},[20,37817,37818],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37820,37821],{},"It can be:",[192,37823,37824,37827,37830,37833,37836],{},[195,37825,37826],{},"a list",[195,37828,37829],{},"a tuple",[195,37831,37832],{},"a string",[195,37834,37835],{},"a set",[195,37837,37838],{},"another iterable object",[20,37840,37841],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37843,37845],{"className":37,"code":37844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37846,37847,37872,37876,37904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37848,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37850,3741],{"class":50},[44,37852,55],{"class":54},[44,37854,857],{"class":58},[44,37856,2448],{"class":95},[44,37858,83],{"class":58},[44,37860,37861],{"class":95}," 15",[44,37863,83],{"class":58},[44,37865,96],{"class":95},[44,37867,83],{"class":58},[44,37869,1164],{"class":95},[44,37871,162],{"class":58},[44,37873,37874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,37875,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,37877,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,37879,1340],{"class":50},[44,37881,55],{"class":54},[44,37883,37579],{"class":153},[44,37885,157],{"class":58},[44,37887,37584],{"class":2182},[44,37889,37588],{"class":37587},[44,37891,72],{"class":58},[44,37893,4006],{"class":111},[44,37895,5229],{"class":54},[44,37897,96],{"class":95},[44,37899,83],{"class":58},[44,37901,4392],{"class":111},[44,37903,162],{"class":58},[44,37905,37906,37908,37910,37912,37914,37916],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,37907,154],{"class":153},[44,37909,157],{"class":58},[44,37911,1878],{"class":1861},[44,37913,157],{"class":58},[44,37915,1376],{"class":111},[44,37917,1869],{"class":58},[20,37919,330],{},[35,37921,37923],{"className":37,"code":37922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37924,37925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37926,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37928,4027],{"class":58},[44,37930,15839],{"class":95},[44,37932,83],{"class":58},[44,37934,1164],{"class":95},[44,37936,3759],{"class":58},[20,37938,37939,37940,108],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[395,37941,5267],{"href":5715},[30,37943,37945],{"id":37944},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37947,37948,37949,22046,37951,108],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37950,37500],{},[3868,37952,37953],{},"filter object",[20,37955,37956],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[192,37958,37959,37962,37967],{},[195,37960,37961],{},"loop through it",[195,37963,37964,37965],{},"convert it with ",[15,37966,24849],{},[195,37968,37964,37969],{},[15,37970,37971],{},"tuple()",[20,37973,223],{},[35,37975,37977],{"className":37,"code":37976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37978,37979,38021,38025,38035,38049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37980,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37982,1340],{"class":50},[44,37984,55],{"class":54},[44,37986,37579],{"class":153},[44,37988,157],{"class":58},[44,37990,37584],{"class":2182},[44,37992,37588],{"class":37587},[44,37994,72],{"class":58},[44,37996,4006],{"class":111},[44,37998,4381],{"class":54},[44,38000,1012],{"class":95},[44,38002,83],{"class":58},[44,38004,3746],{"class":58},[44,38006,3108],{"class":95},[44,38008,83],{"class":58},[44,38010,1012],{"class":95},[44,38012,83],{"class":58},[44,38014,1017],{"class":95},[44,38016,83],{"class":58},[44,38018,2574],{"class":95},[44,38020,4015],{"class":58},[44,38022,38023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38024,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38026,38027,38029,38031,38033],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38028,154],{"class":153},[44,38030,157],{"class":58},[44,38032,1376],{"class":111},[44,38034,162],{"class":58},[44,38036,38037,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38038,154],{"class":153},[44,38040,157],{"class":58},[44,38042,1862],{"class":1861},[44,38044,157],{"class":58},[44,38046,1376],{"class":111},[44,38048,1869],{"class":58},[44,38050,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,38052,154],{"class":153},[44,38054,157],{"class":58},[44,38056,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38058,157],{"class":58},[44,38060,1376],{"class":111},[44,38062,1869],{"class":58},[20,38064,330],{},[35,38066,38068],{"className":37,"code":38067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38069,38070,38084,38098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38071,38072,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38073,3411],{"class":54},[44,38075,37526],{"class":153},[44,38077,24688],{"class":1861},[44,38079,37288],{"class":50},[44,38081,37295],{"class":34373},[44,38083,3423],{"class":54},[44,38085,38086,38088,38090,38092,38094,38096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38087,3411],{"class":54},[44,38089,3414],{"class":2182},[44,38091,352],{"class":62},[44,38093,37526],{"class":66},[44,38095,343],{"class":62},[44,38097,3423],{"class":54},[44,38099,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38101,4027],{"class":58},[44,38103,2179],{"class":95},[44,38105,83],{"class":58},[44,38107,2574],{"class":95},[44,38109,3759],{"class":58},[20,38111,38112],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1960,38114,38116],{"id":38115},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38118,38119],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,38121,38123],{"className":37,"code":38122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38124,38125,38167,38171,38185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38126,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38128,1340],{"class":50},[44,38130,55],{"class":54},[44,38132,37579],{"class":153},[44,38134,157],{"class":58},[44,38136,37584],{"class":2182},[44,38138,37588],{"class":37587},[44,38140,72],{"class":58},[44,38142,4006],{"class":111},[44,38144,4381],{"class":54},[44,38146,1012],{"class":95},[44,38148,83],{"class":58},[44,38150,3746],{"class":58},[44,38152,3108],{"class":95},[44,38154,83],{"class":58},[44,38156,1012],{"class":95},[44,38158,83],{"class":58},[44,38160,1017],{"class":95},[44,38162,83],{"class":58},[44,38164,2574],{"class":95},[44,38166,4015],{"class":58},[44,38168,38169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38170,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38172,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38174,154],{"class":153},[44,38176,157],{"class":58},[44,38178,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38180,157],{"class":58},[44,38182,1376],{"class":111},[44,38184,1869],{"class":58},[44,38186,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38188,154],{"class":153},[44,38190,157],{"class":58},[44,38192,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38194,157],{"class":58},[44,38196,1376],{"class":111},[44,38198,1869],{"class":58},[20,38200,330],{},[35,38202,38204],{"className":37,"code":38203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38205,38206,38218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38207,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38209,4027],{"class":58},[44,38211,2179],{"class":95},[44,38213,83],{"class":58},[44,38215,2574],{"class":95},[44,38217,3759],{"class":58},[44,38219,38220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38221,38222],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,38224,38225],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,38227,567,38229,8835,38231],{"id":38228},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38230,37500],{},[15,38232,37584],{},[20,38234,15274,38235,38237],{},[15,38236,37584],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38239,38240],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,38242,38244],{"className":37,"code":38243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38245,38246,38288,38292,38330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38247,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264,38267,38269,38271,38273,38275,38277,38279,38281,38284,38286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38249,4198],{"class":50},[44,38251,55],{"class":54},[44,38253,3746],{"class":58},[44,38255,63],{"class":62},[44,38257,4207],{"class":66},[44,38259,63],{"class":62},[44,38261,83],{"class":58},[44,38263,75],{"class":62},[44,38265,38266],{"class":66},"kiwi",[44,38268,63],{"class":62},[44,38270,83],{"class":58},[44,38272,75],{"class":62},[44,38274,4216],{"class":66},[44,38276,63],{"class":62},[44,38278,83],{"class":58},[44,38280,75],{"class":62},[44,38282,38283],{"class":66},"fig",[44,38285,63],{"class":62},[44,38287,3759],{"class":58},[44,38289,38290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38291,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38293,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38307,38309,38312,38314,38317,38319,38322,38324,38326,38328],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38295,1340],{"class":50},[44,38297,55],{"class":54},[44,38299,37579],{"class":153},[44,38301,157],{"class":58},[44,38303,37584],{"class":2182},[44,38305,38306],{"class":37587}," word",[44,38308,72],{"class":58},[44,38310,38311],{"class":153}," len",[44,38313,157],{"class":58},[44,38315,38316],{"class":111},"word",[44,38318,3786],{"class":58},[44,38320,38321],{"class":54}," >",[44,38323,2574],{"class":95},[44,38325,83],{"class":58},[44,38327,6297],{"class":111},[44,38329,162],{"class":58},[44,38331,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38333,154],{"class":153},[44,38335,157],{"class":58},[44,38337,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38339,157],{"class":58},[44,38341,1376],{"class":111},[44,38343,1869],{"class":58},[20,38345,330],{},[35,38347,38349],{"className":37,"code":38348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38350,38351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38352,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38354,4027],{"class":58},[44,38356,343],{"class":62},[44,38358,4207],{"class":66},[44,38360,343],{"class":62},[44,38362,83],{"class":58},[44,38364,352],{"class":62},[44,38366,4216],{"class":66},[44,38368,343],{"class":62},[44,38370,3759],{"class":58},[20,38372,38373],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38375,38376,38377,108],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[395,38378,38380],{"href":38379},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38382,567,38384,38386],{"id":38383},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38385,37500],{}," with a named function",[20,38388,38389,38390,108],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38391,37584],{},[20,38393,38394],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[192,38396,38397,38400,38403],{},[195,38398,38399],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[195,38401,38402],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[195,38404,38405],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38407,38409],{"className":37,"code":38408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38410,38411,38424,38439,38443,38475,38494,38498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38412,38413,38415,38418,38420,38422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38414,34772],{"class":2182},[44,38416,38417],{"class":34775}," is_even",[44,38419,157],{"class":58},[44,38421,2357],{"class":37587},[44,38423,8473],{"class":58},[44,38425,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38427,34783],{"class":4002},[44,38429,6516],{"class":50},[44,38431,6533],{"class":54},[44,38433,1012],{"class":95},[44,38435,6538],{"class":54},[44,38437,38438],{"class":95}," 0\n",[44,38440,38441],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38442,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38444,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38446,3741],{"class":50},[44,38448,55],{"class":54},[44,38450,3746],{"class":58},[44,38452,3108],{"class":95},[44,38454,83],{"class":58},[44,38456,1012],{"class":95},[44,38458,83],{"class":58},[44,38460,1017],{"class":95},[44,38462,83],{"class":58},[44,38464,2574],{"class":95},[44,38466,83],{"class":58},[44,38468,4736],{"class":95},[44,38470,83],{"class":58},[44,38472,37568],{"class":95},[44,38474,3759],{"class":58},[44,38476,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38488,38490,38492],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,38478,1340],{"class":50},[44,38480,55],{"class":54},[44,38482,37579],{"class":153},[44,38484,157],{"class":58},[44,38486,38487],{"class":111},"is_even",[44,38489,83],{"class":58},[44,38491,4392],{"class":111},[44,38493,162],{"class":58},[44,38495,38496],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,38497,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38499,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,38501,154],{"class":153},[44,38503,157],{"class":58},[44,38505,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38507,157],{"class":58},[44,38509,1376],{"class":111},[44,38511,1869],{"class":58},[20,38513,330],{},[35,38515,38517],{"className":37,"code":38516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38518,38519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38520,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38522,4027],{"class":58},[44,38524,2173],{"class":95},[44,38526,83],{"class":58},[44,38528,2574],{"class":95},[44,38530,83],{"class":58},[44,38532,37568],{"class":95},[44,38534,3759],{"class":58},[20,38536,20843,38537,1298,38540,38542],{},[15,38538,38539],{},"is_even()",[15,38541,3726],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38544,567,38546,8835,38548],{"id":38545},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38547,217],{},[15,38549,37500],{},[20,38551,38552,38553,38555],{},"You can pass ",[15,38554,217],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38557,38559],{"className":37,"code":38558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38560,38561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38562,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38564,37526],{"class":153},[44,38566,157],{"class":58},[44,38568,217],{"class":1400},[44,38570,83],{"class":58},[44,38572,37790],{"class":111},[44,38574,162],{"class":58},[20,38576,38577,38578,7471],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3868,38579,5725],{},[20,38581,38582],{},"Falsy values include:",[192,38584,38585,38589,38594,38598],{},[195,38586,38587],{},[15,38588,2237],{},[195,38590,38591,38593],{},[15,38592,3899],{}," (empty string)",[195,38595,38596],{},[15,38597,217],{},[195,38599,38600],{},[15,38601,3799],{},[20,38603,223],{},[35,38605,38607],{"className":37,"code":38606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38608,38609,38653,38657,38675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38610,38611,38613,38615,38617,38619,38621,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38612,7910],{"class":50},[44,38614,55],{"class":54},[44,38616,3746],{"class":58},[44,38618,2237],{"class":95},[44,38620,83],{"class":58},[44,38622,504],{"class":95},[44,38624,83],{"class":58},[44,38626,6255],{"class":62},[44,38628,83],{"class":58},[44,38630,75],{"class":62},[44,38632,3971],{"class":66},[44,38634,63],{"class":62},[44,38636,83],{"class":58},[44,38638,3978],{"class":1400},[44,38640,83],{"class":58},[44,38642,4043],{"class":1400},[44,38644,83],{"class":58},[44,38646,4034],{"class":1400},[44,38648,83],{"class":58},[44,38650,4736],{"class":95},[44,38652,3759],{"class":58},[44,38654,38655],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38656,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38658,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38660,1340],{"class":50},[44,38662,55],{"class":54},[44,38664,37579],{"class":153},[44,38666,157],{"class":58},[44,38668,217],{"class":1400},[44,38670,83],{"class":58},[44,38672,6095],{"class":111},[44,38674,162],{"class":58},[44,38676,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38678,154],{"class":153},[44,38680,157],{"class":58},[44,38682,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38684,157],{"class":58},[44,38686,1376],{"class":111},[44,38688,1869],{"class":58},[20,38690,330],{},[35,38692,38694],{"className":37,"code":38693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38695,38696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38697,38698,38700,38702,38704,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38699,4027],{"class":58},[44,38701,3108],{"class":95},[44,38703,83],{"class":58},[44,38705,352],{"class":62},[44,38707,3971],{"class":66},[44,38709,343],{"class":62},[44,38711,83],{"class":58},[44,38713,4043],{"class":1400},[44,38715,83],{"class":58},[44,38717,4736],{"class":95},[44,38719,3759],{"class":58},[20,38721,38722],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38724,1551,38726],{"id":38725},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38727,37500],{},[20,38729,172,38730,38732],{},[15,38731,37500],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38734,38735],{},"It works well for:",[192,38737,38738,38741,38744],{},[195,38739,38740],{},"simple filtering rules",[195,38742,38743],{},"quick data cleaning",[195,38745,38746],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38748,223],{},[35,38750,38752],{"className":37,"code":38751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38753,38754,38786,38819,38823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38755,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38757,3741],{"class":50},[44,38759,55],{"class":54},[44,38761,3746],{"class":58},[44,38763,3108],{"class":95},[44,38765,83],{"class":58},[44,38767,1012],{"class":95},[44,38769,83],{"class":58},[44,38771,1017],{"class":95},[44,38773,83],{"class":58},[44,38775,2574],{"class":95},[44,38777,83],{"class":58},[44,38779,4736],{"class":95},[44,38781,83],{"class":58},[44,38783,37568],{"class":95},[44,38785,3759],{"class":58},[44,38787,38788,38791,38793,38795,38797,38799,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813,38815,38817],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38789,38790],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38792,55],{"class":54},[44,38794,37579],{"class":153},[44,38796,157],{"class":58},[44,38798,37584],{"class":2182},[44,38800,37588],{"class":37587},[44,38802,72],{"class":58},[44,38804,4006],{"class":111},[44,38806,6533],{"class":54},[44,38808,1012],{"class":95},[44,38810,6538],{"class":54},[44,38812,3959],{"class":95},[44,38814,83],{"class":58},[44,38816,4392],{"class":111},[44,38818,162],{"class":58},[44,38820,38821],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38822,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38824,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38836],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38826,154],{"class":153},[44,38828,157],{"class":58},[44,38830,1878],{"class":1861},[44,38832,157],{"class":58},[44,38834,38835],{"class":111},"evens",[44,38837,1869],{"class":58},[20,38839,330],{},[35,38841,38842],{"className":37,"code":38516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38843,38844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38845,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38847,4027],{"class":58},[44,38849,2173],{"class":95},[44,38851,83],{"class":58},[44,38853,2574],{"class":95},[44,38855,83],{"class":58},[44,38857,37568],{"class":95},[44,38859,3759],{"class":58},[20,38861,38862,38863,38865],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38864,6087],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38867,38869],{"className":37,"code":38868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38870,38871,38903,38911,38915,38927,38943,38958,38962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38872,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38874,3741],{"class":50},[44,38876,55],{"class":54},[44,38878,3746],{"class":58},[44,38880,3108],{"class":95},[44,38882,83],{"class":58},[44,38884,1012],{"class":95},[44,38886,83],{"class":58},[44,38888,1017],{"class":95},[44,38890,83],{"class":58},[44,38892,2574],{"class":95},[44,38894,83],{"class":58},[44,38896,4736],{"class":95},[44,38898,83],{"class":58},[44,38900,37568],{"class":95},[44,38902,3759],{"class":58},[44,38904,38905,38907,38909],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,38906,38790],{"class":50},[44,38908,55],{"class":54},[44,38910,7969],{"class":58},[44,38912,38913],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,38914,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38916,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,38918,6087],{"class":4002},[44,38920,6516],{"class":50},[44,38922,4009],{"class":4002},[44,38924,4392],{"class":50},[44,38926,6523],{"class":58},[44,38928,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,38930,6528],{"class":4002},[44,38932,6516],{"class":50},[44,38934,6533],{"class":54},[44,38936,1012],{"class":95},[44,38938,6538],{"class":54},[44,38940,3959],{"class":95},[44,38942,6523],{"class":58},[44,38944,38945,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,38946,38947],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38949,108],{"class":58},[44,38951,13646],{"class":111},[44,38953,157],{"class":58},[44,38955,2357],{"class":111},[44,38957,162],{"class":58},[44,38959,38960],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,38961,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,38963,38964,38966,38968,38970],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,38965,154],{"class":153},[44,38967,157],{"class":58},[44,38969,38835],{"class":111},[44,38971,162],{"class":58},[20,38973,330],{},[35,38975,38976],{"className":37,"code":38516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38977,38978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38979,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38981,4027],{"class":58},[44,38983,2173],{"class":95},[44,38985,83],{"class":58},[44,38987,2574],{"class":95},[44,38989,83],{"class":58},[44,38991,37568],{"class":95},[44,38993,3759],{"class":58},[20,38995,38996],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,38998,39000],{"className":37,"code":38999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39001,39002,39034,39067,39071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39003,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39005,3741],{"class":50},[44,39007,55],{"class":54},[44,39009,3746],{"class":58},[44,39011,3108],{"class":95},[44,39013,83],{"class":58},[44,39015,1012],{"class":95},[44,39017,83],{"class":58},[44,39019,1017],{"class":95},[44,39021,83],{"class":58},[44,39023,2574],{"class":95},[44,39025,83],{"class":58},[44,39027,4736],{"class":95},[44,39029,83],{"class":58},[44,39031,37568],{"class":95},[44,39033,3759],{"class":58},[44,39035,39036,39038,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39037,38790],{"class":50},[44,39039,55],{"class":54},[44,39041,3746],{"class":58},[44,39043,2335],{"class":50},[44,39045,6087],{"class":4002},[44,39047,6516],{"class":50},[44,39049,4009],{"class":4002},[44,39051,39052],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,39054,7128],{"class":4002},[44,39056,6516],{"class":50},[44,39058,6533],{"class":54},[44,39060,1012],{"class":95},[44,39062,6538],{"class":54},[44,39064,3959],{"class":95},[44,39066,3759],{"class":58},[44,39068,39069],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,39070,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,39072,39073,39075,39077,39079],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,39074,154],{"class":153},[44,39076,157],{"class":58},[44,39078,38835],{"class":111},[44,39080,162],{"class":58},[20,39082,330],{},[35,39084,39085],{"className":37,"code":38516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39086,39087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39088,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39090,4027],{"class":58},[44,39092,2173],{"class":95},[44,39094,83],{"class":58},[44,39096,2574],{"class":95},[44,39098,83],{"class":58},[44,39100,37568],{"class":95},[44,39102,3759],{"class":58},[20,39104,39105,39106,108],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[395,39107,39109],{"href":39108},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,39111,1803],{"id":1802},[20,39113,14820,39114,108],{},[15,39115,37500],{},[1960,39117,1821,39119,39121],{"id":39118},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39120,37500],{}," to return a list",[20,39123,39124],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,39126,39128],{"className":37,"code":39127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39129,39130,39172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39131,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142,39144,39146,39148,39150,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168,39170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39133,1340],{"class":50},[44,39135,55],{"class":54},[44,39137,37579],{"class":153},[44,39139,157],{"class":58},[44,39141,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39143,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39145,72],{"class":58},[44,39147,4006],{"class":111},[44,39149,4381],{"class":54},[44,39151,1012],{"class":95},[44,39153,83],{"class":58},[44,39155,3746],{"class":58},[44,39157,3108],{"class":95},[44,39159,83],{"class":58},[44,39161,1012],{"class":95},[44,39163,83],{"class":58},[44,39165,1017],{"class":95},[44,39167,83],{"class":58},[44,39169,2574],{"class":95},[44,39171,4015],{"class":58},[44,39173,39174,39176,39178,39180],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39175,154],{"class":153},[44,39177,157],{"class":58},[44,39179,1376],{"class":111},[44,39181,162],{"class":58},[20,39183,39184],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39186,39187],{},"Fix:",[35,39189,39191],{"className":37,"code":39190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39192,39193,39235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39194,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39196,1340],{"class":50},[44,39198,55],{"class":54},[44,39200,37579],{"class":153},[44,39202,157],{"class":58},[44,39204,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39206,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39208,72],{"class":58},[44,39210,4006],{"class":111},[44,39212,4381],{"class":54},[44,39214,1012],{"class":95},[44,39216,83],{"class":58},[44,39218,3746],{"class":58},[44,39220,3108],{"class":95},[44,39222,83],{"class":58},[44,39224,1012],{"class":95},[44,39226,83],{"class":58},[44,39228,1017],{"class":95},[44,39230,83],{"class":58},[44,39232,2574],{"class":95},[44,39234,4015],{"class":58},[44,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245,39247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39238,154],{"class":153},[44,39240,157],{"class":58},[44,39242,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39244,157],{"class":58},[44,39246,1376],{"class":111},[44,39248,1869],{"class":58},[1960,39250,39252,39253,2997,39255,39257],{"id":39251},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39254,3726],{},[15,39256,3799],{}," clearly",[20,39259,39260],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39262,39263],{},"Good example:",[35,39265,39267],{"className":37,"code":39266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39268,39269,39282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39270,39271,39273,39276,39278,39280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39272,34772],{"class":2182},[44,39274,39275],{"class":34775}," is_positive",[44,39277,157],{"class":58},[44,39279,2357],{"class":37587},[44,39281,8473],{"class":58},[44,39283,39284,39286,39288,39290],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39285,34783],{"class":4002},[44,39287,6516],{"class":50},[44,39289,4381],{"class":54},[44,39291,38438],{"class":95},[20,39293,39294],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39296,39298],{"className":37,"code":39297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39299,39300,39332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39301,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39303,3741],{"class":50},[44,39305,55],{"class":54},[44,39307,3746],{"class":58},[44,39309,2138],{"class":54},[44,39311,2173],{"class":95},[44,39313,83],{"class":58},[44,39315,2340],{"class":54},[44,39317,3108],{"class":95},[44,39319,83],{"class":58},[44,39321,3959],{"class":95},[44,39323,83],{"class":58},[44,39325,504],{"class":95},[44,39327,83],{"class":58},[44,39329,1012],{"class":95},[44,39331,3759],{"class":58},[44,39333,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344,39346,39349,39351,39353],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39335,154],{"class":153},[44,39337,157],{"class":58},[44,39339,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39341,157],{"class":58},[44,39343,37526],{"class":153},[44,39345,157],{"class":58},[44,39347,39348],{"class":111},"is_positive",[44,39350,83],{"class":58},[44,39352,4392],{"class":111},[44,39354,3031],{"class":58},[20,39356,330],{},[35,39358,39360],{"className":37,"code":39359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39361,39362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39363,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39365,4027],{"class":58},[44,39367,3108],{"class":95},[44,39369,83],{"class":58},[44,39371,1012],{"class":95},[44,39373,3759],{"class":58},[1960,39375,39377],{"id":39376},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39379,39380],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39382,39383],{"className":37,"code":38122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39384,39385,39427,39431,39445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39386,39387,39389,39391,39393,39395,39397,39399,39401,39403,39405,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39388,1340],{"class":50},[44,39390,55],{"class":54},[44,39392,37579],{"class":153},[44,39394,157],{"class":58},[44,39396,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39398,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39400,72],{"class":58},[44,39402,4006],{"class":111},[44,39404,4381],{"class":54},[44,39406,1012],{"class":95},[44,39408,83],{"class":58},[44,39410,3746],{"class":58},[44,39412,3108],{"class":95},[44,39414,83],{"class":58},[44,39416,1012],{"class":95},[44,39418,83],{"class":58},[44,39420,1017],{"class":95},[44,39422,83],{"class":58},[44,39424,2574],{"class":95},[44,39426,4015],{"class":58},[44,39428,39429],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39430,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,39432,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,39434,154],{"class":153},[44,39436,157],{"class":58},[44,39438,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39440,157],{"class":58},[44,39442,1376],{"class":111},[44,39444,1869],{"class":58},[44,39446,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,39448,154],{"class":153},[44,39450,157],{"class":58},[44,39452,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39454,157],{"class":58},[44,39456,1376],{"class":111},[44,39458,1869],{"class":58},[20,39460,330],{},[35,39462,39463],{"className":37,"code":38203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39464,39465,39477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39466,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39468,4027],{"class":58},[44,39470,2179],{"class":95},[44,39472,83],{"class":58},[44,39474,2574],{"class":95},[44,39476,3759],{"class":58},[44,39478,39479],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39480,38222],{"class":58},[20,39482,39483],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39485,39487],{"className":37,"code":39486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39488,39489,39535,39539,39549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39490,39491,39493,39495,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529,39531,39533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39492,1340],{"class":50},[44,39494,55],{"class":54},[44,39496,22630],{"class":1861},[44,39498,157],{"class":58},[44,39500,37526],{"class":153},[44,39502,157],{"class":58},[44,39504,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39506,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39508,72],{"class":58},[44,39510,4006],{"class":111},[44,39512,4381],{"class":54},[44,39514,1012],{"class":95},[44,39516,83],{"class":58},[44,39518,3746],{"class":58},[44,39520,3108],{"class":95},[44,39522,83],{"class":58},[44,39524,1012],{"class":95},[44,39526,83],{"class":58},[44,39528,1017],{"class":95},[44,39530,83],{"class":58},[44,39532,2574],{"class":95},[44,39534,3119],{"class":58},[44,39536,39537],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39538,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,39540,39541,39543,39545,39547],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,39542,154],{"class":153},[44,39544,157],{"class":58},[44,39546,1376],{"class":111},[44,39548,162],{"class":58},[44,39550,39551,39553,39555,39557],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,39552,154],{"class":153},[44,39554,157],{"class":58},[44,39556,1376],{"class":111},[44,39558,162],{"class":58},[1960,39560,39562],{"id":39561},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39564,39565],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39567,16725],{},[35,39569,39571],{"className":37,"code":39570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39572,39573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39574,39575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39576,39570],{"class":168},[20,39578,39579,39580,6681],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39581,2448],{},[20,39583,1436],{},[35,39585,39587],{"className":37,"code":39586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39588,39589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39590,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39592,154],{"class":153},[44,39594,157],{"class":58},[44,39596,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39598,157],{"class":58},[44,39600,37526],{"class":153},[44,39602,157],{"class":58},[44,39604,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39606,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39608,72],{"class":58},[44,39610,4006],{"class":111},[44,39612,4381],{"class":54},[44,39614,1012],{"class":95},[44,39616,83],{"class":58},[44,39618,3746],{"class":58},[44,39620,3108],{"class":95},[44,39622,83],{"class":58},[44,39624,1012],{"class":95},[44,39626,83],{"class":58},[44,39628,1017],{"class":95},[44,39630,83],{"class":58},[44,39632,2574],{"class":95},[44,39634,37189],{"class":58},[1960,39636,37128,39638,8835,39640],{"id":39637},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39639,37500],{},[15,39641,39642],{},"map()",[192,39644,39645,39650],{},[195,39646,39647,39649],{},[15,39648,37500],{}," keeps or removes items",[195,39651,39652,39654],{},[15,39653,39642],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39656,39657,39658,72],{},"Example of ",[15,39659,37500],{},[35,39661,39663],{"className":37,"code":39662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39664,39665,39689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39666,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39668,3741],{"class":50},[44,39670,55],{"class":54},[44,39672,3746],{"class":58},[44,39674,3108],{"class":95},[44,39676,83],{"class":58},[44,39678,1012],{"class":95},[44,39680,83],{"class":58},[44,39682,1017],{"class":95},[44,39684,83],{"class":58},[44,39686,2574],{"class":95},[44,39688,3759],{"class":58},[44,39690,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39692,154],{"class":153},[44,39694,157],{"class":58},[44,39696,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39698,157],{"class":58},[44,39700,37526],{"class":153},[44,39702,157],{"class":58},[44,39704,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39706,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39708,72],{"class":58},[44,39710,4006],{"class":111},[44,39712,4381],{"class":54},[44,39714,1012],{"class":95},[44,39716,83],{"class":58},[44,39718,4392],{"class":111},[44,39720,3031],{"class":58},[20,39722,330],{},[35,39724,39726],{"className":37,"code":39725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39727,39728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39729,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39731,4027],{"class":58},[44,39733,2179],{"class":95},[44,39735,83],{"class":58},[44,39737,2574],{"class":95},[44,39739,3759],{"class":58},[20,39741,39657,39742,72],{},[15,39743,39642],{},[35,39745,39747],{"className":37,"code":39746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39748,39749,39773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39750,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39752,3741],{"class":50},[44,39754,55],{"class":54},[44,39756,3746],{"class":58},[44,39758,3108],{"class":95},[44,39760,83],{"class":58},[44,39762,1012],{"class":95},[44,39764,83],{"class":58},[44,39766,1017],{"class":95},[44,39768,83],{"class":58},[44,39770,2574],{"class":95},[44,39772,3759],{"class":58},[44,39774,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39799,39801,39803,39805],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,39776,154],{"class":153},[44,39778,157],{"class":58},[44,39780,1878],{"class":1861},[44,39782,157],{"class":58},[44,39784,39785],{"class":153},"map",[44,39787,157],{"class":58},[44,39789,37584],{"class":2182},[44,39791,37588],{"class":37587},[44,39793,72],{"class":58},[44,39795,4006],{"class":111},[44,39797,39798],{"class":54},"*",[44,39800,1012],{"class":95},[44,39802,83],{"class":58},[44,39804,4392],{"class":111},[44,39806,3031],{"class":58},[20,39808,330],{},[35,39810,39812],{"className":37,"code":39811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39813,39814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39815,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39817,4027],{"class":58},[44,39819,2173],{"class":95},[44,39821,83],{"class":58},[44,39823,2574],{"class":95},[44,39825,83],{"class":58},[44,39827,37568],{"class":95},[44,39829,83],{"class":58},[44,39831,6489],{"class":95},[44,39833,3759],{"class":58},[20,39835,39836,39837,108],{},"For the related function, see ",[395,39838,3697,39840,3630],{"href":39839},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39841,39642],{},[30,39843,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,39845,1963,39847,39849],{"id":39846},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39848,37500],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39851,39852,39853,39855],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39854,24849],{}," if needed.",[1960,39857,39859,39860,39862],{"id":39858},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39861,37500],{}," need to return?",[20,39864,37807,39865,39867,39868,39870],{},[15,39866,3726],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39869,3799],{}," to remove it.",[1960,39872,1994,39874,39876],{"id":39873},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39875,37500],{}," without lambda?",[20,39878,39879],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1960,39881,5273,39883,39886],{"id":39882},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39884,39885],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39888,39889,39890,39892,39893,17153,39895,108],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39891,2237],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39894,217],{},[15,39896,3799],{},[1960,39898,21492,39900,39902],{"id":39899},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39901,37500],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39904,39905,39906,39908],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39907,6087],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39910,39911],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[192,39913,39914,39920,39926],{},[195,39915,39916,39917,39919],{},"use ",[15,39918,37500],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[195,39921,39922,39923,39925],{},"use a ",[15,39924,6087],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[195,39927,39928],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39930,39931,39932,108],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[395,39933,5263],{"href":39934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,39936,2020],{"id":2019},[192,39938,39939,39944,39948,39953,39959],{},[195,39940,39941],{},[395,39942,39943],{"href":38379},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[195,39945,39946],{},[395,39947,5350],{"href":39934},[195,39949,39950],{},[395,39951,39952],{"href":39108},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[195,39954,39955],{},[395,39956,3697,39957,3630],{"href":39839},[15,39958,39642],{},[195,39960,39961],{},[395,39962,5345],{"href":5715},[2048,39964,39965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":39967},[39968,39969,39971,39975,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986,39996,40008],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":37634,"depth":102,"text":39970},"What filter() does",{"id":37768,"depth":102,"text":37769,"children":39972},[39973,39974],{"id":37785,"depth":150,"text":37785},{"id":3845,"depth":150,"text":3845},{"id":37944,"depth":102,"text":37945,"children":39976},[39977],{"id":38115,"depth":150,"text":38116},{"id":38228,"depth":102,"text":39979},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38383,"depth":102,"text":39981},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38545,"depth":102,"text":39983},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38725,"depth":102,"text":39985},"When to use filter()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":39987},[39988,39990,39992,39993,39994],{"id":39118,"depth":150,"text":39989},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39251,"depth":150,"text":39991},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39376,"depth":150,"text":39377},{"id":39561,"depth":150,"text":39562},{"id":39637,"depth":150,"text":39995},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":39997},[39998,40000,40002,40004,40006],{"id":39846,"depth":150,"text":39999},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39858,"depth":150,"text":40001},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39873,"depth":150,"text":40003},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39882,"depth":150,"text":40005},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39899,"depth":150,"text":40007},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37492,"description":40009},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40016,"title":40017,"body":40018,"description":42171,"extension":2080,"meta":42172,"navigation":682,"path":42173,"seo":42174,"stem":42175,"__hash__":42176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40019,"toc":42125},[40020,40023,40028,40034,40036,40088,40090,40109,40114,40118,40123,40126,40141,40144,40166,40168,40217,40219,40243,40245,40247,40262,40267,40275,40290,40292,40301,40304,40339,40343,40348,40352,40359,40394,40396,40412,40416,40419,40460,40462,40476,40480,40483,40507,40509,40518,40522,40525,40558,40560,40573,40577,40583,40602,40604,40612,40616,40621,40625,40631,40654,40656,40685,40688,40707,40711,40714,40741,40743,40777,40781,40784,40808,40812,40823,40825,40830,40836,40838,40922,40924,40966,40969,40973,40980,40989,41045,41052,41061,41066,41070,41141,41143,41152,41156,41159,41203,41205,41214,41218,41224,41274,41278,41283,41287,41311,41313,41322,41326,41350,41352,41363,41367,41391,41393,41402,41405,41422,41428,41432,41438,41441,41446,41449,41470,41472,41504,41507,41512,41514,41525,41527,41571,41575,41582,41634,41636,41645,41649,41652,41745,41748,41772,41776,41779,41871,41876,41880,41887,41892,41916,41918,41927,41932,41955,41957,41965,41972,41995,42003,42005,42018,42028,42030,42034,42041,42045,42054,42058,42065,42069,42073,42077,42090,42092,42122],[10,40021,40017],{"id":40022},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40024,9253,40025,40027],{},[15,40026,3003],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40029,40030,40031,40033],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40032,3003],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,40035,33],{"id":32},[35,40037,40039],{"className":37,"code":40038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40040,40041,40055,40074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40042,40043,40045,40047,40049,40051,40053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40044,154],{"class":153},[44,40046,157],{"class":58},[44,40048,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40050,157],{"class":58},[44,40052,2254],{"class":95},[44,40054,1869],{"class":58},[44,40056,40057,40059,40061,40063,40065,40067,40070,40072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40058,154],{"class":153},[44,40060,157],{"class":58},[44,40062,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40064,157],{"class":58},[44,40066,63],{"class":62},[44,40068,40069],{"class":66},"3.14",[44,40071,63],{"class":62},[44,40073,1869],{"class":58},[44,40075,40076,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,40077,154],{"class":153},[44,40079,157],{"class":58},[44,40081,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40083,157],{"class":58},[44,40085,3726],{"class":1400},[44,40087,1869],{"class":58},[20,40089,330],{},[35,40091,40093],{"className":37,"code":40092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40094,40095,40099,40104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40096,40097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40098,2597],{"class":95},[44,40100,40101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40102,40103],{"class":95},"3.14\n",[44,40105,40106],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,40107,40108],{"class":95},"1.0\n",[20,40110,172,40111,40113],{},[15,40112,3003],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,40115,40117],{"id":40116},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40119,40120,40122],{},[15,40121,3003],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40124,40125],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[192,40127,40128,40132,40136],{},[195,40129,40130],{},[15,40131,2609],{},[195,40133,40134],{},[15,40135,40069],{},[195,40137,40138],{},[15,40139,40140],{},"0.5",[20,40142,40143],{},"A few key points:",[192,40145,40146,40153,40156,40159],{},[195,40147,40148,40150,40151],{},[15,40149,3003],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40152,2310],{},[195,40154,40155],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[195,40157,40158],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[195,40160,40161,40162],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[395,40163,40164],{"href":8350},[15,40165,3077],{},[20,40167,223],{},[35,40169,40171],{"className":37,"code":40170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40172,40173,40193,40203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40174,40175,40177,40179,40182,40184,40186,40189,40191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40176,2335],{"class":50},[44,40178,55],{"class":54},[44,40180,40181],{"class":1861}," float",[44,40183,157],{"class":58},[44,40185,63],{"class":62},[44,40187,40188],{"class":66},"2.75",[44,40190,63],{"class":62},[44,40192,162],{"class":58},[44,40194,40195,40197,40199,40201],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40196,154],{"class":153},[44,40198,157],{"class":58},[44,40200,2357],{"class":111},[44,40202,162],{"class":58},[44,40204,40205,40207,40209,40211,40213,40215],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,40206,154],{"class":153},[44,40208,157],{"class":58},[44,40210,1862],{"class":1861},[44,40212,157],{"class":58},[44,40214,2357],{"class":111},[44,40216,1869],{"class":58},[20,40218,330],{},[35,40220,40222],{"className":37,"code":40221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40223,40224,40229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40225,40226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40227,40228],{"class":95},"2.75\n",[44,40230,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239,40241],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40232,3411],{"class":54},[44,40234,3414],{"class":2182},[44,40236,352],{"class":62},[44,40238,2310],{"class":66},[44,40240,343],{"class":62},[44,40242,3423],{"class":54},[30,40244,402],{"id":401},[20,40246,7349],{},[35,40248,40250],{"className":37,"code":40249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,40251,40252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40253,40254,40256,40258,40260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40255,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40257,157],{"class":58},[44,40259,2590],{"class":111},[44,40261,162],{"class":58},[20,40263,40264,40265,108],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40266,3003],{},[20,40268,40269,40270,40272,40273,72],{},"If you call ",[15,40271,3003],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40274,3894],{},[35,40276,40278],{"className":37,"code":40277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40279,40280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40281,40282,40284,40286,40288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40283,154],{"class":153},[44,40285,157],{"class":58},[44,40287,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40289,7325],{"class":58},[20,40291,330],{},[35,40293,40295],{"className":37,"code":40294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40296,40297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40298,40299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40300,40294],{"class":95},[20,40302,40303],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40305,40307],{"className":37,"code":40306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40308,40309,40329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40310,40311,40314,40316,40318,40320,40322,40325,40327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40312,40313],{"class":50},"price ",[44,40315,55],{"class":54},[44,40317,40181],{"class":1861},[44,40319,157],{"class":58},[44,40321,63],{"class":62},[44,40323,40324],{"class":66},"19.99",[44,40326,63],{"class":62},[44,40328,162],{"class":58},[44,40330,40331,40333,40335,40337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40332,154],{"class":153},[44,40334,157],{"class":58},[44,40336,25218],{"class":111},[44,40338,162],{"class":58},[30,40340,40342],{"id":40341},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40344,40345,40347],{},[15,40346,3003],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1960,40349,40351],{"id":40350},"integers","Integers",[20,40353,40354,40355,40358],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40356,40357],{},".0"," added:",[35,40360,40362],{"className":37,"code":40361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40363,40364,40378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40365,40366,40368,40370,40372,40374,40376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40367,154],{"class":153},[44,40369,157],{"class":58},[44,40371,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40373,157],{"class":58},[44,40375,2254],{"class":95},[44,40377,1869],{"class":58},[44,40379,40380,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40381,154],{"class":153},[44,40383,157],{"class":58},[44,40385,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40387,157],{"class":58},[44,40389,2138],{"class":54},[44,40391,2173],{"class":95},[44,40393,1869],{"class":58},[20,40395,330],{},[35,40397,40399],{"className":37,"code":40398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40400,40401,40405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40402,40403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40404,2597],{"class":95},[44,40406,40407,40409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40408,2138],{"class":54},[44,40410,40411],{"class":95},"2.0\n",[1960,40413,40415],{"id":40414},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40417,40418],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40420,40422],{"className":37,"code":40421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40423,40424,40442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40425,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434,40436,40438,40440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40427,154],{"class":153},[44,40429,157],{"class":58},[44,40431,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40433,157],{"class":58},[44,40435,63],{"class":62},[44,40437,40069],{"class":66},[44,40439,63],{"class":62},[44,40441,1869],{"class":58},[44,40443,40444,40446,40448,40450,40452,40454,40456,40458],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40445,154],{"class":153},[44,40447,157],{"class":58},[44,40449,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40451,157],{"class":58},[44,40453,63],{"class":62},[44,40455,2448],{"class":66},[44,40457,63],{"class":62},[44,40459,1869],{"class":58},[20,40461,330],{},[35,40463,40465],{"className":37,"code":40464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40466,40467,40471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40468,40469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40470,40103],{"class":95},[44,40472,40473],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40474,40475],{"class":95},"10.0\n",[1960,40477,40479],{"id":40478},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40481,40482],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40484,40486],{"className":37,"code":40485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40487,40488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40489,40490,40492,40494,40496,40498,40500,40503,40505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40491,154],{"class":153},[44,40493,157],{"class":58},[44,40495,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40497,157],{"class":58},[44,40499,63],{"class":62},[44,40501,40502],{"class":66},"  8.5  ",[44,40504,63],{"class":62},[44,40506,1869],{"class":58},[20,40508,330],{},[35,40510,40512],{"className":37,"code":40511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40513,40514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40515,40516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40517,40511],{"class":95},[1960,40519,40521],{"id":40520},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40523,40524],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40526,40528],{"className":37,"code":40527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40529,40530,40544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40531,40532,40534,40536,40538,40540,40542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40533,154],{"class":153},[44,40535,157],{"class":58},[44,40537,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40539,157],{"class":58},[44,40541,3726],{"class":1400},[44,40543,1869],{"class":58},[44,40545,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40547,154],{"class":153},[44,40549,157],{"class":58},[44,40551,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40553,157],{"class":58},[44,40555,3799],{"class":1400},[44,40557,1869],{"class":58},[20,40559,330],{},[35,40561,40563],{"className":37,"code":40562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40564,40565,40569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40566,40567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40568,40108],{"class":95},[44,40570,40571],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40572,40294],{"class":95},[1960,40574,40576],{"id":40575},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40578,40579,40580,40582],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40581,3003],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40584,40586],{"className":37,"code":40585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40587,40588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40589,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598,40600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40591,154],{"class":153},[44,40593,157],{"class":58},[44,40595,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40597,157],{"class":58},[44,40599,2480],{"class":95},[44,40601,1869],{"class":58},[20,40603,330],{},[35,40605,40606],{"className":37,"code":2504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40607,40608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40609,40610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40611,2504],{"class":95},[30,40613,40615],{"id":40614},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40617,40618,40619,108],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40620,3003],{},[1960,40622,40624],{"id":40623},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40626,40627,40628,72],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40629,40630],{},"ValueError",[35,40632,40634],{"className":37,"code":40633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40635,40636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40637,40638,40640,40642,40644,40646,40648,40650,40652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40639,154],{"class":153},[44,40641,157],{"class":58},[44,40643,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40645,157],{"class":58},[44,40647,63],{"class":62},[44,40649,3971],{"class":66},[44,40651,63],{"class":62},[44,40653,1869],{"class":58},[20,40655,29747],{},[35,40657,40659],{"className":37,"code":40658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40660,40661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40662,40663,40665,40667,40670,40672,40675,40677,40679,40681,40683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40664,40630],{"class":1861},[44,40666,72],{"class":58},[44,40668,40669],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40671,4762],{"class":54},[44,40673,40674],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40676,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40678,72],{"class":58},[44,40680,352],{"class":62},[44,40682,3971],{"class":66},[44,40684,29766],{"class":62},[20,40686,40687],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40689,40691],{"className":37,"code":40690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40692,40693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40694,40695,40697,40699,40701,40703,40705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40696,154],{"class":153},[44,40698,157],{"class":58},[44,40700,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40702,157],{"class":58},[44,40704,6401],{"class":62},[44,40706,1869],{"class":58},[1960,40708,40710],{"id":40709},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40712,40713],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40715,40717],{"className":37,"code":40716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40718,40719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40720,40721,40723,40725,40727,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40722,154],{"class":153},[44,40724,157],{"class":58},[44,40726,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40728,3105],{"class":58},[44,40730,3108],{"class":95},[44,40732,83],{"class":58},[44,40734,1012],{"class":95},[44,40736,83],{"class":58},[44,40738,1017],{"class":95},[44,40740,3119],{"class":58},[20,40742,29747],{},[35,40744,40746],{"className":37,"code":40745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40747,40748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40749,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758,40761,40764,40767,40769,40771,40773,40775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40751,3125],{"class":1861},[44,40753,72],{"class":58},[44,40755,40181],{"class":1861},[44,40757,7497],{"class":58},[44,40759,40760],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40762,40763],{"class":54},"or",[44,40765,40766],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40768,83],{"class":58},[44,40770,8230],{"class":54},[44,40772,352],{"class":62},[44,40774,1878],{"class":66},[44,40776,29766],{"class":62},[1960,40778,40780],{"id":40779},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40782,40783],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40785,40787],{"className":37,"code":40786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40788,40789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40790,40791,40793,40795,40797,40799,40801,40804,40806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40792,154],{"class":153},[44,40794,157],{"class":58},[44,40796,2310],{"class":1861},[44,40798,157],{"class":58},[44,40800,63],{"class":62},[44,40802,40803],{"class":66},"3,14",[44,40805,63],{"class":62},[44,40807,1869],{"class":58},[20,40809,3122,40810,108],{},[15,40811,40630],{},[20,40813,40814,40815,4523,40819,108],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[395,40816,40818],{"href":40817},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[395,40820,40822],{"href":40821},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,40824,1293],{"id":1292},[20,40826,40827,40829],{},[15,40828,3003],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40831,40832,40833,40835],{},"It does ",[3868,40834,4762],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40837,223],{},[35,40839,40841],{"className":37,"code":40840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40842,40843,40856,40870,40874,40884,40894,40908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40844,40845,40847,40849,40851,40854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40846,34608],{"class":50},[44,40848,55],{"class":54},[44,40850,75],{"class":62},[44,40852,40853],{"class":66},"6.5",[44,40855,3479],{"class":62},[44,40857,40858,40860,40862,40864,40866,40868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40859,2335],{"class":50},[44,40861,55],{"class":54},[44,40863,40181],{"class":1861},[44,40865,157],{"class":58},[44,40867,34629],{"class":111},[44,40869,162],{"class":58},[44,40871,40872],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,40873,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,40875,40876,40878,40880,40882],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,40877,154],{"class":153},[44,40879,157],{"class":58},[44,40881,34629],{"class":111},[44,40883,162],{"class":58},[44,40885,40886,40888,40890,40892],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,40887,154],{"class":153},[44,40889,157],{"class":58},[44,40891,2357],{"class":111},[44,40893,162],{"class":58},[44,40895,40896,40898,40900,40902,40904,40906],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,40897,154],{"class":153},[44,40899,157],{"class":58},[44,40901,1862],{"class":1861},[44,40903,157],{"class":58},[44,40905,34629],{"class":111},[44,40907,1869],{"class":58},[44,40909,40910,40912,40914,40916,40918,40920],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,40911,154],{"class":153},[44,40913,157],{"class":58},[44,40915,1862],{"class":1861},[44,40917,157],{"class":58},[44,40919,2357],{"class":111},[44,40921,1869],{"class":58},[20,40923,330],{},[35,40925,40927],{"className":37,"code":40926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40928,40929,40934,40938,40952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40930,40931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40932,40933],{"class":95},"6.5\n",[44,40935,40936],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,40937,40933],{"class":95},[44,40939,40940,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,40941,3411],{"class":54},[44,40943,3414],{"class":2182},[44,40945,352],{"class":62},[44,40947,3564],{"class":66},[44,40949,343],{"class":62},[44,40951,3423],{"class":54},[44,40953,40954,40956,40958,40960,40962,40964],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,40955,3411],{"class":54},[44,40957,3414],{"class":2182},[44,40959,352],{"class":62},[44,40961,2310],{"class":66},[44,40963,343],{"class":62},[44,40965,3423],{"class":54},[20,40967,40968],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,40970,40972],{"id":40971},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1960,40974,40976,40977,40979],{"id":40975},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40978,3077],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40981,22,40982,40986,40987,108],{},[395,40983,40984,2420],{"href":8350},[15,40985,3077],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40988,3003],{},[35,40990,40992],{"className":37,"code":40991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40993,40994,41013,41027,41031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40995,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004,41006,41009,41011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40997,8368],{"class":50},[44,40999,55],{"class":54},[44,41001,8373],{"class":153},[44,41003,157],{"class":58},[44,41005,63],{"class":62},[44,41007,41008],{"class":66},"Enter a price: ",[44,41010,63],{"class":62},[44,41012,162],{"class":58},[44,41014,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41016,40313],{"class":50},[44,41018,55],{"class":54},[44,41020,40181],{"class":1861},[44,41022,157],{"class":58},[44,41024,8397],{"class":111},[44,41026,162],{"class":58},[44,41028,41029],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41030,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41032,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041,41043],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41034,154],{"class":153},[44,41036,157],{"class":58},[44,41038,40313],{"class":111},[44,41040,39798],{"class":54},[44,41042,1012],{"class":95},[44,41044,162],{"class":58},[20,41046,41047,41048,41051],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41049,41050],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,41053,41055],{"className":37,"code":41054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,41056,41057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41058,41059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41060,41054],{"class":95},[20,41062,41063,41064,108],{},"For more help with this, see ",[395,41065,9111],{"href":9110},[1960,41067,41069],{"id":41068},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,41071,41073],{"className":37,"code":41072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41074,41075,41088,41101,41105,41130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41076,41077,41079,41081,41083,41086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41078,2673],{"class":50},[44,41080,55],{"class":54},[44,41082,75],{"class":62},[44,41084,41085],{"class":66},"2.5",[44,41087,3479],{"class":62},[44,41089,41090,41092,41094,41096,41099],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41091,2701],{"class":50},[44,41093,55],{"class":54},[44,41095,75],{"class":62},[44,41097,41098],{"class":66},"1.5",[44,41100,3479],{"class":62},[44,41102,41103],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41104,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41106,41107,41110,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120,41122,41124,41126,41128],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41108,41109],{"class":50},"total ",[44,41111,55],{"class":54},[44,41113,40181],{"class":1861},[44,41115,157],{"class":58},[44,41117,395],{"class":111},[44,41119,3786],{"class":58},[44,41121,2571],{"class":54},[44,41123,40181],{"class":1861},[44,41125,157],{"class":58},[44,41127,1005],{"class":111},[44,41129,162],{"class":58},[44,41131,41132,41134,41136,41139],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,41133,154],{"class":153},[44,41135,157],{"class":58},[44,41137,41138],{"class":111},"total",[44,41140,162],{"class":58},[20,41142,330],{},[35,41144,41146],{"className":37,"code":41145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,41147,41148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41149,41150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41151,41145],{"class":95},[1960,41153,41155],{"id":41154},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41157,41158],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,41160,41162],{"className":37,"code":41161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41163,41164,41174,41189,41193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41165,41166,41169,41171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41167,41168],{"class":50},"count ",[44,41170,55],{"class":54},[44,41172,41173],{"class":95}," 7\n",[44,41175,41176,41178,41180,41182,41184,41187],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41177,1340],{"class":50},[44,41179,55],{"class":54},[44,41181,40181],{"class":1861},[44,41183,157],{"class":58},[44,41185,41186],{"class":111},"count",[44,41188,162],{"class":58},[44,41190,41191],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41192,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41194,41195,41197,41199,41201],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41196,154],{"class":153},[44,41198,157],{"class":58},[44,41200,1376],{"class":111},[44,41202,162],{"class":58},[20,41204,330],{},[35,41206,41208],{"className":37,"code":41207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,41209,41210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41211,41212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41213,41207],{"class":95},[1960,41215,41217],{"id":41216},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41219,41220,41221,41223],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41222,3003],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,41225,41227],{"className":37,"code":41226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41228,41229,41243,41259,41263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41230,41231,41234,41236,41238,41241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41232,41233],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,41235,55],{"class":54},[44,41237,75],{"class":62},[44,41239,41240],{"class":66},"21.8",[44,41242,3479],{"class":62},[44,41244,41245,41248,41250,41252,41254,41257],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41246,41247],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,41249,55],{"class":54},[44,41251,40181],{"class":1861},[44,41253,157],{"class":58},[44,41255,41256],{"class":111},"temperature_text",[44,41258,162],{"class":58},[44,41260,41261],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41262,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41264,41265,41267,41269,41272],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41266,154],{"class":153},[44,41268,157],{"class":58},[44,41270,41271],{"class":111},"temperature",[44,41273,162],{"class":58},[30,41275,41277],{"id":41276},"special-values","Special values",[20,41279,41280,41282],{},[15,41281,3003],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1960,41284,41286],{"id":41285},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41288,41290],{"className":37,"code":41289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41291,41292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41293,41294,41296,41298,41300,41302,41304,41307,41309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41295,154],{"class":153},[44,41297,157],{"class":58},[44,41299,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41301,157],{"class":58},[44,41303,63],{"class":62},[44,41305,41306],{"class":66},"inf",[44,41308,63],{"class":62},[44,41310,1869],{"class":58},[20,41312,330],{},[35,41314,41316],{"className":37,"code":41315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41317,41318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41319,41320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41321,41315],{"class":50},[1960,41323,41325],{"id":41324},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41327,41329],{"className":37,"code":41328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41330,41331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41332,41333,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343,41346,41348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41334,154],{"class":153},[44,41336,157],{"class":58},[44,41338,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41340,157],{"class":58},[44,41342,63],{"class":62},[44,41344,41345],{"class":66},"-inf",[44,41347,63],{"class":62},[44,41349,1869],{"class":58},[20,41351,330],{},[35,41353,41355],{"className":37,"code":41354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41356,41357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41358,41359,41361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41360,2138],{"class":54},[44,41362,41315],{"class":50},[1960,41364,41366],{"id":41365},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41368,41370],{"className":37,"code":41369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41371,41372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41373,41374,41376,41378,41380,41382,41384,41387,41389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41375,154],{"class":153},[44,41377,157],{"class":58},[44,41379,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41381,157],{"class":58},[44,41383,63],{"class":62},[44,41385,41386],{"class":66},"nan",[44,41388,63],{"class":62},[44,41390,1869],{"class":58},[20,41392,330],{},[35,41394,41396],{"className":37,"code":41395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41397,41398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41399,41400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41401,41395],{"class":50},[20,41403,41404],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[192,41406,41407,41412,41417],{},[195,41408,41409,41411],{},[15,41410,41306],{}," means positive infinity",[195,41413,41414,41416],{},[15,41415,41345],{}," means negative infinity",[195,41418,41419,41421],{},[15,41420,41386],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41423,41424,41425,41427],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41426,3003],{}," accepts them.",[30,41429,41431],{"id":41430},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41433,41434,41435,41437],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41436,3003],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1960,41439,40630],{"id":41440},"valueerror",[20,41442,15274,41443,41445],{},[15,41444,40630],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41447,41448],{},"Common causes:",[192,41450,41451,41457,41460,41463],{},[195,41452,41453,41454],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41455,41456],{},"\"abc\"",[195,41458,41459],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[195,41461,41462],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[195,41464,4836,41465],{},[395,41466,41467,41469],{"href":8350},[15,41468,3077],{}," returns a string",[20,41471,223],{},[35,41473,41475],{"className":37,"code":41474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41476,41477,41490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41478,41479,41481,41483,41485,41488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41480,2564],{"class":50},[44,41482,55],{"class":54},[44,41484,75],{"class":62},[44,41486,41487],{"class":66},"abc",[44,41489,3479],{"class":62},[44,41491,41492,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41493,154],{"class":153},[44,41495,157],{"class":58},[44,41497,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41499,157],{"class":58},[44,41501,2590],{"class":111},[44,41503,1869],{"class":58},[1960,41505,3125],{"id":41506},"typeerror",[20,41508,15274,41509,41511],{},[15,41510,3125],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41513,41448],{},[192,41515,41516,41519,41522],{},[195,41517,41518],{},"Passing a list",[195,41520,41521],{},"Passing a dictionary",[195,41523,41524],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41526,223],{},[35,41528,41530],{"className":37,"code":41529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41531,41532,41557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41533,41534,41536,41538,41540,41542,41544,41546,41548,41550,41553,41555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41535,2564],{"class":50},[44,41537,55],{"class":54},[44,41539,59],{"class":58},[44,41541,63],{"class":62},[44,41543,25218],{"class":66},[44,41545,63],{"class":62},[44,41547,72],{"class":58},[44,41549,75],{"class":62},[44,41551,41552],{"class":66},"9.99",[44,41554,63],{"class":62},[44,41556,99],{"class":58},[44,41558,41559,41561,41563,41565,41567,41569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41560,154],{"class":153},[44,41562,157],{"class":58},[44,41564,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41566,157],{"class":58},[44,41568,2590],{"class":111},[44,41570,1869],{"class":58},[1960,41572,41574],{"id":41573},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41576,41577,41578,41581],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41579,41580],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41583,41585],{"className":37,"code":41584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41586,41587,41600,41615,41619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41588,41589,41591,41593,41595,41598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41590,2564],{"class":50},[44,41592,55],{"class":54},[44,41594,75],{"class":62},[44,41596,41597],{"class":66},"  7.25  ",[44,41599,3479],{"class":62},[44,41601,41602,41605,41607,41609,41611,41613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41603,41604],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41606,55],{"class":54},[44,41608,8564],{"class":50},[44,41610,108],{"class":58},[44,41612,8765],{"class":111},[44,41614,1635],{"class":58},[44,41616,41617],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41618,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41620,41621,41623,41625,41627,41629,41632],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41622,154],{"class":153},[44,41624,157],{"class":58},[44,41626,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41628,157],{"class":58},[44,41630,41631],{"class":111},"clean_value",[44,41633,1869],{"class":58},[20,41635,330],{},[35,41637,41639],{"className":37,"code":41638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41640,41641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41642,41643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41644,41638],{"class":95},[1960,41646,41648],{"id":41647},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41650,41651],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41653,41655],{"className":37,"code":41654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41656,41657,41670,41674,41684,41698,41713,41717,41731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41658,41659,41661,41663,41665,41668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41660,2564],{"class":50},[44,41662,55],{"class":54},[44,41664,75],{"class":62},[44,41666,41667],{"class":66}," 3.5 ",[44,41669,3479],{"class":62},[44,41671,41672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41673,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41675,41676,41678,41680,41682],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41677,154],{"class":153},[44,41679,157],{"class":58},[44,41681,2590],{"class":111},[44,41683,162],{"class":58},[44,41685,41686,41688,41690,41692,41694,41696],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41687,154],{"class":153},[44,41689,157],{"class":58},[44,41691,1862],{"class":1861},[44,41693,157],{"class":58},[44,41695,2590],{"class":111},[44,41697,1869],{"class":58},[44,41699,41700,41702,41704,41707,41709,41711],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,41701,154],{"class":153},[44,41703,157],{"class":58},[44,41705,41706],{"class":153},"repr",[44,41708,157],{"class":58},[44,41710,2590],{"class":111},[44,41712,1869],{"class":58},[44,41714,41715],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,41716,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41718,41719,41721,41723,41725,41727,41729],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,41720,41604],{"class":50},[44,41722,55],{"class":54},[44,41724,8564],{"class":50},[44,41726,108],{"class":58},[44,41728,8765],{"class":111},[44,41730,1635],{"class":58},[44,41732,41733,41735,41737,41739,41741,41743],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,41734,154],{"class":153},[44,41736,157],{"class":58},[44,41738,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41740,157],{"class":58},[44,41742,41631],{"class":111},[44,41744,1869],{"class":58},[20,41746,41747],{},"Why this helps:",[192,41749,41750,41756,41761,41767],{},[195,41751,41752,41755],{},[15,41753,41754],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[195,41757,41758,21439],{},[15,41759,41760],{},"print(type(value))",[195,41762,41763,41766],{},[15,41764,41765],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[195,41768,41769,41771],{},[15,41770,41580],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1960,41773,41775],{"id":41774},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41777,41778],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41780,41782],{"className":37,"code":41781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41783,41784,41803,41807,41813,41828,41847,41856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41785,41786,41788,41790,41792,41794,41796,41799,41801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41787,2564],{"class":50},[44,41789,55],{"class":54},[44,41791,8373],{"class":153},[44,41793,157],{"class":58},[44,41795,63],{"class":62},[44,41797,41798],{"class":66},"Enter a number: ",[44,41800,63],{"class":62},[44,41802,162],{"class":58},[44,41804,41805],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,41806,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,41808,41809,41811],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,41810,29870],{"class":4002},[44,41812,6523],{"class":58},[44,41814,41815,41818,41820,41822,41824,41826],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,41816,41817],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41819,55],{"class":54},[44,41821,40181],{"class":1861},[44,41823,157],{"class":58},[44,41825,2590],{"class":111},[44,41827,162],{"class":58},[44,41829,41830,41832,41834,41836,41839,41841,41843,41845],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,41831,8200],{"class":153},[44,41833,157],{"class":58},[44,41835,63],{"class":62},[44,41837,41838],{"class":66},"Converted:",[44,41840,63],{"class":62},[44,41842,83],{"class":58},[44,41844,2315],{"class":111},[44,41846,162],{"class":58},[44,41848,41849,41851,41854],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,41850,29901],{"class":4002},[44,41852,41853],{"class":1861}," ValueError",[44,41855,6523],{"class":58},[44,41857,41858,41860,41862,41864,41867,41869],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,41859,8200],{"class":153},[44,41861,157],{"class":58},[44,41863,63],{"class":62},[44,41865,41866],{"class":66},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41868,63],{"class":62},[44,41870,162],{"class":58},[20,41872,41873,41874,108],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[395,41875,40822],{"href":40821},[30,41877,41879],{"id":41878},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41881,10703,41882,4523,41884,41886],{},[15,41883,3003],{},[15,41885,2996],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41888,41889,41891],{},[15,41890,3003],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41893,41895],{"className":37,"code":41894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41896,41897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41898,41899,41901,41903,41905,41907,41909,41912,41914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41900,154],{"class":153},[44,41902,157],{"class":58},[44,41904,2310],{"class":1861},[44,41906,157],{"class":58},[44,41908,63],{"class":62},[44,41910,41911],{"class":66},"3.9",[44,41913,63],{"class":62},[44,41915,1869],{"class":58},[20,41917,330],{},[35,41919,41921],{"className":37,"code":41920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41922,41923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41924,41925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41926,41920],{"class":95},[20,41928,41929,41931],{},[15,41930,2996],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41933,41935],{"className":37,"code":41934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41936,41937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41938,41939,41941,41943,41945,41947,41949,41951,41953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41940,154],{"class":153},[44,41942,157],{"class":58},[44,41944,2306],{"class":1861},[44,41946,157],{"class":58},[44,41948,63],{"class":62},[44,41950,2448],{"class":66},[44,41952,63],{"class":62},[44,41954,1869],{"class":58},[20,41956,330],{},[35,41958,41959],{"className":37,"code":2494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41960,41961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41962,41963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41964,2494],{"class":95},[20,41966,41967,41968,41971],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41969,41970],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41973,41975],{"className":37,"code":41974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41976,41977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41978,41979,41981,41983,41985,41987,41989,41991,41993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41980,154],{"class":153},[44,41982,157],{"class":58},[44,41984,2306],{"class":1861},[44,41986,157],{"class":58},[44,41988,63],{"class":62},[44,41990,41911],{"class":66},[44,41992,63],{"class":62},[44,41994,1869],{"class":58},[20,41996,3122,41997,8732,41999,42002],{},[15,41998,40630],{},[15,42000,42001],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42004,10825],{},[192,42006,42007,42013],{},[195,42008,42009,42012],{},[15,42010,42011],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[195,42014,42015,42017],{},[15,42016,41970],{}," fails",[20,42019,42020,42021,42024,42025,42027],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[395,42022,42023],{"href":2993},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[395,42026,2537],{"href":2536}," helpful.",[30,42029,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,42031,42033],{"id":42032},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42035,42036,42037,2997,42039,108],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42038,2609],{},[15,42040,40069],{},[1960,42042,42044],{"id":42043},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42046,42047,42048,2997,42051,108],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42049,42050],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42052,42053],{},"\"10\"",[1960,42055,42057],{"id":42056},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42059,29127,42060,42062,42063,108],{},[15,42061,41456],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42064,40630],{},[1960,42066,42068],{"id":42067},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42070,214,42071,108],{},[15,42072,3894],{},[1960,42074,42076],{"id":42075},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42078,42079,42080,42082,42083,4523,42086,42082,42088,108],{},"Yes. ",[15,42081,3726],{}," becomes ",[15,42084,42085],{},"1.0",[15,42087,3799],{},[15,42089,3894],{},[30,42091,2020],{"id":2019},[192,42093,42094,42098,42104,42109,42113,42117],{},[195,42095,42096],{},[395,42097,42023],{"href":2993},[195,42099,42100],{},[395,42101,42103],{"href":42102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[195,42105,42106],{},[395,42107,42108],{"href":40817},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[195,42110,42111],{},[395,42112,9188],{"href":9110},[195,42114,42115],{},[395,42116,40822],{"href":40821},[195,42118,42119],{},[395,42120,42121],{"href":8350},"Python input() Function Explained",[2048,42123,42124],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":42126},[42127,42128,42129,42130,42137,42142,42143,42150,42155,42162,42163,42170],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":40116,"depth":102,"text":40117},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":40341,"depth":102,"text":40342,"children":42131},[42132,42133,42134,42135,42136],{"id":40350,"depth":150,"text":40351},{"id":40414,"depth":150,"text":40415},{"id":40478,"depth":150,"text":40479},{"id":40520,"depth":150,"text":40521},{"id":40575,"depth":150,"text":40576},{"id":40614,"depth":102,"text":40615,"children":42138},[42139,42140,42141],{"id":40623,"depth":150,"text":40624},{"id":40709,"depth":150,"text":40710},{"id":40779,"depth":150,"text":40780},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":40971,"depth":102,"text":40972,"children":42144},[42145,42147,42148,42149],{"id":40975,"depth":150,"text":42146},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41068,"depth":150,"text":41069},{"id":41154,"depth":150,"text":41155},{"id":41216,"depth":150,"text":41217},{"id":41276,"depth":102,"text":41277,"children":42151},[42152,42153,42154],{"id":41285,"depth":150,"text":41286},{"id":41324,"depth":150,"text":41325},{"id":41365,"depth":150,"text":41366},{"id":41430,"depth":102,"text":41431,"children":42156},[42157,42158,42159,42160,42161],{"id":41440,"depth":150,"text":40630},{"id":41506,"depth":150,"text":3125},{"id":41573,"depth":150,"text":41574},{"id":41647,"depth":150,"text":41648},{"id":41774,"depth":150,"text":41775},{"id":41878,"depth":102,"text":41879},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":42164},[42165,42166,42167,42168,42169],{"id":42032,"depth":150,"text":42033},{"id":42043,"depth":150,"text":42044},{"id":42056,"depth":150,"text":42057},{"id":42067,"depth":150,"text":42068},{"id":42075,"depth":150,"text":42076},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40017,"description":42171},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42178,"title":42179,"body":42180,"description":43401,"extension":2080,"meta":43402,"navigation":682,"path":34945,"seo":43403,"stem":43404,"__hash__":43405},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42181,"toc":43367},[42182,42185,42190,42193,42195,42234,42248,42252,42257,42260,42277,42280,42290,42305,42308,42310,42313,42329,42332,42335,42355,42359,42370,42373,42377,42381,42395,42430,42434,42445,42480,42483,42485,42493,42526,42542,42544,42554,42575,42586,42588,42593,42596,42610,42612,42631,42634,42647,42650,42654,42658,42672,42675,42693,42696,42711,42715,42720,42734,42740,42742,42799,42801,42834,42837,42853,42857,42864,42868,42873,42876,42887,42891,42896,42911,42920,42925,42944,42947,42959,42961,42966,42976,42979,43008,43013,43022,43026,43031,43034,43038,43043,43045,43075,43078,43085,43090,43095,43099,43102,43110,43113,43191,43194,43216,43218,43222,43225,43229,43235,43298,43302,43310,43314,43317,43319,43344,43364],[10,42183,42179],{"id":42184},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42186,3704,42187,42189],{},[15,42188,34948],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42191,42192],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,42194,33],{"id":32},[35,42196,42198],{"className":37,"code":42197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42199,42200,42210,42220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42201,42202,42204,42206,42208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42203,1913],{"class":153},[44,42205,157],{"class":58},[44,42207,11271],{"class":153},[44,42209,162],{"class":58},[44,42211,42212,42214,42216,42218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42213,1913],{"class":153},[44,42215,157],{"class":58},[44,42217,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42219,162],{"class":58},[44,42221,42222,42224,42226,42228,42230,42232],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,42223,1913],{"class":153},[44,42225,157],{"class":58},[44,42227,343],{"class":62},[44,42229,34579],{"class":66},[44,42231,343],{"class":62},[44,42233,162],{"class":58},[20,42235,172,42236,42238,42239,2997,42241,42243,42244,42247],{},[15,42237,34948],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42240,11271],{},[15,42242,3564],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42245,42246],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,42249,42251],{"id":42250},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42253,42254,42256],{},[15,42255,34948],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42258,42259],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[192,42261,42262,42265,42268,42271,42274],{},[195,42263,42264],{},"Functions",[195,42266,42267],{},"Classes",[195,42269,42270],{},"Methods",[195,42272,42273],{},"Modules",[195,42275,42276],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42278,42279],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42281,42282,42283,42289],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[395,42284,42286],{"href":42285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42287,42288],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42291,42293],{"className":37,"code":42292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42294,42295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42296,42297,42299,42301,42303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42298,1913],{"class":153},[44,42300,157],{"class":58},[44,42302,11271],{"class":153},[44,42304,162],{"class":58},[20,42306,42307],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42309,402],{"id":401},[20,42311,42312],{},"The main form is:",[35,42314,42316],{"className":37,"code":42315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42317,42318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42319,42320,42322,42324,42327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42321,1913],{"class":153},[44,42323,157],{"class":58},[44,42325,42326],{"class":1861},"object",[44,42328,162],{"class":58},[20,42330,42331],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42333,42334],{},"Common examples include:",[192,42336,42337,42341,42346,42350],{},[195,42338,42339],{},[15,42340,11271],{},[195,42342,42343],{},[15,42344,42345],{},"list.append",[195,42347,42348],{},[15,42349,3564],{},[195,42351,42352],{},[15,42353,42354],{},"open",[20,42356,7306,42357,7309],{},[15,42358,34948],{},[35,42360,42362],{"className":37,"code":42361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42363,42364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42365,42366,42368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42367,1913],{"class":153},[44,42369,1635],{"class":58},[20,42371,42372],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42374,42376],{"id":42375},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1960,42378,42380],{"id":42379},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42382,42383,42384,2307,42386,2307,42388,17153,42391,108],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42385,11271],{},[15,42387,154],{},[15,42389,42390],{},"input",[395,42392,42393],{"href":2416},[15,42394,2419],{},[35,42396,42398],{"className":37,"code":42397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42399,42400,42410,42420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42401,42402,42404,42406,42408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42403,1913],{"class":153},[44,42405,157],{"class":58},[44,42407,154],{"class":153},[44,42409,162],{"class":58},[44,42411,42412,42414,42416,42418],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42413,1913],{"class":153},[44,42415,157],{"class":58},[44,42417,42390],{"class":153},[44,42419,162],{"class":58},[44,42421,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,42423,1913],{"class":153},[44,42425,157],{"class":58},[44,42427,1862],{"class":1861},[44,42429,162],{"class":58},[1960,42431,42433],{"id":42432},"data-types","Data types",[20,42435,42436,42437,2307,42439,2307,42441,17153,42443,108],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42438,3564],{},[15,42440,1878],{},[15,42442,1918],{},[15,42444,6416],{},[35,42446,42448],{"className":37,"code":42447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42449,42450,42460,42470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42451,42452,42454,42456,42458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42453,1913],{"class":153},[44,42455,157],{"class":58},[44,42457,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42459,162],{"class":58},[44,42461,42462,42464,42466,42468],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42463,1913],{"class":153},[44,42465,157],{"class":58},[44,42467,1878],{"class":1861},[44,42469,162],{"class":58},[44,42471,42472,42474,42476,42478],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,42473,1913],{"class":153},[44,42475,157],{"class":58},[44,42477,1918],{"class":1861},[44,42479,162],{"class":58},[20,42481,42482],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1960,42484,42270],{"id":34426},[20,42486,42487,42488,4523,42491,108],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42489,42490],{},"str.split",[15,42492,42345],{},[35,42494,42496],{"className":37,"code":42495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42497,42498,42512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42499,42500,42502,42504,42506,42508,42510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42501,1913],{"class":153},[44,42503,157],{"class":58},[44,42505,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42507,108],{"class":58},[44,42509,34389],{"class":1923},[44,42511,162],{"class":58},[44,42513,42514,42516,42518,42520,42522,42524],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42515,1913],{"class":153},[44,42517,157],{"class":58},[44,42519,1878],{"class":1861},[44,42521,108],{"class":58},[44,42523,13646],{"class":1923},[44,42525,162],{"class":58},[20,42527,42528,42529,8835,42531,28382,42536,42538,42539,42541],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42530,34948],{},[395,42532,42534],{"href":42533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42535,34231],{},[15,42537,34231],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42540,34948],{}," explains one of them.",[1960,42543,42273],{"id":34579},[20,42545,42546,42547,2307,42549,17153,42551,108],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42548,820],{},[15,42550,35111],{},[15,42552,42553],{},"os",[35,42555,42557],{"className":37,"code":42556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42558,42559,42565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42560,42561,42563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42562,35012],{"class":4002},[44,42564,35015],{"class":50},[44,42566,42567,42569,42571,42573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42568,1913],{"class":153},[44,42570,157],{"class":58},[44,42572,820],{"class":111},[44,42574,162],{"class":58},[20,42576,42577,42578,42582,42583,108],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[395,42579,42581],{"href":42580},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[395,42584,35078],{"href":42585},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42587,34839],{"id":34838},[20,42589,42590,42592],{},[15,42591,34948],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42594,42595],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[192,42597,42598,42601,42604,42607],{},[195,42599,42600],{},"The function signature",[195,42602,42603],{},"The short description",[195,42605,42606],{},"Parameter names",[195,42608,42609],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42611,5602],{},[35,42613,42615],{"className":37,"code":42614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42616,42617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42618,42619,42621,42623,42625,42627,42629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42620,1913],{"class":153},[44,42622,157],{"class":58},[44,42624,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42626,108],{"class":58},[44,42628,34389],{"class":1923},[44,42630,162],{"class":58},[20,42632,42633],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[192,42635,42636,42639,42642,42644],{},[195,42637,42638],{},"What object this is",[195,42640,42641],{},"What arguments it accepts",[195,42643,22041],{},[195,42645,42646],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42648,42649],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42651,42653],{"id":42652},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42655,42656,29940],{},[15,42657,34948],{},[192,42659,42660,42663,42666,42669],{},[195,42661,42662],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[195,42664,42665],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[195,42667,42668],{},"You are exploring a new module",[195,42670,42671],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42673,42674],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42676,42677],{"className":37,"code":42614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42678,42679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42680,42681,42683,42685,42687,42689,42691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42682,1913],{"class":153},[44,42684,157],{"class":58},[44,42686,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42688,108],{"class":58},[44,42690,34389],{"class":1923},[44,42692,162],{"class":58},[20,42694,42695],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42697,42699],{"className":37,"code":42698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42700,42701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42702,42703,42705,42707,42709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42704,1913],{"class":153},[44,42706,157],{"class":58},[44,42708,42354],{"class":153},[44,42710,162],{"class":58},[30,42712,42714],{"id":42713},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42716,42717,42719],{},[15,42718,34948],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[192,42721,42722,42725,42728,42731],{},[195,42723,42724],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[195,42726,42727],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[195,42729,42730],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[195,42732,42733],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42735,42736,42737,42739],{},"So, ",[15,42738,34948],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42741,5602],{},[35,42743,42745],{"className":37,"code":42744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42746,42747,42760,42784,42788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42748,42749,42751,42753,42755,42758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42750,34608],{"class":50},[44,42752,55],{"class":54},[44,42754,75],{"class":62},[44,42756,42757],{"class":66},"a,b,c",[44,42759,3479],{"class":62},[44,42761,42762,42765,42767,42770,42772,42774,42776,42778,42780,42782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42763,42764],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42766,55],{"class":54},[44,42768,42769],{"class":50}," text",[44,42771,108],{"class":58},[44,42773,34389],{"class":111},[44,42775,157],{"class":58},[44,42777,63],{"class":62},[44,42779,83],{"class":66},[44,42781,63],{"class":62},[44,42783,162],{"class":58},[44,42785,42786],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,42787,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,42789,42790,42792,42794,42797],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,42791,154],{"class":153},[44,42793,157],{"class":58},[44,42795,42796],{"class":111},"parts",[44,42798,162],{"class":58},[20,42800,5688],{},[35,42802,42804],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42805,42806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42807,42808,42810,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820,42822,42824,42826,42828,42830,42832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42809,4027],{"class":58},[44,42811,343],{"class":62},[44,42813,395],{"class":66},[44,42815,343],{"class":62},[44,42817,83],{"class":58},[44,42819,352],{"class":62},[44,42821,1005],{"class":66},[44,42823,343],{"class":62},[44,42825,83],{"class":58},[44,42827,352],{"class":62},[44,42829,9855],{"class":66},[44,42831,343],{"class":62},[44,42833,3759],{"class":58},[20,42835,42836],{},"A good workflow is:",[28781,42838,42839,42844,42847,42850],{},[195,42840,172,42841,42843],{},[15,42842,34948],{}," to inspect something",[195,42845,42846],{},"Write a tiny example",[195,42848,42849],{},"Check the result",[195,42851,42852],{},"Repeat",[30,42854,42856],{"id":42855},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42858,42859,4523,42861,42863],{},[15,42860,34948],{},[15,42862,34231],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1960,42865,42866],{"id":1913},[15,42867,34948],{},[20,42869,172,42870,42872],{},[15,42871,34948],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42874,42875],{},"It tells you:",[192,42877,42878,42881,42884],{},[195,42879,42880],{},"What something is",[195,42882,42883],{},"How to use it",[195,42885,42886],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1960,42888,42889],{"id":34292},[15,42890,34231],{},[20,42892,172,42893,42895],{},[15,42894,34231],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42897,42899],{"className":37,"code":42898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42900,42901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42902,42903,42905,42907,42909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42904,34292],{"class":153},[44,42906,157],{"class":58},[44,42908,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42910,162],{"class":58},[20,42912,42913,42914,2307,42916,17153,42918,108],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42915,34389],{},[15,42917,8765],{},[15,42919,8771],{},[20,42921,42922,42923,72],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42924,34948],{},[35,42926,42928],{"className":37,"code":42927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42929,42930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42931,42932,42934,42936,42938,42940,42942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42933,1913],{"class":153},[44,42935,157],{"class":58},[44,42937,3564],{"class":1861},[44,42939,108],{"class":58},[44,42941,8771],{"class":1923},[44,42943,162],{"class":58},[20,42945,42946],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[192,42948,42949,42954],{},[195,42950,172,42951,42953],{},[15,42952,34231],{}," to discover options",[195,42955,172,42956,42958],{},[15,42957,34948],{}," to understand one option",[30,42960,1803],{"id":1802},[20,42962,42963,42964,108],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42965,34948],{},[1960,42967,567,42969,42972,42973],{"id":42968},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42970,42971],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42974,42975],{},"help(len)",[20,42977,42978],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,42980,42982],{"className":37,"code":42981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42983,42984,42994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42985,42986,42988,42990,42992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42987,1913],{"class":153},[44,42989,157],{"class":58},[44,42991,11271],{"class":153},[44,42993,162],{"class":58},[44,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002,43004,43006],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,42997,1913],{"class":153},[44,42999,157],{"class":58},[44,43001,343],{"class":62},[44,43003,11271],{"class":66},[44,43005,343],{"class":62},[44,43007,162],{"class":58},[20,43009,43010,43012],{},[15,43011,42975],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43014,43015,43017,43018,43021],{},[15,43016,42971],{}," treats ",[15,43019,43020],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1960,43023,43025],{"id":43024},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43027,43028,43030],{},[15,43029,34948],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43032,43033],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1960,43035,43037],{"id":43036},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43039,40269,43040,43042],{},[15,43041,34948],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43044,223],{},[35,43046,43048],{"className":37,"code":43047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43049,43050,43060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43051,43052,43054,43056,43058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43053,1913],{"class":153},[44,43055,157],{"class":58},[44,43057,11271],{"class":153},[44,43059,162],{"class":58},[44,43061,43062,43064,43066,43068,43071,43073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43063,154],{"class":153},[44,43065,157],{"class":58},[44,43067,63],{"class":62},[44,43069,43070],{"class":66},"Done",[44,43072,63],{"class":62},[44,43074,162],{"class":58},[20,43076,43077],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1960,43079,37128,43081,8835,43083],{"id":43080},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43082,34948],{},[15,43084,34231],{},[20,43086,43087,43088,108],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43089,34231],{},[20,43091,43092,43093,108],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43094,34948],{},[30,43096,43098],{"id":43097},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43100,43101],{},"Open Python:",[35,43103,43104],{"className":37,"code":35464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43105,43106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43107,43108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43109,35464],{"class":50},[20,43111,43112],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,43114,43116],{"className":37,"code":43115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43117,43118,43128,43142,43156,43166,43181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43119,43120,43122,43124,43126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43121,1913],{"class":153},[44,43123,157],{"class":58},[44,43125,11271],{"class":153},[44,43127,162],{"class":58},[44,43129,43130,43132,43134,43136,43138,43140],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43131,1913],{"class":153},[44,43133,157],{"class":58},[44,43135,3564],{"class":1861},[44,43137,108],{"class":58},[44,43139,34389],{"class":1923},[44,43141,162],{"class":58},[44,43143,43144,43146,43148,43150,43152,43154],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,43145,1913],{"class":153},[44,43147,157],{"class":58},[44,43149,1878],{"class":1861},[44,43151,108],{"class":58},[44,43153,13646],{"class":1923},[44,43155,162],{"class":58},[44,43157,43158,43160,43162,43164],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,43159,1913],{"class":153},[44,43161,157],{"class":58},[44,43163,42354],{"class":153},[44,43165,162],{"class":58},[44,43167,43168,43170,43172,43174,43177,43179],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,43169,1913],{"class":153},[44,43171,157],{"class":58},[44,43173,343],{"class":62},[44,43175,43176],{"class":66},"keywords",[44,43178,343],{"class":62},[44,43180,162],{"class":58},[44,43182,43183,43185,43187,43189],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,43184,34292],{"class":153},[44,43186,157],{"class":58},[44,43188,3564],{"class":1861},[44,43190,162],{"class":58},[20,43192,43193],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[192,43195,43196,43199,43202,43205,43208,43211],{},[195,43197,43198],{},"A built-in function",[195,43200,43201],{},"A string method",[195,43203,43204],{},"A list method",[195,43206,43207],{},"A built-in file function",[195,43209,43210],{},"A special help topic",[195,43212,15274,43213,43215],{},[15,43214,34231],{}," example for comparison",[30,43217,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,43219,43221],{"id":43220},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43223,43224],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1960,43226,43228],{"id":43227},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43230,43231,43232,43234],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43233,34948],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,43236,43238],{"className":37,"code":43237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43239,43240,43252,43265,43284,43288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43241,43242,43244,43246,43248,43250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43243,34772],{"class":2182},[44,43245,34776],{"class":34775},[44,43247,157],{"class":58},[44,43249,67],{"class":37587},[44,43251,8473],{"class":58},[44,43253,43254,43258,43262],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43255,43257],{"class":43256},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,43259,43261],{"class":43260},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,43263,43264],{"class":43256},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43266,43267,43269,43272,43275,43277,43279,43281],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,43268,34783],{"class":4002},[44,43270,43271],{"class":2182}," f",[44,43273,43274],{"class":66},"\"Hello, ",[44,43276,340],{"class":95},[44,43278,67],{"class":50},[44,43280,22373],{"class":95},[44,43282,43283],{"class":66},"!\"\n",[44,43285,43286],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,43287,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,43289,43290,43292,43294,43296],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,43291,1913],{"class":153},[44,43293,157],{"class":58},[44,43295,34818],{"class":111},[44,43297,162],{"class":58},[1960,43299,43301],{"id":43300},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43303,43304,43306,43307,43309],{},[15,43305,42975],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43308,42971],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1960,43311,43313],{"id":43312},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43315,43316],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43318,2020],{"id":2019},[192,43320,43321,43326,43330,43335,43340],{},[195,43322,43323],{},[395,43324,43325],{"href":42533},"Python dir() function explained",[195,43327,43328],{},[395,43329,8573],{"href":2416},[195,43331,43332],{},[395,43333,43334],{"href":42285},"Python len() function explained",[195,43336,43337],{},[395,43338,43339],{"href":42580},"How import works in Python",[195,43341,43342],{},[395,43343,35078],{"href":42585},[20,43345,43346,43347,43349,43350,2307,43352,17153,43354,43356,43357,2997,43360,43363],{},"Try ",[15,43348,34948],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43351,11271],{},[15,43353,154],{},[15,43355,42390],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43358,43359],{},"dir(str)",[15,43361,43362],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2048,43365,43366],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":43368},[43369,43370,43371,43372,43378,43379,43380,43381,43385,43393,43394,43400],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":42250,"depth":102,"text":42251},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":42375,"depth":102,"text":42376,"children":43373},[43374,43375,43376,43377],{"id":42379,"depth":150,"text":42380},{"id":42432,"depth":150,"text":42433},{"id":34426,"depth":150,"text":42270},{"id":34579,"depth":150,"text":42273},{"id":34838,"depth":102,"text":34839},{"id":42652,"depth":102,"text":42653},{"id":42713,"depth":102,"text":42714},{"id":42855,"depth":102,"text":42856,"children":43382},[43383,43384],{"id":1913,"depth":150,"text":34948},{"id":34292,"depth":150,"text":34231},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":43386},[43387,43389,43390,43391],{"id":42968,"depth":150,"text":43388},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43024,"depth":150,"text":43025},{"id":43036,"depth":150,"text":43037},{"id":43080,"depth":150,"text":43392},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43097,"depth":102,"text":43098},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":43395},[43396,43397,43398,43399],{"id":43220,"depth":150,"text":43221},{"id":43227,"depth":150,"text":43228},{"id":43300,"depth":150,"text":43301},{"id":43312,"depth":150,"text":43313},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42179,"description":43401},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43407,"title":43408,"body":43409,"description":44771,"extension":2080,"meta":44772,"navigation":682,"path":44773,"seo":44774,"stem":44775,"__hash__":44776},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43410,"toc":44744},[43411,43417,43422,43428,43438,43497,43507,43518,43523,43529,43531,43549,43557,43559,43561,43576,43579,43590,43592,43683,43686,43690,43695,43716,43718,43829,43831,43858,43869,43873,43876,43959,43961,43969,43975,43981,43985,43988,44098,44100,44113,44116,44130,44138,44145,44150,44164,44170,44283,44285,44346,44349,44355,44361,44364,44386,44389,44459,44462,44494,44501,44503,44506,44524,44527,44539,44545,44547,44552,44578,44581,44653,44655,44661,44664,44670,44673,44679,44689,44695,44698,44705,44708,44710,44741],[10,43412,3697,43414,3701],{"id":43413},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43415,43416],{},"id()",[20,43418,32236,43419,43421],{},[15,43420,43416],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43423,43424,43425,43427],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43426,43416],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43429,172,43430,43432,43433,43435,43436,108],{},[15,43431,43416],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3868,43434,4762],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43437,4820],{},[35,43439,43441],{"className":37,"code":43440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43442,43443,43455,43469,43473,43483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43444,43445,43447,43449,43451,43453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43446,8007],{"class":50},[44,43448,55],{"class":54},[44,43450,75],{"class":62},[44,43452,7428],{"class":66},[44,43454,3479],{"class":62},[44,43456,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43458,154],{"class":153},[44,43460,157],{"class":58},[44,43462,12748],{"class":153},[44,43464,157],{"class":58},[44,43466,67],{"class":111},[44,43468,1869],{"class":58},[44,43470,43471],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,43472,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,43474,43475,43478,43480],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,43476,43477],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43479,55],{"class":54},[44,43481,43482],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43484,43485,43487,43489,43491,43493,43495],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,43486,154],{"class":153},[44,43488,157],{"class":58},[44,43490,12748],{"class":153},[44,43492,157],{"class":58},[44,43494,424],{"class":111},[44,43496,1869],{"class":58},[20,43498,43499,43500,43503,43504,43506],{},"In this example, ",[15,43501,43502],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43505,43416],{}," values match.",[43508,43509,43510],"blockquote",{},[20,43511,172,43512,43514,43515,43517],{},[15,43513,43416],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43516,4820],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43519,179,43521,182],{"id":43520},"what-id-does",[15,43522,43416],{},[20,43524,43525,43528],{},[15,43526,43527],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43530,13148],{},[192,43532,43533,43536,43543,43546],{},[195,43534,43535],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[195,43537,43538,43539,43542],{},"It shows ",[3868,43540,43541],{},"object identity",", not object value",[195,43544,43545],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[195,43547,43548],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43550,43551,43552,43556],{},"This is closely related to how ",[395,43553,43555],{"href":43554},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43558,402],{"id":401},[20,43560,5564],{},[35,43562,43564],{"className":37,"code":43563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43565,43566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43567,43568,43570,43572,43574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43569,12748],{"class":153},[44,43571,157],{"class":58},[44,43573,42326],{"class":1861},[44,43575,162],{"class":58},[20,43577,43578],{},"Important details:",[192,43580,43581,43584,43587],{},[195,43582,43583],{},"It takes one argument",[195,43585,43586],{},"It returns an integer",[195,43588,43589],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43591,223],{},[35,43593,43595],{"className":37,"code":43594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43596,43597,43609,43617,43637,43641,43655,43669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43598,43599,43601,43603,43605,43607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43600,34608],{"class":50},[44,43602,55],{"class":54},[44,43604,75],{"class":62},[44,43606,3971],{"class":66},[44,43608,3479],{"class":62},[44,43610,43611,43613,43615],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43612,2335],{"class":50},[44,43614,55],{"class":54},[44,43616,2888],{"class":95},[44,43618,43619,43621,43623,43625,43627,43629,43631,43633,43635],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,43620,7910],{"class":50},[44,43622,55],{"class":54},[44,43624,3746],{"class":58},[44,43626,3108],{"class":95},[44,43628,83],{"class":58},[44,43630,1012],{"class":95},[44,43632,83],{"class":58},[44,43634,1017],{"class":95},[44,43636,3759],{"class":58},[44,43638,43639],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,43640,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,43642,43643,43645,43647,43649,43651,43653],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,43644,154],{"class":153},[44,43646,157],{"class":58},[44,43648,12748],{"class":153},[44,43650,157],{"class":58},[44,43652,34629],{"class":111},[44,43654,1869],{"class":58},[44,43656,43657,43659,43661,43663,43665,43667],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,43658,154],{"class":153},[44,43660,157],{"class":58},[44,43662,12748],{"class":153},[44,43664,157],{"class":58},[44,43666,2357],{"class":111},[44,43668,1869],{"class":58},[44,43670,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,43672,154],{"class":153},[44,43674,157],{"class":58},[44,43676,12748],{"class":153},[44,43678,157],{"class":58},[44,43680,7940],{"class":111},[44,43682,1869],{"class":58},[20,43684,43685],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43687,43689],{"id":43688},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43691,43692,43693,108],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43694,43416],{},[192,43696,43697,43704,43711],{},[195,43698,43699,43701,43702],{},[15,43700,4820],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3868,43703,2590],{},[195,43705,43706,43708,43709],{},[15,43707,12295],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3868,43710,42326],{},[195,43712,43713,43715],{},[15,43714,43416],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43717,223],{},[35,43719,43721],{"className":37,"code":43720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43722,43723,43743,43763,43767,43784,43801,43815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43724,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733,43735,43737,43739,43741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43726,2673],{"class":50},[44,43728,55],{"class":54},[44,43730,3746],{"class":58},[44,43732,3108],{"class":95},[44,43734,83],{"class":58},[44,43736,1012],{"class":95},[44,43738,83],{"class":58},[44,43740,1017],{"class":95},[44,43742,3759],{"class":58},[44,43744,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753,43755,43757,43759,43761],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43746,2701],{"class":50},[44,43748,55],{"class":54},[44,43750,3746],{"class":58},[44,43752,3108],{"class":95},[44,43754,83],{"class":58},[44,43756,1012],{"class":95},[44,43758,83],{"class":58},[44,43760,1017],{"class":95},[44,43762,3759],{"class":58},[44,43764,43765],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,43766,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,43768,43769,43771,43773,43775,43777,43779,43781],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,43770,154],{"class":153},[44,43772,157],{"class":58},[44,43774,2673],{"class":111},[44,43776,4820],{"class":54},[44,43778,2678],{"class":111},[44,43780,3786],{"class":58},[44,43782,43783],{"class":168},"   # True\n",[44,43785,43786,43788,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,43787,154],{"class":153},[44,43789,157],{"class":58},[44,43791,2673],{"class":111},[44,43793,12295],{"class":4002},[44,43795,2678],{"class":111},[44,43797,3786],{"class":58},[44,43799,43800],{"class":168},"   # False\n",[44,43802,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,43804,154],{"class":153},[44,43806,157],{"class":58},[44,43808,12748],{"class":153},[44,43810,157],{"class":58},[44,43812,395],{"class":111},[44,43814,1869],{"class":58},[44,43816,43817,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,43818,154],{"class":153},[44,43820,157],{"class":58},[44,43822,12748],{"class":153},[44,43824,157],{"class":58},[44,43826,1005],{"class":111},[44,43828,1869],{"class":58},[20,43830,2296],{},[192,43832,43833,43841,43849],{},[195,43834,43835,4915,43838,43840],{},[15,43836,43837],{},"a == b",[15,43839,3726],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[195,43842,43843,4915,43846,43848],{},[15,43844,43845],{},"a is b",[15,43847,3799],{}," because they are different list objects",[195,43850,43851,4523,43854,43857],{},[15,43852,43853],{},"id(a)",[15,43855,43856],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43859,43860,43861,4523,43865,108],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[395,43862,43864],{"href":43863},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[395,43866,43868],{"href":43867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,43870,43872],{"id":43871},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43874,43875],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43877,43879],{"className":37,"code":43878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43880,43881,43901,43911,43915,43929,43944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43882,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43884,3741],{"class":50},[44,43886,55],{"class":54},[44,43888,3746],{"class":58},[44,43890,2448],{"class":95},[44,43892,83],{"class":58},[44,43894,96],{"class":95},[44,43896,83],{"class":58},[44,43898,7925],{"class":95},[44,43900,3759],{"class":58},[44,43902,43903,43906,43908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,43904,43905],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43907,55],{"class":54},[44,43909,43910],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43912,43913],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,43914,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,43916,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43927],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,43918,154],{"class":153},[44,43920,157],{"class":58},[44,43922,12748],{"class":153},[44,43924,157],{"class":58},[44,43926,3773],{"class":111},[44,43928,1869],{"class":58},[44,43930,43931,43933,43935,43937,43939,43942],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,43932,154],{"class":153},[44,43934,157],{"class":58},[44,43936,12748],{"class":153},[44,43938,157],{"class":58},[44,43940,43941],{"class":111},"other_numbers",[44,43943,1869],{"class":58},[44,43945,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954,43957],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,43947,154],{"class":153},[44,43949,157],{"class":58},[44,43951,3741],{"class":111},[44,43953,12295],{"class":4002},[44,43955,43956],{"class":111}," other_numbers",[44,43958,162],{"class":58},[20,43960,5688],{},[35,43962,43963],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43964,43965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43966,43967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43968,4107],{"class":1400},[20,43970,43971,43972,43974],{},"The two ",[15,43973,43416],{}," values will also match.",[20,43976,22260,43977,43980],{},[15,43978,43979],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,43982,43984],{"id":43983},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43986,43987],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,43989,43991],{"className":37,"code":43990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43992,43993,44014,44035,44039,44054,44068,44083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43994,43995,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43996,43997],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,43999,55],{"class":54},[44,44001,3746],{"class":58},[44,44003,3108],{"class":95},[44,44005,83],{"class":58},[44,44007,1012],{"class":95},[44,44009,83],{"class":58},[44,44011,1017],{"class":95},[44,44013,3759],{"class":58},[44,44015,44016,44019,44021,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44017,44018],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,44020,55],{"class":54},[44,44022,3746],{"class":58},[44,44024,3108],{"class":95},[44,44026,83],{"class":58},[44,44028,1012],{"class":95},[44,44030,83],{"class":58},[44,44032,1017],{"class":95},[44,44034,3759],{"class":58},[44,44036,44037],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,44038,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44052],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,44042,154],{"class":153},[44,44044,157],{"class":58},[44,44046,43997],{"class":111},[44,44048,4820],{"class":54},[44,44050,44051],{"class":111}," list_b",[44,44053,162],{"class":58},[44,44055,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44066],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,44057,154],{"class":153},[44,44059,157],{"class":58},[44,44061,43997],{"class":111},[44,44063,12295],{"class":4002},[44,44065,44051],{"class":111},[44,44067,162],{"class":58},[44,44069,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44081],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,44071,154],{"class":153},[44,44073,157],{"class":58},[44,44075,12748],{"class":153},[44,44077,157],{"class":58},[44,44079,44080],{"class":111},"list_a",[44,44082,1869],{"class":58},[44,44084,44085,44087,44089,44091,44093,44096],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,44086,154],{"class":153},[44,44088,157],{"class":58},[44,44090,12748],{"class":153},[44,44092,157],{"class":58},[44,44094,44095],{"class":111},"list_b",[44,44097,1869],{"class":58},[20,44099,5688],{},[35,44101,44103],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44104,44105,44109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44106,44107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44108,4107],{"class":1400},[44,44110,44111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44112,4168],{"class":1400},[20,44114,44115],{},"What this means:",[192,44117,44118,44121,44124],{},[195,44119,44120],{},"The lists are equal in value",[195,44122,44123],{},"They are not the same object",[195,44125,44126,44127,44129],{},"Their ",[15,44128,43416],{}," values are usually different",[20,44131,44132,44133,44135,44136,108],{},"This is why ",[15,44134,43416],{}," should not replace ",[15,44137,4820],{},[30,44139,44141,44142,44144],{"id":44140},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44143,43416],{}," is useful",[20,44146,44147,44149],{},[15,44148,43416],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[192,44151,44152,44155,44158,44161],{},[195,44153,44154],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[195,44156,44157],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[195,44159,44160],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[195,44162,44163],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44165,44166,44167,44169],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44168,43416],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,44171,44173],{"className":37,"code":44172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44174,44175,44199,44208,44212,44231,44235,44245,44255,44269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44176,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189,44191,44193,44195,44197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44178,1585],{"class":50},[44,44180,55],{"class":54},[44,44182,3746],{"class":58},[44,44184,63],{"class":62},[44,44186,395],{"class":66},[44,44188,63],{"class":62},[44,44190,83],{"class":58},[44,44192,75],{"class":62},[44,44194,1005],{"class":66},[44,44196,63],{"class":62},[44,44198,3759],{"class":58},[44,44200,44201,44204,44206],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44202,44203],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,44205,55],{"class":54},[44,44207,12227],{"class":50},[44,44209,44210],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,44211,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,44213,44214,44217,44219,44221,44223,44225,44227,44229],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,44215,44216],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,44218,108],{"class":58},[44,44220,13646],{"class":111},[44,44222,157],{"class":58},[44,44224,63],{"class":62},[44,44226,9855],{"class":66},[44,44228,63],{"class":62},[44,44230,162],{"class":58},[44,44232,44233],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,44234,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,44236,44237,44239,44241,44243],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,44238,154],{"class":153},[44,44240,157],{"class":58},[44,44242,1692],{"class":111},[44,44244,162],{"class":58},[44,44246,44247,44249,44251,44253],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,44248,154],{"class":153},[44,44250,157],{"class":58},[44,44252,44216],{"class":111},[44,44254,162],{"class":58},[44,44256,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,44258,154],{"class":153},[44,44260,157],{"class":58},[44,44262,12748],{"class":153},[44,44264,157],{"class":58},[44,44266,1692],{"class":111},[44,44268,1869],{"class":58},[44,44270,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,44272,154],{"class":153},[44,44274,157],{"class":58},[44,44276,12748],{"class":153},[44,44278,157],{"class":58},[44,44280,44216],{"class":111},[44,44282,1869],{"class":58},[20,44284,5688],{},[35,44286,44288],{"className":37,"code":44287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44289,44290,44318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44291,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308,44310,44312,44314,44316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44293,4027],{"class":58},[44,44295,343],{"class":62},[44,44297,395],{"class":66},[44,44299,343],{"class":62},[44,44301,83],{"class":58},[44,44303,352],{"class":62},[44,44305,1005],{"class":66},[44,44307,343],{"class":62},[44,44309,83],{"class":58},[44,44311,352],{"class":62},[44,44313,9855],{"class":66},[44,44315,343],{"class":62},[44,44317,3759],{"class":58},[44,44319,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336,44338,44340,44342,44344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44321,4027],{"class":58},[44,44323,343],{"class":62},[44,44325,395],{"class":66},[44,44327,343],{"class":62},[44,44329,83],{"class":58},[44,44331,352],{"class":62},[44,44333,1005],{"class":66},[44,44335,343],{"class":62},[44,44337,83],{"class":58},[44,44339,352],{"class":62},[44,44341,9855],{"class":66},[44,44343,343],{"class":62},[44,44345,3759],{"class":58},[20,44347,44348],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44350,44352,44353],{"id":44351},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44354,43416],{},[20,44356,44357,44358,44360],{},"Do not use ",[15,44359,43416],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44362,44363],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[192,44365,44366,44372,44378,44381],{},[195,44367,44368,44369,44371],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44370,4820],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[195,44373,44374,44375,44377],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44376,43416],{}," values across program runs",[195,44379,44380],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[195,44382,44383,44384],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44385,43416],{},[20,44387,44388],{},"Bad example:",[35,44390,44392],{"className":37,"code":44391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44393,44394,44406,44418,44422,44444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44395,44396,44398,44400,44402,44404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44397,2673],{"class":50},[44,44399,55],{"class":54},[44,44401,75],{"class":62},[44,44403,36971],{"class":66},[44,44405,3479],{"class":62},[44,44407,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44409,2701],{"class":50},[44,44411,55],{"class":54},[44,44413,75],{"class":62},[44,44415,36971],{"class":66},[44,44417,3479],{"class":62},[44,44419,44420],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,44421,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,44423,44424,44426,44428,44430,44432,44434,44436,44438,44440,44442],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,44425,7128],{"class":4002},[44,44427,14903],{"class":153},[44,44429,157],{"class":58},[44,44431,395],{"class":111},[44,44433,3786],{"class":58},[44,44435,6538],{"class":54},[44,44437,14903],{"class":153},[44,44439,157],{"class":58},[44,44441,1005],{"class":111},[44,44443,8473],{"class":58},[44,44445,44446,44448,44450,44452,44455,44457],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,44447,8200],{"class":153},[44,44449,157],{"class":58},[44,44451,63],{"class":62},[44,44453,44454],{"class":66},"The values are equal",[44,44456,63],{"class":62},[44,44458,162],{"class":58},[20,44460,44461],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44463,44465],{"className":37,"code":44464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44466,44467,44480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44468,44469,44471,44474,44476,44478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44470,7128],{"class":4002},[44,44472,44473],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44475,4820],{"class":54},[44,44477,2678],{"class":50},[44,44479,6523],{"class":58},[44,44481,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44483,8200],{"class":153},[44,44485,157],{"class":58},[44,44487,63],{"class":62},[44,44489,44454],{"class":66},[44,44491,63],{"class":62},[44,44493,162],{"class":58},[20,44495,172,44496,2997,44498,44500],{},[15,44497,12295],{},[15,44499,43416],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44502,20873],{"id":20872},[20,44504,44505],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[192,44507,44508,44511,44514,44519],{},[195,44509,44510],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[195,44512,44513],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[195,44515,44516,44517],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44518,43416],{},[195,44520,44521,44522],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44523,43416],{},[20,44525,44526],{},"The important rule is:",[192,44528,44529,44534],{},[195,44530,172,44531,44533],{},[15,44532,4820],{}," to check value",[195,44535,172,44536,44538],{},[15,44537,12295],{}," to check identity",[20,44540,44541,44542,44544],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44543,43416],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44546,1803],{"id":1802},[20,44548,44549,44550,72],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44551,43416],{},[192,44553,44554,44562,44565,44568,44573],{},[195,44555,567,44556,44558,44559,44561],{},[15,44557,43416],{}," when ",[15,44560,4820],{}," should be used",[195,44563,44564],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[195,44566,44567],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[195,44569,44570,44571],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44572,43416],{},[195,44574,567,44575,44577],{},[15,44576,43416],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44579,44580],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44582,44584],{"className":37,"code":44583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44585,44586,44601,44615,44629,44643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44587,44588,44590,44592,44594,44596,44599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44589,154],{"class":153},[44,44591,157],{"class":58},[44,44593,12748],{"class":153},[44,44595,157],{"class":58},[44,44597,44598],{"class":111},"my_object",[44,44600,1869],{"class":58},[44,44602,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44604,154],{"class":153},[44,44606,157],{"class":58},[44,44608,2673],{"class":111},[44,44610,4820],{"class":54},[44,44612,2678],{"class":111},[44,44614,162],{"class":58},[44,44616,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625,44627],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,44618,154],{"class":153},[44,44620,157],{"class":58},[44,44622,2673],{"class":111},[44,44624,12295],{"class":4002},[44,44626,2678],{"class":111},[44,44628,162],{"class":58},[44,44630,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,44632,154],{"class":153},[44,44634,157],{"class":58},[44,44636,1862],{"class":1861},[44,44638,157],{"class":58},[44,44640,44598],{"class":111},[44,44642,1869],{"class":58},[44,44644,44645,44647,44649,44651],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,44646,1913],{"class":153},[44,44648,157],{"class":58},[44,44650,12748],{"class":153},[44,44652,162],{"class":58},[30,44654,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,44656,44658,44659,12814],{"id":44657},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44660,43416],{},[20,44662,44663],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1960,44665,14989,44667,44669],{"id":44666},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44668,43416],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44671,44672],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1960,44674,21492,44676,44678],{"id":44675},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44677,43416],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44680,30337,44681,44683,44684,2997,44686,44688],{},[15,44682,4820],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44685,43416],{},[15,44687,12295],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1960,44690,44692,44693,2610],{"id":44691},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44694,43416],{},[20,44696,44697],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1960,44699,44701,44702,44704],{"id":44700},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44703,43416],{}," values?",[20,44706,44707],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44709,2020],{"id":2019},[192,44711,44712,44717,44722,44727,44735],{},[195,44713,44714],{},[395,44715,44716],{"href":43554},"Python variables explained for beginners",[195,44718,44719],{},[395,44720,44721],{"href":43863},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[195,44723,44724],{},[395,44725,44726],{"href":43867},"Python data types overview",[195,44728,44729],{},[395,44730,3697,44732,3630],{"href":44731},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44733,44734],{},"isinstance()",[195,44736,44737],{},[395,44738,44740],{"href":44739},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2048,44742,44743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":44745},[44746,44748,44749,44750,44751,44752,44754,44756,44757,44758,44770],{"id":43520,"depth":102,"text":44747},"What id() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":43688,"depth":102,"text":43689},{"id":43871,"depth":102,"text":43872},{"id":43983,"depth":102,"text":43984},{"id":44140,"depth":102,"text":44753},"When id() is useful",{"id":44351,"depth":102,"text":44755},"When not to use id()",{"id":20872,"depth":102,"text":20873},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":44759},[44760,44762,44764,44766,44768],{"id":44657,"depth":150,"text":44761},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44666,"depth":150,"text":44763},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44675,"depth":150,"text":44765},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44691,"depth":150,"text":44767},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44700,"depth":150,"text":44769},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43408,"description":44771},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44778,"title":42121,"body":44779,"description":46419,"extension":2080,"meta":46420,"navigation":682,"path":46421,"seo":46422,"stem":46423,"__hash__":46424},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44780,"toc":46385},[44781,44786,44791,44794,44796,44839,44844,44847,44852,44857,44860,44876,44878,44922,44924,44951,44953,44968,44970,44972,44974,44990,44992,45004,45007,45041,45044,45069,45074,45076,45081,45085,45088,45090,45138,45140,45173,45179,45190,45192,45244,45246,45277,45279,45283,45287,45330,45336,45342,45394,45402,45407,45411,45502,45504,45537,45540,45542,45602,45604,45630,45640,45642,45646,45651,45656,45658,45695,45697,45716,45719,45723,45726,45782,45794,45803,45805,45832,45840,45847,45851,45854,45891,45894,45900,45937,45939,45943,45949,45967,45972,46020,46024,46113,46116,46123,46125,46127,46132,46150,46152,46195,46201,46218,46220,46282,46284,46286,46292,46300,46306,46312,46321,46331,46335,46343,46345,46347,46382],[10,44782,3697,44784,3701],{"id":44783},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44785,3077],{},[20,44787,22,44788,44790],{},[15,44789,3077],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44792,44793],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,44795,33],{"id":32},[35,44797,44799],{"className":37,"code":44798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44800,44801,44820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44802,44803,44805,44807,44809,44811,44813,44816,44818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44804,8007],{"class":50},[44,44806,55],{"class":54},[44,44808,8373],{"class":153},[44,44810,157],{"class":58},[44,44812,63],{"class":62},[44,44814,44815],{"class":66},"Enter your name: ",[44,44817,63],{"class":62},[44,44819,162],{"class":58},[44,44821,44822,44824,44826,44828,44831,44833,44835,44837],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44823,154],{"class":153},[44,44825,157],{"class":58},[44,44827,63],{"class":62},[44,44829,44830],{"class":66},"Hello, ",[44,44832,63],{"class":62},[44,44834,2571],{"class":54},[44,44836,35914],{"class":111},[44,44838,162],{"class":58},[20,44840,172,44841,44843],{},[15,44842,3077],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44845,44846],"hr",{},[30,44848,179,44850,182],{"id":44849},"what-input-does",[15,44851,3077],{},[20,44853,44854,44856],{},[15,44855,3077],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44858,44859],{},"Here is what happens:",[192,44861,44862,44867,44870,44873],{},[195,44863,44864,44866],{},[15,44865,3077],{}," waits for the user to type",[195,44868,44869],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[195,44871,44872],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[195,44874,44875],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44877,223],{},[35,44879,44881],{"className":37,"code":44880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44882,44883,44903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44884,44885,44888,44890,44892,44894,44896,44899,44901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44886,44887],{"class":50},"color ",[44,44889,55],{"class":54},[44,44891,8373],{"class":153},[44,44893,157],{"class":58},[44,44895,63],{"class":62},[44,44897,44898],{"class":66},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,44900,63],{"class":62},[44,44902,162],{"class":58},[44,44904,44905,44907,44909,44911,44914,44916,44918,44920],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44906,154],{"class":153},[44,44908,157],{"class":58},[44,44910,63],{"class":62},[44,44912,44913],{"class":66},"Your favorite color is",[44,44915,63],{"class":62},[44,44917,83],{"class":58},[44,44919,35773],{"class":111},[44,44921,162],{"class":58},[20,44923,30096],{},[35,44925,44927],{"className":37,"code":44926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44928,44929,44942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44930,44931,44933,44935,44938,44940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44932,179],{"class":50},[44,44934,12295],{"class":54},[44,44936,44937],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,44939,2610],{"class":37291},[44,44941,35803],{"class":50},[44,44943,44944,44947,44949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,44945,44946],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,44948,12295],{"class":54},[44,44950,35803],{"class":50},[20,44952,20031],{},[192,44954,44955,44960,44965],{},[195,44956,44957,44958],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44959,44898],{},[195,44961,44962,44963],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44964,32810],{},[195,44966,44967],{},"That value is then printed",[44845,44969],{},[30,44971,402],{"id":401},[20,44973,7349],{},[35,44975,44977],{"className":37,"code":44976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44978,44979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44980,44981,44983,44985,44988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44982,42390],{"class":153},[44,44984,157],{"class":58},[44,44986,44987],{"class":111},"prompt",[44,44989,162],{"class":58},[20,44991,11564],{},[192,44993,44994,44998,45001],{},[195,44995,22,44996,20113],{},[15,44997,44987],{},[195,44999,45000],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[195,45002,45003],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45005,45006],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,45008,45010],{"className":37,"code":45009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45011,45012,45031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45013,45014,45016,45018,45020,45022,45024,45027,45029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45015,8092],{"class":50},[44,45017,55],{"class":54},[44,45019,8373],{"class":153},[44,45021,157],{"class":58},[44,45023,63],{"class":62},[44,45025,45026],{"class":66},"Enter your username: ",[44,45028,63],{"class":62},[44,45030,162],{"class":58},[44,45032,45033,45035,45037,45039],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45034,154],{"class":153},[44,45036,157],{"class":58},[44,45038,8116],{"class":111},[44,45040,162],{"class":58},[20,45042,45043],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,45045,45047],{"className":37,"code":45046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45048,45049,45059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45050,45051,45053,45055,45057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45052,2564],{"class":50},[44,45054,55],{"class":54},[44,45056,8373],{"class":153},[44,45058,1635],{"class":58},[44,45060,45061,45063,45065,45067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45062,154],{"class":153},[44,45064,157],{"class":58},[44,45066,2590],{"class":111},[44,45068,162],{"class":58},[20,45070,7893,45071,45073],{},[15,45072,3077],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44845,45075],{},[30,45077,179,45079,11810],{"id":45078},"what-input-returns",[15,45080,3077],{},[20,45082,45083,8356],{},[15,45084,3077],{},[20,45086,45087],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45089,223],{},[35,45091,45093],{"className":37,"code":45092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45094,45095,45114,45124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45096,45097,45099,45101,45103,45105,45107,45110,45112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45098,21699],{"class":50},[44,45100,55],{"class":54},[44,45102,8373],{"class":153},[44,45104,157],{"class":58},[44,45106,63],{"class":62},[44,45108,45109],{"class":66},"Enter your age: ",[44,45111,63],{"class":62},[44,45113,162],{"class":58},[44,45115,45116,45118,45120,45122],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45117,154],{"class":153},[44,45119,157],{"class":58},[44,45121,88],{"class":111},[44,45123,162],{"class":58},[44,45125,45126,45128,45130,45132,45134,45136],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45127,154],{"class":153},[44,45129,157],{"class":58},[44,45131,1862],{"class":1861},[44,45133,157],{"class":58},[44,45135,88],{"class":111},[44,45137,1869],{"class":58},[20,45139,30096],{},[35,45141,45143],{"className":37,"code":45142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45144,45145,45155,45159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45146,45147,45150,45152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45148,45149],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,45151,72],{"class":58},[44,45153,45154],{"class":95}," 25\n",[44,45156,45157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45158,2828],{"class":95},[44,45160,45161,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45162,3411],{"class":54},[44,45164,3414],{"class":2182},[44,45166,352],{"class":62},[44,45168,3564],{"class":66},[44,45170,343],{"class":62},[44,45172,3423],{"class":54},[20,45174,45175,45176,45178],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45177,1100],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45180,45181,45182,2997,45186,108],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[395,45183,45184],{"href":2993},[15,45185,2996],{},[395,45187,45188],{"href":3000},[15,45189,3003],{},[20,45191,223],{},[35,45193,45195],{"className":37,"code":45194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45196,45197,45220,45230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45198,45199,45201,45203,45206,45208,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45200,21699],{"class":50},[44,45202,55],{"class":54},[44,45204,45205],{"class":1861}," int",[44,45207,157],{"class":58},[44,45209,42390],{"class":153},[44,45211,157],{"class":58},[44,45213,63],{"class":62},[44,45215,45109],{"class":66},[44,45217,63],{"class":62},[44,45219,1869],{"class":58},[44,45221,45222,45224,45226,45228],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45223,154],{"class":153},[44,45225,157],{"class":58},[44,45227,88],{"class":111},[44,45229,162],{"class":58},[44,45231,45232,45234,45236,45238,45240,45242],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45233,154],{"class":153},[44,45235,157],{"class":58},[44,45237,1862],{"class":1861},[44,45239,157],{"class":58},[44,45241,88],{"class":111},[44,45243,1869],{"class":58},[20,45245,30096],{},[35,45247,45249],{"className":37,"code":45248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45250,45251,45259,45263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45252,45253,45255,45257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45254,45149],{"class":50},[44,45256,72],{"class":58},[44,45258,45154],{"class":95},[44,45260,45261],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45262,2828],{"class":95},[44,45264,45265,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45266,3411],{"class":54},[44,45268,3414],{"class":2182},[44,45270,352],{"class":62},[44,45272,2306],{"class":66},[44,45274,343],{"class":62},[44,45276,3423],{"class":54},[44845,45278],{},[30,45280,45282],{"id":45281},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1960,45284,45286],{"id":45285},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,45288,45290],{"className":37,"code":45289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45291,45292,45311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45293,45294,45296,45298,45300,45302,45304,45307,45309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45295,8007],{"class":50},[44,45297,55],{"class":54},[44,45299,8373],{"class":153},[44,45301,157],{"class":58},[44,45303,63],{"class":62},[44,45305,45306],{"class":66},"What is your name? ",[44,45308,63],{"class":62},[44,45310,162],{"class":58},[44,45312,45313,45315,45317,45319,45322,45324,45326,45328],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45314,154],{"class":153},[44,45316,157],{"class":58},[44,45318,63],{"class":62},[44,45320,45321],{"class":66},"Hello,",[44,45323,63],{"class":62},[44,45325,83],{"class":58},[44,45327,35914],{"class":111},[44,45329,162],{"class":58},[20,45331,45332,45333,45335],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45334,67],{}," and prints it.",[1960,45337,45339,45340],{"id":45338},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45341,2996],{},[35,45343,45345],{"className":37,"code":45344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45346,45347,45370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45348,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357,45359,45361,45363,45366,45368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45350,21699],{"class":50},[44,45352,55],{"class":54},[44,45354,45205],{"class":1861},[44,45356,157],{"class":58},[44,45358,42390],{"class":153},[44,45360,157],{"class":58},[44,45362,63],{"class":62},[44,45364,45365],{"class":66},"How old are you? ",[44,45367,63],{"class":62},[44,45369,1869],{"class":58},[44,45371,45372,45374,45376,45378,45381,45383,45385,45388,45390,45392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45373,154],{"class":153},[44,45375,157],{"class":58},[44,45377,63],{"class":62},[44,45379,45380],{"class":66},"Next year you will be",[44,45382,63],{"class":62},[44,45384,83],{"class":58},[44,45386,45387],{"class":111}," age ",[44,45389,2176],{"class":54},[44,45391,504],{"class":95},[44,45393,162],{"class":58},[20,45395,6189,45396,45398,45399,45401],{},[15,45397,2996],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45400,3077],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45403,45404,45405,108],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[395,45406,9111],{"href":9110},[1960,45408,45410],{"id":45409},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,45412,45414],{"className":37,"code":45413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45415,45416,45440,45464,45478,45482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45417,45418,45421,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431,45433,45436,45438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45419,45420],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,45422,55],{"class":54},[44,45424,45205],{"class":1861},[44,45426,157],{"class":58},[44,45428,42390],{"class":153},[44,45430,157],{"class":58},[44,45432,63],{"class":62},[44,45434,45435],{"class":66},"Enter the first number: ",[44,45437,63],{"class":62},[44,45439,1869],{"class":58},[44,45441,45442,45445,45447,45449,45451,45453,45455,45457,45460,45462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45443,45444],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,45446,55],{"class":54},[44,45448,45205],{"class":1861},[44,45450,157],{"class":58},[44,45452,42390],{"class":153},[44,45454,157],{"class":58},[44,45456,63],{"class":62},[44,45458,45459],{"class":66},"Enter the second number: ",[44,45461,63],{"class":62},[44,45463,1869],{"class":58},[44,45465,45466,45468,45470,45473,45475],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45467,41109],{"class":50},[44,45469,55],{"class":54},[44,45471,45472],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,45474,2176],{"class":54},[44,45476,45477],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,45479,45480],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,45481,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,45483,45484,45486,45488,45490,45493,45495,45497,45500],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,45485,154],{"class":153},[44,45487,157],{"class":58},[44,45489,63],{"class":62},[44,45491,45492],{"class":66},"Total:",[44,45494,63],{"class":62},[44,45496,83],{"class":58},[44,45498,45499],{"class":111}," total",[44,45501,162],{"class":58},[20,45503,30096],{},[35,45505,45507],{"className":37,"code":45506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45508,45509,45519,45528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45510,45511,45514,45516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45512,45513],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,45515,72],{"class":58},[44,45517,45518],{"class":95}," 2\n",[44,45520,45521,45524,45526],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45522,45523],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,45525,72],{"class":58},[44,45527,2696],{"class":95},[44,45529,45530,45533,45535],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45531,45532],{"class":50},"Total",[44,45534,72],{"class":58},[44,45536,34763],{"class":95},[20,45538,45539],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45541,223],{},[35,45543,45545],{"className":37,"code":45544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45546,45547,45565,45583,45587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45548,45549,45551,45553,45555,45557,45559,45561,45563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45550,45420],{"class":50},[44,45552,55],{"class":54},[44,45554,8373],{"class":153},[44,45556,157],{"class":58},[44,45558,63],{"class":62},[44,45560,45435],{"class":66},[44,45562,63],{"class":62},[44,45564,162],{"class":58},[44,45566,45567,45569,45571,45573,45575,45577,45579,45581],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45568,45444],{"class":50},[44,45570,55],{"class":54},[44,45572,8373],{"class":153},[44,45574,157],{"class":58},[44,45576,63],{"class":62},[44,45578,45459],{"class":66},[44,45580,63],{"class":62},[44,45582,162],{"class":58},[44,45584,45585],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45586,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,45588,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45600],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,45590,154],{"class":153},[44,45592,157],{"class":58},[44,45594,45420],{"class":111},[44,45596,2176],{"class":54},[44,45598,45599],{"class":111}," num2",[44,45601,162],{"class":58},[20,45603,30096],{},[35,45605,45607],{"className":37,"code":45606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45608,45609,45617,45625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45610,45611,45613,45615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45612,45513],{"class":50},[44,45614,72],{"class":58},[44,45616,45518],{"class":95},[44,45618,45619,45621,45623],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45620,45523],{"class":50},[44,45622,72],{"class":58},[44,45624,2696],{"class":95},[44,45626,45627],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45628,45629],{"class":95},"23\n",[20,45631,45632,45633,45636,45637,108],{},"That happens because ",[15,45634,45635],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45638,45639],{},"\"23\"",[44845,45641],{},[30,45643,45645],{"id":45644},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45647,45648,45649,108],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45650,3077],{},[1960,45652,4836,45654,41469],{"id":45653},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45655,3077],{},[20,45657,39124],{},[35,45659,45661],{"className":37,"code":45660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45662,45663,45681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45664,45665,45667,45669,45671,45673,45675,45677,45679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45666,2564],{"class":50},[44,45668,55],{"class":54},[44,45670,8373],{"class":153},[44,45672,157],{"class":58},[44,45674,63],{"class":62},[44,45676,41798],{"class":66},[44,45678,63],{"class":62},[44,45680,162],{"class":58},[44,45682,45683,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45684,154],{"class":153},[44,45686,157],{"class":58},[44,45688,1862],{"class":1861},[44,45690,157],{"class":58},[44,45692,2590],{"class":111},[44,45694,1869],{"class":58},[20,45696,330],{},[35,45698,45700],{"className":37,"code":45699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45701,45702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45703,45704,45706,45708,45710,45712,45714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45705,3411],{"class":54},[44,45707,3414],{"class":2182},[44,45709,352],{"class":62},[44,45711,3564],{"class":66},[44,45713,343],{"class":62},[44,45715,3423],{"class":54},[20,45717,45718],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1960,45720,45722],{"id":45721},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45724,45725],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45727,45729],{"className":37,"code":45728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45730,45731,45749,45768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45732,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745,45747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45734,2673],{"class":50},[44,45736,55],{"class":54},[44,45738,8373],{"class":153},[44,45740,157],{"class":58},[44,45742,63],{"class":62},[44,45744,41798],{"class":66},[44,45746,63],{"class":62},[44,45748,162],{"class":58},[44,45750,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45764,45766],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45752,2701],{"class":50},[44,45754,55],{"class":54},[44,45756,8373],{"class":153},[44,45758,157],{"class":58},[44,45760,63],{"class":62},[44,45762,45763],{"class":66},"Enter another number: ",[44,45765,63],{"class":62},[44,45767,162],{"class":58},[44,45769,45770,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,45771,154],{"class":153},[44,45773,157],{"class":58},[44,45775,2673],{"class":111},[44,45777,2176],{"class":54},[44,45779,2678],{"class":111},[44,45781,162],{"class":58},[20,45783,41047,45784,4523,45786,45788,45789,19040,45792,108],{},[15,45785,2623],{},[15,45787,2254],{},", the result is ",[15,45790,45791],{},"45",[15,45793,2262],{},[1960,45795,45797,45798,45800,45801],{"id":45796},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45799,40630],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45802,2996],{},[20,45804,223],{},[35,45806,45808],{"className":37,"code":45807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45809,45810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45811,45812,45814,45816,45818,45820,45822,45824,45826,45828,45830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45813,21699],{"class":50},[44,45815,55],{"class":54},[44,45817,45205],{"class":1861},[44,45819,157],{"class":58},[44,45821,42390],{"class":153},[44,45823,157],{"class":58},[44,45825,63],{"class":62},[44,45827,45109],{"class":66},[44,45829,63],{"class":62},[44,45831,1869],{"class":58},[20,45833,8402,45834,45837,45838,108],{},[15,45835,45836],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45839,40630],{},[20,45841,45842,45843,108],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[395,45844,45846],{"href":45845},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1960,45848,45850],{"id":45849},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45852,45853],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,45855,45857],{"className":37,"code":45856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45858,45859,45877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45860,45861,45863,45865,45867,45869,45871,45873,45875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45862,8007],{"class":50},[44,45864,55],{"class":54},[44,45866,8373],{"class":153},[44,45868,157],{"class":58},[44,45870,63],{"class":62},[44,45872,44815],{"class":66},[44,45874,63],{"class":62},[44,45876,162],{"class":58},[44,45878,45879,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45880,154],{"class":153},[44,45882,157],{"class":58},[44,45884,41706],{"class":153},[44,45886,157],{"class":58},[44,45888,67],{"class":111},[44,45890,1869],{"class":58},[20,45892,45893],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45895,45896,45897,72],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45898,45899],{},".strip()",[35,45901,45903],{"className":37,"code":45902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45904,45905,45927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919,45921,45923,45925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45908,8007],{"class":50},[44,45910,55],{"class":54},[44,45912,8373],{"class":153},[44,45914,157],{"class":58},[44,45916,63],{"class":62},[44,45918,44815],{"class":66},[44,45920,63],{"class":62},[44,45922,8762],{"class":58},[44,45924,8765],{"class":111},[44,45926,1635],{"class":58},[44,45928,45929,45931,45933,45935],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,45930,154],{"class":153},[44,45932,157],{"class":58},[44,45934,67],{"class":111},[44,45936,162],{"class":58},[44845,45938],{},[30,45940,45942],{"id":45941},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45944,45945,45946,45948],{},"These habits make ",[15,45947,3077],{}," easier and safer to use.",[192,45950,45951,45954,45959,45962],{},[195,45952,45953],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[195,45955,172,45956,45958],{},[15,45957,45899],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[195,45960,45961],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[195,45963,172,45964,45966],{},[15,45965,29848],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45968,45969,45970,72],{},"Example with ",[15,45971,45899],{},[35,45973,45975],{"className":37,"code":45974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45976,45977,46001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45978,45979,45982,45984,45986,45988,45990,45993,45995,45997,45999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45980,45981],{"class":50},"city ",[44,45983,55],{"class":54},[44,45985,8373],{"class":153},[44,45987,157],{"class":58},[44,45989,63],{"class":62},[44,45991,45992],{"class":66},"Enter your city: ",[44,45994,63],{"class":62},[44,45996,8762],{"class":58},[44,45998,8765],{"class":111},[44,46000,1635],{"class":58},[44,46002,46003,46005,46007,46009,46012,46014,46016,46018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46004,154],{"class":153},[44,46006,157],{"class":58},[44,46008,63],{"class":62},[44,46010,46011],{"class":66},"City:",[44,46013,63],{"class":62},[44,46015,83],{"class":58},[44,46017,1105],{"class":111},[44,46019,162],{"class":58},[20,46021,45969,46022,72],{},[15,46023,29848],{},[35,46025,46027],{"className":37,"code":46026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46028,46029,46035,46058,46090,46098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46030,46031,46033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46032,29870],{"class":4002},[44,46034,6523],{"class":58},[44,46036,46037,46040,46042,46044,46046,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46038,46039],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,46041,55],{"class":54},[44,46043,45205],{"class":1861},[44,46045,157],{"class":58},[44,46047,42390],{"class":153},[44,46049,157],{"class":58},[44,46051,63],{"class":62},[44,46053,45109],{"class":66},[44,46055,63],{"class":62},[44,46057,1869],{"class":58},[44,46059,46060,46062,46064,46066,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081,46083,46086,46088],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46061,8200],{"class":153},[44,46063,157],{"class":58},[44,46065,63],{"class":62},[44,46067,46068],{"class":66},"You will be",[44,46070,63],{"class":62},[44,46072,83],{"class":58},[44,46074,45387],{"class":111},[44,46076,2176],{"class":54},[44,46078,504],{"class":95},[44,46080,83],{"class":58},[44,46082,75],{"class":62},[44,46084,46085],{"class":66},"next year",[44,46087,63],{"class":62},[44,46089,162],{"class":58},[44,46091,46092,46094,46096],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,46093,29901],{"class":4002},[44,46095,41853],{"class":1861},[44,46097,6523],{"class":58},[44,46099,46100,46102,46104,46106,46109,46111],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,46101,8200],{"class":153},[44,46103,157],{"class":58},[44,46105,63],{"class":62},[44,46107,46108],{"class":66},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,46110,63],{"class":62},[44,46112,162],{"class":58},[20,46114,46115],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46117,46118,46119,108],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[395,46120,46122],{"href":46121},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44845,46124],{},[30,46126,1803],{"id":1802},[20,46128,46129,46130,72],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46131,3077],{},[192,46133,46134,46141,46144,46147],{},[195,46135,46136,46137,2997,46139],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46138,2996],{},[15,46140,3003],{},[195,46142,46143],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[195,46145,46146],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[195,46148,46149],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46151,1836],{},[35,46153,46155],{"className":37,"code":46154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46156,46157,46167,46181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46158,46159,46161,46163,46165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46160,154],{"class":153},[44,46162,157],{"class":58},[44,46164,2590],{"class":111},[44,46166,162],{"class":58},[44,46168,46169,46171,46173,46175,46177,46179],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46170,154],{"class":153},[44,46172,157],{"class":58},[44,46174,1862],{"class":1861},[44,46176,157],{"class":58},[44,46178,2590],{"class":111},[44,46180,1869],{"class":58},[44,46182,46183,46185,46187,46189,46191,46193],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46184,154],{"class":153},[44,46186,157],{"class":58},[44,46188,41706],{"class":153},[44,46190,157],{"class":58},[44,46192,2590],{"class":111},[44,46194,1869],{"class":58},[20,46196,46197,46198,46200],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46199,3077],{}," actually returned:",[192,46202,46203,46208,46213],{},[195,46204,46205,46207],{},[15,46206,41754],{}," shows the value",[195,46209,46210,46212],{},[15,46211,41760],{}," shows the data type",[195,46214,46215,46217],{},[15,46216,41765],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46219,223],{},[35,46221,46223],{"className":37,"code":46222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46224,46225,46244,46254,46268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46226,46227,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46240,46242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46228,2564],{"class":50},[44,46230,55],{"class":54},[44,46232,8373],{"class":153},[44,46234,157],{"class":58},[44,46236,63],{"class":62},[44,46238,46239],{"class":66},"Enter something: ",[44,46241,63],{"class":62},[44,46243,162],{"class":58},[44,46245,46246,46248,46250,46252],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46247,154],{"class":153},[44,46249,157],{"class":58},[44,46251,2590],{"class":111},[44,46253,162],{"class":58},[44,46255,46256,46258,46260,46262,46264,46266],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46257,154],{"class":153},[44,46259,157],{"class":58},[44,46261,1862],{"class":1861},[44,46263,157],{"class":58},[44,46265,2590],{"class":111},[44,46267,1869],{"class":58},[44,46269,46270,46272,46274,46276,46278,46280],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,46271,154],{"class":153},[44,46273,157],{"class":58},[44,46275,41706],{"class":153},[44,46277,157],{"class":58},[44,46279,2590],{"class":111},[44,46281,1869],{"class":58},[44845,46283],{},[30,46285,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,46287,1963,46289,46291],{"id":46288},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46290,3077],{}," return an integer?",[20,46293,46294,46295,46297,46298,39855],{},"No. ",[15,46296,3077],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46299,2996],{},[1960,46301,46303,46304,2610],{"id":46302},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46305,3077],{},[20,46307,46308,46309,46311],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46310,3077],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1960,46313,5288,46315,46318,46319,2610],{"id":46314},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46316,46317],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46320,3077],{},[20,46322,29127,46323,46325,46326,42082,46328,46330],{},[15,46324,3077],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46327,45635],{},[15,46329,45639],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1960,46332,46334],{"id":46333},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46336,172,46337,46339,46340,108],{},[15,46338,45899],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46341,46342],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44845,46344],{},[30,46346,2020],{"id":2019},[192,46348,46349,46354,46358,46364,46370,46374],{},[195,46350,46351],{},[395,46352,46353],{"href":46121},"How to get user input in Python",[195,46355,46356],{},[395,46357,9188],{"href":9110},[195,46359,46360],{},[395,46361,3697,46362,3630],{"href":2993},[15,46363,2996],{},[195,46365,46366],{},[395,46367,3697,46368,3630],{"href":3000},[15,46369,3003],{},[195,46371,46372],{},[395,46373,45846],{"href":45845},[195,46375,46376],{},[395,46377,3697,46379,3630],{"href":46378},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46380,46381],{},"print()",[2048,46383,46384],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":46386},[46387,46388,46390,46391,46393,46399,46407,46408,46409,46418],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":44849,"depth":102,"text":46389},"What input() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":45078,"depth":102,"text":46392},"What input() returns",{"id":45281,"depth":102,"text":45282,"children":46394},[46395,46396,46398],{"id":45285,"depth":150,"text":45286},{"id":45338,"depth":150,"text":46397},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45409,"depth":150,"text":45410},{"id":45644,"depth":102,"text":45645,"children":46400},[46401,46403,46404,46406],{"id":45653,"depth":150,"text":46402},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45721,"depth":150,"text":45722},{"id":45796,"depth":150,"text":46405},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45849,"depth":150,"text":45850},{"id":45941,"depth":102,"text":45942},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":46410},[46411,46413,46415,46417],{"id":46288,"depth":150,"text":46412},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46302,"depth":150,"text":46414},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46314,"depth":150,"text":46416},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46333,"depth":150,"text":46334},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42121,"description":46419},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46426,"title":42023,"body":46427,"description":48740,"extension":2080,"meta":48741,"navigation":682,"path":48742,"seo":48743,"stem":48744,"__hash__":48745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46428,"toc":48692},[46429,46434,46439,46444,46465,46468,46470,46530,46532,46551,46556,46561,46566,46568,46581,46583,46666,46668,46709,46715,46717,46747,46753,46756,46773,46775,46827,46829,46847,46853,46859,46862,46880,46882,46955,46957,46976,46983,46989,46994,46997,47057,47059,47078,47081,47084,47099,47105,47109,47170,47172,47193,47197,47326,47328,47458,47468,47474,47480,47488,47554,47556,47581,47584,47601,47614,47620,47623,47656,47658,47671,47674,47717,47719,47727,47734,47738,47745,47749,47776,47778,47786,47792,47809,47814,47818,47845,47847,47855,47859,47864,47867,47893,47896,47905,47913,47917,47927,47931,47934,47936,47987,47989,48019,48029,48056,48058,48066,48076,48080,48083,48085,48133,48135,48179,48185,48236,48238,48257,48262,48267,48270,48289,48292,48344,48346,48355,48357,48361,48365,48368,48377,48384,48386,48413,48417,48419,48428,48431,48438,48444,48504,48508,48510,48518,48521,48547,48553,48556,48576,48578,48587,48595,48597,48603,48608,48615,48625,48631,48639,48643,48646,48648,48689],[10,46430,3697,46432,3701],{"id":46431},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46433,2996],{},[20,46435,32236,46436,46438],{},[15,46437,2996],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46440,35327,46441,46443],{},[15,46442,2996],{}," when they want to:",[192,46445,46446,46456,46459,46462],{},[195,46447,46448,46449,46452,46453],{},"turn text like ",[15,46450,46451],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46454,46455],{},"42",[195,46457,46458],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[195,46460,46461],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[195,46463,46464],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46466,46467],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46469,33],{"id":32},[35,46471,46473],{"className":37,"code":46472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46474,46475,46493,46507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46476,46477,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46478,154],{"class":153},[44,46480,157],{"class":58},[44,46482,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46484,157],{"class":58},[44,46486,63],{"class":62},[44,46488,46455],{"class":66},[44,46490,63],{"class":62},[44,46492,1869],{"class":58},[44,46494,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46496,154],{"class":153},[44,46498,157],{"class":58},[44,46500,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46502,157],{"class":58},[44,46504,41911],{"class":95},[44,46506,1869],{"class":58},[44,46508,46509,46511,46513,46515,46517,46519,46522,46524,46526,46528],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46510,154],{"class":153},[44,46512,157],{"class":58},[44,46514,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46516,157],{"class":58},[44,46518,63],{"class":62},[44,46520,46521],{"class":66},"101",[44,46523,63],{"class":62},[44,46525,83],{"class":58},[44,46527,1012],{"class":95},[44,46529,1869],{"class":58},[20,46531,330],{},[35,46533,46535],{"className":37,"code":46534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46536,46537,46542,46547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46538,46539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46540,46541],{"class":95},"42\n",[44,46543,46544],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46545,46546],{"class":95},"3\n",[44,46548,46549],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46550,3066],{"class":95},[20,46552,172,46553,46555],{},[15,46554,2996],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46557,179,46559,182],{"id":46558},"what-int-does",[15,46560,2996],{},[20,46562,46563,46565],{},[15,46564,2996],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46567,13148],{},[192,46569,46570,46575,46578],{},[195,46571,46572,46573,7471],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46574,2306],{},[195,46576,46577],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[195,46579,46580],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46582,223],{},[35,46584,46586],{"className":37,"code":46585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46587,46588,46600,46614,46618,46628,46638,46652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46589,46590,46592,46594,46596,46598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46591,34608],{"class":50},[44,46593,55],{"class":54},[44,46595,75],{"class":62},[44,46597,1100],{"class":66},[44,46599,3479],{"class":62},[44,46601,46602,46604,46606,46608,46610,46612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46603,2335],{"class":50},[44,46605,55],{"class":54},[44,46607,45205],{"class":1861},[44,46609,157],{"class":58},[44,46611,34629],{"class":111},[44,46613,162],{"class":58},[44,46615,46616],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46617,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,46619,46620,46622,46624,46626],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,46621,154],{"class":153},[44,46623,157],{"class":58},[44,46625,34629],{"class":111},[44,46627,162],{"class":58},[44,46629,46630,46632,46634,46636],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,46631,154],{"class":153},[44,46633,157],{"class":58},[44,46635,2357],{"class":111},[44,46637,162],{"class":58},[44,46639,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,46641,154],{"class":153},[44,46643,157],{"class":58},[44,46645,1862],{"class":1861},[44,46647,157],{"class":58},[44,46649,34629],{"class":111},[44,46651,1869],{"class":58},[44,46653,46654,46656,46658,46660,46662,46664],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,46655,154],{"class":153},[44,46657,157],{"class":58},[44,46659,1862],{"class":1861},[44,46661,157],{"class":58},[44,46663,2357],{"class":111},[44,46665,1869],{"class":58},[20,46667,330],{},[35,46669,46671],{"className":37,"code":46670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46672,46673,46677,46681,46695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46674,46675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46676,2828],{"class":95},[44,46678,46679],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46680,2828],{"class":95},[44,46682,46683,46685,46687,46689,46691,46693],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46684,3411],{"class":54},[44,46686,3414],{"class":2182},[44,46688,352],{"class":62},[44,46690,3564],{"class":66},[44,46692,343],{"class":62},[44,46694,3423],{"class":54},[44,46696,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,46698,3411],{"class":54},[44,46700,3414],{"class":2182},[44,46702,352],{"class":62},[44,46704,2306],{"class":66},[44,46706,343],{"class":62},[44,46708,3423],{"class":54},[20,46710,46711,46712,46714],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46713,2996],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46716,402],{"id":401},[35,46718,46720],{"className":37,"code":46719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46721,46722,46732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46723,46724,46726,46728,46730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46725,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46727,157],{"class":58},[44,46729,2291],{"class":111},[44,46731,162],{"class":58},[44,46733,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46735,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46737,157],{"class":58},[44,46739,2291],{"class":111},[44,46741,83],{"class":58},[44,46743,46744],{"class":111}," base",[44,46746,162],{"class":58},[1960,46748,46750],{"id":46749},"intx",[15,46751,46752],{},"int(x)",[20,46754,46755],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[192,46757,46758,46763,46768],{},[195,46759,46760,46761],{},"a string such as ",[15,46762,42053],{},[195,46764,46765,46766],{},"a float such as ",[15,46767,41911],{},[195,46769,46770,46771],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46772,3726],{},[20,46774,223],{},[35,46776,46778],{"className":37,"code":46777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46779,46780,46798,46813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46781,46782,46784,46786,46788,46790,46792,46794,46796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46783,154],{"class":153},[44,46785,157],{"class":58},[44,46787,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46789,157],{"class":58},[44,46791,63],{"class":62},[44,46793,2448],{"class":66},[44,46795,63],{"class":62},[44,46797,1869],{"class":58},[44,46799,46800,46802,46804,46806,46808,46811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46801,154],{"class":153},[44,46803,157],{"class":58},[44,46805,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46807,157],{"class":58},[44,46809,46810],{"class":95},"8.7",[44,46812,1869],{"class":58},[44,46814,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46816,154],{"class":153},[44,46818,157],{"class":58},[44,46820,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46822,157],{"class":58},[44,46824,3726],{"class":1400},[44,46826,1869],{"class":58},[20,46828,330],{},[35,46830,46832],{"className":37,"code":46831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46833,46834,46838,46842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46835,46836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46837,2494],{"class":95},[44,46839,46840],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46841,2499],{"class":95},[44,46843,46844],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46845,46846],{"class":95},"1\n",[1960,46848,46850],{"id":46849},"intx-base",[15,46851,46852],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46854,46855,46856,46858],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46857,2291],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46860,46861],{},"Common bases:",[192,46863,46864,46869,46874],{},[195,46865,46866,46868],{},[15,46867,2173],{}," for binary",[195,46870,46871,46873],{},[15,46872,2463],{}," for octal",[195,46875,46876,46879],{},[15,46877,46878],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46881,223],{},[35,46883,46885],{"className":37,"code":46884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46886,46887,46909,46932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46888,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46890,154],{"class":153},[44,46892,157],{"class":58},[44,46894,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46896,157],{"class":58},[44,46898,63],{"class":62},[44,46900,46521],{"class":66},[44,46902,63],{"class":62},[44,46904,83],{"class":58},[44,46906,1012],{"class":95},[44,46908,1869],{"class":58},[44,46910,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46924,46926,46928,46930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46912,154],{"class":153},[44,46914,157],{"class":58},[44,46916,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46918,157],{"class":58},[44,46920,63],{"class":62},[44,46922,46923],{"class":66},"17",[44,46925,63],{"class":62},[44,46927,83],{"class":58},[44,46929,6489],{"class":95},[44,46931,1869],{"class":58},[44,46933,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944,46947,46949,46951,46953],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46935,154],{"class":153},[44,46937,157],{"class":58},[44,46939,2306],{"class":1861},[44,46941,157],{"class":58},[44,46943,63],{"class":62},[44,46945,46946],{"class":66},"1A",[44,46948,63],{"class":62},[44,46950,83],{"class":58},[44,46952,14076],{"class":95},[44,46954,1869],{"class":58},[20,46956,330],{},[35,46958,46960],{"className":37,"code":46959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46961,46962,46966,46971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46963,46964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46965,3066],{"class":95},[44,46967,46968],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,46969,46970],{"class":95},"15\n",[44,46972,46973],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,46974,46975],{"class":95},"26\n",[20,46977,46978,46979,108],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[395,46980,46981,2420],{"href":3000},[15,46982,3003],{},[30,46984,567,46986,46988],{"id":46985},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46987,2996],{}," with strings",[20,46990,46991,46993],{},[15,46992,2996],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46995,46996],{},"Examples that work:",[35,46998,47000],{"className":37,"code":46999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47001,47002,47020,47038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47003,47004,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47016,47018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47005,154],{"class":153},[44,47007,157],{"class":58},[44,47009,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47011,157],{"class":58},[44,47013,63],{"class":62},[44,47015,2254],{"class":66},[44,47017,63],{"class":62},[44,47019,1869],{"class":58},[44,47021,47022,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47023,154],{"class":153},[44,47025,157],{"class":58},[44,47027,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47029,157],{"class":58},[44,47031,63],{"class":62},[44,47033,2409],{"class":66},[44,47035,63],{"class":62},[44,47037,1869],{"class":58},[44,47039,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47053,47055],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47041,154],{"class":153},[44,47043,157],{"class":58},[44,47045,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47047,157],{"class":58},[44,47049,63],{"class":62},[44,47051,47052],{"class":66},"  42  ",[44,47054,63],{"class":62},[44,47056,1869],{"class":58},[20,47058,330],{},[35,47060,47062],{"className":37,"code":47061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47063,47064,47068,47074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47065,47066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47067,3066],{"class":95},[44,47069,47070,47072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47071,2138],{"class":54},[44,47073,2343],{"class":95},[44,47075,47076],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47077,46541],{"class":95},[20,47079,47080],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47082,47083],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,47085,47087],{"className":37,"code":47086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47088,47089,47094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47090,47091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47092,47093],{"class":168},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,47095,47096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47097,47098],{"class":168},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47100,47101,47102,47104],{},"These raise ",[15,47103,40630],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1960,47106,47108],{"id":47107},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,47110,47112],{"className":37,"code":47111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47113,47114,47132,47151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47115,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47117,154],{"class":153},[44,47119,157],{"class":58},[44,47121,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47123,157],{"class":58},[44,47125,63],{"class":62},[44,47127,2237],{"class":66},[44,47129,63],{"class":62},[44,47131,1869],{"class":58},[44,47133,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47147,47149],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47135,154],{"class":153},[44,47137,157],{"class":58},[44,47139,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47141,157],{"class":58},[44,47143,63],{"class":62},[44,47145,47146],{"class":66},"+7",[44,47148,63],{"class":62},[44,47150,1869],{"class":58},[44,47152,47153,47155,47157,47159,47161,47163,47166,47168],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47154,154],{"class":153},[44,47156,157],{"class":58},[44,47158,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47160,157],{"class":58},[44,47162,63],{"class":62},[44,47164,47165],{"class":66},"-100",[44,47167,63],{"class":62},[44,47169,1869],{"class":58},[20,47171,330],{},[35,47173,47175],{"className":37,"code":47174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47176,47177,47182,47186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47178,47179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47180,47181],{"class":95},"0\n",[44,47183,47184],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47185,2197],{"class":95},[44,47187,47188,47190],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47189,2138],{"class":54},[44,47191,47192],{"class":95},"100\n",[1960,47194,47196],{"id":47195},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,47198,47200],{"className":37,"code":47199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47201,47202,47240,47244,47256,47263,47278,47293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47203,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47218,47220,47223,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47236,47238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47205,3948],{"class":50},[44,47207,55],{"class":54},[44,47209,3746],{"class":58},[44,47211,63],{"class":62},[44,47213,40069],{"class":66},[44,47215,63],{"class":62},[44,47217,83],{"class":58},[44,47219,75],{"class":62},[44,47221,47222],{"class":66},"12abc",[44,47224,63],{"class":62},[44,47226,83],{"class":58},[44,47228,6255],{"class":62},[44,47230,83],{"class":58},[44,47232,75],{"class":62},[44,47234,47235],{"class":66},"seven",[44,47237,63],{"class":62},[44,47239,3759],{"class":58},[44,47241,47242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47243,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,47245,47246,47248,47250,47252,47254],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47247,6087],{"class":4002},[44,47249,21655],{"class":50},[44,47251,4009],{"class":4002},[44,47253,4012],{"class":50},[44,47255,6523],{"class":58},[44,47257,47258,47261],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,47259,47260],{"class":4002},"    try",[44,47262,6523],{"class":58},[44,47264,47265,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,47266,47267],{"class":153},"        print",[44,47269,157],{"class":58},[44,47271,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47273,157],{"class":58},[44,47275,2590],{"class":111},[44,47277,1869],{"class":58},[44,47279,47280,47283,47285,47288,47291],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,47281,47282],{"class":4002},"    except",[44,47284,41853],{"class":1861},[44,47286,47287],{"class":4002}," as",[44,47289,47290],{"class":50}," error",[44,47292,6523],{"class":58},[44,47294,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47307,47310,47312,47315,47317,47320,47322,47324],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,47296,47267],{"class":153},[44,47298,157],{"class":58},[44,47300,22364],{"class":2182},[44,47302,63],{"class":66},[44,47304,340],{"class":95},[44,47306,2590],{"class":111},[44,47308,47309],{"class":2182},"!r",[44,47311,22373],{"class":95},[44,47313,47314],{"class":66}," -> ",[44,47316,340],{"class":95},[44,47318,47319],{"class":111},"error",[44,47321,22373],{"class":95},[44,47323,63],{"class":66},[44,47325,162],{"class":58},[20,47327,330],{},[35,47329,47331],{"className":37,"code":47330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47332,47333,47369,47401,47426],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47334,47335,47337,47339,47341,47344,47347,47349,47351,47353,47356,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47336,343],{"class":43256},[44,47338,40069],{"class":43260},[44,47340,343],{"class":43256},[44,47342,47343],{"class":37291}," ->",[44,47345,47346],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47348,6087],{"class":4002},[44,47350,45205],{"class":1861},[44,47352,7497],{"class":58},[44,47354,47355],{"class":4002}," with",[44,47357,47358],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47360,2448],{"class":95},[44,47362,72],{"class":58},[44,47364,352],{"class":62},[44,47366,40069],{"class":66},[44,47368,29766],{"class":62},[44,47370,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395,47397,47399],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47372,343],{"class":62},[44,47374,47222],{"class":66},[44,47376,343],{"class":62},[44,47378,47343],{"class":37291},[44,47380,47346],{"class":50},[44,47382,6087],{"class":4002},[44,47384,45205],{"class":1861},[44,47386,7497],{"class":58},[44,47388,47355],{"class":4002},[44,47390,47358],{"class":50},[44,47392,2448],{"class":95},[44,47394,72],{"class":58},[44,47396,352],{"class":62},[44,47398,47222],{"class":66},[44,47400,29766],{"class":62},[44,47402,47403,47405,47407,47409,47411,47413,47415,47417,47419,47421,47423],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47404,3899],{"class":62},[44,47406,47343],{"class":37291},[44,47408,47346],{"class":50},[44,47410,6087],{"class":4002},[44,47412,45205],{"class":1861},[44,47414,7497],{"class":58},[44,47416,47355],{"class":4002},[44,47418,47358],{"class":50},[44,47420,2448],{"class":95},[44,47422,72],{"class":58},[44,47424,47425],{"class":62}," ''\n",[44,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,47429,343],{"class":62},[44,47431,47235],{"class":66},[44,47433,343],{"class":62},[44,47435,47343],{"class":37291},[44,47437,47346],{"class":50},[44,47439,6087],{"class":4002},[44,47441,45205],{"class":1861},[44,47443,7497],{"class":58},[44,47445,47355],{"class":4002},[44,47447,47358],{"class":50},[44,47449,2448],{"class":95},[44,47451,72],{"class":58},[44,47453,352],{"class":62},[44,47455,47235],{"class":66},[44,47457,29766],{"class":62},[20,47459,47460,47461,47463,47464,108],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[395,47462,9111],{"href":9110}," and the ",[395,47465,47466,2420],{"href":8350},[15,47467,3077],{},[30,47469,567,47471,47473],{"id":47470},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47472,2996],{}," with floats",[20,47475,47476,47477,47479],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47478,2996],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47481,47482,47483,14140,47485,47487],{},"Important: ",[15,47484,2996],{},[3868,47486,4762],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47489,47491],{"className":37,"code":47490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47492,47493,47507,47522,47538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47494,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47496,154],{"class":153},[44,47498,157],{"class":58},[44,47500,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47502,157],{"class":58},[44,47504,41911],{"class":95},[44,47506,1869],{"class":58},[44,47508,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47520],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47510,154],{"class":153},[44,47512,157],{"class":58},[44,47514,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47516,157],{"class":58},[44,47518,47519],{"class":95},"3.1",[44,47521,1869],{"class":58},[44,47523,47524,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47525,154],{"class":153},[44,47527,157],{"class":58},[44,47529,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47531,157],{"class":58},[44,47533,2138],{"class":54},[44,47535,41911],{"class":95},[44,47537,1869],{"class":58},[44,47539,47540,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,47541,154],{"class":153},[44,47543,157],{"class":58},[44,47545,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47547,157],{"class":58},[44,47549,2138],{"class":54},[44,47551,47519],{"class":95},[44,47553,1869],{"class":58},[20,47555,330],{},[35,47557,47559],{"className":37,"code":47558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47560,47561,47565,47569,47575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47562,47563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47564,46546],{"class":95},[44,47566,47567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47568,46546],{"class":95},[44,47570,47571,47573],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47572,2138],{"class":54},[44,47574,46546],{"class":95},[44,47576,47577,47579],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,47578,2138],{"class":54},[44,47580,46546],{"class":95},[20,47582,47583],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[192,47585,47586,47593],{},[195,47587,47588,42082,47591],{},[15,47589,47590],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47592,2179],{},[195,47594,47595,42082,47598],{},[15,47596,47597],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47599,47600],{},"-3",[20,47602,47603,47604,47608,47609,108],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[395,47605,47606],{"href":3000},[15,47607,3003],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[395,47610,47611],{"href":42102},[15,47612,47613],{},"str()",[30,47615,567,47617,47619],{"id":47616},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47618,2996],{}," with booleans",[20,47621,47622],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47624,47626],{"className":37,"code":47625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47627,47628,47642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47629,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47631,154],{"class":153},[44,47633,157],{"class":58},[44,47635,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47637,157],{"class":58},[44,47639,3726],{"class":1400},[44,47641,1869],{"class":58},[44,47643,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47645,154],{"class":153},[44,47647,157],{"class":58},[44,47649,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47651,157],{"class":58},[44,47653,3799],{"class":1400},[44,47655,1869],{"class":58},[20,47657,330],{},[35,47659,47661],{"className":37,"code":47660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47662,47663,47667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47664,47665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47666,46846],{"class":95},[44,47668,47669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47670,47181],{"class":95},[20,47672,47673],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47675,47677],{"className":37,"code":47676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47678,47679,47688,47703,47707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47680,47681,47684,47686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47682,47683],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47685,55],{"class":54},[44,47687,6552],{"class":1400},[44,47689,47690,47692,47694,47696,47698,47701],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47691,41109],{"class":50},[44,47693,55],{"class":54},[44,47695,45205],{"class":1861},[44,47697,157],{"class":58},[44,47699,47700],{"class":111},"passed",[44,47702,162],{"class":58},[44,47704,47705],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47706,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,47708,47709,47711,47713,47715],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,47710,154],{"class":153},[44,47712,157],{"class":58},[44,47714,41138],{"class":111},[44,47716,162],{"class":58},[20,47718,330],{},[35,47720,47721],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47722,47723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47724,47725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47726,46846],{"class":95},[20,47728,47729,47730,108],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[395,47731,47732,2420],{"href":5909},[15,47733,3938],{},[30,47735,47737],{"id":47736},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47739,47740,47741,47744],{},"Use the ",[15,47742,47743],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1960,47746,47748],{"id":47747},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47750,47752],{"className":37,"code":47751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47753,47754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47755,47756,47758,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47757,154],{"class":153},[44,47759,157],{"class":58},[44,47761,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47763,157],{"class":58},[44,47765,63],{"class":62},[44,47767,46521],{"class":66},[44,47769,63],{"class":62},[44,47771,83],{"class":58},[44,47773,1012],{"class":95},[44,47775,1869],{"class":58},[20,47777,330],{},[35,47779,47780],{"className":37,"code":3066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47781,47782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47783,47784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47785,3066],{"class":95},[20,47787,47788,47791],{},[15,47789,47790],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[192,47793,47794,47799,47804],{},[195,47795,47796],{},[15,47797,47798],{},"1 × 4",[195,47800,47801],{},[15,47802,47803],{},"0 × 2",[195,47805,47806],{},[15,47807,47808],{},"1 × 1",[20,47810,47811,47812,108],{},"So the result is ",[15,47813,2254],{},[1960,47815,47817],{"id":47816},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47819,47821],{"className":37,"code":47820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47822,47823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47824,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47826,154],{"class":153},[44,47828,157],{"class":58},[44,47830,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47832,157],{"class":58},[44,47834,63],{"class":62},[44,47836,46946],{"class":66},[44,47838,63],{"class":62},[44,47840,83],{"class":58},[44,47842,14076],{"class":95},[44,47844,1869],{"class":58},[20,47846,330],{},[35,47848,47849],{"className":37,"code":46975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47850,47851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47852,47853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47854,46975],{"class":95},[1960,47856,47858],{"id":47857},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47860,22,47861,47863],{},[15,47862,47743],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47865,47866],{},"Good:",[35,47868,47869],{"className":37,"code":47751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47870,47871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47872,47873,47875,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887,47889,47891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47874,154],{"class":153},[44,47876,157],{"class":58},[44,47878,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47880,157],{"class":58},[44,47882,63],{"class":62},[44,47884,46521],{"class":66},[44,47886,63],{"class":62},[44,47888,83],{"class":58},[44,47890,1012],{"class":95},[44,47892,1869],{"class":58},[20,47894,47895],{},"Not correct:",[35,47897,47899],{"className":37,"code":47898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47900,47901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47902,47903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47904,47898],{"class":168},[20,47906,47907,47908,8732,47910,47912],{},"That causes a ",[15,47909,3125],{},[15,47911,47743],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,47914,47916],{"id":47915},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47918,47919,47920,47922,47923,4523,47925,108],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47921,2996],{}," are ",[15,47924,40630],{},[15,47926,3125],{},[1960,47928,47929],{"id":41440},[15,47930,40630],{},[20,47932,47933],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47935,223],{},[35,47937,47939],{"className":37,"code":47938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47940,47941,47947,47965,47977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47942,47943,47945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47944,29870],{"class":4002},[44,47946,6523],{"class":58},[44,47948,47949,47951,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961,47963],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,47950,8200],{"class":153},[44,47952,157],{"class":58},[44,47954,2306],{"class":1861},[44,47956,157],{"class":58},[44,47958,63],{"class":62},[44,47960,40069],{"class":66},[44,47962,63],{"class":62},[44,47964,1869],{"class":58},[44,47966,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,47968,29901],{"class":4002},[44,47970,41853],{"class":1861},[44,47972,47287],{"class":4002},[44,47974,47290],{"class":50},[44,47976,6523],{"class":58},[44,47978,47979,47981,47983,47985],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,47980,8200],{"class":153},[44,47982,157],{"class":58},[44,47984,47319],{"class":111},[44,47986,162],{"class":58},[20,47988,330],{},[35,47990,47992],{"className":37,"code":47991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47993,47994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47995,47996,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007,48009,48011,48013,48015,48017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47997,47998],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,48000,6087],{"class":4002},[44,48002,45205],{"class":1861},[44,48004,7497],{"class":58},[44,48006,47355],{"class":4002},[44,48008,47358],{"class":50},[44,48010,2448],{"class":95},[44,48012,72],{"class":58},[44,48014,352],{"class":62},[44,48016,40069],{"class":66},[44,48018,29766],{"class":62},[20,48020,48021,48022,48025,48026,48028],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48023,48024],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48027,2996],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,48030,48032],{"className":37,"code":48031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48033,48034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48035,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048,48050,48052,48054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48037,154],{"class":153},[44,48039,157],{"class":58},[44,48041,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48043,157],{"class":58},[44,48045,2310],{"class":1861},[44,48047,157],{"class":58},[44,48049,63],{"class":62},[44,48051,40069],{"class":66},[44,48053,63],{"class":62},[44,48055,3031],{"class":58},[20,48057,330],{},[35,48059,48060],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48061,48062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48063,48064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48065,46546],{"class":95},[20,48067,48068,48069,4523,48072,108],{},"If you see this often, read ",[395,48070,48071],{"href":3081},"how to convert string to int in Python",[395,48073,25748,48074],{"href":45845},[15,48075,45846],{},[1960,48077,48078],{"id":41506},[15,48079,3125],{},[20,48081,48082],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48084,223],{},[35,48086,48088],{"className":37,"code":48087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48089,48090,48096,48110,48123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48091,48092,48094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48093,29870],{"class":4002},[44,48095,6523],{"class":58},[44,48097,48098,48100,48102,48104,48106,48108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48099,8200],{"class":153},[44,48101,157],{"class":58},[44,48103,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48105,157],{"class":58},[44,48107,217],{"class":1400},[44,48109,1869],{"class":58},[44,48111,48112,48114,48117,48119,48121],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,48113,29901],{"class":4002},[44,48115,48116],{"class":1861}," TypeError",[44,48118,47287],{"class":4002},[44,48120,47290],{"class":50},[44,48122,6523],{"class":58},[44,48124,48125,48127,48129,48131],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,48126,8200],{"class":153},[44,48128,157],{"class":58},[44,48130,47319],{"class":111},[44,48132,162],{"class":58},[20,48134,330],{},[35,48136,48138],{"className":37,"code":48137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48139,48140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48141,48142,48144,48146,48149,48151,48153,48156,48158,48161,48163,48166,48168,48170,48172,48174,48177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48143,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48145,7497],{"class":58},[44,48147,48148],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,48150,83],{"class":58},[44,48152,44473],{"class":50},[44,48154,48155],{"class":1861},"bytes",[44,48157,2138],{"class":54},[44,48159,48160],{"class":50},"like ",[44,48162,42326],{"class":1861},[44,48164,48165],{"class":54}," or",[44,48167,40766],{"class":50},[44,48169,83],{"class":58},[44,48171,8230],{"class":54},[44,48173,352],{"class":62},[44,48175,48176],{"class":66},"NoneType",[44,48178,29766],{"class":62},[20,48180,48181,48182,48184],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48183,47743],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,48186,48188],{"className":37,"code":48187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48189,48190,48196,48214,48226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48191,48192,48194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48193,29870],{"class":4002},[44,48195,6523],{"class":58},[44,48197,48198,48200,48202,48204,48206,48208,48210,48212],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48199,8200],{"class":153},[44,48201,157],{"class":58},[44,48203,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48205,157],{"class":58},[44,48207,46521],{"class":95},[44,48209,83],{"class":58},[44,48211,1012],{"class":95},[44,48213,1869],{"class":58},[44,48215,48216,48218,48220,48222,48224],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,48217,29901],{"class":4002},[44,48219,48116],{"class":1861},[44,48221,47287],{"class":4002},[44,48223,47290],{"class":50},[44,48225,6523],{"class":58},[44,48227,48228,48230,48232,48234],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,48229,8200],{"class":153},[44,48231,157],{"class":58},[44,48233,47319],{"class":111},[44,48235,162],{"class":58},[20,48237,330],{},[35,48239,48241],{"className":37,"code":48240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48242,48243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48244,48245,48247,48249,48252,48254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48246,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48248,7497],{"class":58},[44,48250,48251],{"class":50}," can",[44,48253,343],{"class":62},[44,48255,48256],{"class":66},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,48258,1551,48260],{"id":48259},"when-to-use-int",[15,48261,2996],{},[20,48263,172,48264,48266],{},[15,48265,2996],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48268,48269],{},"Common uses:",[192,48271,48272,48278,48281,48284],{},[195,48273,48274,48275,48277],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48276,3077],{}," into integers",[195,48279,48280],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[195,48282,48283],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[195,48285,48286,48287,36539],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48288,47743],{},[20,48290,48291],{},"Example with user input:",[35,48293,48295],{"className":37,"code":48294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48296,48297,48311,48326,48330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48298,48299,48302,48304,48306,48309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48300,48301],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48303,55],{"class":54},[44,48305,75],{"class":62},[44,48307,48308],{"class":66},"18",[44,48310,3479],{"class":62},[44,48312,48313,48315,48317,48319,48321,48324],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48314,21699],{"class":50},[44,48316,55],{"class":54},[44,48318,45205],{"class":1861},[44,48320,157],{"class":58},[44,48322,48323],{"class":111},"age_text",[44,48325,162],{"class":58},[44,48327,48328],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,48329,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,48331,48332,48334,48336,48338,48340,48342],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,48333,154],{"class":153},[44,48335,157],{"class":58},[44,48337,21699],{"class":111},[44,48339,2176],{"class":54},[44,48341,504],{"class":95},[44,48343,162],{"class":58},[20,48345,330],{},[35,48347,48349],{"className":37,"code":48348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48350,48351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48352,48353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48354,48348],{"class":95},[30,48356,1803],{"id":1802},[20,48358,14820,48359,108],{},[15,48360,2996],{},[1960,48362,48364],{"id":48363},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48366,48367],{},"This fails:",[35,48369,48371],{"className":37,"code":48370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48372,48373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48374,48375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48376,48370],{"class":168},[20,48378,48379,48380,48383],{},"Why: ",[15,48381,48382],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48385,18917],{},[35,48387,48389],{"className":37,"code":48388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48390,48391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48392,48393,48395,48397,48399,48401,48403,48405,48407,48409,48411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48394,154],{"class":153},[44,48396,157],{"class":58},[44,48398,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48400,157],{"class":58},[44,48402,2310],{"class":1861},[44,48404,157],{"class":58},[44,48406,63],{"class":62},[44,48408,41050],{"class":66},[44,48410,63],{"class":62},[44,48412,3031],{"class":58},[1960,48414,48416],{"id":48415},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48418,48367],{},[35,48420,48422],{"className":37,"code":48421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48423,48424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48425,48426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48427,48421],{"class":168},[20,48429,48430],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1960,48432,48434,48435],{"id":48433},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48436,48437],{},"int(None)",[20,48439,48440,48441,48443],{},"This fails because ",[15,48442,217],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48445,48447],{"className":37,"code":48446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48448,48449,48458,48462,48468,48482,48494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48450,48451,48453,48455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48452,2564],{"class":50},[44,48454,55],{"class":54},[44,48456,48457],{"class":1400}," None\n",[44,48459,48460],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48461,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,48463,48464,48466],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,48465,29870],{"class":4002},[44,48467,6523],{"class":58},[44,48469,48470,48472,48474,48476,48478,48480],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,48471,8200],{"class":153},[44,48473,157],{"class":58},[44,48475,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48477,157],{"class":58},[44,48479,2590],{"class":111},[44,48481,1869],{"class":58},[44,48483,48484,48486,48488,48490,48492],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,48485,29901],{"class":4002},[44,48487,48116],{"class":1861},[44,48489,47287],{"class":4002},[44,48491,47290],{"class":50},[44,48493,6523],{"class":58},[44,48495,48496,48498,48500,48502],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,48497,8200],{"class":153},[44,48499,157],{"class":58},[44,48501,47319],{"class":111},[44,48503,162],{"class":58},[1960,48505,48507],{"id":48506},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48509,48367],{},[35,48511,48512],{"className":37,"code":47898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48513,48514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48515,48516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48517,47898],{"class":168},[20,48519,48520],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48522,48523],{"className":37,"code":47751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48524,48525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48526,48527,48529,48531,48533,48535,48537,48539,48541,48543,48545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48528,154],{"class":153},[44,48530,157],{"class":58},[44,48532,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48534,157],{"class":58},[44,48536,63],{"class":62},[44,48538,46521],{"class":66},[44,48540,63],{"class":62},[44,48542,83],{"class":58},[44,48544,1012],{"class":95},[44,48546,1869],{"class":58},[1960,48548,1821,48550,48552],{"id":48549},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48551,2996],{}," to round",[20,48554,48555],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48557,48559],{"className":37,"code":48558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48560,48561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48562,48563,48565,48567,48569,48571,48574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48564,154],{"class":153},[44,48566,157],{"class":58},[44,48568,2306],{"class":1861},[44,48570,157],{"class":58},[44,48572,48573],{"class":95},"4.9",[44,48575,1869],{"class":58},[20,48577,330],{},[35,48579,48581],{"className":37,"code":48580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48582,48583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48584,48585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48586,48580],{"class":95},[20,48588,3290,48589,48591,48592,48594],{},[15,48590,2254],{},", remember that ",[15,48593,2996],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48596,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,48598,1963,48600,48602],{"id":48599},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48601,2996],{}," round numbers?",[20,48604,46294,48605,48607],{},[15,48606,2996],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1960,48609,5288,48611,48614],{"id":48610},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48612,48613],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48616,29127,48617,48619,48620,48622,48623,39855],{},[15,48618,48024],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48621,3003],{}," first, then use ",[15,48624,2996],{},[1960,48626,5273,48628,12814],{"id":48627},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48629,48630],{},"int(True)",[20,48632,214,48633,28382,48635,42082,48637,108],{},[15,48634,3108],{},[15,48636,3799],{},[15,48638,2237],{},[1960,48640,48642],{"id":48641},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48644,48645],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48647,2020],{"id":2019},[192,48649,48650,48656,48662,48668,48673,48677,48683],{},[195,48651,48652],{},[395,48653,48654,3630],{"href":3000},[15,48655,3003],{},[195,48657,48658],{},[395,48659,48660,3630],{"href":42102},[15,48661,47613],{},[195,48663,48664],{},[395,48665,48666,3630],{"href":5909},[15,48667,3938],{},[195,48669,48670],{},[395,48671,48672],{"href":3081},"How to convert string to int in Python",[195,48674,48675],{},[395,48676,9188],{"href":9110},[195,48678,48679],{},[395,48680,48681,3630],{"href":8350},[15,48682,3077],{},[195,48684,48685],{},[395,48686,30414,48687],{"href":45845},[15,48688,45846],{},[2048,48690,48691],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":48693},[48694,48695,48697,48701,48706,48708,48710,48715,48719,48721,48730,48739],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":46558,"depth":102,"text":48696},"What int() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":48698},[48699,48700],{"id":46749,"depth":150,"text":46752},{"id":46849,"depth":150,"text":46852},{"id":46985,"depth":102,"text":48702,"children":48703},"Using int() with strings",[48704,48705],{"id":47107,"depth":150,"text":47108},{"id":47195,"depth":150,"text":47196},{"id":47470,"depth":102,"text":48707},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47616,"depth":102,"text":48709},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47736,"depth":102,"text":47737,"children":48711},[48712,48713,48714],{"id":47747,"depth":150,"text":47748},{"id":47816,"depth":150,"text":47817},{"id":47857,"depth":150,"text":47858},{"id":47915,"depth":102,"text":47916,"children":48716},[48717,48718],{"id":41440,"depth":150,"text":40630},{"id":41506,"depth":150,"text":3125},{"id":48259,"depth":102,"text":48720},"When to use int()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":48722},[48723,48724,48725,48727,48728],{"id":48363,"depth":150,"text":48364},{"id":48415,"depth":150,"text":48416},{"id":48433,"depth":150,"text":48726},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48506,"depth":150,"text":48507},{"id":48549,"depth":150,"text":48729},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":48731},[48732,48734,48736,48738],{"id":48599,"depth":150,"text":48733},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48610,"depth":150,"text":48735},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48627,"depth":150,"text":48737},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48641,"depth":150,"text":48642},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42023,"description":48740},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48747,"title":48748,"body":48749,"description":50585,"extension":2080,"meta":50586,"navigation":682,"path":44731,"seo":50587,"stem":50588,"__hash__":50589},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48750,"toc":50541},[48751,48756,48761,48769,48778,48780,48839,48845,48850,48855,48858,48886,48889,48892,48903,48913,48915,48917,48937,48941,48969,48971,49010,49012,49020,49022,49025,49029,49082,49084,49096,49100,49157,49159,49171,49177,49183,49187,49190,49193,49259,49261,49273,49279,49281,49333,49336,49377,49380,49387,49396,49402,49405,49438,49444,49447,49478,49484,49487,49499,49503,49508,49512,49670,49672,49687,49690,49694,49798,49800,49817,49821,49882,49884,49892,49895,49899,49966,49968,49977,49983,49985,49994,49996,50031,50036,50038,50068,50072,50074,50111,50114,50116,50153,50159,50161,50211,50213,50221,50231,50237,50241,50246,50295,50297,50310,50313,50315,50318,50393,50396,50415,50418,50448,50458,50460,50465,50472,50478,50484,50491,50499,50505,50508,50510,50538],[10,48752,3697,48754,3701],{"id":48753},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48755,44734],{},[20,48757,48758,48760],{},[15,48759,44734],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48762,48763,48764,2997,48766,48768],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48765,3726],{},[15,48767,3799],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48770,48771,48772,48774,48775,48777],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48773,44734],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48776,2419],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48779,3731],{"id":3730},[35,48781,48783],{"className":37,"code":48782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48784,48785,48793,48797,48818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48786,48787,48789,48791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48788,2564],{"class":50},[44,48790,55],{"class":54},[44,48792,2706],{"class":95},[44,48794,48795],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48796,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,48798,48799,48801,48803,48806,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,48800,154],{"class":153},[44,48802,157],{"class":58},[44,48804,48805],{"class":153},"isinstance",[44,48807,157],{"class":58},[44,48809,2590],{"class":111},[44,48811,83],{"class":58},[44,48813,45205],{"class":1861},[44,48815,5491],{"class":58},[44,48817,43783],{"class":168},[44,48819,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48830,48832,48835,48837],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,48821,154],{"class":153},[44,48823,157],{"class":58},[44,48825,48805],{"class":153},[44,48827,157],{"class":58},[44,48829,2590],{"class":111},[44,48831,83],{"class":58},[44,48833,48834],{"class":1861}," str",[44,48836,5491],{"class":58},[44,48838,43800],{"class":168},[20,48840,172,48841,48844],{},[15,48842,48843],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,48846,179,48848,182],{"id":48847},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48849,44734],{},[20,48851,48852,48854],{},[15,48853,44734],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48856,48857],{},"It:",[192,48859,48860,48863,48869,48872],{},[195,48861,48862],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[195,48864,11530,48865,2997,48867],{},[15,48866,3726],{},[15,48868,3799],{},[195,48870,48871],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[195,48873,48874,48875,2307,48877,2307,48879,2307,48881,17153,48884],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48876,3564],{},[15,48878,2306],{},[15,48880,1878],{},[15,48882,48883],{},"tuple",[15,48885,1918],{},[20,48887,48888],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48890,48891],{},"For example, you might want to:",[192,48893,48894,48897,48900],{},[195,48895,48896],{},"loop through a list",[195,48898,48899],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[195,48901,48902],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48904,48905,48906,2997,48909,108],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[395,48907,44726],{"href":48908},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[395,48910,48912],{"href":48911},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,48914,402],{"id":401},[20,48916,2277],{},[35,48918,48920],{"className":37,"code":48919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48921,48922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48923,48924,48926,48928,48930,48932,48935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48925,48805],{"class":153},[44,48927,157],{"class":58},[44,48929,42326],{"class":1861},[44,48931,83],{"class":58},[44,48933,48934],{"class":111}," classinfo",[44,48936,162],{"class":58},[1960,48938,48940],{"id":48939},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[192,48942,48943,48948,48962],{},[195,48944,48945,48947],{},[15,48946,42326],{}," is the value you want to test",[195,48949,48950,48953,48954,2307,48956,2307,48958,2311,48960],{},[15,48951,48952],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48955,2306],{},[15,48957,3564],{},[15,48959,1878],{},[15,48961,1918],{},[195,48963,48964,48965,2997,48967],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48966,3726],{},[15,48968,3799],{},[20,48970,223],{},[35,48972,48974],{"className":37,"code":48973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48975,48976,48988,48992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48977,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48979,8007],{"class":50},[44,48981,55],{"class":54},[44,48983,75],{"class":62},[44,48985,11614],{"class":66},[44,48987,3479],{"class":62},[44,48989,48990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,48991,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,48993,48994,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49006,49008],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,48995,154],{"class":153},[44,48997,157],{"class":58},[44,48999,48805],{"class":153},[44,49001,157],{"class":58},[44,49003,67],{"class":111},[44,49005,83],{"class":58},[44,49007,48834],{"class":1861},[44,49009,1869],{"class":58},[20,49011,330],{},[35,49013,49014],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49015,49016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49017,49018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49019,4107],{"class":1400},[30,49021,11581],{"id":11580},[20,49023,49024],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1960,49026,49028],{"id":49027},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,49030,49032],{"className":37,"code":49031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49033,49034,49042,49046,49064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49035,49036,49038,49040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49037,2564],{"class":50},[44,49039,55],{"class":54},[44,49041,45154],{"class":95},[44,49043,49044],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49045,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49047,49048,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058,49060,49062],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49049,154],{"class":153},[44,49051,157],{"class":58},[44,49053,48805],{"class":153},[44,49055,157],{"class":58},[44,49057,2590],{"class":111},[44,49059,83],{"class":58},[44,49061,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49063,1869],{"class":58},[44,49065,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49067,154],{"class":153},[44,49069,157],{"class":58},[44,49071,48805],{"class":153},[44,49073,157],{"class":58},[44,49075,2590],{"class":111},[44,49077,83],{"class":58},[44,49079,48834],{"class":1861},[44,49081,1869],{"class":58},[20,49083,330],{},[35,49085,49086],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49087,49088,49092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49089,49090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49091,4107],{"class":1400},[44,49093,49094],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49095,4168],{"class":1400},[1960,49097,49099],{"id":49098},"check-text","Check text",[35,49101,49103],{"className":37,"code":49102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49104,49105,49117,49121,49139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49106,49107,49109,49111,49113,49115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49108,34608],{"class":50},[44,49110,55],{"class":54},[44,49112,75],{"class":62},[44,49114,3971],{"class":66},[44,49116,3479],{"class":62},[44,49118,49119],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49120,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49122,49123,49125,49127,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49124,154],{"class":153},[44,49126,157],{"class":58},[44,49128,48805],{"class":153},[44,49130,157],{"class":58},[44,49132,34629],{"class":111},[44,49134,83],{"class":58},[44,49136,48834],{"class":1861},[44,49138,1869],{"class":58},[44,49140,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49142,154],{"class":153},[44,49144,157],{"class":58},[44,49146,48805],{"class":153},[44,49148,157],{"class":58},[44,49150,34629],{"class":111},[44,49152,83],{"class":58},[44,49154,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49156,1869],{"class":58},[20,49158,330],{},[35,49160,49161],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49162,49163,49167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49164,49165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49166,4107],{"class":1400},[44,49168,49169],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49170,4168],{"class":1400},[20,49172,49173,49174,49176],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49175,44734],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49178,49179,49180,108],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[395,49181,49182],{"href":3081},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,49184,49186],{"id":49185},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49188,49189],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49191,49192],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,49194,49196],{"className":37,"code":49195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49197,49198,49207,49211,49235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49199,49200,49202,49204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49201,2564],{"class":50},[44,49203,55],{"class":54},[44,49205,49206],{"class":95}," 3.5\n",[44,49208,49209],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49210,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49212,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49214,154],{"class":153},[44,49216,157],{"class":58},[44,49218,48805],{"class":153},[44,49220,157],{"class":58},[44,49222,2590],{"class":111},[44,49224,83],{"class":58},[44,49226,857],{"class":58},[44,49228,2306],{"class":1861},[44,49230,83],{"class":58},[44,49232,40181],{"class":1861},[44,49234,3031],{"class":58},[44,49236,49237,49239,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49238,154],{"class":153},[44,49240,157],{"class":58},[44,49242,48805],{"class":153},[44,49244,157],{"class":58},[44,49246,2590],{"class":111},[44,49248,83],{"class":58},[44,49250,857],{"class":58},[44,49252,3564],{"class":1861},[44,49254,83],{"class":58},[44,49256,22630],{"class":1861},[44,49258,3031],{"class":58},[20,49260,330],{},[35,49262,49263],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49264,49265,49269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49266,49267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49268,4107],{"class":1400},[44,49270,49271],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49272,4168],{"class":1400},[20,49274,49275,49276,49278],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49277,40763],{}," conditions.",[20,49280,8429],{},[35,49282,49284],{"className":37,"code":49283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49285,49286,49294,49298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49287,49288,49290,49292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49289,2564],{"class":50},[44,49291,55],{"class":54},[44,49293,49206],{"class":95},[44,49295,49296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49297,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49299,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316,49318,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329,49331],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49301,154],{"class":153},[44,49303,157],{"class":58},[44,49305,1862],{"class":1861},[44,49307,157],{"class":58},[44,49309,2590],{"class":111},[44,49311,3786],{"class":58},[44,49313,6538],{"class":54},[44,49315,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49317,48165],{"class":4002},[44,49319,49320],{"class":1861}," type",[44,49322,157],{"class":58},[44,49324,2590],{"class":111},[44,49326,3786],{"class":58},[44,49328,6538],{"class":54},[44,49330,40181],{"class":1861},[44,49332,162],{"class":58},[20,49334,49335],{},"you can write this:",[35,49337,49339],{"className":37,"code":49338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49340,49341,49349,49353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49342,49343,49345,49347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49344,2564],{"class":50},[44,49346,55],{"class":54},[44,49348,49206],{"class":95},[44,49350,49351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49352,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49354,49355,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371,49373,49375],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49356,154],{"class":153},[44,49358,157],{"class":58},[44,49360,48805],{"class":153},[44,49362,157],{"class":58},[44,49364,2590],{"class":111},[44,49366,83],{"class":58},[44,49368,857],{"class":58},[44,49370,2306],{"class":1861},[44,49372,83],{"class":58},[44,49374,40181],{"class":1861},[44,49376,3031],{"class":58},[20,49378,49379],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49381,49383,10698,49385],{"id":49382},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49384,44734],{},[15,49386,2419],{},[20,49388,10703,49389,4523,49391,49395],{},[15,49390,44734],{},[395,49392,49393],{"href":2416},[15,49394,2419],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1960,49397,49399],{"id":49398},"typevalue-int",[15,49400,49401],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49403,49404],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49406,49408],{"className":37,"code":49407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49409,49410,49418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49411,49412,49414,49416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49413,2564],{"class":50},[44,49415,55],{"class":54},[44,49417,2706],{"class":95},[44,49419,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432,49434,49436],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49421,154],{"class":153},[44,49423,157],{"class":58},[44,49425,1862],{"class":1861},[44,49427,157],{"class":58},[44,49429,2590],{"class":111},[44,49431,3786],{"class":58},[44,49433,6538],{"class":54},[44,49435,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49437,162],{"class":58},[1960,49439,49441],{"id":49440},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49442,49443],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49445,49446],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49448,49450],{"className":37,"code":49449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49451,49452,49460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49453,49454,49456,49458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49455,2564],{"class":50},[44,49457,55],{"class":54},[44,49459,2706],{"class":95},[44,49461,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470,49472,49474,49476],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49463,154],{"class":153},[44,49465,157],{"class":58},[44,49467,48805],{"class":153},[44,49469,157],{"class":58},[44,49471,2590],{"class":111},[44,49473,83],{"class":58},[44,49475,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49477,1869],{"class":58},[20,49479,49480,49481,49483],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49482,44734],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49485,49486],{},"In everyday code:",[192,49488,49489,49494],{},[195,49490,39916,49491,49493],{},[15,49492,2419],{}," when you need the exact type",[195,49495,39916,49496,49498],{},[15,49497,44734],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49500,49502],{"id":49501},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49504,49505,49506,108],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49507,44734],{},[1960,49509,49511],{"id":49510},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49513,49515],{"className":37,"code":49514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49516,49517,49535,49554,49566,49571,49589,49600,49604,49616,49620,49644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49518,49519,49521,49524,49526,49528,49530,49533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49520,34772],{"class":2182},[44,49522,49523],{"class":34775}," repeat_text",[44,49525,157],{"class":58},[44,49527,34629],{"class":37587},[44,49529,83],{"class":58},[44,49531,49532],{"class":37587}," count",[44,49534,8473],{"class":58},[44,49536,49537,49539,49541,49544,49546,49548,49550,49552],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49538,6528],{"class":4002},[44,49540,8230],{"class":54},[44,49542,49543],{"class":153}," isinstance",[44,49545,157],{"class":58},[44,49547,34629],{"class":111},[44,49549,83],{"class":58},[44,49551,48834],{"class":1861},[44,49553,8473],{"class":58},[44,49555,49556,49559,49561,49564],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49557,49558],{"class":4002},"        return",[44,49560,75],{"class":62},[44,49562,49563],{"class":66},"text must be a string",[44,49565,3479],{"class":62},[44,49567,49568],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49569,49570],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49572,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,49574,6528],{"class":4002},[44,49576,8230],{"class":54},[44,49578,49543],{"class":153},[44,49580,157],{"class":58},[44,49582,41186],{"class":111},[44,49584,83],{"class":58},[44,49586,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49588,8473],{"class":58},[44,49590,49591,49593,49595,49598],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,49592,49558],{"class":4002},[44,49594,75],{"class":62},[44,49596,49597],{"class":66},"count must be an integer",[44,49599,3479],{"class":62},[44,49601,49602],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,49603,49570],{"class":50},[44,49605,49606,49608,49611,49613],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,49607,34783],{"class":4002},[44,49609,49610],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49612,39798],{"class":54},[44,49614,49615],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49617,49618],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,49619,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49621,49622,49624,49626,49629,49631,49633,49636,49638,49640,49642],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,49623,154],{"class":153},[44,49625,157],{"class":58},[44,49627,49628],{"class":111},"repeat_text",[44,49630,157],{"class":58},[44,49632,63],{"class":62},[44,49634,49635],{"class":66},"Hi ",[44,49637,63],{"class":62},[44,49639,83],{"class":58},[44,49641,1017],{"class":95},[44,49643,1869],{"class":58},[44,49645,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668],{"class":46,"line":11699},[44,49647,154],{"class":153},[44,49649,157],{"class":58},[44,49651,49628],{"class":111},[44,49653,157],{"class":58},[44,49655,63],{"class":62},[44,49657,49635],{"class":66},[44,49659,63],{"class":62},[44,49661,83],{"class":58},[44,49663,75],{"class":62},[44,49665,2179],{"class":66},[44,49667,63],{"class":62},[44,49669,1869],{"class":58},[20,49671,330],{},[35,49673,49675],{"className":37,"code":49674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49676,49677,49682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49678,49679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49680,49681],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49683,49684],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49685,49686],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49688,49689],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1960,49691,49693],{"id":49692},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49695,49697],{"className":37,"code":49696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49698,49699,49731,49735,49751,49766,49783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49700,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49702,2564],{"class":50},[44,49704,55],{"class":54},[44,49706,3746],{"class":58},[44,49708,63],{"class":62},[44,49710,395],{"class":66},[44,49712,63],{"class":62},[44,49714,83],{"class":58},[44,49716,75],{"class":62},[44,49718,1005],{"class":66},[44,49720,63],{"class":62},[44,49722,83],{"class":58},[44,49724,75],{"class":62},[44,49726,9855],{"class":66},[44,49728,63],{"class":62},[44,49730,3759],{"class":58},[44,49732,49733],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49734,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49736,49737,49739,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49738,7128],{"class":4002},[44,49740,49543],{"class":153},[44,49742,157],{"class":58},[44,49744,2590],{"class":111},[44,49746,83],{"class":58},[44,49748,48834],{"class":1861},[44,49750,8473],{"class":58},[44,49752,49753,49755,49757,49759,49762,49764],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49754,8200],{"class":153},[44,49756,157],{"class":58},[44,49758,63],{"class":62},[44,49760,49761],{"class":66},"This is text",[44,49763,63],{"class":62},[44,49765,162],{"class":58},[44,49767,49768,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,49769,49770],{"class":4002},"elif",[44,49772,49543],{"class":153},[44,49774,157],{"class":58},[44,49776,2590],{"class":111},[44,49778,83],{"class":58},[44,49780,22630],{"class":1861},[44,49782,8473],{"class":58},[44,49784,49785,49787,49789,49791,49794,49796],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,49786,8200],{"class":153},[44,49788,157],{"class":58},[44,49790,63],{"class":62},[44,49792,49793],{"class":66},"This is a list",[44,49795,63],{"class":62},[44,49797,162],{"class":58},[20,49799,330],{},[35,49801,49803],{"className":37,"code":49802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49804,49805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49806,49807,49810,49812,49814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49808,49809],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49811,12295],{"class":54},[44,49813,44473],{"class":50},[44,49815,49816],{"class":1861},"list\n",[1960,49818,49820],{"id":49819},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49822,49824],{"className":37,"code":49823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49825,49826,49838,49842,49858,49872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49827,49828,49830,49832,49834,49836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49829,2564],{"class":50},[44,49831,55],{"class":54},[44,49833,75],{"class":62},[44,49835,46455],{"class":66},[44,49837,3479],{"class":62},[44,49839,49840],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49841,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49843,49844,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49845,7128],{"class":4002},[44,49847,49543],{"class":153},[44,49849,157],{"class":58},[44,49851,2590],{"class":111},[44,49853,83],{"class":58},[44,49855,48834],{"class":1861},[44,49857,8473],{"class":58},[44,49859,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49861,41817],{"class":50},[44,49863,55],{"class":54},[44,49865,45205],{"class":1861},[44,49867,157],{"class":58},[44,49869,2590],{"class":111},[44,49871,162],{"class":58},[44,49873,49874,49876,49878,49880],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,49875,8200],{"class":153},[44,49877,157],{"class":58},[44,49879,2357],{"class":111},[44,49881,162],{"class":58},[20,49883,330],{},[35,49885,49886],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49887,49888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49889,49890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49891,46541],{"class":95},[20,49893,49894],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1960,49896,49898],{"id":49897},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49900,49902],{"className":37,"code":49901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49903,49904,49928,49932,49948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49905,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49907,2564],{"class":50},[44,49909,55],{"class":54},[44,49911,59],{"class":58},[44,49913,63],{"class":62},[44,49915,67],{"class":66},[44,49917,63],{"class":62},[44,49919,72],{"class":58},[44,49921,75],{"class":62},[44,49923,78],{"class":66},[44,49925,63],{"class":62},[44,49927,99],{"class":58},[44,49929,49930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,49931,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,49933,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,49935,7128],{"class":4002},[44,49937,49543],{"class":153},[44,49939,157],{"class":58},[44,49941,2590],{"class":111},[44,49943,83],{"class":58},[44,49945,9299],{"class":1861},[44,49947,8473],{"class":58},[44,49949,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962,49964],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,49951,8200],{"class":153},[44,49953,157],{"class":58},[44,49955,2590],{"class":111},[44,49957,4027],{"class":58},[44,49959,63],{"class":62},[44,49961,67],{"class":66},[44,49963,63],{"class":62},[44,49965,4015],{"class":58},[20,49967,330],{},[35,49969,49971],{"className":37,"code":49970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49972,49973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49974,49975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49976,49970],{"class":50},[20,49978,49979,49980,49982],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49981,3125],{}," messages later.",[30,49984,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,49986,49988,49989,11202,49992],{"id":49987},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49990,49991],{},"\"int\"",[15,49993,2306],{},[20,49995,16725],{},[35,49997,49999],{"className":37,"code":49998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50000,50001,50009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50002,50003,50005,50007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50004,2564],{"class":50},[44,50006,55],{"class":54},[44,50008,2706],{"class":95},[44,50010,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50012,154],{"class":153},[44,50014,157],{"class":58},[44,50016,48805],{"class":153},[44,50018,157],{"class":58},[44,50020,2590],{"class":111},[44,50022,83],{"class":58},[44,50024,75],{"class":62},[44,50026,2306],{"class":66},[44,50028,63],{"class":62},[44,50030,1869],{"class":58},[20,50032,50033,50035],{},[15,50034,49991],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50037,1436],{},[35,50039,50040],{"className":37,"code":49449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50041,50042,50050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50043,50044,50046,50048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50045,2564],{"class":50},[44,50047,55],{"class":54},[44,50049,2706],{"class":95},[44,50051,50052,50054,50056,50058,50060,50062,50064,50066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50053,154],{"class":153},[44,50055,157],{"class":58},[44,50057,48805],{"class":153},[44,50059,157],{"class":58},[44,50061,2590],{"class":111},[44,50063,83],{"class":58},[44,50065,45205],{"class":1861},[44,50067,1869],{"class":58},[1960,50069,50071],{"id":50070},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50073,16725],{},[35,50075,50077],{"className":37,"code":50076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50078,50079,50087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50080,50081,50083,50085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50082,2564],{"class":50},[44,50084,55],{"class":54},[44,50086,34763],{"class":95},[44,50088,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50090,154],{"class":153},[44,50092,157],{"class":58},[44,50094,48805],{"class":153},[44,50096,157],{"class":58},[44,50098,2590],{"class":111},[44,50100,83],{"class":58},[44,50102,3746],{"class":58},[44,50104,2306],{"class":1861},[44,50106,83],{"class":58},[44,50108,40181],{"class":1861},[44,50110,3119],{"class":58},[20,50112,50113],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50115,1436],{},[35,50117,50119],{"className":37,"code":50118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50120,50121,50129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50122,50123,50125,50127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50124,2564],{"class":50},[44,50126,55],{"class":54},[44,50128,34763],{"class":95},[44,50130,50131,50133,50135,50137,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50132,154],{"class":153},[44,50134,157],{"class":58},[44,50136,48805],{"class":153},[44,50138,157],{"class":58},[44,50140,2590],{"class":111},[44,50142,83],{"class":58},[44,50144,857],{"class":58},[44,50146,2306],{"class":1861},[44,50148,83],{"class":58},[44,50150,40181],{"class":1861},[44,50152,3031],{"class":58},[1960,50154,25843,50156,50158],{"id":50155},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50157,44734],{}," converts a value",[20,50160,18990],{},[35,50162,50164],{"className":37,"code":50163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50165,50166,50179,50197,50201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50167,50168,50170,50172,50174,50177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50169,2564],{"class":50},[44,50171,55],{"class":54},[44,50173,75],{"class":62},[44,50175,50176],{"class":66},"123",[44,50178,3479],{"class":62},[44,50180,50181,50183,50185,50187,50189,50191,50193,50195],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50182,1340],{"class":50},[44,50184,55],{"class":54},[44,50186,49543],{"class":153},[44,50188,157],{"class":58},[44,50190,2590],{"class":111},[44,50192,83],{"class":58},[44,50194,45205],{"class":1861},[44,50196,162],{"class":58},[44,50198,50199],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,50200,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,50202,50203,50205,50207,50209],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,50204,154],{"class":153},[44,50206,157],{"class":58},[44,50208,1376],{"class":111},[44,50210,162],{"class":58},[20,50212,330],{},[35,50214,50215],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50216,50217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50218,50219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50220,4168],{"class":1400},[20,50222,50223,50224,50227,50228,50230],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50225,50226],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50229,50176],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50232,50233,50234,6761],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50235,50236],{},"int(value)",[1960,50238,50240],{"id":50239},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50242,50243,50245],{},[15,50244,44734],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,50247,50249],{"className":37,"code":50248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50250,50251,50263,50267,50285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50252,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50254,2564],{"class":50},[44,50256,55],{"class":54},[44,50258,75],{"class":62},[44,50260,13651],{"class":66},[44,50262,3479],{"class":62},[44,50264,50265],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50266,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,50268,50269,50271,50273,50275,50277,50279,50281,50283],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,50270,154],{"class":153},[44,50272,157],{"class":58},[44,50274,48805],{"class":153},[44,50276,157],{"class":58},[44,50278,2590],{"class":111},[44,50280,83],{"class":58},[44,50282,48834],{"class":1861},[44,50284,1869],{"class":58},[44,50286,50287,50289,50291,50293],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,50288,154],{"class":153},[44,50290,157],{"class":58},[44,50292,2590],{"class":111},[44,50294,162],{"class":58},[20,50296,330],{},[35,50298,50300],{"className":37,"code":50299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50301,50302,50306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50303,50304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50305,4107],{"class":1400},[44,50307,50308],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50309,47192],{"class":95},[20,50311,50312],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50314,26011],{"id":26010},[20,50316,50317],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50319,50321],{"className":37,"code":50320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50322,50323,50337,50355,50379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50324,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333,50335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50326,154],{"class":153},[44,50328,157],{"class":58},[44,50330,1862],{"class":1861},[44,50332,157],{"class":58},[44,50334,2590],{"class":111},[44,50336,1869],{"class":58},[44,50338,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50340,154],{"class":153},[44,50342,157],{"class":58},[44,50344,48805],{"class":153},[44,50346,157],{"class":58},[44,50348,2590],{"class":111},[44,50350,83],{"class":58},[44,50352,45205],{"class":1861},[44,50354,1869],{"class":58},[44,50356,50357,50359,50361,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,50358,154],{"class":153},[44,50360,157],{"class":58},[44,50362,48805],{"class":153},[44,50364,157],{"class":58},[44,50366,2590],{"class":111},[44,50368,83],{"class":58},[44,50370,857],{"class":58},[44,50372,2306],{"class":1861},[44,50374,83],{"class":58},[44,50376,40181],{"class":1861},[44,50378,3031],{"class":58},[44,50380,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,50382,154],{"class":153},[44,50384,157],{"class":58},[44,50386,41706],{"class":153},[44,50388,157],{"class":58},[44,50390,2590],{"class":111},[44,50392,1869],{"class":58},[20,50394,50395],{},"These can help when:",[192,50397,50398,50401,50406,50409],{},[195,50399,50400],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[195,50402,50403,50404],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50405,3125],{},[195,50407,50408],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[195,50410,50411,50412,50414],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50413,44734],{}," is invalid",[20,50416,50417],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[192,50419,50420,50434,50440,50445],{},[195,50421,50422,50423,2997,50426,50429,50430,2997,50432],{},"using ",[15,50424,50425],{},"'int'",[15,50427,50428],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50431,2306],{},[15,50433,3564],{},[195,50435,50436,50437,50439],{},"expecting ",[15,50438,44734],{}," to convert a value",[195,50441,50422,50442,50444],{},[15,50443,2419],{}," when inherited types should also match",[195,50446,50447],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50449,50450,50451,108],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[395,50452,50454,50455],{"href":50453},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50456,50457],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50459,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,50461,5273,50463,5276],{"id":50462},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50464,44734],{},[20,50466,214,50467,50469,50470,108],{},[15,50468,3726],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50471,3799],{},[1960,50473,1984,50475,50477],{"id":50474},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50476,44734],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50479,50480,50481,108],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50482,50483],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1960,50485,2007,50487,4523,50489,2610],{"id":50486},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50488,44734],{},[15,50490,2419],{},[20,50492,50493,50495,50496,50498],{},[15,50494,2419],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50497,44734],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1960,50500,1963,50502,50504],{"id":50501},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50503,44734],{}," convert a value?",[20,50506,50507],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50509,2020],{"id":2019},[192,50511,50512,50518,50522,50527,50532],{},[195,50513,50514],{},[395,50515,3697,50516,3630],{"href":2416},[15,50517,2419],{},[195,50519,50520],{},[395,50521,44726],{"href":48908},[195,50523,50524],{},[395,50525,50526],{"href":3081},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[195,50528,50529],{},[395,50530,50531],{"href":48911},"What is a data type in Python?",[195,50533,50534],{},[395,50535,50454,50536],{"href":50453},[15,50537,50457],{},[2048,50539,50540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":50542},[50543,50544,50546,50549,50553,50554,50559,50565,50573,50574,50584],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":48847,"depth":102,"text":50545},"What isinstance() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":50547},[50548],{"id":48939,"depth":150,"text":48940},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581,"children":50550},[50551,50552],{"id":49027,"depth":150,"text":49028},{"id":49098,"depth":150,"text":49099},{"id":49185,"depth":102,"text":49186},{"id":49382,"depth":102,"text":50555,"children":50556},"isinstance() vs type()",[50557,50558],{"id":49398,"depth":150,"text":49401},{"id":49440,"depth":150,"text":49443},{"id":49501,"depth":102,"text":49502,"children":50560},[50561,50562,50563,50564],{"id":49510,"depth":150,"text":49511},{"id":49692,"depth":150,"text":49693},{"id":49819,"depth":150,"text":49820},{"id":49897,"depth":150,"text":49898},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":50566},[50567,50569,50570,50572],{"id":49987,"depth":150,"text":50568},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50070,"depth":150,"text":50071},{"id":50155,"depth":150,"text":50571},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50239,"depth":150,"text":50240},{"id":26010,"depth":102,"text":26011},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":50575},[50576,50578,50580,50582],{"id":50462,"depth":150,"text":50577},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50474,"depth":150,"text":50579},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50486,"depth":150,"text":50581},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50501,"depth":150,"text":50583},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48748,"description":50585},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50591,"title":50592,"body":50593,"description":52566,"extension":2080,"meta":52567,"navigation":682,"path":52568,"seo":52569,"stem":52570,"__hash__":52571},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50594,"toc":52541},[50595,50598,50603,50608,50622,50625,50627,50702,50707,50711,50716,50719,50733,50735,50901,50914,50916,50918,50933,50936,50939,50952,50954,51052,51056,51062,51065,51074,51076,51111,51116,51137,51142,51147,51179,51182,51239,51243,51249,51252,51305,51307,51347,51350,51418,51421,51472,51479,51483,51489,51574,51580,51586,51635,51638,51641,51691,51693,51698,51702,51752,51756,51803,51807,51884,51888,51953,51956,51960,51965,51970,51982,51984,52003,52009,52012,52031,52036,52063,52070,52074,52080,52083,52178,52181,52184,52233,52238,52240,52244,52279,52282,52339,52349,52352,52386,52389,52391,52395,52398,52402,52405,52409,52412,52416,52429,52433,52438,52440,52490,52502,52504,52538],[10,50596,50592],{"id":50597},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50599,9253,50600,50602],{},[15,50601,42288],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50604,35327,50605,50607],{},[15,50606,42288],{}," to count:",[192,50609,50610,50613,50616,50619],{},[195,50611,50612],{},"characters in a string",[195,50614,50615],{},"items in a list or tuple",[195,50617,50618],{},"keys in a dictionary",[195,50620,50621],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50623,50624],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50626,33],{"id":32},[35,50628,50630],{"className":37,"code":50629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50631,50632,50644,50664,50668,50685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50633,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50635,34608],{"class":50},[44,50637,55],{"class":54},[44,50639,75],{"class":62},[44,50641,3971],{"class":66},[44,50643,3479],{"class":62},[44,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654,50656,50658,50660,50662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50647,7910],{"class":50},[44,50649,55],{"class":54},[44,50651,3746],{"class":58},[44,50653,2448],{"class":95},[44,50655,83],{"class":58},[44,50657,96],{"class":95},[44,50659,83],{"class":58},[44,50661,7925],{"class":95},[44,50663,3759],{"class":58},[44,50665,50666],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,50667,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,50669,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,50671,154],{"class":153},[44,50673,157],{"class":58},[44,50675,11271],{"class":153},[44,50677,157],{"class":58},[44,50679,34629],{"class":111},[44,50681,5491],{"class":58},[44,50683,50684],{"class":168},"   # 5\n",[44,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,50688,154],{"class":153},[44,50690,157],{"class":58},[44,50692,11271],{"class":153},[44,50694,157],{"class":58},[44,50696,7940],{"class":111},[44,50698,5491],{"class":58},[44,50700,50701],{"class":168},"  # 3\n",[20,50703,172,50704,50706],{},[15,50705,42288],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50708,50710],{"id":50709},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50712,50713,50715],{},[15,50714,42288],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50717,50718],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[192,50720,50721,50724,50727,50730],{},[195,50722,50723],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[195,50725,50726],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[195,50728,50729],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[195,50731,50732],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50734,223],{},[35,50736,50738],{"className":37,"code":50737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50739,50740,50752,50777,50809,50829,50833,50850,50867,50884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50741,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50743,8007],{"class":50},[44,50745,55],{"class":54},[44,50747,75],{"class":62},[44,50749,470],{"class":66},[44,50751,3479],{"class":62},[44,50753,50754,50756,50758,50760,50762,50764,50766,50768,50770,50772,50775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50755,3741],{"class":50},[44,50757,55],{"class":54},[44,50759,3746],{"class":58},[44,50761,2448],{"class":95},[44,50763,83],{"class":58},[44,50765,96],{"class":95},[44,50767,83],{"class":58},[44,50769,7925],{"class":95},[44,50771,83],{"class":58},[44,50773,50774],{"class":95}," 40",[44,50776,3759],{"class":58},[44,50778,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,50780,489],{"class":50},[44,50782,55],{"class":54},[44,50784,59],{"class":58},[44,50786,63],{"class":62},[44,50788,395],{"class":66},[44,50790,63],{"class":62},[44,50792,72],{"class":58},[44,50794,504],{"class":95},[44,50796,83],{"class":58},[44,50798,75],{"class":62},[44,50800,1005],{"class":66},[44,50802,63],{"class":62},[44,50804,72],{"class":58},[44,50806,1012],{"class":95},[44,50808,99],{"class":58},[44,50810,50811,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,50812,3948],{"class":50},[44,50814,55],{"class":54},[44,50816,59],{"class":58},[44,50818,2254],{"class":95},[44,50820,83],{"class":58},[44,50822,37568],{"class":95},[44,50824,83],{"class":58},[44,50826,6123],{"class":95},[44,50828,99],{"class":58},[44,50830,50831],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,50832,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,50834,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50847],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,50836,154],{"class":153},[44,50838,157],{"class":58},[44,50840,11271],{"class":153},[44,50842,157],{"class":58},[44,50844,67],{"class":111},[44,50846,5491],{"class":58},[44,50848,50849],{"class":168},"     # 3\n",[44,50851,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862,50864],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,50853,154],{"class":153},[44,50855,157],{"class":58},[44,50857,11271],{"class":153},[44,50859,157],{"class":58},[44,50861,3773],{"class":111},[44,50863,5491],{"class":58},[44,50865,50866],{"class":168},"  # 4\n",[44,50868,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,50870,154],{"class":153},[44,50872,157],{"class":58},[44,50874,11271],{"class":153},[44,50876,157],{"class":58},[44,50878,511],{"class":111},[44,50880,5491],{"class":58},[44,50882,50883],{"class":168},"     # 2\n",[44,50885,50886,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,50887,154],{"class":153},[44,50889,157],{"class":58},[44,50891,11271],{"class":153},[44,50893,157],{"class":58},[44,50895,5488],{"class":111},[44,50897,5491],{"class":58},[44,50899,50900],{"class":168},"   # 3\n",[20,50902,50903,50904,2307,50908,17153,50912,108],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[395,50905,50907],{"href":50906},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[395,50909,50911],{"href":50910},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[395,50913,9285],{"href":9284},[30,50915,402],{"id":401},[20,50917,2277],{},[35,50919,50921],{"className":37,"code":50920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50922,50923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50924,50925,50927,50929,50931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50926,11271],{"class":153},[44,50928,157],{"class":58},[44,50930,42326],{"class":1861},[44,50932,162],{"class":58},[20,50934,50935],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50937,50938],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[192,50940,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949],{},[195,50942,37832],{},[195,50944,37826],{},[195,50946,37829],{},[195,50948,37835],{},[195,50950,50951],{},"a dictionary",[20,50953,223],{},[35,50955,50957],{"className":37,"code":50956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50958,50959,50980,51004,51026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50960,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975,50977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50962,154],{"class":153},[44,50964,157],{"class":58},[44,50966,11271],{"class":153},[44,50968,157],{"class":58},[44,50970,63],{"class":62},[44,50972,39],{"class":66},[44,50974,63],{"class":62},[44,50976,5491],{"class":58},[44,50978,50979],{"class":168},"      # 6\n",[44,50981,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000,51002],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,50983,154],{"class":153},[44,50985,157],{"class":58},[44,50987,11271],{"class":153},[44,50989,3105],{"class":58},[44,50991,3108],{"class":95},[44,50993,83],{"class":58},[44,50995,1012],{"class":95},[44,50997,83],{"class":58},[44,50999,1017],{"class":95},[44,51001,4867],{"class":58},[44,51003,50849],{"class":168},[44,51005,51006,51008,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51023],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51007,154],{"class":153},[44,51009,157],{"class":58},[44,51011,11271],{"class":153},[44,51013,5640],{"class":58},[44,51015,2448],{"class":95},[44,51017,83],{"class":58},[44,51019,96],{"class":95},[44,51021,51022],{"class":58},")))",[44,51024,51025],{"class":168},"      # 2\n",[44,51027,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51049],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51029,154],{"class":153},[44,51031,157],{"class":58},[44,51033,11271],{"class":153},[44,51035,115],{"class":58},[44,51037,63],{"class":62},[44,51039,2291],{"class":66},[44,51041,63],{"class":62},[44,51043,72],{"class":58},[44,51045,504],{"class":95},[44,51047,51048],{"class":58},"}))",[44,51050,51051],{"class":168},"      # 1\n",[30,51053,51055],{"id":51054},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51057,51058,51059,51061],{},"When you use ",[15,51060,42288],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51063,51064],{},"That includes:",[192,51066,51067,51069,51071],{},[195,51068,36066],{},[195,51070,10566],{},[195,51072,51073],{},"punctuation",[20,51075,223],{},[35,51077,51079],{"className":37,"code":51078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51080,51081,51094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51082,51083,51085,51087,51089,51092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51084,34608],{"class":50},[44,51086,55],{"class":54},[44,51088,75],{"class":62},[44,51090,51091],{"class":66},"Hi there!",[44,51093,3479],{"class":62},[44,51095,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51097,154],{"class":153},[44,51099,157],{"class":58},[44,51101,11271],{"class":153},[44,51103,157],{"class":58},[44,51105,34629],{"class":111},[44,51107,5491],{"class":58},[44,51109,51110],{"class":168},"  # 9\n",[20,51112,51113,51114,2610],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51115,2262],{},[192,51117,51118,51124,51128,51131],{},[195,51119,51120,51123],{},[15,51121,51122],{},"H"," = 1",[195,51125,51126,51123],{},[15,51127,36077],{},[195,51129,51130],{},"space = 1",[195,51132,51133,51136],{},[15,51134,51135],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51138,51139,51140],{},"Total: ",[15,51141,2262],{},[20,51143,51144,51145,72],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51146,2237],{},[35,51148,51150],{"className":37,"code":51149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51151,51152,51161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51153,51154,51157,51159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51155,51156],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,51158,55],{"class":54},[44,51160,8012],{"class":62},[44,51162,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171,51174,51176],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51164,154],{"class":153},[44,51166,157],{"class":58},[44,51168,11271],{"class":153},[44,51170,157],{"class":58},[44,51172,51173],{"class":111},"empty_text",[44,51175,5491],{"class":58},[44,51177,51178],{"class":168},"  # 0\n",[20,51180,51181],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,51183,51185],{"className":37,"code":51184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51186,51187,51200,51204,51224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51188,51189,51192,51194,51196,51198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51190,51191],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,51193,55],{"class":54},[44,51195,75],{"class":62},[44,51197,5135],{"class":66},[44,51199,3479],{"class":62},[44,51201,51202],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51203,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,51205,51206,51208,51210,51212,51215,51217,51220,51222],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51207,7128],{"class":4002},[44,51209,38311],{"class":153},[44,51211,157],{"class":58},[44,51213,51214],{"class":111},"user_name",[44,51216,3786],{"class":58},[44,51218,51219],{"class":54}," >=",[44,51221,1017],{"class":95},[44,51223,6523],{"class":58},[44,51225,51226,51228,51230,51232,51235,51237],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51227,8200],{"class":153},[44,51229,157],{"class":58},[44,51231,63],{"class":62},[44,51233,51234],{"class":66},"Name is long enough",[44,51236,63],{"class":62},[44,51238,162],{"class":58},[30,51240,51242],{"id":51241},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51244,51245,51246,51248],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51247,42288],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51250,51251],{},"Example with a list:",[35,51253,51255],{"className":37,"code":51254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51256,51257,51289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51258,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281,51283,51285,51287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51260,13172],{"class":50},[44,51262,55],{"class":54},[44,51264,3746],{"class":58},[44,51266,63],{"class":62},[44,51268,13189],{"class":66},[44,51270,63],{"class":62},[44,51272,83],{"class":58},[44,51274,75],{"class":62},[44,51276,17534],{"class":66},[44,51278,63],{"class":62},[44,51280,83],{"class":58},[44,51282,75],{"class":62},[44,51284,13206],{"class":66},[44,51286,63],{"class":62},[44,51288,3759],{"class":58},[44,51290,51291,51293,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51292,154],{"class":153},[44,51294,157],{"class":58},[44,51296,11271],{"class":153},[44,51298,157],{"class":58},[44,51300,17581],{"class":111},[44,51302,5491],{"class":58},[44,51304,50701],{"class":168},[20,51306,37841],{},[35,51308,51310],{"className":37,"code":51309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51311,51312,51329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51313,51314,51317,51319,51321,51323,51325,51327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51315,51316],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51318,55],{"class":54},[44,51320,857],{"class":58},[44,51322,2448],{"class":95},[44,51324,83],{"class":58},[44,51326,96],{"class":95},[44,51328,162],{"class":58},[44,51330,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51342,51344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51332,154],{"class":153},[44,51334,157],{"class":58},[44,51336,11271],{"class":153},[44,51338,157],{"class":58},[44,51340,51341],{"class":111},"point",[44,51343,5491],{"class":58},[44,51345,51346],{"class":168},"  # 2\n",[20,51348,51349],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51351,51353],{"className":37,"code":51352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51354,51355,51379,51383,51401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51356,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51358,7910],{"class":50},[44,51360,55],{"class":54},[44,51362,3746],{"class":58},[44,51364,63],{"class":62},[44,51366,4207],{"class":66},[44,51368,63],{"class":62},[44,51370,83],{"class":58},[44,51372,75],{"class":62},[44,51374,4216],{"class":66},[44,51376,63],{"class":62},[44,51378,3759],{"class":58},[44,51380,51381],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51382,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51386,7128],{"class":4002},[44,51388,38311],{"class":153},[44,51390,157],{"class":58},[44,51392,7940],{"class":111},[44,51394,3786],{"class":58},[44,51396,38321],{"class":54},[44,51398,504],{"class":95},[44,51400,6523],{"class":58},[44,51402,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51413,51415],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51404,8200],{"class":153},[44,51406,157],{"class":58},[44,51408,7940],{"class":111},[44,51410,4027],{"class":58},[44,51412,3108],{"class":95},[44,51414,20518],{"class":58},[44,51416,51417],{"class":168},"  # banana\n",[20,51419,51420],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51422,51424],{"className":37,"code":51423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51425,51426,51449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51427,51428,51430,51432,51434,51437,51439,51442,51444,51447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51429,811],{"class":50},[44,51431,55],{"class":54},[44,51433,3746],{"class":58},[44,51435,51436],{"class":95},"88",[44,51438,83],{"class":58},[44,51440,51441],{"class":95}," 91",[44,51443,83],{"class":58},[44,51445,51446],{"class":95}," 75",[44,51448,3759],{"class":58},[44,51450,51451,51453,51455,51457,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51452,154],{"class":153},[44,51454,157],{"class":58},[44,51456,63],{"class":62},[44,51458,51459],{"class":66},"Number of scores:",[44,51461,63],{"class":62},[44,51463,83],{"class":58},[44,51465,38311],{"class":153},[44,51467,157],{"class":58},[44,51469,881],{"class":111},[44,51471,1869],{"class":58},[20,51473,51474,51475,108],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[395,51476,51478],{"href":51477},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51480,51482],{"id":51481},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51484,51485,51486,51488],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51487,42288],{}," counts keys.",[35,51490,51492],{"className":37,"code":51491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51493,51494,51502,51520,51534,51550,51554,51558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51495,51496,51498,51500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51497,233],{"class":50},[44,51499,55],{"class":54},[44,51501,11598],{"class":58},[44,51503,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51505,11603],{"class":62},[44,51507,67],{"class":66},[44,51509,63],{"class":62},[44,51511,72],{"class":58},[44,51513,75],{"class":62},[44,51515,8052],{"class":66},[44,51517,63],{"class":62},[44,51519,11619],{"class":58},[44,51521,51522,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51523,11603],{"class":62},[44,51525,88],{"class":66},[44,51527,63],{"class":62},[44,51529,72],{"class":58},[44,51531,635],{"class":95},[44,51533,11619],{"class":58},[44,51535,51536,51538,51540,51542,51544,51546,51548],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51537,11603],{"class":62},[44,51539,259],{"class":66},[44,51541,63],{"class":62},[44,51543,72],{"class":58},[44,51545,75],{"class":62},[44,51547,296],{"class":66},[44,51549,3479],{"class":62},[44,51551,51552],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,51553,99],{"class":58},[44,51555,51556],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,51557,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,51559,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,51561,154],{"class":153},[44,51563,157],{"class":58},[44,51565,11271],{"class":153},[44,51567,157],{"class":58},[44,51569,277],{"class":111},[44,51571,5491],{"class":58},[44,51573,50701],{"class":168},[20,51575,51576,51577,51579],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51578,42288],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51581,51582,51583,51585],{},"For sets, ",[15,51584,42288],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51587,51589],{"className":37,"code":51588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51590,51591,51619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51592,51593,51595,51597,51599,51601,51603,51605,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51594,3741],{"class":50},[44,51596,55],{"class":54},[44,51598,59],{"class":58},[44,51600,3108],{"class":95},[44,51602,83],{"class":58},[44,51604,1012],{"class":95},[44,51606,83],{"class":58},[44,51608,1017],{"class":95},[44,51610,83],{"class":58},[44,51612,1017],{"class":95},[44,51614,83],{"class":58},[44,51616,1012],{"class":95},[44,51618,99],{"class":58},[44,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51631,51633],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51622,154],{"class":153},[44,51624,157],{"class":58},[44,51626,11271],{"class":153},[44,51628,157],{"class":58},[44,51630,3773],{"class":111},[44,51632,5491],{"class":58},[44,51634,50701],{"class":168},[20,51636,51637],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51639,51640],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51642,51644],{"className":37,"code":51643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51645,51646,51654,51658,51676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51647,51648,51650,51652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51649,489],{"class":50},[44,51651,55],{"class":54},[44,51653,1238],{"class":58},[44,51655,51656],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51657,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,51659,51660,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672,51674],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51661,7128],{"class":4002},[44,51663,38311],{"class":153},[44,51665,157],{"class":58},[44,51667,511],{"class":111},[44,51669,3786],{"class":58},[44,51671,6538],{"class":54},[44,51673,3959],{"class":95},[44,51675,6523],{"class":58},[44,51677,51678,51680,51682,51684,51687,51689],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51679,8200],{"class":153},[44,51681,157],{"class":58},[44,51683,63],{"class":62},[44,51685,51686],{"class":66},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51688,63],{"class":62},[44,51690,162],{"class":58},[30,51692,40972],{"id":40971},[20,51694,51695,51696,108],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51697,42288],{},[1960,51699,51701],{"id":51700},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51703,51705],{"className":37,"code":51704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51706,51707,51715,51719,51737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51708,51709,51711,51713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51710,7910],{"class":50},[44,51712,55],{"class":54},[44,51714,7969],{"class":58},[44,51716,51717],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51718,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,51720,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51722,7128],{"class":4002},[44,51724,38311],{"class":153},[44,51726,157],{"class":58},[44,51728,7940],{"class":111},[44,51730,3786],{"class":58},[44,51732,6538],{"class":54},[44,51734,3959],{"class":95},[44,51736,6523],{"class":58},[44,51738,51739,51741,51743,51745,51748,51750],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51740,8200],{"class":153},[44,51742,157],{"class":58},[44,51744,63],{"class":62},[44,51746,51747],{"class":66},"The list is empty",[44,51749,63],{"class":62},[44,51751,162],{"class":58},[1960,51753,51755],{"id":51754},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51757,51759],{"className":37,"code":51758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51760,51761,51780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51762,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771,51773,51776,51778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51764,6283],{"class":50},[44,51766,55],{"class":54},[44,51768,8373],{"class":153},[44,51770,157],{"class":58},[44,51772,63],{"class":62},[44,51774,51775],{"class":66},"Enter a word: ",[44,51777,63],{"class":62},[44,51779,162],{"class":58},[44,51781,51782,51784,51786,51788,51791,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51783,154],{"class":153},[44,51785,157],{"class":58},[44,51787,63],{"class":62},[44,51789,51790],{"class":66},"Number of characters:",[44,51792,63],{"class":62},[44,51794,83],{"class":58},[44,51796,38311],{"class":153},[44,51798,157],{"class":58},[44,51800,38316],{"class":111},[44,51802,1869],{"class":58},[1960,51804,51806],{"id":51805},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51808,51810],{"className":37,"code":51809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51811,51812,51826,51830,51848,51863,51869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51813,51814,51817,51819,51821,51824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51815,51816],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51818,55],{"class":54},[44,51820,75],{"class":62},[44,51822,51823],{"class":66},"secret123",[44,51825,3479],{"class":62},[44,51827,51828],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51829,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,51831,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840,51842,51844,51846],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,51833,7128],{"class":4002},[44,51835,38311],{"class":153},[44,51837,157],{"class":58},[44,51839,17700],{"class":111},[44,51841,3786],{"class":58},[44,51843,51219],{"class":54},[44,51845,6489],{"class":95},[44,51847,6523],{"class":58},[44,51849,51850,51852,51854,51856,51859,51861],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,51851,8200],{"class":153},[44,51853,157],{"class":58},[44,51855,63],{"class":62},[44,51857,51858],{"class":66},"Password length is valid",[44,51860,63],{"class":62},[44,51862,162],{"class":58},[44,51864,51865,51867],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,51866,27502],{"class":4002},[44,51868,6523],{"class":58},[44,51870,51871,51873,51875,51877,51880,51882],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,51872,8200],{"class":153},[44,51874,157],{"class":58},[44,51876,63],{"class":62},[44,51878,51879],{"class":66},"Password is too short",[44,51881,63],{"class":62},[44,51883,162],{"class":58},[1960,51885,51887],{"id":51886},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51889,51891],{"className":37,"code":51890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51892,51893,51929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51894,51895,51898,51900,51902,51904,51907,51909,51911,51913,51916,51918,51920,51922,51925,51927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51896,51897],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51899,55],{"class":54},[44,51901,3746],{"class":58},[44,51903,63],{"class":62},[44,51905,51906],{"class":66},"item1",[44,51908,63],{"class":62},[44,51910,83],{"class":58},[44,51912,75],{"class":62},[44,51914,51915],{"class":66},"item2",[44,51917,63],{"class":62},[44,51919,83],{"class":58},[44,51921,75],{"class":62},[44,51923,51924],{"class":66},"item3",[44,51926,63],{"class":62},[44,51928,3759],{"class":58},[44,51930,51931,51933,51935,51937,51940,51942,51944,51946,51948,51951],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,51932,154],{"class":153},[44,51934,157],{"class":58},[44,51936,63],{"class":62},[44,51938,51939],{"class":66},"Items found:",[44,51941,63],{"class":62},[44,51943,83],{"class":58},[44,51945,38311],{"class":153},[44,51947,157],{"class":58},[44,51949,51950],{"class":111},"results",[44,51952,1869],{"class":58},[20,51954,51955],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,51957,51959],{"id":51958},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51961,51962,51964],{},[15,51963,42288],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51966,51967,51968,72],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51969,3125],{},[192,51971,51972,51975,51978],{},[195,51973,51974],{},"plain integers",[195,51976,51977],{},"floats",[195,51979,51980],{},[15,51981,217],{},[20,51983,223],{},[35,51985,51987],{"className":37,"code":51986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51988,51989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51990,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999,52001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51992,154],{"class":153},[44,51994,157],{"class":58},[44,51996,11271],{"class":153},[44,51998,157],{"class":58},[44,52000,2254],{"class":95},[44,52002,1869],{"class":58},[20,52004,52005,52006,52008],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52007,2254],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52010,52011],{},"Another example:",[35,52013,52015],{"className":37,"code":52014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52016,52017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52020,154],{"class":153},[44,52022,157],{"class":58},[44,52024,11271],{"class":153},[44,52026,157],{"class":58},[44,52028,40069],{"class":95},[44,52030,1869],{"class":58},[20,52032,52033,52034,72],{},"And with ",[15,52035,217],{},[35,52037,52039],{"className":37,"code":52038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52040,52041,52049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52042,52043,52045,52047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52044,2564],{"class":50},[44,52046,55],{"class":54},[44,52048,48457],{"class":1400},[44,52050,52051,52053,52055,52057,52059,52061],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52052,154],{"class":153},[44,52054,157],{"class":58},[44,52056,11271],{"class":153},[44,52058,157],{"class":58},[44,52060,2590],{"class":111},[44,52062,1869],{"class":58},[20,52064,52065,52066,108],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[395,52067,52069],{"href":52068},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,52071,52073],{"id":52072},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52075,52076,52077,52079],{},"Before using ",[15,52078,42288],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52081,52082],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,52084,52086],{"className":37,"code":52085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52087,52088,52096,52100,52110,52124,52142,52160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52089,52090,52092,52094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52091,2564],{"class":50},[44,52093,55],{"class":54},[44,52095,48457],{"class":1400},[44,52097,52098],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52099,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,52101,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,52103,154],{"class":153},[44,52105,157],{"class":58},[44,52107,2590],{"class":111},[44,52109,162],{"class":58},[44,52111,52112,52114,52116,52118,52120,52122],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,52113,154],{"class":153},[44,52115,157],{"class":58},[44,52117,1862],{"class":1861},[44,52119,157],{"class":58},[44,52121,2590],{"class":111},[44,52123,1869],{"class":58},[44,52125,52126,52128,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,52127,154],{"class":153},[44,52129,157],{"class":58},[44,52131,48805],{"class":153},[44,52133,157],{"class":58},[44,52135,2590],{"class":111},[44,52137,83],{"class":58},[44,52139,48834],{"class":1861},[44,52141,1869],{"class":58},[44,52143,52144,52146,52148,52150,52152,52154,52156,52158],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,52145,154],{"class":153},[44,52147,157],{"class":58},[44,52149,48805],{"class":153},[44,52151,157],{"class":58},[44,52153,2590],{"class":111},[44,52155,83],{"class":58},[44,52157,22630],{"class":1861},[44,52159,1869],{"class":58},[44,52161,52162,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,52163,154],{"class":153},[44,52165,157],{"class":58},[44,52167,48805],{"class":153},[44,52169,157],{"class":58},[44,52171,2590],{"class":111},[44,52173,83],{"class":58},[44,52175,9299],{"class":1861},[44,52177,1869],{"class":58},[20,52179,52180],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52182,52183],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,52185,52187],{"className":37,"code":52186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52188,52189,52201,52205,52219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52190,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52192,2564],{"class":50},[44,52194,55],{"class":54},[44,52196,75],{"class":62},[44,52198,3971],{"class":66},[44,52200,3479],{"class":62},[44,52202,52203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52204,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,52206,52207,52209,52211,52213,52215,52217],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,52208,7128],{"class":4002},[44,52210,21655],{"class":50},[44,52212,12295],{"class":54},[44,52214,8230],{"class":54},[44,52216,3978],{"class":1400},[44,52218,6523],{"class":58},[44,52220,52221,52223,52225,52227,52229,52231],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,52222,8200],{"class":153},[44,52224,157],{"class":58},[44,52226,11271],{"class":153},[44,52228,157],{"class":58},[44,52230,2590],{"class":111},[44,52232,1869],{"class":58},[20,52234,52235,52236,108],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[395,52237,8573],{"href":2416},[30,52239,1803],{"id":1802},[20,52241,23165,52242,72],{},[15,52243,42288],{},[192,52245,52246,52254,52262,52270,52276],{},[195,52247,567,52248,52250,52251],{},[15,52249,42288],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52252,52253],{},"len(5)",[195,52255,567,52256,52258,52259],{},[15,52257,42288],{}," on a float like ",[15,52260,52261],{},"len(3.14)",[195,52263,567,52264,52266,52267,52269],{},[15,52265,42288],{}," on ",[15,52268,217],{}," after a function returns nothing",[195,52271,4710,52272,52275],{},[15,52273,52274],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[195,52277,52278],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52280,52281],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,52283,52285],{"className":37,"code":52284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52286,52287,52323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52288,52289,52291,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52290,51],{"class":50},[44,52292,55],{"class":54},[44,52294,59],{"class":58},[44,52296,63],{"class":62},[44,52298,67],{"class":66},[44,52300,63],{"class":62},[44,52302,72],{"class":58},[44,52304,75],{"class":62},[44,52306,78],{"class":66},[44,52308,63],{"class":62},[44,52310,83],{"class":58},[44,52312,75],{"class":62},[44,52314,88],{"class":66},[44,52316,63],{"class":62},[44,52318,72],{"class":58},[44,52320,96],{"class":95},[44,52322,99],{"class":58},[44,52324,52325,52327,52329,52331,52333,52335,52337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52326,154],{"class":153},[44,52328,157],{"class":58},[44,52330,11271],{"class":153},[44,52332,157],{"class":58},[44,52334,105],{"class":111},[44,52336,5491],{"class":58},[44,52338,51346],{"class":168},[20,52340,37519,52341,52343,52344,4523,52346,108],{},[15,52342,2173],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52345,15325],{},[15,52347,52348],{},"\"age\"",[20,52350,52351],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52353,52355],{"className":37,"code":52354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52356,52357,52370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52358,52359,52361,52363,52365,52368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52360,34608],{"class":50},[44,52362,55],{"class":54},[44,52364,75],{"class":62},[44,52366,52367],{"class":66},"a b",[44,52369,3479],{"class":62},[44,52371,52372,52374,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52373,154],{"class":153},[44,52375,157],{"class":58},[44,52377,11271],{"class":153},[44,52379,157],{"class":58},[44,52381,34629],{"class":111},[44,52383,5491],{"class":58},[44,52385,50701],{"class":168},[20,52387,52388],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52390,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,52392,52394],{"id":52393},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52396,52397],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1960,52399,52401],{"id":52400},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52403,52404],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1960,52406,52408],{"id":52407},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52410,52411],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1960,52413,52415],{"id":52414},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52417,52418,52419,52421,52422,2997,52424,52426,52427,108],{},"No. Using ",[15,52420,42288],{}," on an ",[15,52423,2306],{},[15,52425,2310],{}," raises a ",[15,52428,3125],{},[1960,52430,52432],{"id":52431},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52434,7893,52435,108],{},[15,52436,52437],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52439,223],{},[35,52441,52443],{"className":37,"code":52442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52444,52445,52453,52457,52475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52446,52447,52449,52451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52448,8439],{"class":50},[44,52450,55],{"class":54},[44,52452,7969],{"class":58},[44,52454,52455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52456,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,52458,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,52460,7128],{"class":4002},[44,52462,38311],{"class":153},[44,52464,157],{"class":58},[44,52466,8470],{"class":111},[44,52468,3786],{"class":58},[44,52470,6538],{"class":54},[44,52472,3959],{"class":95},[44,52474,6523],{"class":58},[44,52476,52477,52479,52481,52483,52486,52488],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,52478,8200],{"class":153},[44,52480,157],{"class":58},[44,52482,63],{"class":62},[44,52484,52485],{"class":66},"Empty list",[44,52487,63],{"class":62},[44,52489,162],{"class":58},[20,52491,52492,52493,52495,52496,52498,52499,52501],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52494,3799],{}," in an ",[15,52497,7128],{}," statement, but ",[15,52500,42288],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52503,2020],{"id":2019},[192,52505,52506,52510,52514,52518,52523,52527,52533],{},[195,52507,52508],{},[395,52509,50907],{"href":50906},[195,52511,52512],{},[395,52513,50911],{"href":50910},[195,52515,52516],{},[395,52517,9285],{"href":9284},[195,52519,52520],{},[395,52521,52522],{"href":51477},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[195,52524,52525],{},[395,52526,8573],{"href":2416},[195,52528,52529],{},[395,52530,52532],{"href":52531},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[195,52534,52535],{},[395,52536,52537],{"href":52068},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2048,52539,52540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":52542},[52543,52544,52545,52546,52547,52548,52549,52555,52556,52557,52558,52565],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":50709,"depth":102,"text":50710},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":51054,"depth":102,"text":51055},{"id":51241,"depth":102,"text":51242},{"id":51481,"depth":102,"text":51482},{"id":40971,"depth":102,"text":40972,"children":52550},[52551,52552,52553,52554],{"id":51700,"depth":150,"text":51701},{"id":51754,"depth":150,"text":51755},{"id":51805,"depth":150,"text":51806},{"id":51886,"depth":150,"text":51887},{"id":51958,"depth":102,"text":51959},{"id":52072,"depth":102,"text":52073},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":52559},[52560,52561,52562,52563,52564],{"id":52393,"depth":150,"text":52394},{"id":52400,"depth":150,"text":52401},{"id":52407,"depth":150,"text":52408},{"id":52414,"depth":150,"text":52415},{"id":52431,"depth":150,"text":52432},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50592,"description":52566},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52573,"title":52574,"body":52575,"description":54260,"extension":2080,"meta":54261,"navigation":682,"path":54262,"seo":54263,"stem":54264,"__hash__":54265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52576,"toc":54233},[52577,52580,52594,52600,52602,52656,52661,52665,52681,52684,52698,52704,52706,52709,52728,52744,52746,52822,52824,52861,52872,52874,52877,52938,52940,52973,52976,52982,52986,52989,53114,53116,53175,53183,53236,53238,53265,53271,53281,53285,53288,53293,53345,53347,53373,53379,53433,53435,53460,53463,53487,53493,53495,53499,53501,53558,53560,53568,53570,53592,53594,53647,53649,53673,53677,53679,53718,53720,53728,53734,53738,53790,53792,53818,53826,53830,53835,53844,53846,53912,53914,53946,53950,53955,53957,53971,53974,54047,54049,54075,54077,54081,54088,54092,54099,54103,54106,54108,54161,54163,54189,54193,54202,54204,54230],[10,52578,52574],{"id":52579},"python-list-append-method",[20,52581,22,52582,52585,52586,52589,52590,52593],{},[15,52583,52584],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3868,52587,52588],{},"one item"," to the ",[3868,52591,52592],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52595,52596,52597,52599],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3868,52598,4762],{}," create a new list.",[30,52601,3731],{"id":3730},[35,52603,52605],{"className":37,"code":52604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52606,52607,52627,52641,52651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52608,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52610,3741],{"class":50},[44,52612,55],{"class":54},[44,52614,3746],{"class":58},[44,52616,3108],{"class":95},[44,52618,83],{"class":58},[44,52620,1012],{"class":95},[44,52622,83],{"class":58},[44,52624,1017],{"class":95},[44,52626,3759],{"class":58},[44,52628,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52630,3773],{"class":50},[44,52632,108],{"class":58},[44,52634,13646],{"class":111},[44,52636,157],{"class":58},[44,52638,2623],{"class":95},[44,52640,162],{"class":58},[44,52642,52643,52645,52647,52649],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,52644,154],{"class":153},[44,52646,157],{"class":58},[44,52648,3773],{"class":111},[44,52650,162],{"class":58},[44,52652,52653],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,52654,52655],{"class":168},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52657,172,52658,52660],{},[15,52659,52584],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52662,52664],{"id":52663},"what-append-does","What append() does",[192,52666,52667,52672,52675,52678],{},[195,52668,52669,52671],{},[15,52670,52584],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[195,52673,52674],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[195,52676,52677],{},"It does not create a new list",[195,52679,52680],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52682,52683],{},"This means you can append:",[192,52685,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694,52696],{},[195,52687,3773],{},[195,52689,5438],{},[195,52691,40520],{},[195,52693,5429],{},[195,52695,7382],{},[195,52697,34582],{},[20,52699,52700,52701,108],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[395,52702,52703],{"href":50910},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,52705,5561],{"id":5560},[20,52707,52708],{},"Basic form:",[35,52710,52712],{"className":37,"code":52711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52713,52714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52715,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52717,8470],{"class":50},[44,52719,108],{"class":58},[44,52721,13646],{"class":111},[44,52723,157],{"class":58},[44,52725,23381],{"class":111},[44,52727,162],{"class":58},[192,52729,52730,52735,52740],{},[195,52731,52732,52734],{},[15,52733,8470],{}," is the list you want to change",[195,52736,52737,52739],{},[15,52738,23381],{}," is the value or object to add",[195,52741,12015,52742],{},[15,52743,217],{},[20,52745,223],{},[35,52747,52749],{"className":37,"code":52748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52750,52751,52775,52798,52802,52812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52752,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52754,36162],{"class":50},[44,52756,55],{"class":54},[44,52758,3746],{"class":58},[44,52760,63],{"class":62},[44,52762,4207],{"class":66},[44,52764,63],{"class":62},[44,52766,83],{"class":58},[44,52768,75],{"class":62},[44,52770,4216],{"class":66},[44,52772,63],{"class":62},[44,52774,3759],{"class":58},[44,52776,52777,52779,52781,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52778,1340],{"class":50},[44,52780,55],{"class":54},[44,52782,52783],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52785,108],{"class":58},[44,52787,13646],{"class":111},[44,52789,157],{"class":58},[44,52791,63],{"class":62},[44,52793,33140],{"class":66},[44,52795,63],{"class":62},[44,52797,162],{"class":58},[44,52799,52800],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,52801,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,52803,52804,52806,52808,52810],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,52805,154],{"class":153},[44,52807,157],{"class":58},[44,52809,36214],{"class":111},[44,52811,162],{"class":58},[44,52813,52814,52816,52818,52820],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,52815,154],{"class":153},[44,52817,157],{"class":58},[44,52819,1376],{"class":111},[44,52821,162],{"class":58},[20,52823,330],{},[35,52825,52827],{"className":37,"code":52826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52828,52829,52857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52830,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52832,4027],{"class":58},[44,52834,343],{"class":62},[44,52836,4207],{"class":66},[44,52838,343],{"class":62},[44,52840,83],{"class":58},[44,52842,352],{"class":62},[44,52844,4216],{"class":66},[44,52846,343],{"class":62},[44,52848,83],{"class":58},[44,52850,352],{"class":62},[44,52852,33140],{"class":66},[44,52854,343],{"class":62},[44,52856,3759],{"class":58},[44,52858,52859],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52860,1401],{"class":1400},[20,52862,52863,52864,52866,52867,52869,52870,108],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52865,52584],{}," updates ",[15,52868,36214],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52871,217],{},[30,52873,11581],{"id":11580},[20,52875,52876],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52878,52880],{"className":37,"code":52879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52881,52882,52906,52924,52928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52883,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52885,13172],{"class":50},[44,52887,55],{"class":54},[44,52889,3746],{"class":58},[44,52891,63],{"class":62},[44,52893,13189],{"class":66},[44,52895,63],{"class":62},[44,52897,83],{"class":58},[44,52899,75],{"class":62},[44,52901,13206],{"class":66},[44,52903,63],{"class":62},[44,52905,3759],{"class":58},[44,52907,52908,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,52909,17581],{"class":50},[44,52911,108],{"class":58},[44,52913,13646],{"class":111},[44,52915,157],{"class":58},[44,52917,63],{"class":62},[44,52919,17534],{"class":66},[44,52921,63],{"class":62},[44,52923,162],{"class":58},[44,52925,52926],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,52927,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,52929,52930,52932,52934,52936],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,52931,154],{"class":153},[44,52933,157],{"class":58},[44,52935,17581],{"class":111},[44,52937,162],{"class":58},[20,52939,330],{},[35,52941,52943],{"className":37,"code":52942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52944,52945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52946,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52948,4027],{"class":58},[44,52950,343],{"class":62},[44,52952,13189],{"class":66},[44,52954,343],{"class":62},[44,52956,83],{"class":58},[44,52958,352],{"class":62},[44,52960,13206],{"class":66},[44,52962,343],{"class":62},[44,52964,83],{"class":58},[44,52966,352],{"class":62},[44,52968,17534],{"class":66},[44,52970,343],{"class":62},[44,52972,3759],{"class":58},[20,52974,52975],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52977,783,52978,108],{},[395,52979,52981],{"href":52980},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,52983,52985],{"id":52984},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52987,52988],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,52990,52992],{"className":37,"code":52991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52993,52994,53002,53006,53020,53038,53052,53078,53100,53104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52995,52996,52998,53000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52997,7910],{"class":50},[44,52999,55],{"class":54},[44,53001,7969],{"class":58},[44,53003,53004],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53005,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53007,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016,53018],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53009,7940],{"class":50},[44,53011,108],{"class":58},[44,53013,13646],{"class":111},[44,53015,157],{"class":58},[44,53017,2448],{"class":95},[44,53019,162],{"class":58},[44,53021,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53023,7940],{"class":50},[44,53025,108],{"class":58},[44,53027,13646],{"class":111},[44,53029,157],{"class":58},[44,53031,63],{"class":62},[44,53033,3971],{"class":66},[44,53035,63],{"class":62},[44,53037,162],{"class":58},[44,53039,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,53041,7940],{"class":50},[44,53043,108],{"class":58},[44,53045,13646],{"class":111},[44,53047,157],{"class":58},[44,53049,3726],{"class":1400},[44,53051,162],{"class":58},[44,53053,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,53055,7940],{"class":50},[44,53057,108],{"class":58},[44,53059,13646],{"class":111},[44,53061,115],{"class":58},[44,53063,63],{"class":62},[44,53065,67],{"class":66},[44,53067,63],{"class":62},[44,53069,72],{"class":58},[44,53071,75],{"class":62},[44,53073,470],{"class":66},[44,53075,63],{"class":62},[44,53077,147],{"class":58},[44,53079,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,53081,7940],{"class":50},[44,53083,108],{"class":58},[44,53085,13646],{"class":111},[44,53087,3105],{"class":58},[44,53089,3108],{"class":95},[44,53091,83],{"class":58},[44,53093,1012],{"class":95},[44,53095,83],{"class":58},[44,53097,1017],{"class":95},[44,53099,4015],{"class":58},[44,53101,53102],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,53103,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,53107,154],{"class":153},[44,53109,157],{"class":58},[44,53111,7940],{"class":111},[44,53113,162],{"class":58},[20,53115,330],{},[35,53117,53119],{"className":37,"code":53118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53120,53121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53122,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170,53172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53124,4027],{"class":58},[44,53126,2448],{"class":95},[44,53128,83],{"class":58},[44,53130,352],{"class":62},[44,53132,3971],{"class":66},[44,53134,343],{"class":62},[44,53136,83],{"class":58},[44,53138,4043],{"class":1400},[44,53140,83],{"class":58},[44,53142,59],{"class":58},[44,53144,343],{"class":62},[44,53146,67],{"class":66},[44,53148,343],{"class":62},[44,53150,72],{"class":58},[44,53152,352],{"class":62},[44,53154,470],{"class":66},[44,53156,343],{"class":62},[44,53158,53159],{"class":58},"},",[44,53161,3746],{"class":58},[44,53163,3108],{"class":95},[44,53165,83],{"class":58},[44,53167,1012],{"class":95},[44,53169,83],{"class":58},[44,53171,1017],{"class":95},[44,53173,53174],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,53176,53177,53178,42082,53180,108],{},"A list added with ",[15,53179,52584],{},[3868,53181,53182],{},"one single item",[35,53184,53186],{"className":37,"code":53185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53187,53188,53204,53222,53226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53191,3741],{"class":50},[44,53193,55],{"class":54},[44,53195,3746],{"class":58},[44,53197,3108],{"class":95},[44,53199,83],{"class":58},[44,53201,1012],{"class":95},[44,53203,3759],{"class":58},[44,53205,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53207,3773],{"class":50},[44,53209,108],{"class":58},[44,53211,13646],{"class":111},[44,53213,3105],{"class":58},[44,53215,2179],{"class":95},[44,53217,83],{"class":58},[44,53219,2574],{"class":95},[44,53221,4015],{"class":58},[44,53223,53224],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53225,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53227,53228,53230,53232,53234],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53229,154],{"class":153},[44,53231,157],{"class":58},[44,53233,3773],{"class":111},[44,53235,162],{"class":58},[20,53237,330],{},[35,53239,53241],{"className":37,"code":53240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53242,53243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53244,53245,53247,53249,53251,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53246,4027],{"class":58},[44,53248,3108],{"class":95},[44,53250,83],{"class":58},[44,53252,1012],{"class":95},[44,53254,83],{"class":58},[44,53256,3746],{"class":58},[44,53258,2179],{"class":95},[44,53260,83],{"class":58},[44,53262,2574],{"class":95},[44,53264,53174],{"class":58},[20,53266,2403,53267,53270],{},[15,53268,53269],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53272,53273,53274,53280],{},"This is different from ",[395,53275,53277],{"href":53276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53278,53279],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,53282,53284],{"id":53283},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53286,53287],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1960,53289,567,53291],{"id":53290},"using-append",[15,53292,52584],{},[35,53294,53295],{"className":37,"code":53185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53296,53297,53313,53331,53335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53298,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53309,53311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53300,3741],{"class":50},[44,53302,55],{"class":54},[44,53304,3746],{"class":58},[44,53306,3108],{"class":95},[44,53308,83],{"class":58},[44,53310,1012],{"class":95},[44,53312,3759],{"class":58},[44,53314,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53316,3773],{"class":50},[44,53318,108],{"class":58},[44,53320,13646],{"class":111},[44,53322,3105],{"class":58},[44,53324,2179],{"class":95},[44,53326,83],{"class":58},[44,53328,2574],{"class":95},[44,53330,4015],{"class":58},[44,53332,53333],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53334,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53336,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53338,154],{"class":153},[44,53340,157],{"class":58},[44,53342,3773],{"class":111},[44,53344,162],{"class":58},[20,53346,330],{},[35,53348,53349],{"className":37,"code":53240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53350,53351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53352,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53354,4027],{"class":58},[44,53356,3108],{"class":95},[44,53358,83],{"class":58},[44,53360,1012],{"class":95},[44,53362,83],{"class":58},[44,53364,3746],{"class":58},[44,53366,2179],{"class":95},[44,53368,83],{"class":58},[44,53370,2574],{"class":95},[44,53372,53174],{"class":58},[1960,53374,567,53376],{"id":53375},"using-extend",[15,53377,53378],{},"extend()",[35,53380,53382],{"className":37,"code":53381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53383,53384,53400,53419,53423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53385,53386,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53387,3741],{"class":50},[44,53389,55],{"class":54},[44,53391,3746],{"class":58},[44,53393,3108],{"class":95},[44,53395,83],{"class":58},[44,53397,1012],{"class":95},[44,53399,3759],{"class":58},[44,53401,53402,53404,53406,53409,53411,53413,53415,53417],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53403,3773],{"class":50},[44,53405,108],{"class":58},[44,53407,53408],{"class":111},"extend",[44,53410,3105],{"class":58},[44,53412,2179],{"class":95},[44,53414,83],{"class":58},[44,53416,2574],{"class":95},[44,53418,4015],{"class":58},[44,53420,53421],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53422,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53424,53425,53427,53429,53431],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53426,154],{"class":153},[44,53428,157],{"class":58},[44,53430,3773],{"class":111},[44,53432,162],{"class":58},[20,53434,330],{},[35,53436,53438],{"className":37,"code":53437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53439,53440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53441,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53443,4027],{"class":58},[44,53445,3108],{"class":95},[44,53447,83],{"class":58},[44,53449,1012],{"class":95},[44,53451,83],{"class":58},[44,53453,1017],{"class":95},[44,53455,83],{"class":58},[44,53457,2574],{"class":95},[44,53459,3759],{"class":58},[20,53461,53462],{},"The difference:",[192,53464,53465,53471,53477,53482],{},[195,53466,53467,53470],{},[15,53468,53469],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[195,53472,53473,53476],{},[15,53474,53475],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[195,53478,172,53479,53481],{},[15,53480,52584],{}," for one item",[195,53483,172,53484,53486],{},[15,53485,53378],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53488,53489,53490,108],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[395,53491,53492],{"href":53276},"Python list extend() method",[30,53494,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,53496,53498],{"id":53497},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53500,25759],{},[35,53502,53504],{"className":37,"code":53503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53505,53506,53526,53544,53548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53507,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53509,7910],{"class":50},[44,53511,55],{"class":54},[44,53513,3746],{"class":58},[44,53515,3108],{"class":95},[44,53517,83],{"class":58},[44,53519,1012],{"class":95},[44,53521,83],{"class":58},[44,53523,1017],{"class":95},[44,53525,3759],{"class":58},[44,53527,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53529,7910],{"class":50},[44,53531,55],{"class":54},[44,53533,6095],{"class":50},[44,53535,108],{"class":58},[44,53537,13646],{"class":111},[44,53539,157],{"class":58},[44,53541,2623],{"class":95},[44,53543,162],{"class":58},[44,53545,53546],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53547,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53549,53550,53552,53554,53556],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53551,154],{"class":153},[44,53553,157],{"class":58},[44,53555,7940],{"class":111},[44,53557,162],{"class":58},[20,53559,330],{},[35,53561,53562],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53563,53564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53565,53566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53567,1401],{"class":1400},[20,53569,12004],{},[192,53571,53572,53577,53583],{},[195,53573,53574,53576],{},[15,53575,52584],{}," changes the list in place",[195,53578,53579,1298,53581],{},[15,53580,52584],{},[15,53582,217],{},[195,53584,53585,53586,53589,53590],{},"So ",[15,53587,53588],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53591,217],{},[20,53593,10918],{},[35,53595,53597],{"className":37,"code":53596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53598,53599,53619,53633,53637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53600,53601,53603,53605,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615,53617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53602,7910],{"class":50},[44,53604,55],{"class":54},[44,53606,3746],{"class":58},[44,53608,3108],{"class":95},[44,53610,83],{"class":58},[44,53612,1012],{"class":95},[44,53614,83],{"class":58},[44,53616,1017],{"class":95},[44,53618,3759],{"class":58},[44,53620,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53622,7940],{"class":50},[44,53624,108],{"class":58},[44,53626,13646],{"class":111},[44,53628,157],{"class":58},[44,53630,2623],{"class":95},[44,53632,162],{"class":58},[44,53634,53635],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53636,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53638,53639,53641,53643,53645],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53640,154],{"class":153},[44,53642,157],{"class":58},[44,53644,7940],{"class":111},[44,53646,162],{"class":58},[20,53648,330],{},[35,53650,53651],{"className":37,"code":53437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53652,53653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53654,53655,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53656,4027],{"class":58},[44,53658,3108],{"class":95},[44,53660,83],{"class":58},[44,53662,1012],{"class":95},[44,53664,83],{"class":58},[44,53666,1017],{"class":95},[44,53668,83],{"class":58},[44,53670,2574],{"class":95},[44,53672,3759],{"class":58},[1960,53674,53676],{"id":53675},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53678,18990],{},[35,53680,53682],{"className":37,"code":53681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53683,53684,53708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53685,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704,53706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53687,1622],{"class":50},[44,53689,55],{"class":54},[44,53691,3746],{"class":58},[44,53693,3108],{"class":95},[44,53695,83],{"class":58},[44,53697,1012],{"class":95},[44,53699,13643],{"class":58},[44,53701,13646],{"class":111},[44,53703,157],{"class":58},[44,53705,2179],{"class":95},[44,53707,162],{"class":58},[44,53709,53710,53712,53714,53716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53711,154],{"class":153},[44,53713,157],{"class":58},[44,53715,1644],{"class":111},[44,53717,162],{"class":58},[20,53719,330],{},[35,53721,53722],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53723,53724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53725,53726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53727,1401],{"class":1400},[20,53729,53730,53731,53733],{},"Remember: ",[15,53732,52584],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1960,53735,53737],{"id":53736},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53739,53740],{"className":37,"code":53185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53741,53742,53758,53776,53780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53743,53744,53746,53748,53750,53752,53754,53756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53745,3741],{"class":50},[44,53747,55],{"class":54},[44,53749,3746],{"class":58},[44,53751,3108],{"class":95},[44,53753,83],{"class":58},[44,53755,1012],{"class":95},[44,53757,3759],{"class":58},[44,53759,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53761,3773],{"class":50},[44,53763,108],{"class":58},[44,53765,13646],{"class":111},[44,53767,3105],{"class":58},[44,53769,2179],{"class":95},[44,53771,83],{"class":58},[44,53773,2574],{"class":95},[44,53775,4015],{"class":58},[44,53777,53778],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53779,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53781,53782,53784,53786,53788],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53783,154],{"class":153},[44,53785,157],{"class":58},[44,53787,3773],{"class":111},[44,53789,162],{"class":58},[20,53791,330],{},[35,53793,53794],{"className":37,"code":53240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53795,53796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53797,53798,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53799,4027],{"class":58},[44,53801,3108],{"class":95},[44,53803,83],{"class":58},[44,53805,1012],{"class":95},[44,53807,83],{"class":58},[44,53809,3746],{"class":58},[44,53811,2179],{"class":95},[44,53813,83],{"class":58},[44,53815,2574],{"class":95},[44,53817,53174],{"class":58},[20,53819,3290,53820,53823,53824,6761],{},[15,53821,53822],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53825,53378],{},[1960,53827,53829],{"id":53828},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53831,53832,53834],{},[15,53833,52584],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53836,53837,53838,108],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[395,53839,53841],{"href":53840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53842,53843],{},"list.insert()",[20,53845,223],{},[35,53847,53849],{"className":37,"code":53848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53850,53851,53875,53898,53902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53852,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869,53871,53873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53854,36013],{"class":50},[44,53856,55],{"class":54},[44,53858,3746],{"class":58},[44,53860,63],{"class":62},[44,53862,395],{"class":66},[44,53864,63],{"class":62},[44,53866,83],{"class":58},[44,53868,75],{"class":62},[44,53870,9855],{"class":66},[44,53872,63],{"class":62},[44,53874,3759],{"class":58},[44,53876,53877,53879,53881,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53878,36066],{"class":50},[44,53880,108],{"class":58},[44,53882,53883],{"class":111},"insert",[44,53885,157],{"class":58},[44,53887,3108],{"class":95},[44,53889,83],{"class":58},[44,53891,75],{"class":62},[44,53893,1005],{"class":66},[44,53895,63],{"class":62},[44,53897,162],{"class":58},[44,53899,53900],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53901,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53903,53904,53906,53908,53910],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,53905,154],{"class":153},[44,53907,157],{"class":58},[44,53909,36066],{"class":111},[44,53911,162],{"class":58},[20,53913,330],{},[35,53915,53916],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53917,53918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53919,53920,53922,53924,53926,53928,53930,53932,53934,53936,53938,53940,53942,53944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53921,4027],{"class":58},[44,53923,343],{"class":62},[44,53925,395],{"class":66},[44,53927,343],{"class":62},[44,53929,83],{"class":58},[44,53931,352],{"class":62},[44,53933,1005],{"class":66},[44,53935,343],{"class":62},[44,53937,83],{"class":58},[44,53939,352],{"class":62},[44,53941,9855],{"class":66},[44,53943,343],{"class":62},[44,53945,3759],{"class":58},[30,53947,53949],{"id":53948},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53951,53952,53954],{},[15,53953,52584],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53956,36349],{},[192,53958,53959,53962,53965,53968],{},[195,53960,53961],{},"building a list in a loop",[195,53963,53964],{},"collecting user input",[195,53966,53967],{},"storing results step by step",[195,53969,53970],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53972,53973],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53975,53977],{"className":37,"code":53976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53978,53979,53988,53992,54013,54032,54036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53980,53981,53984,53986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53982,53983],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53985,55],{"class":54},[44,53987,7969],{"class":58},[44,53989,53990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,53991,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,53993,53994,53996,53998,54000,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,53995,6087],{"class":4002},[44,53997,6516],{"class":50},[44,53999,4009],{"class":4002},[44,54001,54002],{"class":153}," range",[44,54004,157],{"class":58},[44,54006,3108],{"class":95},[44,54008,83],{"class":58},[44,54010,4736],{"class":95},[44,54012,8473],{"class":58},[44,54014,54015,54018,54020,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54016,54017],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,54019,108],{"class":58},[44,54021,13646],{"class":111},[44,54023,157],{"class":58},[44,54025,2335],{"class":111},[44,54027,39798],{"class":54},[44,54029,2315],{"class":111},[44,54031,162],{"class":58},[44,54033,54034],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,54035,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54037,54038,54040,54042,54045],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,54039,154],{"class":153},[44,54041,157],{"class":58},[44,54043,54044],{"class":111},"squares",[44,54046,162],{"class":58},[20,54048,330],{},[35,54050,54052],{"className":37,"code":54051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54053,54054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54055,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066,54069,54071,54073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54057,4027],{"class":58},[44,54059,3108],{"class":95},[44,54061,83],{"class":58},[44,54063,2574],{"class":95},[44,54065,83],{"class":58},[44,54067,54068],{"class":95}," 9",[44,54070,83],{"class":58},[44,54072,14076],{"class":95},[44,54074,3759],{"class":58},[30,54076,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,54078,54080],{"id":54079},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54082,46294,54083,54085,54086,108],{},[15,54084,52584],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54087,217],{},[1960,54089,54091],{"id":54090},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54093,54094,54095,108],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[395,54096,54097],{"href":53276},[15,54098,53378],{},[1960,54100,54102],{"id":54101},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54104,54105],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54107,223],{},[35,54109,54111],{"className":37,"code":54110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54112,54113,54129,54147,54151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54114,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125,54127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54116,489],{"class":50},[44,54118,55],{"class":54},[44,54120,3746],{"class":58},[44,54122,3108],{"class":95},[44,54124,83],{"class":58},[44,54126,1012],{"class":95},[44,54128,3759],{"class":58},[44,54130,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54132,511],{"class":50},[44,54134,108],{"class":58},[44,54136,13646],{"class":111},[44,54138,3105],{"class":58},[44,54140,2179],{"class":95},[44,54142,83],{"class":58},[44,54144,2574],{"class":95},[44,54146,4015],{"class":58},[44,54148,54149],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54150,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54152,54153,54155,54157,54159],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54154,154],{"class":153},[44,54156,157],{"class":58},[44,54158,511],{"class":111},[44,54160,162],{"class":58},[20,54162,330],{},[35,54164,54165],{"className":37,"code":53240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54166,54167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54168,54169,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183,54185,54187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54170,4027],{"class":58},[44,54172,3108],{"class":95},[44,54174,83],{"class":58},[44,54176,1012],{"class":95},[44,54178,83],{"class":58},[44,54180,3746],{"class":58},[44,54182,2179],{"class":95},[44,54184,83],{"class":58},[44,54186,2574],{"class":95},[44,54188,53174],{"class":58},[1960,54190,54192],{"id":54191},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54194,54195,54197,54198,54201],{},[15,54196,52584],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54199,54200],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,54203,2020],{"id":2019},[192,54205,54206,54211,54215,54220,54224],{},[195,54207,54208],{},[395,54209,54210],{"href":52980},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[195,54212,54213],{},[395,54214,53492],{"href":53276},[195,54216,54217],{},[395,54218,54219],{"href":53840},"Python list insert() method",[195,54221,54222],{},[395,54223,52703],{"href":50910},[195,54225,54226],{},[395,54227,54229],{"href":54228},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2048,54231,54232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":54234},[54235,54236,54237,54238,54239,54240,54246,54252,54253,54259],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":52663,"depth":102,"text":52664},{"id":5560,"depth":102,"text":5561},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":52984,"depth":102,"text":52985},{"id":53283,"depth":102,"text":53284,"children":54241},[54242,54244],{"id":53290,"depth":150,"text":54243},"Using append()",{"id":53375,"depth":150,"text":54245},"Using extend()",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":54247},[54248,54249,54250,54251],{"id":53497,"depth":150,"text":53498},{"id":53675,"depth":150,"text":53676},{"id":53736,"depth":150,"text":53737},{"id":53828,"depth":150,"text":53829},{"id":53948,"depth":102,"text":53949},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":54254},[54255,54256,54257,54258],{"id":54079,"depth":150,"text":54080},{"id":54090,"depth":150,"text":54091},{"id":54101,"depth":150,"text":54102},{"id":54191,"depth":150,"text":54192},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52574,"description":54260},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54267,"title":54268,"body":54269,"description":55513,"extension":2080,"meta":55514,"navigation":682,"path":55515,"seo":55516,"stem":55517,"__hash__":55518},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54270,"toc":55478},[54271,54277,54283,54289,54291,54339,54344,54349,54353,54369,54375,54377,54380,54395,54397,54408,54410,54412,54469,54471,54479,54481,54497,54503,54505,54511,54515,54599,54602,54651,54658,54666,54669,54683,54696,54702,54777,54784,54791,54865,54873,54876,54887,54896,54900,54904,54915,54917,54994,55015,55017,55027,55030,55078,55080,55101,55104,55106,55157,55163,55170,55237,55243,55249,55252,55279,55284,55290,55293,55365,55368,55379,55385,55387,55393,55396,55402,55408,55415,55423,55429,55435,55437,55475],[10,54272,54274,54275,18],{"id":54273},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54276,11428],{},[20,54278,54279,54282],{},[15,54280,54281],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54284,54285,54286,54288],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3868,54287,11440],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,54290,3731],{"id":3730},[35,54292,54294],{"className":37,"code":54293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54295,54296,54316,54326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54297,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54299,7910],{"class":50},[44,54301,55],{"class":54},[44,54303,3746],{"class":58},[44,54305,3108],{"class":95},[44,54307,83],{"class":58},[44,54309,1012],{"class":95},[44,54311,83],{"class":58},[44,54313,1017],{"class":95},[44,54315,3759],{"class":58},[44,54317,54318,54320,54322,54324],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54319,7940],{"class":50},[44,54321,108],{"class":58},[44,54323,11489],{"class":111},[44,54325,1635],{"class":58},[44,54327,54328,54330,54332,54334,54336],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54329,154],{"class":153},[44,54331,157],{"class":58},[44,54333,7940],{"class":111},[44,54335,3786],{"class":58},[44,54337,54338],{"class":168},"  # []\n",[20,54340,172,54341,54343],{},[15,54342,11428],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54345,179,54347,182],{"id":54346},"what-listclear-does",[15,54348,54281],{},[20,54350,54351,72],{},[15,54352,54281],{},[192,54354,54355,54358,54361,54366],{},[195,54356,54357],{},"Removes every item from a list",[195,54359,54360],{},"Changes the original list in place",[195,54362,54363,54364],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54365,3912],{},[195,54367,54368],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54370,54371,54372,54374],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54373,11428],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54376,402],{"id":401},[20,54378,54379],{},"Syntax:",[35,54381,54383],{"className":37,"code":54382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54384,54385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54386,54387,54389,54391,54393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54388,8470],{"class":50},[44,54390,108],{"class":58},[44,54392,11489],{"class":111},[44,54394,1635],{"class":58},[20,54396,11564],{},[192,54398,54399,54402,54405],{},[195,54400,54401],{},"Call it on a list object",[195,54403,54404],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[195,54406,54407],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54409,11581],{"id":11580},[20,54411,11584],{},[35,54413,54415],{"className":37,"code":54414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54416,54417,54441,54445,54455,54459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54418,54419,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54420,3741],{"class":50},[44,54422,55],{"class":54},[44,54424,3746],{"class":58},[44,54426,2448],{"class":95},[44,54428,83],{"class":58},[44,54430,96],{"class":95},[44,54432,83],{"class":58},[44,54434,7925],{"class":95},[44,54436,83],{"class":58},[44,54438,50774],{"class":95},[44,54440,3759],{"class":58},[44,54442,54443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54444,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54446,54447,54449,54451,54453],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54448,3773],{"class":50},[44,54450,108],{"class":58},[44,54452,11489],{"class":111},[44,54454,1635],{"class":58},[44,54456,54457],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54458,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54460,54461,54463,54465,54467],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,54462,154],{"class":153},[44,54464,157],{"class":58},[44,54466,3773],{"class":111},[44,54468,162],{"class":58},[20,54470,330],{},[35,54472,54473],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54474,54475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54476,54477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54478,38222],{"class":58},[20,54480,11788],{},[192,54482,54483,54488,54494],{},[195,54484,54485,54487],{},[15,54486,3773],{}," starts with four items",[195,54489,54490,54493],{},[15,54491,54492],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[195,54495,54496],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54498,54499,54500,108],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[395,54501,52703],{"href":54502},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54504,1293],{"id":1292},[20,54506,54507,1298,54509,108],{},[15,54508,11428],{},[15,54510,217],{},[20,54512,40832,54513,52599],{},[3868,54514,4762],{},[35,54516,54518],{"className":37,"code":54517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54519,54520,54552,54556,54570,54574,54587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54521,54522,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54523,7910],{"class":50},[44,54525,55],{"class":54},[44,54527,3746],{"class":58},[44,54529,63],{"class":62},[44,54531,395],{"class":66},[44,54533,63],{"class":62},[44,54535,83],{"class":58},[44,54537,75],{"class":62},[44,54539,1005],{"class":66},[44,54541,63],{"class":62},[44,54543,83],{"class":58},[44,54545,75],{"class":62},[44,54547,9855],{"class":66},[44,54549,63],{"class":62},[44,54551,3759],{"class":58},[44,54553,54554],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54555,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54557,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566,54568],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54559,1340],{"class":50},[44,54561,55],{"class":54},[44,54563,6095],{"class":50},[44,54565,108],{"class":58},[44,54567,11489],{"class":111},[44,54569,1635],{"class":58},[44,54571,54572],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54573,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54575,54576,54578,54580,54582,54584],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,54577,154],{"class":153},[44,54579,157],{"class":58},[44,54581,7940],{"class":111},[44,54583,3786],{"class":58},[44,54585,54586],{"class":168},"   # []\n",[44,54588,54589,54591,54593,54595,54597],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,54590,154],{"class":153},[44,54592,157],{"class":58},[44,54594,1376],{"class":111},[44,54596,3786],{"class":58},[44,54598,20948],{"class":168},[20,54600,54601],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54603,54605],{"className":37,"code":54604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54606,54607,54627,54641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623,54625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54610,7910],{"class":50},[44,54612,55],{"class":54},[44,54614,3746],{"class":58},[44,54616,3108],{"class":95},[44,54618,83],{"class":58},[44,54620,1012],{"class":95},[44,54622,83],{"class":58},[44,54624,1017],{"class":95},[44,54626,3759],{"class":58},[44,54628,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637,54639],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54630,7910],{"class":50},[44,54632,55],{"class":54},[44,54634,6095],{"class":50},[44,54636,108],{"class":58},[44,54638,11489],{"class":111},[44,54640,1635],{"class":58},[44,54642,54643,54645,54647,54649],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54644,154],{"class":153},[44,54646,157],{"class":58},[44,54648,7940],{"class":111},[44,54650,162],{"class":58},[20,54652,12020,54653,42082,54655,54657],{},[15,54654,7940],{},[15,54656,217],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54659,54661,54663,54664],{"id":54660},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54662,11428],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54665,3912],{},[20,54667,54668],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54670,54671],{"className":37,"code":54382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54672,54673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54674,54675,54677,54679,54681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54676,8470],{"class":50},[44,54678,108],{"class":58},[44,54680,11489],{"class":111},[44,54682,1635],{"class":58},[35,54684,54686],{"className":37,"code":54685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54687,54688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54689,54690,54692,54694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54691,8439],{"class":50},[44,54693,55],{"class":54},[44,54695,7969],{"class":58},[1960,54697,54699,54701],{"id":54698},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54700,11428],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54703,54705],{"className":37,"code":54704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54706,54707,54727,54735,54739,54749,54753,54765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54708,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717,54719,54721,54723,54725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54710,2673],{"class":50},[44,54712,55],{"class":54},[44,54714,3746],{"class":58},[44,54716,3108],{"class":95},[44,54718,83],{"class":58},[44,54720,1012],{"class":95},[44,54722,83],{"class":58},[44,54724,1017],{"class":95},[44,54726,3759],{"class":58},[44,54728,54729,54731,54733],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54730,2701],{"class":50},[44,54732,55],{"class":54},[44,54734,36098],{"class":50},[44,54736,54737],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54738,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54740,54741,54743,54745,54747],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54742,395],{"class":50},[44,54744,108],{"class":58},[44,54746,11489],{"class":111},[44,54748,1635],{"class":58},[44,54750,54751],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,54752,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54754,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,54756,154],{"class":153},[44,54758,157],{"class":58},[44,54760,395],{"class":111},[44,54762,3786],{"class":58},[44,54764,54338],{"class":168},[44,54766,54767,54769,54771,54773,54775],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,54768,154],{"class":153},[44,54770,157],{"class":58},[44,54772,1005],{"class":111},[44,54774,3786],{"class":58},[44,54776,54338],{"class":168},[20,54778,10703,54779,4523,54781,54783],{},[15,54780,395],{},[15,54782,1005],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1960,54785,54787,54790],{"id":54786},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54788,54789],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54792,54794],{"className":37,"code":54793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54795,54796,54816,54824,54828,54836,54840,54852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54797,54798,54800,54802,54804,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54799,2673],{"class":50},[44,54801,55],{"class":54},[44,54803,3746],{"class":58},[44,54805,3108],{"class":95},[44,54807,83],{"class":58},[44,54809,1012],{"class":95},[44,54811,83],{"class":58},[44,54813,1017],{"class":95},[44,54815,3759],{"class":58},[44,54817,54818,54820,54822],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54819,2701],{"class":50},[44,54821,55],{"class":54},[44,54823,36098],{"class":50},[44,54825,54826],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54827,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54829,54830,54832,54834],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54831,2673],{"class":50},[44,54833,55],{"class":54},[44,54835,7969],{"class":58},[44,54837,54838],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,54839,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54841,54842,54844,54846,54848,54850],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,54843,154],{"class":153},[44,54845,157],{"class":58},[44,54847,395],{"class":111},[44,54849,3786],{"class":58},[44,54851,54338],{"class":168},[44,54853,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,54855,154],{"class":153},[44,54857,157],{"class":58},[44,54859,1005],{"class":111},[44,54861,3786],{"class":58},[44,54863,54864],{"class":168},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54866,20843,54867,54869,54870,54872],{},[15,54868,395],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54871,1005],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54874,54875],{},"This difference matters when:",[192,54877,54878,54881,54884],{},[195,54879,54880],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[195,54882,54883],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[195,54885,54886],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54888,54889,54890,108],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[395,54891,54893,54894,10852],{"href":54892},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54895,12875],{},[30,54897,1551,54898],{"id":12539},[15,54899,11428],{},[20,54901,172,54902,6447],{},[15,54903,11428],{},[192,54905,54906,54909,54912],{},[195,54907,54908],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[195,54910,54911],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[195,54913,54914],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54916,223],{},[35,54918,54920],{"className":37,"code":54919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54921,54922,54958,54962,54967,54978,54982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54923,54924,54927,54929,54931,54933,54936,54938,54940,54942,54945,54947,54949,54951,54954,54956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54925,54926],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54928,55],{"class":54},[44,54930,3746],{"class":58},[44,54932,63],{"class":62},[44,54934,54935],{"class":66},"milk",[44,54937,63],{"class":62},[44,54939,83],{"class":58},[44,54941,75],{"class":62},[44,54943,54944],{"class":66},"bread",[44,54946,63],{"class":62},[44,54948,83],{"class":58},[44,54950,75],{"class":62},[44,54952,54953],{"class":66},"eggs",[44,54955,63],{"class":62},[44,54957,3759],{"class":58},[44,54959,54960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,54961,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54963,54964],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,54965,54966],{"class":168},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54968,54969,54972,54974,54976],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,54970,54971],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54973,108],{"class":58},[44,54975,11489],{"class":111},[44,54977,1635],{"class":58},[44,54979,54980],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,54981,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,54983,54984,54986,54988,54990,54992],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,54985,154],{"class":153},[44,54987,157],{"class":58},[44,54989,54971],{"class":111},[44,54991,3786],{"class":58},[44,54993,54338],{"class":168},[20,54995,54996,54997,55001,55002,55008,55009,108],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[395,54998,55000],{"href":54999},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[395,55003,55005,10852],{"href":55004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55006,55007],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[395,55010,55012,10852],{"href":55011},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55013,55014],{},"list.pop()",[30,55016,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,55018,55020,55021,11202,55024],{"id":55019},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55022,55023],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55025,55026],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55028,55029],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,55031,55033],{"className":37,"code":55032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55034,55035,55055,55059,55068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55036,55037,55039,55041,55043,55045,55047,55049,55051,55053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55038,7910],{"class":50},[44,55040,55],{"class":54},[44,55042,3746],{"class":58},[44,55044,3108],{"class":95},[44,55046,83],{"class":58},[44,55048,1012],{"class":95},[44,55050,83],{"class":58},[44,55052,1017],{"class":95},[44,55054,3759],{"class":58},[44,55056,55057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55058,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55060,55061,55063,55065],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55062,7940],{"class":50},[44,55064,108],{"class":58},[44,55066,55067],{"class":1923},"clear\n",[44,55069,55070,55072,55074,55076],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55071,154],{"class":153},[44,55073,157],{"class":58},[44,55075,7940],{"class":111},[44,55077,162],{"class":58},[20,55079,330],{},[35,55081,55083],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55084,55085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55086,55087,55089,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55088,4027],{"class":58},[44,55090,3108],{"class":95},[44,55092,83],{"class":58},[44,55094,1012],{"class":95},[44,55096,83],{"class":58},[44,55098,1017],{"class":95},[44,55100,3759],{"class":58},[20,55102,55103],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55105,10918],{},[35,55107,55109],{"className":37,"code":55108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55110,55111,55131,55135,55145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55112,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125,55127,55129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55114,7910],{"class":50},[44,55116,55],{"class":54},[44,55118,3746],{"class":58},[44,55120,3108],{"class":95},[44,55122,83],{"class":58},[44,55124,1012],{"class":95},[44,55126,83],{"class":58},[44,55128,1017],{"class":95},[44,55130,3759],{"class":58},[44,55132,55133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55134,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55136,55137,55139,55141,55143],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55138,7940],{"class":50},[44,55140,108],{"class":58},[44,55142,11489],{"class":111},[44,55144,1635],{"class":58},[44,55146,55147,55149,55151,55153,55155],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55148,154],{"class":153},[44,55150,157],{"class":58},[44,55152,7940],{"class":111},[44,55154,3786],{"class":58},[44,55156,54338],{"class":168},[1960,55158,1821,55160,55162],{"id":55159},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55161,11428],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55164,55165,1298,55167,55169],{},[15,55166,11428],{},[15,55168,217],{},", not the list.",[35,55171,55173],{"className":37,"code":55172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55174,55175,55195,55209,55213,55225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55176,55177,55179,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55178,7910],{"class":50},[44,55180,55],{"class":54},[44,55182,3746],{"class":58},[44,55184,3108],{"class":95},[44,55186,83],{"class":58},[44,55188,1012],{"class":95},[44,55190,83],{"class":58},[44,55192,1017],{"class":95},[44,55194,3759],{"class":58},[44,55196,55197,55199,55201,55203,55205,55207],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55198,1340],{"class":50},[44,55200,55],{"class":54},[44,55202,6095],{"class":50},[44,55204,108],{"class":58},[44,55206,11489],{"class":111},[44,55208,1635],{"class":58},[44,55210,55211],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55212,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55214,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55216,154],{"class":153},[44,55218,157],{"class":58},[44,55220,1376],{"class":111},[44,55222,3786],{"class":58},[44,55224,20948],{"class":168},[44,55226,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,55228,154],{"class":153},[44,55230,157],{"class":58},[44,55232,7940],{"class":111},[44,55234,3786],{"class":58},[44,55236,54586],{"class":168},[1960,55238,567,55240,55242],{"id":55239},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55241,11428],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55244,55245,55246,55248],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55247,11428],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55250,55251],{},"This will fail:",[35,55253,55255],{"className":37,"code":55254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55256,55257,55269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55258,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55260,34608],{"class":50},[44,55262,55],{"class":54},[44,55264,75],{"class":62},[44,55266,3971],{"class":66},[44,55268,3479],{"class":62},[44,55270,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55272,34629],{"class":50},[44,55274,108],{"class":58},[44,55276,11489],{"class":111},[44,55278,1635],{"class":58},[20,55280,55281,55282,33520],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55283,11428],{},[20,55285,55286,55287,55289],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55288,217],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55291,55292],{},"Useful checks:",[35,55294,55296],{"className":37,"code":55295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55297,55298,55308,55322,55336,55345,55355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55299,55300,55302,55304,55306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55301,154],{"class":153},[44,55303,157],{"class":58},[44,55305,8470],{"class":111},[44,55307,162],{"class":58},[44,55309,55310,55312,55314,55316,55318,55320],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55311,154],{"class":153},[44,55313,157],{"class":58},[44,55315,1862],{"class":1861},[44,55317,157],{"class":58},[44,55319,8470],{"class":111},[44,55321,1869],{"class":58},[44,55323,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332,55334],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55325,154],{"class":153},[44,55327,157],{"class":58},[44,55329,12748],{"class":153},[44,55331,157],{"class":58},[44,55333,8470],{"class":111},[44,55335,1869],{"class":58},[44,55337,55338,55340,55342],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55339,43477],{"class":50},[44,55341,55],{"class":54},[44,55343,55344],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55346,55347,55349,55351,55353],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,55348,8470],{"class":50},[44,55350,108],{"class":58},[44,55352,11489],{"class":111},[44,55354,1635],{"class":58},[44,55356,55357,55359,55361,55363],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,55358,154],{"class":153},[44,55360,157],{"class":58},[44,55362,424],{"class":111},[44,55364,162],{"class":58},[20,55366,55367],{},"These can help you see:",[192,55369,55370,55373,55376],{},[195,55371,55372],{},"What the variable currently contains",[195,55374,55375],{},"Whether it is really a list",[195,55377,55378],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55380,55381,55382,108],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[395,55383,55384],{"href":54228},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55386,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,55388,1963,55390,55392],{"id":55389},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55391,54281],{}," delete the list?",[20,55394,55395],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1960,55397,1963,55399,55401],{"id":55398},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55400,54281],{}," return a new list?",[20,55403,55404,55405,55407],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55406,217],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1960,55409,2007,55411,4523,55413,2610],{"id":55410},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55412,11428],{},[15,55414,54789],{},[20,55416,55417,55419,55420,55422],{},[15,55418,11428],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55421,54789],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1960,55424,1994,55426,55428],{"id":55425},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55427,11428],{}," on other types?",[20,55430,55431,55432,55434],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55433,11428],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55436,2020],{"id":2019},[192,55438,55439,55443,55448,55455,55462,55468],{},[195,55440,55441],{},[395,55442,52703],{"href":54502},[195,55444,55445],{},[395,55446,55447],{"href":54999},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[195,55449,55450],{},[395,55451,55452,55453,10852],{"href":55011},"Python list ",[15,55454,12861],{},[195,55456,55457],{},[395,55458,55452,55459,10852],{"href":55004},[15,55460,55461],{},"remove()",[195,55463,55464],{},[395,55465,55452,55466,10852],{"href":54892},[15,55467,12875],{},[195,55469,55470],{},[395,55471,30414,55472,33553],{"href":54228},[15,55473,55474],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2048,55476,55477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":55479},[55480,55481,55483,55484,55485,55486,55493,55494,55502,55512],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":54346,"depth":102,"text":55482},"What list.clear() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":54660,"depth":102,"text":55487,"children":55488},"clear() vs assigning []",[55489,55491],{"id":54698,"depth":150,"text":55490},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54786,"depth":150,"text":55492},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12539,"depth":102,"text":12907},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":55495},[55496,55498,55500],{"id":55019,"depth":150,"text":55497},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55159,"depth":150,"text":55499},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55239,"depth":150,"text":55501},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":55503},[55504,55506,55508,55510],{"id":55389,"depth":150,"text":55505},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55398,"depth":150,"text":55507},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55410,"depth":150,"text":55509},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55425,"depth":150,"text":55511},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54268,"description":55513},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55520,"title":55521,"body":55522,"description":57207,"extension":2080,"meta":57208,"navigation":682,"path":57209,"seo":57210,"stem":57211,"__hash__":57212},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55523,"toc":57175},[55524,55529,55535,55543,55545,55634,55641,55646,55650,55664,55666,55743,55745,55806,55809,55811,55813,55834,55837,55851,55854,55899,55901,55909,55912,55918,55924,55927,56004,56006,56051,56054,56059,56142,56144,56185,56190,56194,56200,56202,56210,56213,56306,56308,56366,56369,56385,56390,56400,56405,56407,56412,56417,56420,56422,56479,56482,56535,56541,56546,56550,56567,56569,56653,56655,56696,56704,56706,56711,56717,56719,56782,56787,56857,56861,56896,56899,56901,56940,56944,57020,57026,57032,57037,57059,57062,57081,57089,57091,57097,57100,57107,57115,57120,57123,57127,57133,57141,57144,57146,57172],[10,55525,54274,55527,18],{"id":55526},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55528,12875],{},[20,55530,55531,55534],{},[15,55532,55533],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55536,55537,55538,14140,55540,55542],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55539,55],{},[3868,55541,4762],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55544,33],{"id":32},[35,55546,55548],{"className":37,"code":55547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55549,55550,55570,55585,55589,55604,55608,55621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55551,55552,55554,55556,55558,55560,55562,55564,55566,55568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55553,3741],{"class":50},[44,55555,55],{"class":54},[44,55557,3746],{"class":58},[44,55559,3108],{"class":95},[44,55561,83],{"class":58},[44,55563,1012],{"class":95},[44,55565,83],{"class":58},[44,55567,1017],{"class":95},[44,55569,3759],{"class":58},[44,55571,55572,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55573,55574],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55576,55],{"class":54},[44,55578,4392],{"class":50},[44,55580,108],{"class":58},[44,55582,1632],{"class":111},[44,55584,1635],{"class":58},[44,55586,55587],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55588,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55590,55591,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55592,55593],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55595,108],{"class":58},[44,55597,13646],{"class":111},[44,55599,157],{"class":58},[44,55601,2623],{"class":95},[44,55603,162],{"class":58},[44,55605,55606],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,55607,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55609,55610,55612,55614,55616,55618],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,55611,154],{"class":153},[44,55613,157],{"class":58},[44,55615,3773],{"class":111},[44,55617,3786],{"class":58},[44,55619,55620],{"class":168},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55622,55623,55625,55627,55629,55631],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,55624,154],{"class":153},[44,55626,157],{"class":58},[44,55628,55593],{"class":111},[44,55630,3786],{"class":58},[44,55632,55633],{"class":168},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55635,172,55636,55638,55639,108],{},[15,55637,55533],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3868,55640,12949],{},[30,55642,179,55644,182],{"id":55643},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55645,55533],{},[20,55647,55648,72],{},[15,55649,55533],{},[192,55651,55652,55655,55658,55661],{},[195,55653,55654],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[195,55656,55657],{},"Returns that new list",[195,55659,55660],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[195,55662,55663],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55665,223],{},[35,55667,55669],{"className":37,"code":55668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55670,55671,55703,55718,55722,55732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55672,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693,55695,55697,55699,55701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55674,36162],{"class":50},[44,55676,55],{"class":54},[44,55678,3746],{"class":58},[44,55680,63],{"class":62},[44,55682,4207],{"class":66},[44,55684,63],{"class":62},[44,55686,83],{"class":58},[44,55688,75],{"class":62},[44,55690,4216],{"class":66},[44,55692,63],{"class":62},[44,55694,83],{"class":58},[44,55696,75],{"class":62},[44,55698,33140],{"class":66},[44,55700,63],{"class":62},[44,55702,3759],{"class":58},[44,55704,55705,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55706,55707],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55709,55],{"class":54},[44,55711,52783],{"class":50},[44,55713,108],{"class":58},[44,55715,1632],{"class":111},[44,55717,1635],{"class":58},[44,55719,55720],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55721,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55723,55724,55726,55728,55730],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55725,154],{"class":153},[44,55727,157],{"class":58},[44,55729,36214],{"class":111},[44,55731,162],{"class":58},[44,55733,55734,55736,55738,55741],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,55735,154],{"class":153},[44,55737,157],{"class":58},[44,55739,55740],{"class":111},"copied_fruits",[44,55742,162],{"class":58},[20,55744,330],{},[35,55746,55748],{"className":37,"code":55747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55749,55750,55778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55751,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55753,4027],{"class":58},[44,55755,343],{"class":62},[44,55757,4207],{"class":66},[44,55759,343],{"class":62},[44,55761,83],{"class":58},[44,55763,352],{"class":62},[44,55765,4216],{"class":66},[44,55767,343],{"class":62},[44,55769,83],{"class":58},[44,55771,352],{"class":62},[44,55773,33140],{"class":66},[44,55775,343],{"class":62},[44,55777,3759],{"class":58},[44,55779,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800,55802,55804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55781,4027],{"class":58},[44,55783,343],{"class":62},[44,55785,4207],{"class":66},[44,55787,343],{"class":62},[44,55789,83],{"class":58},[44,55791,352],{"class":62},[44,55793,4216],{"class":66},[44,55795,343],{"class":62},[44,55797,83],{"class":58},[44,55799,352],{"class":62},[44,55801,33140],{"class":66},[44,55803,343],{"class":62},[44,55805,3759],{"class":58},[20,55807,55808],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,55810,402],{"id":401},[20,55812,2277],{},[35,55814,55816],{"className":37,"code":55815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55817,55818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55819,55820,55823,55825,55828,55830,55832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55821,55822],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55824,55],{"class":54},[44,55826,55827],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55829,108],{"class":58},[44,55831,1632],{"class":111},[44,55833,1635],{"class":58},[20,55835,55836],{},"How it works:",[192,55838,55839,55845,55848],{},[195,55840,55841,55842,55844],{},"Call ",[15,55843,12875],{}," on an existing list",[195,55846,55847],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[195,55849,55850],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55852,55853],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55855,55857],{"className":37,"code":55856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55858,55859,55868,55884,55888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55860,55861,55864,55866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55862,55863],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55865,55],{"class":54},[44,55867,7969],{"class":58},[44,55869,55870,55873,55875,55878,55880,55882],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55871,55872],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55874,55],{"class":54},[44,55876,55877],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55879,108],{"class":58},[44,55881,1632],{"class":111},[44,55883,1635],{"class":58},[44,55885,55886],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55887,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55889,55890,55892,55894,55897],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55891,154],{"class":153},[44,55893,157],{"class":58},[44,55895,55896],{"class":111},"new_empty_list",[44,55898,162],{"class":58},[20,55900,330],{},[35,55902,55903],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55904,55905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55906,55907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55908,38222],{"class":58},[20,55910,55911],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,55913,55915,55916],{"id":55914},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55917,55],{},[20,55919,567,55920,14140,55922,52599],{},[15,55921,55],{},[3868,55923,4762],{},[20,55925,55926],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55928,55930],{"className":37,"code":55929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55931,55932,55952,55961,55965,55980,55984,55994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55933,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55935,3741],{"class":50},[44,55937,55],{"class":54},[44,55939,3746],{"class":58},[44,55941,3108],{"class":95},[44,55943,83],{"class":58},[44,55945,1012],{"class":95},[44,55947,83],{"class":58},[44,55949,1017],{"class":95},[44,55951,3759],{"class":58},[44,55953,55954,55957,55959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,55955,55956],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55958,55],{"class":54},[44,55960,43910],{"class":50},[44,55962,55963],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,55964,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55966,55967,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,55968,55969],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55971,108],{"class":58},[44,55973,13646],{"class":111},[44,55975,157],{"class":58},[44,55977,2623],{"class":95},[44,55979,162],{"class":58},[44,55981,55982],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,55983,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,55985,55986,55988,55990,55992],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,55987,154],{"class":153},[44,55989,157],{"class":58},[44,55991,3773],{"class":111},[44,55993,162],{"class":58},[44,55995,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,55997,154],{"class":153},[44,55999,157],{"class":58},[44,56001,55969],{"class":111},[44,56003,162],{"class":58},[20,56005,330],{},[35,56007,56009],{"className":37,"code":56008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56010,56011,56031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56012,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56014,4027],{"class":58},[44,56016,3108],{"class":95},[44,56018,83],{"class":58},[44,56020,1012],{"class":95},[44,56022,83],{"class":58},[44,56024,1017],{"class":95},[44,56026,83],{"class":58},[44,56028,2574],{"class":95},[44,56030,3759],{"class":58},[44,56032,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56034,4027],{"class":58},[44,56036,3108],{"class":95},[44,56038,83],{"class":58},[44,56040,1012],{"class":95},[44,56042,83],{"class":58},[44,56044,1017],{"class":95},[44,56046,83],{"class":58},[44,56048,2574],{"class":95},[44,56050,3759],{"class":58},[20,56052,56053],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56055,56056,56057,72],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56058,12875],{},[35,56060,56062],{"className":37,"code":56061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56063,56064,56084,56099,56103,56118,56122,56132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56065,56066,56068,56070,56072,56074,56076,56078,56080,56082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56067,3741],{"class":50},[44,56069,55],{"class":54},[44,56071,3746],{"class":58},[44,56073,3108],{"class":95},[44,56075,83],{"class":58},[44,56077,1012],{"class":95},[44,56079,83],{"class":58},[44,56081,1017],{"class":95},[44,56083,3759],{"class":58},[44,56085,56086,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56087,56088],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,56090,55],{"class":54},[44,56092,4392],{"class":50},[44,56094,108],{"class":58},[44,56096,1632],{"class":111},[44,56098,1635],{"class":58},[44,56100,56101],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56102,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56104,56105,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56106,56107],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,56109,108],{"class":58},[44,56111,13646],{"class":111},[44,56113,157],{"class":58},[44,56115,2623],{"class":95},[44,56117,162],{"class":58},[44,56119,56120],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,56121,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56123,56124,56126,56128,56130],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,56125,154],{"class":153},[44,56127,157],{"class":58},[44,56129,3773],{"class":111},[44,56131,162],{"class":58},[44,56133,56134,56136,56138,56140],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,56135,154],{"class":153},[44,56137,157],{"class":58},[44,56139,56107],{"class":111},[44,56141,162],{"class":58},[20,56143,330],{},[35,56145,56147],{"className":37,"code":56146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56148,56149,56165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56150,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56152,4027],{"class":58},[44,56154,3108],{"class":95},[44,56156,83],{"class":58},[44,56158,1012],{"class":95},[44,56160,83],{"class":58},[44,56162,1017],{"class":95},[44,56164,3759],{"class":58},[44,56166,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181,56183],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56168,4027],{"class":58},[44,56170,3108],{"class":95},[44,56172,83],{"class":58},[44,56174,1012],{"class":95},[44,56176,83],{"class":58},[44,56178,1017],{"class":95},[44,56180,83],{"class":58},[44,56182,2574],{"class":95},[44,56184,3759],{"class":58},[20,56186,56187,56188,108],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[395,56189,52703],{"href":50910},[30,56191,56193],{"id":56192},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56195,56196,12946,56198,108],{},[15,56197,55533],{},[3868,56199,12949],{},[20,56201,2224],{},[192,56203,56204,56207],{},[195,56205,56206],{},"The outer list is new",[195,56208,56209],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56211,56212],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,56214,56216],{"className":37,"code":56215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56217,56218,56245,56259,56263,56282,56286,56296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56219,56220,56222,56224,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56221,1585],{"class":50},[44,56223,55],{"class":54},[44,56225,56226],{"class":58}," [[",[44,56228,3108],{"class":95},[44,56230,83],{"class":58},[44,56232,1012],{"class":95},[44,56234,18140],{"class":58},[44,56236,3746],{"class":58},[44,56238,2179],{"class":95},[44,56240,83],{"class":58},[44,56242,2574],{"class":95},[44,56244,53174],{"class":58},[44,56246,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56248,14398],{"class":50},[44,56250,55],{"class":54},[44,56252,1627],{"class":50},[44,56254,108],{"class":58},[44,56256,1632],{"class":111},[44,56258,1635],{"class":58},[44,56260,56261],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56262,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56264,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56280],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56266,14417],{"class":50},[44,56268,4027],{"class":58},[44,56270,2237],{"class":95},[44,56272,13643],{"class":58},[44,56274,13646],{"class":111},[44,56276,157],{"class":58},[44,56278,56279],{"class":95},"99",[44,56281,162],{"class":58},[44,56283,56284],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,56285,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56287,56288,56290,56292,56294],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,56289,154],{"class":153},[44,56291,157],{"class":58},[44,56293,1692],{"class":111},[44,56295,162],{"class":58},[44,56297,56298,56300,56302,56304],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,56299,154],{"class":153},[44,56301,157],{"class":58},[44,56303,14417],{"class":111},[44,56305,162],{"class":58},[20,56307,330],{},[35,56309,56311],{"className":37,"code":56310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56312,56313,56340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56314,56315,56318,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56316,56317],{"class":58},"[[",[44,56319,3108],{"class":95},[44,56321,83],{"class":58},[44,56323,1012],{"class":95},[44,56325,83],{"class":58},[44,56327,10312],{"class":95},[44,56329,18140],{"class":58},[44,56331,3746],{"class":58},[44,56333,2179],{"class":95},[44,56335,83],{"class":58},[44,56337,2574],{"class":95},[44,56339,53174],{"class":58},[44,56341,56342,56344,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358,56360,56362,56364],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56343,56317],{"class":58},[44,56345,3108],{"class":95},[44,56347,83],{"class":58},[44,56349,1012],{"class":95},[44,56351,83],{"class":58},[44,56353,10312],{"class":95},[44,56355,18140],{"class":58},[44,56357,3746],{"class":58},[44,56359,2179],{"class":95},[44,56361,83],{"class":58},[44,56363,2574],{"class":95},[44,56365,53174],{"class":58},[20,56367,56368],{},"Why did both change?",[192,56370,56371,56378],{},[195,56372,56373,4523,56375,56377],{},[15,56374,1692],{},[15,56376,14417],{}," are different outer lists",[195,56379,56380,56381,56384],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56382,56383],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56386,53585,56387,56389],{},[15,56388,12875],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[192,56391,56392,56395,56398],{},[195,56393,56394],{},"Numbers",[195,56396,56397],{},"Strings",[195,56399,40521],{},[20,56401,56402,56403,108],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[395,56404,13883],{"href":13882},[30,56406,1293],{"id":1292},[20,56408,56409,56411],{},[15,56410,55533],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56413,40832,56414,56416],{},[3868,56415,4762],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56418,56419],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56421,1436],{},[35,56423,56425],{"className":37,"code":56424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56426,56427,56451,56465,56469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56428,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56430,13172],{"class":50},[44,56432,55],{"class":54},[44,56434,3746],{"class":58},[44,56436,63],{"class":62},[44,56438,13189],{"class":66},[44,56440,63],{"class":62},[44,56442,83],{"class":58},[44,56444,75],{"class":62},[44,56446,13206],{"class":66},[44,56448,63],{"class":62},[44,56450,3759],{"class":58},[44,56452,56453,56455,56457,56459,56461,56463],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56454,13215],{"class":50},[44,56456,55],{"class":54},[44,56458,13220],{"class":50},[44,56460,108],{"class":58},[44,56462,1632],{"class":111},[44,56464,1635],{"class":58},[44,56466,56467],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56468,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56470,56471,56473,56475,56477],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56472,154],{"class":153},[44,56474,157],{"class":58},[44,56476,13239],{"class":111},[44,56478,162],{"class":58},[20,56480,56481],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56483,56485],{"className":37,"code":56484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56486,56487,56511,56521,56525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56488,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56490,13172],{"class":50},[44,56492,55],{"class":54},[44,56494,3746],{"class":58},[44,56496,63],{"class":62},[44,56498,13189],{"class":66},[44,56500,63],{"class":62},[44,56502,83],{"class":58},[44,56504,75],{"class":62},[44,56506,13206],{"class":66},[44,56508,63],{"class":62},[44,56510,3759],{"class":58},[44,56512,56513,56515,56517,56519],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56514,17581],{"class":50},[44,56516,108],{"class":58},[44,56518,1632],{"class":111},[44,56520,1635],{"class":58},[44,56522,56523],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56524,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56526,56527,56529,56531,56533],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56528,154],{"class":153},[44,56530,157],{"class":58},[44,56532,17581],{"class":111},[44,56534,162],{"class":58},[20,56536,56537,56538,56540],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56539,12875],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56542,1551,56544],{"id":56543},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56545,55533],{},[20,56547,172,56548,1558],{},[15,56549,55533],{},[192,56551,56552,56555,56558,56561],{},[195,56553,56554],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[195,56556,56557],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[195,56559,56560],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[195,56562,56563,56564],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56565,56566],{},"[:]",[20,56568,223],{},[35,56570,56572],{"className":37,"code":56571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56573,56574,56594,56609,56613,56628,56632,56642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56575,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56577,811],{"class":50},[44,56579,55],{"class":54},[44,56581,3746],{"class":58},[44,56583,2448],{"class":95},[44,56585,83],{"class":58},[44,56587,96],{"class":95},[44,56589,83],{"class":58},[44,56591,7925],{"class":95},[44,56593,3759],{"class":58},[44,56595,56596,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56597,56598],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56600,55],{"class":54},[44,56602,5241],{"class":50},[44,56604,108],{"class":58},[44,56606,1632],{"class":111},[44,56608,1635],{"class":58},[44,56610,56611],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56612,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56614,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56626],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56616,881],{"class":50},[44,56618,108],{"class":58},[44,56620,13646],{"class":111},[44,56622,157],{"class":58},[44,56624,56625],{"class":95},"40",[44,56627,162],{"class":58},[44,56629,56630],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,56631,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56633,56634,56636,56638,56640],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,56635,154],{"class":153},[44,56637,157],{"class":58},[44,56639,881],{"class":111},[44,56641,162],{"class":58},[44,56643,56644,56646,56648,56651],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,56645,154],{"class":153},[44,56647,157],{"class":58},[44,56649,56650],{"class":111},"backup_scores",[44,56652,162],{"class":58},[20,56654,330],{},[35,56656,56658],{"className":37,"code":56657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56659,56660,56680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56661,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670,56672,56674,56676,56678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56663,4027],{"class":58},[44,56665,2448],{"class":95},[44,56667,83],{"class":58},[44,56669,96],{"class":95},[44,56671,83],{"class":58},[44,56673,7925],{"class":95},[44,56675,83],{"class":58},[44,56677,50774],{"class":95},[44,56679,3759],{"class":58},[44,56681,56682,56684,56686,56688,56690,56692,56694],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56683,4027],{"class":58},[44,56685,2448],{"class":95},[44,56687,83],{"class":58},[44,56689,96],{"class":95},[44,56691,83],{"class":58},[44,56693,7925],{"class":95},[44,56695,3759],{"class":58},[20,56697,56698,56699,108],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[395,56700,55452,56702,10852],{"href":56701},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56703,52584],{},[30,56705,4649],{"id":4648},[20,56707,56708,56709,108],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56710,55533],{},[1960,56712,567,56714,56716],{"id":56713},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56715,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56718,39124],{},[35,56720,56722],{"className":37,"code":56721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56723,56724,56744,56752,56766,56770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56725,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56727,2673],{"class":50},[44,56729,55],{"class":54},[44,56731,3746],{"class":58},[44,56733,3108],{"class":95},[44,56735,83],{"class":58},[44,56737,1012],{"class":95},[44,56739,83],{"class":58},[44,56741,1017],{"class":95},[44,56743,3759],{"class":58},[44,56745,56746,56748,56750],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56747,2701],{"class":50},[44,56749,55],{"class":54},[44,56751,36098],{"class":50},[44,56753,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56755,1005],{"class":50},[44,56757,108],{"class":58},[44,56759,13646],{"class":111},[44,56761,157],{"class":58},[44,56763,2623],{"class":95},[44,56765,162],{"class":58},[44,56767,56768],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56769,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56771,56772,56774,56776,56778,56780],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,56773,154],{"class":153},[44,56775,157],{"class":58},[44,56777,395],{"class":111},[44,56779,3786],{"class":58},[44,56781,55633],{"class":168},[20,56783,56784,56785,6761],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56786,12875],{},[35,56788,56790],{"className":37,"code":56789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56791,56792,56812,56827,56841,56845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56793,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56795,2673],{"class":50},[44,56797,55],{"class":54},[44,56799,3746],{"class":58},[44,56801,3108],{"class":95},[44,56803,83],{"class":58},[44,56805,1012],{"class":95},[44,56807,83],{"class":58},[44,56809,1017],{"class":95},[44,56811,3759],{"class":58},[44,56813,56814,56816,56818,56821,56823,56825],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56815,2701],{"class":50},[44,56817,55],{"class":54},[44,56819,56820],{"class":50}," a",[44,56822,108],{"class":58},[44,56824,1632],{"class":111},[44,56826,1635],{"class":58},[44,56828,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56830,1005],{"class":50},[44,56832,108],{"class":58},[44,56834,13646],{"class":111},[44,56836,157],{"class":58},[44,56838,2623],{"class":95},[44,56840,162],{"class":58},[44,56842,56843],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56844,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56846,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,56848,154],{"class":153},[44,56850,157],{"class":58},[44,56852,395],{"class":111},[44,56854,3786],{"class":58},[44,56856,54864],{"class":168},[1960,56858,56860],{"id":56859},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56862,56864],{"className":37,"code":56863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56865,56866,56886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56867,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882,56884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56869,3741],{"class":50},[44,56871,55],{"class":54},[44,56873,3746],{"class":58},[44,56875,3108],{"class":95},[44,56877,83],{"class":58},[44,56879,1012],{"class":95},[44,56881,83],{"class":58},[44,56883,1017],{"class":95},[44,56885,3759],{"class":58},[44,56887,56888,56890,56892,56894],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56889,3773],{"class":50},[44,56891,108],{"class":58},[44,56893,1632],{"class":111},[44,56895,1635],{"class":58},[20,56897,56898],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56900,39187],{},[35,56902,56904],{"className":37,"code":56903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56905,56906,56926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56907,56908,56910,56912,56914,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56909,3741],{"class":50},[44,56911,55],{"class":54},[44,56913,3746],{"class":58},[44,56915,3108],{"class":95},[44,56917,83],{"class":58},[44,56919,1012],{"class":95},[44,56921,83],{"class":58},[44,56923,1017],{"class":95},[44,56925,3759],{"class":58},[44,56927,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936,56938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56929,56088],{"class":50},[44,56931,55],{"class":54},[44,56933,4392],{"class":50},[44,56935,108],{"class":58},[44,56937,1632],{"class":111},[44,56939,1635],{"class":58},[1960,56941,56943],{"id":56942},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56945,56947],{"className":37,"code":56946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56948,56949,56967,56981,56985,57003,57007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56950,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56952,2673],{"class":50},[44,56954,55],{"class":54},[44,56956,56226],{"class":58},[44,56958,3108],{"class":95},[44,56960,18140],{"class":58},[44,56962,3746],{"class":58},[44,56964,2173],{"class":95},[44,56966,53174],{"class":58},[44,56968,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,56970,2701],{"class":50},[44,56972,55],{"class":54},[44,56974,56820],{"class":50},[44,56976,108],{"class":58},[44,56978,1632],{"class":111},[44,56980,1635],{"class":58},[44,56982,56983],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,56984,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,56986,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,56988,1005],{"class":50},[44,56990,4027],{"class":58},[44,56992,2237],{"class":95},[44,56994,13643],{"class":58},[44,56996,13646],{"class":111},[44,56998,157],{"class":58},[44,57000,56279],{"class":95},[44,57002,162],{"class":58},[44,57004,57005],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,57006,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,57008,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,57010,154],{"class":153},[44,57012,157],{"class":58},[44,57014,395],{"class":111},[44,57016,3786],{"class":58},[44,57018,57019],{"class":168},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57021,57022,57023,57025],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57024,55533],{}," is shallow.",[1960,57027,25685,57029,57031],{"id":57028},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57030,12875],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57033,57034,57036],{},[15,57035,12875],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,57038,57040],{"className":37,"code":57039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57041,57042,57054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57043,57044,57046,57048,57050,57052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57045,8007],{"class":50},[44,57047,55],{"class":54},[44,57049,75],{"class":62},[44,57051,5135],{"class":66},[44,57053,3479],{"class":62},[44,57055,57056],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57057,57058],{"class":168},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57060,57061],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,57063,57065],{"className":37,"code":57064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57066,57067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57068,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57070,154],{"class":153},[44,57072,157],{"class":58},[44,57074,1862],{"class":1861},[44,57076,157],{"class":58},[44,57078,67],{"class":111},[44,57080,1869],{"class":58},[20,57082,57083,57084,57088],{},"You can also review ",[395,57085,57087],{"href":57086},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,57090,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,57092,1963,57094,57096],{"id":57093},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57095,55533],{}," change the original list?",[20,57098,57099],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1960,57101,2007,57103,4523,57105,2610],{"id":57102},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57104,55533],{},[15,57106,55],{},[20,57108,57109,57111,57112,57114],{},[15,57110,12875],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57113,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1960,57116,14989,57118,14992],{"id":57117},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57119,55533],{},[20,57121,57122],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1960,57124,57126],{"id":57125},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57128,42079,57129,57132],{},[15,57130,57131],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1960,57134,14989,57136,57138,57139,2610],{"id":57135},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57137,55533],{}," the same as ",[15,57140,56566],{},[20,57142,57143],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,57145,2020],{"id":2019},[192,57147,57148,57153,57157,57162,57168],{},[195,57149,57150],{},[395,57151,15050],{"href":57152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[195,57154,57155],{},[395,57156,52703],{"href":50910},[195,57158,57159],{},[395,57160,57161],{"href":57086},"Creating a list in Python",[195,57163,57164],{},[395,57165,55452,57166,10852],{"href":56701},[15,57167,52584],{},[195,57169,57170],{},[395,57171,13883],{"href":13882},[2048,57173,57174],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":57176},[57177,57178,57180,57181,57183,57184,57185,57187,57195,57206],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":55643,"depth":102,"text":57179},"What list.copy() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":55914,"depth":102,"text":57182},"Why not use =",{"id":56192,"depth":102,"text":56193},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":56543,"depth":102,"text":57186},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":57188},[57189,57191,57192,57193],{"id":56713,"depth":150,"text":57190},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56859,"depth":150,"text":56860},{"id":56942,"depth":150,"text":56943},{"id":57028,"depth":150,"text":57194},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":57196},[57197,57199,57201,57203,57204],{"id":57093,"depth":150,"text":57198},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57102,"depth":150,"text":57200},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57117,"depth":150,"text":57202},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57125,"depth":150,"text":57126},{"id":57135,"depth":150,"text":57205},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55521,"description":57207},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57214,"title":57215,"body":57216,"description":58958,"extension":2080,"meta":58959,"navigation":682,"path":58960,"seo":58961,"stem":58962,"__hash__":58963},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57217,"toc":58917},[57218,57224,57230,57233,57244,57247,57249,57312,57318,57323,57327,57341,57344,57349,57354,57356,57358,57377,57389,57391,57458,57460,57468,57473,57475,57483,57486,57503,57505,57629,57640,57644,57649,57652,57654,57672,57676,57762,57771,57779,57848,57850,57853,57865,57870,57874,57945,57948,57952,57956,58021,58023,58031,58035,58118,58120,58128,58132,58193,58195,58203,58207,58294,58296,58304,58309,58314,58317,58328,58330,58415,58420,58429,58431,58435,58439,58444,58506,58510,58518,58524,58533,58538,58587,58590,58611,58615,58677,58684,58689,58692,58779,58782,58793,58796,58816,58818,58824,58827,58831,58835,58841,58844,58850,58857,58865,58876,58878,58914],[10,57219,54274,57221,18],{"id":57220},"python-list-count-method",[15,57222,57223],{},"count()",[20,57225,57226,57229],{},[15,57227,57228],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57231,57232],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[192,57234,57235,57238,57241],{},[195,57236,57237],{},"count one specific item",[195,57239,57240],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[195,57242,57243],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57245,57246],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,57248,3731],{"id":3730},[35,57250,57252],{"className":37,"code":57251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57253,57254,57282,57300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57255,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57257,3741],{"class":50},[44,57259,55],{"class":54},[44,57261,3746],{"class":58},[44,57263,3108],{"class":95},[44,57265,83],{"class":58},[44,57267,1012],{"class":95},[44,57269,83],{"class":58},[44,57271,1012],{"class":95},[44,57273,83],{"class":58},[44,57275,1017],{"class":95},[44,57277,83],{"class":58},[44,57279,1012],{"class":95},[44,57281,3759],{"class":58},[44,57283,57284,57286,57288,57290,57292,57294,57296,57298],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57285,1340],{"class":50},[44,57287,55],{"class":54},[44,57289,4392],{"class":50},[44,57291,108],{"class":58},[44,57293,41186],{"class":111},[44,57295,157],{"class":58},[44,57297,2173],{"class":95},[44,57299,162],{"class":58},[44,57301,57302,57304,57306,57308,57310],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,57303,154],{"class":153},[44,57305,157],{"class":58},[44,57307,1376],{"class":111},[44,57309,3786],{"class":58},[44,57311,50701],{"class":168},[20,57313,172,57314,57317],{},[15,57315,57316],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57319,179,57321,182],{"id":57320},"what-listcount-does",[15,57322,57228],{},[20,57324,57325,72],{},[15,57326,57228],{},[192,57328,57329,57332,57335,57338],{},[195,57330,57331],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[195,57333,57334],{},"returns an integer",[195,57336,57337],{},"does not change the original list",[195,57339,57340],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57342,57343],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57345,57346,57347,108],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57348,2179],{},[20,57350,57351,57352,108],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57353,2237],{},[30,57355,402],{"id":401},[20,57357,2277],{},[35,57359,57361],{"className":37,"code":57360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57362,57363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57364,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57366,8470],{"class":50},[44,57368,108],{"class":58},[44,57370,41186],{"class":111},[44,57372,157],{"class":58},[44,57374,2590],{"class":111},[44,57376,162],{"class":58},[192,57378,57379,57384],{},[195,57380,57381,57383],{},[15,57382,8470],{}," is the list you want to search",[195,57385,57386,57388],{},[15,57387,2590],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57390,223],{},[35,57392,57394],{"className":37,"code":57393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57395,57396,57436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57397,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57399,36013],{"class":50},[44,57401,55],{"class":54},[44,57403,3746],{"class":58},[44,57405,63],{"class":62},[44,57407,395],{"class":66},[44,57409,63],{"class":62},[44,57411,83],{"class":58},[44,57413,75],{"class":62},[44,57415,1005],{"class":66},[44,57417,63],{"class":62},[44,57419,83],{"class":58},[44,57421,75],{"class":62},[44,57423,395],{"class":66},[44,57425,63],{"class":62},[44,57427,83],{"class":58},[44,57429,75],{"class":62},[44,57431,9855],{"class":66},[44,57433,63],{"class":62},[44,57435,3759],{"class":58},[44,57437,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57439,154],{"class":153},[44,57441,157],{"class":58},[44,57443,36066],{"class":111},[44,57445,108],{"class":58},[44,57447,41186],{"class":111},[44,57449,157],{"class":58},[44,57451,63],{"class":62},[44,57453,395],{"class":66},[44,57455,63],{"class":62},[44,57457,1869],{"class":58},[20,57459,330],{},[35,57461,57462],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57463,57464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57465,57466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57467,17137],{"class":95},[20,57469,57470,57471,108],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57472,2237],{},[30,57474,37945],{"id":37944},[20,57476,57477,57478,57480,57481,108],{},"The return value from ",[15,57479,57223],{}," is always an ",[15,57482,2306],{},[20,57484,57485],{},"Possible results:",[192,57487,57488,57493,57498],{},[195,57489,57490,57492],{},[15,57491,2237],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[195,57494,57495,57497],{},[15,57496,3108],{}," if it appears once",[195,57499,57500,57502],{},[15,57501,2173],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57504,223],{},[35,57506,57508],{"className":37,"code":57507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57509,57510,57550,57554,57579,57604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57511,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57513,13172],{"class":50},[44,57515,55],{"class":54},[44,57517,3746],{"class":58},[44,57519,63],{"class":62},[44,57521,13189],{"class":66},[44,57523,63],{"class":62},[44,57525,83],{"class":58},[44,57527,75],{"class":62},[44,57529,13206],{"class":66},[44,57531,63],{"class":62},[44,57533,83],{"class":58},[44,57535,75],{"class":62},[44,57537,17534],{"class":66},[44,57539,63],{"class":62},[44,57541,83],{"class":58},[44,57543,75],{"class":62},[44,57545,13206],{"class":66},[44,57547,63],{"class":62},[44,57549,3759],{"class":58},[44,57551,57552],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57553,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,57555,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,57557,154],{"class":153},[44,57559,157],{"class":58},[44,57561,17581],{"class":111},[44,57563,108],{"class":58},[44,57565,41186],{"class":111},[44,57567,157],{"class":58},[44,57569,63],{"class":62},[44,57571,13206],{"class":66},[44,57573,63],{"class":62},[44,57575,5491],{"class":58},[44,57577,57578],{"class":168},"   # 2\n",[44,57580,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,57582,154],{"class":153},[44,57584,157],{"class":58},[44,57586,17581],{"class":111},[44,57588,108],{"class":58},[44,57590,41186],{"class":111},[44,57592,157],{"class":58},[44,57594,63],{"class":62},[44,57596,13189],{"class":66},[44,57598,63],{"class":62},[44,57600,5491],{"class":58},[44,57602,57603],{"class":168},"    # 1\n",[44,57605,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,57607,154],{"class":153},[44,57609,157],{"class":58},[44,57611,17581],{"class":111},[44,57613,108],{"class":58},[44,57615,41186],{"class":111},[44,57617,157],{"class":58},[44,57619,63],{"class":62},[44,57621,22594],{"class":66},[44,57623,63],{"class":62},[44,57625,5491],{"class":58},[44,57627,57628],{"class":168}," # 0\n",[20,57630,57631,57632,57634,57635,57637,57638,108],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57633,57223],{}," works, but using ",[15,57636,4009],{}," is often simpler. See ",[395,57639,6327],{"href":6326},[30,57641,57643],{"id":57642},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57645,57646,57648],{},[15,57647,57228],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57650,57651],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57653,43578],{},[192,57655,57656,57659,57662,57669],{},[195,57657,57658],{},"matches are based on equality",[195,57660,57661],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[195,57663,57664,4523,57666,57668],{},[15,57665,3108],{},[15,57667,3726],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[195,57670,57671],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1960,57673,57675],{"id":57674},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57677,57679],{"className":37,"code":57678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57680,57681,57714,57738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57682,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57702,57704,57706,57708,57710,57712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57684,4198],{"class":50},[44,57686,55],{"class":54},[44,57688,3746],{"class":58},[44,57690,63],{"class":62},[44,57692,4207],{"class":66},[44,57694,63],{"class":62},[44,57696,83],{"class":58},[44,57698,75],{"class":62},[44,57700,57701],{"class":66},"Apple",[44,57703,63],{"class":62},[44,57705,83],{"class":58},[44,57707,75],{"class":62},[44,57709,4207],{"class":66},[44,57711,63],{"class":62},[44,57713,3759],{"class":58},[44,57715,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57717,154],{"class":153},[44,57719,157],{"class":58},[44,57721,4242],{"class":111},[44,57723,108],{"class":58},[44,57725,41186],{"class":111},[44,57727,157],{"class":58},[44,57729,63],{"class":62},[44,57731,4207],{"class":66},[44,57733,63],{"class":62},[44,57735,5491],{"class":58},[44,57737,51346],{"class":168},[44,57739,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,57741,154],{"class":153},[44,57743,157],{"class":58},[44,57745,4242],{"class":111},[44,57747,108],{"class":58},[44,57749,41186],{"class":111},[44,57751,157],{"class":58},[44,57753,63],{"class":62},[44,57755,57701],{"class":66},[44,57757,63],{"class":62},[44,57759,5491],{"class":58},[44,57761,27848],{"class":168},[20,57763,57764,4523,57767,57770],{},[15,57765,57766],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57768,57769],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1960,57772,57774,4523,57776,57778],{"id":57773},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57775,3108],{},[15,57777,3726],{}," can match",[35,57780,57782],{"className":37,"code":57781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57783,57784,57808,57828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57785,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57787,3948],{"class":50},[44,57789,55],{"class":54},[44,57791,3746],{"class":58},[44,57793,3108],{"class":95},[44,57795,83],{"class":58},[44,57797,4043],{"class":1400},[44,57799,83],{"class":58},[44,57801,1012],{"class":95},[44,57803,83],{"class":58},[44,57805,504],{"class":95},[44,57807,3759],{"class":58},[44,57809,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57811,154],{"class":153},[44,57813,157],{"class":58},[44,57815,5488],{"class":111},[44,57817,108],{"class":58},[44,57819,41186],{"class":111},[44,57821,157],{"class":58},[44,57823,3108],{"class":95},[44,57825,5491],{"class":58},[44,57827,50849],{"class":168},[44,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,57831,154],{"class":153},[44,57833,157],{"class":58},[44,57835,5488],{"class":111},[44,57837,108],{"class":58},[44,57839,41186],{"class":111},[44,57841,157],{"class":58},[44,57843,3726],{"class":1400},[44,57845,5491],{"class":58},[44,57847,50701],{"class":168},[20,57849,4540],{},[20,57851,57852],{},"In Python:",[192,57854,57855,57860],{},[195,57856,57857],{},[15,57858,57859],{},"True == 1",[195,57861,57862],{},[15,57863,57864],{},"False == 0",[20,57866,53585,57867,57869],{},[15,57868,57223],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1960,57871,57873],{"id":57872},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57875,57877],{"className":37,"code":57876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57878,57879,57921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57880,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57882,7910],{"class":50},[44,57884,55],{"class":54},[44,57886,56226],{"class":58},[44,57888,3108],{"class":95},[44,57890,83],{"class":58},[44,57892,1012],{"class":95},[44,57894,18140],{"class":58},[44,57896,3746],{"class":58},[44,57898,2179],{"class":95},[44,57900,83],{"class":58},[44,57902,2574],{"class":95},[44,57904,18140],{"class":58},[44,57906,3746],{"class":58},[44,57908,3108],{"class":95},[44,57910,83],{"class":58},[44,57912,1012],{"class":95},[44,57914,18140],{"class":58},[44,57916,3746],{"class":58},[44,57918,3108],{"class":95},[44,57920,53174],{"class":58},[44,57922,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57924,154],{"class":153},[44,57926,157],{"class":58},[44,57928,7940],{"class":111},[44,57930,108],{"class":58},[44,57932,41186],{"class":111},[44,57934,3105],{"class":58},[44,57936,3108],{"class":95},[44,57938,83],{"class":58},[44,57940,1012],{"class":95},[44,57942,4867],{"class":58},[44,57944,51346],{"class":168},[20,57946,57947],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,57949,57951],{"id":57950},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1960,57953,57955],{"id":57954},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57957,57959],{"className":37,"code":57958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57960,57961,57989,58007,58011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57962,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57964,3741],{"class":50},[44,57966,55],{"class":54},[44,57968,3746],{"class":58},[44,57970,2448],{"class":95},[44,57972,83],{"class":58},[44,57974,96],{"class":95},[44,57976,83],{"class":58},[44,57978,528],{"class":95},[44,57980,83],{"class":58},[44,57982,7925],{"class":95},[44,57984,83],{"class":58},[44,57986,528],{"class":95},[44,57988,3759],{"class":58},[44,57990,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,57992,1340],{"class":50},[44,57994,55],{"class":54},[44,57996,4392],{"class":50},[44,57998,108],{"class":58},[44,58000,41186],{"class":111},[44,58002,157],{"class":58},[44,58004,2448],{"class":95},[44,58006,162],{"class":58},[44,58008,58009],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,58010,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,58012,58013,58015,58017,58019],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,58014,154],{"class":153},[44,58016,157],{"class":58},[44,58018,1376],{"class":111},[44,58020,162],{"class":58},[20,58022,330],{},[35,58024,58025],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58026,58027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58028,58029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58030,46546],{"class":95},[1960,58032,58034],{"id":58033},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,58036,58038],{"className":37,"code":58037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58039,58040,58082,58104,58108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58041,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58078,58080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58043,4198],{"class":50},[44,58045,55],{"class":54},[44,58047,3746],{"class":58},[44,58049,63],{"class":62},[44,58051,36971],{"class":66},[44,58053,63],{"class":62},[44,58055,83],{"class":58},[44,58057,75],{"class":62},[44,58059,58060],{"class":66},"dog",[44,58062,63],{"class":62},[44,58064,83],{"class":58},[44,58066,75],{"class":62},[44,58068,36971],{"class":66},[44,58070,63],{"class":62},[44,58072,83],{"class":58},[44,58074,75],{"class":62},[44,58076,58077],{"class":66},"bird",[44,58079,63],{"class":62},[44,58081,3759],{"class":58},[44,58083,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100,58102],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58085,1340],{"class":50},[44,58087,55],{"class":54},[44,58089,6297],{"class":50},[44,58091,108],{"class":58},[44,58093,41186],{"class":111},[44,58095,157],{"class":58},[44,58097,63],{"class":62},[44,58099,36971],{"class":66},[44,58101,63],{"class":62},[44,58103,162],{"class":58},[44,58105,58106],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,58107,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,58109,58110,58112,58114,58116],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,58111,154],{"class":153},[44,58113,157],{"class":58},[44,58115,1376],{"class":111},[44,58117,162],{"class":58},[20,58119,330],{},[35,58121,58122],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58123,58124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58125,58126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58127,17137],{"class":95},[1960,58129,58131],{"id":58130},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,58133,58135],{"className":37,"code":58134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58136,58137,58161,58179,58183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58138,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58140,3741],{"class":50},[44,58142,55],{"class":54},[44,58144,3746],{"class":58},[44,58146,3108],{"class":95},[44,58148,83],{"class":58},[44,58150,1012],{"class":95},[44,58152,83],{"class":58},[44,58154,1017],{"class":95},[44,58156,83],{"class":58},[44,58158,2574],{"class":95},[44,58160,3759],{"class":58},[44,58162,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58164,1340],{"class":50},[44,58166,55],{"class":54},[44,58168,4392],{"class":50},[44,58170,108],{"class":58},[44,58172,41186],{"class":111},[44,58174,157],{"class":58},[44,58176,2254],{"class":95},[44,58178,162],{"class":58},[44,58180,58181],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,58182,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,58184,58185,58187,58189,58191],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,58186,154],{"class":153},[44,58188,157],{"class":58},[44,58190,1376],{"class":111},[44,58192,162],{"class":58},[20,58194,330],{},[35,58196,58197],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58198,58199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58200,58201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58202,47181],{"class":95},[1960,58204,58206],{"id":58205},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,58208,58210],{"className":37,"code":58209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58211,58212,58258,58280,58284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58213,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58215,489],{"class":50},[44,58217,55],{"class":54},[44,58219,56226],{"class":58},[44,58221,3108],{"class":95},[44,58223,83],{"class":58},[44,58225,1012],{"class":95},[44,58227,18140],{"class":58},[44,58229,3746],{"class":58},[44,58231,3108],{"class":95},[44,58233,83],{"class":58},[44,58235,1012],{"class":95},[44,58237,18140],{"class":58},[44,58239,3746],{"class":58},[44,58241,2173],{"class":95},[44,58243,83],{"class":58},[44,58245,1017],{"class":95},[44,58247,18140],{"class":58},[44,58249,3746],{"class":58},[44,58251,3108],{"class":95},[44,58253,83],{"class":58},[44,58255,1012],{"class":95},[44,58257,53174],{"class":58},[44,58259,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58261,1340],{"class":50},[44,58263,55],{"class":54},[44,58265,14653],{"class":50},[44,58267,108],{"class":58},[44,58269,41186],{"class":111},[44,58271,3105],{"class":58},[44,58273,3108],{"class":95},[44,58275,83],{"class":58},[44,58277,1012],{"class":95},[44,58279,4015],{"class":58},[44,58281,58282],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,58283,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,58285,58286,58288,58290,58292],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,58287,154],{"class":153},[44,58289,157],{"class":58},[44,58291,1376],{"class":111},[44,58293,162],{"class":58},[20,58295,330],{},[35,58297,58298],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58299,58300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58301,58302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58303,46546],{"class":95},[30,58305,1551,58307],{"id":58306},"when-to-use-count",[15,58308,57223],{},[20,58310,172,58311,58313],{},[15,58312,57223],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58315,58316],{},"Good use cases:",[192,58318,58319,58322,58325],{},[195,58320,58321],{},"counting one specific item",[195,58323,58324],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[195,58326,58327],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58329,223],{},[35,58331,58333],{"className":37,"code":58332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58334,58335,58376,58400,58404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58336,58337,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350,58352,58354,58356,58358,58360,58362,58364,58366,58368,58370,58372,58374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58338,58339],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58341,55],{"class":54},[44,58343,3746],{"class":58},[44,58345,63],{"class":62},[44,58347,8788],{"class":66},[44,58349,63],{"class":62},[44,58351,83],{"class":58},[44,58353,75],{"class":62},[44,58355,8728],{"class":66},[44,58357,63],{"class":62},[44,58359,83],{"class":58},[44,58361,75],{"class":62},[44,58363,8788],{"class":66},[44,58365,63],{"class":62},[44,58367,83],{"class":58},[44,58369,75],{"class":62},[44,58371,8788],{"class":66},[44,58373,63],{"class":62},[44,58375,3759],{"class":58},[44,58377,58378,58381,58383,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58379,58380],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58382,55],{"class":54},[44,58384,58385],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58387,108],{"class":58},[44,58389,41186],{"class":111},[44,58391,157],{"class":58},[44,58393,63],{"class":62},[44,58395,8788],{"class":66},[44,58397,63],{"class":62},[44,58399,162],{"class":58},[44,58401,58402],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,58403,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,58405,58406,58408,58410,58413],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,58407,154],{"class":153},[44,58409,157],{"class":58},[44,58411,58412],{"class":111},"yes_votes",[44,58414,162],{"class":58},[20,58416,58417,58419],{},[15,58418,57223],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58421,58422,58423,4523,58425,108],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[395,58424,52703],{"href":50910},[395,58426,58428],{"href":58427},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58430,1803],{"id":1802},[20,58432,8578,58433,108],{},[15,58434,57228],{},[1960,58436,58438],{"id":58437},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58440,58441,58443],{},[15,58442,57228],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58445,58447],{"className":37,"code":58446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58448,58449,58482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58450,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58452,4198],{"class":50},[44,58454,55],{"class":54},[44,58456,3746],{"class":58},[44,58458,63],{"class":62},[44,58460,58461],{"class":66},"apple pie",[44,58463,63],{"class":62},[44,58465,83],{"class":58},[44,58467,75],{"class":62},[44,58469,4216],{"class":66},[44,58471,63],{"class":62},[44,58473,83],{"class":58},[44,58475,75],{"class":62},[44,58477,58461],{"class":66},[44,58479,63],{"class":62},[44,58481,3759],{"class":58},[44,58483,58484,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58485,154],{"class":153},[44,58487,157],{"class":58},[44,58489,4242],{"class":111},[44,58491,108],{"class":58},[44,58493,41186],{"class":111},[44,58495,157],{"class":58},[44,58497,63],{"class":62},[44,58499,4207],{"class":66},[44,58501,63],{"class":62},[44,58503,5491],{"class":58},[44,58505,51178],{"class":168},[20,58507,2606,58508,2610],{},[15,58509,2237],{},[20,58511,29127,58512,58514,58515,108],{},[15,58513,57766],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58516,58517],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58519,58520,58521,108],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58522,58523],{},"str.count()",[1960,58525,1821,58527,8586,58529,2997,58531],{"id":58526},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58528,57223],{},[15,58530,3726],{},[15,58532,3799],{},[20,58534,58535,58537],{},[15,58536,57223],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58539,58541],{"className":37,"code":58540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58542,58543,58567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58544,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553,58555,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58546,3741],{"class":50},[44,58548,55],{"class":54},[44,58550,3746],{"class":58},[44,58552,3108],{"class":95},[44,58554,83],{"class":58},[44,58556,1012],{"class":95},[44,58558,83],{"class":58},[44,58560,1012],{"class":95},[44,58562,83],{"class":58},[44,58564,1017],{"class":95},[44,58566,3759],{"class":58},[44,58568,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581,58583,58585],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58570,154],{"class":153},[44,58572,157],{"class":58},[44,58574,3773],{"class":111},[44,58576,108],{"class":58},[44,58578,41186],{"class":111},[44,58580,157],{"class":58},[44,58582,2173],{"class":95},[44,58584,5491],{"class":58},[44,58586,51346],{"class":168},[20,58588,58589],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58591,58593],{"className":37,"code":58592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58594,58595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58596,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58598,154],{"class":153},[44,58600,157],{"class":58},[44,58602,2173],{"class":95},[44,58604,21245],{"class":4002},[44,58606,4392],{"class":111},[44,58608,3786],{"class":58},[44,58610,3789],{"class":168},[1960,58612,58614],{"id":58613},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58616,58618],{"className":37,"code":58617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58619,58620,58653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58621,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58649,58651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58623,5126],{"class":50},[44,58625,55],{"class":54},[44,58627,3746],{"class":58},[44,58629,63],{"class":62},[44,58631,470],{"class":66},[44,58633,63],{"class":62},[44,58635,83],{"class":58},[44,58637,75],{"class":62},[44,58639,20290],{"class":66},[44,58641,63],{"class":62},[44,58643,83],{"class":58},[44,58645,75],{"class":62},[44,58647,58648],{"class":66},"SAM",[44,58650,63],{"class":62},[44,58652,3759],{"class":58},[44,58654,58655,58657,58659,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58656,154],{"class":153},[44,58658,157],{"class":58},[44,58660,5170],{"class":111},[44,58662,108],{"class":58},[44,58664,41186],{"class":111},[44,58666,157],{"class":58},[44,58668,63],{"class":62},[44,58670,20290],{"class":66},[44,58672,63],{"class":62},[44,58674,5491],{"class":58},[44,58676,27848],{"class":168},[20,58678,58679,58680,58683],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58681,58682],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1960,58685,29716,58687,33468],{"id":58686},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58688,57223],{},[20,58690,58691],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58693,58695],{"className":37,"code":58694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58696,58697,58707,58721,58739,58753,58765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58698,58699,58701,58703,58705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58700,154],{"class":153},[44,58702,157],{"class":58},[44,58704,8470],{"class":111},[44,58706,162],{"class":58},[44,58708,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,58710,154],{"class":153},[44,58712,157],{"class":58},[44,58714,1862],{"class":1861},[44,58716,157],{"class":58},[44,58718,8470],{"class":111},[44,58720,1869],{"class":58},[44,58722,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,58724,154],{"class":153},[44,58726,157],{"class":58},[44,58728,8470],{"class":111},[44,58730,108],{"class":58},[44,58732,41186],{"class":111},[44,58734,157],{"class":58},[44,58736,2590],{"class":111},[44,58738,1869],{"class":58},[44,58740,58741,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,58742,154],{"class":153},[44,58744,157],{"class":58},[44,58746,2564],{"class":111},[44,58748,4009],{"class":4002},[44,58750,8527],{"class":111},[44,58752,162],{"class":58},[44,58754,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,58756,6087],{"class":4002},[44,58758,6090],{"class":50},[44,58760,4009],{"class":4002},[44,58762,8527],{"class":50},[44,58764,6523],{"class":58},[44,58766,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,58768,8200],{"class":153},[44,58770,157],{"class":58},[44,58772,41706],{"class":153},[44,58774,157],{"class":58},[44,58776,23381],{"class":111},[44,58778,1869],{"class":58},[20,58780,58781],{},"These checks can help you see:",[192,58783,58784,58787,58790],{},[195,58785,58786],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[195,58788,58789],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[195,58791,58792],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58794,58795],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[192,58797,58798,58803,58806,58813],{},[195,58799,50422,58800,58802],{},[15,58801,57223],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[195,58804,58805],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[195,58807,11216,58808,58810,58811],{},[15,58809,57228],{}," with string ",[15,58812,57223],{},[195,58814,58815],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,58817,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,58819,1963,58821,58823],{"id":58820},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58822,57228],{}," change the list?",[20,58825,58826],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1960,58828,58830],{"id":58829},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58832,12015,58833,108],{},[15,58834,2237],{},[1960,58836,1984,58838,58840],{"id":58837},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58839,57228],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58842,58843],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1960,58845,14989,58847,58849],{"id":58846},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58848,57228],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58851,42079,58852,4523,58854,58856],{},[15,58853,57769],{},[15,58855,57766],{}," are different values.",[1960,58858,5288,58860,58862,58863,2610],{"id":58859},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58861,3726],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58864,3108],{},[20,58866,8916,58867,58869,58870,4523,58872,58869,58874,108],{},[15,58868,3726],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58871,3108],{},[15,58873,3799],{},[15,58875,2237],{},[30,58877,2020],{"id":2019},[192,58879,58880,58884,58890,58894,58902,58909],{},[195,58881,58882],{},[395,58883,52703],{"href":50910},[195,58885,58886],{},[395,58887,58889],{"href":58888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[195,58891,58892],{},[395,58893,7066],{"href":6326},[195,58895,58896],{},[395,58897,55452,58899,10852],{"href":58898},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58900,58901],{},"index()",[195,58903,58904],{},[395,58905,3697,58907],{"href":58906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58908,42288],{},[195,58910,58911],{},[395,58912,58913],{"href":58427},"What is a list in Python",[2048,58915,58916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":58918},[58919,58920,58922,58923,58924,58930,58936,58938,58946,58957],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":57320,"depth":102,"text":58921},"What list.count() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":37944,"depth":102,"text":37945},{"id":57642,"depth":102,"text":57643,"children":58925},[58926,58927,58929],{"id":57674,"depth":150,"text":57675},{"id":57773,"depth":150,"text":58928},"1 and True can match",{"id":57872,"depth":150,"text":57873},{"id":57950,"depth":102,"text":57951,"children":58931},[58932,58933,58934,58935],{"id":57954,"depth":150,"text":57955},{"id":58033,"depth":150,"text":58034},{"id":58130,"depth":150,"text":58131},{"id":58205,"depth":150,"text":58206},{"id":58306,"depth":102,"text":58937},"When to use count()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":58939},[58940,58941,58943,58944],{"id":58437,"depth":150,"text":58438},{"id":58526,"depth":150,"text":58942},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58613,"depth":150,"text":58614},{"id":58686,"depth":150,"text":58945},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":58947},[58948,58950,58951,58953,58955],{"id":58820,"depth":150,"text":58949},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58829,"depth":150,"text":58830},{"id":58837,"depth":150,"text":58952},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58846,"depth":150,"text":58954},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58859,"depth":150,"text":58956},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57215,"description":58958},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58965,"title":58966,"body":58967,"description":60930,"extension":2080,"meta":60931,"navigation":682,"path":60932,"seo":60933,"stem":60934,"__hash__":60935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58968,"toc":60893},[58969,58972,58975,58977,59105,59109,59190,59201,59203,59222,59226,59229,59232,59250,59252,59295,59299,59324,59333,59337,59342,59345,59462,59466,59535,59539,59551,59555,59558,59599,59603,59616,59619,59704,59708,59741,59748,59754,59759,59761,59773,59777,59810,59814,59846,59850,59887,59891,59911,59915,59949,59953,59982,59993,59997,60000,60003,60016,60073,60077,60116,60122,60125,60127,60130,60134,60137,60162,60164,60189,60196,60199,60244,60248,60267,60270,60309,60316,60321,60355,60359,60460,60467,60500,60504,60530,60534,60537,60575,60578,60615,60619,60622,60641,60645,60706,60708,60726,60730,60733,60736,60765,60767,60771,60774,60782,60786,60789,60809,60815,60821,60825,60828,60835,60843,60845,60884,60890],[10,58970,58966],{"id":58971},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58973,58974],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,58976,3731],{"id":3730},[35,58978,58980],{"className":37,"code":58979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58981,58982,59002,59034,59042,59060,59064,59074,59084,59095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58983,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992,58994,58996,58998,59000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58985,3741],{"class":50},[44,58987,55],{"class":54},[44,58989,3746],{"class":58},[44,58991,3108],{"class":95},[44,58993,83],{"class":58},[44,58995,1012],{"class":95},[44,58997,83],{"class":58},[44,58999,1017],{"class":95},[44,59001,3759],{"class":58},[44,59003,59004,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022,59024,59026,59028,59030,59032],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59005,5126],{"class":50},[44,59007,55],{"class":54},[44,59009,3746],{"class":58},[44,59011,63],{"class":62},[44,59013,78],{"class":66},[44,59015,63],{"class":62},[44,59017,83],{"class":58},[44,59019,75],{"class":62},[44,59021,35863],{"class":66},[44,59023,63],{"class":62},[44,59025,83],{"class":58},[44,59027,75],{"class":62},[44,59029,35872],{"class":66},[44,59031,63],{"class":62},[44,59033,3759],{"class":58},[44,59035,59036,59038,59040],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59037,55863],{"class":50},[44,59039,55],{"class":54},[44,59041,7969],{"class":58},[44,59043,59044,59046,59048,59050,59052,59054,59056,59058],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,59045,36013],{"class":50},[44,59047,55],{"class":54},[44,59049,22630],{"class":1861},[44,59051,157],{"class":58},[44,59053,63],{"class":62},[44,59055,41487],{"class":66},[44,59057,63],{"class":62},[44,59059,162],{"class":58},[44,59061,59062],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,59063,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,59065,59066,59068,59070,59072],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,59067,154],{"class":153},[44,59069,157],{"class":58},[44,59071,3773],{"class":111},[44,59073,162],{"class":58},[44,59075,59076,59078,59080,59082],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,59077,154],{"class":153},[44,59079,157],{"class":58},[44,59081,5170],{"class":111},[44,59083,162],{"class":58},[44,59085,59086,59088,59090,59093],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,59087,154],{"class":153},[44,59089,157],{"class":58},[44,59091,59092],{"class":111},"empty_list",[44,59094,162],{"class":58},[44,59096,59097,59099,59101,59103],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,59098,154],{"class":153},[44,59100,157],{"class":58},[44,59102,36066],{"class":111},[44,59104,162],{"class":58},[20,59106,59107],{},[3868,59108,330],{},[35,59110,59112],{"className":37,"code":59111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59113,59114,59130,59158,59162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59115,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59117,4027],{"class":58},[44,59119,3108],{"class":95},[44,59121,83],{"class":58},[44,59123,1012],{"class":95},[44,59125,83],{"class":58},[44,59127,1017],{"class":95},[44,59129,3759],{"class":58},[44,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59133,4027],{"class":58},[44,59135,343],{"class":62},[44,59137,78],{"class":66},[44,59139,343],{"class":62},[44,59141,83],{"class":58},[44,59143,352],{"class":62},[44,59145,35863],{"class":66},[44,59147,343],{"class":62},[44,59149,83],{"class":58},[44,59151,352],{"class":62},[44,59153,35872],{"class":66},[44,59155,343],{"class":62},[44,59157,3759],{"class":58},[44,59159,59160],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59161,38222],{"class":58},[44,59163,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,59165,4027],{"class":58},[44,59167,343],{"class":62},[44,59169,395],{"class":66},[44,59171,343],{"class":62},[44,59173,83],{"class":58},[44,59175,352],{"class":62},[44,59177,1005],{"class":66},[44,59179,343],{"class":62},[44,59181,83],{"class":58},[44,59183,352],{"class":62},[44,59185,9855],{"class":66},[44,59187,343],{"class":62},[44,59189,3759],{"class":58},[20,59191,59192,59193,59195,59196,59198,59199,108],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59194,3912],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59197,24849],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59200,36121],{},[30,59202,15248],{"id":15247},[192,59204,59205,59208,59211,59214,59219],{},[195,59206,59207],{},"What a list is in Python",[195,59209,59210],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[195,59212,59213],{},"How to create an empty list",[195,59215,59216,59217,2420],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59218,24849],{},[195,59220,59221],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,59223,59225],{"id":59224},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59227,59228],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59230,59231],{},"This means:",[192,59233,59234,59237,59240,59243],{},[195,59235,59236],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[195,59238,59239],{},"The order of items is kept",[195,59241,59242],{},"A list can hold different data types",[195,59244,59245,59246,59249],{},"A list is ",[3868,59247,59248],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59251,223],{},[35,59253,59255],{"className":37,"code":59254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59256,59257,59281,59285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59258,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275,59277,59279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59260,7910],{"class":50},[44,59262,55],{"class":54},[44,59264,3746],{"class":58},[44,59266,63],{"class":62},[44,59268,4207],{"class":66},[44,59270,63],{"class":62},[44,59272,83],{"class":58},[44,59274,528],{"class":95},[44,59276,83],{"class":58},[44,59278,4043],{"class":1400},[44,59280,3759],{"class":58},[44,59282,59283],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59284,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,59286,59287,59289,59291,59293],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59288,154],{"class":153},[44,59290,157],{"class":58},[44,59292,7940],{"class":111},[44,59294,162],{"class":58},[20,59296,59297],{},[3868,59298,330],{},[35,59300,59302],{"className":37,"code":59301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59303,59304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59305,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59307,4027],{"class":58},[44,59309,343],{"class":62},[44,59311,4207],{"class":66},[44,59313,343],{"class":62},[44,59315,83],{"class":58},[44,59317,528],{"class":95},[44,59319,83],{"class":58},[44,59321,4043],{"class":1400},[44,59323,3759],{"class":58},[20,59325,59326,59327,2997,59330,108],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[395,59328,59329],{"href":50910},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[395,59331,59332],{"href":58427},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59334,59336],{"id":59335},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59338,59192,59339,59341],{},[15,59340,3912],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59343,59344],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59346,59348],{"className":37,"code":59347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59349,59350,59370,59402,59427,59431,59441,59451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59351,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59353,3741],{"class":50},[44,59355,55],{"class":54},[44,59357,3746],{"class":58},[44,59359,3108],{"class":95},[44,59361,83],{"class":58},[44,59363,1012],{"class":95},[44,59365,83],{"class":58},[44,59367,1017],{"class":95},[44,59369,3759],{"class":58},[44,59371,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59373,5126],{"class":50},[44,59375,55],{"class":54},[44,59377,3746],{"class":58},[44,59379,63],{"class":62},[44,59381,78],{"class":66},[44,59383,63],{"class":62},[44,59385,83],{"class":58},[44,59387,75],{"class":62},[44,59389,35863],{"class":66},[44,59391,63],{"class":62},[44,59393,83],{"class":58},[44,59395,75],{"class":62},[44,59397,35872],{"class":66},[44,59399,63],{"class":62},[44,59401,3759],{"class":58},[44,59403,59404,59407,59409,59411,59413,59415,59417,59419,59421,59423,59425],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59405,59406],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59408,55],{"class":54},[44,59410,3746],{"class":58},[44,59412,2448],{"class":95},[44,59414,83],{"class":58},[44,59416,75],{"class":62},[44,59418,3971],{"class":66},[44,59420,63],{"class":62},[44,59422,83],{"class":58},[44,59424,4034],{"class":1400},[44,59426,3759],{"class":58},[44,59428,59429],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,59430,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,59432,59433,59435,59437,59439],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,59434,154],{"class":153},[44,59436,157],{"class":58},[44,59438,3773],{"class":111},[44,59440,162],{"class":58},[44,59442,59443,59445,59447,59449],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,59444,154],{"class":153},[44,59446,157],{"class":58},[44,59448,5170],{"class":111},[44,59450,162],{"class":58},[44,59452,59453,59455,59457,59460],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,59454,154],{"class":153},[44,59456,157],{"class":58},[44,59458,59459],{"class":111},"mixed",[44,59461,162],{"class":58},[20,59463,59464],{},[3868,59465,330],{},[35,59467,59469],{"className":37,"code":59468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59470,59471,59487,59515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59472,59473,59475,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59474,4027],{"class":58},[44,59476,3108],{"class":95},[44,59478,83],{"class":58},[44,59480,1012],{"class":95},[44,59482,83],{"class":58},[44,59484,1017],{"class":95},[44,59486,3759],{"class":58},[44,59488,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59490,4027],{"class":58},[44,59492,343],{"class":62},[44,59494,78],{"class":66},[44,59496,343],{"class":62},[44,59498,83],{"class":58},[44,59500,352],{"class":62},[44,59502,35863],{"class":66},[44,59504,343],{"class":62},[44,59506,83],{"class":58},[44,59508,352],{"class":62},[44,59510,35872],{"class":66},[44,59512,343],{"class":62},[44,59514,3759],{"class":58},[44,59516,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59518,4027],{"class":58},[44,59520,2448],{"class":95},[44,59522,83],{"class":58},[44,59524,352],{"class":62},[44,59526,3971],{"class":66},[44,59528,343],{"class":62},[44,59530,83],{"class":58},[44,59532,4034],{"class":1400},[44,59534,3759],{"class":58},[1960,59536,59538],{"id":59537},"key-points","Key points",[192,59540,59541,59546,59548],{},[195,59542,172,59543,59545],{},[15,59544,3912],{}," to make a new list",[195,59547,15518],{},[195,59549,59550],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59552,59554],{"id":59553},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59556,59557],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59559,59561],{"className":37,"code":59560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59562,59563,59571,59575,59585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59564,59565,59567,59569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59566,8439],{"class":50},[44,59568,55],{"class":54},[44,59570,7969],{"class":58},[44,59572,59573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59574,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,59576,59577,59579,59581,59583],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59578,154],{"class":153},[44,59580,157],{"class":58},[44,59582,8470],{"class":111},[44,59584,162],{"class":58},[44,59586,59587,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,59588,154],{"class":153},[44,59590,157],{"class":58},[44,59592,11271],{"class":153},[44,59594,157],{"class":58},[44,59596,8470],{"class":111},[44,59598,1869],{"class":58},[20,59600,59601],{},[3868,59602,330],{},[35,59604,59606],{"className":37,"code":59605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59607,59608,59612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59609,59610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59611,38222],{"class":58},[44,59613,59614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59615,47181],{"class":95},[20,59617,59618],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59620,59622],{"className":37,"code":59621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59623,59624,59632,59636,59654,59672,59690,59694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59625,59626,59628,59630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59627,5126],{"class":50},[44,59629,55],{"class":54},[44,59631,7969],{"class":58},[44,59633,59634],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59635,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,59637,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,59639,5170],{"class":50},[44,59641,108],{"class":58},[44,59643,13646],{"class":111},[44,59645,157],{"class":58},[44,59647,63],{"class":62},[44,59649,78],{"class":66},[44,59651,63],{"class":62},[44,59653,162],{"class":58},[44,59655,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,59657,5170],{"class":50},[44,59659,108],{"class":58},[44,59661,13646],{"class":111},[44,59663,157],{"class":58},[44,59665,63],{"class":62},[44,59667,35863],{"class":66},[44,59669,63],{"class":62},[44,59671,162],{"class":58},[44,59673,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,59675,5170],{"class":50},[44,59677,108],{"class":58},[44,59679,13646],{"class":111},[44,59681,157],{"class":58},[44,59683,63],{"class":62},[44,59685,35872],{"class":66},[44,59687,63],{"class":62},[44,59689,162],{"class":58},[44,59691,59692],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,59693,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,59695,59696,59698,59700,59702],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,59697,154],{"class":153},[44,59699,157],{"class":58},[44,59701,5170],{"class":111},[44,59703,162],{"class":58},[20,59705,59706],{},[3868,59707,330],{},[35,59709,59711],{"className":37,"code":59710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59712,59713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59714,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59716,4027],{"class":58},[44,59718,343],{"class":62},[44,59720,78],{"class":66},[44,59722,343],{"class":62},[44,59724,83],{"class":58},[44,59726,352],{"class":62},[44,59728,35863],{"class":66},[44,59730,343],{"class":62},[44,59732,83],{"class":58},[44,59734,352],{"class":62},[44,59736,35872],{"class":66},[44,59738,343],{"class":62},[44,59740,3759],{"class":58},[20,59742,59743,59744,108],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[395,59745,59746,10852],{"href":56701},[15,59747,52584],{},[30,59749,59751,59752],{"id":59750},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59753,24849],{},[20,59755,172,59756,59758],{},[15,59757,24849],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59760,5587],{},[192,59762,59763,59765,59767,59769],{},[195,59764,5438],{},[195,59766,5432],{},[195,59768,5435],{},[195,59770,59771],{},[15,59772,36121],{},[1960,59774,59776],{"id":59775},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59778,59780],{"className":37,"code":59779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59781,59782,59800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59783,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59785,36013],{"class":50},[44,59787,55],{"class":54},[44,59789,22630],{"class":1861},[44,59791,157],{"class":58},[44,59793,63],{"class":62},[44,59795,41487],{"class":66},[44,59797,63],{"class":62},[44,59799,162],{"class":58},[44,59801,59802,59804,59806,59808],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59803,154],{"class":153},[44,59805,157],{"class":58},[44,59807,36066],{"class":111},[44,59809,162],{"class":58},[20,59811,59812],{},[3868,59813,330],{},[35,59815,59816],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59817,59818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59819,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59821,4027],{"class":58},[44,59823,343],{"class":62},[44,59825,395],{"class":66},[44,59827,343],{"class":62},[44,59829,83],{"class":58},[44,59831,352],{"class":62},[44,59833,1005],{"class":66},[44,59835,343],{"class":62},[44,59837,83],{"class":58},[44,59839,352],{"class":62},[44,59841,9855],{"class":66},[44,59843,343],{"class":62},[44,59845,3759],{"class":58},[1960,59847,59849],{"id":59848},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59851,59853],{"className":37,"code":59852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59854,59855,59877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59856,59857,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59858,3741],{"class":50},[44,59860,55],{"class":54},[44,59862,22630],{"class":1861},[44,59864,5640],{"class":58},[44,59866,3108],{"class":95},[44,59868,83],{"class":58},[44,59870,1012],{"class":95},[44,59872,83],{"class":58},[44,59874,1017],{"class":95},[44,59876,1869],{"class":58},[44,59878,59879,59881,59883,59885],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59880,154],{"class":153},[44,59882,157],{"class":58},[44,59884,3773],{"class":111},[44,59886,162],{"class":58},[20,59888,59889],{},[3868,59890,330],{},[35,59892,59893],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59894,59895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59896,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59898,4027],{"class":58},[44,59900,3108],{"class":95},[44,59902,83],{"class":58},[44,59904,1012],{"class":95},[44,59906,83],{"class":58},[44,59908,1017],{"class":95},[44,59910,3759],{"class":58},[1960,59912,59914],{"id":59913},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59916,59918],{"className":37,"code":59917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59919,59920,59939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59933,59935,59937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59923,3948],{"class":50},[44,59925,55],{"class":54},[44,59927,22630],{"class":1861},[44,59929,157],{"class":58},[44,59931,59932],{"class":153},"range",[44,59934,157],{"class":58},[44,59936,2254],{"class":95},[44,59938,1869],{"class":58},[44,59940,59941,59943,59945,59947],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,59942,154],{"class":153},[44,59944,157],{"class":58},[44,59946,5488],{"class":111},[44,59948,162],{"class":58},[20,59950,59951],{},[3868,59952,330],{},[35,59954,59956],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59957,59958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59959,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972,59974,59976,59978,59980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59961,4027],{"class":58},[44,59963,2237],{"class":95},[44,59965,83],{"class":58},[44,59967,504],{"class":95},[44,59969,83],{"class":58},[44,59971,1012],{"class":95},[44,59973,83],{"class":58},[44,59975,1017],{"class":95},[44,59977,83],{"class":58},[44,59979,2574],{"class":95},[44,59981,3759],{"class":58},[20,59983,59984,59986,59987,108],{},[15,59985,24849],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[395,59988,59990,59992],{"href":59989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59991,24849],{},": Function Explained",[30,59994,59996],{"id":59995},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59998,59999],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60001,60002],{},"Examples include:",[192,60004,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013],{},[195,60006,5438],{},[195,60008,40350],{},[195,60010,51977],{},[195,60012,40520],{},[195,60014,60015],{},"other lists",[35,60017,60019],{"className":37,"code":60018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60020,60021,60059,60063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60022,60023,60025,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60039,60041,60043,60045,60047,60049,60051,60053,60055,60057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60024,489],{"class":50},[44,60026,55],{"class":54},[44,60028,3746],{"class":58},[44,60030,63],{"class":62},[44,60032,78],{"class":66},[44,60034,63],{"class":62},[44,60036,83],{"class":58},[44,60038,1164],{"class":95},[44,60040,83],{"class":58},[44,60042,4043],{"class":1400},[44,60044,83],{"class":58},[44,60046,3746],{"class":58},[44,60048,3108],{"class":95},[44,60050,83],{"class":58},[44,60052,1012],{"class":95},[44,60054,83],{"class":58},[44,60056,1017],{"class":95},[44,60058,53174],{"class":58},[44,60060,60061],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60062,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,60064,60065,60067,60069,60071],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,60066,154],{"class":153},[44,60068,157],{"class":58},[44,60070,511],{"class":111},[44,60072,162],{"class":58},[20,60074,60075],{},[3868,60076,330],{},[35,60078,60080],{"className":37,"code":60079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60081,60082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60083,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60085,4027],{"class":58},[44,60087,343],{"class":62},[44,60089,78],{"class":66},[44,60091,343],{"class":62},[44,60093,83],{"class":58},[44,60095,1164],{"class":95},[44,60097,83],{"class":58},[44,60099,4043],{"class":1400},[44,60101,83],{"class":58},[44,60103,3746],{"class":58},[44,60105,3108],{"class":95},[44,60107,83],{"class":58},[44,60109,1012],{"class":95},[44,60111,83],{"class":58},[44,60113,1017],{"class":95},[44,60115,53174],{"class":58},[20,60117,60118,60119,108],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3868,60120,60121],{},"nested list",[20,60123,60124],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,60126,4649],{"id":4648},[20,60128,60129],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1960,60131,60133],{"id":60132},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60135,60136],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,60138,60140],{"className":37,"code":60139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60141,60142,60146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60143,60144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60145,4666],{"class":168},[44,60147,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60158,60160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60149,3741],{"class":50},[44,60151,55],{"class":54},[44,60153,3746],{"class":58},[44,60155,3108],{"class":95},[44,60157,1012],{"class":95},[44,60159,1017],{"class":95},[44,60161,3759],{"class":58},[20,60163,10918],{},[35,60165,60167],{"className":37,"code":60166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60168,60169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60170,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60172,3741],{"class":50},[44,60174,55],{"class":54},[44,60176,3746],{"class":58},[44,60178,3108],{"class":95},[44,60180,83],{"class":58},[44,60182,1012],{"class":95},[44,60184,83],{"class":58},[44,60186,1017],{"class":95},[44,60188,3759],{"class":58},[1960,60190,567,60192,11202,60194],{"id":60191},"using-instead-of",[15,60193,7497],{},[15,60195,3912],{},[20,60197,60198],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,60200,60202],{"className":37,"code":60201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60203,60204,60225,60229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60205,60206,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60207,60208],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,60210,55],{"class":54},[44,60212,857],{"class":58},[44,60214,3108],{"class":95},[44,60216,83],{"class":58},[44,60218,1012],{"class":95},[44,60220,83],{"class":58},[44,60222,1017],{"class":95},[44,60224,162],{"class":58},[44,60226,60227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60228,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,60230,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60242],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,60232,154],{"class":153},[44,60234,157],{"class":58},[44,60236,1862],{"class":1861},[44,60238,157],{"class":58},[44,60240,60241],{"class":111},"my_values",[44,60243,1869],{"class":58},[20,60245,60246],{},[3868,60247,330],{},[35,60249,60251],{"className":37,"code":60250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60252,60253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60254,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60256,3411],{"class":54},[44,60258,3414],{"class":2182},[44,60260,352],{"class":62},[44,60262,48883],{"class":66},[44,60264,343],{"class":62},[44,60266,3423],{"class":54},[20,60268,60269],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,60271,60273],{"className":37,"code":60272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60274,60275,60295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60276,60277,60279,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60278,60208],{"class":50},[44,60280,55],{"class":54},[44,60282,3746],{"class":58},[44,60284,3108],{"class":95},[44,60286,83],{"class":58},[44,60288,1012],{"class":95},[44,60290,83],{"class":58},[44,60292,1017],{"class":95},[44,60294,3759],{"class":58},[44,60296,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60298,154],{"class":153},[44,60300,157],{"class":58},[44,60302,1862],{"class":1861},[44,60304,157],{"class":58},[44,60306,60241],{"class":111},[44,60308,1869],{"class":58},[1960,60310,1821,60312,60315],{"id":60311},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60313,60314],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60317,60318,60320],{},[15,60319,24849],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60322,60324],{"className":37,"code":60323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60325,60326,60345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60327,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60341,60343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60329,1340],{"class":50},[44,60331,55],{"class":54},[44,60333,22630],{"class":1861},[44,60335,157],{"class":58},[44,60337,63],{"class":62},[44,60339,60340],{"class":66},"hello world",[44,60342,63],{"class":62},[44,60344,162],{"class":58},[44,60346,60347,60349,60351,60353],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60348,154],{"class":153},[44,60350,157],{"class":58},[44,60352,1376],{"class":111},[44,60354,162],{"class":58},[20,60356,60357],{},[3868,60358,330],{},[35,60360,60362],{"className":37,"code":60361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60363,60364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60365,60366,60368,60370,60373,60375,60377,60379,60382,60384,60386,60388,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60408,60410,60412,60414,60416,60418,60420,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60440,60442,60444,60446,60448,60450,60452,60454,60456,60458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60367,4027],{"class":58},[44,60369,343],{"class":62},[44,60371,60372],{"class":66},"h",[44,60374,343],{"class":62},[44,60376,83],{"class":58},[44,60378,352],{"class":62},[44,60380,60381],{"class":66},"e",[44,60383,343],{"class":62},[44,60385,83],{"class":58},[44,60387,352],{"class":62},[44,60389,60390],{"class":66},"l",[44,60392,343],{"class":62},[44,60394,83],{"class":58},[44,60396,352],{"class":62},[44,60398,60390],{"class":66},[44,60400,343],{"class":62},[44,60402,83],{"class":58},[44,60404,352],{"class":62},[44,60406,60407],{"class":66},"o",[44,60409,343],{"class":62},[44,60411,83],{"class":58},[44,60413,352],{"class":62},[44,60415,352],{"class":62},[44,60417,83],{"class":58},[44,60419,352],{"class":62},[44,60421,60422],{"class":66},"w",[44,60424,343],{"class":62},[44,60426,83],{"class":58},[44,60428,352],{"class":62},[44,60430,60407],{"class":66},[44,60432,343],{"class":62},[44,60434,83],{"class":58},[44,60436,352],{"class":62},[44,60438,60439],{"class":66},"r",[44,60441,343],{"class":62},[44,60443,83],{"class":58},[44,60445,352],{"class":62},[44,60447,60390],{"class":66},[44,60449,343],{"class":62},[44,60451,83],{"class":58},[44,60453,352],{"class":62},[44,60455,18844],{"class":66},[44,60457,343],{"class":62},[44,60459,3759],{"class":58},[20,60461,60462,60463,60466],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60464,60465],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60468,60470],{"className":37,"code":60469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60471,60472,60490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60473,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60475,4198],{"class":50},[44,60477,55],{"class":54},[44,60479,75],{"class":62},[44,60481,60340],{"class":66},[44,60483,63],{"class":62},[44,60485,108],{"class":58},[44,60487,34389],{"class":111},[44,60489,1635],{"class":58},[44,60491,60492,60494,60496,60498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60493,154],{"class":153},[44,60495,157],{"class":58},[44,60497,4242],{"class":111},[44,60499,162],{"class":58},[20,60501,60502],{},[3868,60503,330],{},[35,60505,60507],{"className":37,"code":60506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60508,60509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60510,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60526,60528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60512,4027],{"class":58},[44,60514,343],{"class":62},[44,60516,3971],{"class":66},[44,60518,343],{"class":62},[44,60520,83],{"class":58},[44,60522,352],{"class":62},[44,60524,60525],{"class":66},"world",[44,60527,343],{"class":62},[44,60529,3759],{"class":58},[1960,60531,60533],{"id":60532},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60535,60536],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60538,60540],{"className":37,"code":60539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60541,60542,60546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60543,60544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60545,4666],{"class":168},[44,60547,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60567,60569,60571,60573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60549,5126],{"class":50},[44,60551,55],{"class":54},[44,60553,3746],{"class":58},[44,60555,63],{"class":62},[44,60557,78],{"class":66},[44,60559,63],{"class":62},[44,60561,83],{"class":58},[44,60563,75],{"class":62},[44,60565,60566],{"class":66},"Ben', ",[44,60568,63],{"class":62},[44,60570,35872],{"class":50},[44,60572,63],{"class":62},[44,60574,3759],{"class":66},[20,60576,60577],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60579,60581],{"className":37,"code":60580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60582,60583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60584,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601,60603,60605,60607,60609,60611,60613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60586,5126],{"class":50},[44,60588,55],{"class":54},[44,60590,3746],{"class":58},[44,60592,63],{"class":62},[44,60594,78],{"class":66},[44,60596,63],{"class":62},[44,60598,83],{"class":58},[44,60600,75],{"class":62},[44,60602,35863],{"class":66},[44,60604,63],{"class":62},[44,60606,83],{"class":58},[44,60608,75],{"class":62},[44,60610,35872],{"class":66},[44,60612,63],{"class":62},[44,60614,3759],{"class":58},[1960,60616,60618],{"id":60617},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60620,60621],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[192,60623,60624,60627,60630,60635],{},[195,60625,60626],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[195,60628,60629],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[195,60631,60632,60633],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60634,24849],{},[195,60636,1821,60637,60640],{},[15,60638,60639],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1960,60642,60644],{"id":60643},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60646,60648],{"className":37,"code":60647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60649,60650,60660,60674,60688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60651,60652,60654,60656,60658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60653,154],{"class":153},[44,60655,157],{"class":58},[44,60657,8470],{"class":111},[44,60659,162],{"class":58},[44,60661,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60663,154],{"class":153},[44,60665,157],{"class":58},[44,60667,1862],{"class":1861},[44,60669,157],{"class":58},[44,60671,8470],{"class":111},[44,60673,1869],{"class":58},[44,60675,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,60677,154],{"class":153},[44,60679,157],{"class":58},[44,60681,11271],{"class":153},[44,60683,157],{"class":58},[44,60685,8470],{"class":111},[44,60687,1869],{"class":58},[44,60689,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,60691,154],{"class":153},[44,60693,157],{"class":58},[44,60695,1878],{"class":1861},[44,60697,157],{"class":58},[44,60699,59932],{"class":153},[44,60701,157],{"class":58},[44,60703,2254],{"class":95},[44,60705,3031],{"class":58},[20,60707,26077],{},[192,60709,60710,60713,60716,60719],{},[195,60711,60712],{},"what the list contains",[195,60714,60715],{},"whether the value is really a list",[195,60717,60718],{},"how many items it has",[195,60720,26088,60721,60723,60724],{},[15,60722,24849],{}," does with ",[15,60725,36121],{},[30,60727,60729],{"id":60728},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60731,60732],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60734,60735],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[192,60737,60738,60753,60758],{},[195,60739,172,60740,2307,60744,17153,60748,60752],{},[395,60741,60742],{"href":56701},[15,60743,52584],{},[395,60745,60746],{"href":53276},[15,60747,53378],{},[395,60749,60750],{"href":53840},[15,60751,54200],{}," to add items later",[195,60754,172,60755,60757],{},[395,60756,59329],{"href":50910}," for a broader introduction",[195,60759,172,60760,60764],{},[395,60761,60762,59992],{"href":59989},[15,60763,24849],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60766,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,60768,60770],{"id":60769},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60772,60773],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60775,60776],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60777,60778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60779,60780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60781,38222],{"class":58},[1960,60783,60785],{"id":60784},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60787,60788],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60790,60791],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60792,60793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60794,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60796,4027],{"class":58},[44,60798,3108],{"class":95},[44,60800,83],{"class":58},[44,60802,1012],{"class":95},[44,60804,83],{"class":58},[44,60806,1017],{"class":95},[44,60808,3759],{"class":58},[1960,60810,5273,60812,60814],{"id":60811},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60813,24849],{}," do in Python?",[20,60816,60817,60818,60820],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60819,36121],{},", into a list.",[1960,60822,60824],{"id":60823},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60826,60827],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1960,60829,2007,60831,4523,60833,2610],{"id":60830},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60832,3912],{},[15,60834,7497],{},[20,60836,60837,60839,60840,60842],{},[15,60838,3912],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60841,7497],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,60844,2020],{"id":2019},[192,60846,60847,60851,60857,60863,60869,60875,60879],{},[195,60848,60849],{},[395,60850,59329],{"href":50910},[195,60852,60853],{},[395,60854,55452,60855,18],{"href":56701},[15,60856,52584],{},[195,60858,60859],{},[395,60860,55452,60861,18],{"href":53276},[15,60862,53378],{},[195,60864,60865],{},[395,60866,55452,60867,18],{"href":53840},[15,60868,54200],{},[195,60870,60871],{},[395,60872,3697,60873,3701],{"href":59989},[15,60874,24849],{},[195,60876,60877],{},[395,60878,59332],{"href":58427},[195,60880,60881],{},[395,60882,60883],{"href":12169},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60885,60886,60887,60889],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60888,52584],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2048,60891,60892],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":60894},[60895,60896,60897,60898,60901,60902,60908,60909,60919,60920,60929],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":59224,"depth":102,"text":59225},{"id":59335,"depth":102,"text":59336,"children":60899},[60900],{"id":59537,"depth":150,"text":59538},{"id":59553,"depth":102,"text":59554},{"id":59750,"depth":102,"text":60903,"children":60904},"Create a list with list()",[60905,60906,60907],{"id":59775,"depth":150,"text":59776},{"id":59848,"depth":150,"text":59849},{"id":59913,"depth":150,"text":59914},{"id":59995,"depth":102,"text":59996},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":60910},[60911,60912,60914,60916,60917,60918],{"id":60132,"depth":150,"text":60133},{"id":60191,"depth":150,"text":60913},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60311,"depth":150,"text":60915},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60532,"depth":150,"text":60533},{"id":60617,"depth":150,"text":60618},{"id":60643,"depth":150,"text":60644},{"id":60728,"depth":102,"text":60729},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":60921},[60922,60923,60924,60926,60927],{"id":60769,"depth":150,"text":60770},{"id":60784,"depth":150,"text":60785},{"id":60811,"depth":150,"text":60925},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60823,"depth":150,"text":60824},{"id":60830,"depth":150,"text":60928},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58966,"description":60930},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60937,"title":60938,"body":60939,"description":62680,"extension":2080,"meta":62681,"navigation":682,"path":62682,"seo":62683,"stem":62684,"__hash__":62685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60940,"toc":62635},[60941,60946,60951,60954,60956,61027,61032,61037,61041,61055,61060,61062,61082,61087,61090,61113,61117,61122,61214,61216,61238,61244,61250,61257,61264,61270,61327,61333,61391,61393,61405,61413,61419,61424,61428,61485,61488,61492,61551,61554,61558,61616,61628,61632,61685,61688,61692,61698,61704,61766,61769,61830,61833,61889,61894,61896,61900,61907,61968,61973,61982,62038,62045,62049,62107,62116,62174,62178,62213,62217,62227,62230,62285,62299,62302,62417,62422,62426,62437,62439,62518,62528,62530,62535,62540,62547,62555,62561,62564,62570,62573,62579,62585,62587,62623,62632],[10,60942,54274,60944,18],{"id":60943},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60945,53378],{},[20,60947,60948,60950],{},[15,60949,53279],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60952,60953],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,60955,33],{"id":32},[35,60957,60959],{"className":37,"code":60958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60960,60961,60977,60994,60998,61013,61023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60962,60963,60965,60967,60969,60971,60973,60975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60964,3741],{"class":50},[44,60966,55],{"class":54},[44,60968,3746],{"class":58},[44,60970,3108],{"class":95},[44,60972,83],{"class":58},[44,60974,1012],{"class":95},[44,60976,3759],{"class":58},[44,60978,60979,60982,60984,60986,60988,60990,60992],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,60980,60981],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,60983,55],{"class":54},[44,60985,3746],{"class":58},[44,60987,2179],{"class":95},[44,60989,83],{"class":58},[44,60991,2574],{"class":95},[44,60993,3759],{"class":58},[44,60995,60996],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,60997,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,60999,61000,61002,61004,61006,61008,61011],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61001,3773],{"class":50},[44,61003,108],{"class":58},[44,61005,53408],{"class":111},[44,61007,157],{"class":58},[44,61009,61010],{"class":111},"more_numbers",[44,61012,162],{"class":58},[44,61014,61015,61017,61019,61021],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61016,154],{"class":153},[44,61018,157],{"class":58},[44,61020,3773],{"class":111},[44,61022,162],{"class":58},[44,61024,61025],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,61026,52655],{"class":168},[20,61028,172,61029,61031],{},[15,61030,53378],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,61033,179,61035,182],{"id":61034},"what-listextend-does",[15,61036,53279],{},[20,61038,61039,72],{},[15,61040,53378],{},[192,61042,61043,61046,61048,61051],{},[195,61044,61045],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[195,61047,54360],{},[195,61049,61050],{},"Does not create a new list",[195,61052,11530,61053],{},[15,61054,217],{},[20,61056,61057,61058,53733],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61059,53378],{},[30,61061,402],{"id":401},[35,61063,61065],{"className":37,"code":61064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61066,61067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61068,61069,61072,61074,61076,61078,61080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61070,61071],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,61073,108],{"class":58},[44,61075,53408],{"class":111},[44,61077,157],{"class":58},[44,61079,3845],{"class":111},[44,61081,162],{"class":58},[20,61083,5582,61084,61086],{},[3868,61085,3845],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61088,61089],{},"Common iterables include:",[192,61091,61092,61096,61100,61104,61109],{},[195,61093,61094],{},[15,61095,1878],{},[195,61097,61098],{},[15,61099,48883],{},[195,61101,61102],{},[15,61103,6416],{},[195,61105,61106],{},[15,61107,61108],{},"string",[195,61110,61111],{},[15,61112,59932],{},[30,61114,61116],{"id":61115},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61118,61119,61120,72],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61121,53378],{},[35,61123,61125],{"className":37,"code":61124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61126,61127,61151,61176,61180,61195,61199,61209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61128,61129,61131,61133,61135,61137,61139,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61130,36162],{"class":50},[44,61132,55],{"class":54},[44,61134,3746],{"class":58},[44,61136,63],{"class":62},[44,61138,4207],{"class":66},[44,61140,63],{"class":62},[44,61142,83],{"class":58},[44,61144,75],{"class":62},[44,61146,4216],{"class":66},[44,61148,63],{"class":62},[44,61150,3759],{"class":58},[44,61152,61153,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170,61172,61174],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61154,61155],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,61157,55],{"class":54},[44,61159,3746],{"class":58},[44,61161,63],{"class":62},[44,61163,33140],{"class":66},[44,61165,63],{"class":62},[44,61167,83],{"class":58},[44,61169,75],{"class":62},[44,61171,22603],{"class":66},[44,61173,63],{"class":62},[44,61175,3759],{"class":58},[44,61177,61178],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61179,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61181,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190,61193],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61183,36214],{"class":50},[44,61185,108],{"class":58},[44,61187,53408],{"class":111},[44,61189,157],{"class":58},[44,61191,61192],{"class":111},"more_fruits",[44,61194,162],{"class":58},[44,61196,61197],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61198,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61200,61201,61203,61205,61207],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,61202,154],{"class":153},[44,61204,157],{"class":58},[44,61206,36214],{"class":111},[44,61208,162],{"class":58},[44,61210,61211],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,61212,61213],{"class":168},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61215,11788],{},[192,61217,61218,61223,61228],{},[195,61219,61220,61222],{},[15,61221,36214],{}," starts with two items",[195,61224,61225,61227],{},[15,61226,61192],{}," has two more items",[195,61229,61230,61232,61233,61235,61236],{},[15,61231,53378],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61234,61192],{}," to ",[15,61237,36214],{},[20,61239,61240,61241,61243],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61242,36214],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61245,54499,61246,4523,61248,108],{},[395,61247,52703],{"href":50910},[395,61249,57087],{"href":57086},[30,61251,61253,10698,61255],{"id":61252},"extend-vs-append",[15,61254,53378],{},[15,61256,52584],{},[20,61258,61259,4523,61261,61263],{},[15,61260,53378],{},[15,61262,52584],{}," are often confused.",[1960,61265,61267,61269],{"id":61266},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61268,53378],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,61271,61273],{"className":37,"code":61272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61274,61275,61291,61309,61313,61323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61276,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61278,3741],{"class":50},[44,61280,55],{"class":54},[44,61282,3746],{"class":58},[44,61284,3108],{"class":95},[44,61286,83],{"class":58},[44,61288,1012],{"class":95},[44,61290,3759],{"class":58},[44,61292,61293,61295,61297,61299,61301,61303,61305,61307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61294,3773],{"class":50},[44,61296,108],{"class":58},[44,61298,53408],{"class":111},[44,61300,3105],{"class":58},[44,61302,2179],{"class":95},[44,61304,83],{"class":58},[44,61306,2574],{"class":95},[44,61308,4015],{"class":58},[44,61310,61311],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61312,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61314,61315,61317,61319,61321],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61316,154],{"class":153},[44,61318,157],{"class":58},[44,61320,3773],{"class":111},[44,61322,162],{"class":58},[44,61324,61325],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61326,52655],{"class":168},[1960,61328,61330,61332],{"id":61329},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61331,52584],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,61334,61336],{"className":37,"code":61335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61337,61338,61354,61372,61376,61386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61339,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348,61350,61352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61341,3741],{"class":50},[44,61343,55],{"class":54},[44,61345,3746],{"class":58},[44,61347,3108],{"class":95},[44,61349,83],{"class":58},[44,61351,1012],{"class":95},[44,61353,3759],{"class":58},[44,61355,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61357,3773],{"class":50},[44,61359,108],{"class":58},[44,61361,13646],{"class":111},[44,61363,3105],{"class":58},[44,61365,2179],{"class":95},[44,61367,83],{"class":58},[44,61369,2574],{"class":95},[44,61371,4015],{"class":58},[44,61373,61374],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61375,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61377,61378,61380,61382,61384],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61379,154],{"class":153},[44,61381,157],{"class":58},[44,61383,3773],{"class":111},[44,61385,162],{"class":58},[44,61387,61388],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61389,61390],{"class":168},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61392,18771],{},[192,61394,61395,61400],{},[195,61396,61397,61399],{},[15,61398,53378],{}," to combine values",[195,61401,61402,61404],{},[15,61403,52584],{}," to add one item",[20,61406,42020,61407,4523,61411,108],{},[395,61408,55452,61409,10852],{"href":56701},[15,61410,52584],{},[395,61412,52981],{"href":52980},[30,61414,567,61416,61418],{"id":61415},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61417,53378],{}," with different iterables",[20,61420,61421,61423],{},[15,61422,53378],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1960,61425,61427],{"id":61426},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,61429,61431],{"className":37,"code":61430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61432,61433,61449,61467,61471,61481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61436,3948],{"class":50},[44,61438,55],{"class":54},[44,61440,3746],{"class":58},[44,61442,3108],{"class":95},[44,61444,83],{"class":58},[44,61446,1012],{"class":95},[44,61448,3759],{"class":58},[44,61450,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61452,5488],{"class":50},[44,61454,108],{"class":58},[44,61456,53408],{"class":111},[44,61458,5640],{"class":58},[44,61460,2179],{"class":95},[44,61462,83],{"class":58},[44,61464,2574],{"class":95},[44,61466,1869],{"class":58},[44,61468,61469],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61470,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61472,61473,61475,61477,61479],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61474,154],{"class":153},[44,61476,157],{"class":58},[44,61478,5488],{"class":111},[44,61480,162],{"class":58},[44,61482,61483],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61484,52655],{"class":168},[20,61486,61487],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1960,61489,61491],{"id":61490},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,61493,61495],{"className":37,"code":61494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61496,61497,61513,61532,61536,61546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61498,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61500,36013],{"class":50},[44,61502,55],{"class":54},[44,61504,3746],{"class":58},[44,61506,63],{"class":62},[44,61508,395],{"class":66},[44,61510,63],{"class":62},[44,61512,3759],{"class":58},[44,61514,61515,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61528,61530],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61516,36066],{"class":50},[44,61518,108],{"class":58},[44,61520,53408],{"class":111},[44,61522,157],{"class":58},[44,61524,63],{"class":62},[44,61526,61527],{"class":66},"bc",[44,61529,63],{"class":62},[44,61531,162],{"class":58},[44,61533,61534],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61535,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61537,61538,61540,61542,61544],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61539,154],{"class":153},[44,61541,157],{"class":58},[44,61543,36066],{"class":111},[44,61545,162],{"class":58},[44,61547,61548],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61549,61550],{"class":168},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61552,61553],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1960,61555,61557],{"id":61556},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,61559,61561],{"className":37,"code":61560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61562,61563,61575,61597,61601,61611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61564,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61566,3741],{"class":50},[44,61568,55],{"class":54},[44,61570,3746],{"class":58},[44,61572,2237],{"class":95},[44,61574,3759],{"class":58},[44,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61578,3773],{"class":50},[44,61580,108],{"class":58},[44,61582,53408],{"class":111},[44,61584,157],{"class":58},[44,61586,59932],{"class":153},[44,61588,157],{"class":58},[44,61590,3108],{"class":95},[44,61592,83],{"class":58},[44,61594,2574],{"class":95},[44,61596,1869],{"class":58},[44,61598,61599],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61600,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61602,61603,61605,61607,61609],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61604,154],{"class":153},[44,61606,157],{"class":58},[44,61608,3773],{"class":111},[44,61610,162],{"class":58},[44,61612,61613],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61614,61615],{"class":168},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61617,61618,61621,61622,2307,61624,17153,61626,108],{},[15,61619,61620],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61623,3108],{},[15,61625,2173],{},[15,61627,2179],{},[1960,61629,61631],{"id":61630},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61633,61635],{"className":37,"code":61634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61636,61637,61653,61671,61675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61638,61639,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61640,7910],{"class":50},[44,61642,55],{"class":54},[44,61644,3746],{"class":58},[44,61646,3108],{"class":95},[44,61648,83],{"class":58},[44,61650,1012],{"class":95},[44,61652,3759],{"class":58},[44,61654,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61656,7940],{"class":50},[44,61658,108],{"class":58},[44,61660,53408],{"class":111},[44,61662,115],{"class":58},[44,61664,2179],{"class":95},[44,61666,83],{"class":58},[44,61668,2574],{"class":95},[44,61670,147],{"class":58},[44,61672,61673],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61674,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61676,61677,61679,61681,61683],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61678,154],{"class":153},[44,61680,157],{"class":58},[44,61682,7940],{"class":111},[44,61684,162],{"class":58},[20,61686,61687],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61689,61691],{"id":61690},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61693,61694,1298,61696,108],{},[15,61695,53378],{},[15,61697,217],{},[20,61699,61700,61701,72],{},"That means this is ",[3868,61702,61703],{},"wrong",[35,61705,61707],{"className":37,"code":61706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61708,61709,61725,61747,61751,61761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61710,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61712,3741],{"class":50},[44,61714,55],{"class":54},[44,61716,3746],{"class":58},[44,61718,3108],{"class":95},[44,61720,83],{"class":58},[44,61722,1012],{"class":95},[44,61724,3759],{"class":58},[44,61726,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61728,1340],{"class":50},[44,61730,55],{"class":54},[44,61732,4392],{"class":50},[44,61734,108],{"class":58},[44,61736,53408],{"class":111},[44,61738,3105],{"class":58},[44,61740,2179],{"class":95},[44,61742,83],{"class":58},[44,61744,2574],{"class":95},[44,61746,4015],{"class":58},[44,61748,61749],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61750,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61752,61753,61755,61757,61759],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61754,154],{"class":153},[44,61756,157],{"class":58},[44,61758,1376],{"class":111},[44,61760,162],{"class":58},[44,61762,61763],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61764,61765],{"class":168},"# None\n",[20,61767,61768],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61770,61772],{"className":37,"code":61771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61773,61774,61790,61812,61816,61826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61775,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61777,3741],{"class":50},[44,61779,55],{"class":54},[44,61781,3746],{"class":58},[44,61783,3108],{"class":95},[44,61785,83],{"class":58},[44,61787,1012],{"class":95},[44,61789,3759],{"class":58},[44,61791,61792,61794,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808,61810],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61793,3741],{"class":50},[44,61795,55],{"class":54},[44,61797,4392],{"class":50},[44,61799,108],{"class":58},[44,61801,53408],{"class":111},[44,61803,3105],{"class":58},[44,61805,2179],{"class":95},[44,61807,83],{"class":58},[44,61809,2574],{"class":95},[44,61811,4015],{"class":58},[44,61813,61814],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61815,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61819,154],{"class":153},[44,61821,157],{"class":58},[44,61823,3773],{"class":111},[44,61825,162],{"class":58},[44,61827,61828],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61829,61765],{"class":168},[20,61831,61832],{},"The correct way is:",[35,61834,61835],{"className":37,"code":61272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61836,61837,61853,61871,61875,61885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61838,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849,61851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61840,3741],{"class":50},[44,61842,55],{"class":54},[44,61844,3746],{"class":58},[44,61846,3108],{"class":95},[44,61848,83],{"class":58},[44,61850,1012],{"class":95},[44,61852,3759],{"class":58},[44,61854,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61856,3773],{"class":50},[44,61858,108],{"class":58},[44,61860,53408],{"class":111},[44,61862,3105],{"class":58},[44,61864,2179],{"class":95},[44,61866,83],{"class":58},[44,61868,2574],{"class":95},[44,61870,4015],{"class":58},[44,61872,61873],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61874,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61876,61877,61879,61881,61883],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61878,154],{"class":153},[44,61880,157],{"class":58},[44,61882,3773],{"class":111},[44,61884,162],{"class":58},[44,61886,61887],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61888,52655],{"class":168},[20,61890,55841,61891,61893],{},[15,61892,53378],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,61895,4649],{"id":4648},[20,61897,14820,61898,108],{},[15,61899,53378],{},[1960,61901,61903,61904,61906],{"id":61902},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61905,53378],{}," to return a new list",[35,61908,61910],{"className":37,"code":61909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61911,61912,61928,61950,61954,61964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61913,61914,61916,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61915,3741],{"class":50},[44,61917,55],{"class":54},[44,61919,3746],{"class":58},[44,61921,3108],{"class":95},[44,61923,83],{"class":58},[44,61925,1012],{"class":95},[44,61927,3759],{"class":58},[44,61929,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,61931,55574],{"class":50},[44,61933,55],{"class":54},[44,61935,4392],{"class":50},[44,61937,108],{"class":58},[44,61939,53408],{"class":111},[44,61941,3105],{"class":58},[44,61943,2179],{"class":95},[44,61945,83],{"class":58},[44,61947,2574],{"class":95},[44,61949,4015],{"class":58},[44,61951,61952],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,61953,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,61955,61956,61958,61960,61962],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,61957,154],{"class":153},[44,61959,157],{"class":58},[44,61961,55593],{"class":111},[44,61963,162],{"class":58},[44,61965,61966],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,61967,61765],{"class":168},[20,61969,61970,61971,108],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61972,53378],{},[1960,61974,61976,61977,44558,61979,61981],{"id":61975},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61978,52584],{},[15,61980,53378],{}," is needed",[35,61983,61984],{"className":37,"code":61335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61985,61986,62002,62020,62024,62034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61987,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998,62000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61989,3741],{"class":50},[44,61991,55],{"class":54},[44,61993,3746],{"class":58},[44,61995,3108],{"class":95},[44,61997,83],{"class":58},[44,61999,1012],{"class":95},[44,62001,3759],{"class":58},[44,62003,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62005,3773],{"class":50},[44,62007,108],{"class":58},[44,62009,13646],{"class":111},[44,62011,3105],{"class":58},[44,62013,2179],{"class":95},[44,62015,83],{"class":58},[44,62017,2574],{"class":95},[44,62019,4015],{"class":58},[44,62021,62022],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62023,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62025,62026,62028,62030,62032],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62027,154],{"class":153},[44,62029,157],{"class":58},[44,62031,3773],{"class":111},[44,62033,162],{"class":58},[44,62035,62036],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,62037,61390],{"class":168},[20,62039,62040,62041,53823,62043,6761],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62042,53822],{},[15,62044,53378],{},[1960,62046,62048],{"id":62047},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,62050,62052],{"className":37,"code":62051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62053,62054,62070,62088,62092,62102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62055,62056,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62057,4198],{"class":50},[44,62059,55],{"class":54},[44,62061,3746],{"class":58},[44,62063,63],{"class":62},[44,62065,3971],{"class":66},[44,62067,63],{"class":62},[44,62069,3759],{"class":58},[44,62071,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62073,4242],{"class":50},[44,62075,108],{"class":58},[44,62077,53408],{"class":111},[44,62079,157],{"class":58},[44,62081,63],{"class":62},[44,62083,60525],{"class":66},[44,62085,63],{"class":62},[44,62087,162],{"class":58},[44,62089,62090],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62091,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62093,62094,62096,62098,62100],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62095,154],{"class":153},[44,62097,157],{"class":58},[44,62099,4242],{"class":111},[44,62101,162],{"class":58},[44,62103,62104],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,62105,62106],{"class":168},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62108,62109,62110,62113,62114,72],{},"If you want ",[15,62111,62112],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62115,52584],{},[35,62117,62119],{"className":37,"code":62118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62120,62121,62137,62155,62159,62169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62122,62123,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62124,4198],{"class":50},[44,62126,55],{"class":54},[44,62128,3746],{"class":58},[44,62130,63],{"class":62},[44,62132,3971],{"class":66},[44,62134,63],{"class":62},[44,62136,3759],{"class":58},[44,62138,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62140,4242],{"class":50},[44,62142,108],{"class":58},[44,62144,13646],{"class":111},[44,62146,157],{"class":58},[44,62148,63],{"class":62},[44,62150,60525],{"class":66},[44,62152,63],{"class":62},[44,62154,162],{"class":58},[44,62156,62157],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62158,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62160,62161,62163,62165,62167],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62162,154],{"class":153},[44,62164,157],{"class":58},[44,62166,4242],{"class":111},[44,62168,162],{"class":58},[44,62170,62171],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,62172,62173],{"class":168},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1960,62175,62177],{"id":62176},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,62179,62181],{"className":37,"code":62180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62182,62183,62199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62184,62185,62187,62189,62191,62193,62195,62197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62186,3741],{"class":50},[44,62188,55],{"class":54},[44,62190,3746],{"class":58},[44,62192,3108],{"class":95},[44,62194,83],{"class":58},[44,62196,1012],{"class":95},[44,62198,3759],{"class":58},[44,62200,62201,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62202,3773],{"class":50},[44,62204,108],{"class":58},[44,62206,53408],{"class":111},[44,62208,157],{"class":58},[44,62210,2254],{"class":95},[44,62212,162],{"class":58},[20,62214,39579,62215,6681],{},[15,62216,2254],{},[20,62218,62219,62220,62222,62223,62226],{},"You will get a ",[15,62221,3125],{},". See ",[395,62224,62225],{"href":52531},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62228,62229],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,62231,62233],{"className":37,"code":62232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62234,62235,62245,62259,62271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62236,62237,62239,62241,62243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62238,154],{"class":153},[44,62240,157],{"class":58},[44,62242,8470],{"class":111},[44,62244,162],{"class":58},[44,62246,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62248,154],{"class":153},[44,62250,157],{"class":58},[44,62252,1862],{"class":1861},[44,62254,157],{"class":58},[44,62256,5488],{"class":111},[44,62258,1869],{"class":58},[44,62260,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62262,154],{"class":153},[44,62264,157],{"class":58},[44,62266,1376],{"class":111},[44,62268,3786],{"class":58},[44,62270,162],{"class":50},[44,62272,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62274,1913],{"class":153},[44,62276,157],{"class":58},[44,62278,1878],{"class":1861},[44,62280,108],{"class":58},[44,62282,53408],{"class":1923},[44,62284,162],{"class":58},[43508,62286,62287],{},[20,62288,62289,62290,62293,62294,62296,62297,108],{},"Note: ",[15,62291,62292],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62295,3786],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62298,32946],{},[20,62300,62301],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,62303,62305],{"className":37,"code":62304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62306,62307,62323,62339,62343,62357,62361,62369,62379,62393,62403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62308,62309,62311,62313,62315,62317,62319,62321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62310,8439],{"class":50},[44,62312,55],{"class":54},[44,62314,3746],{"class":58},[44,62316,3108],{"class":95},[44,62318,83],{"class":58},[44,62320,1012],{"class":95},[44,62322,3759],{"class":58},[44,62324,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62326,3948],{"class":50},[44,62328,55],{"class":54},[44,62330,3746],{"class":58},[44,62332,2179],{"class":95},[44,62334,83],{"class":58},[44,62336,2574],{"class":95},[44,62338,3759],{"class":58},[44,62340,62341],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62342,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62344,62345,62347,62349,62351,62353,62355],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62346,8470],{"class":50},[44,62348,108],{"class":58},[44,62350,53408],{"class":111},[44,62352,157],{"class":58},[44,62354,5488],{"class":111},[44,62356,162],{"class":58},[44,62358,62359],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,62360,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62362,62363,62365,62367],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,62364,1340],{"class":50},[44,62366,55],{"class":54},[44,62368,48457],{"class":1400},[44,62370,62371,62373,62375,62377],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,62372,154],{"class":153},[44,62374,157],{"class":58},[44,62376,8470],{"class":111},[44,62378,162],{"class":58},[44,62380,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,62382,154],{"class":153},[44,62384,157],{"class":58},[44,62386,1862],{"class":1861},[44,62388,157],{"class":58},[44,62390,5488],{"class":111},[44,62392,1869],{"class":58},[44,62394,62395,62397,62399,62401],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,62396,154],{"class":153},[44,62398,157],{"class":58},[44,62400,1376],{"class":111},[44,62402,162],{"class":58},[44,62404,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,62406,1913],{"class":153},[44,62408,157],{"class":58},[44,62410,1878],{"class":1861},[44,62412,108],{"class":58},[44,62414,53408],{"class":1923},[44,62416,162],{"class":58},[30,62418,1551,62420],{"id":62419},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62421,53378],{},[20,62423,172,62424,6447],{},[15,62425,53378],{},[192,62427,62428,62431,62434],{},[195,62429,62430],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[195,62432,62433],{},"Add multiple values at once",[195,62435,62436],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62438,5602],{},[35,62440,62442],{"className":37,"code":62441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62443,62444,62461,62479,62483,62499,62503,62513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62445,62446,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62447,62448],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,62450,55],{"class":54},[44,62452,3746],{"class":58},[44,62454,13596],{"class":95},[44,62456,83],{"class":58},[44,62458,851],{"class":95},[44,62460,3759],{"class":58},[44,62462,62463,62466,62468,62470,62472,62474,62477],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62464,62465],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,62467,55],{"class":54},[44,62469,3746],{"class":58},[44,62471,51436],{"class":95},[44,62473,83],{"class":58},[44,62475,62476],{"class":95}," 92",[44,62478,3759],{"class":58},[44,62480,62481],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62482,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62484,62485,62488,62490,62492,62494,62497],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62486,62487],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,62489,108],{"class":58},[44,62491,53408],{"class":111},[44,62493,157],{"class":58},[44,62495,62496],{"class":111},"new_scores",[44,62498,162],{"class":58},[44,62500,62501],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,62502,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62504,62505,62507,62509,62511],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,62506,154],{"class":153},[44,62508,157],{"class":58},[44,62510,62487],{"class":111},[44,62512,162],{"class":58},[44,62514,62515],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,62516,62517],{"class":168},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62519,62520,62521,62523,62524,108],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62522,52584],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[395,62525,55452,62526,10852],{"href":53840},[15,62527,54200],{},[30,62529,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,62531,1963,62533,55401],{"id":62532},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62534,53279],{},[20,62536,62537,62538,108],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62539,217],{},[1960,62541,2007,62543,4523,62545,2610],{"id":62542},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62544,53378],{},[15,62546,52584],{},[20,62548,62549,62551,62552,62554],{},[15,62550,53378],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62553,52584],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1960,62556,1994,62558,62560],{"id":62557},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62559,53378],{}," with a string?",[20,62562,62563],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1960,62565,1994,62567,62569],{"id":62566},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62568,53378],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62571,62572],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1960,62574,62576,62577,2610],{"id":62575},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62578,53378],{},[20,62580,62581,62582,62584],{},"You get a ",[15,62583,3125],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62586,2020],{"id":2019},[192,62588,62589,62595,62599,62603,62607,62613,62617],{},[195,62590,62591],{},[395,62592,55452,62593,10852],{"href":56701},[15,62594,52584],{},[195,62596,62597],{},[395,62598,54210],{"href":52980},[195,62600,62601],{},[395,62602,57161],{"href":57086},[195,62604,62605],{},[395,62606,52703],{"href":50910},[195,62608,62609],{},[395,62610,55452,62611,10852],{"href":53840},[15,62612,54200],{},[195,62614,62615],{},[395,62616,62225],{"href":52531},[195,62618,62619],{},[395,62620,55452,62621,10852],{"href":54892},[15,62622,12875],{},[20,62624,62625,62626,62628,62629,62631],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62627,52584],{},", when to use ",[15,62630,54200],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2048,62633,62634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":62636},[62637,62638,62640,62641,62642,62649,62656,62657,62665,62667,62679],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":61034,"depth":102,"text":62639},"What list.extend() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":61115,"depth":102,"text":61116},{"id":61252,"depth":102,"text":62643,"children":62644},"extend() vs append()",[62645,62647],{"id":61266,"depth":150,"text":62646},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61329,"depth":150,"text":62648},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61415,"depth":102,"text":62650,"children":62651},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62652,62653,62654,62655],{"id":61426,"depth":150,"text":61427},{"id":61490,"depth":150,"text":61491},{"id":61556,"depth":150,"text":61557},{"id":61630,"depth":150,"text":61631},{"id":61690,"depth":102,"text":61691},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":62658},[62659,62661,62663,62664],{"id":61902,"depth":150,"text":62660},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61975,"depth":150,"text":62662},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62047,"depth":150,"text":62048},{"id":62176,"depth":150,"text":62177},{"id":62419,"depth":102,"text":62666},"When to use extend()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":62668},[62669,62671,62673,62675,62677],{"id":62532,"depth":150,"text":62670},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62542,"depth":150,"text":62672},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62557,"depth":150,"text":62674},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62566,"depth":150,"text":62676},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62575,"depth":150,"text":62678},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60938,"description":62680},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62687,"title":62688,"body":62689,"description":64780,"extension":2080,"meta":64781,"navigation":682,"path":64782,"seo":64783,"stem":64784,"__hash__":64785},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62690,"toc":64743},[62691,62694,62699,62705,62716,62722,62724,62793,62795,62844,62852,62856,62861,62864,62875,62880,62882,62884,62905,62918,62921,62934,62936,62941,62966,62968,62976,62979,63048,63050,63074,63080,63084,63088,63124,63126,63146,63153,63157,63190,63192,63226,63231,63235,63268,63270,63298,63306,63310,63347,63349,63370,63373,63377,63446,63448,63472,63478,63485,63489,63492,63494,63508,63511,63535,63537,63562,63565,63584,63586,63612,63621,63625,63632,63709,63711,63752,63758,63764,63855,63857,63913,63916,63921,63925,63930,63934,63993,63995,64020,64024,64087,64089,64114,64118,64181,64183,64226,64229,64233,64237,64259,64263,64345,64347,64382,64390,64392,64396,64400,64402,64429,64434,64436,64463,64470,64473,64496,64498,64547,64550,64553,64572,64576,64579,64630,64633,64639,64643,64648,64651,64653,64659,64668,64672,64678,64682,64685,64689,64692,64696,64702,64704,64740],[10,62692,62688],{"id":62693},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62695,9253,62696,62698],{},[15,62697,24849],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62700,62701,62702,62704],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62703,24849],{}," for two main reasons:",[192,62706,62707,62710],{},[195,62708,62709],{},"to make an empty list",[195,62711,62712,62713,62715],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62714,59932],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62717,62718,62719,62721],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62720,24849],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62723,33],{"id":32},[35,62725,62727],{"className":37,"code":62726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62728,62729,62751,62769,62773,62783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62730,62731,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743,62745,62747,62749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62732,3741],{"class":50},[44,62734,55],{"class":54},[44,62736,22630],{"class":1861},[44,62738,5640],{"class":58},[44,62740,3108],{"class":95},[44,62742,83],{"class":58},[44,62744,1012],{"class":95},[44,62746,83],{"class":58},[44,62748,1017],{"class":95},[44,62750,1869],{"class":58},[44,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62754,36013],{"class":50},[44,62756,55],{"class":54},[44,62758,22630],{"class":1861},[44,62760,157],{"class":58},[44,62762,63],{"class":62},[44,62764,41487],{"class":66},[44,62766,63],{"class":62},[44,62768,162],{"class":58},[44,62770,62771],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,62772,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62774,62775,62777,62779,62781],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,62776,154],{"class":153},[44,62778,157],{"class":58},[44,62780,3773],{"class":111},[44,62782,162],{"class":58},[44,62784,62785,62787,62789,62791],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,62786,154],{"class":153},[44,62788,157],{"class":58},[44,62790,36066],{"class":111},[44,62792,162],{"class":58},[20,62794,330],{},[35,62796,62798],{"className":37,"code":62797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62799,62800,62816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62801,62802,62804,62806,62808,62810,62812,62814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62803,4027],{"class":58},[44,62805,3108],{"class":95},[44,62807,83],{"class":58},[44,62809,1012],{"class":95},[44,62811,83],{"class":58},[44,62813,1017],{"class":95},[44,62815,3759],{"class":58},[44,62817,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832,62834,62836,62838,62840,62842],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62819,4027],{"class":58},[44,62821,343],{"class":62},[44,62823,395],{"class":66},[44,62825,343],{"class":62},[44,62827,83],{"class":58},[44,62829,352],{"class":62},[44,62831,1005],{"class":66},[44,62833,343],{"class":62},[44,62835,83],{"class":58},[44,62837,352],{"class":62},[44,62839,9855],{"class":66},[44,62841,343],{"class":62},[44,62843,3759],{"class":58},[20,62845,172,62846,62848,62849,62851],{},[15,62847,24849],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62850,59932],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,62853,62855],{"id":62854},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62857,62858,62860],{},[15,62859,24849],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62862,62863],{},"It can:",[192,62865,62866,62869,62872],{},[195,62867,62868],{},"create a new list object",[195,62870,62871],{},"make an empty list",[195,62873,62874],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62876,62877,62878,108],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[395,62879,52703],{"href":50910},[30,62881,402],{"id":401},[20,62883,26555],{},[35,62885,62887],{"className":37,"code":62886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62888,62889,62895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62890,62891,62893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62892,1878],{"class":1861},[44,62894,1635],{"class":58},[44,62896,62897,62899,62901,62903],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62898,1878],{"class":1861},[44,62900,157],{"class":58},[44,62902,3845],{"class":111},[44,62904,162],{"class":58},[192,62906,62907,62912],{},[195,62908,62909,62911],{},[15,62910,24849],{}," makes an empty list",[195,62913,62914,62917],{},[15,62915,62916],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62919,62920],{},"Common iterable values include:",[192,62922,62923,62925,62927,62929,62932],{},[195,62924,5438],{},[195,62926,5432],{},[195,62928,5435],{},[195,62930,62931],{},"ranges",[195,62933,7382],{},[30,62935,59554],{"id":59553},[20,62937,172,62938,62940],{},[15,62939,24849],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62942,62944],{"className":37,"code":62943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62945,62946,62956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62947,62948,62950,62952,62954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62949,7910],{"class":50},[44,62951,55],{"class":54},[44,62953,22630],{"class":1861},[44,62955,1635],{"class":58},[44,62957,62958,62960,62962,62964],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62959,154],{"class":153},[44,62961,157],{"class":58},[44,62963,7940],{"class":111},[44,62965,162],{"class":58},[20,62967,330],{},[35,62969,62970],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62971,62972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62973,62974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62975,38222],{"class":58},[20,62977,62978],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62980,62982],{"className":37,"code":62981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62983,62984,62994,62998,63016,63034,63038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62985,62986,62988,62990,62992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62987,7910],{"class":50},[44,62989,55],{"class":54},[44,62991,22630],{"class":1861},[44,62993,1635],{"class":58},[44,62995,62996],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,62997,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,62999,63000,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012,63014],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,63001,7940],{"class":50},[44,63003,108],{"class":58},[44,63005,13646],{"class":111},[44,63007,157],{"class":58},[44,63009,63],{"class":62},[44,63011,4207],{"class":66},[44,63013,63],{"class":62},[44,63015,162],{"class":58},[44,63017,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,63019,7940],{"class":50},[44,63021,108],{"class":58},[44,63023,13646],{"class":111},[44,63025,157],{"class":58},[44,63027,63],{"class":62},[44,63029,4216],{"class":66},[44,63031,63],{"class":62},[44,63033,162],{"class":58},[44,63035,63036],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,63037,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,63039,63040,63042,63044,63046],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,63041,154],{"class":153},[44,63043,157],{"class":58},[44,63045,7940],{"class":111},[44,63047,162],{"class":58},[20,63049,330],{},[35,63051,63052],{"className":37,"code":38348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63053,63054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63055,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63057,4027],{"class":58},[44,63059,343],{"class":62},[44,63061,4207],{"class":66},[44,63063,343],{"class":62},[44,63065,83],{"class":58},[44,63067,352],{"class":62},[44,63069,4216],{"class":66},[44,63071,343],{"class":62},[44,63073,3759],{"class":58},[20,63075,63076,63077,63079],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63078,3912],{},". Both are valid.",[30,63081,63083],{"id":63082},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1960,63085,63087],{"id":63086},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,63089,63090],{"className":37,"code":59852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63091,63092,63114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63093,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110,63112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63095,3741],{"class":50},[44,63097,55],{"class":54},[44,63099,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63101,5640],{"class":58},[44,63103,3108],{"class":95},[44,63105,83],{"class":58},[44,63107,1012],{"class":95},[44,63109,83],{"class":58},[44,63111,1017],{"class":95},[44,63113,1869],{"class":58},[44,63115,63116,63118,63120,63122],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63117,154],{"class":153},[44,63119,157],{"class":58},[44,63121,3773],{"class":111},[44,63123,162],{"class":58},[20,63125,330],{},[35,63127,63128],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63129,63130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63131,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140,63142,63144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63133,4027],{"class":58},[44,63135,3108],{"class":95},[44,63137,83],{"class":58},[44,63139,1012],{"class":95},[44,63141,83],{"class":58},[44,63143,1017],{"class":95},[44,63145,3759],{"class":58},[20,63147,63148,63149,108],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[395,63150,63152],{"href":63151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1960,63154,63156],{"id":63155},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,63158,63160],{"className":37,"code":63159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63161,63162,63180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63163,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63165,36013],{"class":50},[44,63167,55],{"class":54},[44,63169,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63171,157],{"class":58},[44,63173,63],{"class":62},[44,63175,36971],{"class":66},[44,63177,63],{"class":62},[44,63179,162],{"class":58},[44,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63183,154],{"class":153},[44,63185,157],{"class":58},[44,63187,36066],{"class":111},[44,63189,162],{"class":58},[20,63191,330],{},[35,63193,63195],{"className":37,"code":63194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63196,63197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63198,63199,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63222,63224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63200,4027],{"class":58},[44,63202,343],{"class":62},[44,63204,9855],{"class":66},[44,63206,343],{"class":62},[44,63208,83],{"class":58},[44,63210,352],{"class":62},[44,63212,395],{"class":66},[44,63214,343],{"class":62},[44,63216,83],{"class":58},[44,63218,352],{"class":62},[44,63220,63221],{"class":66},"t",[44,63223,343],{"class":62},[44,63225,3759],{"class":58},[20,63227,63228,63230],{},[15,63229,24849],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1960,63232,63234],{"id":63233},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,63236,63238],{"className":37,"code":63237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63239,63240,63258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63243,3741],{"class":50},[44,63245,55],{"class":54},[44,63247,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63249,157],{"class":58},[44,63251,59932],{"class":153},[44,63253,157],{"class":58},[44,63255,2254],{"class":95},[44,63257,1869],{"class":58},[44,63259,63260,63262,63264,63266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63261,154],{"class":153},[44,63263,157],{"class":58},[44,63265,3773],{"class":111},[44,63267,162],{"class":58},[20,63269,330],{},[35,63271,63272],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63273,63274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63275,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63277,4027],{"class":58},[44,63279,2237],{"class":95},[44,63281,83],{"class":58},[44,63283,504],{"class":95},[44,63285,83],{"class":58},[44,63287,1012],{"class":95},[44,63289,83],{"class":58},[44,63291,1017],{"class":95},[44,63293,83],{"class":58},[44,63295,2574],{"class":95},[44,63297,3759],{"class":58},[20,63299,63300,63301,63305],{},"This is common when working with ",[395,63302,63303],{"href":36118},[15,63304,36121],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1960,63307,63309],{"id":63308},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63311,63313],{"className":37,"code":63312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63314,63315,63337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63316,63317,63319,63321,63323,63325,63327,63329,63331,63333,63335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63318,3948],{"class":50},[44,63320,55],{"class":54},[44,63322,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63324,115],{"class":58},[44,63326,2448],{"class":95},[44,63328,83],{"class":58},[44,63330,96],{"class":95},[44,63332,83],{"class":58},[44,63334,7925],{"class":95},[44,63336,147],{"class":58},[44,63338,63339,63341,63343,63345],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63340,154],{"class":153},[44,63342,157],{"class":58},[44,63344,5488],{"class":111},[44,63346,162],{"class":58},[20,63348,17039],{},[35,63350,63352],{"className":37,"code":63351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63353,63354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63355,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63357,4027],{"class":58},[44,63359,2448],{"class":95},[44,63361,83],{"class":58},[44,63363,96],{"class":95},[44,63365,83],{"class":58},[44,63367,7925],{"class":95},[44,63369,3759],{"class":58},[20,63371,63372],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1960,63374,63376],{"id":63375},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63378,63380],{"className":37,"code":63379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63381,63382,63418,63432,63436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63383,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63385,51],{"class":50},[44,63387,55],{"class":54},[44,63389,59],{"class":58},[44,63391,63],{"class":62},[44,63393,67],{"class":66},[44,63395,63],{"class":62},[44,63397,72],{"class":58},[44,63399,75],{"class":62},[44,63401,78],{"class":66},[44,63403,63],{"class":62},[44,63405,83],{"class":58},[44,63407,75],{"class":62},[44,63409,88],{"class":66},[44,63411,63],{"class":62},[44,63413,72],{"class":58},[44,63415,1164],{"class":95},[44,63417,99],{"class":58},[44,63419,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428,63430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63421,1340],{"class":50},[44,63423,55],{"class":54},[44,63425,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63427,157],{"class":58},[44,63429,105],{"class":111},[44,63431,162],{"class":58},[44,63433,63434],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,63435,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,63437,63438,63440,63442,63444],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,63439,154],{"class":153},[44,63441,157],{"class":58},[44,63443,1376],{"class":111},[44,63445,162],{"class":58},[20,63447,330],{},[35,63449,63450],{"className":37,"code":25549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63451,63452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63453,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63455,4027],{"class":58},[44,63457,343],{"class":62},[44,63459,67],{"class":66},[44,63461,343],{"class":62},[44,63463,83],{"class":58},[44,63465,352],{"class":62},[44,63467,88],{"class":66},[44,63469,343],{"class":62},[44,63471,3759],{"class":58},[20,63473,63474,63475,63477],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63476,24849],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63479,63480,63481,108],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[395,63482,63484],{"href":63483},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63486,63488],{"id":63487},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63490,63491],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63493,61089],{},[192,63495,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506],{},[195,63497,5429],{},[195,63499,5432],{},[195,63501,5438],{},[195,63503,5435],{},[195,63505,62931],{},[195,63507,7382],{},[20,63509,63510],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63512,63514],{"className":37,"code":63513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63515,63516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63517,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63531,63533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63519,154],{"class":153},[44,63521,157],{"class":58},[44,63523,1878],{"class":1861},[44,63525,157],{"class":58},[44,63527,63],{"class":62},[44,63529,63530],{"class":66},"hi",[44,63532,63],{"class":62},[44,63534,1869],{"class":58},[20,63536,330],{},[35,63538,63540],{"className":37,"code":63539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63541,63542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63545,4027],{"class":58},[44,63547,343],{"class":62},[44,63549,60372],{"class":66},[44,63551,343],{"class":62},[44,63553,83],{"class":58},[44,63555,352],{"class":62},[44,63557,36077],{"class":66},[44,63559,343],{"class":62},[44,63561,3759],{"class":58},[20,63563,63564],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63566,63568],{"className":37,"code":63567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63569,63570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63573,154],{"class":153},[44,63575,157],{"class":58},[44,63577,1878],{"class":1861},[44,63579,157],{"class":58},[44,63581,2254],{"class":95},[44,63583,1869],{"class":58},[20,63585,330],{},[35,63587,63589],{"className":37,"code":63588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63590,63591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63592,63593,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63594,3125],{"class":1861},[44,63596,72],{"class":58},[44,63598,352],{"class":62},[44,63600,2306],{"class":66},[44,63602,343],{"class":62},[44,63604,24688],{"class":1861},[44,63606,8227],{"class":54},[44,63608,8230],{"class":54},[44,63610,63611],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63613,63614,63615,63617,63618,108],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[395,63616,5267],{"href":5715},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[395,63619,63620],{"href":52531},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63622,63624],{"id":63623},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63626,63627,63628,63631],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63629,63630],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63633,63635],{"className":37,"code":63634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63636,63637,63657,63671,63675,63685,63695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63638,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649,63651,63653,63655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63640,1585],{"class":50},[44,63642,55],{"class":54},[44,63644,3746],{"class":58},[44,63646,3108],{"class":95},[44,63648,83],{"class":58},[44,63650,1012],{"class":95},[44,63652,83],{"class":58},[44,63654,1017],{"class":95},[44,63656,3759],{"class":58},[44,63658,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63660,14398],{"class":50},[44,63662,55],{"class":54},[44,63664,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63666,157],{"class":58},[44,63668,1692],{"class":111},[44,63670,162],{"class":58},[44,63672,63673],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,63674,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,63676,63677,63679,63681,63683],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,63678,154],{"class":153},[44,63680,157],{"class":58},[44,63682,1692],{"class":111},[44,63684,162],{"class":58},[44,63686,63687,63689,63691,63693],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,63688,154],{"class":153},[44,63690,157],{"class":58},[44,63692,14417],{"class":111},[44,63694,162],{"class":58},[44,63696,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,63698,154],{"class":153},[44,63700,157],{"class":58},[44,63702,1585],{"class":111},[44,63704,12295],{"class":4002},[44,63706,14471],{"class":111},[44,63708,162],{"class":58},[20,63710,330],{},[35,63712,63714],{"className":37,"code":63713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63715,63716,63732,63748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63717,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63719,4027],{"class":58},[44,63721,3108],{"class":95},[44,63723,83],{"class":58},[44,63725,1012],{"class":95},[44,63727,83],{"class":58},[44,63729,1017],{"class":95},[44,63731,3759],{"class":58},[44,63733,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63735,4027],{"class":58},[44,63737,3108],{"class":95},[44,63739,83],{"class":58},[44,63741,1012],{"class":95},[44,63743,83],{"class":58},[44,63745,1017],{"class":95},[44,63747,3759],{"class":58},[44,63749,63750],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,63751,4168],{"class":1400},[20,63753,63754,63755,63757],{},"This means ",[15,63756,14417],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63759,63760,63761,63763],{},"However, this is only a ",[3868,63762,12949],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63765,63767],{"className":37,"code":63766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63768,63769,63795,63809,63813,63831,63835,63845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63770,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63772,1585],{"class":50},[44,63774,55],{"class":54},[44,63776,56226],{"class":58},[44,63778,3108],{"class":95},[44,63780,83],{"class":58},[44,63782,1012],{"class":95},[44,63784,18140],{"class":58},[44,63786,3746],{"class":58},[44,63788,2179],{"class":95},[44,63790,83],{"class":58},[44,63792,2574],{"class":95},[44,63794,53174],{"class":58},[44,63796,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63798,14398],{"class":50},[44,63800,55],{"class":54},[44,63802,22630],{"class":1861},[44,63804,157],{"class":58},[44,63806,1692],{"class":111},[44,63808,162],{"class":58},[44,63810,63811],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,63812,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,63814,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,63816,14417],{"class":50},[44,63818,4027],{"class":58},[44,63820,2237],{"class":95},[44,63822,13643],{"class":58},[44,63824,13646],{"class":111},[44,63826,157],{"class":58},[44,63828,56279],{"class":95},[44,63830,162],{"class":58},[44,63832,63833],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,63834,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,63836,63837,63839,63841,63843],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,63838,154],{"class":153},[44,63840,157],{"class":58},[44,63842,1692],{"class":111},[44,63844,162],{"class":58},[44,63846,63847,63849,63851,63853],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,63848,154],{"class":153},[44,63850,157],{"class":58},[44,63852,14417],{"class":111},[44,63854,162],{"class":58},[20,63856,330],{},[35,63858,63859],{"className":37,"code":56310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63860,63861,63887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63862,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63864,56317],{"class":58},[44,63866,3108],{"class":95},[44,63868,83],{"class":58},[44,63870,1012],{"class":95},[44,63872,83],{"class":58},[44,63874,10312],{"class":95},[44,63876,18140],{"class":58},[44,63878,3746],{"class":58},[44,63880,2179],{"class":95},[44,63882,83],{"class":58},[44,63884,2574],{"class":95},[44,63886,53174],{"class":58},[44,63888,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63890,56317],{"class":58},[44,63892,3108],{"class":95},[44,63894,83],{"class":58},[44,63896,1012],{"class":95},[44,63898,83],{"class":58},[44,63900,10312],{"class":95},[44,63902,18140],{"class":58},[44,63904,3746],{"class":58},[44,63906,2179],{"class":95},[44,63908,83],{"class":58},[44,63910,2574],{"class":95},[44,63912,53174],{"class":58},[20,63914,63915],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63917,63918,63919,108],{},"For more on this, see ",[395,63920,13883],{"href":13882},[30,63922,63924],{"id":63923},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63926,63927,63928,108],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63929,24849],{},[1960,63931,63933],{"id":63932},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63935,63937],{"className":37,"code":63936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63938,63939,63979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63940,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63942,233],{"class":50},[44,63944,55],{"class":54},[44,63946,59],{"class":58},[44,63948,63],{"class":62},[44,63950,67],{"class":66},[44,63952,63],{"class":62},[44,63954,72],{"class":58},[44,63956,75],{"class":62},[44,63958,8052],{"class":66},[44,63960,63],{"class":62},[44,63962,83],{"class":58},[44,63964,75],{"class":62},[44,63966,259],{"class":66},[44,63968,63],{"class":62},[44,63970,72],{"class":58},[44,63972,75],{"class":62},[44,63974,296],{"class":66},[44,63976,63],{"class":62},[44,63978,99],{"class":58},[44,63980,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,63982,154],{"class":153},[44,63984,157],{"class":58},[44,63986,1878],{"class":1861},[44,63988,157],{"class":58},[44,63990,277],{"class":111},[44,63992,1869],{"class":58},[20,63994,330],{},[35,63996,63998],{"className":37,"code":63997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63999,64000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64003,4027],{"class":58},[44,64005,343],{"class":62},[44,64007,67],{"class":66},[44,64009,343],{"class":62},[44,64011,83],{"class":58},[44,64013,352],{"class":62},[44,64015,259],{"class":66},[44,64017,343],{"class":62},[44,64019,3759],{"class":58},[1960,64021,64023],{"id":64022},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,64025,64027],{"className":37,"code":64026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64028,64029,64069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64030,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64032,233],{"class":50},[44,64034,55],{"class":54},[44,64036,59],{"class":58},[44,64038,63],{"class":62},[44,64040,67],{"class":66},[44,64042,63],{"class":62},[44,64044,72],{"class":58},[44,64046,75],{"class":62},[44,64048,8052],{"class":66},[44,64050,63],{"class":62},[44,64052,83],{"class":58},[44,64054,75],{"class":62},[44,64056,259],{"class":66},[44,64058,63],{"class":62},[44,64060,72],{"class":58},[44,64062,75],{"class":62},[44,64064,296],{"class":66},[44,64066,63],{"class":62},[44,64068,99],{"class":58},[44,64070,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083,64085],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64072,154],{"class":153},[44,64074,157],{"class":58},[44,64076,1878],{"class":1861},[44,64078,157],{"class":58},[44,64080,277],{"class":111},[44,64082,108],{"class":58},[44,64084,5488],{"class":111},[44,64086,6419],{"class":58},[20,64088,330],{},[35,64090,64092],{"className":37,"code":64091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64093,64094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64095,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64097,4027],{"class":58},[44,64099,343],{"class":62},[44,64101,8052],{"class":66},[44,64103,343],{"class":62},[44,64105,83],{"class":58},[44,64107,352],{"class":62},[44,64109,296],{"class":66},[44,64111,343],{"class":62},[44,64113,3759],{"class":58},[1960,64115,64117],{"id":64116},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,64119,64121],{"className":37,"code":64120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64122,64123,64163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64124,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64126,233],{"class":50},[44,64128,55],{"class":54},[44,64130,59],{"class":58},[44,64132,63],{"class":62},[44,64134,67],{"class":66},[44,64136,63],{"class":62},[44,64138,72],{"class":58},[44,64140,75],{"class":62},[44,64142,8052],{"class":66},[44,64144,63],{"class":62},[44,64146,83],{"class":58},[44,64148,75],{"class":62},[44,64150,259],{"class":66},[44,64152,63],{"class":62},[44,64154,72],{"class":58},[44,64156,75],{"class":62},[44,64158,296],{"class":66},[44,64160,63],{"class":62},[44,64162,99],{"class":58},[44,64164,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64166,154],{"class":153},[44,64168,157],{"class":58},[44,64170,1878],{"class":1861},[44,64172,157],{"class":58},[44,64174,277],{"class":111},[44,64176,108],{"class":58},[44,64178,7940],{"class":111},[44,64180,6419],{"class":58},[20,64182,330],{},[35,64184,64186],{"className":37,"code":64185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64187,64188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64189,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64191,21811],{"class":58},[44,64193,343],{"class":62},[44,64195,67],{"class":66},[44,64197,343],{"class":62},[44,64199,83],{"class":58},[44,64201,352],{"class":62},[44,64203,8052],{"class":66},[44,64205,343],{"class":62},[44,64207,854],{"class":58},[44,64209,857],{"class":58},[44,64211,343],{"class":62},[44,64213,259],{"class":66},[44,64215,343],{"class":62},[44,64217,83],{"class":58},[44,64219,352],{"class":62},[44,64221,296],{"class":66},[44,64223,343],{"class":62},[44,64225,872],{"class":58},[20,64227,64228],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,64230,64232],{"id":64231},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64234,172,64235,1558],{},[15,64236,24849],{},[192,64238,64239,64247,64256],{},[195,64240,64241,64242,2997,64244],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64243,52584],{},[15,64245,64246],{},"sort()",[195,64248,64249,64250,2997,64252,64255],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64251,36121],{},[15,64253,64254],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[195,64257,64258],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64260,45969,64261,72],{},[15,64262,64254],{},[35,64264,64266],{"className":37,"code":64265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64267,64268,64292,64308,64312,64335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64269,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64271,5126],{"class":50},[44,64273,55],{"class":54},[44,64275,3746],{"class":58},[44,64277,63],{"class":62},[44,64279,78],{"class":66},[44,64281,63],{"class":62},[44,64283,83],{"class":58},[44,64285,75],{"class":62},[44,64287,35863],{"class":66},[44,64289,63],{"class":62},[44,64291,3759],{"class":58},[44,64293,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64295,811],{"class":50},[44,64297,55],{"class":54},[44,64299,3746],{"class":58},[44,64301,13596],{"class":95},[44,64303,83],{"class":58},[44,64305,851],{"class":95},[44,64307,3759],{"class":58},[44,64309,64310],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,64311,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,64313,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,64315,834],{"class":50},[44,64317,55],{"class":54},[44,64319,22630],{"class":1861},[44,64321,157],{"class":58},[44,64323,64324],{"class":153},"zip",[44,64326,157],{"class":58},[44,64328,5170],{"class":111},[44,64330,83],{"class":58},[44,64332,5241],{"class":111},[44,64334,1869],{"class":58},[44,64336,64337,64339,64341,64343],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,64338,154],{"class":153},[44,64340,157],{"class":58},[44,64342,890],{"class":111},[44,64344,162],{"class":58},[20,64346,330],{},[35,64348,64350],{"className":37,"code":64349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64351,64352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64353,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378,64380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64355,21811],{"class":58},[44,64357,343],{"class":62},[44,64359,78],{"class":66},[44,64361,343],{"class":62},[44,64363,83],{"class":58},[44,64365,827],{"class":95},[44,64367,854],{"class":58},[44,64369,857],{"class":58},[44,64371,343],{"class":62},[44,64373,35863],{"class":66},[44,64375,343],{"class":62},[44,64377,83],{"class":58},[44,64379,851],{"class":95},[44,64381,872],{"class":58},[20,64383,64384,64385,64387,64388,108],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64386,52584],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[395,64389,52981],{"href":52980},[30,64391,4649],{"id":4648},[20,64393,56708,64394,108],{},[15,64395,24849],{},[1960,64397,64399],{"id":64398},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64401,4656],{},[35,64403,64405],{"className":37,"code":64404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64406,64407,64411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64408,64409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64410,4666],{"class":168},[44,64412,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64414,1878],{"class":1861},[44,64416,157],{"class":58},[44,64418,3108],{"class":95},[44,64420,83],{"class":58},[44,64422,1012],{"class":95},[44,64424,83],{"class":58},[44,64426,1017],{"class":95},[44,64428,162],{"class":58},[20,64430,64431,64433],{},[15,64432,24849],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64435,18771],{},[35,64437,64439],{"className":37,"code":64438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64440,64441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64442,64443,64445,64447,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64444,154],{"class":153},[44,64446,157],{"class":58},[44,64448,1878],{"class":1861},[44,64450,5640],{"class":58},[44,64452,3108],{"class":95},[44,64454,83],{"class":58},[44,64456,1012],{"class":95},[44,64458,83],{"class":58},[44,64460,1017],{"class":95},[44,64462,3031],{"class":58},[1960,64464,64466,64467],{"id":64465},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64468,64469],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64471,64472],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64474,64476],{"className":37,"code":64475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64477,64478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64479,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64481,154],{"class":153},[44,64483,157],{"class":58},[44,64485,1878],{"class":1861},[44,64487,157],{"class":58},[44,64489,63],{"class":62},[44,64491,3971],{"class":66},[44,64493,63],{"class":62},[44,64495,1869],{"class":58},[20,64497,330],{},[35,64499,64501],{"className":37,"code":64500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64502,64503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64504,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533,64535,64537,64539,64541,64543,64545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64506,4027],{"class":58},[44,64508,343],{"class":62},[44,64510,60372],{"class":66},[44,64512,343],{"class":62},[44,64514,83],{"class":58},[44,64516,352],{"class":62},[44,64518,60381],{"class":66},[44,64520,343],{"class":62},[44,64522,83],{"class":58},[44,64524,352],{"class":62},[44,64526,60390],{"class":66},[44,64528,343],{"class":62},[44,64530,83],{"class":58},[44,64532,352],{"class":62},[44,64534,60390],{"class":66},[44,64536,343],{"class":62},[44,64538,83],{"class":58},[44,64540,352],{"class":62},[44,64542,60407],{"class":66},[44,64544,343],{"class":62},[44,64546,3759],{"class":58},[20,64548,64549],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64551,64552],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64554,64556],{"className":37,"code":64555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64557,64558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64559,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64561,154],{"class":153},[44,64563,3105],{"class":58},[44,64565,63],{"class":62},[44,64567,3971],{"class":66},[44,64569,63],{"class":62},[44,64571,4015],{"class":58},[1960,64573,64575],{"id":64574},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64577,64578],{},"This:",[35,64580,64582],{"className":37,"code":64581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64583,64584,64616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64585,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64608,64610,64612,64614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64587,489],{"class":50},[44,64589,55],{"class":54},[44,64591,59],{"class":58},[44,64593,63],{"class":62},[44,64595,395],{"class":66},[44,64597,63],{"class":62},[44,64599,72],{"class":58},[44,64601,504],{"class":95},[44,64603,83],{"class":58},[44,64605,75],{"class":62},[44,64607,1005],{"class":66},[44,64609,63],{"class":62},[44,64611,72],{"class":58},[44,64613,1012],{"class":95},[44,64615,99],{"class":58},[44,64617,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64619,154],{"class":153},[44,64621,157],{"class":58},[44,64623,1878],{"class":1861},[44,64625,157],{"class":58},[44,64627,511],{"class":111},[44,64629,1869],{"class":58},[20,64631,64632],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64634,172,64635,64638],{},[15,64636,64637],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1960,64640,64642],{"id":64641},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64644,64645,64647],{},[15,64646,24849],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64649,64650],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64652,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,64654,2007,64656,64658],{"id":64655},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64657],{}," and list()?",[20,64660,64661,64662,64664,64665,64667],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64663,3912],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64666,24849],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1960,64669,64671],{"id":64670},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64673,64674,64675,64677],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64676,24849],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1960,64679,64681],{"id":64680},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64683,64684],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1960,64686,64688],{"id":64687},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64690,64691],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1960,64693,64695],{"id":64694},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64697,64698,64699,64701],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64700,24849],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64703,2020],{"id":2019},[192,64705,64706,64710,64715,64719,64723,64727,64731,64736],{},[195,64707,64708],{},[395,64709,52703],{"href":50910},[195,64711,64712],{},[395,64713,64714],{"href":36118},"Python range() function explained",[195,64716,64717],{},[395,64718,63152],{"href":63151},[195,64720,64721],{},[395,64722,63484],{"href":63483},[195,64724,64725],{},[395,64726,5345],{"href":5715},[195,64728,64729],{},[395,64730,13883],{"href":13882},[195,64732,64733],{},[395,64734,64735],{"href":52531},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[195,64737,64738],{},[395,64739,54210],{"href":52980},[2048,64741,64742],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":64744},[64745,64746,64747,64748,64749,64756,64757,64758,64763,64764,64771,64779],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":62854,"depth":102,"text":62855},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":59553,"depth":102,"text":59554},{"id":63082,"depth":102,"text":63083,"children":64750},[64751,64752,64753,64754,64755],{"id":63086,"depth":150,"text":63087},{"id":63155,"depth":150,"text":63156},{"id":63233,"depth":150,"text":63234},{"id":63308,"depth":150,"text":63309},{"id":63375,"depth":150,"text":63376},{"id":63487,"depth":102,"text":63488},{"id":63623,"depth":102,"text":63624},{"id":63923,"depth":102,"text":63924,"children":64759},[64760,64761,64762],{"id":63932,"depth":150,"text":63933},{"id":64022,"depth":150,"text":64023},{"id":64116,"depth":150,"text":64117},{"id":64231,"depth":102,"text":64232},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":64765},[64766,64767,64769,64770],{"id":64398,"depth":150,"text":64399},{"id":64465,"depth":150,"text":64768},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64574,"depth":150,"text":64575},{"id":64641,"depth":150,"text":64642},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":64772},[64773,64775,64776,64777,64778],{"id":64655,"depth":150,"text":64774},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64670,"depth":150,"text":64671},{"id":64680,"depth":150,"text":64681},{"id":64687,"depth":150,"text":64688},{"id":64694,"depth":150,"text":64695},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62688,"description":64780},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64787,"title":64788,"body":64789,"description":66140,"extension":2080,"meta":66141,"navigation":682,"path":66142,"seo":66143,"stem":66144,"__hash__":66145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64790,"toc":66114},[64791,64796,64802,64811,64813,64886,64895,64900,64904,64920,64924,64926,64928,64947,64950,64978,64981,65006,65014,65016,65021,65028,65030,65087,65089,65097,65103,65107,65110,65183,65185,65193,65196,65219,65226,65232,65236,65242,65313,65315,65323,65332,65339,65346,65354,65498,65500,65517,65520,65559,65562,65566,65571,65573,65632,65638,65641,65748,65750,65765,65768,65775,65777,65781,65929,65932,65993,65996,65999,66020,66025,66029,66040,66043,66045,66050,66053,66061,66066,66072,66075,66081,66089,66091,66111],[10,64792,54274,64794,18],{"id":64793},"python-list-index-method",[15,64795,58901],{},[20,64797,64798,64801],{},[15,64799,64800],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64803,64804,64805,64808,64809,108],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3868,64806,64807],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64810,40630],{},[30,64812,3731],{"id":3730},[35,64814,64816],{"className":37,"code":64815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64817,64818,64850,64873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64819,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840,64842,64844,64846,64848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64821,7910],{"class":50},[44,64823,55],{"class":54},[44,64825,3746],{"class":58},[44,64827,63],{"class":62},[44,64829,4207],{"class":66},[44,64831,63],{"class":62},[44,64833,83],{"class":58},[44,64835,75],{"class":62},[44,64837,4216],{"class":66},[44,64839,63],{"class":62},[44,64841,83],{"class":58},[44,64843,75],{"class":62},[44,64845,4225],{"class":66},[44,64847,63],{"class":62},[44,64849,3759],{"class":58},[44,64851,64852,64855,64857,64859,64861,64863,64865,64867,64869,64871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,64853,64854],{"class":50},"position ",[44,64856,55],{"class":54},[44,64858,6095],{"class":50},[44,64860,108],{"class":58},[44,64862,35768],{"class":111},[44,64864,157],{"class":58},[44,64866,63],{"class":62},[44,64868,4216],{"class":66},[44,64870,63],{"class":62},[44,64872,162],{"class":58},[44,64874,64875,64877,64879,64882,64884],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,64876,154],{"class":153},[44,64878,157],{"class":58},[44,64880,64881],{"class":111},"position",[44,64883,3786],{"class":58},[44,64885,27848],{"class":168},[20,64887,172,64888,64891,64892,64894],{},[15,64889,64890],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64893,40630],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,64896,179,64898,182],{"id":64897},"what-listindex-does",[15,64899,64800],{},[20,64901,64902,72],{},[15,64903,64800],{},[192,64905,64906,64909,64912,64917],{},[195,64907,64908],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[195,64910,64911],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[195,64913,64914,64915],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64916,2237],{},[195,64918,64919],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64921,54499,64922,108],{},[395,64923,52703],{"href":54502},[30,64925,402],{"id":401},[20,64927,405],{},[35,64929,64931],{"className":37,"code":64930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64932,64933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64934,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943,64945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64936,8470],{"class":50},[44,64938,108],{"class":58},[44,64940,35768],{"class":111},[44,64942,157],{"class":58},[44,64944,2590],{"class":111},[44,64946,162],{"class":58},[20,64948,64949],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64951,64953],{"className":37,"code":64952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64954,64955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64956,64957,64959,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64958,8470],{"class":50},[44,64960,108],{"class":58},[44,64962,35768],{"class":111},[44,64964,157],{"class":58},[44,64966,2590],{"class":111},[44,64968,83],{"class":58},[44,64970,35974],{"class":111},[44,64972,83],{"class":58},[44,64974,64975],{"class":111}," end",[44,64977,162],{"class":58},[20,64979,64980],{},"Here is what each part means:",[192,64982,64983,64988,64993,64998],{},[195,64984,64985,64987],{},[15,64986,2590],{},": the item to search for",[195,64989,64990,64992],{},[15,64991,35995],{},": where the search begins",[195,64994,64995,64997],{},[15,64996,52592],{},": where the search stops",[195,64999,65000,4915,65002,65005],{},[15,65001,52592],{},[3868,65003,65004],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65007,65008,65009,65011,65012,108],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65010,35995],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65013,52592],{},[30,65015,37945],{"id":37944},[20,65017,65018,65020],{},[15,65019,64800],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65022,65023,65024,65027],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3868,65025,65026],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65029,223],{},[35,65031,65033],{"className":37,"code":65032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65034,65035,65055,65073,65077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65036,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65038,3741],{"class":50},[44,65040,55],{"class":54},[44,65042,3746],{"class":58},[44,65044,2448],{"class":95},[44,65046,83],{"class":58},[44,65048,96],{"class":95},[44,65050,83],{"class":58},[44,65052,7925],{"class":95},[44,65054,3759],{"class":58},[44,65056,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65058,1340],{"class":50},[44,65060,55],{"class":54},[44,65062,4392],{"class":50},[44,65064,108],{"class":58},[44,65066,35768],{"class":111},[44,65068,157],{"class":58},[44,65070,15839],{"class":95},[44,65072,162],{"class":58},[44,65074,65075],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65076,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,65078,65079,65081,65083,65085],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,65080,154],{"class":153},[44,65082,157],{"class":58},[44,65084,1376],{"class":111},[44,65086,162],{"class":58},[20,65088,330],{},[35,65090,65091],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65092,65093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65094,65095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65096,46846],{"class":95},[20,65098,65099,65100,65102],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65101,58901],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,65104,65106],{"id":65105},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65108,65109],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,65111,65113],{"className":37,"code":65112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65114,65115,65147,65169,65173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65116,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65118,36162],{"class":50},[44,65120,55],{"class":54},[44,65122,3746],{"class":58},[44,65124,63],{"class":62},[44,65126,4207],{"class":66},[44,65128,63],{"class":62},[44,65130,83],{"class":58},[44,65132,75],{"class":62},[44,65134,4216],{"class":66},[44,65136,63],{"class":62},[44,65138,83],{"class":58},[44,65140,75],{"class":62},[44,65142,4225],{"class":66},[44,65144,63],{"class":62},[44,65146,3759],{"class":58},[44,65148,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65150,64854],{"class":50},[44,65152,55],{"class":54},[44,65154,52783],{"class":50},[44,65156,108],{"class":58},[44,65158,35768],{"class":111},[44,65160,157],{"class":58},[44,65162,63],{"class":62},[44,65164,4225],{"class":66},[44,65166,63],{"class":62},[44,65168,162],{"class":58},[44,65170,65171],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65172,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,65174,65175,65177,65179,65181],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,65176,154],{"class":153},[44,65178,157],{"class":58},[44,65180,64881],{"class":111},[44,65182,162],{"class":58},[20,65184,330],{},[35,65186,65187],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65188,65189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65190,65191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65192,17137],{"class":95},[20,65194,65195],{},"In this list:",[192,65197,65198,65205,65212],{},[195,65199,65200,65202,65203],{},[15,65201,57766],{}," is at index ",[15,65204,2237],{},[195,65206,65207,65202,65210],{},[15,65208,65209],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65211,3108],{},[195,65213,65214,65202,65217],{},[15,65215,65216],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65218,2173],{},[20,65220,53585,65221,1298,65224,108],{},[15,65222,65223],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65225,2173],{},[20,65227,51474,65228,108],{},[395,65229,65231],{"href":65230},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,65233,65235],{"id":65234},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65237,65238,65239,65241],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65240,58901],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,65243,65245],{"className":37,"code":65244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65246,65247,65287,65291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65248,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65250,13172],{"class":50},[44,65252,55],{"class":54},[44,65254,3746],{"class":58},[44,65256,63],{"class":62},[44,65258,13189],{"class":66},[44,65260,63],{"class":62},[44,65262,83],{"class":58},[44,65264,75],{"class":62},[44,65266,13206],{"class":66},[44,65268,63],{"class":62},[44,65270,83],{"class":58},[44,65272,75],{"class":62},[44,65274,13189],{"class":66},[44,65276,63],{"class":62},[44,65278,83],{"class":58},[44,65280,75],{"class":62},[44,65282,17534],{"class":66},[44,65284,63],{"class":62},[44,65286,3759],{"class":58},[44,65288,65289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65290,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,65292,65293,65295,65297,65299,65301,65303,65305,65307,65309,65311],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65294,154],{"class":153},[44,65296,157],{"class":58},[44,65298,17581],{"class":111},[44,65300,108],{"class":58},[44,65302,35768],{"class":111},[44,65304,157],{"class":58},[44,65306,63],{"class":62},[44,65308,13189],{"class":66},[44,65310,63],{"class":62},[44,65312,1869],{"class":58},[20,65314,330],{},[35,65316,65317],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65318,65319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65320,65321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65322,47181],{"class":95},[20,65324,21049,65325,65328,65329,65331],{},[15,65326,65327],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65330,2237],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65333,65334,65335,108],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[395,65336,55452,65337,10852],{"href":58960},[15,65338,57223],{},[30,65340,567,65342,4523,65344],{"id":65341},"using-start-and-end",[15,65343,35995],{},[15,65345,52592],{},[20,65347,65348,65349,4523,65351,65353],{},"The optional ",[15,65350,35995],{},[15,65352,52592],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65355,65357],{"className":37,"code":65356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65358,65359,65407,65411,65436,65465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65360,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65362,36013],{"class":50},[44,65364,55],{"class":54},[44,65366,3746],{"class":58},[44,65368,63],{"class":62},[44,65370,395],{"class":66},[44,65372,63],{"class":62},[44,65374,83],{"class":58},[44,65376,75],{"class":62},[44,65378,1005],{"class":66},[44,65380,63],{"class":62},[44,65382,83],{"class":58},[44,65384,75],{"class":62},[44,65386,9855],{"class":66},[44,65388,63],{"class":62},[44,65390,83],{"class":58},[44,65392,75],{"class":62},[44,65394,1005],{"class":66},[44,65396,63],{"class":62},[44,65398,83],{"class":58},[44,65400,75],{"class":62},[44,65402,18844],{"class":66},[44,65404,63],{"class":62},[44,65406,3759],{"class":58},[44,65408,65409],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65410,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,65412,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65414,154],{"class":153},[44,65416,157],{"class":58},[44,65418,36066],{"class":111},[44,65420,108],{"class":58},[44,65422,35768],{"class":111},[44,65424,157],{"class":58},[44,65426,63],{"class":62},[44,65428,1005],{"class":66},[44,65430,63],{"class":62},[44,65432,5491],{"class":58},[44,65434,65435],{"class":168},"        # first match\n",[44,65437,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460,65462],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,65439,154],{"class":153},[44,65441,157],{"class":58},[44,65443,36066],{"class":111},[44,65445,108],{"class":58},[44,65447,35768],{"class":111},[44,65449,157],{"class":58},[44,65451,63],{"class":62},[44,65453,1005],{"class":66},[44,65455,63],{"class":62},[44,65457,83],{"class":58},[44,65459,1012],{"class":95},[44,65461,5491],{"class":58},[44,65463,65464],{"class":168},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65466,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,65468,154],{"class":153},[44,65470,157],{"class":58},[44,65472,36066],{"class":111},[44,65474,108],{"class":58},[44,65476,35768],{"class":111},[44,65478,157],{"class":58},[44,65480,63],{"class":62},[44,65482,1005],{"class":66},[44,65484,63],{"class":62},[44,65486,83],{"class":58},[44,65488,504],{"class":95},[44,65490,83],{"class":58},[44,65492,2574],{"class":95},[44,65494,5491],{"class":58},[44,65496,65497],{"class":168},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65499,330],{},[35,65501,65503],{"className":37,"code":65502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65504,65505,65509,65513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65506,65507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65508,46846],{"class":95},[44,65510,65511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65512,46546],{"class":95},[44,65514,65515],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65516,46846],{"class":95},[20,65518,65519],{},"How this works:",[192,65521,65522,65534,65547],{},[195,65523,65524,65527,65528,65531,65532],{},[15,65525,65526],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65529,65530],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65533,3108],{},[195,65535,65536,65539,65540,65542,65543,65531,65545],{},[15,65537,65538],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65541,2173],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65544,65530],{},[15,65546,2179],{},[195,65548,65549,65552,65553,2307,65555,17153,65557],{},[15,65550,65551],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65554,3108],{},[15,65556,2173],{},[15,65558,2179],{},[20,65560,65561],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65563,65565],{"id":65564},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65567,65568,65569,108],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65570,40630],{},[20,65572,223],{},[35,65574,65576],{"className":37,"code":65575,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65577,65578,65610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65579,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594,65596,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65581,7910],{"class":50},[44,65583,55],{"class":54},[44,65585,3746],{"class":58},[44,65587,63],{"class":62},[44,65589,4207],{"class":66},[44,65591,63],{"class":62},[44,65593,83],{"class":58},[44,65595,75],{"class":62},[44,65597,4216],{"class":66},[44,65599,63],{"class":62},[44,65601,83],{"class":58},[44,65603,75],{"class":62},[44,65605,4225],{"class":66},[44,65607,63],{"class":62},[44,65609,3759],{"class":58},[44,65611,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65613,154],{"class":153},[44,65615,157],{"class":58},[44,65617,7940],{"class":111},[44,65619,108],{"class":58},[44,65621,35768],{"class":111},[44,65623,157],{"class":58},[44,65625,63],{"class":62},[44,65627,33140],{"class":66},[44,65629,63],{"class":62},[44,65631,1869],{"class":58},[20,65633,39579,65634,65637],{},[15,65635,65636],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65639,65640],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65642,65644],{"className":37,"code":65643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65645,65646,65678,65691,65695,65708,65727,65733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65647,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65649,7910],{"class":50},[44,65651,55],{"class":54},[44,65653,3746],{"class":58},[44,65655,63],{"class":62},[44,65657,4207],{"class":66},[44,65659,63],{"class":62},[44,65661,83],{"class":58},[44,65663,75],{"class":62},[44,65665,4216],{"class":66},[44,65667,63],{"class":62},[44,65669,83],{"class":58},[44,65671,75],{"class":62},[44,65673,4225],{"class":66},[44,65675,63],{"class":62},[44,65677,3759],{"class":58},[44,65679,65680,65683,65685,65687,65689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65681,65682],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65684,55],{"class":54},[44,65686,75],{"class":62},[44,65688,33140],{"class":66},[44,65690,3479],{"class":62},[44,65692,65693],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65694,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,65696,65697,65699,65702,65704,65706],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,65698,7128],{"class":4002},[44,65700,65701],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65703,4009],{"class":54},[44,65705,6095],{"class":50},[44,65707,6523],{"class":58},[44,65709,65710,65712,65714,65716,65718,65720,65722,65725],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,65711,8200],{"class":153},[44,65713,157],{"class":58},[44,65715,7940],{"class":111},[44,65717,108],{"class":58},[44,65719,35768],{"class":111},[44,65721,157],{"class":58},[44,65723,65724],{"class":111},"search_value",[44,65726,1869],{"class":58},[44,65728,65729,65731],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,65730,27502],{"class":4002},[44,65732,6523],{"class":58},[44,65734,65735,65737,65739,65741,65744,65746],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,65736,8200],{"class":153},[44,65738,157],{"class":58},[44,65740,63],{"class":62},[44,65742,65743],{"class":66},"Item not found",[44,65745,63],{"class":62},[44,65747,162],{"class":58},[20,65749,330],{},[35,65751,65753],{"className":37,"code":65752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65754,65755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65756,65757,65760,65762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65758,65759],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65761,4762],{"class":54},[44,65763,65764],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65766,65767],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65769,65770,65771,108],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[395,65772,65774],{"href":65773},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,65776,4649],{"id":4648},[20,65778,21283,65779,72],{},[15,65780,64800],{},[192,65782,65783,65801,65813,65873],{},[195,65784,25843,65785,1298,65787,65790,65791,65793,65794,5291,65796,65798,65799,108],{},[15,65786,58901],{},[15,65788,65789],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9961,65792],{},"\nPython does ",[3868,65795,4762],{},[15,65797,65789],{},". It raises ",[15,65800,40630],{},[195,65802,65803,65804,65806,65809,65810,65812],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9961,65805],{},[15,65807,65808],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65811,65209],{},", not the value itself.",[195,65814,567,65815,11202,65818,65820,65822,65823,1436,65825,65848,16725,65850],{},[15,65816,65817],{},"index[]",[15,65819,58901],{},[9961,65821],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9961,65824],{},[35,65826,65828],{"className":37,"code":65827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65829,65830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65831,65832,65834,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65833,7940],{"class":50},[44,65835,108],{"class":58},[44,65837,35768],{"class":111},[44,65839,157],{"class":58},[44,65841,63],{"class":62},[44,65843,4216],{"class":66},[44,65845,63],{"class":62},[44,65847,162],{"class":58},[9961,65849],{},[35,65851,65853],{"className":37,"code":65852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65854,65855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65856,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65858,7940],{"class":50},[44,65860,108],{"class":58},[44,65862,35768],{"class":1923},[44,65864,4027],{"class":58},[44,65866,63],{"class":62},[44,65868,4216],{"class":66},[44,65870,63],{"class":62},[44,65872,3759],{"class":58},[195,65874,65875,65876,65878,4523,65881,65883,65884],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9961,65877],{},[15,65879,65880],{},"\"3\"",[15,65882,2179],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65885,65887],{"className":37,"code":65886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65888,65889,65909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65890,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65892,3741],{"class":50},[44,65894,55],{"class":54},[44,65896,3746],{"class":58},[44,65898,3108],{"class":95},[44,65900,83],{"class":58},[44,65902,1012],{"class":95},[44,65904,83],{"class":58},[44,65906,1017],{"class":95},[44,65908,3759],{"class":58},[44,65910,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925,65927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65912,154],{"class":153},[44,65914,157],{"class":58},[44,65916,63],{"class":62},[44,65918,2179],{"class":66},[44,65920,63],{"class":62},[44,65922,21245],{"class":4002},[44,65924,4392],{"class":111},[44,65926,3786],{"class":58},[44,65928,4903],{"class":168},[20,65930,65931],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65933,65935],{"className":37,"code":65934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65936,65937,65947,65961,65975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65938,65939,65941,65943,65945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65940,154],{"class":153},[44,65942,157],{"class":58},[44,65944,8470],{"class":111},[44,65946,162],{"class":58},[44,65948,65949,65951,65953,65955,65957,65959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,65950,154],{"class":153},[44,65952,157],{"class":58},[44,65954,1862],{"class":1861},[44,65956,157],{"class":58},[44,65958,65724],{"class":111},[44,65960,1869],{"class":58},[44,65962,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,65964,154],{"class":153},[44,65966,157],{"class":58},[44,65968,65682],{"class":111},[44,65970,4009],{"class":4002},[44,65972,8527],{"class":111},[44,65974,162],{"class":58},[44,65976,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,65978,154],{"class":153},[44,65980,157],{"class":58},[44,65982,8470],{"class":111},[44,65984,108],{"class":58},[44,65986,35768],{"class":111},[44,65988,157],{"class":58},[44,65990,65724],{"class":111},[44,65992,1869],{"class":58},[20,65994,65995],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65997,65998],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[192,66000,66001,66004,66011,66017],{},[195,66002,66003],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[195,66005,66006,66007,11202,66009],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66008,65880],{},[15,66010,2179],{},[195,66012,66013,66014,66016],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66015,58901],{}," returns only the first one",[195,66018,66019],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,66021,1551,66023],{"id":66022},"when-to-use-index",[15,66024,58901],{},[20,66026,172,66027,1558],{},[15,66028,58901],{},[192,66030,66031,66034,66037],{},[195,66032,66033],{},"You need the position of a known value",[195,66035,66036],{},"You are working with a small list",[195,66038,66039],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66041,66042],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,66044,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,66046,5273,66048,5276],{"id":66047},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66049,64800],{},[20,66051,66052],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1960,66054,1963,66056,5291,66058,66060],{"id":66055},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66057,64800],{},[15,66059,65789],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66062,66063,66064,6761],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66065,40630],{},[1960,66067,1984,66069,66071],{"id":66068},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66070,64800],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66073,66074],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1960,66076,66078,66079,2610],{"id":66077},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66080,58901],{},[20,66082,66083,66084,4523,66086,66088],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66085,35995],{},[15,66087,52592],{}," arguments.",[30,66090,2020],{"id":2019},[192,66092,66093,66097,66101,66105],{},[195,66094,66095],{},[395,66096,58889],{"href":65230},[195,66098,66099],{},[395,66100,52703],{"href":54502},[195,66102,66103],{},[395,66104,65774],{"href":65773},[195,66106,66107],{},[395,66108,55452,66109,10852],{"href":58960},[15,66110,57223],{},[2048,66112,66113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":66115},[66116,66117,66119,66120,66121,66122,66123,66125,66126,66127,66129,66139],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":64897,"depth":102,"text":66118},"What list.index() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":37944,"depth":102,"text":37945},{"id":65105,"depth":102,"text":65106},{"id":65234,"depth":102,"text":65235},{"id":65341,"depth":102,"text":66124},"Using start and end",{"id":65564,"depth":102,"text":65565},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649},{"id":66022,"depth":102,"text":66128},"When to use index()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":66130},[66131,66133,66135,66137],{"id":66047,"depth":150,"text":66132},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66055,"depth":150,"text":66134},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66068,"depth":150,"text":66136},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66077,"depth":150,"text":66138},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64788,"description":66140},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66147,"title":66148,"body":66149,"description":68091,"extension":2080,"meta":68092,"navigation":682,"path":68093,"seo":68094,"stem":68095,"__hash__":68096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66150,"toc":68051},[66151,66156,66161,66164,66173,66230,66236,66241,66245,66259,66265,66267,66290,66307,66309,66370,66372,66404,66417,66419,66422,66522,66524,66602,66608,66612,66620,66624,66630,66685,66687,66711,66715,66718,66771,66773,66797,66801,66804,66857,66859,66883,66887,66893,66964,66966,67007,67013,67020,67023,67028,67036,67041,67049,67051,67148,67150,67219,67226,67231,67233,67237,67242,67244,67315,67317,67346,67352,67354,67381,67384,67407,67411,67414,67436,67439,67462,67464,67524,67526,67558,67564,67569,67622,67624,67649,67652,67701,67703,67724,67728,67733,67736,67791,67793,67820,67827,67831,67836,67907,67910,67924,67929,67934,67936,67950,67962,67967,67969,67974,67979,67983,67986,67992,67998,68005,68013,68015,68048],[10,66152,54274,66154,18],{"id":66153},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66155,54200],{},[20,66157,66158,66160],{},[15,66159,53843],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66162,66163],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66165,172,66166,66168,66169,108],{},[15,66167,54200],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[395,66170,55452,66171,10852],{"href":56701},[15,66172,52584],{},[35,66174,66176],{"className":37,"code":66175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66177,66178,66198,66216,66226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66179,66180,66182,66184,66186,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66181,3741],{"class":50},[44,66183,55],{"class":54},[44,66185,3746],{"class":58},[44,66187,3108],{"class":95},[44,66189,83],{"class":58},[44,66191,1012],{"class":95},[44,66193,83],{"class":58},[44,66195,2574],{"class":95},[44,66197,3759],{"class":58},[44,66199,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66201,3773],{"class":50},[44,66203,108],{"class":58},[44,66205,53883],{"class":111},[44,66207,157],{"class":58},[44,66209,2173],{"class":95},[44,66211,83],{"class":58},[44,66213,1017],{"class":95},[44,66215,162],{"class":58},[44,66217,66218,66220,66222,66224],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66219,154],{"class":153},[44,66221,157],{"class":58},[44,66223,3773],{"class":111},[44,66225,162],{"class":58},[44,66227,66228],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,66229,52655],{"class":168},[20,66231,172,66232,66235],{},[15,66233,66234],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,66237,179,66239,182],{"id":66238},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66240,53843],{},[20,66242,66243,72],{},[15,66244,53843],{},[192,66246,66247,66250,66253,66255],{},[195,66248,66249],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[195,66251,66252],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[195,66254,54360],{},[195,66256,11530,66257],{},[15,66258,217],{},[20,66260,66261,66262,66264],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66263,54200],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,66266,5561],{"id":5560},[35,66268,66270],{"className":37,"code":66269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66271,66272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66273,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66275,8470],{"class":50},[44,66277,108],{"class":58},[44,66279,53883],{"class":111},[44,66281,157],{"class":58},[44,66283,35768],{"class":111},[44,66285,83],{"class":58},[44,66287,29573],{"class":111},[44,66289,162],{"class":58},[192,66291,66292,66297,66302],{},[195,66293,66294,66296],{},[15,66295,35768],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[195,66298,66299,66301],{},[15,66300,23381],{}," is the value to add",[195,66303,66304,66305],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66306,2237],{},[20,66308,223],{},[35,66310,66312],{"className":37,"code":66311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66313,66314,66338,66360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66315,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66317,36013],{"class":50},[44,66319,55],{"class":54},[44,66321,3746],{"class":58},[44,66323,63],{"class":62},[44,66325,395],{"class":66},[44,66327,63],{"class":62},[44,66329,83],{"class":58},[44,66331,75],{"class":62},[44,66333,9855],{"class":66},[44,66335,63],{"class":62},[44,66337,3759],{"class":58},[44,66339,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66341,36066],{"class":50},[44,66343,108],{"class":58},[44,66345,53883],{"class":111},[44,66347,157],{"class":58},[44,66349,3108],{"class":95},[44,66351,83],{"class":58},[44,66353,75],{"class":62},[44,66355,1005],{"class":66},[44,66357,63],{"class":62},[44,66359,162],{"class":58},[44,66361,66362,66364,66366,66368],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66363,154],{"class":153},[44,66365,157],{"class":58},[44,66367,36066],{"class":111},[44,66369,162],{"class":58},[20,66371,330],{},[35,66373,66374],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66375,66376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66377,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66379,4027],{"class":58},[44,66381,343],{"class":62},[44,66383,395],{"class":66},[44,66385,343],{"class":62},[44,66387,83],{"class":58},[44,66389,352],{"class":62},[44,66391,1005],{"class":66},[44,66393,343],{"class":62},[44,66395,83],{"class":58},[44,66397,352],{"class":62},[44,66399,9855],{"class":66},[44,66401,343],{"class":62},[44,66403,3759],{"class":58},[20,66405,20843,66406,66408,66409,66411,66412,4523,66414,108],{},[15,66407,65530],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66410,3108],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66413,18174],{},[15,66415,66416],{},"\"c\"",[30,66418,5916],{"id":5915},[20,66420,66421],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66423,66425],{"className":37,"code":66424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66426,66427,66459,66477,66481,66503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66428,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455,66457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66430,13172],{"class":50},[44,66432,55],{"class":54},[44,66434,3746],{"class":58},[44,66436,63],{"class":62},[44,66438,13189],{"class":66},[44,66440,63],{"class":62},[44,66442,83],{"class":58},[44,66444,75],{"class":62},[44,66446,13206],{"class":66},[44,66448,63],{"class":62},[44,66450,83],{"class":58},[44,66452,75],{"class":62},[44,66454,17534],{"class":66},[44,66456,63],{"class":62},[44,66458,3759],{"class":58},[44,66460,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66462,154],{"class":153},[44,66464,157],{"class":58},[44,66466,63],{"class":62},[44,66468,11669],{"class":66},[44,66470,63],{"class":62},[44,66472,83],{"class":58},[44,66474,13220],{"class":111},[44,66476,162],{"class":58},[44,66478,66479],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66480,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,66482,66483,66485,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,66484,17581],{"class":50},[44,66486,108],{"class":58},[44,66488,53883],{"class":111},[44,66490,157],{"class":58},[44,66492,3108],{"class":95},[44,66494,83],{"class":58},[44,66496,75],{"class":62},[44,66498,22594],{"class":66},[44,66500,63],{"class":62},[44,66502,162],{"class":58},[44,66504,66505,66507,66509,66511,66514,66516,66518,66520],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,66506,154],{"class":153},[44,66508,157],{"class":58},[44,66510,63],{"class":62},[44,66512,66513],{"class":66},"After: ",[44,66515,63],{"class":62},[44,66517,83],{"class":58},[44,66519,13220],{"class":111},[44,66521,162],{"class":58},[20,66523,330],{},[35,66525,66527],{"className":37,"code":66526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66528,66529,66561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66530,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66532,11728],{"class":50},[44,66534,72],{"class":58},[44,66536,3746],{"class":58},[44,66538,343],{"class":62},[44,66540,13189],{"class":66},[44,66542,343],{"class":62},[44,66544,83],{"class":58},[44,66546,352],{"class":62},[44,66548,13206],{"class":66},[44,66550,343],{"class":62},[44,66552,83],{"class":58},[44,66554,352],{"class":62},[44,66556,17534],{"class":66},[44,66558,343],{"class":62},[44,66560,3759],{"class":58},[44,66562,66563,66565,66567,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66564,11781],{"class":50},[44,66566,72],{"class":58},[44,66568,66569],{"class":58},"  [",[44,66571,343],{"class":62},[44,66573,13189],{"class":66},[44,66575,343],{"class":62},[44,66577,83],{"class":58},[44,66579,352],{"class":62},[44,66581,22594],{"class":66},[44,66583,343],{"class":62},[44,66585,83],{"class":58},[44,66587,352],{"class":62},[44,66589,13206],{"class":66},[44,66591,343],{"class":62},[44,66593,83],{"class":58},[44,66595,352],{"class":62},[44,66597,17534],{"class":66},[44,66599,343],{"class":62},[44,66601,3759],{"class":58},[20,66603,66604,66605,66607],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66606,3108],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66609,66611],{"id":66610},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66613,22,66614,35251,66616,66619],{},[15,66615,35768],{},[15,66617,66618],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1960,66621,66623],{"id":66622},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66625,66626,66627,66629],{},"Use index ",[15,66628,2237],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66631,66633],{"className":37,"code":66632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66634,66635,66656,66675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66636,66637,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66638,66639],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66641,55],{"class":54},[44,66643,3746],{"class":58},[44,66645,2173],{"class":95},[44,66647,83],{"class":58},[44,66649,1017],{"class":95},[44,66651,83],{"class":58},[44,66653,2574],{"class":95},[44,66655,3759],{"class":58},[44,66657,66658,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66659,66660],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66662,108],{"class":58},[44,66664,53883],{"class":111},[44,66666,157],{"class":58},[44,66668,2237],{"class":95},[44,66670,83],{"class":58},[44,66672,504],{"class":95},[44,66674,162],{"class":58},[44,66676,66677,66679,66681,66683],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66678,154],{"class":153},[44,66680,157],{"class":58},[44,66682,66660],{"class":111},[44,66684,162],{"class":58},[20,66686,330],{},[35,66688,66689],{"className":37,"code":53437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66690,66691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66692,66693,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66694,4027],{"class":58},[44,66696,3108],{"class":95},[44,66698,83],{"class":58},[44,66700,1012],{"class":95},[44,66702,83],{"class":58},[44,66704,1017],{"class":95},[44,66706,83],{"class":58},[44,66708,2574],{"class":95},[44,66710,3759],{"class":58},[1960,66712,66714],{"id":66713},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66716,66717],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66719,66721],{"className":37,"code":66720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66722,66723,66743,66761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66724,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66726,66639],{"class":50},[44,66728,55],{"class":54},[44,66730,3746],{"class":58},[44,66732,3108],{"class":95},[44,66734,83],{"class":58},[44,66736,1012],{"class":95},[44,66738,83],{"class":58},[44,66740,2574],{"class":95},[44,66742,3759],{"class":58},[44,66744,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757,66759],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66746,66660],{"class":50},[44,66748,108],{"class":58},[44,66750,53883],{"class":111},[44,66752,157],{"class":58},[44,66754,2173],{"class":95},[44,66756,83],{"class":58},[44,66758,1017],{"class":95},[44,66760,162],{"class":58},[44,66762,66763,66765,66767,66769],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66764,154],{"class":153},[44,66766,157],{"class":58},[44,66768,66660],{"class":111},[44,66770,162],{"class":58},[20,66772,330],{},[35,66774,66775],{"className":37,"code":53437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66776,66777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66778,66779,66781,66783,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66780,4027],{"class":58},[44,66782,3108],{"class":95},[44,66784,83],{"class":58},[44,66786,1012],{"class":95},[44,66788,83],{"class":58},[44,66790,1017],{"class":95},[44,66792,83],{"class":58},[44,66794,2574],{"class":95},[44,66796,3759],{"class":58},[1960,66798,66800],{"id":66799},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66802,66803],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66805,66807],{"className":37,"code":66806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66808,66809,66829,66847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66810,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66812,66639],{"class":50},[44,66814,55],{"class":54},[44,66816,3746],{"class":58},[44,66818,3108],{"class":95},[44,66820,83],{"class":58},[44,66822,1012],{"class":95},[44,66824,83],{"class":58},[44,66826,1017],{"class":95},[44,66828,3759],{"class":58},[44,66830,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66832,66660],{"class":50},[44,66834,108],{"class":58},[44,66836,53883],{"class":111},[44,66838,157],{"class":58},[44,66840,2448],{"class":95},[44,66842,83],{"class":58},[44,66844,2574],{"class":95},[44,66846,162],{"class":58},[44,66848,66849,66851,66853,66855],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66850,154],{"class":153},[44,66852,157],{"class":58},[44,66854,66660],{"class":111},[44,66856,162],{"class":58},[20,66858,330],{},[35,66860,66861],{"className":37,"code":53437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66862,66863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66864,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66866,4027],{"class":58},[44,66868,3108],{"class":95},[44,66870,83],{"class":58},[44,66872,1012],{"class":95},[44,66874,83],{"class":58},[44,66876,1017],{"class":95},[44,66878,83],{"class":58},[44,66880,2574],{"class":95},[44,66882,3759],{"class":58},[1960,66884,66886],{"id":66885},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66888,66889,66890,66892],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66891,54200],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66894,66896],{"className":37,"code":66895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66897,66898,66930,66954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66899,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914,66916,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66901,36013],{"class":50},[44,66903,55],{"class":54},[44,66905,3746],{"class":58},[44,66907,63],{"class":62},[44,66909,395],{"class":66},[44,66911,63],{"class":62},[44,66913,83],{"class":58},[44,66915,75],{"class":62},[44,66917,1005],{"class":66},[44,66919,63],{"class":62},[44,66921,83],{"class":58},[44,66923,75],{"class":62},[44,66925,18844],{"class":66},[44,66927,63],{"class":62},[44,66929,3759],{"class":58},[44,66931,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,66933,36066],{"class":50},[44,66935,108],{"class":58},[44,66937,53883],{"class":111},[44,66939,157],{"class":58},[44,66941,2138],{"class":54},[44,66943,3108],{"class":95},[44,66945,83],{"class":58},[44,66947,75],{"class":62},[44,66949,9855],{"class":66},[44,66951,63],{"class":62},[44,66953,162],{"class":58},[44,66955,66956,66958,66960,66962],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,66957,154],{"class":153},[44,66959,157],{"class":58},[44,66961,36066],{"class":111},[44,66963,162],{"class":58},[20,66965,330],{},[35,66967,66969],{"className":37,"code":66968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66970,66971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66972,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66974,4027],{"class":58},[44,66976,343],{"class":62},[44,66978,395],{"class":66},[44,66980,343],{"class":62},[44,66982,83],{"class":58},[44,66984,352],{"class":62},[44,66986,1005],{"class":66},[44,66988,343],{"class":62},[44,66990,83],{"class":58},[44,66992,352],{"class":62},[44,66994,9855],{"class":66},[44,66996,343],{"class":62},[44,66998,83],{"class":58},[44,67000,352],{"class":62},[44,67002,18844],{"class":66},[44,67004,343],{"class":62},[44,67006,3759],{"class":58},[20,67008,67009,67010,2421],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[395,67011,67012],{"href":50910},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,67014,67016,10698,67018],{"id":67015},"insert-vs-append",[15,67017,54200],{},[15,67019,52584],{},[20,67021,67022],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1960,67024,172,67026,1558],{"id":67025},"use-insert-when",[15,67027,54200],{},[192,67029,67030,67033],{},[195,67031,67032],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[195,67034,67035],{},"The order of the list matters",[1960,67037,172,67039,1558],{"id":67038},"use-append-when",[15,67040,52584],{},[192,67042,67043,67046],{},[195,67044,67045],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[195,67047,67048],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67050,223],{},[35,67052,67054],{"className":37,"code":67053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67055,67056,67080,67084,67106,67116,67120,67138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67057,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070,67072,67074,67076,67078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67059,7910],{"class":50},[44,67061,55],{"class":54},[44,67063,3746],{"class":58},[44,67065,63],{"class":62},[44,67067,4207],{"class":66},[44,67069,63],{"class":62},[44,67071,83],{"class":58},[44,67073,75],{"class":62},[44,67075,33140],{"class":66},[44,67077,63],{"class":62},[44,67079,3759],{"class":58},[44,67081,67082],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67083,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,67085,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67087,7940],{"class":50},[44,67089,108],{"class":58},[44,67091,53883],{"class":111},[44,67093,157],{"class":58},[44,67095,3108],{"class":95},[44,67097,83],{"class":58},[44,67099,75],{"class":62},[44,67101,4216],{"class":66},[44,67103,63],{"class":62},[44,67105,162],{"class":58},[44,67107,67108,67110,67112,67114],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,67109,154],{"class":153},[44,67111,157],{"class":58},[44,67113,7940],{"class":111},[44,67115,162],{"class":58},[44,67117,67118],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,67119,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,67121,67122,67124,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,67123,7940],{"class":50},[44,67125,108],{"class":58},[44,67127,13646],{"class":111},[44,67129,157],{"class":58},[44,67131,63],{"class":62},[44,67133,22603],{"class":66},[44,67135,63],{"class":62},[44,67137,162],{"class":58},[44,67139,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,67141,154],{"class":153},[44,67143,157],{"class":58},[44,67145,7940],{"class":111},[44,67147,162],{"class":58},[20,67149,330],{},[35,67151,67153],{"className":37,"code":67152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67154,67155,67183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67156,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67158,4027],{"class":58},[44,67160,343],{"class":62},[44,67162,4207],{"class":66},[44,67164,343],{"class":62},[44,67166,83],{"class":58},[44,67168,352],{"class":62},[44,67170,4216],{"class":66},[44,67172,343],{"class":62},[44,67174,83],{"class":58},[44,67176,352],{"class":62},[44,67178,33140],{"class":66},[44,67180,343],{"class":62},[44,67182,3759],{"class":58},[44,67184,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203,67205,67207,67209,67211,67213,67215,67217],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67186,4027],{"class":58},[44,67188,343],{"class":62},[44,67190,4207],{"class":66},[44,67192,343],{"class":62},[44,67194,83],{"class":58},[44,67196,352],{"class":62},[44,67198,4216],{"class":66},[44,67200,343],{"class":62},[44,67202,83],{"class":58},[44,67204,352],{"class":62},[44,67206,33140],{"class":66},[44,67208,343],{"class":62},[44,67210,83],{"class":58},[44,67212,352],{"class":62},[44,67214,22603],{"class":66},[44,67216,343],{"class":62},[44,67218,3759],{"class":58},[20,67220,67221,67222,108],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[395,67223,55452,67224,10852],{"href":56701},[15,67225,52584],{},[20,67227,67228,67229,108],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[395,67230,52981],{"href":52980},[30,67232,4649],{"id":4648},[20,67234,14820,67235,108],{},[15,67236,54200],{},[1960,67238,1813,67240],{"id":67239},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67241,54200],{},[20,67243,25759],{},[35,67245,67247],{"className":37,"code":67246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67248,67249,67269,67291,67295,67305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67250,67251,67253,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67252,3741],{"class":50},[44,67254,55],{"class":54},[44,67256,3746],{"class":58},[44,67258,3108],{"class":95},[44,67260,83],{"class":58},[44,67262,1012],{"class":95},[44,67264,83],{"class":58},[44,67266,1017],{"class":95},[44,67268,3759],{"class":58},[44,67270,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67272,1340],{"class":50},[44,67274,55],{"class":54},[44,67276,4392],{"class":50},[44,67278,108],{"class":58},[44,67280,53883],{"class":111},[44,67282,157],{"class":58},[44,67284,3108],{"class":95},[44,67286,83],{"class":58},[44,67288,10312],{"class":95},[44,67290,162],{"class":58},[44,67292,67293],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67294,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,67296,67297,67299,67301,67303],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,67298,154],{"class":153},[44,67300,157],{"class":58},[44,67302,1376],{"class":111},[44,67304,162],{"class":58},[44,67306,67307,67309,67311,67313],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,67308,154],{"class":153},[44,67310,157],{"class":58},[44,67312,3773],{"class":111},[44,67314,162],{"class":58},[20,67316,330],{},[35,67318,67320],{"className":37,"code":67319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67321,67322,67326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67323,67324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67325,1401],{"class":1400},[44,67327,67328,67330,67332,67334,67336,67338,67340,67342,67344],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67329,4027],{"class":58},[44,67331,3108],{"class":95},[44,67333,83],{"class":58},[44,67335,10312],{"class":95},[44,67337,83],{"class":58},[44,67339,1012],{"class":95},[44,67341,83],{"class":58},[44,67343,1017],{"class":95},[44,67345,3759],{"class":58},[20,67347,67348,54085,67350,108],{},[15,67349,54200],{},[15,67351,217],{},[20,67353,16725],{},[35,67355,67357],{"className":37,"code":67356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67358,67359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67362,55822],{"class":50},[44,67364,55],{"class":54},[44,67366,4392],{"class":50},[44,67368,108],{"class":58},[44,67370,53883],{"class":111},[44,67372,157],{"class":58},[44,67374,3108],{"class":95},[44,67376,83],{"class":58},[44,67378,10312],{"class":95},[44,67380,162],{"class":58},[20,67382,67383],{},"Right:",[35,67385,67387],{"className":37,"code":67386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67388,67389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67390,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67392,3773],{"class":50},[44,67394,108],{"class":58},[44,67396,53883],{"class":111},[44,67398,157],{"class":58},[44,67400,3108],{"class":95},[44,67402,83],{"class":58},[44,67404,10312],{"class":95},[44,67406,162],{"class":58},[1960,67408,67410],{"id":67409},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67412,67413],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67415,67416],{"className":37,"code":66269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67417,67418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67419,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67421,8470],{"class":50},[44,67423,108],{"class":58},[44,67425,53883],{"class":111},[44,67427,157],{"class":58},[44,67429,35768],{"class":111},[44,67431,83],{"class":58},[44,67433,29573],{"class":111},[44,67435,162],{"class":58},[20,67437,67438],{},"Not:",[35,67440,67442],{"className":37,"code":67441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67443,67444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67445,67446,67448,67450,67452,67454,67456,67458,67460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67447,8470],{"class":50},[44,67449,108],{"class":58},[44,67451,53883],{"class":111},[44,67453,157],{"class":58},[44,67455,23381],{"class":111},[44,67457,83],{"class":58},[44,67459,35743],{"class":111},[44,67461,162],{"class":58},[20,67463,223],{},[35,67465,67466],{"className":37,"code":66311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67467,67468,67492,67514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67469,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67471,36013],{"class":50},[44,67473,55],{"class":54},[44,67475,3746],{"class":58},[44,67477,63],{"class":62},[44,67479,395],{"class":66},[44,67481,63],{"class":62},[44,67483,83],{"class":58},[44,67485,75],{"class":62},[44,67487,9855],{"class":66},[44,67489,63],{"class":62},[44,67491,3759],{"class":58},[44,67493,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67495,36066],{"class":50},[44,67497,108],{"class":58},[44,67499,53883],{"class":111},[44,67501,157],{"class":58},[44,67503,3108],{"class":95},[44,67505,83],{"class":58},[44,67507,75],{"class":62},[44,67509,1005],{"class":66},[44,67511,63],{"class":62},[44,67513,162],{"class":58},[44,67515,67516,67518,67520,67522],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67517,154],{"class":153},[44,67519,157],{"class":58},[44,67521,36066],{"class":111},[44,67523,162],{"class":58},[20,67525,330],{},[35,67527,67528],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67529,67530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67531,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67533,4027],{"class":58},[44,67535,343],{"class":62},[44,67537,395],{"class":66},[44,67539,343],{"class":62},[44,67541,83],{"class":58},[44,67543,352],{"class":62},[44,67545,1005],{"class":66},[44,67547,343],{"class":62},[44,67549,83],{"class":58},[44,67551,352],{"class":62},[44,67553,9855],{"class":66},[44,67555,343],{"class":62},[44,67557,3759],{"class":58},[1960,67559,1821,67561,67563],{"id":67560},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67562,54200],{}," to replace an item",[20,67565,67566,67568],{},[15,67567,54200],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67570,67572],{"className":37,"code":67571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67573,67574,67594,67612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67575,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67577,3741],{"class":50},[44,67579,55],{"class":54},[44,67581,3746],{"class":58},[44,67583,3108],{"class":95},[44,67585,83],{"class":58},[44,67587,1012],{"class":95},[44,67589,83],{"class":58},[44,67591,1017],{"class":95},[44,67593,3759],{"class":58},[44,67595,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604,67606,67608,67610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67597,3773],{"class":50},[44,67599,108],{"class":58},[44,67601,53883],{"class":111},[44,67603,157],{"class":58},[44,67605,3108],{"class":95},[44,67607,83],{"class":58},[44,67609,10312],{"class":95},[44,67611,162],{"class":58},[44,67613,67614,67616,67618,67620],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67615,154],{"class":153},[44,67617,157],{"class":58},[44,67619,3773],{"class":111},[44,67621,162],{"class":58},[20,67623,330],{},[35,67625,67627],{"className":37,"code":67626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67628,67629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67630,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641,67643,67645,67647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67632,4027],{"class":58},[44,67634,3108],{"class":95},[44,67636,83],{"class":58},[44,67638,10312],{"class":95},[44,67640,83],{"class":58},[44,67642,1012],{"class":95},[44,67644,83],{"class":58},[44,67646,1017],{"class":95},[44,67648,3759],{"class":58},[20,67650,67651],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67653,67655],{"className":37,"code":67654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67656,67657,67677,67691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67658,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67660,3741],{"class":50},[44,67662,55],{"class":54},[44,67664,3746],{"class":58},[44,67666,3108],{"class":95},[44,67668,83],{"class":58},[44,67670,1012],{"class":95},[44,67672,83],{"class":58},[44,67674,1017],{"class":95},[44,67676,3759],{"class":58},[44,67678,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687,67689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67680,3773],{"class":50},[44,67682,4027],{"class":58},[44,67684,3108],{"class":95},[44,67686,13368],{"class":58},[44,67688,13371],{"class":54},[44,67690,14217],{"class":95},[44,67692,67693,67695,67697,67699],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67694,154],{"class":153},[44,67696,157],{"class":58},[44,67698,3773],{"class":111},[44,67700,162],{"class":58},[20,67702,330],{},[35,67704,67706],{"className":37,"code":67705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67707,67708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67709,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67711,4027],{"class":58},[44,67713,3108],{"class":95},[44,67715,83],{"class":58},[44,67717,10312],{"class":95},[44,67719,83],{"class":58},[44,67721,1017],{"class":95},[44,67723,3759],{"class":58},[1960,67725,67727],{"id":67726},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67729,67730,67732],{},[15,67731,54200],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67734,67735],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67737,67739],{"className":37,"code":67738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67740,67741,67757,67781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67742,67743,67745,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67744,3741],{"class":50},[44,67746,55],{"class":54},[44,67748,3746],{"class":58},[44,67750,3108],{"class":95},[44,67752,83],{"class":58},[44,67754,2574],{"class":95},[44,67756,3759],{"class":58},[44,67758,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67760,3773],{"class":50},[44,67762,108],{"class":58},[44,67764,53883],{"class":111},[44,67766,157],{"class":58},[44,67768,3108],{"class":95},[44,67770,83],{"class":58},[44,67772,3746],{"class":58},[44,67774,2173],{"class":95},[44,67776,83],{"class":58},[44,67778,1017],{"class":95},[44,67780,4015],{"class":58},[44,67782,67783,67785,67787,67789],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67784,154],{"class":153},[44,67786,157],{"class":58},[44,67788,3773],{"class":111},[44,67790,162],{"class":58},[20,67792,330],{},[35,67794,67796],{"className":37,"code":67795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67797,67798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67799,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816,67818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67801,4027],{"class":58},[44,67803,3108],{"class":95},[44,67805,83],{"class":58},[44,67807,3746],{"class":58},[44,67809,2173],{"class":95},[44,67811,83],{"class":58},[44,67813,1017],{"class":95},[44,67815,18140],{"class":58},[44,67817,2574],{"class":95},[44,67819,3759],{"class":58},[20,67821,67822,67823,108],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[395,67824,55452,67825,10852],{"href":53276},[15,67826,53378],{},[1960,67828,67830],{"id":67829},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67832,9005,67833,67835],{},[15,67834,54200],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67837,67839],{"className":37,"code":67838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67840,67841,67851,67865,67883,67897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67842,67843,67845,67847,67849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67844,154],{"class":153},[44,67846,157],{"class":58},[44,67848,8470],{"class":111},[44,67850,162],{"class":58},[44,67852,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,67854,154],{"class":153},[44,67856,157],{"class":58},[44,67858,11271],{"class":153},[44,67860,157],{"class":58},[44,67862,8470],{"class":111},[44,67864,1869],{"class":58},[44,67866,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879,67881],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,67868,154],{"class":153},[44,67870,157],{"class":58},[44,67872,8470],{"class":111},[44,67874,108],{"class":58},[44,67876,53883],{"class":1923},[44,67878,108],{"class":58},[44,67880,34366],{"class":34373},[44,67882,162],{"class":58},[44,67884,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,67886,1913],{"class":153},[44,67888,157],{"class":58},[44,67890,1878],{"class":1861},[44,67892,108],{"class":58},[44,67894,53883],{"class":1923},[44,67896,162],{"class":58},[44,67898,67899,67901,67903,67905],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,67900,1862],{"class":1861},[44,67902,157],{"class":58},[44,67904,8470],{"class":111},[44,67906,162],{"class":58},[20,67908,67909],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[192,67911,67912,67915,67918,67921],{},[195,67913,67914],{},"What is currently in the list",[195,67916,67917],{},"How long the list is",[195,67919,67920],{},"That you are working with a real list",[195,67922,67923],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,67925,1551,67927],{"id":67926},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67928,54200],{},[20,67930,172,67931,67933],{},[15,67932,54200],{}," when position matters.",[20,67935,36349],{},[192,67937,67938,67941,67944,67947],{},[195,67939,67940],{},"Ordered menus",[195,67942,67943],{},"Rankings or score lists",[195,67945,67946],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[195,67948,67949],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67951,67952,67953,67955,67956,67958,67959,67961],{},"You usually do ",[3868,67954,4762],{}," need ",[15,67957,54200],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67960,52584],{}," is simpler.",[20,67963,67964,67965,108],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[395,67966,57087],{"href":57086},[30,67968,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,67970,1963,67972,55401],{"id":67971},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67973,53843],{},[20,67975,67976,67977,108],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67978,217],{},[1960,67980,67982],{"id":67981},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67984,67985],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1960,67987,1984,67989,67991],{"id":67988},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67990,53843],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67993,67994,67995,67997],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67996,53378],{}," or slicing.",[1960,67999,2007,68001,4523,68003,2610],{"id":68000},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68002,54200],{},[15,68004,52584],{},[20,68006,68007,68009,68010,68012],{},[15,68008,54200],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68011,52584],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,68014,2020],{"id":2019},[192,68016,68017,68023,68029,68033,68037,68041],{},[195,68018,68019],{},[395,68020,55452,68021,10852],{"href":56701},[15,68022,52584],{},[195,68024,68025],{},[395,68026,55452,68027,10852],{"href":53276},[15,68028,53378],{},[195,68030,68031],{},[395,68032,54210],{"href":52980},[195,68034,68035],{},[395,68036,52703],{"href":50910},[195,68038,68039],{},[395,68040,57161],{"href":57086},[195,68042,68043],{},[395,68044,30414,68045,33553],{"href":54228},[15,68046,68047],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2048,68049,68050],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":68052},[68053,68055,68056,68057,68063,68070,68079,68081,68090],{"id":66238,"depth":102,"text":68054},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5560,"depth":102,"text":5561},{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":66610,"depth":102,"text":66611,"children":68058},[68059,68060,68061,68062],{"id":66622,"depth":150,"text":66623},{"id":66713,"depth":150,"text":66714},{"id":66799,"depth":150,"text":66800},{"id":66885,"depth":150,"text":66886},{"id":67015,"depth":102,"text":68064,"children":68065},"insert() vs append()",[68066,68068],{"id":67025,"depth":150,"text":68067},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67038,"depth":150,"text":68069},"Use append() when:",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":68071},[68072,68074,68075,68077,68078],{"id":67239,"depth":150,"text":68073},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67409,"depth":150,"text":67410},{"id":67560,"depth":150,"text":68076},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67726,"depth":150,"text":67727},{"id":67829,"depth":150,"text":67830},{"id":67926,"depth":102,"text":68080},"When to use insert()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":68082},[68083,68085,68086,68088],{"id":67971,"depth":150,"text":68084},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67981,"depth":150,"text":67982},{"id":67988,"depth":150,"text":68087},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68000,"depth":150,"text":68089},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66148,"description":68091},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68098,"title":68099,"body":68100,"description":69655,"extension":2080,"meta":69656,"navigation":682,"path":58906,"seo":69657,"stem":69658,"__hash__":69659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68101,"toc":69628},[68102,68108,68117,68166,68168,68176,68182,68184,68202,68208,68213,68216,68219,68234,68236,68288,68290,68298,68306,68313,68315,68321,68386,68388,68396,68398,68417,68420,68471,68475,68480,68507,68509,68517,68520,68589,68591,68606,68612,68616,68625,68628,68683,68685,68693,68696,68698,68743,68745,68753,68759,68761,68769,68772,68774,68813,68815,68854,68859,68861,68863,68898,68901,68903,68941,68945,68951,68953,69004,69006,69014,69021,69024,69045,69048,69103,69114,69116,69177,69179,69188,69195,69201,69204,69207,69264,69267,69280,69287,69293,69299,69301,69314,69317,69414,69416,69433,69436,69518,69520,69542,69549,69555,69557,69561,69567,69573,69578,69582,69585,69591,69598,69600,69625],[10,68103,68105,68106,3786],{"id":68104},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68107,11271],{},[20,68109,68110,68111,68113,68114,68116],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68112,42288],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68115,42288],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,68118,68120],{"className":37,"code":68119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68121,68122,68142,68156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68123,68124,68126,68128,68130,68132,68134,68136,68138,68140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68125,3741],{"class":50},[44,68127,55],{"class":54},[44,68129,3746],{"class":58},[44,68131,2448],{"class":95},[44,68133,83],{"class":58},[44,68135,96],{"class":95},[44,68137,83],{"class":58},[44,68139,7925],{"class":95},[44,68141,3759],{"class":58},[44,68143,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68145,41168],{"class":50},[44,68147,55],{"class":54},[44,68149,38311],{"class":153},[44,68151,157],{"class":58},[44,68153,3773],{"class":111},[44,68155,162],{"class":58},[44,68157,68158,68160,68162,68164],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,68159,154],{"class":153},[44,68161,157],{"class":58},[44,68163,41186],{"class":111},[44,68165,162],{"class":58},[20,68167,330],{},[35,68169,68170],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68171,68172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68173,68174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68175,46546],{"class":95},[20,68177,172,68178,68181],{},[15,68179,68180],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,68183,15248],{"id":15247},[192,68185,68186,68191,68196,68199],{},[195,68187,4327,68188,68190],{},[15,68189,42288],{}," works with Python lists",[195,68192,68193,68194,11810],{},"What value ",[15,68195,42288],{},[195,68197,68198],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[195,68200,68201],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,68203,179,68205,68207],{"id":68204},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68206,42288],{}," returns for a list",[20,68209,68210,65020],{},[15,68211,68212],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68214,68215],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68217,68218],{},"A few important points:",[192,68220,68221,68224,68229],{},[195,68222,68223],{},"It counts list items",[195,68225,40832,68226,68228],{},[3868,68227,4762],{}," count characters inside a string item",[195,68230,68231,68232],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68233,2237],{},[20,68235,223],{},[35,68237,68239],{"className":37,"code":68238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68240,68241,68274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68242,68243,68245,68247,68249,68251,68253,68255,68257,68259,68262,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68244,4198],{"class":50},[44,68246,55],{"class":54},[44,68248,3746],{"class":58},[44,68250,63],{"class":62},[44,68252,36971],{"class":66},[44,68254,63],{"class":62},[44,68256,83],{"class":58},[44,68258,75],{"class":62},[44,68260,68261],{"class":66},"elephant",[44,68263,63],{"class":62},[44,68265,83],{"class":58},[44,68267,75],{"class":62},[44,68269,58060],{"class":66},[44,68271,63],{"class":62},[44,68273,3759],{"class":58},[44,68275,68276,68278,68280,68282,68284,68286],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68277,154],{"class":153},[44,68279,157],{"class":58},[44,68281,11271],{"class":153},[44,68283,157],{"class":58},[44,68285,4242],{"class":111},[44,68287,1869],{"class":58},[20,68289,330],{},[35,68291,68292],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68293,68294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68295,68296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68297,46546],{"class":95},[20,68299,21049,68300,68303,68304,65027],{},[15,68301,68302],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3868,68305,52588],{},[20,68307,68308,68309,108],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[395,68310,3697,68311,3630],{"href":42285},[15,68312,42288],{},[30,68314,5916],{"id":5915},[20,68316,68317,68318,68320],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68319,42288],{},", and print the result.",[35,68322,68324],{"className":37,"code":68323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68325,68326,68358,68372,68376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68327,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68329,13172],{"class":50},[44,68331,55],{"class":54},[44,68333,3746],{"class":58},[44,68335,63],{"class":62},[44,68337,13189],{"class":66},[44,68339,63],{"class":62},[44,68341,83],{"class":58},[44,68343,75],{"class":62},[44,68345,17534],{"class":66},[44,68347,63],{"class":62},[44,68349,83],{"class":58},[44,68351,75],{"class":62},[44,68353,13206],{"class":66},[44,68355,63],{"class":62},[44,68357,3759],{"class":58},[44,68359,68360,68362,68364,68366,68368,68370],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68361,41168],{"class":50},[44,68363,55],{"class":54},[44,68365,38311],{"class":153},[44,68367,157],{"class":58},[44,68369,17581],{"class":111},[44,68371,162],{"class":58},[44,68373,68374],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,68375,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,68377,68378,68380,68382,68384],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,68379,154],{"class":153},[44,68381,157],{"class":58},[44,68383,41186],{"class":111},[44,68385,162],{"class":58},[20,68387,330],{},[35,68389,68390],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68391,68392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68393,68394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68395,46546],{"class":95},[20,68397,11788],{},[192,68399,68400,68405,68412],{},[195,68401,68402,68404],{},[15,68403,17581],{}," is a list with 3 items",[195,68406,68407,1298,68410],{},[15,68408,68409],{},"len(colors)",[15,68411,2179],{},[195,68413,68414,68415],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68416,41186],{},[20,68418,68419],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68421,68423],{"className":37,"code":68422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68424,68425,68457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68426,68427,68429,68431,68433,68435,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68428,13172],{"class":50},[44,68430,55],{"class":54},[44,68432,3746],{"class":58},[44,68434,63],{"class":62},[44,68436,13189],{"class":66},[44,68438,63],{"class":62},[44,68440,83],{"class":58},[44,68442,75],{"class":62},[44,68444,17534],{"class":66},[44,68446,63],{"class":62},[44,68448,83],{"class":58},[44,68450,75],{"class":62},[44,68452,13206],{"class":66},[44,68454,63],{"class":62},[44,68456,3759],{"class":58},[44,68458,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68460,154],{"class":153},[44,68462,157],{"class":58},[44,68464,11271],{"class":153},[44,68466,157],{"class":58},[44,68468,17581],{"class":111},[44,68470,1869],{"class":58},[30,68472,68474],{"id":68473},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68476,68477,68478,108],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68479,2237],{},[35,68481,68483],{"className":37,"code":68482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68484,68485,68493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68486,68487,68489,68491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68488,7910],{"class":50},[44,68490,55],{"class":54},[44,68492,7969],{"class":58},[44,68494,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68496,154],{"class":153},[44,68498,157],{"class":58},[44,68500,11271],{"class":153},[44,68502,157],{"class":58},[44,68504,7940],{"class":111},[44,68506,1869],{"class":58},[20,68508,330],{},[35,68510,68511],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68512,68513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68514,68515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68516,47181],{"class":95},[20,68518,68519],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68521,68523],{"className":37,"code":68522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68524,68525,68533,68537,68555,68569,68575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68526,68527,68529,68531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68528,7910],{"class":50},[44,68530,55],{"class":54},[44,68532,7969],{"class":58},[44,68534,68535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68536,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,68538,68539,68541,68543,68545,68547,68549,68551,68553],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,68540,7128],{"class":4002},[44,68542,38311],{"class":153},[44,68544,157],{"class":58},[44,68546,7940],{"class":111},[44,68548,3786],{"class":58},[44,68550,38321],{"class":54},[44,68552,3959],{"class":95},[44,68554,6523],{"class":58},[44,68556,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,68558,8200],{"class":153},[44,68560,157],{"class":58},[44,68562,7940],{"class":111},[44,68564,4027],{"class":58},[44,68566,2237],{"class":95},[44,68568,4015],{"class":58},[44,68570,68571,68573],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,68572,27502],{"class":4002},[44,68574,6523],{"class":58},[44,68576,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,68578,8200],{"class":153},[44,68580,157],{"class":58},[44,68582,63],{"class":62},[44,68584,51747],{"class":66},[44,68586,63],{"class":62},[44,68588,162],{"class":58},[20,68590,330],{},[35,68592,68594],{"className":37,"code":68593,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68595,68596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68597,68598,68600,68602,68604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68599,22],{"class":50},[44,68601,1878],{"class":1861},[44,68603,8227],{"class":54},[44,68605,8233],{"class":50},[20,68607,68608,68609,68611],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[395,68610,52703],{"href":50910}," is a good next step.",[30,68613,68615],{"id":68614},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68617,68618,68620,68621,68624],{},[15,68619,42288],{}," counts only the ",[3868,68622,68623],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68626,68627],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68629,68631],{"className":37,"code":68630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68632,68633,68669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68634,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68636,489],{"class":50},[44,68638,55],{"class":54},[44,68640,56226],{"class":58},[44,68642,3108],{"class":95},[44,68644,83],{"class":58},[44,68646,1012],{"class":95},[44,68648,18140],{"class":58},[44,68650,3746],{"class":58},[44,68652,2179],{"class":95},[44,68654,83],{"class":58},[44,68656,2574],{"class":95},[44,68658,18140],{"class":58},[44,68660,3746],{"class":58},[44,68662,2254],{"class":95},[44,68664,83],{"class":58},[44,68666,37568],{"class":95},[44,68668,53174],{"class":58},[44,68670,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679,68681],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68672,154],{"class":153},[44,68674,157],{"class":58},[44,68676,11271],{"class":153},[44,68678,157],{"class":58},[44,68680,511],{"class":111},[44,68682,1869],{"class":58},[20,68684,330],{},[35,68686,68687],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68688,68689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68690,68691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68692,46546],{"class":95},[20,68694,68695],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68697,52011],{},[35,68699,68701],{"className":37,"code":68700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68702,68703,68729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68704,68705,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68706,59406],{"class":50},[44,68708,55],{"class":54},[44,68710,3746],{"class":58},[44,68712,3108],{"class":95},[44,68714,83],{"class":58},[44,68716,3746],{"class":58},[44,68718,2173],{"class":95},[44,68720,83],{"class":58},[44,68722,1017],{"class":95},[44,68724,18140],{"class":58},[44,68726,2574],{"class":95},[44,68728,3759],{"class":58},[44,68730,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68732,154],{"class":153},[44,68734,157],{"class":58},[44,68736,11271],{"class":153},[44,68738,157],{"class":58},[44,68740,59459],{"class":111},[44,68742,1869],{"class":58},[20,68744,330],{},[35,68746,68747],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68748,68749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68750,68751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68752,46546],{"class":95},[20,68754,21049,68755,68758],{},[15,68756,68757],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68760,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,68762,567,68764,11202,68767],{"id":68763},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68765,68766],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68768,68212],{},[20,68770,68771],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68773,16725],{},[35,68775,68777],{"className":37,"code":68776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68778,68779,68799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68780,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68782,3741],{"class":50},[44,68784,55],{"class":54},[44,68786,3746],{"class":58},[44,68788,2448],{"class":95},[44,68790,83],{"class":58},[44,68792,96],{"class":95},[44,68794,83],{"class":58},[44,68796,7925],{"class":95},[44,68798,3759],{"class":58},[44,68800,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68802,154],{"class":153},[44,68804,157],{"class":58},[44,68806,3773],{"class":111},[44,68808,108],{"class":58},[44,68810,11271],{"class":111},[44,68812,7325],{"class":58},[20,68814,1436],{},[35,68816,68818],{"className":37,"code":68817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68819,68820,68840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68821,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836,68838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68823,3741],{"class":50},[44,68825,55],{"class":54},[44,68827,3746],{"class":58},[44,68829,2448],{"class":95},[44,68831,83],{"class":58},[44,68833,96],{"class":95},[44,68835,83],{"class":58},[44,68837,7925],{"class":95},[44,68839,3759],{"class":58},[44,68841,68842,68844,68846,68848,68850,68852],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68843,154],{"class":153},[44,68845,157],{"class":58},[44,68847,11271],{"class":153},[44,68849,157],{"class":58},[44,68851,3773],{"class":111},[44,68853,1869],{"class":58},[20,68855,68856,68858],{},[15,68857,42288],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1960,68860,25756],{"id":25755},[20,68862,16725],{},[35,68864,68866],{"className":37,"code":68865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68867,68868,68888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68869,68870,68872,68874,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68871,3741],{"class":50},[44,68873,55],{"class":54},[44,68875,3746],{"class":58},[44,68877,2448],{"class":95},[44,68879,83],{"class":58},[44,68881,96],{"class":95},[44,68883,83],{"class":58},[44,68885,7925],{"class":95},[44,68887,3759],{"class":58},[44,68889,68890,68892,68894,68896],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68891,154],{"class":153},[44,68893,157],{"class":58},[44,68895,11271],{"class":153},[44,68897,162],{"class":58},[20,68899,68900],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68902,1436],{},[35,68904,68905],{"className":37,"code":68817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68906,68907,68927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68908,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68910,3741],{"class":50},[44,68912,55],{"class":54},[44,68914,3746],{"class":58},[44,68916,2448],{"class":95},[44,68918,83],{"class":58},[44,68920,96],{"class":95},[44,68922,83],{"class":58},[44,68924,7925],{"class":95},[44,68926,3759],{"class":58},[44,68928,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68930,154],{"class":153},[44,68932,157],{"class":58},[44,68934,11271],{"class":153},[44,68936,157],{"class":58},[44,68938,3773],{"class":111},[44,68940,1869],{"class":58},[1960,68942,68944],{"id":68943},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68946,68947,68948,68950],{},"The length of a list is ",[3868,68949,4762],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68952,223],{},[35,68954,68956],{"className":37,"code":68955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68957,68958,68990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68959,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68961,36013],{"class":50},[44,68963,55],{"class":54},[44,68965,3746],{"class":58},[44,68967,63],{"class":62},[44,68969,395],{"class":66},[44,68971,63],{"class":62},[44,68973,83],{"class":58},[44,68975,75],{"class":62},[44,68977,1005],{"class":66},[44,68979,63],{"class":62},[44,68981,83],{"class":58},[44,68983,75],{"class":62},[44,68985,9855],{"class":66},[44,68987,63],{"class":62},[44,68989,3759],{"class":58},[44,68991,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000,69002],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,68993,154],{"class":153},[44,68995,157],{"class":58},[44,68997,11271],{"class":153},[44,68999,157],{"class":58},[44,69001,36066],{"class":111},[44,69003,1869],{"class":58},[20,69005,330],{},[35,69007,69008],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69009,69010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69011,69012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69013,46546],{"class":95},[20,69015,69016,69017,19040,69019,108],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69018,2173],{},[15,69020,2179],{},[20,69022,69023],{},"Indexes are:",[192,69025,69026,69033,69039],{},[195,69027,69028,69030,69031],{},[15,69029,2237],{}," for ",[15,69032,18174],{},[195,69034,69035,69030,69037],{},[15,69036,3108],{},[15,69038,65530],{},[195,69040,69041,69030,69043],{},[15,69042,2173],{},[15,69044,66416],{},[20,69046,69047],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,69049,69051],{"className":37,"code":69050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69052,69053,69085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69054,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079,69081,69083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69056,36013],{"class":50},[44,69058,55],{"class":54},[44,69060,3746],{"class":58},[44,69062,63],{"class":62},[44,69064,395],{"class":66},[44,69066,63],{"class":62},[44,69068,83],{"class":58},[44,69070,75],{"class":62},[44,69072,1005],{"class":66},[44,69074,63],{"class":62},[44,69076,83],{"class":58},[44,69078,75],{"class":62},[44,69080,9855],{"class":66},[44,69082,63],{"class":62},[44,69084,3759],{"class":58},[44,69086,69087,69089,69091,69093,69095,69097,69099,69101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69088,154],{"class":153},[44,69090,157],{"class":58},[44,69092,36066],{"class":111},[44,69094,4027],{"class":58},[44,69096,11271],{"class":153},[44,69098,157],{"class":58},[44,69100,36066],{"class":111},[44,69102,10791],{"class":58},[20,69104,8626,69105,4915,69108,69110,69111,69113],{},[15,69106,69107],{},"len(letters)",[15,69109,2179],{},", and index ",[15,69112,2179],{}," does not exist.",[20,69115,18917],{},[35,69117,69119],{"className":37,"code":69118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69120,69121,69153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69122,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69124,36013],{"class":50},[44,69126,55],{"class":54},[44,69128,3746],{"class":58},[44,69130,63],{"class":62},[44,69132,395],{"class":66},[44,69134,63],{"class":62},[44,69136,83],{"class":58},[44,69138,75],{"class":62},[44,69140,1005],{"class":66},[44,69142,63],{"class":62},[44,69144,83],{"class":58},[44,69146,75],{"class":62},[44,69148,9855],{"class":66},[44,69150,63],{"class":62},[44,69152,3759],{"class":58},[44,69154,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173,69175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69156,154],{"class":153},[44,69158,157],{"class":58},[44,69160,36066],{"class":111},[44,69162,4027],{"class":58},[44,69164,11271],{"class":153},[44,69166,157],{"class":58},[44,69168,36066],{"class":111},[44,69170,3786],{"class":58},[44,69172,2340],{"class":54},[44,69174,504],{"class":95},[44,69176,4015],{"class":58},[20,69178,330],{},[35,69180,69182],{"className":37,"code":69181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,69183,69184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69185,69186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69187,69181],{"class":50},[20,69189,69190,69191,108],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[395,69192,69194],{"href":69193},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1960,69196,567,69198,69200],{"id":69197},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69199,42288],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69202,69203],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69205,69206],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,69208,69210],{"className":37,"code":69209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69211,69212,69222,69236,69250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69213,69214,69216,69218,69220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69215,154],{"class":153},[44,69217,157],{"class":58},[44,69219,8470],{"class":111},[44,69221,162],{"class":58},[44,69223,69224,69226,69228,69230,69232,69234],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69225,154],{"class":153},[44,69227,157],{"class":58},[44,69229,11271],{"class":153},[44,69231,157],{"class":58},[44,69233,8470],{"class":111},[44,69235,1869],{"class":58},[44,69237,69238,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69239,154],{"class":153},[44,69241,157],{"class":58},[44,69243,1862],{"class":1861},[44,69245,157],{"class":58},[44,69247,8470],{"class":111},[44,69249,1869],{"class":58},[44,69251,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,69253,154],{"class":153},[44,69255,157],{"class":58},[44,69257,8470],{"class":111},[44,69259,4027],{"class":58},[44,69261,2237],{"class":95},[44,69263,4015],{"class":58},[20,69265,69266],{},"These help you verify:",[192,69268,69269,69272,69274,69277],{},[195,69270,69271],{},"what the variable contains",[195,69273,60718],{},[195,69275,69276],{},"whether it is really a list",[195,69278,69279],{},"what the first item is",[20,69281,69282,69283,69286],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69284,69285],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,69288,1551,69290,69292],{"id":69289},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69291,42288],{}," with lists",[20,69294,69295,69296,69298],{},"You will often use ",[15,69297,42288],{}," in real programs.",[20,69300,9490],{},[192,69302,69303,69305,69308,69311],{},[195,69304,51701],{},[195,69306,69307],{},"Control loops",[195,69309,69310],{},"Validate input or results",[195,69312,69313],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69315,69316],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69318,69320],{"className":37,"code":69319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69321,69322,69342,69358,69362,69376,69390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69325,2673],{"class":50},[44,69327,55],{"class":54},[44,69329,3746],{"class":58},[44,69331,3108],{"class":95},[44,69333,83],{"class":58},[44,69335,1012],{"class":95},[44,69337,83],{"class":58},[44,69339,1017],{"class":95},[44,69341,3759],{"class":58},[44,69343,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69345,2701],{"class":50},[44,69347,55],{"class":54},[44,69349,3746],{"class":58},[44,69351,2448],{"class":95},[44,69353,83],{"class":58},[44,69355,96],{"class":95},[44,69357,3759],{"class":58},[44,69359,69360],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69361,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,69363,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,69365,154],{"class":153},[44,69367,157],{"class":58},[44,69369,11271],{"class":153},[44,69371,157],{"class":58},[44,69373,395],{"class":111},[44,69375,1869],{"class":58},[44,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,69379,154],{"class":153},[44,69381,157],{"class":58},[44,69383,11271],{"class":153},[44,69385,157],{"class":58},[44,69387,1005],{"class":111},[44,69389,1869],{"class":58},[44,69391,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,69393,154],{"class":153},[44,69395,157],{"class":58},[44,69397,11271],{"class":153},[44,69399,157],{"class":58},[44,69401,395],{"class":111},[44,69403,3786],{"class":58},[44,69405,38321],{"class":54},[44,69407,38311],{"class":153},[44,69409,157],{"class":58},[44,69411,1005],{"class":111},[44,69413,1869],{"class":58},[20,69415,330],{},[35,69417,69419],{"className":37,"code":69418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69420,69421,69425,69429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69422,69423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69424,46546],{"class":95},[44,69426,69427],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69428,17137],{"class":95},[44,69430,69431],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69432,4107],{"class":1400},[20,69434,69435],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69437,69439],{"className":37,"code":69438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69440,69441,69473,69477,69499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69442,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455,69457,69459,69461,69463,69465,69467,69469,69471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69444,5126],{"class":50},[44,69446,55],{"class":54},[44,69448,3746],{"class":58},[44,69450,63],{"class":62},[44,69452,78],{"class":66},[44,69454,63],{"class":62},[44,69456,83],{"class":58},[44,69458,75],{"class":62},[44,69460,35863],{"class":66},[44,69462,63],{"class":62},[44,69464,83],{"class":58},[44,69466,75],{"class":62},[44,69468,35872],{"class":66},[44,69470,63],{"class":62},[44,69472,3759],{"class":58},[44,69474,69475],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69476,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,69478,69479,69481,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69480,6087],{"class":4002},[44,69482,69483],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69485,4009],{"class":4002},[44,69487,54002],{"class":153},[44,69489,157],{"class":58},[44,69491,11271],{"class":153},[44,69493,157],{"class":58},[44,69495,5170],{"class":111},[44,69497,69498],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,69500,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69512,69514,69516],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,69502,8200],{"class":153},[44,69504,157],{"class":58},[44,69506,36077],{"class":111},[44,69508,83],{"class":58},[44,69510,69511],{"class":111}," names",[44,69513,4027],{"class":58},[44,69515,36077],{"class":111},[44,69517,4015],{"class":58},[20,69519,330],{},[35,69521,69522],{"className":37,"code":35921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69523,69524,69530,69536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69525,69526,69528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69527,2237],{"class":95},[44,69529,35930],{"class":50},[44,69531,69532,69534],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69533,3108],{"class":95},[44,69535,35937],{"class":50},[44,69537,69538,69540],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69539,2173],{"class":95},[44,69541,35944],{"class":50},[20,69543,69544,69545,108],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[395,69546,69548],{"href":69547},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69550,69551,69552,69554],{},"You can also read ",[395,69553,51478],{"href":51477}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69556,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,69558,69560],{"id":69559},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69562,172,69563,69566],{},[15,69564,69565],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1960,69568,5273,69570,12814],{"id":69569},"what-does-len-return",[15,69571,69572],{},"len([])",[20,69574,214,69575,69577],{},[15,69576,2237],{}," because the list is empty.",[1960,69579,69581],{"id":69580},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69583,69584],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1960,69586,1994,69588,69590],{"id":69587},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69589,68766],{}," in Python?",[20,69592,30337,69593,8353,69595,69597],{},[15,69594,68212],{},[15,69596,42288],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69599,2020],{"id":2019},[192,69601,69602,69608,69612,69616,69620],{},[195,69603,69604],{},[395,69605,3697,69606,3630],{"href":42285},[15,69607,42288],{},[195,69609,69610],{},[395,69611,52522],{"href":51477},[195,69613,69614],{},[395,69615,52703],{"href":50910},[195,69617,69618],{},[395,69619,69194],{"href":69193},[195,69621,69622],{},[395,69623,69624],{"href":69547},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2048,69626,69627],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":69629},[69630,69631,69633,69634,69635,69636,69644,69646,69654],{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":68204,"depth":102,"text":69632},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":68473,"depth":102,"text":68474},{"id":68614,"depth":102,"text":68615},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":69637},[69638,69640,69641,69642],{"id":68763,"depth":150,"text":69639},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25755,"depth":150,"text":25756},{"id":68943,"depth":150,"text":68944},{"id":69197,"depth":150,"text":69643},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69289,"depth":102,"text":69645},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":69647},[69648,69649,69651,69652],{"id":69559,"depth":150,"text":69560},{"id":69569,"depth":150,"text":69650},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69580,"depth":150,"text":69581},{"id":69587,"depth":150,"text":69653},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68099,"description":69655},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69661,"title":69662,"body":69663,"description":71645,"extension":2080,"meta":71646,"navigation":682,"path":71647,"seo":71648,"stem":71649,"__hash__":71650},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69664,"toc":71618},[69665,69668,69673,69676,69684,69697,69699,69764,69766,69788,69793,69797,69802,69810,69812,69822,69824,69905,69907,69937,69939,69958,69963,69980,69982,70066,70068,70098,70103,70107,70113,70197,70199,70229,70232,70236,70239,70330,70332,70370,70373,70458,70460,70490,70496,70503,70507,70512,70521,70523,70608,70610,70639,70642,70650,70654,70658,70667,70690,70692,70714,70716,70730,70732,70792,70796,70801,70840,70842,70859,70861,70871,70970,70975,70979,70984,71027,71029,71057,71059,71073,71148,71150,71172,71176,71179,71184,71195,71200,71208,71211,71282,71284,71309,71366,71368,71389,71398,71406,71411,71413,71418,71439,71442,71517,71520,71534,71541,71543,71547,71553,71557,71567,71571,71578,71582,71588,71590,71615],[10,69666,69662],{"id":69667},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69669,69670,69672],{},[15,69671,55014],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69674,69675],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[192,69677,69678,69681],{},[195,69679,69680],{},"delete an item from a list",[195,69682,69683],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69685,69686,69687,69689,69690,8835,69692,69696],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69688,12861],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69691,12861],{},[395,69693,69694],{"href":55004},[15,69695,55461],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69698,33],{"id":32},[35,69700,69702],{"className":37,"code":69701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69703,69704,69724,69739,69743,69754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69705,69706,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69707,3741],{"class":50},[44,69709,55],{"class":54},[44,69711,3746],{"class":58},[44,69713,2448],{"class":95},[44,69715,83],{"class":58},[44,69717,96],{"class":95},[44,69719,83],{"class":58},[44,69721,7925],{"class":95},[44,69723,3759],{"class":58},[44,69725,69726,69729,69731,69733,69735,69737],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69727,69728],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69730,55],{"class":54},[44,69732,4392],{"class":50},[44,69734,108],{"class":58},[44,69736,26309],{"class":111},[44,69738,1635],{"class":58},[44,69740,69741],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69742,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,69744,69745,69747,69749,69752],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,69746,154],{"class":153},[44,69748,157],{"class":58},[44,69750,69751],{"class":111},"last_item",[44,69753,162],{"class":58},[44,69755,69756,69758,69760,69762],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,69757,154],{"class":153},[44,69759,157],{"class":58},[44,69761,3773],{"class":111},[44,69763,162],{"class":58},[20,69765,330],{},[35,69767,69769],{"className":37,"code":69768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69770,69771,69776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69772,69773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69774,69775],{"class":95},"30\n",[44,69777,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69779,4027],{"class":58},[44,69781,2448],{"class":95},[44,69783,83],{"class":58},[44,69785,96],{"class":95},[44,69787,3759],{"class":58},[20,69789,172,69790,69792],{},[15,69791,12861],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69794,69796],{"id":69795},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69798,69799,69801],{},[15,69800,12861],{}," has two main jobs:",[192,69803,69804,69807],{},[195,69805,69806],{},"It removes one item from a list",[195,69808,69809],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69811,43578],{},[192,69813,69814,69817,69820],{},[195,69815,69816],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[195,69818,69819],{},"It changes the original list",[195,69821,52677],{},[20,69823,223],{},[35,69825,69827],{"className":37,"code":69826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69828,69829,69861,69865,69880,69884,69895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69830,69831,69833,69835,69837,69839,69841,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69832,13172],{"class":50},[44,69834,55],{"class":54},[44,69836,3746],{"class":58},[44,69838,63],{"class":62},[44,69840,13189],{"class":66},[44,69842,63],{"class":62},[44,69844,83],{"class":58},[44,69846,75],{"class":62},[44,69848,17534],{"class":66},[44,69850,63],{"class":62},[44,69852,83],{"class":58},[44,69854,75],{"class":62},[44,69856,13206],{"class":66},[44,69858,63],{"class":62},[44,69860,3759],{"class":58},[44,69862,69863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69864,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,69866,69867,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,69868,69869],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69871,55],{"class":54},[44,69873,13220],{"class":50},[44,69875,108],{"class":58},[44,69877,26309],{"class":111},[44,69879,1635],{"class":58},[44,69881,69882],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,69883,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,69885,69886,69888,69890,69893],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,69887,154],{"class":153},[44,69889,157],{"class":58},[44,69891,69892],{"class":111},"removed",[44,69894,162],{"class":58},[44,69896,69897,69899,69901,69903],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,69898,154],{"class":153},[44,69900,157],{"class":58},[44,69902,17581],{"class":111},[44,69904,162],{"class":58},[20,69906,330],{},[35,69908,69910],{"className":37,"code":69909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69911,69912,69917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69913,69914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69915,69916],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69918,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,69920,4027],{"class":58},[44,69922,343],{"class":62},[44,69924,13189],{"class":66},[44,69926,343],{"class":62},[44,69928,83],{"class":58},[44,69930,352],{"class":62},[44,69932,17534],{"class":66},[44,69934,343],{"class":62},[44,69936,3759],{"class":58},[30,69938,402],{"id":401},[35,69940,69942],{"className":37,"code":69941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69943,69944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69945,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69947,1878],{"class":1861},[44,69949,108],{"class":58},[44,69951,26309],{"class":111},[44,69953,3105],{"class":58},[44,69955,35768],{"class":111},[44,69957,4015],{"class":58},[20,69959,22,69960,69962],{},[15,69961,35768],{}," is optional.",[192,69964,69965,69971,69977],{},[195,69966,69967,69968,69970],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69969,12861],{}," removes the last item",[195,69972,69973,69974,69976],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69975,12861],{}," removes the item at that position",[195,69978,69979],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69981,223],{},[35,69983,69985],{"className":37,"code":69984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69986,69987,70019,70023,70042,70046,70056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69988,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69990,36013],{"class":50},[44,69992,55],{"class":54},[44,69994,3746],{"class":58},[44,69996,63],{"class":62},[44,69998,395],{"class":66},[44,70000,63],{"class":62},[44,70002,83],{"class":58},[44,70004,75],{"class":62},[44,70006,1005],{"class":66},[44,70008,63],{"class":62},[44,70010,83],{"class":58},[44,70012,75],{"class":62},[44,70014,9855],{"class":66},[44,70016,63],{"class":62},[44,70018,3759],{"class":58},[44,70020,70021],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70022,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70024,70025,70027,70029,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70026,28606],{"class":50},[44,70028,55],{"class":54},[44,70030,70031],{"class":50}," letters",[44,70033,108],{"class":58},[44,70035,26309],{"class":111},[44,70037,157],{"class":58},[44,70039,3108],{"class":95},[44,70041,162],{"class":58},[44,70043,70044],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70045,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70047,70048,70050,70052,70054],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70049,154],{"class":153},[44,70051,157],{"class":58},[44,70053,23381],{"class":111},[44,70055,162],{"class":58},[44,70057,70058,70060,70062,70064],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70059,154],{"class":153},[44,70061,157],{"class":58},[44,70063,36066],{"class":111},[44,70065,162],{"class":58},[20,70067,330],{},[35,70069,70071],{"className":37,"code":70070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70072,70073,70078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70074,70075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70076,70077],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,70079,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090,70092,70094,70096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70081,4027],{"class":58},[44,70083,343],{"class":62},[44,70085,395],{"class":66},[44,70087,343],{"class":62},[44,70089,83],{"class":58},[44,70091,352],{"class":62},[44,70093,9855],{"class":66},[44,70095,343],{"class":62},[44,70097,3759],{"class":58},[20,70099,70100,70101,108],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[395,70102,52703],{"href":50910},[30,70104,70106],{"id":70105},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70108,70109,70110,70112],{},"When you call ",[15,70111,12861],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,70114,70116],{"className":37,"code":70115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70117,70118,70153,70157,70172,70176,70187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70119,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70131,70133,70135,70137,70140,70142,70144,70146,70149,70151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70121,29964],{"class":50},[44,70123,55],{"class":54},[44,70125,3746],{"class":58},[44,70127,63],{"class":62},[44,70129,70130],{"class":66},"write",[44,70132,63],{"class":62},[44,70134,83],{"class":58},[44,70136,75],{"class":62},[44,70138,70139],{"class":66},"test",[44,70141,63],{"class":62},[44,70143,83],{"class":58},[44,70145,75],{"class":62},[44,70147,70148],{"class":66},"submit",[44,70150,63],{"class":62},[44,70152,3759],{"class":58},[44,70154,70155],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70156,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70158,70159,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70160,70161],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,70163,55],{"class":54},[44,70165,30042],{"class":50},[44,70167,108],{"class":58},[44,70169,26309],{"class":111},[44,70171,1635],{"class":58},[44,70173,70174],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70175,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70177,70178,70180,70182,70185],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70179,154],{"class":153},[44,70181,157],{"class":58},[44,70183,70184],{"class":111},"last_task",[44,70186,162],{"class":58},[44,70188,70189,70191,70193,70195],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70190,154],{"class":153},[44,70192,157],{"class":58},[44,70194,36429],{"class":111},[44,70196,162],{"class":58},[20,70198,330],{},[35,70200,70202],{"className":37,"code":70201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70203,70204,70209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70205,70206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70207,70208],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,70210,70211,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70212,4027],{"class":58},[44,70214,343],{"class":62},[44,70216,70130],{"class":66},[44,70218,343],{"class":62},[44,70220,83],{"class":58},[44,70222,352],{"class":62},[44,70224,70139],{"class":66},[44,70226,343],{"class":62},[44,70228,3759],{"class":58},[20,70230,70231],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,70233,70235],{"id":70234},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70237,70238],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,70240,70242],{"className":37,"code":70241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70243,70244,70284,70288,70306,70310,70320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70245,70246,70248,70250,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70247,36162],{"class":50},[44,70249,55],{"class":54},[44,70251,3746],{"class":58},[44,70253,63],{"class":62},[44,70255,4207],{"class":66},[44,70257,63],{"class":62},[44,70259,83],{"class":58},[44,70261,75],{"class":62},[44,70263,4216],{"class":66},[44,70265,63],{"class":62},[44,70267,83],{"class":58},[44,70269,75],{"class":62},[44,70271,4225],{"class":66},[44,70273,63],{"class":62},[44,70275,83],{"class":58},[44,70277,75],{"class":62},[44,70279,33140],{"class":66},[44,70281,63],{"class":62},[44,70283,3759],{"class":58},[44,70285,70286],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70287,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70289,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70291,69869],{"class":50},[44,70293,55],{"class":54},[44,70295,52783],{"class":50},[44,70297,108],{"class":58},[44,70299,26309],{"class":111},[44,70301,157],{"class":58},[44,70303,3108],{"class":95},[44,70305,162],{"class":58},[44,70307,70308],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70309,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70311,70312,70314,70316,70318],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70313,154],{"class":153},[44,70315,157],{"class":58},[44,70317,69892],{"class":111},[44,70319,162],{"class":58},[44,70321,70322,70324,70326,70328],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70323,154],{"class":153},[44,70325,157],{"class":58},[44,70327,36214],{"class":111},[44,70329,162],{"class":58},[20,70331,330],{},[35,70333,70335],{"className":37,"code":70334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70336,70337,70342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70338,70339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70340,70341],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70343,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366,70368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70345,4027],{"class":58},[44,70347,343],{"class":62},[44,70349,4207],{"class":66},[44,70351,343],{"class":62},[44,70353,83],{"class":58},[44,70355,352],{"class":62},[44,70357,4225],{"class":66},[44,70359,343],{"class":62},[44,70361,83],{"class":58},[44,70363,352],{"class":62},[44,70365,33140],{"class":66},[44,70367,343],{"class":62},[44,70369,3759],{"class":58},[20,70371,70372],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70374,70376],{"className":37,"code":70375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70377,70378,70410,70414,70434,70438,70448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70379,70380,70382,70384,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394,70396,70398,70400,70402,70404,70406,70408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70381,36162],{"class":50},[44,70383,55],{"class":54},[44,70385,3746],{"class":58},[44,70387,63],{"class":62},[44,70389,4207],{"class":66},[44,70391,63],{"class":62},[44,70393,83],{"class":58},[44,70395,75],{"class":62},[44,70397,4216],{"class":66},[44,70399,63],{"class":62},[44,70401,83],{"class":58},[44,70403,75],{"class":62},[44,70405,4225],{"class":66},[44,70407,63],{"class":62},[44,70409,3759],{"class":58},[44,70411,70412],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70413,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70415,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70417,69869],{"class":50},[44,70419,55],{"class":54},[44,70421,52783],{"class":50},[44,70423,108],{"class":58},[44,70425,26309],{"class":111},[44,70427,157],{"class":58},[44,70429,2138],{"class":54},[44,70431,3108],{"class":95},[44,70433,162],{"class":58},[44,70435,70436],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70437,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70439,70440,70442,70444,70446],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70441,154],{"class":153},[44,70443,157],{"class":58},[44,70445,69892],{"class":111},[44,70447,162],{"class":58},[44,70449,70450,70452,70454,70456],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70451,154],{"class":153},[44,70453,157],{"class":58},[44,70455,36214],{"class":111},[44,70457,162],{"class":58},[20,70459,330],{},[35,70461,70463],{"className":37,"code":70462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70464,70465,70470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70466,70467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70468,70469],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70471,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70473,4027],{"class":58},[44,70475,343],{"class":62},[44,70477,4207],{"class":66},[44,70479,343],{"class":62},[44,70481,83],{"class":58},[44,70483,352],{"class":62},[44,70485,4216],{"class":66},[44,70487,343],{"class":62},[44,70489,3759],{"class":58},[20,70491,70492,70493,70495],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70494,65789],{}," means the last item.",[20,70497,70498,70499,108],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[395,70500,70501,10852],{"href":58898},[15,70502,64800],{},[30,70504,70506],{"id":70505},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70508,70509,70511],{},[15,70510,12861],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70513,70514,70515,4523,70517,108],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70516,12861],{},[395,70518,70519],{"href":55004},[15,70520,55461],{},[20,70522,223],{},[35,70524,70526],{"className":37,"code":70525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70527,70528,70560,70564,70583,70587,70598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70529,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70531,5126],{"class":50},[44,70533,55],{"class":54},[44,70535,3746],{"class":58},[44,70537,63],{"class":62},[44,70539,78],{"class":66},[44,70541,63],{"class":62},[44,70543,83],{"class":58},[44,70545,75],{"class":62},[44,70547,35863],{"class":66},[44,70549,63],{"class":62},[44,70551,83],{"class":58},[44,70553,75],{"class":62},[44,70555,35872],{"class":66},[44,70557,63],{"class":62},[44,70559,3759],{"class":58},[44,70561,70562],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70563,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70565,70566,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70567,70568],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70570,55],{"class":54},[44,70572,69511],{"class":50},[44,70574,108],{"class":58},[44,70576,26309],{"class":111},[44,70578,157],{"class":58},[44,70580,2237],{"class":95},[44,70582,162],{"class":58},[44,70584,70585],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70586,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70588,70589,70591,70593,70596],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70590,154],{"class":153},[44,70592,157],{"class":58},[44,70594,70595],{"class":111},"removed_name",[44,70597,162],{"class":58},[44,70599,70600,70602,70604,70606],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70601,154],{"class":153},[44,70603,157],{"class":58},[44,70605,5170],{"class":111},[44,70607,162],{"class":58},[20,70609,330],{},[35,70611,70613],{"className":37,"code":70612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70614,70615,70619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70616,70617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70618,49970],{"class":50},[44,70620,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70622,4027],{"class":58},[44,70624,343],{"class":62},[44,70626,35863],{"class":66},[44,70628,343],{"class":62},[44,70630,83],{"class":58},[44,70632,352],{"class":62},[44,70634,35872],{"class":66},[44,70636,343],{"class":62},[44,70638,3759],{"class":58},[20,70640,70641],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70643,70644,70645,70647,70648,108],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70646,55461],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70649,217],{},[30,70651,70653],{"id":70652},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1960,70655,70657],{"id":70656},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70659,70660,70661,70663,70664,108],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70662,12861],{}," raises an ",[15,70665,70666],{},"IndexError",[35,70668,70670],{"className":37,"code":70669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70671,70672,70680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70673,70674,70676,70678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70675,7910],{"class":50},[44,70677,55],{"class":54},[44,70679,7969],{"class":58},[44,70681,70682,70684,70686,70688],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70683,7940],{"class":50},[44,70685,108],{"class":58},[44,70687,26309],{"class":111},[44,70689,1635],{"class":58},[20,70691,330],{},[35,70693,70695],{"className":37,"code":70694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70696,70697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70698,70699,70701,70703,70706,70709,70712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70700,70666],{"class":1861},[44,70702,72],{"class":58},[44,70704,70705],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70707,70708],{"class":4002},"from",[44,70710,70711],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70713,49816],{"class":1861},[20,70715,39187],{},[192,70717,70718,70723],{},[195,70719,70720,70721],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70722,12861],{},[195,70724,70725,70726,4523,70728],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70727,29870],{},[15,70729,29901],{},[20,70731,223],{},[35,70733,70735],{"className":37,"code":70734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70736,70737,70745,70749,70757,70771,70777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70738,70739,70741,70743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70740,7910],{"class":50},[44,70742,55],{"class":54},[44,70744,7969],{"class":58},[44,70746,70747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70748,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70750,70751,70753,70755],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70752,7128],{"class":4002},[44,70754,6095],{"class":50},[44,70756,6523],{"class":58},[44,70758,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767,70769],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70760,8200],{"class":153},[44,70762,157],{"class":58},[44,70764,7940],{"class":111},[44,70766,108],{"class":58},[44,70768,26309],{"class":111},[44,70770,7325],{"class":58},[44,70772,70773,70775],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70774,27502],{"class":4002},[44,70776,6523],{"class":58},[44,70778,70779,70781,70783,70785,70788,70790],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70780,8200],{"class":153},[44,70782,157],{"class":58},[44,70784,63],{"class":62},[44,70786,70787],{"class":66},"The list is empty.",[44,70789,63],{"class":62},[44,70791,162],{"class":58},[1960,70793,70795],{"id":70794},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70797,70798,70799,108],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70800,70666],{},[35,70802,70804],{"className":37,"code":70803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70805,70806,70826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70807,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818,70820,70822,70824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70809,3741],{"class":50},[44,70811,55],{"class":54},[44,70813,3746],{"class":58},[44,70815,2448],{"class":95},[44,70817,83],{"class":58},[44,70819,96],{"class":95},[44,70821,83],{"class":58},[44,70823,7925],{"class":95},[44,70825,3759],{"class":58},[44,70827,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70829,3773],{"class":50},[44,70831,108],{"class":58},[44,70833,26309],{"class":111},[44,70835,157],{"class":58},[44,70837,2254],{"class":95},[44,70839,162],{"class":58},[20,70841,330],{},[35,70843,70845],{"className":37,"code":70844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70846,70847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70848,70849,70851,70853,70856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70850,70666],{"class":1861},[44,70852,72],{"class":58},[44,70854,70855],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70857,70858],{"class":153},"range\n",[20,70860,39187],{},[192,70862,70863,70868],{},[195,70864,70865,70866],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70867,42288],{},[195,70869,70870],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70872,70874],{"className":37,"code":70873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70875,70876,70896,70905,70909,70931,70949,70955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70877,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70879,3741],{"class":50},[44,70881,55],{"class":54},[44,70883,3746],{"class":58},[44,70885,2448],{"class":95},[44,70887,83],{"class":58},[44,70889,96],{"class":95},[44,70891,83],{"class":58},[44,70893,7925],{"class":95},[44,70895,3759],{"class":58},[44,70897,70898,70901,70903],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,70899,70900],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70902,55],{"class":54},[44,70904,45518],{"class":95},[44,70906,70907],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,70908,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,70910,70911,70913,70915,70918,70921,70923,70925,70927,70929],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,70912,7128],{"class":4002},[44,70914,3959],{"class":95},[44,70916,70917],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70919,70920],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70922,3411],{"class":54},[44,70924,38311],{"class":153},[44,70926,157],{"class":58},[44,70928,3773],{"class":111},[44,70930,8473],{"class":58},[44,70932,70933,70935,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,70934,8200],{"class":153},[44,70936,157],{"class":58},[44,70938,3773],{"class":111},[44,70940,108],{"class":58},[44,70942,26309],{"class":111},[44,70944,157],{"class":58},[44,70946,35768],{"class":111},[44,70948,1869],{"class":58},[44,70950,70951,70953],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,70952,27502],{"class":4002},[44,70954,6523],{"class":58},[44,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963,70966,70968],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,70958,8200],{"class":153},[44,70960,157],{"class":58},[44,70962,63],{"class":62},[44,70964,70965],{"class":66},"Index is out of range.",[44,70967,63],{"class":62},[44,70969,162],{"class":58},[20,70971,70972,70973,108],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[395,70974,69194],{"href":69193},[1960,70976,70978],{"id":70977},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70980,70981,70983],{},[15,70982,12861],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70985,70987],{"className":37,"code":70986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70988,70989,71009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70990,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70992,3741],{"class":50},[44,70994,55],{"class":54},[44,70996,3746],{"class":58},[44,70998,2448],{"class":95},[44,71000,83],{"class":58},[44,71002,96],{"class":95},[44,71004,83],{"class":58},[44,71006,7925],{"class":95},[44,71008,3759],{"class":58},[44,71010,71011,71013,71015,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71012,3773],{"class":50},[44,71014,108],{"class":58},[44,71016,26309],{"class":111},[44,71018,157],{"class":58},[44,71020,63],{"class":62},[44,71022,3108],{"class":66},[44,71024,63],{"class":62},[44,71026,162],{"class":58},[20,71028,330],{},[35,71030,71032],{"className":37,"code":71031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71033,71034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71035,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048,71051,71054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71037,3125],{"class":1861},[44,71039,72],{"class":58},[44,71041,352],{"class":62},[44,71043,3564],{"class":66},[44,71045,343],{"class":62},[44,71047,24688],{"class":1861},[44,71049,71050],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,71052,71053],{"class":4002},"as",[44,71055,71056],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,71058,39187],{},[192,71060,71061,71070],{},[195,71062,71063,71064,2307,71066,2311,71068],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71065,2237],{},[15,71067,3108],{},[15,71069,65789],{},[195,71071,71072],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,71074,71076],{"className":37,"code":71075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71077,71078,71098,71116,71120,71138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71079,71080,71082,71084,71086,71088,71090,71092,71094,71096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71081,3741],{"class":50},[44,71083,55],{"class":54},[44,71085,3746],{"class":58},[44,71087,2448],{"class":95},[44,71089,83],{"class":58},[44,71091,96],{"class":95},[44,71093,83],{"class":58},[44,71095,7925],{"class":95},[44,71097,3759],{"class":58},[44,71099,71100,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71101,70900],{"class":50},[44,71103,55],{"class":54},[44,71105,45205],{"class":1861},[44,71107,157],{"class":58},[44,71109,63],{"class":62},[44,71111,3108],{"class":66},[44,71113,63],{"class":62},[44,71115,162],{"class":58},[44,71117,71118],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71119,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,71121,71122,71124,71126,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,71123,154],{"class":153},[44,71125,157],{"class":58},[44,71127,3773],{"class":111},[44,71129,108],{"class":58},[44,71131,26309],{"class":111},[44,71133,157],{"class":58},[44,71135,35768],{"class":111},[44,71137,1869],{"class":58},[44,71139,71140,71142,71144,71146],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,71141,154],{"class":153},[44,71143,157],{"class":58},[44,71145,3773],{"class":111},[44,71147,162],{"class":58},[20,71149,330],{},[35,71151,71153],{"className":37,"code":71152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71154,71155,71160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71156,71157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71158,71159],{"class":95},"20\n",[44,71161,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71163,4027],{"class":58},[44,71165,2448],{"class":95},[44,71167,83],{"class":58},[44,71169,7925],{"class":95},[44,71171,3759],{"class":58},[30,71173,71175],{"id":71174},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71177,71178],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1960,71180,172,71182,1558],{"id":71181},"use-pop-when",[15,71183,12861],{},[192,71185,71186,71189,71192],{},[195,71187,71188],{},"you want to remove by index",[195,71190,71191],{},"you want the removed item returned",[195,71193,71194],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1960,71196,172,71198,1558],{"id":71197},"use-remove-when",[15,71199,55461],{},[192,71201,71202,71205],{},[195,71203,71204],{},"you want to remove by value",[195,71206,71207],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71209,71210],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,71212,71214],{"className":37,"code":71213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71215,71216,71240,71244,71262,71272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71217,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228,71230,71232,71234,71236,71238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71219,3741],{"class":50},[44,71221,55],{"class":54},[44,71223,3746],{"class":58},[44,71225,2448],{"class":95},[44,71227,83],{"class":58},[44,71229,96],{"class":95},[44,71231,83],{"class":58},[44,71233,7925],{"class":95},[44,71235,83],{"class":58},[44,71237,96],{"class":95},[44,71239,3759],{"class":58},[44,71241,71242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71243,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,71245,71246,71248,71250,71252,71254,71256,71258,71260],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71247,69869],{"class":50},[44,71249,55],{"class":54},[44,71251,4392],{"class":50},[44,71253,108],{"class":58},[44,71255,26309],{"class":111},[44,71257,157],{"class":58},[44,71259,3108],{"class":95},[44,71261,162],{"class":58},[44,71263,71264,71266,71268,71270],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,71265,154],{"class":153},[44,71267,157],{"class":58},[44,71269,69892],{"class":111},[44,71271,162],{"class":58},[44,71273,71274,71276,71278,71280],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,71275,154],{"class":153},[44,71277,157],{"class":58},[44,71279,3773],{"class":111},[44,71281,162],{"class":58},[20,71283,330],{},[35,71285,71287],{"className":37,"code":71286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71288,71289,71293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71290,71291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71292,71159],{"class":95},[44,71294,71295,71297,71299,71301,71303,71305,71307],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71296,4027],{"class":58},[44,71298,2448],{"class":95},[44,71300,83],{"class":58},[44,71302,7925],{"class":95},[44,71304,83],{"class":58},[44,71306,96],{"class":95},[44,71308,3759],{"class":58},[35,71310,71312],{"className":37,"code":71311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71313,71314,71338,71342,71356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71315,71316,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71317,3741],{"class":50},[44,71319,55],{"class":54},[44,71321,3746],{"class":58},[44,71323,2448],{"class":95},[44,71325,83],{"class":58},[44,71327,96],{"class":95},[44,71329,83],{"class":58},[44,71331,7925],{"class":95},[44,71333,83],{"class":58},[44,71335,96],{"class":95},[44,71337,3759],{"class":58},[44,71339,71340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71341,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,71343,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71345,3773],{"class":50},[44,71347,108],{"class":58},[44,71349,34715],{"class":111},[44,71351,157],{"class":58},[44,71353,15839],{"class":95},[44,71355,162],{"class":58},[44,71357,71358,71360,71362,71364],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,71359,154],{"class":153},[44,71361,157],{"class":58},[44,71363,3773],{"class":111},[44,71365,162],{"class":58},[20,71367,330],{},[35,71369,71371],{"className":37,"code":71370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71372,71373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71374,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71376,4027],{"class":58},[44,71378,2448],{"class":95},[44,71380,83],{"class":58},[44,71382,7925],{"class":95},[44,71384,83],{"class":58},[44,71386,96],{"class":95},[44,71388,3759],{"class":58},[20,71390,71391,71392,71395,71396,108],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71393,71394],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71397,3108],{},[20,71399,56537,71400,71403,71404,108],{},[15,71401,71402],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71405,15839],{},[20,71407,71408,71409,108],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[395,71410,55000],{"href":54999},[30,71412,1803],{"id":1802},[20,71414,71415,71416,72],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71417,12861],{},[192,71419,71420,71423,71426,71432,71436],{},[195,71421,71422],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[195,71424,71425],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[195,71427,37128,71428,8835,71430],{},[15,71429,12861],{},[15,71431,55461],{},[195,71433,1821,71434,61906],{},[15,71435,12861],{},[195,71437,71438],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71440,71441],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71443,71445],{"className":37,"code":71444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71446,71447,71457,71471,71485,71503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71448,71449,71451,71453,71455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71450,154],{"class":153},[44,71452,157],{"class":58},[44,71454,8470],{"class":111},[44,71456,162],{"class":58},[44,71458,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71460,154],{"class":153},[44,71462,157],{"class":58},[44,71464,11271],{"class":153},[44,71466,157],{"class":58},[44,71468,8470],{"class":111},[44,71470,1869],{"class":58},[44,71472,71473,71475,71477,71479,71481,71483],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71474,154],{"class":153},[44,71476,157],{"class":58},[44,71478,8470],{"class":111},[44,71480,108],{"class":58},[44,71482,26309],{"class":111},[44,71484,7325],{"class":58},[44,71486,71487,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,71488,154],{"class":153},[44,71490,157],{"class":58},[44,71492,8470],{"class":111},[44,71494,108],{"class":58},[44,71496,26309],{"class":111},[44,71498,157],{"class":58},[44,71500,2237],{"class":95},[44,71502,1869],{"class":58},[44,71504,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,71506,154],{"class":153},[44,71508,157],{"class":58},[44,71510,1862],{"class":1861},[44,71512,157],{"class":58},[44,71514,35768],{"class":111},[44,71516,1869],{"class":58},[20,71518,71519],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[192,71521,71522,71528],{},[195,71523,71524,71527],{},[15,71525,71526],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[195,71529,71530,71533],{},[15,71531,71532],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71535,71536,71537,71540],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71538,71539],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71542,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,71544,71546],{"id":71545},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71548,71549,71550,71552],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71551,12861],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1960,71554,71556],{"id":71555},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71558,71559,71561,71562,71564,71565,108],{},[15,71560,12861],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71563,55461],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71566,217],{},[1960,71568,71570],{"id":71569},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71572,71573,71574,71577],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71575,71576],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1960,71579,71581],{"id":71580},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71583,71584,71585,71587],{},"Python raises ",[15,71586,70666],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71589,2020],{"id":2019},[192,71591,71592,71596,71601,71606,71611],{},[195,71593,71594],{},[395,71595,55447],{"href":54999},[195,71597,71598],{},[395,71599,71600],{"href":55004},"Python list remove() method",[195,71602,71603],{},[395,71604,71605],{"href":58898},"Python list index() method",[195,71607,71608],{},[395,71609,71610],{"href":50910},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[195,71612,71613],{},[395,71614,69194],{"href":69193},[2048,71616,71617],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":71619},[71620,71621,71622,71623,71624,71625,71626,71631,71637,71638,71644],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":69795,"depth":102,"text":69796},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":70105,"depth":102,"text":70106},{"id":70234,"depth":102,"text":70235},{"id":70505,"depth":102,"text":70506},{"id":70652,"depth":102,"text":70653,"children":71627},[71628,71629,71630],{"id":70656,"depth":150,"text":70657},{"id":70794,"depth":150,"text":70795},{"id":70977,"depth":150,"text":70978},{"id":71174,"depth":102,"text":71175,"children":71632},[71633,71635],{"id":71181,"depth":150,"text":71634},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71197,"depth":150,"text":71636},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":71639},[71640,71641,71642,71643],{"id":71545,"depth":150,"text":71546},{"id":71555,"depth":150,"text":71556},{"id":71569,"depth":150,"text":71570},{"id":71580,"depth":150,"text":71581},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69662,"description":71645},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71652,"title":71653,"body":71654,"description":73440,"extension":2080,"meta":73441,"navigation":682,"path":73442,"seo":73443,"stem":73444,"__hash__":73445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71655,"toc":73422},[71656,71659,71664,71670,71672,71742,71748,71752,71757,71778,71781,71848,71850,71871,71879,71881,71900,71916,71918,71983,71985,72010,72012,72014,72079,72081,72106,72108,72122,72125,72178,72180,72201,72205,72213,72286,72288,72321,72327,72333,72424,72426,72451,72457,72546,72548,72572,72574,72578,72633,72635,72667,72670,72673,72767,72769,72802,72808,72814,72818,72825,72851,72855,72920,72922,72947,72951,73032,73034,73063,73068,73073,73079,73083,73090,73112,73116,73175,73177,73201,73210,73215,73217,73221,73250,73252,73327,73330,73344,73350,73352,73356,73359,73363,73368,73372,73381,73385,73393,73395,73419],[10,71657,71653],{"id":71658},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71660,22,71661,71663],{},[15,71662,55007],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71665,71666,71667,71669],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3868,71668,2590],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71671,33],{"id":32},[35,71673,71675],{"className":37,"code":71674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71676,71677,71709,71727,71737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71678,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71680,7910],{"class":50},[44,71682,55],{"class":54},[44,71684,3746],{"class":58},[44,71686,63],{"class":62},[44,71688,4207],{"class":66},[44,71690,63],{"class":62},[44,71692,83],{"class":58},[44,71694,75],{"class":62},[44,71696,4216],{"class":66},[44,71698,63],{"class":62},[44,71700,83],{"class":58},[44,71702,75],{"class":62},[44,71704,33140],{"class":66},[44,71706,63],{"class":62},[44,71708,3759],{"class":58},[44,71710,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71712,7940],{"class":50},[44,71714,108],{"class":58},[44,71716,34715],{"class":111},[44,71718,157],{"class":58},[44,71720,63],{"class":62},[44,71722,4216],{"class":66},[44,71724,63],{"class":62},[44,71726,162],{"class":58},[44,71728,71729,71731,71733,71735],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71730,154],{"class":153},[44,71732,157],{"class":58},[44,71734,7940],{"class":111},[44,71736,162],{"class":58},[44,71738,71739],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,71740,71741],{"class":168},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71743,172,71744,71747],{},[15,71745,71746],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71749,71751],{"id":71750},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71753,71754,71756],{},[15,71755,55461],{}," is a list method that:",[192,71758,71759,71765,71770,71775],{},[195,71760,71761,71762,71764],{},"Deletes the ",[3868,71763,29975],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[195,71766,71767,71768],{},"Changes the original list ",[3868,71769,11440],{},[195,71771,1963,71772,71774],{},[3868,71773,4762],{}," return a new list",[195,71776,71777],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71779,71780],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71782,71784],{"className":37,"code":71783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71785,71786,71806,71824,71828,71838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71787,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71789,3741],{"class":50},[44,71791,55],{"class":54},[44,71793,3746],{"class":58},[44,71795,3108],{"class":95},[44,71797,83],{"class":58},[44,71799,1012],{"class":95},[44,71801,83],{"class":58},[44,71803,1017],{"class":95},[44,71805,3759],{"class":58},[44,71807,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71809,1340],{"class":50},[44,71811,55],{"class":54},[44,71813,4392],{"class":50},[44,71815,108],{"class":58},[44,71817,34715],{"class":111},[44,71819,157],{"class":58},[44,71821,2173],{"class":95},[44,71823,162],{"class":58},[44,71825,71826],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71827,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,71829,71830,71832,71834,71836],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,71831,154],{"class":153},[44,71833,157],{"class":58},[44,71835,3773],{"class":111},[44,71837,162],{"class":58},[44,71839,71840,71842,71844,71846],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,71841,154],{"class":153},[44,71843,157],{"class":58},[44,71845,1376],{"class":111},[44,71847,162],{"class":58},[20,71849,330],{},[35,71851,71853],{"className":37,"code":71852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71854,71855,71867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71856,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71858,4027],{"class":58},[44,71860,3108],{"class":95},[44,71862,83],{"class":58},[44,71864,1017],{"class":95},[44,71866,3759],{"class":58},[44,71868,71869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71870,1401],{"class":1400},[20,71872,71873,71874,71876,71877,108],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71875,55461],{}," itself returned ",[15,71878,217],{},[30,71880,5561],{"id":5560},[35,71882,71884],{"className":37,"code":71883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71885,71886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71887,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71889,1878],{"class":1861},[44,71891,108],{"class":58},[44,71893,34715],{"class":111},[44,71895,157],{"class":58},[44,71897,2590],{"class":111},[44,71899,162],{"class":58},[192,71901,71902,71907,71910],{},[195,71903,71904,71906],{},[15,71905,2590],{}," is the item you want to delete",[195,71908,71909],{},"Python searches from left to right",[195,71911,71912,71913,71915],{},"Only the ",[3868,71914,29975],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71917,223],{},[35,71919,71921],{"className":37,"code":71920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71922,71923,71955,71973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71924,71925,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947,71949,71951,71953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71926,36013],{"class":50},[44,71928,55],{"class":54},[44,71930,3746],{"class":58},[44,71932,63],{"class":62},[44,71934,395],{"class":66},[44,71936,63],{"class":62},[44,71938,83],{"class":58},[44,71940,75],{"class":62},[44,71942,1005],{"class":66},[44,71944,63],{"class":62},[44,71946,83],{"class":58},[44,71948,75],{"class":62},[44,71950,9855],{"class":66},[44,71952,63],{"class":62},[44,71954,3759],{"class":58},[44,71956,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,71958,36066],{"class":50},[44,71960,108],{"class":58},[44,71962,34715],{"class":111},[44,71964,157],{"class":58},[44,71966,63],{"class":62},[44,71968,1005],{"class":66},[44,71970,63],{"class":62},[44,71972,162],{"class":58},[44,71974,71975,71977,71979,71981],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,71976,154],{"class":153},[44,71978,157],{"class":58},[44,71980,36066],{"class":111},[44,71982,162],{"class":58},[20,71984,330],{},[35,71986,71988],{"className":37,"code":71987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71989,71990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71991,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71993,4027],{"class":58},[44,71995,343],{"class":62},[44,71997,395],{"class":66},[44,71999,343],{"class":62},[44,72001,83],{"class":58},[44,72003,352],{"class":62},[44,72005,9855],{"class":66},[44,72007,343],{"class":62},[44,72009,3759],{"class":58},[30,72011,5916],{"id":5915},[20,72013,65109],{},[35,72015,72017],{"className":37,"code":72016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72018,72019,72051,72069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72020,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72022,13172],{"class":50},[44,72024,55],{"class":54},[44,72026,3746],{"class":58},[44,72028,63],{"class":62},[44,72030,13189],{"class":66},[44,72032,63],{"class":62},[44,72034,83],{"class":58},[44,72036,75],{"class":62},[44,72038,13206],{"class":66},[44,72040,63],{"class":62},[44,72042,83],{"class":58},[44,72044,75],{"class":62},[44,72046,17534],{"class":66},[44,72048,63],{"class":62},[44,72050,3759],{"class":58},[44,72052,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72054,17581],{"class":50},[44,72056,108],{"class":58},[44,72058,34715],{"class":111},[44,72060,157],{"class":58},[44,72062,63],{"class":62},[44,72064,13206],{"class":66},[44,72066,63],{"class":62},[44,72068,162],{"class":58},[44,72070,72071,72073,72075,72077],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72072,154],{"class":153},[44,72074,157],{"class":58},[44,72076,17581],{"class":111},[44,72078,162],{"class":58},[20,72080,330],{},[35,72082,72084],{"className":37,"code":72083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72085,72086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72087,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72089,4027],{"class":58},[44,72091,343],{"class":62},[44,72093,13189],{"class":66},[44,72095,343],{"class":62},[44,72097,83],{"class":58},[44,72099,352],{"class":62},[44,72101,17534],{"class":66},[44,72103,343],{"class":62},[44,72105,3759],{"class":58},[20,72107,11788],{},[192,72109,72110,72113,72119],{},[195,72111,72112],{},"A list is created with three values",[195,72114,72115,72118],{},[15,72116,72117],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[195,72120,72121],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72123,72124],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,72126,72128],{"className":37,"code":72127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72129,72130,72154,72168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72131,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72133,811],{"class":50},[44,72135,55],{"class":54},[44,72137,3746],{"class":58},[44,72139,2448],{"class":95},[44,72141,83],{"class":58},[44,72143,96],{"class":95},[44,72145,83],{"class":58},[44,72147,7925],{"class":95},[44,72149,83],{"class":58},[44,72151,50774],{"class":95},[44,72153,3759],{"class":58},[44,72155,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72157,881],{"class":50},[44,72159,108],{"class":58},[44,72161,34715],{"class":111},[44,72163,157],{"class":58},[44,72165,36765],{"class":95},[44,72167,162],{"class":58},[44,72169,72170,72172,72174,72176],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72171,154],{"class":153},[44,72173,157],{"class":58},[44,72175,881],{"class":111},[44,72177,162],{"class":58},[20,72179,330],{},[35,72181,72183],{"className":37,"code":72182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72184,72185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72186,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72188,4027],{"class":58},[44,72190,2448],{"class":95},[44,72192,83],{"class":58},[44,72194,96],{"class":95},[44,72196,83],{"class":58},[44,72198,50774],{"class":95},[44,72200,3759],{"class":58},[30,72202,72204],{"id":72203},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72206,65099,72207,72209,72210,72212],{},[15,72208,55461],{}," deletes only the ",[3868,72211,29975],{}," one.",[35,72214,72216],{"className":37,"code":72215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72217,72218,72258,72276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72219,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72221,7910],{"class":50},[44,72223,55],{"class":54},[44,72225,3746],{"class":58},[44,72227,63],{"class":62},[44,72229,4207],{"class":66},[44,72231,63],{"class":62},[44,72233,83],{"class":58},[44,72235,75],{"class":62},[44,72237,4216],{"class":66},[44,72239,63],{"class":62},[44,72241,83],{"class":58},[44,72243,75],{"class":62},[44,72245,4207],{"class":66},[44,72247,63],{"class":62},[44,72249,83],{"class":58},[44,72251,75],{"class":62},[44,72253,33140],{"class":66},[44,72255,63],{"class":62},[44,72257,3759],{"class":58},[44,72259,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268,72270,72272,72274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72261,7940],{"class":50},[44,72263,108],{"class":58},[44,72265,34715],{"class":111},[44,72267,157],{"class":58},[44,72269,63],{"class":62},[44,72271,4207],{"class":66},[44,72273,63],{"class":62},[44,72275,162],{"class":58},[44,72277,72278,72280,72282,72284],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72279,154],{"class":153},[44,72281,157],{"class":58},[44,72283,7940],{"class":111},[44,72285,162],{"class":58},[20,72287,330],{},[35,72289,72291],{"className":37,"code":72290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72292,72293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72294,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72296,4027],{"class":58},[44,72298,343],{"class":62},[44,72300,4216],{"class":66},[44,72302,343],{"class":62},[44,72304,83],{"class":58},[44,72306,352],{"class":62},[44,72308,4207],{"class":66},[44,72310,343],{"class":62},[44,72312,83],{"class":58},[44,72314,352],{"class":62},[44,72316,33140],{"class":66},[44,72318,343],{"class":62},[44,72320,3759],{"class":58},[20,72322,72323,72324,72326],{},"Only the first ",[15,72325,57766],{}," was removed.",[20,72328,72329,72330,72332],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72331,55461],{}," again:",[35,72334,72336],{"className":37,"code":72335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72337,72338,72378,72396,72414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72339,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72341,7910],{"class":50},[44,72343,55],{"class":54},[44,72345,3746],{"class":58},[44,72347,63],{"class":62},[44,72349,4207],{"class":66},[44,72351,63],{"class":62},[44,72353,83],{"class":58},[44,72355,75],{"class":62},[44,72357,4216],{"class":66},[44,72359,63],{"class":62},[44,72361,83],{"class":58},[44,72363,75],{"class":62},[44,72365,4207],{"class":66},[44,72367,63],{"class":62},[44,72369,83],{"class":58},[44,72371,75],{"class":62},[44,72373,33140],{"class":66},[44,72375,63],{"class":62},[44,72377,3759],{"class":58},[44,72379,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72381,7940],{"class":50},[44,72383,108],{"class":58},[44,72385,34715],{"class":111},[44,72387,157],{"class":58},[44,72389,63],{"class":62},[44,72391,4207],{"class":66},[44,72393,63],{"class":62},[44,72395,162],{"class":58},[44,72397,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410,72412],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72399,7940],{"class":50},[44,72401,108],{"class":58},[44,72403,34715],{"class":111},[44,72405,157],{"class":58},[44,72407,63],{"class":62},[44,72409,4207],{"class":66},[44,72411,63],{"class":62},[44,72413,162],{"class":58},[44,72415,72416,72418,72420,72422],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,72417,154],{"class":153},[44,72419,157],{"class":58},[44,72421,7940],{"class":111},[44,72423,162],{"class":58},[20,72425,330],{},[35,72427,72429],{"className":37,"code":72428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72430,72431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72432,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72434,4027],{"class":58},[44,72436,343],{"class":62},[44,72438,4216],{"class":66},[44,72440,343],{"class":62},[44,72442,83],{"class":58},[44,72444,352],{"class":62},[44,72446,33140],{"class":66},[44,72448,343],{"class":62},[44,72450,3759],{"class":58},[20,72452,72453,72454,72456],{},"If you need to remove ",[3868,72455,3840],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72458,72460],{"className":37,"code":72459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72461,72462,72502,72536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72463,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72465,7910],{"class":50},[44,72467,55],{"class":54},[44,72469,3746],{"class":58},[44,72471,63],{"class":62},[44,72473,4207],{"class":66},[44,72475,63],{"class":62},[44,72477,83],{"class":58},[44,72479,75],{"class":62},[44,72481,4216],{"class":66},[44,72483,63],{"class":62},[44,72485,83],{"class":58},[44,72487,75],{"class":62},[44,72489,4207],{"class":66},[44,72491,63],{"class":62},[44,72493,83],{"class":58},[44,72495,75],{"class":62},[44,72497,33140],{"class":66},[44,72499,63],{"class":62},[44,72501,3759],{"class":58},[44,72503,72504,72506,72508,72510,72512,72514,72516,72518,72521,72523,72525,72528,72530,72532,72534],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72505,7910],{"class":50},[44,72507,55],{"class":54},[44,72509,3746],{"class":58},[44,72511,28606],{"class":50},[44,72513,6087],{"class":4002},[44,72515,6090],{"class":50},[44,72517,4009],{"class":4002},[44,72519,72520],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72522,7128],{"class":4002},[44,72524,6090],{"class":50},[44,72526,72527],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72529,75],{"class":62},[44,72531,4207],{"class":66},[44,72533,63],{"class":62},[44,72535,3759],{"class":58},[44,72537,72538,72540,72542,72544],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72539,154],{"class":153},[44,72541,157],{"class":58},[44,72543,7940],{"class":111},[44,72545,162],{"class":58},[20,72547,330],{},[35,72549,72550],{"className":37,"code":72428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72551,72552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72553,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72555,4027],{"class":58},[44,72557,343],{"class":62},[44,72559,4216],{"class":66},[44,72561,343],{"class":62},[44,72563,83],{"class":58},[44,72565,352],{"class":62},[44,72567,33140],{"class":66},[44,72569,343],{"class":62},[44,72571,3759],{"class":58},[30,72573,65565],{"id":65564},[20,72575,65568,72576,108],{},[15,72577,40630],{},[35,72579,72581],{"className":37,"code":72580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72582,72583,72615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72586,7910],{"class":50},[44,72588,55],{"class":54},[44,72590,3746],{"class":58},[44,72592,63],{"class":62},[44,72594,4207],{"class":66},[44,72596,63],{"class":62},[44,72598,83],{"class":58},[44,72600,75],{"class":62},[44,72602,4216],{"class":66},[44,72604,63],{"class":62},[44,72606,83],{"class":58},[44,72608,75],{"class":62},[44,72610,33140],{"class":66},[44,72612,63],{"class":62},[44,72614,3759],{"class":58},[44,72616,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72618,7940],{"class":50},[44,72620,108],{"class":58},[44,72622,34715],{"class":111},[44,72624,157],{"class":58},[44,72626,63],{"class":62},[44,72628,22603],{"class":66},[44,72630,63],{"class":62},[44,72632,162],{"class":58},[20,72634,330],{},[35,72636,72638],{"className":37,"code":72637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72639,72640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72641,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72643,40630],{"class":1861},[44,72645,72],{"class":58},[44,72647,22630],{"class":1861},[44,72649,108],{"class":58},[44,72651,34715],{"class":111},[44,72653,157],{"class":58},[44,72655,2291],{"class":111},[44,72657,16535],{"class":58},[44,72659,4006],{"class":50},[44,72661,4762],{"class":54},[44,72663,21245],{"class":54},[44,72665,72666],{"class":1861}," list\n",[20,72668,72669],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72671,72672],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72674,72676],{"className":37,"code":72675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72677,72678,72710,72722,72726,72738,72753,72757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72681,7910],{"class":50},[44,72683,55],{"class":54},[44,72685,3746],{"class":58},[44,72687,63],{"class":62},[44,72689,4207],{"class":66},[44,72691,63],{"class":62},[44,72693,83],{"class":58},[44,72695,75],{"class":62},[44,72697,4216],{"class":66},[44,72699,63],{"class":62},[44,72701,83],{"class":58},[44,72703,75],{"class":62},[44,72705,33140],{"class":66},[44,72707,63],{"class":62},[44,72709,3759],{"class":58},[44,72711,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72713,2564],{"class":50},[44,72715,55],{"class":54},[44,72717,75],{"class":62},[44,72719,22603],{"class":66},[44,72721,3479],{"class":62},[44,72723,72724],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72725,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,72727,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,72729,7128],{"class":4002},[44,72731,21655],{"class":50},[44,72733,4009],{"class":54},[44,72735,6095],{"class":50},[44,72737,6523],{"class":58},[44,72739,72740,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,72741,72742],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72744,108],{"class":58},[44,72746,34715],{"class":111},[44,72748,157],{"class":58},[44,72750,2590],{"class":111},[44,72752,162],{"class":58},[44,72754,72755],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,72756,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,72758,72759,72761,72763,72765],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,72760,154],{"class":153},[44,72762,157],{"class":58},[44,72764,7940],{"class":111},[44,72766,162],{"class":58},[20,72768,330],{},[35,72770,72772],{"className":37,"code":72771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72773,72774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72775,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72777,4027],{"class":58},[44,72779,343],{"class":62},[44,72781,4207],{"class":66},[44,72783,343],{"class":62},[44,72785,83],{"class":58},[44,72787,352],{"class":62},[44,72789,4216],{"class":66},[44,72791,343],{"class":62},[44,72793,83],{"class":58},[44,72795,352],{"class":62},[44,72797,33140],{"class":66},[44,72799,343],{"class":62},[44,72801,3759],{"class":58},[20,72803,72804,72805,72807],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72806,55461],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72809,72810,72811,108],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[395,72812,65774],{"href":72813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,72815,72817],{"id":72816},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72819,72820,4523,72822,72824],{},[15,72821,55461],{},[15,72823,12861],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[192,72826,72827,72834,72840,72846],{},[195,72828,72829,72831,72832],{},[15,72830,55461],{}," deletes by ",[3868,72833,2590],{},[195,72835,72836,72831,72838],{},[15,72837,12861],{},[3868,72839,35768],{},[195,72841,72842,1298,72844],{},[15,72843,55461],{},[15,72845,217],{},[195,72847,72848,72850],{},[15,72849,12861],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72852,45969,72853,72],{},[15,72854,55461],{},[35,72856,72858],{"className":37,"code":72857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72859,72860,72892,72910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72861,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72863,7910],{"class":50},[44,72865,55],{"class":54},[44,72867,3746],{"class":58},[44,72869,63],{"class":62},[44,72871,4207],{"class":66},[44,72873,63],{"class":62},[44,72875,83],{"class":58},[44,72877,75],{"class":62},[44,72879,4216],{"class":66},[44,72881,63],{"class":62},[44,72883,83],{"class":58},[44,72885,75],{"class":62},[44,72887,33140],{"class":66},[44,72889,63],{"class":62},[44,72891,3759],{"class":58},[44,72893,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72895,7940],{"class":50},[44,72897,108],{"class":58},[44,72899,34715],{"class":111},[44,72901,157],{"class":58},[44,72903,63],{"class":62},[44,72905,4216],{"class":66},[44,72907,63],{"class":62},[44,72909,162],{"class":58},[44,72911,72912,72914,72916,72918],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,72913,154],{"class":153},[44,72915,157],{"class":58},[44,72917,7940],{"class":111},[44,72919,162],{"class":58},[20,72921,330],{},[35,72923,72925],{"className":37,"code":72924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72926,72927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72928,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941,72943,72945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72930,4027],{"class":58},[44,72932,343],{"class":62},[44,72934,4207],{"class":66},[44,72936,343],{"class":62},[44,72938,83],{"class":58},[44,72940,352],{"class":62},[44,72942,33140],{"class":66},[44,72944,343],{"class":62},[44,72946,3759],{"class":58},[20,72948,45969,72949,72],{},[15,72950,12861],{},[35,72952,72954],{"className":37,"code":72953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72955,72956,72988,73007,73011,73021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72957,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72959,7910],{"class":50},[44,72961,55],{"class":54},[44,72963,3746],{"class":58},[44,72965,63],{"class":62},[44,72967,4207],{"class":66},[44,72969,63],{"class":62},[44,72971,83],{"class":58},[44,72973,75],{"class":62},[44,72975,4216],{"class":66},[44,72977,63],{"class":62},[44,72979,83],{"class":58},[44,72981,75],{"class":62},[44,72983,33140],{"class":66},[44,72985,63],{"class":62},[44,72987,3759],{"class":58},[44,72989,72990,72993,72995,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,72991,72992],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72994,55],{"class":54},[44,72996,6095],{"class":50},[44,72998,108],{"class":58},[44,73000,26309],{"class":111},[44,73002,157],{"class":58},[44,73004,3108],{"class":95},[44,73006,162],{"class":58},[44,73008,73009],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73010,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,73012,73013,73015,73017,73019],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,73014,154],{"class":153},[44,73016,157],{"class":58},[44,73018,7940],{"class":111},[44,73020,162],{"class":58},[44,73022,73023,73025,73027,73030],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,73024,154],{"class":153},[44,73026,157],{"class":58},[44,73028,73029],{"class":111},"removed_item",[44,73031,162],{"class":58},[20,73033,330],{},[35,73035,73037],{"className":37,"code":73036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73038,73039,73059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73040,73041,73043,73045,73047,73049,73051,73053,73055,73057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73042,4027],{"class":58},[44,73044,343],{"class":62},[44,73046,4207],{"class":66},[44,73048,343],{"class":62},[44,73050,83],{"class":58},[44,73052,352],{"class":62},[44,73054,33140],{"class":66},[44,73056,343],{"class":62},[44,73058,3759],{"class":58},[44,73060,73061],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73062,70341],{"class":50},[20,73064,172,73065,73067],{},[15,73066,55461],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73069,172,73070,73072],{},[15,73071,12861],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73074,73075,73076,108],{},"For more detail, see the ",[395,73077,73078],{"href":55011},"Python list pop() method",[30,73080,73082],{"id":73081},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73084,73085,4523,73087,73089],{},[15,73086,55461],{},[15,73088,27093],{}," are also different.",[192,73091,73092,73097,73102,73107],{},[195,73093,73094,73096],{},[15,73095,55461],{}," deletes by matching value",[195,73098,73099,73101],{},[15,73100,27093],{}," deletes by index or slice",[195,73103,172,73104,73106],{},[15,73105,27093],{}," when you know the position",[195,73108,172,73109,73111],{},[15,73110,55461],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73113,45969,73114,72],{},[15,73115,27093],{},[35,73117,73119],{"className":37,"code":73118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73120,73121,73153,73165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73122,73123,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73124,7910],{"class":50},[44,73126,55],{"class":54},[44,73128,3746],{"class":58},[44,73130,63],{"class":62},[44,73132,4207],{"class":66},[44,73134,63],{"class":62},[44,73136,83],{"class":58},[44,73138,75],{"class":62},[44,73140,4216],{"class":66},[44,73142,63],{"class":62},[44,73144,83],{"class":58},[44,73146,75],{"class":62},[44,73148,33140],{"class":66},[44,73150,63],{"class":62},[44,73152,3759],{"class":58},[44,73154,73155,73157,73159,73161,73163],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73156,27093],{"class":4002},[44,73158,6095],{"class":50},[44,73160,4027],{"class":58},[44,73162,3108],{"class":95},[44,73164,3759],{"class":58},[44,73166,73167,73169,73171,73173],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73168,154],{"class":153},[44,73170,157],{"class":58},[44,73172,7940],{"class":111},[44,73174,162],{"class":58},[20,73176,330],{},[35,73178,73179],{"className":37,"code":72924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,73180,73181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73182,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73184,4027],{"class":58},[44,73186,343],{"class":62},[44,73188,4207],{"class":66},[44,73190,343],{"class":62},[44,73192,83],{"class":58},[44,73194,352],{"class":62},[44,73196,33140],{"class":66},[44,73198,343],{"class":62},[44,73200,3759],{"class":58},[20,73202,73203,73204,73206,73207,73209],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73205,3108],{},", not the value ",[15,73208,65209],{}," directly.",[20,73211,73212,73213,108],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[395,73214,55000],{"href":54999},[30,73216,1803],{"id":1802},[20,73218,21283,73219,72],{},[15,73220,55461],{},[192,73222,73223,73226,73231,73238,73247],{},[195,73224,73225],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[195,73227,1821,73228,73230],{},[15,73229,55461],{}," to delete all matching values",[195,73232,1813,73233,73235,73236],{},[15,73234,55461],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73237,217],{},[195,73239,567,73240,44558,73242,2997,73244,73246],{},[15,73241,55461],{},[15,73243,12861],{},[15,73245,27093],{}," would be a better fit",[195,73248,73249],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73251,71441],{},[35,73253,73255],{"className":37,"code":73254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73256,73257,73267,73281,73299,73313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73258,73259,73261,73263,73265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73260,154],{"class":153},[44,73262,157],{"class":58},[44,73264,8470],{"class":111},[44,73266,162],{"class":58},[44,73268,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73270,154],{"class":153},[44,73272,157],{"class":58},[44,73274,2564],{"class":111},[44,73276,4009],{"class":4002},[44,73278,8527],{"class":111},[44,73280,162],{"class":58},[44,73282,73283,73285,73287,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73284,154],{"class":153},[44,73286,157],{"class":58},[44,73288,8470],{"class":111},[44,73290,108],{"class":58},[44,73292,41186],{"class":111},[44,73294,157],{"class":58},[44,73296,2590],{"class":111},[44,73298,1869],{"class":58},[44,73300,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,73302,154],{"class":153},[44,73304,157],{"class":58},[44,73306,1862],{"class":1861},[44,73308,157],{"class":58},[44,73310,8470],{"class":111},[44,73312,1869],{"class":58},[44,73314,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,73316,1913],{"class":153},[44,73318,157],{"class":58},[44,73320,1878],{"class":1861},[44,73322,108],{"class":58},[44,73324,34715],{"class":1923},[44,73326,162],{"class":58},[20,73328,73329],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[192,73331,73332,73335,73338,73341],{},[195,73333,73334],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[195,73336,73337],{},"How many times does it appear?",[195,73339,73340],{},"Am I working with a list?",[195,73342,73343],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73345,73346,73347,73349],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[395,73348,71605],{"href":58898}," may also help.",[30,73351,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,73353,73355],{"id":73354},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73357,73358],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1960,73360,73362],{"id":73361},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73364,214,73365,73367],{},[15,73366,217],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1960,73369,73371],{"id":73370},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73373,73374,73375,73378,73379,108],{},"Check with ",[15,73376,73377],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73380,55461],{},[1960,73382,73384],{"id":73383},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73386,172,73387,73389,73390,73392],{},[15,73388,55461],{}," for a value and ",[15,73391,12861],{}," for an index.",[30,73394,2020],{"id":2019},[192,73396,73397,73401,73405,73409,73413],{},[195,73398,73399],{},[395,73400,55447],{"href":54999},[195,73402,73403],{},[395,73404,73078],{"href":55011},[195,73406,73407],{},[395,73408,71605],{"href":58898},[195,73410,73411],{},[395,73412,65774],{"href":72813},[195,73414,73415],{},[395,73416,73418],{"href":73417},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2048,73420,73421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":73423},[73424,73425,73426,73427,73428,73429,73430,73431,73432,73433,73439],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":71750,"depth":102,"text":71751},{"id":5560,"depth":102,"text":5561},{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":72203,"depth":102,"text":72204},{"id":65564,"depth":102,"text":65565},{"id":72816,"depth":102,"text":72817},{"id":73081,"depth":102,"text":73082},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":73434},[73435,73436,73437,73438],{"id":73354,"depth":150,"text":73355},{"id":73361,"depth":150,"text":73362},{"id":73370,"depth":150,"text":73371},{"id":73383,"depth":150,"text":73384},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71653,"description":73440},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73447,"title":73448,"body":73449,"description":75340,"extension":2080,"meta":75341,"navigation":682,"path":75342,"seo":75343,"stem":75344,"__hash__":75345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73450,"toc":75310},[73451,73457,73463,73466,73477,73479,73528,73533,73538,73542,73557,73559,73624,73626,73667,73669,73671,73686,73688,73699,73701,73758,73760,73793,73795,73798,73847,73849,73874,73876,73892,73898,73905,73966,73968,74001,74006,74009,74089,74091,74152,74158,74162,74165,74229,74231,74256,74258,74278,74280,74329,74331,74352,74361,74364,74368,74373,74418,74420,74441,74447,74452,74460,74524,74526,74563,74569,74573,74580,74645,74647,74684,74688,74705,74715,74720,74725,74736,74743,74745,74751,74774,74777,74804,74809,74812,74913,74915,74970,74973,75080,75082,75153,75156,75182,75184,75189,75193,75201,75206,75211,75217,75222,75226,75229,75246,75249,75269,75277,75279,75307],[10,73452,54274,73454,18],{"id":73453},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73455,73456],{},"reverse()",[20,73458,73459,73462],{},[15,73460,73461],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73464,73465],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73467,73468,73469,73471,73472,73476],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73470,73456],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[395,73473,73475],{"href":73474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73478,3731],{"id":3730},[35,73480,73482],{"className":37,"code":73481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73483,73484,73504,73515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73485,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500,73502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73487,3741],{"class":50},[44,73489,55],{"class":54},[44,73491,3746],{"class":58},[44,73493,3108],{"class":95},[44,73495,83],{"class":58},[44,73497,1012],{"class":95},[44,73499,83],{"class":58},[44,73501,1017],{"class":95},[44,73503,3759],{"class":58},[44,73505,73506,73508,73510,73513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73507,3773],{"class":50},[44,73509,108],{"class":58},[44,73511,73512],{"class":111},"reverse",[44,73514,1635],{"class":58},[44,73516,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73518,154],{"class":153},[44,73520,157],{"class":58},[44,73522,3773],{"class":111},[44,73524,3786],{"class":58},[44,73526,73527],{"class":168},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73529,73530,73532],{},[15,73531,73456],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73534,179,73536,182],{"id":73535},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73537,73461],{},[20,73539,73540,72],{},[15,73541,73461],{},[192,73543,73544,73547,73550,73554],{},[195,73545,73546],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[195,73548,73549],{},"Changes the original list directly",[195,73551,11530,73552],{},[15,73553,217],{},[195,73555,73556],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73558,223],{},[35,73560,73562],{"className":37,"code":73561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73563,73564,73604,73614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73565,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73567,36013],{"class":50},[44,73569,55],{"class":54},[44,73571,3746],{"class":58},[44,73573,63],{"class":62},[44,73575,395],{"class":66},[44,73577,63],{"class":62},[44,73579,83],{"class":58},[44,73581,75],{"class":62},[44,73583,1005],{"class":66},[44,73585,63],{"class":62},[44,73587,83],{"class":58},[44,73589,75],{"class":62},[44,73591,9855],{"class":66},[44,73593,63],{"class":62},[44,73595,83],{"class":58},[44,73597,75],{"class":62},[44,73599,18844],{"class":66},[44,73601,63],{"class":62},[44,73603,3759],{"class":58},[44,73605,73606,73608,73610,73612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73607,36066],{"class":50},[44,73609,108],{"class":58},[44,73611,73512],{"class":111},[44,73613,1635],{"class":58},[44,73615,73616,73618,73620,73622],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73617,154],{"class":153},[44,73619,157],{"class":58},[44,73621,36066],{"class":111},[44,73623,162],{"class":58},[20,73625,330],{},[35,73627,73629],{"className":37,"code":73628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73630,73631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73632,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73634,4027],{"class":58},[44,73636,343],{"class":62},[44,73638,18844],{"class":66},[44,73640,343],{"class":62},[44,73642,83],{"class":58},[44,73644,352],{"class":62},[44,73646,9855],{"class":66},[44,73648,343],{"class":62},[44,73650,83],{"class":58},[44,73652,352],{"class":62},[44,73654,1005],{"class":66},[44,73656,343],{"class":62},[44,73658,83],{"class":58},[44,73660,352],{"class":62},[44,73662,395],{"class":66},[44,73664,343],{"class":62},[44,73666,3759],{"class":58},[30,73668,402],{"id":401},[20,73670,2277],{},[35,73672,73674],{"className":37,"code":73673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73675,73676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73677,73678,73680,73682,73684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73679,8470],{"class":50},[44,73681,108],{"class":58},[44,73683,73512],{"class":111},[44,73685,1635],{"class":58},[20,73687,13148],{},[192,73689,73690,73693,73696],{},[195,73691,73692],{},"No arguments are needed",[195,73694,73695],{},"You call it on an existing list",[195,73697,73698],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73700,223],{},[35,73702,73704],{"className":37,"code":73703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73705,73706,73738,73748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73707,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726,73728,73730,73732,73734,73736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73709,13172],{"class":50},[44,73711,55],{"class":54},[44,73713,3746],{"class":58},[44,73715,63],{"class":62},[44,73717,13189],{"class":66},[44,73719,63],{"class":62},[44,73721,83],{"class":58},[44,73723,75],{"class":62},[44,73725,17534],{"class":66},[44,73727,63],{"class":62},[44,73729,83],{"class":58},[44,73731,75],{"class":62},[44,73733,13206],{"class":66},[44,73735,63],{"class":62},[44,73737,3759],{"class":58},[44,73739,73740,73742,73744,73746],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73741,17581],{"class":50},[44,73743,108],{"class":58},[44,73745,73512],{"class":111},[44,73747,1635],{"class":58},[44,73749,73750,73752,73754,73756],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73751,154],{"class":153},[44,73753,157],{"class":58},[44,73755,17581],{"class":111},[44,73757,162],{"class":58},[20,73759,330],{},[35,73761,73763],{"className":37,"code":73762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73764,73765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73766,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777,73779,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73768,4027],{"class":58},[44,73770,343],{"class":62},[44,73772,13206],{"class":66},[44,73774,343],{"class":62},[44,73776,83],{"class":58},[44,73778,352],{"class":62},[44,73780,17534],{"class":66},[44,73782,343],{"class":62},[44,73784,83],{"class":58},[44,73786,352],{"class":62},[44,73788,13189],{"class":66},[44,73790,343],{"class":62},[44,73792,3759],{"class":58},[30,73794,11581],{"id":11580},[20,73796,73797],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73799,73801],{"className":37,"code":73800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73802,73803,73827,73837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73804,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823,73825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73806,3741],{"class":50},[44,73808,55],{"class":54},[44,73810,3746],{"class":58},[44,73812,2448],{"class":95},[44,73814,83],{"class":58},[44,73816,96],{"class":95},[44,73818,83],{"class":58},[44,73820,7925],{"class":95},[44,73822,83],{"class":58},[44,73824,50774],{"class":95},[44,73826,3759],{"class":58},[44,73828,73829,73831,73833,73835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73830,3773],{"class":50},[44,73832,108],{"class":58},[44,73834,73512],{"class":111},[44,73836,1635],{"class":58},[44,73838,73839,73841,73843,73845],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73840,154],{"class":153},[44,73842,157],{"class":58},[44,73844,3773],{"class":111},[44,73846,162],{"class":58},[20,73848,330],{},[35,73850,73852],{"className":37,"code":73851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73853,73854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73857,4027],{"class":58},[44,73859,56625],{"class":95},[44,73861,83],{"class":58},[44,73863,7925],{"class":95},[44,73865,83],{"class":58},[44,73867,96],{"class":95},[44,73869,83],{"class":58},[44,73871,528],{"class":95},[44,73873,3759],{"class":58},[20,73875,11788],{},[192,73877,73878,73884,73889],{},[195,73879,73880,73881],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73882,73883],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[195,73885,73886,73888],{},[15,73887,73456],{}," flips the order",[195,73890,73891],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,73893,73895,73897],{"id":73894},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73896,73456],{}," changes the original list",[20,73899,73900,73901,73904],{},"This method is ",[3868,73902,73903],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73906,73908],{"className":37,"code":73907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73909,73910,73942,73952,73956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73911,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73913,36162],{"class":50},[44,73915,55],{"class":54},[44,73917,3746],{"class":58},[44,73919,63],{"class":62},[44,73921,4207],{"class":66},[44,73923,63],{"class":62},[44,73925,83],{"class":58},[44,73927,75],{"class":62},[44,73929,4216],{"class":66},[44,73931,63],{"class":62},[44,73933,83],{"class":58},[44,73935,75],{"class":62},[44,73937,4225],{"class":66},[44,73939,63],{"class":62},[44,73941,3759],{"class":58},[44,73943,73944,73946,73948,73950],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,73945,36214],{"class":50},[44,73947,108],{"class":58},[44,73949,73512],{"class":111},[44,73951,1635],{"class":58},[44,73953,73954],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,73955,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,73957,73958,73960,73962,73964],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,73959,154],{"class":153},[44,73961,157],{"class":58},[44,73963,36214],{"class":111},[44,73965,162],{"class":58},[20,73967,330],{},[35,73969,73971],{"className":37,"code":73970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73972,73973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73974,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987,73989,73991,73993,73995,73997,73999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73976,4027],{"class":58},[44,73978,343],{"class":62},[44,73980,4225],{"class":66},[44,73982,343],{"class":62},[44,73984,83],{"class":58},[44,73986,352],{"class":62},[44,73988,4216],{"class":66},[44,73990,343],{"class":62},[44,73992,83],{"class":58},[44,73994,352],{"class":62},[44,73996,4207],{"class":66},[44,73998,343],{"class":62},[44,74000,3759],{"class":58},[20,74002,172,74003,74005],{},[15,74004,73456],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74007,74008],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,74010,74012],{"className":37,"code":74011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74013,74014,74046,74064,74068,74078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74017,36162],{"class":50},[44,74019,55],{"class":54},[44,74021,3746],{"class":58},[44,74023,63],{"class":62},[44,74025,4207],{"class":66},[44,74027,63],{"class":62},[44,74029,83],{"class":58},[44,74031,75],{"class":62},[44,74033,4216],{"class":66},[44,74035,63],{"class":62},[44,74037,83],{"class":58},[44,74039,75],{"class":62},[44,74041,4225],{"class":66},[44,74043,63],{"class":62},[44,74045,3759],{"class":58},[44,74047,74048,74051,74053,74055,74058,74060,74062],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74049,74050],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,74052,55],{"class":54},[44,74054,52783],{"class":50},[44,74056,74057],{"class":58},"[::",[44,74059,2138],{"class":54},[44,74061,3108],{"class":95},[44,74063,3759],{"class":58},[44,74065,74066],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74067,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74069,74070,74072,74074,74076],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74071,154],{"class":153},[44,74073,157],{"class":58},[44,74075,36214],{"class":111},[44,74077,162],{"class":58},[44,74079,74080,74082,74084,74087],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,74081,154],{"class":153},[44,74083,157],{"class":58},[44,74085,74086],{"class":111},"reversed_fruits",[44,74088,162],{"class":58},[20,74090,330],{},[35,74092,74094],{"className":37,"code":74093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74095,74096,74124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74097,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74099,4027],{"class":58},[44,74101,343],{"class":62},[44,74103,4207],{"class":66},[44,74105,343],{"class":62},[44,74107,83],{"class":58},[44,74109,352],{"class":62},[44,74111,4216],{"class":66},[44,74113,343],{"class":62},[44,74115,83],{"class":58},[44,74117,352],{"class":62},[44,74119,4225],{"class":66},[44,74121,343],{"class":62},[44,74123,3759],{"class":58},[44,74125,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148,74150],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74127,4027],{"class":58},[44,74129,343],{"class":62},[44,74131,4225],{"class":66},[44,74133,343],{"class":62},[44,74135,83],{"class":58},[44,74137,352],{"class":62},[44,74139,4216],{"class":66},[44,74141,343],{"class":62},[44,74143,83],{"class":58},[44,74145,352],{"class":62},[44,74147,4207],{"class":66},[44,74149,343],{"class":62},[44,74151,3759],{"class":58},[20,74153,74154,74155,108],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[395,74156,74157],{"href":73474},"Python list slicing explained",[30,74159,74161],{"id":74160},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74163,74164],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,74166,74168],{"className":37,"code":74167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74169,74170,74190,74204,74208,74219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74171,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74173,3741],{"class":50},[44,74175,55],{"class":54},[44,74177,3746],{"class":58},[44,74179,3108],{"class":95},[44,74181,83],{"class":58},[44,74183,1012],{"class":95},[44,74185,83],{"class":58},[44,74187,1017],{"class":95},[44,74189,3759],{"class":58},[44,74191,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74193,55822],{"class":50},[44,74195,55],{"class":54},[44,74197,4392],{"class":50},[44,74199,108],{"class":58},[44,74201,73512],{"class":111},[44,74203,1635],{"class":58},[44,74205,74206],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74207,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74209,74210,74212,74214,74217],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74211,154],{"class":153},[44,74213,157],{"class":58},[44,74215,74216],{"class":111},"new_list",[44,74218,162],{"class":58},[44,74220,74221,74223,74225,74227],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,74222,154],{"class":153},[44,74224,157],{"class":58},[44,74226,3773],{"class":111},[44,74228,162],{"class":58},[20,74230,330],{},[35,74232,74234],{"className":37,"code":74233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74235,74236,74240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74237,74238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74239,1401],{"class":1400},[44,74241,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74243,4027],{"class":58},[44,74245,2179],{"class":95},[44,74247,83],{"class":58},[44,74249,1012],{"class":95},[44,74251,83],{"class":58},[44,74253,504],{"class":95},[44,74255,3759],{"class":58},[20,74257,12004],{},[192,74259,74260,74268,74272],{},[195,74261,74262,74264,74265,74267],{},[15,74263,73456],{}," changes ",[15,74266,3773],{}," directly",[195,74269,40832,74270,71774],{},[3868,74271,4762],{},[195,74273,53585,74274,42082,74276],{},[15,74275,74216],{},[15,74277,217],{},[20,74279,61832],{},[35,74281,74283],{"className":37,"code":74282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74284,74285,74305,74315,74319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74286,74287,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74288,3741],{"class":50},[44,74290,55],{"class":54},[44,74292,3746],{"class":58},[44,74294,3108],{"class":95},[44,74296,83],{"class":58},[44,74298,1012],{"class":95},[44,74300,83],{"class":58},[44,74302,1017],{"class":95},[44,74304,3759],{"class":58},[44,74306,74307,74309,74311,74313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74308,3773],{"class":50},[44,74310,108],{"class":58},[44,74312,73512],{"class":111},[44,74314,1635],{"class":58},[44,74316,74317],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74318,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74320,74321,74323,74325,74327],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74322,154],{"class":153},[44,74324,157],{"class":58},[44,74326,3773],{"class":111},[44,74328,162],{"class":58},[20,74330,330],{},[35,74332,74334],{"className":37,"code":74333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74335,74336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74337,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74339,4027],{"class":58},[44,74341,2179],{"class":95},[44,74343,83],{"class":58},[44,74345,1012],{"class":95},[44,74347,83],{"class":58},[44,74349,504],{"class":95},[44,74351,3759],{"class":58},[30,74353,74355,10698,74357,74360],{"id":74354},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74356,73456],{},[15,74358,74359],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74362,74363],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1960,74365,74366],{"id":73512},[15,74367,73456],{},[20,74369,74370,74372],{},[15,74371,73456],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74374,74376],{"className":37,"code":74375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74377,74378,74398,74408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74381,3741],{"class":50},[44,74383,55],{"class":54},[44,74385,3746],{"class":58},[44,74387,2179],{"class":95},[44,74389,83],{"class":58},[44,74391,504],{"class":95},[44,74393,83],{"class":58},[44,74395,1012],{"class":95},[44,74397,3759],{"class":58},[44,74399,74400,74402,74404,74406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74401,3773],{"class":50},[44,74403,108],{"class":58},[44,74405,73512],{"class":111},[44,74407,1635],{"class":58},[44,74409,74410,74412,74414,74416],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74411,154],{"class":153},[44,74413,157],{"class":58},[44,74415,3773],{"class":111},[44,74417,162],{"class":58},[20,74419,330],{},[35,74421,74423],{"className":37,"code":74422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74424,74425],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74426,74427,74429,74431,74433,74435,74437,74439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74428,4027],{"class":58},[44,74430,2173],{"class":95},[44,74432,83],{"class":58},[44,74434,504],{"class":95},[44,74436,83],{"class":58},[44,74438,1017],{"class":95},[44,74440,3759],{"class":58},[20,74442,74443,74444,74446],{},"Notice that this is ",[3868,74445,4762],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1960,74448,74450],{"id":74449},"sorted",[15,74451,74359],{},[20,74453,74454,74459],{},[395,74455,74457],{"href":74456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74458,74359],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74461,74463],{"className":37,"code":74462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74464,74465,74485,74500,74504,74514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74466,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74468,3741],{"class":50},[44,74470,55],{"class":54},[44,74472,3746],{"class":58},[44,74474,2179],{"class":95},[44,74476,83],{"class":58},[44,74478,504],{"class":95},[44,74480,83],{"class":58},[44,74482,1012],{"class":95},[44,74484,3759],{"class":58},[44,74486,74487,74489,74491,74494,74496,74498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74488,1340],{"class":50},[44,74490,55],{"class":54},[44,74492,74493],{"class":153}," sorted",[44,74495,157],{"class":58},[44,74497,3773],{"class":111},[44,74499,162],{"class":58},[44,74501,74502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74503,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74505,74506,74508,74510,74512],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74507,154],{"class":153},[44,74509,157],{"class":58},[44,74511,3773],{"class":111},[44,74513,162],{"class":58},[44,74515,74516,74518,74520,74522],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,74517,154],{"class":153},[44,74519,157],{"class":58},[44,74521,1376],{"class":111},[44,74523,162],{"class":58},[20,74525,330],{},[35,74527,74529],{"className":37,"code":74528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74530,74531,74547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74532,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74534,4027],{"class":58},[44,74536,2179],{"class":95},[44,74538,83],{"class":58},[44,74540,504],{"class":95},[44,74542,83],{"class":58},[44,74544,1012],{"class":95},[44,74546,3759],{"class":58},[44,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74550,4027],{"class":58},[44,74552,3108],{"class":95},[44,74554,83],{"class":58},[44,74556,1012],{"class":95},[44,74558,83],{"class":58},[44,74560,1017],{"class":95},[44,74562,3759],{"class":58},[20,74564,74565,74566,108],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74567,74568],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1960,74570,74572],{"id":74571},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74574,74575,74576,74579],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74577,74578],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74581,74583],{"className":37,"code":74582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74584,74585,74605,74621,74625,74635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74586,74587,74589,74591,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74588,3741],{"class":50},[44,74590,55],{"class":54},[44,74592,3746],{"class":58},[44,74594,2179],{"class":95},[44,74596,83],{"class":58},[44,74598,504],{"class":95},[44,74600,83],{"class":58},[44,74602,1012],{"class":95},[44,74604,3759],{"class":58},[44,74606,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74608,1340],{"class":50},[44,74610,55],{"class":54},[44,74612,4392],{"class":50},[44,74614,74057],{"class":58},[44,74616,2138],{"class":54},[44,74618,3108],{"class":95},[44,74620,3759],{"class":58},[44,74622,74623],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74624,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74626,74627,74629,74631,74633],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74628,154],{"class":153},[44,74630,157],{"class":58},[44,74632,3773],{"class":111},[44,74634,162],{"class":58},[44,74636,74637,74639,74641,74643],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,74638,154],{"class":153},[44,74640,157],{"class":58},[44,74642,1376],{"class":111},[44,74644,162],{"class":58},[20,74646,330],{},[35,74648,74650],{"className":37,"code":74649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74651,74652,74668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74653,74654,74656,74658,74660,74662,74664,74666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74655,4027],{"class":58},[44,74657,2179],{"class":95},[44,74659,83],{"class":58},[44,74661,504],{"class":95},[44,74663,83],{"class":58},[44,74665,1012],{"class":95},[44,74667,3759],{"class":58},[44,74669,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74671,4027],{"class":58},[44,74673,2173],{"class":95},[44,74675,83],{"class":58},[44,74677,504],{"class":95},[44,74679,83],{"class":58},[44,74681,1017],{"class":95},[44,74683,3759],{"class":58},[1960,74685,74687],{"id":74686},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[192,74689,74690,74695,74700],{},[195,74691,172,74692,74694],{},[15,74693,73456],{}," when you want to change the original list",[195,74696,172,74697,74699],{},[15,74698,74578],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[195,74701,172,74702,74704],{},[15,74703,74359],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74706,74707,74708,74714],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[395,74709,74711,74712,10852],{"href":74710},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74713,64246],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74716,1551,74718],{"id":74717},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74719,73456],{},[20,74721,74722,74724],{},[15,74723,73456],{}," is a good choice:",[192,74726,74727,74730,74733],{},[195,74728,74729],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[195,74731,74732],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[195,74734,74735],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74737,74738,74739,108],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[395,74740,74742],{"href":74741},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74744,1803],{"id":1802},[20,74746,74747,74748,74750],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74749,73456],{}," for these reasons:",[192,74752,74753,74757,74762,74767],{},[195,74754,1813,74755,12697],{},[15,74756,73456],{},[195,74758,1821,74759,74761],{},[15,74760,73456],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[195,74763,567,74764,74766],{},[15,74765,73456],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[195,74768,37128,74769,8835,74771],{},[15,74770,73456],{},[15,74772,74773],{},"reversed()",[20,74775,74776],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74778,74780],{"className":37,"code":74779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74781,74782,74794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74783,74784,74786,74788,74790,74792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74785,34608],{"class":50},[44,74787,55],{"class":54},[44,74789,75],{"class":62},[44,74791,3971],{"class":66},[44,74793,3479],{"class":62},[44,74795,74796,74798,74800,74802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74797,34629],{"class":50},[44,74799,108],{"class":58},[44,74801,73512],{"class":111},[44,74803,1635],{"class":58},[20,74805,74806,74807,33520],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74808,73456],{},[20,74810,74811],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74813,74815],{"className":37,"code":74814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74816,74817,74837,74841,74851,74865,74869,74883,74893,74897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74818,74819,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74820,8439],{"class":50},[44,74822,55],{"class":54},[44,74824,3746],{"class":58},[44,74826,3108],{"class":95},[44,74828,83],{"class":58},[44,74830,1012],{"class":95},[44,74832,83],{"class":58},[44,74834,1017],{"class":95},[44,74836,3759],{"class":58},[44,74838,74839],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74840,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74844,154],{"class":153},[44,74846,157],{"class":58},[44,74848,8470],{"class":111},[44,74850,162],{"class":58},[44,74852,74853,74855,74857,74859,74861,74863],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74854,154],{"class":153},[44,74856,157],{"class":58},[44,74858,1862],{"class":1861},[44,74860,157],{"class":58},[44,74862,8470],{"class":111},[44,74864,1869],{"class":58},[44,74866,74867],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,74868,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74870,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,74872,1340],{"class":50},[44,74874,55],{"class":54},[44,74876,8527],{"class":50},[44,74878,108],{"class":58},[44,74880,73512],{"class":111},[44,74882,1635],{"class":58},[44,74884,74885,74887,74889,74891],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,74886,154],{"class":153},[44,74888,157],{"class":58},[44,74890,1376],{"class":111},[44,74892,162],{"class":58},[44,74894,74895],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,74896,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,74898,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907,74909,74911],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,74900,154],{"class":153},[44,74902,157],{"class":58},[44,74904,8470],{"class":111},[44,74906,74057],{"class":58},[44,74908,2138],{"class":54},[44,74910,3108],{"class":95},[44,74912,4015],{"class":58},[20,74914,330],{},[35,74916,74918],{"className":37,"code":74917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74919,74920,74936,74950,74954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74921,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932,74934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74923,4027],{"class":58},[44,74925,3108],{"class":95},[44,74927,83],{"class":58},[44,74929,1012],{"class":95},[44,74931,83],{"class":58},[44,74933,1017],{"class":95},[44,74935,3759],{"class":58},[44,74937,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,74939,3411],{"class":54},[44,74941,3414],{"class":2182},[44,74943,352],{"class":62},[44,74945,1878],{"class":66},[44,74947,343],{"class":62},[44,74949,3423],{"class":54},[44,74951,74952],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,74953,1401],{"class":1400},[44,74955,74956,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,74957,4027],{"class":58},[44,74959,3108],{"class":95},[44,74961,83],{"class":58},[44,74963,1012],{"class":95},[44,74965,83],{"class":58},[44,74967,504],{"class":95},[44,74969,3759],{"class":58},[20,74971,74972],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74974,74976],{"className":37,"code":74975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74977,74978,74998,75002,75012,75026,75030,75044,75054,75064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74979,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74981,8439],{"class":50},[44,74983,55],{"class":54},[44,74985,3746],{"class":58},[44,74987,3108],{"class":95},[44,74989,83],{"class":58},[44,74991,1012],{"class":95},[44,74993,83],{"class":58},[44,74995,1017],{"class":95},[44,74997,3759],{"class":58},[44,74999,75000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75001,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,75003,75004,75006,75008,75010],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,75005,154],{"class":153},[44,75007,157],{"class":58},[44,75009,8470],{"class":111},[44,75011,162],{"class":58},[44,75013,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022,75024],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,75015,154],{"class":153},[44,75017,157],{"class":58},[44,75019,1862],{"class":1861},[44,75021,157],{"class":58},[44,75023,8470],{"class":111},[44,75025,1869],{"class":58},[44,75027,75028],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,75029,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,75031,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,75033,1340],{"class":50},[44,75035,55],{"class":54},[44,75037,8527],{"class":50},[44,75039,108],{"class":58},[44,75041,73512],{"class":111},[44,75043,1635],{"class":58},[44,75045,75046,75048,75050,75052],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,75047,154],{"class":153},[44,75049,157],{"class":58},[44,75051,1376],{"class":111},[44,75053,162],{"class":58},[44,75055,75056,75058,75060,75062],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,75057,154],{"class":153},[44,75059,157],{"class":58},[44,75061,8470],{"class":111},[44,75063,162],{"class":58},[44,75065,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,75067,154],{"class":153},[44,75069,157],{"class":58},[44,75071,8470],{"class":111},[44,75073,74057],{"class":58},[44,75075,2138],{"class":54},[44,75077,3108],{"class":95},[44,75079,4015],{"class":58},[20,75081,330],{},[35,75083,75085],{"className":37,"code":75084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75086,75087,75103,75117,75121,75137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75088,75089,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099,75101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75090,4027],{"class":58},[44,75092,3108],{"class":95},[44,75094,83],{"class":58},[44,75096,1012],{"class":95},[44,75098,83],{"class":58},[44,75100,1017],{"class":95},[44,75102,3759],{"class":58},[44,75104,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75106,3411],{"class":54},[44,75108,3414],{"class":2182},[44,75110,352],{"class":62},[44,75112,1878],{"class":66},[44,75114,343],{"class":62},[44,75116,3423],{"class":54},[44,75118,75119],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,75120,1401],{"class":1400},[44,75122,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,75124,4027],{"class":58},[44,75126,2179],{"class":95},[44,75128,83],{"class":58},[44,75130,1012],{"class":95},[44,75132,83],{"class":58},[44,75134,504],{"class":95},[44,75136,3759],{"class":58},[44,75138,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149,75151],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,75140,4027],{"class":58},[44,75142,3108],{"class":95},[44,75144,83],{"class":58},[44,75146,1012],{"class":95},[44,75148,83],{"class":58},[44,75150,1017],{"class":95},[44,75152,3759],{"class":58},[20,75154,75155],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[192,75157,75158,75167,75176],{},[195,75159,27864,75160,75163,75164],{},[15,75161,75162],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75165,75166],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[195,75168,12020,75169,75172,75173,22630],{},[15,75170,75171],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3868,75174,75175],{},"current",[195,75177,75178,75179],{},"So it prints ",[15,75180,75181],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,75183,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,75185,1963,75187,55401],{"id":75186},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75188,73461],{},[20,75190,62537,75191,108],{},[15,75192,217],{},[1960,75194,34125,75196,34128,75198,2610],{"id":75195},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75197,73456],{},[15,75199,75200],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75202,75203,75205],{},[15,75204,73456],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75207,75208,75210],{},[15,75209,75200],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1960,75212,1994,75214,75216],{"id":75213},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75215,73456],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75218,46294,75219,75221],{},[15,75220,73456],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1960,75223,75225],{"id":75224},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75227,75228],{},"Use slicing:",[35,75230,75232],{"className":37,"code":75231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75233,75234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75235,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75237,8470],{"class":50},[44,75239,74057],{"class":58},[44,75241,2138],{"class":54},[44,75243,3108],{"class":95},[44,75245,3759],{"class":58},[20,75247,75248],{},"Or use:",[35,75250,75252],{"className":37,"code":75251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75253,75254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75255,75256,75258,75260,75263,75265,75267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75257,1878],{"class":1861},[44,75259,157],{"class":58},[44,75261,75262],{"class":153},"reversed",[44,75264,157],{"class":58},[44,75266,8470],{"class":111},[44,75268,1869],{"class":58},[20,75270,75271,75272,75276],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[395,75273,55452,75274],{"href":54892},[15,75275,12875],{}," can also help.",[30,75278,2020],{"id":2019},[192,75280,75281,75287,75293,75297,75301],{},[195,75282,75283],{},[395,75284,55452,75285,10852],{"href":74710},[15,75286,64246],{},[195,75288,75289],{},[395,75290,3697,75291,3630],{"href":74456},[15,75292,74359],{},[195,75294,75295],{},[395,75296,74742],{"href":74741},[195,75298,75299],{},[395,75300,74157],{"href":73474},[195,75302,75303],{},[395,75304,55452,75305,10852],{"href":54892},[15,75306,12875],{},[2048,75308,75309],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":75311},[75312,75313,75315,75316,75317,75319,75320,75327,75329,75330,75339],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":73535,"depth":102,"text":75314},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":73894,"depth":102,"text":75318},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74160,"depth":102,"text":74161},{"id":74354,"depth":102,"text":75321,"children":75322},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75323,75324,75325,75326],{"id":73512,"depth":150,"text":73456},{"id":74449,"depth":150,"text":74359},{"id":74571,"depth":150,"text":74572},{"id":74686,"depth":150,"text":74687},{"id":74717,"depth":102,"text":75328},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":75331},[75332,75334,75336,75338],{"id":75186,"depth":150,"text":75333},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75195,"depth":150,"text":75335},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75213,"depth":150,"text":75337},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75224,"depth":150,"text":75225},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73448,"description":75340},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75347,"title":75348,"body":75349,"description":77782,"extension":2080,"meta":77783,"navigation":682,"path":77784,"seo":77785,"stem":77786,"__hash__":77787},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75350,"toc":77750},[75351,75354,75366,75369,75392,75400,75402,75514,75523,75527,75530,75533,75620,75622,75655,75657,75680,75686,75690,75693,75715,75717,75734,75737,75757,75759,75869,75871,75948,75952,75955,75998,76000,76133,76135,76237,76242,76246,76249,76251,76265,76268,76382,76384,76458,76460,76488,76492,76497,76527,76530,76656,76658,76740,76746,76750,76752,76791,76800,76804,76807,76811,76858,76860,76868,76872,76923,76925,76938,76940,76954,76957,76965,76967,77014,77016,77024,77027,77070,77075,77078,77081,77104,77108,77159,77162,77183,77193,77197,77199,77229,77232,77255,77259,77262,77329,77331,77368,77371,77379,77446,77448,77485,77491,77498,77502,77505,77535,77540,77544,77547,77571,77574,77668,77678,77680,77684,77687,77691,77694,77699,77702,77708,77711,77713,77741,77747],[10,75352,75348],{"id":75353},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75355,75356,75357,2307,75359,17153,75362,75365],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75358,35995],{},[15,75360,75361],{},"stop",[15,75363,75364],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75367,75368],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75370,75372],{"className":37,"code":75371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75373,75374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75375,75376,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388,75390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75377,8470],{"class":50},[44,75379,4027],{"class":58},[44,75381,35995],{"class":50},[44,75383,72],{"class":58},[44,75385,75361],{"class":50},[44,75387,72],{"class":58},[44,75389,75364],{"class":50},[44,75391,3759],{"class":58},[20,75393,75394,75395,75397,75398,108],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75396,75361],{}," position is ",[3868,75399,65004],{},[30,75401,33],{"id":32},[35,75403,75405],{"className":37,"code":75404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75406,75407,75435,75439,75460,75478,75495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75408,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75410,3741],{"class":50},[44,75412,55],{"class":54},[44,75414,3746],{"class":58},[44,75416,2448],{"class":95},[44,75418,83],{"class":58},[44,75420,96],{"class":95},[44,75422,83],{"class":58},[44,75424,7925],{"class":95},[44,75426,83],{"class":58},[44,75428,50774],{"class":95},[44,75430,83],{"class":58},[44,75432,5211],{"class":95},[44,75434,3759],{"class":58},[44,75436,75437],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75438,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,75440,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,75442,154],{"class":153},[44,75444,157],{"class":58},[44,75446,3773],{"class":111},[44,75448,4027],{"class":58},[44,75450,3108],{"class":95},[44,75452,72],{"class":58},[44,75454,2623],{"class":95},[44,75456,20518],{"class":58},[44,75458,75459],{"class":168},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75461,75462,75464,75466,75468,75471,75473,75475],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,75463,154],{"class":153},[44,75465,157],{"class":58},[44,75467,3773],{"class":111},[44,75469,75470],{"class":58},"[:",[44,75472,2179],{"class":95},[44,75474,20518],{"class":58},[44,75476,75477],{"class":168},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75479,75480,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,75481,154],{"class":153},[44,75483,157],{"class":58},[44,75485,3773],{"class":111},[44,75487,74057],{"class":58},[44,75489,2173],{"class":95},[44,75491,20518],{"class":58},[44,75493,75494],{"class":168},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75496,75497,75499,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,75498,154],{"class":153},[44,75500,157],{"class":58},[44,75502,3773],{"class":111},[44,75504,74057],{"class":58},[44,75506,2138],{"class":54},[44,75508,3108],{"class":95},[44,75510,20518],{"class":58},[44,75512,75513],{"class":168},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75515,172,75516,75519,75520,75522],{},[15,75517,75518],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75521,75361],{}," value is not included.",[30,75524,75526],{"id":75525},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75528,75529],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75531,75532],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75534,75536],{"className":37,"code":75535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75537,75538,75586,75590,75609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75539,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75541,36013],{"class":50},[44,75543,55],{"class":54},[44,75545,3746],{"class":58},[44,75547,63],{"class":62},[44,75549,395],{"class":66},[44,75551,63],{"class":62},[44,75553,83],{"class":58},[44,75555,75],{"class":62},[44,75557,1005],{"class":66},[44,75559,63],{"class":62},[44,75561,83],{"class":58},[44,75563,75],{"class":62},[44,75565,9855],{"class":66},[44,75567,63],{"class":62},[44,75569,83],{"class":58},[44,75571,75],{"class":62},[44,75573,18844],{"class":66},[44,75575,63],{"class":62},[44,75577,83],{"class":58},[44,75579,75],{"class":62},[44,75581,60381],{"class":66},[44,75583,63],{"class":62},[44,75585,3759],{"class":58},[44,75587,75588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75589,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,75591,75592,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,75593,75594],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75596,55],{"class":54},[44,75598,70031],{"class":50},[44,75600,4027],{"class":58},[44,75602,3108],{"class":95},[44,75604,72],{"class":58},[44,75606,2623],{"class":95},[44,75608,3759],{"class":58},[44,75610,75611,75613,75615,75618],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,75612,154],{"class":153},[44,75614,157],{"class":58},[44,75616,75617],{"class":111},"part",[44,75619,162],{"class":58},[20,75621,330],{},[35,75623,75625],{"className":37,"code":75624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75626,75627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75628,75629,75631,75633,75635,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75630,4027],{"class":58},[44,75632,343],{"class":62},[44,75634,1005],{"class":66},[44,75636,343],{"class":62},[44,75638,83],{"class":58},[44,75640,352],{"class":62},[44,75642,9855],{"class":66},[44,75644,343],{"class":62},[44,75646,83],{"class":58},[44,75648,352],{"class":62},[44,75650,18844],{"class":66},[44,75652,343],{"class":62},[44,75654,3759],{"class":58},[20,75656,13148],{},[192,75658,75659,75662,75665,75671,75677],{},[195,75660,75661],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[195,75663,75664],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[195,75666,75667,75668],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75669,75670],{},"list[start:stop]",[195,75672,75673,75674,75676],{},"The item at ",[15,75675,75361],{}," is not included",[195,75678,75679],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75681,75682,75683,108],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[395,75684,75685],{"href":50910},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75687,75689],{"id":75688},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75691,75692],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75694,75695],{"className":37,"code":75371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75696,75697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75698,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75700,8470],{"class":50},[44,75702,4027],{"class":58},[44,75704,35995],{"class":50},[44,75706,72],{"class":58},[44,75708,75361],{"class":50},[44,75710,72],{"class":58},[44,75712,75364],{"class":50},[44,75714,3759],{"class":58},[20,75716,64980],{},[192,75718,75719,75724,75729],{},[195,75720,75721,75723],{},[15,75722,35995],{}," is where slicing begins",[195,75725,75726,75728],{},[15,75727,75361],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[195,75730,75731,75733],{},[15,75732,75364],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75735,75736],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[192,75738,75739,75745,75750],{},[195,75740,75741,75742,75744],{},"Missing ",[15,75743,35995],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[195,75746,75741,75747,75749],{},[15,75748,75361],{}," means go to the end of the list",[195,75751,75741,75752,75754,75755],{},[15,75753,75364],{}," means use ",[15,75756,3108],{},[20,75758,223],{},[35,75760,75762],{"className":37,"code":75761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75763,75764,75792,75796,75817,75834,75852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75765,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75767,3741],{"class":50},[44,75769,55],{"class":54},[44,75771,3746],{"class":58},[44,75773,2448],{"class":95},[44,75775,83],{"class":58},[44,75777,96],{"class":95},[44,75779,83],{"class":58},[44,75781,7925],{"class":95},[44,75783,83],{"class":58},[44,75785,50774],{"class":95},[44,75787,83],{"class":58},[44,75789,5211],{"class":95},[44,75791,3759],{"class":58},[44,75793,75794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75795,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,75799,154],{"class":153},[44,75801,157],{"class":58},[44,75803,3773],{"class":111},[44,75805,4027],{"class":58},[44,75807,3108],{"class":95},[44,75809,72],{"class":58},[44,75811,2623],{"class":95},[44,75813,20518],{"class":58},[44,75815,75816],{"class":168},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75818,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,75820,154],{"class":153},[44,75822,157],{"class":58},[44,75824,3773],{"class":111},[44,75826,75470],{"class":58},[44,75828,2179],{"class":95},[44,75830,20518],{"class":58},[44,75832,75833],{"class":168},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75849],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,75837,154],{"class":153},[44,75839,157],{"class":58},[44,75841,3773],{"class":111},[44,75843,4027],{"class":58},[44,75845,2173],{"class":95},[44,75847,75848],{"class":58},":])",[44,75850,75851],{"class":168},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75853,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,75855,154],{"class":153},[44,75857,157],{"class":58},[44,75859,3773],{"class":111},[44,75861,74057],{"class":58},[44,75863,3108],{"class":95},[44,75865,20518],{"class":58},[44,75867,75868],{"class":168},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75870,330],{},[35,75872,75874],{"className":37,"code":75873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75875,75876,75892,75908,75924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75877,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75879,4027],{"class":58},[44,75881,15839],{"class":95},[44,75883,83],{"class":58},[44,75885,7925],{"class":95},[44,75887,83],{"class":58},[44,75889,50774],{"class":95},[44,75891,3759],{"class":58},[44,75893,75894,75896,75898,75900,75902,75904,75906],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,75895,4027],{"class":58},[44,75897,2448],{"class":95},[44,75899,83],{"class":58},[44,75901,96],{"class":95},[44,75903,83],{"class":58},[44,75905,7925],{"class":95},[44,75907,3759],{"class":58},[44,75909,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,75911,4027],{"class":58},[44,75913,36765],{"class":95},[44,75915,83],{"class":58},[44,75917,50774],{"class":95},[44,75919,83],{"class":58},[44,75921,5211],{"class":95},[44,75923,3759],{"class":58},[44,75925,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,75927,4027],{"class":58},[44,75929,2448],{"class":95},[44,75931,83],{"class":58},[44,75933,96],{"class":95},[44,75935,83],{"class":58},[44,75937,7925],{"class":95},[44,75939,83],{"class":58},[44,75941,50774],{"class":95},[44,75943,83],{"class":58},[44,75945,5211],{"class":95},[44,75947,3759],{"class":58},[30,75949,75951],{"id":75950},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75953,75954],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[192,75956,75957,75966,75975,75986,75992],{},[195,75958,75959,75962,75963,6095],{},[15,75960,75961],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75964,75965],{},"n",[195,75967,75968,75971,75972,75974],{},[15,75969,75970],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75973,75965],{}," to the end",[195,75976,75977,75980,75981,75983,75984],{},[15,75978,75979],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75982,395],{}," up to ",[15,75985,1005],{},[195,75987,75988,75991],{},[15,75989,75990],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[195,75993,75994,75997],{},[15,75995,75996],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75999,223],{},[35,76001,76003],{"className":37,"code":76002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76004,76005,76038,76042,76059,76076,76097,76114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76006,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76008,3741],{"class":50},[44,76010,55],{"class":54},[44,76012,3746],{"class":58},[44,76014,2448],{"class":95},[44,76016,83],{"class":58},[44,76018,96],{"class":95},[44,76020,83],{"class":58},[44,76022,7925],{"class":95},[44,76024,83],{"class":58},[44,76026,50774],{"class":95},[44,76028,83],{"class":58},[44,76030,5211],{"class":95},[44,76032,83],{"class":58},[44,76034,76035],{"class":95}," 60",[44,76037,3759],{"class":58},[44,76039,76040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76041,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,76043,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76045,154],{"class":153},[44,76047,157],{"class":58},[44,76049,3773],{"class":111},[44,76051,75470],{"class":58},[44,76053,2179],{"class":95},[44,76055,20518],{"class":58},[44,76057,76058],{"class":168},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,76060,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,76062,154],{"class":153},[44,76064,157],{"class":58},[44,76066,3773],{"class":111},[44,76068,4027],{"class":58},[44,76070,2179],{"class":95},[44,76072,75848],{"class":58},[44,76074,76075],{"class":168},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,76079,154],{"class":153},[44,76081,157],{"class":58},[44,76083,3773],{"class":111},[44,76085,4027],{"class":58},[44,76087,3108],{"class":95},[44,76089,72],{"class":58},[44,76091,2254],{"class":95},[44,76093,20518],{"class":58},[44,76095,76096],{"class":168},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,76098,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,76100,154],{"class":153},[44,76102,157],{"class":58},[44,76104,3773],{"class":111},[44,76106,74057],{"class":58},[44,76108,2173],{"class":95},[44,76110,20518],{"class":58},[44,76112,76113],{"class":168},"   # every second item\n",[44,76115,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,76117,154],{"class":153},[44,76119,157],{"class":58},[44,76121,3773],{"class":111},[44,76123,74057],{"class":58},[44,76125,2138],{"class":54},[44,76127,3108],{"class":95},[44,76129,20518],{"class":58},[44,76131,76132],{"class":168},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76134,330],{},[35,76136,76138],{"className":37,"code":76137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76139,76140,76156,76172,76192,76208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76141,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150,76152,76154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76143,4027],{"class":58},[44,76145,2448],{"class":95},[44,76147,83],{"class":58},[44,76149,96],{"class":95},[44,76151,83],{"class":58},[44,76153,7925],{"class":95},[44,76155,3759],{"class":58},[44,76157,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76159,4027],{"class":58},[44,76161,56625],{"class":95},[44,76163,83],{"class":58},[44,76165,5211],{"class":95},[44,76167,83],{"class":58},[44,76169,76035],{"class":95},[44,76171,3759],{"class":58},[44,76173,76174,76176,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76175,4027],{"class":58},[44,76177,15839],{"class":95},[44,76179,83],{"class":58},[44,76181,7925],{"class":95},[44,76183,83],{"class":58},[44,76185,50774],{"class":95},[44,76187,83],{"class":58},[44,76189,5211],{"class":95},[44,76191,3759],{"class":58},[44,76193,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,76195,4027],{"class":58},[44,76197,2448],{"class":95},[44,76199,83],{"class":58},[44,76201,7925],{"class":95},[44,76203,83],{"class":58},[44,76205,5211],{"class":95},[44,76207,3759],{"class":58},[44,76209,76210,76212,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,76211,4027],{"class":58},[44,76213,76214],{"class":95},"60",[44,76216,83],{"class":58},[44,76218,5211],{"class":95},[44,76220,83],{"class":58},[44,76222,50774],{"class":95},[44,76224,83],{"class":58},[44,76226,7925],{"class":95},[44,76228,83],{"class":58},[44,76230,96],{"class":95},[44,76232,83],{"class":58},[44,76234,528],{"class":95},[44,76236,3759],{"class":58},[20,76238,76239,76240,108],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[395,76241,14974],{"href":57152},[30,76243,76245],{"id":76244},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76247,76248],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76250,5602],{},[192,76252,76253,76259],{},[195,76254,76255,76258],{},[15,76256,76257],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[195,76260,76261,76264],{},[15,76262,76263],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76266,76267],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,76269,76271],{"className":37,"code":76270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76272,76273,76321,76325,76344,76363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76274,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76276,36013],{"class":50},[44,76278,55],{"class":54},[44,76280,3746],{"class":58},[44,76282,63],{"class":62},[44,76284,395],{"class":66},[44,76286,63],{"class":62},[44,76288,83],{"class":58},[44,76290,75],{"class":62},[44,76292,1005],{"class":66},[44,76294,63],{"class":62},[44,76296,83],{"class":58},[44,76298,75],{"class":62},[44,76300,9855],{"class":66},[44,76302,63],{"class":62},[44,76304,83],{"class":58},[44,76306,75],{"class":62},[44,76308,18844],{"class":66},[44,76310,63],{"class":62},[44,76312,83],{"class":58},[44,76314,75],{"class":62},[44,76316,60381],{"class":66},[44,76318,63],{"class":62},[44,76320,3759],{"class":58},[44,76322,76323],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76324,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,76326,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76328,154],{"class":153},[44,76330,157],{"class":58},[44,76332,36066],{"class":111},[44,76334,4027],{"class":58},[44,76336,2138],{"class":54},[44,76338,3108],{"class":95},[44,76340,20518],{"class":58},[44,76342,76343],{"class":168},"    # last item\n",[44,76345,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,76347,154],{"class":153},[44,76349,157],{"class":58},[44,76351,36066],{"class":111},[44,76353,4027],{"class":58},[44,76355,2138],{"class":54},[44,76357,2179],{"class":95},[44,76359,75848],{"class":58},[44,76361,76362],{"class":168},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76364,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,76366,154],{"class":153},[44,76368,157],{"class":58},[44,76370,36066],{"class":111},[44,76372,75470],{"class":58},[44,76374,2138],{"class":54},[44,76376,3108],{"class":95},[44,76378,20518],{"class":58},[44,76380,76381],{"class":168},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76383,330],{},[35,76385,76387],{"className":37,"code":76386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76388,76389,76394,76422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76390,76391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76392,76393],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76395,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76397,4027],{"class":58},[44,76399,343],{"class":62},[44,76401,9855],{"class":66},[44,76403,343],{"class":62},[44,76405,83],{"class":58},[44,76407,352],{"class":62},[44,76409,18844],{"class":66},[44,76411,343],{"class":62},[44,76413,83],{"class":58},[44,76415,352],{"class":62},[44,76417,60381],{"class":66},[44,76419,343],{"class":62},[44,76421,3759],{"class":58},[44,76423,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444,76446,76448,76450,76452,76454,76456],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76425,4027],{"class":58},[44,76427,343],{"class":62},[44,76429,395],{"class":66},[44,76431,343],{"class":62},[44,76433,83],{"class":58},[44,76435,352],{"class":62},[44,76437,1005],{"class":66},[44,76439,343],{"class":62},[44,76441,83],{"class":58},[44,76443,352],{"class":62},[44,76445,9855],{"class":66},[44,76447,343],{"class":62},[44,76449,83],{"class":58},[44,76451,352],{"class":62},[44,76453,18844],{"class":66},[44,76455,343],{"class":62},[44,76457,3759],{"class":58},[20,76459,13148],{},[192,76461,76462,76465,76469,76475,76481],{},[195,76463,76464],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[195,76466,76467,76258],{},[15,76468,76257],{},[195,76470,76471,76474],{},[15,76472,76473],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[195,76476,76477,76480],{},[15,76478,76479],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[195,76482,76483,76484,4523,76486],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76485,35995],{},[15,76487,75361],{},[30,76489,76491],{"id":76490},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76493,22,76494,76496],{},[15,76495,75364],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[192,76498,76499,76502,76505,76510,76520],{},[195,76500,76501],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[195,76503,76504],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[195,76506,76507,76509],{},[15,76508,75996],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[195,76511,9005,76512,76514,76515,76517,76518],{},[15,76513,75364],{}," is negative, ",[15,76516,35995],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76519,75361],{},[195,76521,76522,76524,76525],{},[15,76523,75364],{}," cannot be ",[15,76526,2237],{},[20,76528,76529],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76531,76533],{"className":37,"code":76532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76534,76535,76567,76571,76588,76610,76629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76536,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76538,3741],{"class":50},[44,76540,55],{"class":54},[44,76542,3746],{"class":58},[44,76544,2448],{"class":95},[44,76546,83],{"class":58},[44,76548,96],{"class":95},[44,76550,83],{"class":58},[44,76552,7925],{"class":95},[44,76554,83],{"class":58},[44,76556,50774],{"class":95},[44,76558,83],{"class":58},[44,76560,5211],{"class":95},[44,76562,83],{"class":58},[44,76564,76035],{"class":95},[44,76566,3759],{"class":58},[44,76568,76569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76570,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,76572,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76574,154],{"class":153},[44,76576,157],{"class":58},[44,76578,3773],{"class":111},[44,76580,74057],{"class":58},[44,76582,2173],{"class":95},[44,76584,20518],{"class":58},[44,76586,76587],{"class":168},"     # every second item\n",[44,76589,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76603,76605,76607],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,76591,154],{"class":153},[44,76593,157],{"class":58},[44,76595,3773],{"class":111},[44,76597,4027],{"class":58},[44,76599,3108],{"class":95},[44,76601,76602],{"class":58},"::",[44,76604,2173],{"class":95},[44,76606,20518],{"class":58},[44,76608,76609],{"class":168},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76611,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,76613,154],{"class":153},[44,76615,157],{"class":58},[44,76617,3773],{"class":111},[44,76619,74057],{"class":58},[44,76621,2138],{"class":54},[44,76623,3108],{"class":95},[44,76625,20518],{"class":58},[44,76627,76628],{"class":168},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76630,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,76632,154],{"class":153},[44,76634,157],{"class":58},[44,76636,3773],{"class":111},[44,76638,4027],{"class":58},[44,76640,2623],{"class":95},[44,76642,72],{"class":58},[44,76644,3108],{"class":95},[44,76646,72],{"class":58},[44,76648,2138],{"class":54},[44,76650,3108],{"class":95},[44,76652,20518],{"class":58},[44,76654,76655],{"class":168},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76657,330],{},[35,76659,76661],{"className":37,"code":76660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76662,76663,76679,76695,76723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76664,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76666,4027],{"class":58},[44,76668,2448],{"class":95},[44,76670,83],{"class":58},[44,76672,7925],{"class":95},[44,76674,83],{"class":58},[44,76676,5211],{"class":95},[44,76678,3759],{"class":58},[44,76680,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76682,4027],{"class":58},[44,76684,15839],{"class":95},[44,76686,83],{"class":58},[44,76688,50774],{"class":95},[44,76690,83],{"class":58},[44,76692,76035],{"class":95},[44,76694,3759],{"class":58},[44,76696,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76698,4027],{"class":58},[44,76700,76214],{"class":95},[44,76702,83],{"class":58},[44,76704,5211],{"class":95},[44,76706,83],{"class":58},[44,76708,50774],{"class":95},[44,76710,83],{"class":58},[44,76712,7925],{"class":95},[44,76714,83],{"class":58},[44,76716,96],{"class":95},[44,76718,83],{"class":58},[44,76720,528],{"class":95},[44,76722,3759],{"class":58},[44,76724,76725,76727,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,76726,4027],{"class":58},[44,76728,76729],{"class":95},"50",[44,76731,83],{"class":58},[44,76733,50774],{"class":95},[44,76735,83],{"class":58},[44,76737,7925],{"class":95},[44,76739,3759],{"class":58},[20,76741,76742,76743,108],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[395,76744,76745],{"href":74741},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1960,76747,76749],{"id":76748},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76751,2955],{},[35,76753,76755],{"className":37,"code":76754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76756,76757,76777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76758,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76760,3741],{"class":50},[44,76762,55],{"class":54},[44,76764,3746],{"class":58},[44,76766,3108],{"class":95},[44,76768,83],{"class":58},[44,76770,1012],{"class":95},[44,76772,83],{"class":58},[44,76774,1017],{"class":95},[44,76776,3759],{"class":58},[44,76778,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76780,154],{"class":153},[44,76782,157],{"class":58},[44,76784,3773],{"class":111},[44,76786,74057],{"class":58},[44,76788,2237],{"class":95},[44,76790,4015],{"class":58},[20,76792,76793,76794,76796,76797,76799],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76795,40630],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76798,2237],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76801,76803],{"id":76802},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76805,76806],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1960,76808,76810],{"id":76809},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76812,76814],{"className":37,"code":76813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76815,76816,76840,76844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76817,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76819,3741],{"class":50},[44,76821,55],{"class":54},[44,76823,3746],{"class":58},[44,76825,2448],{"class":95},[44,76827,83],{"class":58},[44,76829,96],{"class":95},[44,76831,83],{"class":58},[44,76833,7925],{"class":95},[44,76835,83],{"class":58},[44,76837,50774],{"class":95},[44,76839,3759],{"class":58},[44,76841,76842],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76843,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,76845,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76847,154],{"class":153},[44,76849,157],{"class":58},[44,76851,3773],{"class":111},[44,76853,4027],{"class":58},[44,76855,2173],{"class":95},[44,76857,4015],{"class":58},[20,76859,330],{},[35,76861,76862],{"className":37,"code":69775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76863,76864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76865,76866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76867,69775],{"class":95},[1960,76869,76871],{"id":76870},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76873,76875],{"className":37,"code":76874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76876,76877,76901,76905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76878,76879,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76880,3741],{"class":50},[44,76882,55],{"class":54},[44,76884,3746],{"class":58},[44,76886,2448],{"class":95},[44,76888,83],{"class":58},[44,76890,96],{"class":95},[44,76892,83],{"class":58},[44,76894,7925],{"class":95},[44,76896,83],{"class":58},[44,76898,50774],{"class":95},[44,76900,3759],{"class":58},[44,76902,76903],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76904,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,76906,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917,76919,76921],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76908,154],{"class":153},[44,76910,157],{"class":58},[44,76912,3773],{"class":111},[44,76914,4027],{"class":58},[44,76916,2173],{"class":95},[44,76918,72],{"class":58},[44,76920,2179],{"class":95},[44,76922,4015],{"class":58},[20,76924,330],{},[35,76926,76928],{"className":37,"code":76927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76929,76930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76931,76932,76934,76936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76933,4027],{"class":58},[44,76935,36765],{"class":95},[44,76937,3759],{"class":58},[20,76939,13855],{},[192,76941,76942,76948],{},[195,76943,76944,76947],{},[15,76945,76946],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[195,76949,76950,76953],{},[15,76951,76952],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76955,76956],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[192,76958,76959,76962],{},[195,76960,76961],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[195,76963,76964],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76966,223],{},[35,76968,76970],{"className":37,"code":76969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76971,76972,76992,76996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76973,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76975,3741],{"class":50},[44,76977,55],{"class":54},[44,76979,3746],{"class":58},[44,76981,2448],{"class":95},[44,76983,83],{"class":58},[44,76985,96],{"class":95},[44,76987,83],{"class":58},[44,76989,7925],{"class":95},[44,76991,3759],{"class":58},[44,76993,76994],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,76995,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,76997,76998,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010,77012],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,76999,154],{"class":153},[44,77001,157],{"class":58},[44,77003,3773],{"class":111},[44,77005,4027],{"class":58},[44,77007,2254],{"class":95},[44,77009,72],{"class":58},[44,77011,2448],{"class":95},[44,77013,4015],{"class":58},[20,77015,330],{},[35,77017,77018],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77019,77020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77021,77022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77023,38222],{"class":58},[20,77025,77026],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,77028,77030],{"className":37,"code":77029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77031,77032,77052,77056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77033,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77035,3741],{"class":50},[44,77037,55],{"class":54},[44,77039,3746],{"class":58},[44,77041,2448],{"class":95},[44,77043,83],{"class":58},[44,77045,96],{"class":95},[44,77047,83],{"class":58},[44,77049,7925],{"class":95},[44,77051,3759],{"class":58},[44,77053,77054],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77055,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,77057,77058,77060,77062,77064,77066,77068],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,77059,154],{"class":153},[44,77061,157],{"class":58},[44,77063,3773],{"class":111},[44,77065,4027],{"class":58},[44,77067,2254],{"class":95},[44,77069,4015],{"class":58},[20,77071,77072,77073,108],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[395,77074,69194],{"href":69193},[30,77076,15262],{"id":77077},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77079,77080],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[192,77082,77083,77087,77089,77092,77098],{},[195,77084,4836,77085,75676],{},[15,77086,75361],{},[195,77088,60626],{},[195,77090,77091],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[195,77093,37128,77094,8835,77096],{},[15,77095,75996],{},[15,77097,73461],{},[195,77099,77100,77101,77103],{},"Using step ",[15,77102,2237],{},", which causes an error",[1960,77105,77107],{"id":77106},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,77109,77111],{"className":37,"code":77110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77112,77113,77141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77114,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77116,3741],{"class":50},[44,77118,55],{"class":54},[44,77120,3746],{"class":58},[44,77122,2448],{"class":95},[44,77124,83],{"class":58},[44,77126,96],{"class":95},[44,77128,83],{"class":58},[44,77130,7925],{"class":95},[44,77132,83],{"class":58},[44,77134,50774],{"class":95},[44,77136,83],{"class":58},[44,77138,5211],{"class":95},[44,77140,3759],{"class":58},[44,77142,77143,77145,77147,77149,77151,77153,77155,77157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77144,154],{"class":153},[44,77146,157],{"class":58},[44,77148,3773],{"class":111},[44,77150,4027],{"class":58},[44,77152,3108],{"class":95},[44,77154,72],{"class":58},[44,77156,2623],{"class":95},[44,77158,4015],{"class":58},[20,77160,77161],{},"This returns:",[35,77163,77165],{"className":37,"code":77164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77166,77167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77168,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77170,4027],{"class":58},[44,77172,15839],{"class":95},[44,77174,83],{"class":58},[44,77176,7925],{"class":95},[44,77178,83],{"class":58},[44,77180,50774],{"class":95},[44,77182,3759],{"class":58},[20,77184,40832,77185,77187,77188,77190,77191,108],{},[3868,77186,4762],{}," include ",[15,77189,76729],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77192,2623],{},[1960,77194,77196],{"id":77195},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77198,16725],{},[35,77200,77202],{"className":37,"code":77201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77203,77204,77224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77205,77206,77208,77210,77212,77214,77216,77218,77220,77222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77207,3741],{"class":50},[44,77209,55],{"class":54},[44,77211,3746],{"class":58},[44,77213,2448],{"class":95},[44,77215,83],{"class":58},[44,77217,96],{"class":95},[44,77219,83],{"class":58},[44,77221,7925],{"class":95},[44,77223,3759],{"class":58},[44,77225,77226],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77227,77228],{"class":168},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77230,77231],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,77233,77235],{"className":37,"code":77234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77236,77237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77238,77239,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77240,154],{"class":153},[44,77242,157],{"class":58},[44,77244,3773],{"class":111},[44,77246,4027],{"class":58},[44,77248,3108],{"class":95},[44,77250,72],{"class":58},[44,77252,2179],{"class":95},[44,77254,4015],{"class":58},[1960,77256,77258],{"id":77257},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77260,77261],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,77263,77265],{"className":37,"code":77264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77266,77267,77291,77305,77309,77319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77268,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77270,3741],{"class":50},[44,77272,55],{"class":54},[44,77274,3746],{"class":58},[44,77276,2448],{"class":95},[44,77278,83],{"class":58},[44,77280,96],{"class":95},[44,77282,83],{"class":58},[44,77284,7925],{"class":95},[44,77286,83],{"class":58},[44,77288,50774],{"class":95},[44,77290,3759],{"class":58},[44,77292,77293,77295,77297,77299,77301,77303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77294,75594],{"class":50},[44,77296,55],{"class":54},[44,77298,4392],{"class":50},[44,77300,75470],{"class":58},[44,77302,2173],{"class":95},[44,77304,3759],{"class":58},[44,77306,77307],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,77308,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,77310,77311,77313,77315,77317],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,77312,154],{"class":153},[44,77314,157],{"class":58},[44,77316,75617],{"class":111},[44,77318,162],{"class":58},[44,77320,77321,77323,77325,77327],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,77322,154],{"class":153},[44,77324,157],{"class":58},[44,77326,3773],{"class":111},[44,77328,162],{"class":58},[20,77330,330],{},[35,77332,77334],{"className":37,"code":77333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77335,77336,77348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77337,77338,77340,77342,77344,77346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77339,4027],{"class":58},[44,77341,2448],{"class":95},[44,77343,83],{"class":58},[44,77345,96],{"class":95},[44,77347,3759],{"class":58},[44,77349,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360,77362,77364,77366],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77351,4027],{"class":58},[44,77353,2448],{"class":95},[44,77355,83],{"class":58},[44,77357,96],{"class":95},[44,77359,83],{"class":58},[44,77361,7925],{"class":95},[44,77363,83],{"class":58},[44,77365,50774],{"class":95},[44,77367,3759],{"class":58},[20,77369,77370],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1960,77372,77374,77375,8835,77377],{"id":77373},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77376,75996],{},[15,77378,73461],{},[35,77380,77382],{"className":37,"code":77381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77383,77384,77404,77408,77425,77436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77385,77386,77388,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77387,3741],{"class":50},[44,77389,55],{"class":54},[44,77391,3746],{"class":58},[44,77393,2448],{"class":95},[44,77395,83],{"class":58},[44,77397,96],{"class":95},[44,77399,83],{"class":58},[44,77401,7925],{"class":95},[44,77403,3759],{"class":58},[44,77405,77406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77407,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,77409,77410,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,77411,77412],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77414,55],{"class":54},[44,77416,4392],{"class":50},[44,77418,74057],{"class":58},[44,77420,2138],{"class":54},[44,77422,3108],{"class":95},[44,77424,3759],{"class":58},[44,77426,77427,77429,77431,77434],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,77428,154],{"class":153},[44,77430,157],{"class":58},[44,77432,77433],{"class":111},"reversed_copy",[44,77435,162],{"class":58},[44,77437,77438,77440,77442,77444],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,77439,154],{"class":153},[44,77441,157],{"class":58},[44,77443,3773],{"class":111},[44,77445,162],{"class":58},[20,77447,330],{},[35,77449,77451],{"className":37,"code":77450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77452,77453,77469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77454,77455,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77456,4027],{"class":58},[44,77458,36765],{"class":95},[44,77460,83],{"class":58},[44,77462,96],{"class":95},[44,77464,83],{"class":58},[44,77466,528],{"class":95},[44,77468,3759],{"class":58},[44,77470,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77472,4027],{"class":58},[44,77474,2448],{"class":95},[44,77476,83],{"class":58},[44,77478,96],{"class":95},[44,77480,83],{"class":58},[44,77482,7925],{"class":95},[44,77484,3759],{"class":58},[20,77486,77487,77490],{},[15,77488,77489],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77492,77493,77494,77497],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77495,77496],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1960,77499,77501],{"id":77500},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77503,77504],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77506,77508],{"className":37,"code":77507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77509,77510,77530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77511,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526,77528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77513,3741],{"class":50},[44,77515,55],{"class":54},[44,77517,3746],{"class":58},[44,77519,2448],{"class":95},[44,77521,83],{"class":58},[44,77523,96],{"class":95},[44,77525,83],{"class":58},[44,77527,7925],{"class":95},[44,77529,3759],{"class":58},[44,77531,77532],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77533,77534],{"class":168},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77536,77537,77538,108],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77539,40630],{},[30,77541,77543],{"id":77542},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77545,77546],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[192,77548,77549,77556,77562,77565,77568],{},[195,77550,37128,77551,4523,77553,77555],{},[15,77552,35995],{},[15,77554,75361],{}," positions",[195,77557,77558,77559,77561],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77560,75361],{}," index is included",[195,77563,77564],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[195,77566,77567],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[195,77569,77570],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77572,77573],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77575,77577],{"className":37,"code":77576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77578,77579,77589,77603,77621,77635,77652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77580,77581,77583,77585,77587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77582,154],{"class":153},[44,77584,157],{"class":58},[44,77586,8470],{"class":111},[44,77588,162],{"class":58},[44,77590,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77592,154],{"class":153},[44,77594,157],{"class":58},[44,77596,11271],{"class":153},[44,77598,157],{"class":58},[44,77600,8470],{"class":111},[44,77602,1869],{"class":58},[44,77604,77605,77607,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,77606,154],{"class":153},[44,77608,157],{"class":58},[44,77610,8470],{"class":111},[44,77612,4027],{"class":58},[44,77614,3108],{"class":95},[44,77616,72],{"class":58},[44,77618,2623],{"class":95},[44,77620,4015],{"class":58},[44,77622,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,77624,154],{"class":153},[44,77626,157],{"class":58},[44,77628,8470],{"class":111},[44,77630,75470],{"class":58},[44,77632,2179],{"class":95},[44,77634,4015],{"class":58},[44,77636,77637,77639,77641,77643,77645,77647,77649],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,77638,154],{"class":153},[44,77640,157],{"class":58},[44,77642,8470],{"class":111},[44,77644,4027],{"class":58},[44,77646,2138],{"class":54},[44,77648,2179],{"class":95},[44,77650,77651],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,77653,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,77655,154],{"class":153},[44,77657,157],{"class":58},[44,77659,8470],{"class":111},[44,77661,74057],{"class":58},[44,77663,2138],{"class":54},[44,77665,3108],{"class":95},[44,77667,4015],{"class":58},[20,77669,567,77670,77672,77673,77677],{},[15,77671,42288],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[395,77674,77676],{"href":77675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77679,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,77681,77683],{"id":77682},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77685,77686],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1960,77688,77690],{"id":77689},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77692,77693],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1960,77695,5273,77697,39886],{"id":77696},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77698,75996],{},[20,77700,77701],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1960,77703,77705,77706,2610],{"id":77704},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77707,70666],{},[20,77709,77710],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77712,2020],{"id":2019},[192,77714,77715,77720,77725,77729,77733,77737],{},[195,77716,77717],{},[395,77718,77719],{"href":50910},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[195,77721,77722],{},[395,77723,77724],{"href":57086},"How to create a list in Python",[195,77726,77727],{},[395,77728,15050],{"href":57152},[195,77730,77731],{},[395,77732,74742],{"href":74741},[195,77734,77735],{},[395,77736,77676],{"href":77675},[195,77738,77739],{},[395,77740,69194],{"href":69193},[20,77742,77743,77744,77746],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77745,42288],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2048,77748,77749],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":77751},[77752,77753,77754,77755,77756,77757,77760,77764,77772,77773,77781],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":75525,"depth":102,"text":75526},{"id":75688,"depth":102,"text":75689},{"id":75950,"depth":102,"text":75951},{"id":76244,"depth":102,"text":76245},{"id":76490,"depth":102,"text":76491,"children":77758},[77759],{"id":76748,"depth":150,"text":76749},{"id":76802,"depth":102,"text":76803,"children":77761},[77762,77763],{"id":76809,"depth":150,"text":76810},{"id":76870,"depth":150,"text":76871},{"id":77077,"depth":102,"text":15262,"children":77765},[77766,77767,77768,77769,77771],{"id":77106,"depth":150,"text":77107},{"id":77195,"depth":150,"text":77196},{"id":77257,"depth":150,"text":77258},{"id":77373,"depth":150,"text":77770},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77500,"depth":150,"text":77501},{"id":77542,"depth":102,"text":77543},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":77774},[77775,77776,77777,77779],{"id":77682,"depth":150,"text":77683},{"id":77689,"depth":150,"text":77690},{"id":77696,"depth":150,"text":77778},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77704,"depth":150,"text":77780},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75348,"description":77782},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77789,"title":77790,"body":77791,"description":79860,"extension":2080,"meta":79861,"navigation":682,"path":79862,"seo":79863,"stem":79864,"__hash__":79865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77792,"toc":79826},[77793,77798,77804,77810,77812,77859,77866,77871,77875,77890,77893,77946,77948,77973,77978,77980,78012,78015,78031,78033,78094,78096,78121,78125,78130,78183,78185,78210,78215,78276,78278,78303,78306,78313,78317,78320,78381,78383,78416,78419,78480,78482,78515,78521,78594,78596,78628,78635,78640,78645,78647,78659,78662,78740,78742,78783,78786,78860,78862,78895,78900,78907,78914,78918,78927,78931,78939,78941,79008,79010,79046,79051,79062,79064,79069,79074,79076,79139,79141,79166,79173,79178,79182,79185,79225,79230,79236,79241,79243,79270,79275,79278,79325,79327,79384,79391,79396,79402,79471,79475,79478,79541,79543,79576,79581,79583,79586,79667,79669,79693,79699,79701,79706,79710,79717,79725,79729,79731,79754,79758,79760,79787,79790,79797,79800,79802,79823],[10,77794,54274,77796,18],{"id":77795},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77797,64246],{},[20,77799,77800,77803],{},[15,77801,77802],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77805,77806,77807,77809],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77808,64246],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,77811,33],{"id":32},[35,77813,77815],{"className":37,"code":77814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77816,77817,77837,77847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77818,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77820,3741],{"class":50},[44,77822,55],{"class":54},[44,77824,3746],{"class":58},[44,77826,2179],{"class":95},[44,77828,83],{"class":58},[44,77830,504],{"class":95},[44,77832,83],{"class":58},[44,77834,1012],{"class":95},[44,77836,3759],{"class":58},[44,77838,77839,77841,77843,77845],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77840,3773],{"class":50},[44,77842,108],{"class":58},[44,77844,34720],{"class":111},[44,77846,1635],{"class":58},[44,77848,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,77850,154],{"class":153},[44,77852,157],{"class":58},[44,77854,3773],{"class":111},[44,77856,3786],{"class":58},[44,77858,54864],{"class":168},[20,77860,172,77861,77863,77864,108],{},[15,77862,77802],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77865,217],{},[30,77867,179,77869,182],{"id":77868},"what-listsort-does",[15,77870,77802],{},[20,77872,77873,72],{},[15,77874,77802],{},[192,77876,77877,77880,77883,77887],{},[195,77878,77879],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[195,77881,77882],{},"Changes the original list",[195,77884,11530,77885],{},[15,77886,217],{},[195,77888,77889],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77891,77892],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77894,77896],{"className":37,"code":77895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77897,77898,77922,77932,77936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77899,77900,77902,77904,77906,77908,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77901,3741],{"class":50},[44,77903,55],{"class":54},[44,77905,3746],{"class":58},[44,77907,2254],{"class":95},[44,77909,83],{"class":58},[44,77911,1012],{"class":95},[44,77913,83],{"class":58},[44,77915,54068],{"class":95},[44,77917,83],{"class":58},[44,77919,504],{"class":95},[44,77921,3759],{"class":58},[44,77923,77924,77926,77928,77930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,77925,3773],{"class":50},[44,77927,108],{"class":58},[44,77929,34720],{"class":111},[44,77931,1635],{"class":58},[44,77933,77934],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,77935,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,77937,77938,77940,77942,77944],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,77939,154],{"class":153},[44,77941,157],{"class":58},[44,77943,3773],{"class":111},[44,77945,162],{"class":58},[20,77947,330],{},[35,77949,77951],{"className":37,"code":77950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77952,77953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77954,77955,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77956,4027],{"class":58},[44,77958,3108],{"class":95},[44,77960,83],{"class":58},[44,77962,1012],{"class":95},[44,77964,83],{"class":58},[44,77966,4736],{"class":95},[44,77968,83],{"class":58},[44,77970,54068],{"class":95},[44,77972,3759],{"class":58},[20,77974,77975,77976,108],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[395,77977,67012],{"href":50910},[30,77979,402],{"id":401},[35,77981,77983],{"className":37,"code":77982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77984,77985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77986,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995,77997,77999,78001,78003,78006,78008,78010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77988,8470],{"class":50},[44,77990,108],{"class":58},[44,77992,34720],{"class":111},[44,77994,157],{"class":58},[44,77996,1904],{"class":463},[44,77998,55],{"class":54},[44,78000,217],{"class":1400},[44,78002,83],{"class":58},[44,78004,78005],{"class":463}," reverse",[44,78007,55],{"class":54},[44,78009,3799],{"class":1400},[44,78011,162],{"class":58},[20,78013,78014],{},"Main arguments:",[192,78016,78017,78022,78028],{},[195,78018,78019,78021],{},[15,78020,1904],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[195,78023,78024,78027],{},[15,78025,78026],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[195,78029,78030],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78032,223],{},[35,78034,78036],{"className":37,"code":78035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78037,78038,78062,78080,78084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78039,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78041,3741],{"class":50},[44,78043,55],{"class":54},[44,78045,3746],{"class":58},[44,78047,2623],{"class":95},[44,78049,83],{"class":58},[44,78051,504],{"class":95},[44,78053,83],{"class":58},[44,78055,6123],{"class":95},[44,78057,83],{"class":58},[44,78059,1012],{"class":95},[44,78061,3759],{"class":58},[44,78063,78064,78066,78068,78070,78072,78074,78076,78078],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78065,3773],{"class":50},[44,78067,108],{"class":58},[44,78069,34720],{"class":111},[44,78071,157],{"class":58},[44,78073,73512],{"class":463},[44,78075,55],{"class":54},[44,78077,3726],{"class":1400},[44,78079,162],{"class":58},[44,78081,78082],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78083,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78085,78086,78088,78090,78092],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78087,154],{"class":153},[44,78089,157],{"class":58},[44,78091,3773],{"class":111},[44,78093,162],{"class":58},[20,78095,330],{},[35,78097,78099],{"className":37,"code":78098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78100,78101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78102,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78104,4027],{"class":58},[44,78106,2141],{"class":95},[44,78108,83],{"class":58},[44,78110,2574],{"class":95},[44,78112,83],{"class":58},[44,78114,1012],{"class":95},[44,78116,83],{"class":58},[44,78118,504],{"class":95},[44,78120,3759],{"class":58},[30,78122,78124],{"id":78123},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78126,172,78127,78129],{},[15,78128,64246],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,78131,78133],{"className":37,"code":78132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78134,78135,78159,78169,78173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78136,78137,78139,78141,78143,78145,78147,78149,78151,78153,78155,78157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78138,3741],{"class":50},[44,78140,55],{"class":54},[44,78142,3746],{"class":58},[44,78144,2448],{"class":95},[44,78146,83],{"class":58},[44,78148,1017],{"class":95},[44,78150,83],{"class":58},[44,78152,6489],{"class":95},[44,78154,83],{"class":58},[44,78156,504],{"class":95},[44,78158,3759],{"class":58},[44,78160,78161,78163,78165,78167],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78162,3773],{"class":50},[44,78164,108],{"class":58},[44,78166,34720],{"class":111},[44,78168,1635],{"class":58},[44,78170,78171],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78172,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78176,154],{"class":153},[44,78178,157],{"class":58},[44,78180,3773],{"class":111},[44,78182,162],{"class":58},[20,78184,330],{},[35,78186,78188],{"className":37,"code":78187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78189,78190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78191,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202,78204,78206,78208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78193,4027],{"class":58},[44,78195,3108],{"class":95},[44,78197,83],{"class":58},[44,78199,1017],{"class":95},[44,78201,83],{"class":58},[44,78203,6489],{"class":95},[44,78205,83],{"class":58},[44,78207,528],{"class":95},[44,78209,3759],{"class":58},[20,78211,172,78212,78214],{},[15,78213,78026],{}," for descending order:",[35,78216,78218],{"className":37,"code":78217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78219,78220,78244,78262,78266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78221,78222,78224,78226,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78223,3741],{"class":50},[44,78225,55],{"class":54},[44,78227,3746],{"class":58},[44,78229,2448],{"class":95},[44,78231,83],{"class":58},[44,78233,1017],{"class":95},[44,78235,83],{"class":58},[44,78237,6489],{"class":95},[44,78239,83],{"class":58},[44,78241,504],{"class":95},[44,78243,3759],{"class":58},[44,78245,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78247,3773],{"class":50},[44,78249,108],{"class":58},[44,78251,34720],{"class":111},[44,78253,157],{"class":58},[44,78255,73512],{"class":463},[44,78257,55],{"class":54},[44,78259,3726],{"class":1400},[44,78261,162],{"class":58},[44,78263,78264],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78265,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78267,78268,78270,78272,78274],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78269,154],{"class":153},[44,78271,157],{"class":58},[44,78273,3773],{"class":111},[44,78275,162],{"class":58},[20,78277,330],{},[35,78279,78281],{"className":37,"code":78280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78282,78283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78284,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78286,4027],{"class":58},[44,78288,2448],{"class":95},[44,78290,83],{"class":58},[44,78292,6489],{"class":95},[44,78294,83],{"class":58},[44,78296,1017],{"class":95},[44,78298,83],{"class":58},[44,78300,504],{"class":95},[44,78302,3759],{"class":58},[20,78304,78305],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78307,78308,78309,108],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[395,78310,78312],{"href":78311},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,78314,78316],{"id":78315},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78318,78319],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78321,78323],{"className":37,"code":78322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78324,78325,78357,78367,78371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78326,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78328,4198],{"class":50},[44,78330,55],{"class":54},[44,78332,3746],{"class":58},[44,78334,63],{"class":62},[44,78336,4216],{"class":66},[44,78338,63],{"class":62},[44,78340,83],{"class":58},[44,78342,75],{"class":62},[44,78344,4207],{"class":66},[44,78346,63],{"class":62},[44,78348,83],{"class":58},[44,78350,75],{"class":62},[44,78352,4225],{"class":66},[44,78354,63],{"class":62},[44,78356,3759],{"class":58},[44,78358,78359,78361,78363,78365],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78360,4242],{"class":50},[44,78362,108],{"class":58},[44,78364,34720],{"class":111},[44,78366,1635],{"class":58},[44,78368,78369],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78370,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78372,78373,78375,78377,78379],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78374,154],{"class":153},[44,78376,157],{"class":58},[44,78378,4242],{"class":111},[44,78380,162],{"class":58},[20,78382,330],{},[35,78384,78386],{"className":37,"code":78385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78387,78388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78389,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78391,4027],{"class":58},[44,78393,343],{"class":62},[44,78395,4207],{"class":66},[44,78397,343],{"class":62},[44,78399,83],{"class":58},[44,78401,352],{"class":62},[44,78403,4216],{"class":66},[44,78405,343],{"class":62},[44,78407,83],{"class":58},[44,78409,352],{"class":62},[44,78411,4225],{"class":66},[44,78413,343],{"class":62},[44,78415,3759],{"class":58},[20,78417,78418],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78420,78422],{"className":37,"code":78421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78423,78424,78456,78466,78470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78425,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78427,4198],{"class":50},[44,78429,55],{"class":54},[44,78431,3746],{"class":58},[44,78433,63],{"class":62},[44,78435,4216],{"class":66},[44,78437,63],{"class":62},[44,78439,83],{"class":58},[44,78441,75],{"class":62},[44,78443,57701],{"class":66},[44,78445,63],{"class":62},[44,78447,83],{"class":58},[44,78449,75],{"class":62},[44,78451,4225],{"class":66},[44,78453,63],{"class":62},[44,78455,3759],{"class":58},[44,78457,78458,78460,78462,78464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78459,4242],{"class":50},[44,78461,108],{"class":58},[44,78463,34720],{"class":111},[44,78465,1635],{"class":58},[44,78467,78468],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78469,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78471,78472,78474,78476,78478],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78473,154],{"class":153},[44,78475,157],{"class":58},[44,78477,4242],{"class":111},[44,78479,162],{"class":58},[20,78481,330],{},[35,78483,78485],{"className":37,"code":78484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78486,78487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78488,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78490,4027],{"class":58},[44,78492,343],{"class":62},[44,78494,57701],{"class":66},[44,78496,343],{"class":62},[44,78498,83],{"class":58},[44,78500,352],{"class":62},[44,78502,4216],{"class":66},[44,78504,343],{"class":62},[44,78506,83],{"class":58},[44,78508,352],{"class":62},[44,78510,4225],{"class":66},[44,78512,343],{"class":62},[44,78514,3759],{"class":58},[20,78516,78517,78518,72],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78519,78520],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78522,78524],{"className":37,"code":78523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78525,78526,78558,78580,78584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78529,4198],{"class":50},[44,78531,55],{"class":54},[44,78533,3746],{"class":58},[44,78535,63],{"class":62},[44,78537,4216],{"class":66},[44,78539,63],{"class":62},[44,78541,83],{"class":58},[44,78543,75],{"class":62},[44,78545,57701],{"class":66},[44,78547,63],{"class":62},[44,78549,83],{"class":58},[44,78551,75],{"class":62},[44,78553,4225],{"class":66},[44,78555,63],{"class":62},[44,78557,3759],{"class":58},[44,78559,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78561,4242],{"class":50},[44,78563,108],{"class":58},[44,78565,34720],{"class":111},[44,78567,157],{"class":58},[44,78569,1904],{"class":463},[44,78571,55],{"class":54},[44,78573,3564],{"class":1861},[44,78575,108],{"class":58},[44,78577,8771],{"class":1923},[44,78579,162],{"class":58},[44,78581,78582],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78583,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78585,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78587,154],{"class":153},[44,78589,157],{"class":58},[44,78591,4242],{"class":111},[44,78593,162],{"class":58},[20,78595,330],{},[35,78597,78598],{"className":37,"code":78484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78599,78600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78601,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78603,4027],{"class":58},[44,78605,343],{"class":62},[44,78607,57701],{"class":66},[44,78609,343],{"class":62},[44,78611,83],{"class":58},[44,78613,352],{"class":62},[44,78615,4216],{"class":66},[44,78617,343],{"class":62},[44,78619,83],{"class":58},[44,78621,352],{"class":62},[44,78623,4225],{"class":66},[44,78625,343],{"class":62},[44,78627,3759],{"class":58},[20,78629,78630,78631,78634],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78632,78633],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78636,36536,78638,36539],{"id":78637},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78639,1904],{},[20,78641,22,78642,78644],{},[15,78643,1904],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78646,7474],{},[192,78648,78649,78654],{},[195,78650,78651,78653],{},[15,78652,11271],{}," to sort by length",[195,78655,78656,78658],{},[15,78657,78633],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78660,78661],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78663,78665],{"className":37,"code":78664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78666,78667,78708,78726,78730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78668,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78670,4198],{"class":50},[44,78672,55],{"class":54},[44,78674,3746],{"class":58},[44,78676,63],{"class":62},[44,78678,78679],{"class":66},"pear",[44,78681,63],{"class":62},[44,78683,83],{"class":58},[44,78685,75],{"class":62},[44,78687,4216],{"class":66},[44,78689,63],{"class":62},[44,78691,83],{"class":58},[44,78693,75],{"class":62},[44,78695,38283],{"class":66},[44,78697,63],{"class":62},[44,78699,83],{"class":58},[44,78701,75],{"class":62},[44,78703,4207],{"class":66},[44,78705,63],{"class":62},[44,78707,3759],{"class":58},[44,78709,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78711,4242],{"class":50},[44,78713,108],{"class":58},[44,78715,34720],{"class":111},[44,78717,157],{"class":58},[44,78719,1904],{"class":463},[44,78721,55],{"class":54},[44,78723,11271],{"class":153},[44,78725,162],{"class":58},[44,78727,78728],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78729,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78731,78732,78734,78736,78738],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78733,154],{"class":153},[44,78735,157],{"class":58},[44,78737,4242],{"class":111},[44,78739,162],{"class":58},[20,78741,330],{},[35,78743,78745],{"className":37,"code":78744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78746,78747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78748,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773,78775,78777,78779,78781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78750,4027],{"class":58},[44,78752,343],{"class":62},[44,78754,38283],{"class":66},[44,78756,343],{"class":62},[44,78758,83],{"class":58},[44,78760,352],{"class":62},[44,78762,78679],{"class":66},[44,78764,343],{"class":62},[44,78766,83],{"class":58},[44,78768,352],{"class":62},[44,78770,4207],{"class":66},[44,78772,343],{"class":62},[44,78774,83],{"class":58},[44,78776,352],{"class":62},[44,78778,4216],{"class":66},[44,78780,343],{"class":62},[44,78782,3759],{"class":58},[20,78784,78785],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78787,78789],{"className":37,"code":78788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78790,78791,78824,78846,78850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78792,78793,78795,78797,78799,78801,78803,78805,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78820,78822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78794,4198],{"class":50},[44,78796,55],{"class":54},[44,78798,3746],{"class":58},[44,78800,63],{"class":62},[44,78802,5144],{"class":66},[44,78804,63],{"class":62},[44,78806,83],{"class":58},[44,78808,75],{"class":62},[44,78810,17882],{"class":66},[44,78812,63],{"class":62},[44,78814,83],{"class":58},[44,78816,75],{"class":62},[44,78818,78819],{"class":66},"Carol",[44,78821,63],{"class":62},[44,78823,3759],{"class":58},[44,78825,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78827,4242],{"class":50},[44,78829,108],{"class":58},[44,78831,34720],{"class":111},[44,78833,157],{"class":58},[44,78835,1904],{"class":463},[44,78837,55],{"class":54},[44,78839,3564],{"class":1861},[44,78841,108],{"class":58},[44,78843,8771],{"class":1923},[44,78845,162],{"class":58},[44,78847,78848],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78849,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78851,78852,78854,78856,78858],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78853,154],{"class":153},[44,78855,157],{"class":58},[44,78857,4242],{"class":111},[44,78859,162],{"class":58},[20,78861,330],{},[35,78863,78865],{"className":37,"code":78864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78866,78867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78868,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78891,78893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78870,4027],{"class":58},[44,78872,343],{"class":62},[44,78874,17882],{"class":66},[44,78876,343],{"class":62},[44,78878,83],{"class":58},[44,78880,352],{"class":62},[44,78882,5144],{"class":66},[44,78884,343],{"class":62},[44,78886,83],{"class":58},[44,78888,352],{"class":62},[44,78890,78819],{"class":66},[44,78892,343],{"class":62},[44,78894,3759],{"class":58},[20,78896,22,78897,78899],{},[15,78898,1904],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,78901,78903,10698,78905],{"id":78902},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78904,77802],{},[15,78906,74359],{},[20,78908,78909,4523,78911,78913],{},[15,78910,77802],{},[15,78912,74359],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78915,78916,72],{},[15,78917,77802],{},[192,78919,78920,78923],{},[195,78921,78922],{},"Changes the existing list",[195,78924,11530,78925],{},[15,78926,217],{},[20,78928,78929,72],{},[15,78930,74359],{},[192,78932,78933,78936],{},[195,78934,78935],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[195,78937,78938],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78940,223],{},[35,78942,78944],{"className":37,"code":78943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78945,78946,78966,78970,78984,78988,78998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78947,78948,78950,78952,78954,78956,78958,78960,78962,78964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78949,3741],{"class":50},[44,78951,55],{"class":54},[44,78953,3746],{"class":58},[44,78955,2179],{"class":95},[44,78957,83],{"class":58},[44,78959,504],{"class":95},[44,78961,83],{"class":58},[44,78963,1012],{"class":95},[44,78965,3759],{"class":58},[44,78967,78968],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,78969,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78971,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,78973,55822],{"class":50},[44,78975,55],{"class":54},[44,78977,74493],{"class":153},[44,78979,157],{"class":58},[44,78981,3773],{"class":111},[44,78983,162],{"class":58},[44,78985,78986],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,78987,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,78989,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,78991,154],{"class":153},[44,78993,157],{"class":58},[44,78995,3773],{"class":111},[44,78997,162],{"class":58},[44,78999,79000,79002,79004,79006],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,79001,154],{"class":153},[44,79003,157],{"class":58},[44,79005,74216],{"class":111},[44,79007,162],{"class":58},[20,79009,330],{},[35,79011,79012],{"className":37,"code":74528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79013,79014,79030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79015,79016,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79017,4027],{"class":58},[44,79019,2179],{"class":95},[44,79021,83],{"class":58},[44,79023,504],{"class":95},[44,79025,83],{"class":58},[44,79027,1012],{"class":95},[44,79029,3759],{"class":58},[44,79031,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79033,4027],{"class":58},[44,79035,3108],{"class":95},[44,79037,83],{"class":58},[44,79039,1012],{"class":95},[44,79041,83],{"class":58},[44,79043,1017],{"class":95},[44,79045,3759],{"class":58},[20,79047,172,79048,79050],{},[15,79049,74359],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79052,79053,79054,4523,79058,108],{},"You can learn more in ",[395,79055,3697,79056,5912],{"href":74456},[15,79057,74359],{},[395,79059,79061],{"href":79060},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,79063,1803],{"id":1802},[20,79065,79066,79067,108],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79068,77802],{},[1960,79070,1813,79072],{"id":79071},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79073,64246],{},[20,79075,25759],{},[35,79077,79079],{"className":37,"code":79078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79080,79081,79101,79115,79119,79129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79082,79083,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79084,3741],{"class":50},[44,79086,55],{"class":54},[44,79088,3746],{"class":58},[44,79090,2179],{"class":95},[44,79092,83],{"class":58},[44,79094,504],{"class":95},[44,79096,83],{"class":58},[44,79098,1012],{"class":95},[44,79100,3759],{"class":58},[44,79102,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79104,1340],{"class":50},[44,79106,55],{"class":54},[44,79108,4392],{"class":50},[44,79110,108],{"class":58},[44,79112,34720],{"class":111},[44,79114,1635],{"class":58},[44,79116,79117],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,79118,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,79120,79121,79123,79125,79127],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,79122,154],{"class":153},[44,79124,157],{"class":58},[44,79126,1376],{"class":111},[44,79128,162],{"class":58},[44,79130,79131,79133,79135,79137],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,79132,154],{"class":153},[44,79134,157],{"class":58},[44,79136,3773],{"class":111},[44,79138,162],{"class":58},[20,79140,330],{},[35,79142,79144],{"className":37,"code":79143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79145,79146,79150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79147,79148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79149,1401],{"class":1400},[44,79151,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79153,4027],{"class":58},[44,79155,3108],{"class":95},[44,79157,83],{"class":58},[44,79159,1012],{"class":95},[44,79161,83],{"class":58},[44,79163,1017],{"class":95},[44,79165,3759],{"class":58},[20,79167,79168,79170,79171,108],{},[15,79169,64246],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79172,217],{},[20,79174,79175,79176,6761],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79177,74359],{},[1960,79179,79181],{"id":79180},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79183,79184],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,79186,79188],{"className":37,"code":79187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79189,79190,79215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79191,79192,79194,79196,79198,79200,79202,79204,79207,79209,79211,79213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79193,7910],{"class":50},[44,79195,55],{"class":54},[44,79197,3746],{"class":58},[44,79199,3108],{"class":95},[44,79201,83],{"class":58},[44,79203,75],{"class":62},[44,79205,79206],{"class":66},"two",[44,79208,63],{"class":62},[44,79210,83],{"class":58},[44,79212,1017],{"class":95},[44,79214,3759],{"class":58},[44,79216,79217,79219,79221,79223],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79218,7940],{"class":50},[44,79220,108],{"class":58},[44,79222,34720],{"class":111},[44,79224,1635],{"class":58},[20,79226,3122,79227,79229],{},[15,79228,3125],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1960,79231,4836,79233,79235],{"id":79232},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79234,64246],{}," only works on lists",[20,79237,79238,79240],{},[15,79239,64246],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79242,16725],{},[35,79244,79246],{"className":37,"code":79245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79247,79248,79260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79249,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79251,34608],{"class":50},[44,79253,55],{"class":54},[44,79255,75],{"class":62},[44,79257,39],{"class":66},[44,79259,3479],{"class":62},[44,79261,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79263,34629],{"class":50},[44,79265,108],{"class":58},[44,79267,34720],{"class":111},[44,79269,1635],{"class":58},[20,79271,79272,79273,33520],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79274,64246],{},[20,79276,79277],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,79279,79281],{"className":37,"code":79280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79282,79283,79301,79311,79315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79284,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79286,36013],{"class":50},[44,79288,55],{"class":54},[44,79290,22630],{"class":1861},[44,79292,157],{"class":58},[44,79294,63],{"class":62},[44,79296,39],{"class":66},[44,79298,63],{"class":62},[44,79300,162],{"class":58},[44,79302,79303,79305,79307,79309],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79304,36066],{"class":50},[44,79306,108],{"class":58},[44,79308,34720],{"class":111},[44,79310,1635],{"class":58},[44,79312,79313],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,79314,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,79316,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,79318,154],{"class":153},[44,79320,157],{"class":58},[44,79322,36066],{"class":111},[44,79324,162],{"class":58},[20,79326,330],{},[35,79328,79330],{"className":37,"code":79329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79331,79332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79333,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79335,4027],{"class":58},[44,79337,343],{"class":62},[44,79339,60372],{"class":66},[44,79341,343],{"class":62},[44,79343,83],{"class":58},[44,79345,352],{"class":62},[44,79347,75965],{"class":66},[44,79349,343],{"class":62},[44,79351,83],{"class":58},[44,79353,352],{"class":62},[44,79355,60407],{"class":66},[44,79357,343],{"class":62},[44,79359,83],{"class":58},[44,79361,352],{"class":62},[44,79363,20],{"class":66},[44,79365,343],{"class":62},[44,79367,83],{"class":58},[44,79369,352],{"class":62},[44,79371,63221],{"class":66},[44,79373,343],{"class":62},[44,79375,83],{"class":58},[44,79377,352],{"class":62},[44,79379,11850],{"class":66},[44,79381,343],{"class":62},[44,79383,3759],{"class":58},[1960,79385,79387,79388,79390],{"id":79386},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79389,1904],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79392,79393,79394,108],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79395,1904],{},[20,79397,79398,79399,79401],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79400,64246],{}," will not do that:",[35,79403,79405],{"className":37,"code":79404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79406,79407,79439,79457,79461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79408,79409,79411,79413,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79410,4198],{"class":50},[44,79412,55],{"class":54},[44,79414,3746],{"class":58},[44,79416,63],{"class":62},[44,79418,4216],{"class":66},[44,79420,63],{"class":62},[44,79422,83],{"class":58},[44,79424,75],{"class":62},[44,79426,38283],{"class":66},[44,79428,63],{"class":62},[44,79430,83],{"class":58},[44,79432,75],{"class":62},[44,79434,4207],{"class":66},[44,79436,63],{"class":62},[44,79438,3759],{"class":58},[44,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453,79455],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79442,4242],{"class":50},[44,79444,108],{"class":58},[44,79446,34720],{"class":111},[44,79448,157],{"class":58},[44,79450,1904],{"class":463},[44,79452,55],{"class":54},[44,79454,11271],{"class":153},[44,79456,162],{"class":58},[44,79458,79459],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,79460,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,79462,79463,79465,79467,79469],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,79464,154],{"class":153},[44,79466,157],{"class":58},[44,79468,4242],{"class":111},[44,79470,162],{"class":58},[1960,79472,79474],{"id":79473},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79476,79477],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79479,79481],{"className":37,"code":79480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79482,79483,79517,79527,79531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79484,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79513,79515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79486,4198],{"class":50},[44,79488,55],{"class":54},[44,79490,3746],{"class":58},[44,79492,63],{"class":62},[44,79494,79495],{"class":66},"zebra",[44,79497,63],{"class":62},[44,79499,83],{"class":58},[44,79501,75],{"class":62},[44,79503,57701],{"class":66},[44,79505,63],{"class":62},[44,79507,83],{"class":58},[44,79509,75],{"class":62},[44,79511,79512],{"class":66},"monkey",[44,79514,63],{"class":62},[44,79516,3759],{"class":58},[44,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79520,4242],{"class":50},[44,79522,108],{"class":58},[44,79524,34720],{"class":111},[44,79526,1635],{"class":58},[44,79528,79529],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,79530,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,79534,154],{"class":153},[44,79536,157],{"class":58},[44,79538,4242],{"class":111},[44,79540,162],{"class":58},[20,79542,330],{},[35,79544,79546],{"className":37,"code":79545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79547,79548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79549,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79551,4027],{"class":58},[44,79553,343],{"class":62},[44,79555,57701],{"class":66},[44,79557,343],{"class":62},[44,79559,83],{"class":58},[44,79561,352],{"class":62},[44,79563,79512],{"class":66},[44,79565,343],{"class":62},[44,79567,83],{"class":58},[44,79569,352],{"class":62},[44,79571,79495],{"class":66},[44,79573,343],{"class":62},[44,79575,3759],{"class":58},[20,79577,172,79578,79580],{},[15,79579,78520],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1960,79582,60644],{"id":60643},[20,79584,79585],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79587,79589],{"className":37,"code":79588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79590,79591,79601,79615,79629,79643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79592,79593,79595,79597,79599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79594,154],{"class":153},[44,79596,157],{"class":58},[44,79598,8470],{"class":111},[44,79600,162],{"class":58},[44,79602,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79604,154],{"class":153},[44,79606,157],{"class":58},[44,79608,1862],{"class":1861},[44,79610,157],{"class":58},[44,79612,8470],{"class":111},[44,79614,1869],{"class":58},[44,79616,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,79618,154],{"class":153},[44,79620,157],{"class":58},[44,79622,8470],{"class":111},[44,79624,108],{"class":58},[44,79626,34720],{"class":111},[44,79628,7325],{"class":58},[44,79630,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,79632,154],{"class":153},[44,79634,157],{"class":58},[44,79636,74449],{"class":153},[44,79638,157],{"class":58},[44,79640,8470],{"class":111},[44,79642,1869],{"class":58},[44,79644,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,79646,154],{"class":153},[44,79648,3105],{"class":58},[44,79650,1862],{"class":1861},[44,79652,157],{"class":58},[44,79654,23381],{"class":111},[44,79656,3786],{"class":58},[44,79658,4003],{"class":4002},[44,79660,6090],{"class":111},[44,79662,4009],{"class":4002},[44,79664,8527],{"class":111},[44,79666,4015],{"class":58},[20,79668,11280],{},[192,79670,79671,79674,79677,79684,79690],{},[195,79672,79673],{},"What values are in the list",[195,79675,79676],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[195,79678,79679,79680,1298,79682],{},"That ",[15,79681,64246],{},[15,79683,217],{},[195,79685,79686,79687,79689],{},"Whether ",[15,79688,74359],{}," works better for your case",[195,79691,79692],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79694,79695,79696,79698],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79697,3125],{}," problems.",[30,79700,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,79702,1963,79704,55401],{"id":79703},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79705,77802],{},[20,79707,62537,79708,108],{},[15,79709,217],{},[1960,79711,2007,79713,4523,79715,2610],{"id":79712},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79714,64246],{},[15,79716,74359],{},[20,79718,79719,79721,79722,79724],{},[15,79720,64246],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79723,74359],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1960,79726,79728],{"id":79727},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79730,18771],{},[35,79732,79734],{"className":37,"code":79733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79735,79736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79737,79738,79740,79742,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79739,8470],{"class":50},[44,79741,108],{"class":58},[44,79743,34720],{"class":111},[44,79745,157],{"class":58},[44,79747,73512],{"class":463},[44,79749,55],{"class":54},[44,79751,3726],{"class":1400},[44,79753,162],{"class":58},[1960,79755,79757],{"id":79756},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79759,18771],{},[35,79761,79763],{"className":37,"code":79762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79764,79765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79766,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79768,8470],{"class":50},[44,79770,108],{"class":58},[44,79772,34720],{"class":111},[44,79774,157],{"class":58},[44,79776,1904],{"class":463},[44,79778,55],{"class":54},[44,79780,3564],{"class":1861},[44,79782,108],{"class":58},[44,79784,8771],{"class":1923},[44,79786,162],{"class":58},[20,79788,79789],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1960,79791,79793,79794,79796],{"id":79792},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79795,3125],{}," when sorting?",[20,79798,79799],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79801,2020],{"id":2019},[192,79803,79804,79809,79815,79819],{},[195,79805,79806],{},[395,79807,79808],{"href":78311},"How to sort a list in Python",[195,79810,79811],{},[395,79812,3697,79813,5912],{"href":74456},[15,79814,74359],{},[195,79816,79817],{},[395,79818,67012],{"href":50910},[195,79820,79821],{},[395,79822,79061],{"href":79060},[2048,79824,79825],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":79827},[79828,79829,79831,79832,79833,79834,79836,79838,79849,79859],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":77868,"depth":102,"text":79830},"What list.sort() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":78123,"depth":102,"text":78124},{"id":78315,"depth":102,"text":78316},{"id":78637,"depth":102,"text":79835},"Using the key argument",{"id":78902,"depth":102,"text":79837},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":79839},[79840,79842,79843,79845,79847,79848],{"id":79071,"depth":150,"text":79841},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79180,"depth":150,"text":79181},{"id":79232,"depth":150,"text":79844},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79386,"depth":150,"text":79846},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79473,"depth":150,"text":79474},{"id":60643,"depth":150,"text":60644},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":79850},[79851,79853,79855,79856,79857],{"id":79703,"depth":150,"text":79852},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79712,"depth":150,"text":79854},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79727,"depth":150,"text":79728},{"id":79756,"depth":150,"text":79757},{"id":79792,"depth":150,"text":79858},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77790,"description":79860},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79867,"title":79868,"body":79869,"description":82500,"extension":2080,"meta":82501,"navigation":682,"path":82502,"seo":82503,"stem":82504,"__hash__":82505},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79870,"toc":82459},[79871,79876,79881,79884,79895,79898,79918,79920,79982,79984,80025,80034,80039,80044,80050,80061,80063,80082,80085,80090,80095,80097,80102,80116,80118,80136,80139,80156,80159,80165,80188,80193,80195,80198,80259,80261,80294,80296,80335,80343,80353,80359,80364,80457,80459,80483,80485,80503,80506,80537,80543,80548,80551,80553,80678,80680,80704,80706,80725,80731,80737,80856,80858,80875,80882,80888,80893,80900,80906,80908,80965,80968,80989,80992,80995,81056,81058,81091,81095,81165,81167,81184,81188,81191,81266,81268,81305,81308,81311,81382,81384,81445,81450,81455,81458,81472,81474,81547,81549,81569,81572,81575,81632,81694,81697,81729,81732,81747,81752,81754,81760,81763,81819,81822,81824,81843,81847,81849,81893,81902,81904,81964,81968,81971,81973,82066,82068,82183,82187,82189,82263,82266,82269,82271,82276,82341,82343,82367,82377,82379,82385,82394,82403,82412,82418,82421,82425,82428,82430,82456],[10,79872,3697,79874,3701],{"id":79873},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79875,39642],{},[20,79877,3704,79878,79880],{},[15,79879,39642],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79882,79883],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[192,79885,79886,79889,79892],{},[195,79887,79888],{},"converting numbers to strings",[195,79890,79891],{},"changing strings to integers",[195,79893,79894],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79896,79897],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[192,79899,79900,79907,79913],{},[195,79901,79902,14140,79904,79906],{},[15,79903,39642],{},[3868,79905,4762],{}," return a list in Python 3",[195,79908,79909,79910],{},"it returns a ",[3868,79911,79912],{},"map object",[195,79914,79915,79916],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79917,24849],{},[30,79919,33],{"id":32},[35,79921,79923],{"className":37,"code":79922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79924,79925,79949,79968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79926,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79928,3741],{"class":50},[44,79930,55],{"class":54},[44,79932,3746],{"class":58},[44,79934,3108],{"class":95},[44,79936,83],{"class":58},[44,79938,1012],{"class":95},[44,79940,83],{"class":58},[44,79942,1017],{"class":95},[44,79944,83],{"class":58},[44,79946,2574],{"class":95},[44,79948,3759],{"class":58},[44,79950,79951,79953,79955,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,79952,1340],{"class":50},[44,79954,55],{"class":54},[44,79956,79957],{"class":153}," map",[44,79959,157],{"class":58},[44,79961,3564],{"class":1861},[44,79963,83],{"class":58},[44,79965,4392],{"class":111},[44,79967,162],{"class":58},[44,79969,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,79971,154],{"class":153},[44,79973,157],{"class":58},[44,79975,1878],{"class":1861},[44,79977,157],{"class":58},[44,79979,1376],{"class":111},[44,79981,1869],{"class":58},[20,79983,330],{},[35,79985,79987],{"className":37,"code":79986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79988,79989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79990,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021,80023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79992,4027],{"class":58},[44,79994,343],{"class":62},[44,79996,3108],{"class":66},[44,79998,343],{"class":62},[44,80000,83],{"class":58},[44,80002,352],{"class":62},[44,80004,2173],{"class":66},[44,80006,343],{"class":62},[44,80008,83],{"class":58},[44,80010,352],{"class":62},[44,80012,2179],{"class":66},[44,80014,343],{"class":62},[44,80016,83],{"class":58},[44,80018,352],{"class":62},[44,80020,2623],{"class":66},[44,80022,343],{"class":62},[44,80024,3759],{"class":58},[20,80026,172,80027,80030,80031,80033],{},[15,80028,80029],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80032,24849],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,80035,179,80037,182],{"id":80036},"what-map-does",[15,80038,39642],{},[20,80040,80041,80043],{},[15,80042,39642],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80045,80046,80047,80049],{},"An ",[3868,80048,3845],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[192,80051,80052,80054,80056,80058],{},[195,80053,37826],{},[195,80055,37829],{},[195,80057,37832],{},[195,80059,80060],{},"a range object",[20,80062,405],{},[35,80064,80066],{"className":37,"code":80065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80067,80068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80069,80070,80072,80074,80076,80078,80080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80071,39785],{"class":153},[44,80073,157],{"class":58},[44,80075,37785],{"class":111},[44,80077,83],{"class":58},[44,80079,37790],{"class":111},[44,80081,162],{"class":58},[20,80083,80084],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80086,80087,80088,33661],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3868,80089,79912],{},[20,80091,80092,80093,108],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[395,80094,5267],{"href":5266},[30,80096,402],{"id":401},[20,80098,80099,80101],{},[15,80100,39642],{}," needs at least two parts:",[192,80103,80104,80110],{},[195,80105,80106,80109],{},[3868,80107,80108],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[195,80111,80112,80115],{},[3868,80113,80114],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80117,3830],{},[35,80119,80120],{"className":37,"code":80065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80121,80122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80123,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80125,39785],{"class":153},[44,80127,157],{"class":58},[44,80129,37785],{"class":111},[44,80131,83],{"class":58},[44,80133,37790],{"class":111},[44,80135,162],{"class":58},[20,80137,80138],{},"You can pass:",[192,80140,80141,80150,80153],{},[195,80142,80143,80144,2307,80146,2311,80148],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80145,3564],{},[15,80147,2306],{},[15,80149,2133],{},[195,80151,80152],{},"your own custom function",[195,80154,80155],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80157,80158],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80160,80161,80162,80164],{},"You will often see ",[15,80163,39642],{}," used like this:",[35,80166,80168],{"className":37,"code":80167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80169,80170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80171,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180,80182,80184,80186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80173,1878],{"class":1861},[44,80175,157],{"class":58},[44,80177,39785],{"class":153},[44,80179,157],{"class":58},[44,80181,37785],{"class":111},[44,80183,83],{"class":58},[44,80185,4012],{"class":111},[44,80187,1869],{"class":58},[20,80189,6807,80190,80192],{},[15,80191,24849],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,80194,11581],{"id":11580},[20,80196,80197],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,80199,80201],{"className":37,"code":80200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80202,80203,80223,80241,80245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80204,80205,80207,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80206,3741],{"class":50},[44,80208,55],{"class":54},[44,80210,3746],{"class":58},[44,80212,2448],{"class":95},[44,80214,83],{"class":58},[44,80216,96],{"class":95},[44,80218,83],{"class":58},[44,80220,7925],{"class":95},[44,80222,3759],{"class":58},[44,80224,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233,80235,80237,80239],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80226,1340],{"class":50},[44,80228,55],{"class":54},[44,80230,79957],{"class":153},[44,80232,157],{"class":58},[44,80234,3564],{"class":1861},[44,80236,83],{"class":58},[44,80238,4392],{"class":111},[44,80240,162],{"class":58},[44,80242,80243],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,80244,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80246,80247,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,80248,154],{"class":153},[44,80250,157],{"class":58},[44,80252,1878],{"class":1861},[44,80254,157],{"class":58},[44,80256,1376],{"class":111},[44,80258,1869],{"class":58},[20,80260,330],{},[35,80262,80264],{"className":37,"code":80263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80265,80266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80267,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290,80292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80269,4027],{"class":58},[44,80271,343],{"class":62},[44,80273,2448],{"class":66},[44,80275,343],{"class":62},[44,80277,83],{"class":58},[44,80279,352],{"class":62},[44,80281,15839],{"class":66},[44,80283,343],{"class":62},[44,80285,83],{"class":58},[44,80287,352],{"class":62},[44,80289,36765],{"class":66},[44,80291,343],{"class":62},[44,80293,3759],{"class":58},[20,80295,11788],{},[192,80297,80298,80303,80311,80319,80327],{},[195,80299,80300,80302],{},[15,80301,3773],{}," contains integers",[195,80304,80305,80308,80309],{},[15,80306,80307],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80310,47613],{},[195,80312,80313,42082,80316],{},[15,80314,80315],{},"str(10)",[15,80317,80318],{},"'10'",[195,80320,80321,42082,80324],{},[15,80322,80323],{},"str(20)",[15,80325,80326],{},"'20'",[195,80328,80329,42082,80332],{},[15,80330,80331],{},"str(30)",[15,80333,80334],{},"'30'",[20,80336,53585,80337,80339,80340,80342],{},[15,80338,39642],{}," applies ",[15,80341,47613],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80344,80345,80346,80348,80349,108],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80347,24849],{}," better, see ",[395,80350,3697,80351,3630],{"href":64782},[15,80352,24849],{},[30,80354,567,80356,80358],{"id":80355},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80357,39642],{}," with your own function",[20,80360,15799,80361,80363],{},[15,80362,39642],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80365,80367],{"className":37,"code":80366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80368,80369,80382,80392,80396,80420,80439,80443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80370,80371,80373,80376,80378,80380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80372,34772],{"class":2182},[44,80374,80375],{"class":34775}," double",[44,80377,157],{"class":58},[44,80379,2291],{"class":37587},[44,80381,8473],{"class":58},[44,80383,80384,80386,80388,80390],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80385,34783],{"class":4002},[44,80387,4006],{"class":50},[44,80389,39798],{"class":54},[44,80391,45518],{"class":95},[44,80393,80394],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,80395,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80397,80398,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,80399,3741],{"class":50},[44,80401,55],{"class":54},[44,80403,3746],{"class":58},[44,80405,3108],{"class":95},[44,80407,83],{"class":58},[44,80409,1012],{"class":95},[44,80411,83],{"class":58},[44,80413,1017],{"class":95},[44,80415,83],{"class":58},[44,80417,2574],{"class":95},[44,80419,3759],{"class":58},[44,80421,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80433,80435,80437],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,80423,1340],{"class":50},[44,80425,55],{"class":54},[44,80427,79957],{"class":153},[44,80429,157],{"class":58},[44,80431,80432],{"class":111},"double",[44,80434,83],{"class":58},[44,80436,4392],{"class":111},[44,80438,162],{"class":58},[44,80440,80441],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,80442,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80444,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453,80455],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,80446,154],{"class":153},[44,80448,157],{"class":58},[44,80450,1878],{"class":1861},[44,80452,157],{"class":58},[44,80454,1376],{"class":111},[44,80456,1869],{"class":58},[20,80458,330],{},[35,80460,80461],{"className":37,"code":39811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80462,80463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80464,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80466,4027],{"class":58},[44,80468,2173],{"class":95},[44,80470,83],{"class":58},[44,80472,2574],{"class":95},[44,80474,83],{"class":58},[44,80476,37568],{"class":95},[44,80478,83],{"class":58},[44,80480,6489],{"class":95},[44,80482,3759],{"class":58},[20,80484,65519],{},[192,80486,80487,80494,80500],{},[195,80488,80489,80491,80492],{},[15,80490,39642],{}," takes the function ",[15,80493,80432],{},[195,80495,80496,80497,80499],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80498,3773],{}," into that function",[195,80501,80502],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80504,80505],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[192,80507,80508,80515,80522,80530],{},[195,80509,80510,6201,80513],{},[15,80511,80512],{},"double(1)",[15,80514,2173],{},[195,80516,80517,6201,80520],{},[15,80518,80519],{},"double(2)",[15,80521,2623],{},[195,80523,80524,6201,80527],{},[15,80525,80526],{},"double(3)",[15,80528,80529],{},"6",[195,80531,80532,6201,80535],{},[15,80533,80534],{},"double(4)",[15,80536,2463],{},[30,80538,567,80540,80542],{"id":80539},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80541,39642],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80544,80545,80547],{},[15,80546,39642],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80549,80550],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80552,223],{},[35,80554,80556],{"className":37,"code":80555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80557,80558,80575,80585,80589,80610,80631,80635,80660,80664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80559,80560,80562,80565,80567,80569,80571,80573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80561,34772],{"class":2182},[44,80563,80564],{"class":34775}," add_numbers",[44,80566,157],{"class":58},[44,80568,395],{"class":37587},[44,80570,83],{"class":58},[44,80572,2678],{"class":37587},[44,80574,8473],{"class":58},[44,80576,80577,80579,80581,80583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80578,34783],{"class":4002},[44,80580,44473],{"class":50},[44,80582,2176],{"class":54},[44,80584,36105],{"class":50},[44,80586,80587],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,80588,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80590,80591,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606,80608],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,80592,80593],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80595,55],{"class":54},[44,80597,3746],{"class":58},[44,80599,3108],{"class":95},[44,80601,83],{"class":58},[44,80603,1012],{"class":95},[44,80605,83],{"class":58},[44,80607,1017],{"class":95},[44,80609,3759],{"class":58},[44,80611,80612,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,80613,80614],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80616,55],{"class":54},[44,80618,3746],{"class":58},[44,80620,2448],{"class":95},[44,80622,83],{"class":58},[44,80624,96],{"class":95},[44,80626,83],{"class":58},[44,80628,7925],{"class":95},[44,80630,3759],{"class":58},[44,80632,80633],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,80634,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80636,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645,80648,80650,80653,80655,80658],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,80638,1340],{"class":50},[44,80640,55],{"class":54},[44,80642,79957],{"class":153},[44,80644,157],{"class":58},[44,80646,80647],{"class":111},"add_numbers",[44,80649,83],{"class":58},[44,80651,80652],{"class":111}," list1",[44,80654,83],{"class":58},[44,80656,80657],{"class":111}," list2",[44,80659,162],{"class":58},[44,80661,80662],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,80663,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80665,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,80667,154],{"class":153},[44,80669,157],{"class":58},[44,80671,1878],{"class":1861},[44,80673,157],{"class":58},[44,80675,1376],{"class":111},[44,80677,1869],{"class":58},[20,80679,330],{},[35,80681,80683],{"className":37,"code":80682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80684,80685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80686,80687,80689,80692,80694,80697,80699,80702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80688,4027],{"class":58},[44,80690,80691],{"class":95},"11",[44,80693,83],{"class":58},[44,80695,80696],{"class":95}," 22",[44,80698,83],{"class":58},[44,80700,80701],{"class":95}," 33",[44,80703,3759],{"class":58},[20,80705,2296],{},[192,80707,80708,80714,80720],{},[195,80709,80710,80711],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80712,80713],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[195,80715,80716,80717],{},"then ",[15,80718,80719],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[195,80721,80716,80722],{},[15,80723,80724],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1960,80726,80728,80730],{"id":80727},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80729,39642],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80732,80733,80734,80736],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80735,39642],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80738,80740],{"className":37,"code":80739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80741,80742,80758,80768,80772,80796,80812,80816,80838,80842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80743,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80745,34772],{"class":2182},[44,80747,80564],{"class":34775},[44,80749,157],{"class":58},[44,80751,395],{"class":37587},[44,80753,83],{"class":58},[44,80755,2678],{"class":37587},[44,80757,8473],{"class":58},[44,80759,80760,80762,80764,80766],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80761,34783],{"class":4002},[44,80763,44473],{"class":50},[44,80765,2176],{"class":54},[44,80767,36105],{"class":50},[44,80769,80770],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,80771,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80773,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,80775,80593],{"class":50},[44,80777,55],{"class":54},[44,80779,3746],{"class":58},[44,80781,3108],{"class":95},[44,80783,83],{"class":58},[44,80785,1012],{"class":95},[44,80787,83],{"class":58},[44,80789,1017],{"class":95},[44,80791,83],{"class":58},[44,80793,2574],{"class":95},[44,80795,3759],{"class":58},[44,80797,80798,80800,80802,80804,80806,80808,80810],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,80799,80614],{"class":50},[44,80801,55],{"class":54},[44,80803,3746],{"class":58},[44,80805,2448],{"class":95},[44,80807,83],{"class":58},[44,80809,96],{"class":95},[44,80811,3759],{"class":58},[44,80813,80814],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,80815,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80817,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,80819,1340],{"class":50},[44,80821,55],{"class":54},[44,80823,79957],{"class":153},[44,80825,157],{"class":58},[44,80827,80647],{"class":111},[44,80829,83],{"class":58},[44,80831,80652],{"class":111},[44,80833,83],{"class":58},[44,80835,80657],{"class":111},[44,80837,162],{"class":58},[44,80839,80840],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,80841,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80843,80844,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,80845,154],{"class":153},[44,80847,157],{"class":58},[44,80849,1878],{"class":1861},[44,80851,157],{"class":58},[44,80853,1376],{"class":111},[44,80855,1869],{"class":58},[20,80857,330],{},[35,80859,80861],{"className":37,"code":80860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80862,80863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80864,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80866,4027],{"class":58},[44,80868,80691],{"class":95},[44,80870,83],{"class":58},[44,80872,80696],{"class":95},[44,80874,3759],{"class":58},[20,80876,80877,80878,80881],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80879,80880],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,80883,80885,80887],{"id":80884},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80886,39642],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80889,37948,80890,80892],{},[15,80891,39642],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80894,80895,80896,80899],{},"This object is ",[3868,80897,80898],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1960,80901,2606,80903,80905],{"id":80902},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80904,32946],{}," looks strange",[20,80907,33562],{},[35,80909,80911],{"className":37,"code":80910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80912,80913,80933,80951,80955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80914,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80916,3741],{"class":50},[44,80918,55],{"class":54},[44,80920,3746],{"class":58},[44,80922,3108],{"class":95},[44,80924,83],{"class":58},[44,80926,1012],{"class":95},[44,80928,83],{"class":58},[44,80930,1017],{"class":95},[44,80932,3759],{"class":58},[44,80934,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,80936,1340],{"class":50},[44,80938,55],{"class":54},[44,80940,79957],{"class":153},[44,80942,157],{"class":58},[44,80944,3564],{"class":1861},[44,80946,83],{"class":58},[44,80948,4392],{"class":111},[44,80950,162],{"class":58},[44,80952,80953],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,80954,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,80956,80957,80959,80961,80963],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,80958,154],{"class":153},[44,80960,157],{"class":58},[44,80962,1376],{"class":111},[44,80964,162],{"class":58},[20,80966,80967],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80969,80971],{"className":37,"code":80970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80972,80973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80974,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80976,3411],{"class":54},[44,80978,39785],{"class":153},[44,80980,24688],{"class":1861},[44,80982,37288],{"class":50},[44,80984,37292],{"class":37291},[44,80986,37295],{"class":34373},[44,80988,3423],{"class":54},[20,80990,80991],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80993,80994],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80996,80998],{"className":37,"code":80997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80999,81000,81020,81038,81042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81001,81002,81004,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81003,3741],{"class":50},[44,81005,55],{"class":54},[44,81007,3746],{"class":58},[44,81009,3108],{"class":95},[44,81011,83],{"class":58},[44,81013,1012],{"class":95},[44,81015,83],{"class":58},[44,81017,1017],{"class":95},[44,81019,3759],{"class":58},[44,81021,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81023,1340],{"class":50},[44,81025,55],{"class":54},[44,81027,79957],{"class":153},[44,81029,157],{"class":58},[44,81031,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81033,83],{"class":58},[44,81035,4392],{"class":111},[44,81037,162],{"class":58},[44,81039,81040],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81041,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81043,81044,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81045,154],{"class":153},[44,81047,157],{"class":58},[44,81049,1878],{"class":1861},[44,81051,157],{"class":58},[44,81053,1376],{"class":111},[44,81055,1869],{"class":58},[20,81057,330],{},[35,81059,81061],{"className":37,"code":81060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81062,81063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81066,4027],{"class":58},[44,81068,343],{"class":62},[44,81070,3108],{"class":66},[44,81072,343],{"class":62},[44,81074,83],{"class":58},[44,81076,352],{"class":62},[44,81078,2173],{"class":66},[44,81080,343],{"class":62},[44,81082,83],{"class":58},[44,81084,352],{"class":62},[44,81086,2179],{"class":66},[44,81088,343],{"class":62},[44,81090,3759],{"class":58},[1960,81092,81094],{"id":81093},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,81096,81098],{"className":37,"code":81097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81099,81100,81120,81138,81142,81155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81101,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81103,3741],{"class":50},[44,81105,55],{"class":54},[44,81107,3746],{"class":58},[44,81109,3108],{"class":95},[44,81111,83],{"class":58},[44,81113,1012],{"class":95},[44,81115,83],{"class":58},[44,81117,1017],{"class":95},[44,81119,3759],{"class":58},[44,81121,81122,81124,81126,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81123,1340],{"class":50},[44,81125,55],{"class":54},[44,81127,79957],{"class":153},[44,81129,157],{"class":58},[44,81131,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81133,83],{"class":58},[44,81135,4392],{"class":111},[44,81137,162],{"class":58},[44,81139,81140],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81141,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81143,81144,81146,81148,81150,81153],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81145,6087],{"class":4002},[44,81147,6090],{"class":50},[44,81149,4009],{"class":4002},[44,81151,81152],{"class":50}," result",[44,81154,6523],{"class":58},[44,81156,81157,81159,81161,81163],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,81158,8200],{"class":153},[44,81160,157],{"class":58},[44,81162,23381],{"class":111},[44,81164,162],{"class":58},[20,81166,330],{},[35,81168,81170],{"className":37,"code":81169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81171,81172,81176,81180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81173,81174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81175,46846],{"class":95},[44,81177,81178],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81179,17137],{"class":95},[44,81181,81182],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81183,46546],{"class":95},[1960,81185,81187],{"id":81186},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81189,81190],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,81192,81194],{"className":37,"code":81193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81195,81196,81216,81234,81238,81252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81197,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81199,3741],{"class":50},[44,81201,55],{"class":54},[44,81203,3746],{"class":58},[44,81205,3108],{"class":95},[44,81207,83],{"class":58},[44,81209,1012],{"class":95},[44,81211,83],{"class":58},[44,81213,1017],{"class":95},[44,81215,3759],{"class":58},[44,81217,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81219,1340],{"class":50},[44,81221,55],{"class":54},[44,81223,79957],{"class":153},[44,81225,157],{"class":58},[44,81227,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81229,83],{"class":58},[44,81231,4392],{"class":111},[44,81233,162],{"class":58},[44,81235,81236],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81237,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81239,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81241,154],{"class":153},[44,81243,157],{"class":58},[44,81245,1878],{"class":1861},[44,81247,157],{"class":58},[44,81249,1376],{"class":111},[44,81251,1869],{"class":58},[44,81253,81254,81256,81258,81260,81262,81264],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,81255,154],{"class":153},[44,81257,157],{"class":58},[44,81259,1878],{"class":1861},[44,81261,157],{"class":58},[44,81263,1376],{"class":111},[44,81265,1869],{"class":58},[20,81267,330],{},[35,81269,81271],{"className":37,"code":81270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81272,81273,81301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81274,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81276,4027],{"class":58},[44,81278,343],{"class":62},[44,81280,3108],{"class":66},[44,81282,343],{"class":62},[44,81284,83],{"class":58},[44,81286,352],{"class":62},[44,81288,2173],{"class":66},[44,81290,343],{"class":62},[44,81292,83],{"class":58},[44,81294,352],{"class":62},[44,81296,2179],{"class":66},[44,81298,343],{"class":62},[44,81300,3759],{"class":58},[44,81302,81303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81304,38222],{"class":58},[20,81306,81307],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81309,81310],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,81312,81314],{"className":37,"code":81313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81315,81316,81336,81358,81362,81372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81317,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81319,3741],{"class":50},[44,81321,55],{"class":54},[44,81323,3746],{"class":58},[44,81325,3108],{"class":95},[44,81327,83],{"class":58},[44,81329,1012],{"class":95},[44,81331,83],{"class":58},[44,81333,1017],{"class":95},[44,81335,3759],{"class":58},[44,81337,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81339,1340],{"class":50},[44,81341,55],{"class":54},[44,81343,22630],{"class":1861},[44,81345,157],{"class":58},[44,81347,39785],{"class":153},[44,81349,157],{"class":58},[44,81351,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81353,83],{"class":58},[44,81355,4392],{"class":111},[44,81357,1869],{"class":58},[44,81359,81360],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81361,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81363,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81365,154],{"class":153},[44,81367,157],{"class":58},[44,81369,1376],{"class":111},[44,81371,162],{"class":58},[44,81373,81374,81376,81378,81380],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,81375,154],{"class":153},[44,81377,157],{"class":58},[44,81379,1376],{"class":111},[44,81381,162],{"class":58},[20,81383,330],{},[35,81385,81387],{"className":37,"code":81386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81388,81389,81417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81390,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81392,4027],{"class":58},[44,81394,343],{"class":62},[44,81396,3108],{"class":66},[44,81398,343],{"class":62},[44,81400,83],{"class":58},[44,81402,352],{"class":62},[44,81404,2173],{"class":66},[44,81406,343],{"class":62},[44,81408,83],{"class":58},[44,81410,352],{"class":62},[44,81412,2179],{"class":66},[44,81414,343],{"class":62},[44,81416,3759],{"class":58},[44,81418,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81420,4027],{"class":58},[44,81422,343],{"class":62},[44,81424,3108],{"class":66},[44,81426,343],{"class":62},[44,81428,83],{"class":58},[44,81430,352],{"class":62},[44,81432,2173],{"class":66},[44,81434,343],{"class":62},[44,81436,83],{"class":58},[44,81438,352],{"class":62},[44,81440,2179],{"class":66},[44,81442,343],{"class":62},[44,81444,3759],{"class":58},[30,81446,1551,81448],{"id":81447},"when-to-use-map",[15,81449,39642],{},[20,81451,81452,81454],{},[15,81453,39642],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81456,81457],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[192,81459,81460,81464,81468],{},[195,81461,81462],{},[15,81463,3564],{},[195,81465,81466],{},[15,81467,2306],{},[195,81469,81470],{},[15,81471,2133],{},[20,81473,223],{},[35,81475,81477],{"className":37,"code":81476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81478,81479,81511,81533,81537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81480,81481,81483,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81482,3948],{"class":50},[44,81484,55],{"class":54},[44,81486,3746],{"class":58},[44,81488,343],{"class":62},[44,81490,3108],{"class":66},[44,81492,343],{"class":62},[44,81494,83],{"class":58},[44,81496,352],{"class":62},[44,81498,2173],{"class":66},[44,81500,343],{"class":62},[44,81502,83],{"class":58},[44,81504,352],{"class":62},[44,81506,2179],{"class":66},[44,81508,343],{"class":62},[44,81510,3759],{"class":58},[44,81512,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81514,3741],{"class":50},[44,81516,55],{"class":54},[44,81518,22630],{"class":1861},[44,81520,157],{"class":58},[44,81522,39785],{"class":153},[44,81524,157],{"class":58},[44,81526,2306],{"class":1861},[44,81528,83],{"class":58},[44,81530,4012],{"class":111},[44,81532,1869],{"class":58},[44,81534,81535],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81536,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81538,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81540,154],{"class":153},[44,81542,157],{"class":58},[44,81544,3773],{"class":111},[44,81546,162],{"class":58},[20,81548,330],{},[35,81550,81551],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81552,81553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81554,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81556,4027],{"class":58},[44,81558,3108],{"class":95},[44,81560,83],{"class":58},[44,81562,1012],{"class":95},[44,81564,83],{"class":58},[44,81566,1017],{"class":95},[44,81568,3759],{"class":58},[20,81570,81571],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81573,81574],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81576,81578],{"className":37,"code":81577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81579,81580,81600,81622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81581,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81583,3741],{"class":50},[44,81585,55],{"class":54},[44,81587,3746],{"class":58},[44,81589,3108],{"class":95},[44,81591,83],{"class":58},[44,81593,1012],{"class":95},[44,81595,83],{"class":58},[44,81597,1017],{"class":95},[44,81599,3759],{"class":58},[44,81601,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81603,1340],{"class":50},[44,81605,55],{"class":54},[44,81607,22630],{"class":1861},[44,81609,157],{"class":58},[44,81611,39785],{"class":153},[44,81613,157],{"class":58},[44,81615,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81617,83],{"class":58},[44,81619,4392],{"class":111},[44,81621,1869],{"class":58},[44,81623,81624,81626,81628,81630],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81625,154],{"class":153},[44,81627,157],{"class":58},[44,81629,1376],{"class":111},[44,81631,162],{"class":58},[35,81633,81635],{"className":37,"code":81634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81636,81637,81657,81684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81638,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653,81655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81640,3741],{"class":50},[44,81642,55],{"class":54},[44,81644,3746],{"class":58},[44,81646,3108],{"class":95},[44,81648,83],{"class":58},[44,81650,1012],{"class":95},[44,81652,83],{"class":58},[44,81654,1017],{"class":95},[44,81656,3759],{"class":58},[44,81658,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671,81673,81675,81678,81680,81682],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81660,1340],{"class":50},[44,81662,55],{"class":54},[44,81664,3746],{"class":58},[44,81666,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81668,157],{"class":58},[44,81670,75965],{"class":111},[44,81672,3786],{"class":58},[44,81674,4003],{"class":4002},[44,81676,81677],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81679,4009],{"class":4002},[44,81681,4392],{"class":50},[44,81683,3759],{"class":58},[44,81685,81686,81688,81690,81692],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81687,154],{"class":153},[44,81689,157],{"class":58},[44,81691,1376],{"class":111},[44,81693,162],{"class":58},[20,81695,81696],{},"Both produce:",[35,81698,81699],{"className":37,"code":81060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81700,81701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81702,81703,81705,81707,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81704,4027],{"class":58},[44,81706,343],{"class":62},[44,81708,3108],{"class":66},[44,81710,343],{"class":62},[44,81712,83],{"class":58},[44,81714,352],{"class":62},[44,81716,2173],{"class":66},[44,81718,343],{"class":62},[44,81720,83],{"class":58},[44,81722,352],{"class":62},[44,81724,2179],{"class":66},[44,81726,343],{"class":62},[44,81728,3759],{"class":58},[20,81730,81731],{},"A simple rule:",[192,81733,81734,81739,81744],{},[195,81735,39916,81736,81738],{},[15,81737,39642],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[195,81740,39922,81741,81743],{},[15,81742,6087],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[195,81745,81746],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81748,81749,81750,108],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[395,81751,4522],{"href":4521},[30,81753,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,81755,81757,81758],{"id":81756},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81759,24849],{},[20,81761,81762],{},"This is very common:",[35,81764,81765],{"className":37,"code":80910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81766,81767,81787,81805,81809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81768,81769,81771,81773,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81770,3741],{"class":50},[44,81772,55],{"class":54},[44,81774,3746],{"class":58},[44,81776,3108],{"class":95},[44,81778,83],{"class":58},[44,81780,1012],{"class":95},[44,81782,83],{"class":58},[44,81784,1017],{"class":95},[44,81786,3759],{"class":58},[44,81788,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81790,1340],{"class":50},[44,81792,55],{"class":54},[44,81794,79957],{"class":153},[44,81796,157],{"class":58},[44,81798,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81800,83],{"class":58},[44,81802,4392],{"class":111},[44,81804,162],{"class":58},[44,81806,81807],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81808,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81810,81811,81813,81815,81817],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81812,154],{"class":153},[44,81814,157],{"class":58},[44,81816,1376],{"class":111},[44,81818,162],{"class":58},[20,81820,81821],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81823,39187],{},[35,81825,81827],{"className":37,"code":81826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81828,81829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81830,81831,81833,81835,81837,81839,81841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81832,154],{"class":153},[44,81834,157],{"class":58},[44,81836,1878],{"class":1861},[44,81838,157],{"class":58},[44,81840,1376],{"class":111},[44,81842,1869],{"class":58},[1960,81844,81846],{"id":81845},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81848,16725],{},[35,81850,81852],{"className":37,"code":81851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81853,81854,81874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81855,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81857,3741],{"class":50},[44,81859,55],{"class":54},[44,81861,3746],{"class":58},[44,81863,3108],{"class":95},[44,81865,83],{"class":58},[44,81867,1012],{"class":95},[44,81869,83],{"class":58},[44,81871,1017],{"class":95},[44,81873,3759],{"class":58},[44,81875,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81889,81891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81877,1340],{"class":50},[44,81879,55],{"class":54},[44,81881,79957],{"class":153},[44,81883,157],{"class":58},[44,81885,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81887,81888],{"class":58},"(),",[44,81890,4392],{"class":111},[44,81892,162],{"class":58},[20,81894,81895,81896,81898,81899,81901],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81897,47613],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81900,39642],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81903,1436],{},[35,81905,81906],{"className":37,"code":80997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81907,81908,81928,81946,81950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81909,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81911,3741],{"class":50},[44,81913,55],{"class":54},[44,81915,3746],{"class":58},[44,81917,3108],{"class":95},[44,81919,83],{"class":58},[44,81921,1012],{"class":95},[44,81923,83],{"class":58},[44,81925,1017],{"class":95},[44,81927,3759],{"class":58},[44,81929,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81931,1340],{"class":50},[44,81933,55],{"class":54},[44,81935,79957],{"class":153},[44,81937,157],{"class":58},[44,81939,3564],{"class":1861},[44,81941,83],{"class":58},[44,81943,4392],{"class":111},[44,81945,162],{"class":58},[44,81947,81948],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,81949,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,81951,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,81953,154],{"class":153},[44,81955,157],{"class":58},[44,81957,1878],{"class":1861},[44,81959,157],{"class":58},[44,81961,1376],{"class":111},[44,81963,1869],{"class":58},[1960,81965,81967],{"id":81966},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81969,81970],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81972,16725],{},[35,81974,81976],{"className":37,"code":81975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81977,81978,81995,82005,82009,82029,82048,82052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81979,81980,81982,81985,81987,81989,81991,81993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81981,34772],{"class":2182},[44,81983,81984],{"class":34775}," add",[44,81986,157],{"class":58},[44,81988,395],{"class":37587},[44,81990,83],{"class":58},[44,81992,2678],{"class":37587},[44,81994,8473],{"class":58},[44,81996,81997,81999,82001,82003],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,81998,34783],{"class":4002},[44,82000,44473],{"class":50},[44,82002,2176],{"class":54},[44,82004,36105],{"class":50},[44,82006,82007],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82008,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82010,82011,82013,82015,82017,82019,82021,82023,82025,82027],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82012,3741],{"class":50},[44,82014,55],{"class":54},[44,82016,3746],{"class":58},[44,82018,3108],{"class":95},[44,82020,83],{"class":58},[44,82022,1012],{"class":95},[44,82024,83],{"class":58},[44,82026,1017],{"class":95},[44,82028,3759],{"class":58},[44,82030,82031,82033,82035,82037,82039,82042,82044,82046],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,82032,1340],{"class":50},[44,82034,55],{"class":54},[44,82036,79957],{"class":153},[44,82038,157],{"class":58},[44,82040,82041],{"class":111},"add",[44,82043,83],{"class":58},[44,82045,4392],{"class":111},[44,82047,162],{"class":58},[44,82049,82050],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,82051,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82053,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,82055,154],{"class":153},[44,82057,157],{"class":58},[44,82059,1878],{"class":1861},[44,82061,157],{"class":58},[44,82063,1376],{"class":111},[44,82065,1869],{"class":58},[20,82067,1436],{},[35,82069,82071],{"className":37,"code":82070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82072,82073,82089,82099,82103,82123,82143,82165,82169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82074,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085,82087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82076,34772],{"class":2182},[44,82078,81984],{"class":34775},[44,82080,157],{"class":58},[44,82082,395],{"class":37587},[44,82084,83],{"class":58},[44,82086,2678],{"class":37587},[44,82088,8473],{"class":58},[44,82090,82091,82093,82095,82097],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82092,34783],{"class":4002},[44,82094,44473],{"class":50},[44,82096,2176],{"class":54},[44,82098,36105],{"class":50},[44,82100,82101],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82102,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82104,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82106,80593],{"class":50},[44,82108,55],{"class":54},[44,82110,3746],{"class":58},[44,82112,3108],{"class":95},[44,82114,83],{"class":58},[44,82116,1012],{"class":95},[44,82118,83],{"class":58},[44,82120,1017],{"class":95},[44,82122,3759],{"class":58},[44,82124,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,82126,80614],{"class":50},[44,82128,55],{"class":54},[44,82130,3746],{"class":58},[44,82132,2448],{"class":95},[44,82134,83],{"class":58},[44,82136,96],{"class":95},[44,82138,83],{"class":58},[44,82140,7925],{"class":95},[44,82142,3759],{"class":58},[44,82144,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,82146,1340],{"class":50},[44,82148,55],{"class":54},[44,82150,79957],{"class":153},[44,82152,157],{"class":58},[44,82154,82041],{"class":111},[44,82156,83],{"class":58},[44,82158,80652],{"class":111},[44,82160,83],{"class":58},[44,82162,80657],{"class":111},[44,82164,162],{"class":58},[44,82166,82167],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,82168,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82170,82171,82173,82175,82177,82179,82181],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,82172,154],{"class":153},[44,82174,157],{"class":58},[44,82176,1878],{"class":1861},[44,82178,157],{"class":58},[44,82180,1376],{"class":111},[44,82182,1869],{"class":58},[1960,82184,82186],{"id":82185},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82188,16725],{},[35,82190,82191],{"className":37,"code":81193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82192,82193,82213,82231,82235,82249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82194,82195,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82196,3741],{"class":50},[44,82198,55],{"class":54},[44,82200,3746],{"class":58},[44,82202,3108],{"class":95},[44,82204,83],{"class":58},[44,82206,1012],{"class":95},[44,82208,83],{"class":58},[44,82210,1017],{"class":95},[44,82212,3759],{"class":58},[44,82214,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82216,1340],{"class":50},[44,82218,55],{"class":54},[44,82220,79957],{"class":153},[44,82222,157],{"class":58},[44,82224,3564],{"class":1861},[44,82226,83],{"class":58},[44,82228,4392],{"class":111},[44,82230,162],{"class":58},[44,82232,82233],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82234,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82236,82237,82239,82241,82243,82245,82247],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82238,154],{"class":153},[44,82240,157],{"class":58},[44,82242,1878],{"class":1861},[44,82244,157],{"class":58},[44,82246,1376],{"class":111},[44,82248,1869],{"class":58},[44,82250,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,82252,154],{"class":153},[44,82254,157],{"class":58},[44,82256,1878],{"class":1861},[44,82258,157],{"class":58},[44,82260,1376],{"class":111},[44,82262,1869],{"class":58},[20,82264,82265],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82267,82268],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,82270,67830],{"id":67829},[20,82272,9005,82273,82275],{},[15,82274,39642],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,82277,82279],{"className":37,"code":82278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82280,82281,82291,82305,82319,82331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82284,154],{"class":153},[44,82286,157],{"class":58},[44,82288,1376],{"class":111},[44,82290,162],{"class":58},[44,82292,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301,82303],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82294,154],{"class":153},[44,82296,157],{"class":58},[44,82298,1878],{"class":1861},[44,82300,157],{"class":58},[44,82302,1376],{"class":111},[44,82304,1869],{"class":58},[44,82306,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82308,154],{"class":153},[44,82310,157],{"class":58},[44,82312,1862],{"class":1861},[44,82314,157],{"class":58},[44,82316,1376],{"class":111},[44,82318,1869],{"class":58},[44,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82322,6087],{"class":4002},[44,82324,6090],{"class":50},[44,82326,4009],{"class":4002},[44,82328,81152],{"class":50},[44,82330,6523],{"class":58},[44,82332,82333,82335,82337,82339],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,82334,8200],{"class":153},[44,82336,157],{"class":58},[44,82338,23381],{"class":111},[44,82340,162],{"class":58},[20,82342,12771],{},[192,82344,82345,82350,82355,82361],{},[195,82346,82347,82349],{},[15,82348,32946],{}," shows that you have a map object",[195,82351,82352,82354],{},[15,82353,32954],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[195,82356,82357,82360],{},[15,82358,82359],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[195,82362,82363,82364,82366],{},"looping over ",[15,82365,1376],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82368,82369,82370,82373,82374,82376],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82371,82372],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82375,6087],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82378,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,82380,1963,82382,82384],{"id":82381},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82383,39642],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82386,82387,82388,82390,82391,24009],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82389,39642],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82392,82393],{},"list(map(...))",[1960,82395,14989,82397,82399,82400,82402],{"id":82396},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82398,39642],{}," better than a ",[15,82401,6087],{}," loop?",[20,82404,82405,82406,82408,82409,82411],{},"Not always. ",[15,82407,39642],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82410,6087],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1960,82413,1984,82415,82417],{"id":82414},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82416,39642],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82419,82420],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1960,82422,82424],{"id":82423},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82426,82427],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82429,2020],{"id":2019},[192,82431,82432,82438,82444,82448,82452],{},[195,82433,82434],{},[395,82435,3697,82436,3630],{"href":40011},[15,82437,37500],{},[195,82439,82440],{},[395,82441,3697,82442,3630],{"href":64782},[15,82443,24849],{},[195,82445,82446],{},[395,82447,5350],{"href":5262},[195,82449,82450],{},[395,82451,5355],{"href":4521},[195,82453,82454],{},[395,82455,5345],{"href":5266},[2048,82457,82458],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":82460},[82461,82462,82464,82465,82466,82468,82473,82480,82482,82489,82490,82499],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":80036,"depth":102,"text":82463},"What map() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":80355,"depth":102,"text":82467},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80539,"depth":102,"text":82469,"children":82470},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82471],{"id":80727,"depth":150,"text":82472},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80884,"depth":102,"text":82474,"children":82475},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82476,82478,82479],{"id":80902,"depth":150,"text":82477},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81093,"depth":150,"text":81094},{"id":81186,"depth":150,"text":81187},{"id":81447,"depth":102,"text":82481},"When to use map()",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":82483},[82484,82486,82487,82488],{"id":81756,"depth":150,"text":82485},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81845,"depth":150,"text":81846},{"id":81966,"depth":150,"text":81967},{"id":82185,"depth":150,"text":82186},{"id":67829,"depth":102,"text":67830},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":82491},[82492,82494,82496,82498],{"id":82381,"depth":150,"text":82493},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82396,"depth":150,"text":82495},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82414,"depth":150,"text":82497},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82423,"depth":150,"text":82424},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79868,"description":82500},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82507,"title":82508,"body":82509,"description":84529,"extension":2080,"meta":84530,"navigation":682,"path":84531,"seo":84532,"stem":84533,"__hash__":84534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82510,"toc":84487},[82511,82517,82522,82525,82533,82536,82538,82662,82664,82682,82684,82704,82709,82713,82727,82730,82733,82735,82740,82852,82855,82873,82879,82882,82944,82946,82955,82958,82972,82974,83022,83024,83033,83043,83049,83052,83079,83081,83089,83092,83095,83165,83167,83175,83178,83183,83188,83239,83241,83249,83252,83254,83271,83273,83325,83328,83334,83338,83343,83346,83350,83409,83411,83420,83426,83435,83439,83502,83504,83512,83517,83521,83526,83606,83608,83617,83624,83629,83634,83637,83672,83674,83682,83685,83691,83693,83743,83745,83754,83757,83775,83777,83782,83788,83795,83822,83824,83847,83852,83887,83892,83898,83903,83946,83949,83952,83991,83998,84004,84009,84024,84028,84035,84038,84042,84047,84051,84056,84058,84119,84121,84150,84155,84162,84171,84173,84176,84201,84203,84306,84309,84327,84336,84338,84343,84346,84352,84355,84357,84367,84373,84377,84435,84442,84450,84452,84484],[10,82512,3697,82514,3701],{"id":82513},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82515,82516],{},"max()",[20,82518,9253,82519,82521],{},[15,82520,82516],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82523,82524],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[192,82526,82527,82530],{},[195,82528,82529],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[195,82531,82532],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82534,82535],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82537,33],{"id":32},[35,82539,82541],{"className":37,"code":82540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82542,82543,82567,82582,82586,82612,82616,82648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82544,82545,82547,82549,82551,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82546,3741],{"class":50},[44,82548,55],{"class":54},[44,82550,3746],{"class":58},[44,82552,2179],{"class":95},[44,82554,83],{"class":58},[44,82556,6489],{"class":95},[44,82558,83],{"class":58},[44,82560,1012],{"class":95},[44,82562,83],{"class":58},[44,82564,4736],{"class":95},[44,82566,3759],{"class":58},[44,82568,82569,82571,82573,82576,82578,82580],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82570,154],{"class":153},[44,82572,157],{"class":58},[44,82574,82575],{"class":153},"max",[44,82577,157],{"class":58},[44,82579,3773],{"class":111},[44,82581,1869],{"class":58},[44,82583,82584],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82585,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82587,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596,82598,82600,82602,82604,82606,82608,82610],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82589,154],{"class":153},[44,82591,157],{"class":58},[44,82593,82575],{"class":153},[44,82595,157],{"class":58},[44,82597,2179],{"class":95},[44,82599,83],{"class":58},[44,82601,6489],{"class":95},[44,82603,83],{"class":58},[44,82605,1012],{"class":95},[44,82607,83],{"class":58},[44,82609,4736],{"class":95},[44,82611,1869],{"class":58},[44,82613,82614],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,82615,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82617,82618,82620,82622,82624,82626,82628,82630,82632,82634,82636,82638,82640,82642,82644,82646],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,82619,4198],{"class":50},[44,82621,55],{"class":54},[44,82623,3746],{"class":58},[44,82625,63],{"class":62},[44,82627,4207],{"class":66},[44,82629,63],{"class":62},[44,82631,83],{"class":58},[44,82633,75],{"class":62},[44,82635,4216],{"class":66},[44,82637,63],{"class":62},[44,82639,83],{"class":58},[44,82641,75],{"class":62},[44,82643,78679],{"class":66},[44,82645,63],{"class":62},[44,82647,3759],{"class":58},[44,82649,82650,82652,82654,82656,82658,82660],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,82651,154],{"class":153},[44,82653,157],{"class":58},[44,82655,82575],{"class":153},[44,82657,157],{"class":58},[44,82659,4242],{"class":111},[44,82661,1869],{"class":58},[20,82663,330],{},[35,82665,82667],{"className":37,"code":82666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82668,82669,82673,82677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82670,82671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82672,2499],{"class":95},[44,82674,82675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82676,2499],{"class":95},[44,82678,82679],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82680,82681],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82683,20031],{},[192,82685,82686,82692,82698],{},[195,82687,82688,82691],{},[15,82689,82690],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[195,82693,82694,82697],{},[15,82695,82696],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[195,82699,82700,82703],{},[15,82701,82702],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82705,179,82707,182],{"id":82706},"what-max-does",[15,82708,82516],{},[20,82710,82711,72],{},[15,82712,82516],{},[192,82714,82715,82718,82721,82724],{},[195,82716,82717],{},"Returns the largest item",[195,82719,82720],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[195,82722,82723],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[195,82725,82726],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82728,82729],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82731,82732],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82734,402],{"id":401},[20,82736,82737,82738,72],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82739,82516],{},[35,82741,82743],{"className":37,"code":82742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82744,82745,82755,82779,82801,82824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82746,82747,82749,82751,82753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82748,82575],{"class":153},[44,82750,157],{"class":58},[44,82752,3845],{"class":111},[44,82754,162],{"class":58},[44,82756,82757,82759,82761,82763,82765,82768,82770,82772,82774,82777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82758,82575],{"class":153},[44,82760,157],{"class":58},[44,82762,3845],{"class":111},[44,82764,83],{"class":58},[44,82766,82767],{"class":54}," *",[44,82769,83],{"class":58},[44,82771,21650],{"class":463},[44,82773,55],{"class":54},[44,82775,82776],{"class":111},"func",[44,82778,162],{"class":58},[44,82780,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82782,82575],{"class":153},[44,82784,157],{"class":58},[44,82786,3845],{"class":111},[44,82788,83],{"class":58},[44,82790,82767],{"class":54},[44,82792,83],{"class":58},[44,82794,26591],{"class":463},[44,82796,55],{"class":54},[44,82798,2590],{"class":111},[44,82800,162],{"class":58},[44,82802,82803,82805,82807,82810,82812,82815,82817,82819,82822],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82804,82575],{"class":153},[44,82806,157],{"class":58},[44,82808,82809],{"class":111},"arg1",[44,82811,83],{"class":58},[44,82813,82814],{"class":111}," arg2",[44,82816,83],{"class":58},[44,82818,82767],{"class":54},[44,82820,82821],{"class":111},"args",[44,82823,162],{"class":58},[44,82825,82826,82828,82830,82832,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,82827,82575],{"class":153},[44,82829,157],{"class":58},[44,82831,82809],{"class":111},[44,82833,83],{"class":58},[44,82835,82814],{"class":111},[44,82837,83],{"class":58},[44,82839,82767],{"class":54},[44,82841,82821],{"class":111},[44,82843,83],{"class":58},[44,82845,21650],{"class":463},[44,82847,55],{"class":54},[44,82849,82776],{"class":111},[44,82851,162],{"class":58},[20,82853,82854],{},"The most important parts are:",[192,82856,82857,82862,82867],{},[195,82858,82859,82861],{},[15,82860,3845],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[195,82863,82864,82866],{},[15,82865,1904],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[195,82868,82869,82872],{},[15,82870,82871],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,82874,567,82876,82878],{"id":82875},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82877,82516],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82880,82881],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82883,82885],{"className":37,"code":82884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82886,82887,82913,82929,82933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82888,82889,82891,82893,82895,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82890,811],{"class":50},[44,82892,55],{"class":54},[44,82894,3746],{"class":58},[44,82896,82897],{"class":95},"72",[44,82899,83],{"class":58},[44,82901,51441],{"class":95},[44,82903,83],{"class":58},[44,82905,851],{"class":95},[44,82907,83],{"class":58},[44,82909,82910],{"class":95}," 66",[44,82912,3759],{"class":58},[44,82914,82915,82918,82920,82923,82925,82927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,82916,82917],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82919,55],{"class":54},[44,82921,82922],{"class":153}," max",[44,82924,157],{"class":58},[44,82926,881],{"class":111},[44,82928,162],{"class":58},[44,82930,82931],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,82932,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,82934,82935,82937,82939,82942],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,82936,154],{"class":153},[44,82938,157],{"class":58},[44,82940,82941],{"class":111},"highest_score",[44,82943,162],{"class":58},[20,82945,330],{},[35,82947,82949],{"className":37,"code":82948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82950,82951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82952,82953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82954,82948],{"class":95},[20,82956,82957],{},"This works well for:",[192,82959,82960,82963,82966,82969],{},[195,82961,82962],{},"Scores",[195,82964,82965],{},"Prices",[195,82967,82968],{},"Ages",[195,82970,82971],{},"Counts",[20,82973,52011],{},[35,82975,82977],{"className":37,"code":82976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82978,82979,83007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82980,82981,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82995,82997,83000,83002,83005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82982,82983],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82985,55],{"class":54},[44,82987,3746],{"class":58},[44,82989,40324],{"class":95},[44,82991,83],{"class":58},[44,82993,82994],{"class":95}," 5.50",[44,82996,83],{"class":58},[44,82998,82999],{"class":95}," 12.75",[44,83001,83],{"class":58},[44,83003,83004],{"class":95}," 29.00",[44,83006,3759],{"class":58},[44,83008,83009,83011,83013,83015,83017,83020],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83010,154],{"class":153},[44,83012,157],{"class":58},[44,83014,82575],{"class":153},[44,83016,157],{"class":58},[44,83018,83019],{"class":111},"prices",[44,83021,1869],{"class":58},[20,83023,330],{},[35,83025,83027],{"className":37,"code":83026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,83028,83029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83030,83031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83032,83026],{"class":95},[20,83034,83035,83036,83038,83039,108],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83037,82516],{}," is simpler than ",[395,83040,83041],{"href":74456},[15,83042,74359],{},[30,83044,567,83046,83048],{"id":83045},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83047,82516],{}," with separate values",[20,83050,83051],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,83053,83055],{"className":37,"code":83054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83056,83057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83058,83059,83061,83063,83065,83067,83069,83071,83073,83075,83077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83060,154],{"class":153},[44,83062,157],{"class":58},[44,83064,82575],{"class":153},[44,83066,157],{"class":58},[44,83068,2623],{"class":95},[44,83070,83],{"class":58},[44,83072,635],{"class":95},[44,83074,83],{"class":58},[44,83076,6123],{"class":95},[44,83078,1869],{"class":58},[20,83080,330],{},[35,83082,83083],{"className":37,"code":2343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83084,83085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83086,83087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83088,2343],{"class":95},[20,83090,83091],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83093,83094],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,83096,83098],{"className":37,"code":83097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83099,83100,83109,83117,83127,83131,83154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83101,83102,83104,83106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83103,2673],{"class":50},[44,83105,55],{"class":54},[44,83107,83108],{"class":95}," 15\n",[44,83110,83111,83113,83115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83112,2701],{"class":50},[44,83114,55],{"class":54},[44,83116,2888],{"class":95},[44,83118,83119,83122,83124],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,83120,83121],{"class":50},"c ",[44,83123,55],{"class":54},[44,83125,83126],{"class":95}," 27\n",[44,83128,83129],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,83130,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,83132,83133,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,83134,83135],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,83137,55],{"class":54},[44,83139,82922],{"class":153},[44,83141,157],{"class":58},[44,83143,395],{"class":111},[44,83145,83],{"class":58},[44,83147,2678],{"class":111},[44,83149,83],{"class":58},[44,83151,9797],{"class":111},[44,83153,162],{"class":58},[44,83155,83156,83158,83160,83163],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,83157,154],{"class":153},[44,83159,157],{"class":58},[44,83161,83162],{"class":111},"largest",[44,83164,162],{"class":58},[20,83166,330],{},[35,83168,83169],{"className":37,"code":46541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83170,83171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83172,83173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83174,46541],{"class":95},[20,83176,83177],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,83179,567,83181,46988],{"id":83180},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83182,82516],{},[20,83184,83185,83187],{},[15,83186,82516],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,83189,83191],{"className":37,"code":83190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83192,83193,83225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83194,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83196,4198],{"class":50},[44,83198,55],{"class":54},[44,83200,3746],{"class":58},[44,83202,63],{"class":62},[44,83204,4207],{"class":66},[44,83206,63],{"class":62},[44,83208,83],{"class":58},[44,83210,75],{"class":62},[44,83212,4216],{"class":66},[44,83214,63],{"class":62},[44,83216,83],{"class":58},[44,83218,75],{"class":62},[44,83220,78679],{"class":66},[44,83222,63],{"class":62},[44,83224,3759],{"class":58},[44,83226,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83228,154],{"class":153},[44,83230,157],{"class":58},[44,83232,82575],{"class":153},[44,83234,157],{"class":58},[44,83236,4242],{"class":111},[44,83238,1869],{"class":58},[20,83240,330],{},[35,83242,83243],{"className":37,"code":82681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83244,83245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83246,83247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83248,82681],{"class":50},[20,83250,83251],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83253,68218],{},[192,83255,83256,83265,83268],{},[195,83257,83258,83261,83262,83264],{},[15,83259,83260],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83263,65209],{}," alphabetically",[195,83266,83267],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[195,83269,83270],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83272,223],{},[35,83274,83276],{"className":37,"code":83275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83277,83278,83311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83279,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288,83290,83292,83294,83296,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83281,4198],{"class":50},[44,83283,55],{"class":54},[44,83285,3746],{"class":58},[44,83287,63],{"class":62},[44,83289,4207],{"class":66},[44,83291,63],{"class":62},[44,83293,83],{"class":58},[44,83295,75],{"class":62},[44,83297,83298],{"class":66},"Banana",[44,83300,63],{"class":62},[44,83302,83],{"class":58},[44,83304,75],{"class":62},[44,83306,78679],{"class":66},[44,83308,63],{"class":62},[44,83310,3759],{"class":58},[44,83312,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83314,154],{"class":153},[44,83316,157],{"class":58},[44,83318,82575],{"class":153},[44,83320,157],{"class":58},[44,83322,4242],{"class":111},[44,83324,1869],{"class":58},[20,83326,83327],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83329,83330,83331,83333],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83332,1904],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83335,36536,83336,36539],{"id":78637},[15,83337,1904],{},[20,83339,22,83340,83342],{},[15,83341,1904],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83344,83345],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1960,83347,83349],{"id":83348},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83351,83353],{"className":37,"code":83352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83354,83355,83387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83356,83357,83359,83361,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83383,83385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83358,4198],{"class":50},[44,83360,55],{"class":54},[44,83362,3746],{"class":58},[44,83364,63],{"class":62},[44,83366,36971],{"class":66},[44,83368,63],{"class":62},[44,83370,83],{"class":58},[44,83372,75],{"class":62},[44,83374,68261],{"class":66},[44,83376,63],{"class":62},[44,83378,83],{"class":58},[44,83380,75],{"class":62},[44,83382,58060],{"class":66},[44,83384,63],{"class":62},[44,83386,3759],{"class":58},[44,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83390,154],{"class":153},[44,83392,157],{"class":58},[44,83394,82575],{"class":153},[44,83396,157],{"class":58},[44,83398,4242],{"class":111},[44,83400,83],{"class":58},[44,83402,21650],{"class":463},[44,83404,55],{"class":54},[44,83406,11271],{"class":153},[44,83408,1869],{"class":58},[20,83410,330],{},[35,83412,83414],{"className":37,"code":83413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83415,83416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83417,83418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83419,83413],{"class":50},[20,83421,20843,83422,83425],{},[15,83423,83424],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83427,83428,83429,33548,83431,108],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83430,42288],{},[395,83432,83433,5912],{"href":42285},[15,83434,42288],{},[1960,83436,83438],{"id":83437},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83440,83442],{"className":37,"code":83441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83443,83444,83476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83445,83446,83448,83450,83452,83454,83456,83458,83460,83462,83464,83466,83468,83470,83472,83474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83447,4198],{"class":50},[44,83449,55],{"class":54},[44,83451,3746],{"class":58},[44,83453,63],{"class":62},[44,83455,4207],{"class":66},[44,83457,63],{"class":62},[44,83459,83],{"class":58},[44,83461,75],{"class":62},[44,83463,83298],{"class":66},[44,83465,63],{"class":62},[44,83467,83],{"class":58},[44,83469,75],{"class":62},[44,83471,78679],{"class":66},[44,83473,63],{"class":62},[44,83475,3759],{"class":58},[44,83477,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83479,154],{"class":153},[44,83481,157],{"class":58},[44,83483,82575],{"class":153},[44,83485,157],{"class":58},[44,83487,4242],{"class":111},[44,83489,83],{"class":58},[44,83491,21650],{"class":463},[44,83493,55],{"class":54},[44,83495,3564],{"class":1861},[44,83497,108],{"class":58},[44,83499,8771],{"class":1923},[44,83501,1869],{"class":58},[20,83503,330],{},[35,83505,83506],{"className":37,"code":82681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83507,83508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83509,83510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83511,82681],{"class":50},[20,83513,20843,83514,83516],{},[15,83515,78633],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1960,83518,83520],{"id":83519},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83522,83523,83524,72],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83525,37584],{},[35,83527,83529],{"className":37,"code":83528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83530,83531,83574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83532,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545,83547,83549,83552,83554,83556,83558,83561,83563,83565,83567,83570,83572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83534,7910],{"class":50},[44,83536,55],{"class":54},[44,83538,3746],{"class":58},[44,83540,63],{"class":62},[44,83542,395],{"class":66},[44,83544,63],{"class":62},[44,83546,83],{"class":58},[44,83548,75],{"class":62},[44,83550,83551],{"class":66},"bb",[44,83553,63],{"class":62},[44,83555,83],{"class":58},[44,83557,75],{"class":62},[44,83559,83560],{"class":66},"cccc",[44,83562,63],{"class":62},[44,83564,83],{"class":58},[44,83566,75],{"class":62},[44,83568,83569],{"class":66},"ddd",[44,83571,63],{"class":62},[44,83573,3759],{"class":58},[44,83575,83576,83578,83580,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83577,154],{"class":153},[44,83579,157],{"class":58},[44,83581,82575],{"class":153},[44,83583,157],{"class":58},[44,83585,7940],{"class":111},[44,83587,83],{"class":58},[44,83589,21650],{"class":463},[44,83591,55],{"class":54},[44,83593,37584],{"class":2182},[44,83595,42769],{"class":37587},[44,83597,72],{"class":58},[44,83599,38311],{"class":153},[44,83601,157],{"class":58},[44,83603,34629],{"class":111},[44,83605,3031],{"class":58},[20,83607,330],{},[35,83609,83611],{"className":37,"code":83610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83612,83613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83614,83615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83616,83610],{"class":50},[20,83618,49480,83619,4523,83621,83623],{},[15,83620,83424],{},[15,83622,78520],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83625,36536,83627,36539],{"id":83626},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83628,82871],{},[20,83630,22,83631,83633],{},[15,83632,82871],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83635,83636],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83638,83640],{"className":37,"code":83639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83641,83642,83650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83643,83644,83646,83648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83645,3741],{"class":50},[44,83647,55],{"class":54},[44,83649,7969],{"class":58},[44,83651,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83653,154],{"class":153},[44,83655,157],{"class":58},[44,83657,82575],{"class":153},[44,83659,157],{"class":58},[44,83661,3773],{"class":111},[44,83663,83],{"class":58},[44,83665,26591],{"class":463},[44,83667,55],{"class":54},[44,83669,2237],{"class":95},[44,83671,1869],{"class":58},[20,83673,330],{},[35,83675,83676],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83677,83678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83679,83680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83681,47181],{"class":95},[20,83683,83684],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83686,83687,83688,83690],{},"Without ",[15,83689,82871],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83692,52011],{},[35,83694,83696],{"className":37,"code":83695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83697,83698,83706,83733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83699,83700,83702,83704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83701,4198],{"class":50},[44,83703,55],{"class":54},[44,83705,7969],{"class":58},[44,83707,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83729,83731],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83709,1340],{"class":50},[44,83711,55],{"class":54},[44,83713,82922],{"class":153},[44,83715,157],{"class":58},[44,83717,4242],{"class":111},[44,83719,83],{"class":58},[44,83721,26591],{"class":463},[44,83723,55],{"class":54},[44,83725,63],{"class":62},[44,83727,83728],{"class":66},"no words found",[44,83730,63],{"class":62},[44,83732,162],{"class":58},[44,83734,83735,83737,83739,83741],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,83736,154],{"class":153},[44,83738,157],{"class":58},[44,83740,1376],{"class":111},[44,83742,162],{"class":58},[20,83744,330],{},[35,83746,83748],{"className":37,"code":83747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83749,83750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83751,83752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83753,83747],{"class":50},[20,83755,83756],{},"Important:",[192,83758,83759,83767],{},[195,83760,83761,83763,83764],{},[15,83762,82871],{}," works with ",[15,83765,83766],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[195,83768,40832,83769,83771,83772],{},[3868,83770,4762],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83773,83774],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83776,47916],{"id":47915},[20,83778,83779,83780,108],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83781,82516],{},[1960,83783,83785,83787],{"id":83784},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83786,40630],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83789,83790,83791,45837,83793,108],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83792,82871],{},[15,83794,40630],{},[35,83796,83798],{"className":37,"code":83797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83799,83800,83808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83801,83802,83804,83806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83803,3741],{"class":50},[44,83805,55],{"class":54},[44,83807,7969],{"class":58},[44,83809,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83811,154],{"class":153},[44,83813,157],{"class":58},[44,83815,82575],{"class":153},[44,83817,157],{"class":58},[44,83819,3773],{"class":111},[44,83821,1869],{"class":58},[20,83823,29747],{},[35,83825,83827],{"className":37,"code":83826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83828,83829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83830,83831,83833,83835,83837,83839,83842,83844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83832,40630],{"class":1861},[44,83834,72],{"class":58},[44,83836,82922],{"class":153},[44,83838,7497],{"class":58},[44,83840,83841],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83843,12295],{"class":54},[44,83845,83846],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83848,83849,83850,72],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83851,82871],{},[35,83853,83855],{"className":37,"code":83854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83856,83857,83865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83858,83859,83861,83863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83860,3741],{"class":50},[44,83862,55],{"class":54},[44,83864,7969],{"class":58},[44,83866,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83868,154],{"class":153},[44,83870,157],{"class":58},[44,83872,82575],{"class":153},[44,83874,157],{"class":58},[44,83876,3773],{"class":111},[44,83878,83],{"class":58},[44,83880,26591],{"class":463},[44,83882,55],{"class":54},[44,83884,217],{"class":1400},[44,83886,1869],{"class":58},[20,83888,83889,83890,108],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[395,83891,65774],{"href":72813},[1960,83893,83895,83897],{"id":83894},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83896,3125],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83899,83900,83901,108],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83902,3125],{},[35,83904,83906],{"className":37,"code":83905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83907,83908,83932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83909,83910,83912,83914,83916,83918,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83911,7910],{"class":50},[44,83913,55],{"class":54},[44,83915,3746],{"class":58},[44,83917,2448],{"class":95},[44,83919,83],{"class":58},[44,83921,75],{"class":62},[44,83923,15839],{"class":66},[44,83925,63],{"class":62},[44,83927,83],{"class":58},[44,83929,7925],{"class":95},[44,83931,3759],{"class":58},[44,83933,83934,83936,83938,83940,83942,83944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83935,154],{"class":153},[44,83937,157],{"class":58},[44,83939,82575],{"class":153},[44,83941,157],{"class":58},[44,83943,7940],{"class":111},[44,83945,1869],{"class":58},[20,83947,83948],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83950,83951],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83953,83955],{"className":37,"code":83954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83956,83957,83977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83958,83959,83961,83963,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83960,7910],{"class":50},[44,83962,55],{"class":54},[44,83964,3746],{"class":58},[44,83966,2448],{"class":95},[44,83968,83],{"class":58},[44,83970,96],{"class":95},[44,83972,83],{"class":58},[44,83974,7925],{"class":95},[44,83976,3759],{"class":58},[44,83978,83979,83981,83983,83985,83987,83989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,83980,154],{"class":153},[44,83982,157],{"class":58},[44,83984,82575],{"class":153},[44,83986,157],{"class":58},[44,83988,7940],{"class":111},[44,83990,1869],{"class":58},[20,83992,83993,83994,108],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[395,83995,83997],{"href":83996},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1960,83999,84001,84003],{"id":84000},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84002,3125],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84005,84006,84008],{},[15,84007,82516],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,84010,84012],{"className":37,"code":84011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,84013,84014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84015,84016,84018,84020,84022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84017,154],{"class":153},[44,84019,157],{"class":58},[44,84021,82575],{"class":153},[44,84023,7325],{"class":58},[20,84025,3122,84026,108],{},[15,84027,3125],{},[30,84029,84031,10698,84033],{"id":84030},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84032,82516],{},[15,84034,74359],{},[20,84036,84037],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84039,84040,72],{},[15,84041,82516],{},[192,84043,84044],{},[195,84045,84046],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84048,84049,72],{},[15,84050,74359],{},[192,84052,84053],{},[195,84054,84055],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84057,223],{},[35,84059,84061],{"className":37,"code":84060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84062,84063,84087,84091,84105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84064,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84066,3741],{"class":50},[44,84068,55],{"class":54},[44,84070,3746],{"class":58},[44,84072,2179],{"class":95},[44,84074,83],{"class":58},[44,84076,6489],{"class":95},[44,84078,83],{"class":58},[44,84080,1012],{"class":95},[44,84082,83],{"class":58},[44,84084,4736],{"class":95},[44,84086,3759],{"class":58},[44,84088,84089],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84090,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,84092,84093,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,84094,154],{"class":153},[44,84096,157],{"class":58},[44,84098,82575],{"class":153},[44,84100,157],{"class":58},[44,84102,3773],{"class":111},[44,84104,1869],{"class":58},[44,84106,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,84108,154],{"class":153},[44,84110,157],{"class":58},[44,84112,74449],{"class":153},[44,84114,157],{"class":58},[44,84116,3773],{"class":111},[44,84118,1869],{"class":58},[20,84120,330],{},[35,84122,84124],{"className":37,"code":84123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84125,84126,84130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84127,84128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84129,2499],{"class":95},[44,84131,84132,84134,84136,84138,84140,84142,84144,84146,84148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84133,4027],{"class":58},[44,84135,2173],{"class":95},[44,84137,83],{"class":58},[44,84139,1017],{"class":95},[44,84141,83],{"class":58},[44,84143,4736],{"class":95},[44,84145,83],{"class":58},[44,84147,6489],{"class":95},[44,84149,3759],{"class":58},[20,84151,172,84152,84154],{},[15,84153,82516],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84156,172,84157,84161],{},[395,84158,84159],{"href":74456},[15,84160,74359],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84163,84164,84165,108],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[395,84166,84168],{"href":84167},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84169,84170],{},"min()",[30,84172,1803],{"id":1802},[20,84174,84175],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[192,84177,84178,84185,84188,84193,84196],{},[195,84179,29716,84180,84182,84183],{},[15,84181,82516],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84184,82871],{},[195,84186,84187],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[195,84189,1821,84190,84192],{},[15,84191,82516],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[195,84194,84195],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[195,84197,567,84198,84200],{},[15,84199,82871],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84202,11222],{},[35,84204,84206],{"className":37,"code":84205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84207,84208,84218,84232,84246,84260,84282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84209,84210,84212,84214,84216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84211,154],{"class":153},[44,84213,157],{"class":58},[44,84215,7940],{"class":111},[44,84217,162],{"class":58},[44,84219,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84221,154],{"class":153},[44,84223,157],{"class":58},[44,84225,1862],{"class":1861},[44,84227,157],{"class":58},[44,84229,7940],{"class":111},[44,84231,1869],{"class":58},[44,84233,84234,84236,84238,84240,84242,84244],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,84235,154],{"class":153},[44,84237,157],{"class":58},[44,84239,11271],{"class":153},[44,84241,157],{"class":58},[44,84243,7940],{"class":111},[44,84245,1869],{"class":58},[44,84247,84248,84250,84252,84254,84256,84258],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,84249,154],{"class":153},[44,84251,157],{"class":58},[44,84253,82575],{"class":153},[44,84255,157],{"class":58},[44,84257,7940],{"class":111},[44,84259,1869],{"class":58},[44,84261,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,84263,154],{"class":153},[44,84265,157],{"class":58},[44,84267,82575],{"class":153},[44,84269,157],{"class":58},[44,84271,7940],{"class":111},[44,84273,83],{"class":58},[44,84275,26591],{"class":463},[44,84277,55],{"class":54},[44,84279,217],{"class":1400},[44,84281,1869],{"class":58},[44,84283,84284,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,84285,154],{"class":153},[44,84287,3105],{"class":58},[44,84289,1862],{"class":1861},[44,84291,157],{"class":58},[44,84293,2291],{"class":111},[44,84295,3786],{"class":58},[44,84297,4003],{"class":4002},[44,84299,4006],{"class":111},[44,84301,4009],{"class":4002},[44,84303,6095],{"class":111},[44,84305,4015],{"class":58},[20,84307,84308],{},"These are useful for checking:",[192,84310,84311,84316,84321,84324],{},[195,84312,84313,84314],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84315,7940],{},[195,84317,79686,84318,84320],{},[15,84319,7940],{}," is a list or some other type",[195,84322,84323],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[195,84325,84326],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84328,69282,84329,84332,84333,84335],{},[15,84330,84331],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84334,7940],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84337,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,84339,5273,84341,5276],{"id":84340},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84342,82516],{},[20,84344,84345],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1960,84347,1984,84349,84351],{"id":84348},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84350,82516],{}," work with strings?",[20,84353,84354],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1960,84356,71581],{"id":71580},[20,84358,84359,52426,84361,84363,84364,84366],{},[15,84360,82516],{},[15,84362,40630],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84365,82871],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1960,84368,84370,84371,2610],{"id":84369},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84372,82516],{},[20,84374,172,84375,72],{},[15,84376,83424],{},[35,84378,84379],{"className":37,"code":83352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84380,84381,84413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84382,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393,84395,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84384,4198],{"class":50},[44,84386,55],{"class":54},[44,84388,3746],{"class":58},[44,84390,63],{"class":62},[44,84392,36971],{"class":66},[44,84394,63],{"class":62},[44,84396,83],{"class":58},[44,84398,75],{"class":62},[44,84400,68261],{"class":66},[44,84402,63],{"class":62},[44,84404,83],{"class":58},[44,84406,75],{"class":62},[44,84408,58060],{"class":66},[44,84410,63],{"class":62},[44,84412,3759],{"class":58},[44,84414,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84416,154],{"class":153},[44,84418,157],{"class":58},[44,84420,82575],{"class":153},[44,84422,157],{"class":58},[44,84424,4242],{"class":111},[44,84426,83],{"class":58},[44,84428,21650],{"class":463},[44,84430,55],{"class":54},[44,84432,11271],{"class":153},[44,84434,1869],{"class":58},[1960,84436,2007,84438,4523,84440,2610],{"id":84437},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84439,82516],{},[15,84441,74359],{},[20,84443,84444,84446,84447,84449],{},[15,84445,82516],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":84488},[84489,84490,84492,84493,84495,84497,84499,84504,84506,84514,84516,84517,84528],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":82706,"depth":102,"text":84491},"What max() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":82875,"depth":102,"text":84494},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83045,"depth":102,"text":84496},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83180,"depth":102,"text":84498},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78637,"depth":102,"text":79835,"children":84500},[84501,84502,84503],{"id":83348,"depth":150,"text":83349},{"id":83437,"depth":150,"text":83438},{"id":83519,"depth":150,"text":83520},{"id":83626,"depth":102,"text":84505},"Using the default argument",{"id":47915,"depth":102,"text":47916,"children":84507},[84508,84510,84512],{"id":83784,"depth":150,"text":84509},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83894,"depth":150,"text":84511},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84000,"depth":150,"text":84513},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84030,"depth":102,"text":84515},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":84518},[84519,84521,84523,84524,84526],{"id":84340,"depth":150,"text":84520},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84348,"depth":150,"text":84522},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71580,"depth":150,"text":71581},{"id":84369,"depth":150,"text":84525},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84437,"depth":150,"text":84527},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82508,"description":84529},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84536,"title":84537,"body":84538,"description":86492,"extension":2080,"meta":86493,"navigation":682,"path":86494,"seo":86495,"stem":86496,"__hash__":86497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84539,"toc":86449},[84540,84545,84550,84556,84558,84632,84634,84647,84652,84657,84673,84677,84682,84758,84764,84767,84810,84812,84820,84826,84829,84860,84862,84870,84876,84881,84940,84942,84951,84954,84964,84970,84975,85010,85012,85020,85026,85032,85037,85081,85083,85092,85095,85135,85137,85146,85149,85161,85166,85171,85222,85224,85233,85236,85287,85289,85298,85301,85308,85314,85319,85321,85336,85340,85400,85402,85411,85415,85587,85589,85626,85633,85639,85642,85669,85671,85692,85697,85732,85734,85742,85745,85748,85764,85769,85771,85775,85781,85785,85812,85815,85825,85865,85869,85872,85915,85917,85926,85929,85934,86003,86005,86013,86018,86022,86025,86076,86078,86086,86089,86152,86154,86162,86165,86170,86174,86187,86194,86202,86204,86206,86236,86242,86343,86353,86355,86360,86363,86368,86371,86373,86381,86389,86397,86404,86412,86414,86446],[10,84541,3697,84543,3701],{"id":84542},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84544,84170],{},[20,84546,84547,84549],{},[15,84548,84170],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84551,84552,84553,84555],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84554,84170],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84557,33],{"id":32},[35,84559,84561],{"className":37,"code":84560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84562,84563,84587,84602,84606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84564,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84566,3741],{"class":50},[44,84568,55],{"class":54},[44,84570,3746],{"class":58},[44,84572,2254],{"class":95},[44,84574,83],{"class":58},[44,84576,1012],{"class":95},[44,84578,83],{"class":58},[44,84580,54068],{"class":95},[44,84582,83],{"class":58},[44,84584,504],{"class":95},[44,84586,3759],{"class":58},[44,84588,84589,84591,84593,84596,84598,84600],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84590,154],{"class":153},[44,84592,157],{"class":58},[44,84594,84595],{"class":153},"min",[44,84597,157],{"class":58},[44,84599,3773],{"class":111},[44,84601,1869],{"class":58},[44,84603,84604],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,84605,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,84609,154],{"class":153},[44,84611,157],{"class":58},[44,84613,84595],{"class":153},[44,84615,157],{"class":58},[44,84617,2254],{"class":95},[44,84619,83],{"class":58},[44,84621,1012],{"class":95},[44,84623,83],{"class":58},[44,84625,54068],{"class":95},[44,84627,83],{"class":58},[44,84629,504],{"class":95},[44,84631,1869],{"class":58},[20,84633,330],{},[35,84635,84637],{"className":37,"code":84636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84638,84639,84643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84640,84641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84642,46846],{"class":95},[44,84644,84645],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84646,46846],{"class":95},[20,84648,172,84649,84651],{},[15,84650,84170],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84653,179,84655,182],{"id":84654},"what-min-does",[15,84656,84170],{},[192,84658,84659,84664,84667,84670],{},[195,84660,84661,84663],{},[15,84662,84170],{}," returns the smallest item",[195,84665,84666],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[195,84668,84669],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[195,84671,84672],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84674,84676],{"id":84675},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84678,84679,84680,72],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84681,84170],{},[35,84683,84685],{"className":37,"code":84684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84686,84687,84697,84722,84740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84688,84689,84691,84693,84695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84690,84595],{"class":153},[44,84692,157],{"class":58},[44,84694,3845],{"class":111},[44,84696,162],{"class":58},[44,84698,84699,84701,84703,84706,84708,84711,84713,84716,84718,84720],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84700,84595],{"class":153},[44,84702,157],{"class":58},[44,84704,84705],{"class":111},"value1",[44,84707,83],{"class":58},[44,84709,84710],{"class":111}," value2",[44,84712,83],{"class":58},[44,84714,84715],{"class":111}," value3",[44,84717,83],{"class":58},[44,84719,34374],{"class":153},[44,84721,162],{"class":58},[44,84723,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84736,84738],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,84725,84595],{"class":153},[44,84727,157],{"class":58},[44,84729,3845],{"class":111},[44,84731,83],{"class":58},[44,84733,21650],{"class":463},[44,84735,55],{"class":54},[44,84737,37295],{"class":153},[44,84739,162],{"class":58},[44,84741,84742,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,84743,84595],{"class":153},[44,84745,157],{"class":58},[44,84747,3845],{"class":111},[44,84749,83],{"class":58},[44,84751,26591],{"class":463},[44,84753,55],{"class":54},[44,84755,37295],{"class":153},[44,84757,162],{"class":58},[1960,84759,84761],{"id":84760},"miniterable",[15,84762,84763],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84765,84766],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84768,84770],{"className":37,"code":84769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84771,84772,84796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84773,84774,84776,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84775,3741],{"class":50},[44,84777,55],{"class":54},[44,84779,3746],{"class":58},[44,84781,2463],{"class":95},[44,84783,83],{"class":58},[44,84785,1017],{"class":95},[44,84787,83],{"class":58},[44,84789,635],{"class":95},[44,84791,83],{"class":58},[44,84793,504],{"class":95},[44,84795,3759],{"class":58},[44,84797,84798,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84799,154],{"class":153},[44,84801,157],{"class":58},[44,84803,84595],{"class":153},[44,84805,157],{"class":58},[44,84807,3773],{"class":111},[44,84809,1869],{"class":58},[20,84811,330],{},[35,84813,84814],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84815,84816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84817,84818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84819,46846],{"class":95},[1960,84821,84823],{"id":84822},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84824,84825],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84827,84828],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84830,84832],{"className":37,"code":84831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84833,84834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84835,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84837,154],{"class":153},[44,84839,157],{"class":58},[44,84841,84595],{"class":153},[44,84843,157],{"class":58},[44,84845,2463],{"class":95},[44,84847,83],{"class":58},[44,84849,1017],{"class":95},[44,84851,83],{"class":58},[44,84853,635],{"class":95},[44,84855,83],{"class":58},[44,84857,504],{"class":95},[44,84859,1869],{"class":58},[20,84861,330],{},[35,84863,84864],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84865,84866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84867,84868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84869,46846],{"class":95},[1960,84871,84873],{"id":84872},"miniterable-key",[15,84874,84875],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84877,172,84878,84880],{},[15,84879,1904],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84882,84884],{"className":37,"code":84883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84885,84886,84918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84887,84888,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84889,4198],{"class":50},[44,84891,55],{"class":54},[44,84893,3746],{"class":58},[44,84895,63],{"class":62},[44,84897,78679],{"class":66},[44,84899,63],{"class":62},[44,84901,83],{"class":58},[44,84903,75],{"class":62},[44,84905,38266],{"class":66},[44,84907,63],{"class":62},[44,84909,83],{"class":58},[44,84911,75],{"class":62},[44,84913,4216],{"class":66},[44,84915,63],{"class":62},[44,84917,3759],{"class":58},[44,84919,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84921,154],{"class":153},[44,84923,157],{"class":58},[44,84925,84595],{"class":153},[44,84927,157],{"class":58},[44,84929,4242],{"class":111},[44,84931,83],{"class":58},[44,84933,21650],{"class":463},[44,84935,55],{"class":54},[44,84937,11271],{"class":153},[44,84939,1869],{"class":58},[20,84941,330],{},[35,84943,84945],{"className":37,"code":84944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84946,84947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84948,84949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84950,84944],{"class":50},[20,84952,84953],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84955,84956,84957,84959,84960,108],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84958,42288],{},", see the ",[395,84961,84962,3630],{"href":42285},[15,84963,42288],{},[1960,84965,84967],{"id":84966},"miniterable-default",[15,84968,84969],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84971,172,84972,84974],{},[15,84973,82871],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84976,84978],{"className":37,"code":84977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84979,84980,84988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84981,84982,84984,84986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84983,3741],{"class":50},[44,84985,55],{"class":54},[44,84987,7969],{"class":58},[44,84989,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,84991,154],{"class":153},[44,84993,157],{"class":58},[44,84995,84595],{"class":153},[44,84997,157],{"class":58},[44,84999,3773],{"class":111},[44,85001,83],{"class":58},[44,85003,26591],{"class":463},[44,85005,55],{"class":54},[44,85007,2237],{"class":95},[44,85009,1869],{"class":58},[20,85011,330],{},[35,85013,85014],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85015,85016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85017,85018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85019,47181],{"class":95},[20,85021,85022,85023,85025],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85024,40630],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,85027,567,85029,85031],{"id":85028},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85030,84170],{}," with numbers",[20,85033,85034,85036],{},[15,85035,84170],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,85038,85040],{"className":37,"code":85039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85041,85042,85067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85043,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052,85054,85057,85059,85061,85063,85065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85045,811],{"class":50},[44,85047,55],{"class":54},[44,85049,3746],{"class":58},[44,85051,51436],{"class":95},[44,85053,83],{"class":58},[44,85055,85056],{"class":95}," 72",[44,85058,83],{"class":58},[44,85060,28974],{"class":95},[44,85062,83],{"class":58},[44,85064,76035],{"class":95},[44,85066,3759],{"class":58},[44,85068,85069,85071,85073,85075,85077,85079],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85070,154],{"class":153},[44,85072,157],{"class":58},[44,85074,84595],{"class":153},[44,85076,157],{"class":58},[44,85078,881],{"class":111},[44,85080,1869],{"class":58},[20,85082,330],{},[35,85084,85086],{"className":37,"code":85085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,85087,85088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85089,85090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85091,85085],{"class":95},[20,85093,85094],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,85096,85098],{"className":37,"code":85097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85099,85100,85121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85101,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85115,85117,85119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85103,82983],{"class":50},[44,85105,55],{"class":54},[44,85107,3746],{"class":58},[44,85109,40324],{"class":95},[44,85111,83],{"class":58},[44,85113,85114],{"class":95}," 5.49",[44,85116,83],{"class":58},[44,85118,82999],{"class":95},[44,85120,3759],{"class":58},[44,85122,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85124,154],{"class":153},[44,85126,157],{"class":58},[44,85128,84595],{"class":153},[44,85130,157],{"class":58},[44,85132,83019],{"class":111},[44,85134,1869],{"class":58},[20,85136,330],{},[35,85138,85140],{"className":37,"code":85139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,85141,85142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85143,85144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85145,85139],{"class":95},[20,85147,85148],{},"This is useful for things like:",[192,85150,85151,85153,85155,85158],{},[195,85152,881],{},[195,85154,83019],{},[195,85156,85157],{},"measurements",[195,85159,85160],{},"ages",[30,85162,567,85164,46988],{"id":85163},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85165,84170],{},[20,85167,85168,85170],{},[15,85169,84170],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,85172,85174],{"className":37,"code":85173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85175,85176,85208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85177,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85179,4198],{"class":50},[44,85181,55],{"class":54},[44,85183,3746],{"class":58},[44,85185,63],{"class":62},[44,85187,4216],{"class":66},[44,85189,63],{"class":62},[44,85191,83],{"class":58},[44,85193,75],{"class":62},[44,85195,4207],{"class":66},[44,85197,63],{"class":62},[44,85199,83],{"class":58},[44,85201,75],{"class":62},[44,85203,4225],{"class":66},[44,85205,63],{"class":62},[44,85207,3759],{"class":58},[44,85209,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85211,154],{"class":153},[44,85213,157],{"class":58},[44,85215,84595],{"class":153},[44,85217,157],{"class":58},[44,85219,4242],{"class":111},[44,85221,1869],{"class":58},[20,85223,330],{},[35,85225,85227],{"className":37,"code":85226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,85228,85229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85230,85231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85232,85226],{"class":50},[20,85234,85235],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,85237,85239],{"className":37,"code":85238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85240,85241,85273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85242,85243,85245,85247,85249,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85244,4198],{"class":50},[44,85246,55],{"class":54},[44,85248,3746],{"class":58},[44,85250,63],{"class":62},[44,85252,4216],{"class":66},[44,85254,63],{"class":62},[44,85256,83],{"class":58},[44,85258,75],{"class":62},[44,85260,57701],{"class":66},[44,85262,63],{"class":62},[44,85264,83],{"class":58},[44,85266,75],{"class":62},[44,85268,4225],{"class":66},[44,85270,63],{"class":62},[44,85272,3759],{"class":58},[44,85274,85275,85277,85279,85281,85283,85285],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85276,154],{"class":153},[44,85278,157],{"class":58},[44,85280,84595],{"class":153},[44,85282,157],{"class":58},[44,85284,4242],{"class":111},[44,85286,1869],{"class":58},[20,85288,330],{},[35,85290,85292],{"className":37,"code":85291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,85293,85294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85295,85296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85297,85291],{"class":50},[20,85299,85300],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85302,85303,85304,108],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[395,85305,85306,5912],{"href":74456},[15,85307,74359],{},[30,85309,567,85311,85313],{"id":85310},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85312,84170],{}," with a key function",[20,85315,22,85316,85318],{},[15,85317,1904],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85320,11564],{},[192,85322,85323,85328,85333],{},[195,85324,85325,85327],{},[15,85326,1904],{}," changes the comparison rule",[195,85329,85330,85332],{},[15,85331,84170],{}," still returns the original item",[195,85334,85335],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1960,85337,85339],{"id":85338},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85341,85343],{"className":37,"code":85342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85344,85345,85378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85346,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357,85359,85361,85363,85365,85367,85369,85371,85374,85376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85348,4198],{"class":50},[44,85350,55],{"class":54},[44,85352,3746],{"class":58},[44,85354,63],{"class":62},[44,85356,68261],{"class":66},[44,85358,63],{"class":62},[44,85360,83],{"class":58},[44,85362,75],{"class":62},[44,85364,36971],{"class":66},[44,85366,63],{"class":62},[44,85368,83],{"class":58},[44,85370,75],{"class":62},[44,85372,85373],{"class":66},"giraffe",[44,85375,63],{"class":62},[44,85377,3759],{"class":58},[44,85379,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85396,85398],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85381,154],{"class":153},[44,85383,157],{"class":58},[44,85385,84595],{"class":153},[44,85387,157],{"class":58},[44,85389,4242],{"class":111},[44,85391,83],{"class":58},[44,85393,21650],{"class":463},[44,85395,55],{"class":54},[44,85397,11271],{"class":153},[44,85399,1869],{"class":58},[20,85401,330],{},[35,85403,85405],{"className":37,"code":85404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85406,85407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85408,85409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85410,85404],{"class":50},[1960,85412,85414],{"id":85413},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85416,85418],{"className":37,"code":85417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85419,85420,85430,85465,85497,85529,85533,85537,85576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85421,85422,85425,85427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85423,85424],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85426,55],{"class":54},[44,85428,85429],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,85431,85432,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85456,85458,85460,85462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85433,85434],{"class":58},"    {",[44,85436,63],{"class":62},[44,85438,67],{"class":66},[44,85440,63],{"class":62},[44,85442,72],{"class":58},[44,85444,75],{"class":62},[44,85446,78],{"class":66},[44,85448,63],{"class":62},[44,85450,83],{"class":58},[44,85452,75],{"class":62},[44,85454,85455],{"class":66},"score",[44,85457,63],{"class":62},[44,85459,72],{"class":58},[44,85461,851],{"class":95},[44,85463,85464],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,85466,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,85468,85434],{"class":58},[44,85470,63],{"class":62},[44,85472,67],{"class":66},[44,85474,63],{"class":62},[44,85476,72],{"class":58},[44,85478,75],{"class":62},[44,85480,35863],{"class":66},[44,85482,63],{"class":62},[44,85484,83],{"class":58},[44,85486,75],{"class":62},[44,85488,85455],{"class":66},[44,85490,63],{"class":62},[44,85492,72],{"class":58},[44,85494,85056],{"class":95},[44,85496,85464],{"class":58},[44,85498,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85527],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,85500,85434],{"class":58},[44,85502,63],{"class":62},[44,85504,67],{"class":66},[44,85506,63],{"class":62},[44,85508,72],{"class":58},[44,85510,75],{"class":62},[44,85512,35872],{"class":66},[44,85514,63],{"class":62},[44,85516,83],{"class":58},[44,85518,75],{"class":62},[44,85520,85455],{"class":66},[44,85522,63],{"class":62},[44,85524,72],{"class":58},[44,85526,827],{"class":95},[44,85528,99],{"class":58},[44,85530,85531],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,85532,3759],{"class":58},[44,85534,85535],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,85536,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,85538,85539,85542,85544,85547,85549,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,85540,85541],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85543,55],{"class":54},[44,85545,85546],{"class":153}," min",[44,85548,157],{"class":58},[44,85550,85551],{"class":111},"students",[44,85553,83],{"class":58},[44,85555,21650],{"class":463},[44,85557,55],{"class":54},[44,85559,37584],{"class":2182},[44,85561,13003],{"class":37587},[44,85563,72],{"class":58},[44,85565,13003],{"class":111},[44,85567,4027],{"class":58},[44,85569,63],{"class":62},[44,85571,85455],{"class":66},[44,85573,63],{"class":62},[44,85575,4015],{"class":58},[44,85577,85578,85580,85582,85585],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,85579,154],{"class":153},[44,85581,157],{"class":58},[44,85583,85584],{"class":111},"lowest",[44,85586,162],{"class":58},[20,85588,330],{},[35,85590,85592],{"className":37,"code":85591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85593,85594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85597,340],{"class":58},[44,85599,343],{"class":62},[44,85601,67],{"class":66},[44,85603,343],{"class":62},[44,85605,72],{"class":58},[44,85607,352],{"class":62},[44,85609,35863],{"class":66},[44,85611,343],{"class":62},[44,85613,83],{"class":58},[44,85615,352],{"class":62},[44,85617,85455],{"class":66},[44,85619,343],{"class":62},[44,85621,72],{"class":58},[44,85623,85056],{"class":95},[44,85625,99],{"class":58},[20,85627,85628,85629,85632],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85630,85631],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85634,567,85636,85638],{"id":85635},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85637,82871],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85640,85641],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85643,85645],{"className":37,"code":85644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85646,85647,85655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85648,85649,85651,85653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85650,3741],{"class":50},[44,85652,55],{"class":54},[44,85654,7969],{"class":58},[44,85656,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85658,154],{"class":153},[44,85660,157],{"class":58},[44,85662,84595],{"class":153},[44,85664,157],{"class":58},[44,85666,3773],{"class":111},[44,85668,1869],{"class":58},[20,85670,330],{},[35,85672,85674],{"className":37,"code":85673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85675,85676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85677,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85679,40630],{"class":1861},[44,85681,72],{"class":58},[44,85683,85546],{"class":153},[44,85685,7497],{"class":58},[44,85687,83841],{"class":50},[44,85689,12295],{"class":54},[44,85691,83846],{"class":50},[20,85693,85694,85695,72],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85696,82871],{},[35,85698,85700],{"className":37,"code":85699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85701,85702,85710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85703,85704,85706,85708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85705,3741],{"class":50},[44,85707,55],{"class":54},[44,85709,7969],{"class":58},[44,85711,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85713,154],{"class":153},[44,85715,157],{"class":58},[44,85717,84595],{"class":153},[44,85719,157],{"class":58},[44,85721,3773],{"class":111},[44,85723,83],{"class":58},[44,85725,26591],{"class":463},[44,85727,55],{"class":54},[44,85729,217],{"class":1400},[44,85731,1869],{"class":58},[20,85733,330],{},[35,85735,85736],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85737,85738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85739,85740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85741,1401],{"class":1400},[20,85743,85744],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85746,85747],{},"Remember:",[192,85749,85750,85758],{},[195,85751,85752,85754,85755,85757],{},[15,85753,82871],{}," works only when ",[15,85756,84170],{}," gets one iterable argument",[195,85759,85760,85761],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85762,85763],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85765,85766,85767,108],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[395,85768,65774],{"href":72813},[30,85770,10856],{"id":10855},[20,85772,56708,85773,108],{},[15,85774,84170],{},[1960,85776,85778,85779],{"id":85777},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85780,82871],{},[20,85782,3122,85783,72],{},[15,85784,40630],{},[35,85786,85788],{"className":37,"code":85787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85789,85790,85798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85791,85792,85794,85796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85793,7910],{"class":50},[44,85795,55],{"class":54},[44,85797,7969],{"class":58},[44,85799,85800,85802,85804,85806,85808,85810],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85801,154],{"class":153},[44,85803,157],{"class":58},[44,85805,84595],{"class":153},[44,85807,157],{"class":58},[44,85809,7940],{"class":111},[44,85811,1869],{"class":58},[20,85813,85814],{},"Fix it by:",[192,85816,85817,85820],{},[195,85818,85819],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[195,85821,85822,85823],{},"or using ",[15,85824,82871],{},[35,85826,85828],{"className":37,"code":85827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85829,85830,85838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85831,85832,85834,85836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85833,7910],{"class":50},[44,85835,55],{"class":54},[44,85837,7969],{"class":58},[44,85839,85840,85842,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85861,85863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85841,154],{"class":153},[44,85843,157],{"class":58},[44,85845,84595],{"class":153},[44,85847,157],{"class":58},[44,85849,7940],{"class":111},[44,85851,83],{"class":58},[44,85853,26591],{"class":463},[44,85855,55],{"class":54},[44,85857,63],{"class":62},[44,85859,85860],{"class":66},"no items",[44,85862,63],{"class":62},[44,85864,1869],{"class":58},[1960,85866,85868],{"id":85867},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85870,85871],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85873,85875],{"className":37,"code":85874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85876,85877,85901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85878,85879,85881,85883,85885,85887,85889,85891,85893,85895,85897,85899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85880,489],{"class":50},[44,85882,55],{"class":54},[44,85884,3746],{"class":58},[44,85886,2448],{"class":95},[44,85888,83],{"class":58},[44,85890,75],{"class":62},[44,85892,15839],{"class":66},[44,85894,63],{"class":62},[44,85896,83],{"class":58},[44,85898,4736],{"class":95},[44,85900,3759],{"class":58},[44,85902,85903,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85904,154],{"class":153},[44,85906,157],{"class":58},[44,85908,84595],{"class":153},[44,85910,157],{"class":58},[44,85912,511],{"class":111},[44,85914,1869],{"class":58},[20,85916,330],{},[35,85918,85920],{"className":37,"code":85919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85921,85922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85923,85924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85925,85919],{"class":1861},[20,85927,85928],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85930,85931,85932,108],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85933,84170],{},[35,85935,85937],{"className":37,"code":85936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85938,85939,85963,85989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85940,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85942,489],{"class":50},[44,85944,55],{"class":54},[44,85946,3746],{"class":58},[44,85948,2448],{"class":95},[44,85950,83],{"class":58},[44,85952,75],{"class":62},[44,85954,15839],{"class":66},[44,85956,63],{"class":62},[44,85958,83],{"class":58},[44,85960,4736],{"class":95},[44,85962,3759],{"class":58},[44,85964,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,85966,3741],{"class":50},[44,85968,55],{"class":54},[44,85970,3746],{"class":58},[44,85972,2306],{"class":1861},[44,85974,157],{"class":58},[44,85976,2291],{"class":111},[44,85978,3786],{"class":58},[44,85980,4003],{"class":4002},[44,85982,4006],{"class":50},[44,85984,4009],{"class":4002},[44,85986,14653],{"class":50},[44,85988,3759],{"class":58},[44,85990,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,85992,154],{"class":153},[44,85994,157],{"class":58},[44,85996,84595],{"class":153},[44,85998,157],{"class":58},[44,86000,3773],{"class":111},[44,86002,1869],{"class":58},[20,86004,330],{},[35,86006,86007],{"className":37,"code":3066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86008,86009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86010,86011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86012,3066],{"class":95},[20,86014,86015,86016,108],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86017,3125],{},[1960,86019,86021],{"id":86020},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86023,86024],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,86026,86028],{"className":37,"code":86027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86029,86030,86062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86031,86032,86034,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86050,86052,86054,86056,86058,86060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86033,4198],{"class":50},[44,86035,55],{"class":54},[44,86037,3746],{"class":58},[44,86039,63],{"class":62},[44,86041,79495],{"class":66},[44,86043,63],{"class":62},[44,86045,83],{"class":58},[44,86047,75],{"class":62},[44,86049,57701],{"class":66},[44,86051,63],{"class":62},[44,86053,83],{"class":58},[44,86055,75],{"class":62},[44,86057,79512],{"class":66},[44,86059,63],{"class":62},[44,86061,3759],{"class":58},[44,86063,86064,86066,86068,86070,86072,86074],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86065,154],{"class":153},[44,86067,157],{"class":58},[44,86069,84595],{"class":153},[44,86071,157],{"class":58},[44,86073,4242],{"class":111},[44,86075,1869],{"class":58},[20,86077,330],{},[35,86079,86080],{"className":37,"code":85291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86081,86082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86083,86084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86085,85291],{"class":50},[20,86087,86088],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,86090,86092],{"className":37,"code":86091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86093,86094,86126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86095,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86097,4198],{"class":50},[44,86099,55],{"class":54},[44,86101,3746],{"class":58},[44,86103,63],{"class":62},[44,86105,79495],{"class":66},[44,86107,63],{"class":62},[44,86109,83],{"class":58},[44,86111,75],{"class":62},[44,86113,57701],{"class":66},[44,86115,63],{"class":62},[44,86117,83],{"class":58},[44,86119,75],{"class":62},[44,86121,79512],{"class":66},[44,86123,63],{"class":62},[44,86125,3759],{"class":58},[44,86127,86128,86130,86132,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86129,154],{"class":153},[44,86131,157],{"class":58},[44,86133,84595],{"class":153},[44,86135,157],{"class":58},[44,86137,4242],{"class":111},[44,86139,83],{"class":58},[44,86141,21650],{"class":463},[44,86143,55],{"class":54},[44,86145,3564],{"class":1861},[44,86147,108],{"class":58},[44,86149,8771],{"class":1923},[44,86151,1869],{"class":58},[20,86153,330],{},[35,86155,86156],{"className":37,"code":85291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86157,86158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86159,86160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86161,85291],{"class":50},[20,86163,86164],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,86166,1551,86168],{"id":86167},"when-to-use-min",[15,86169,84170],{},[20,86171,172,86172,1558],{},[15,86173,84170],{},[192,86175,86176,86179,86184],{},[195,86177,86178],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[195,86180,86181,86182],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86183,1904],{},[195,86185,86186],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86188,172,86189,86193],{},[395,86190,86191],{"href":74456},[15,86192,74359],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86195,172,86196,86201],{},[395,86197,86199],{"href":86198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86200,82516],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,86203,1803],{"id":1802},[20,86205,84175],{},[192,86207,86208,86216,86219,86224,86231],{},[195,86209,86210,86211,86213,86214],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86212,84170],{}," without using ",[15,86215,82871],{},[195,86217,86218],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[195,86220,1821,86221,86223],{},[15,86222,84170],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[195,86225,4836,86226,86228,86229,85332],{},[15,86227,1904],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86230,84170],{},[195,86232,567,86233,86235],{},[15,86234,82871],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86237,86238,86239,86241],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86240,84170],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,86243,86245],{"className":37,"code":86244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86246,86247,86261,86271,86285,86299,86321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86248,86249,86251,86253,86255,86257,86259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86250,154],{"class":153},[44,86252,157],{"class":58},[44,86254,1862],{"class":1861},[44,86256,157],{"class":58},[44,86258,511],{"class":111},[44,86260,1869],{"class":58},[44,86262,86263,86265,86267,86269],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86264,154],{"class":153},[44,86266,157],{"class":58},[44,86268,511],{"class":111},[44,86270,162],{"class":58},[44,86272,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,86274,154],{"class":153},[44,86276,157],{"class":58},[44,86278,11271],{"class":153},[44,86280,157],{"class":58},[44,86282,511],{"class":111},[44,86284,1869],{"class":58},[44,86286,86287,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,86288,154],{"class":153},[44,86290,157],{"class":58},[44,86292,84595],{"class":153},[44,86294,157],{"class":58},[44,86296,511],{"class":111},[44,86298,1869],{"class":58},[44,86300,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,86302,154],{"class":153},[44,86304,157],{"class":58},[44,86306,84595],{"class":153},[44,86308,157],{"class":58},[44,86310,511],{"class":111},[44,86312,83],{"class":58},[44,86314,26591],{"class":463},[44,86316,55],{"class":54},[44,86318,217],{"class":1400},[44,86320,1869],{"class":58},[44,86322,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,86324,154],{"class":153},[44,86326,157],{"class":58},[44,86328,84595],{"class":153},[44,86330,157],{"class":58},[44,86332,4242],{"class":111},[44,86334,83],{"class":58},[44,86336,21650],{"class":463},[44,86338,55],{"class":54},[44,86340,11271],{"class":153},[44,86342,1869],{"class":58},[20,86344,86345,86346,86349,86350,86352],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86347,86348],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86351,511],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86354,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,86356,5273,86358,5276],{"id":86357},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86359,84170],{},[20,86361,86362],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1960,86364,1984,86366,84351],{"id":86365},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86367,84170],{},[20,86369,86370],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1960,86372,71581],{"id":71580},[20,86374,86375,52426,86377,84363,86379,36545],{},[15,86376,84170],{},[15,86378,40630],{},[15,86380,82871],{},[1960,86382,5273,86384,86386,86387,2610],{"id":86383},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86385,1904],{}," do in ",[15,86388,84170],{},[20,86390,86391,86393,86394,86396],{},[15,86392,1904],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86395,83424],{}," compares strings by length.",[1960,86398,2007,86400,4523,86402,2610],{"id":86399},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86401,84170],{},[15,86403,74359],{},[20,86405,86406,86408,86409,86411],{},[15,86407,84170],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86410,74359],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86413,2020],{"id":2019},[192,86415,86416,86422,86428,86434,86438,86442],{},[195,86417,86418],{},[395,86419,86420,3630],{"href":86198},[15,86421,82516],{},[195,86423,86424],{},[395,86425,86426,3630],{"href":74456},[15,86427,74359],{},[195,86429,86430],{},[395,86431,86432,3630],{"href":42285},[15,86433,42288],{},[195,86435,86436],{},[395,86437,79808],{"href":78311},[195,86439,86440],{},[395,86441,58889],{"href":58888},[195,86443,86444],{},[395,86445,65774],{"href":72813},[2048,86447,86448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":86450},[86451,86452,86454,86460,86462,86464,86469,86471,86477,86479,86480,86491],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":84654,"depth":102,"text":86453},"What min() does",{"id":84675,"depth":102,"text":84676,"children":86455},[86456,86457,86458,86459],{"id":84760,"depth":150,"text":84763},{"id":84822,"depth":150,"text":84825},{"id":84872,"depth":150,"text":84875},{"id":84966,"depth":150,"text":84969},{"id":85028,"depth":102,"text":86461},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85163,"depth":102,"text":86463},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85310,"depth":102,"text":86465,"children":86466},"Using min() with a key function",[86467,86468],{"id":85338,"depth":150,"text":85339},{"id":85413,"depth":150,"text":85414},{"id":85635,"depth":102,"text":86470},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10855,"depth":102,"text":10856,"children":86472},[86473,86475,86476],{"id":85777,"depth":150,"text":86474},"Empty list without default",{"id":85867,"depth":150,"text":85868},{"id":86020,"depth":150,"text":86021},{"id":86167,"depth":102,"text":86478},"When to use min()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":86481},[86482,86484,86486,86487,86489],{"id":86357,"depth":150,"text":86483},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86365,"depth":150,"text":86485},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71580,"depth":150,"text":71581},{"id":86383,"depth":150,"text":86488},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86399,"depth":150,"text":86490},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84537,"description":86492},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86499,"title":86500,"body":86501,"description":88680,"extension":2080,"meta":88681,"navigation":682,"path":88682,"seo":88683,"stem":88684,"__hash__":88685},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86502,"toc":88644},[86503,86506,86512,86518,86520,86601,86610,86614,86619,86621,86666,86668,86748,86754,86756,86759,86791,86793,86811,86813,86886,86888,86907,86911,86914,86950,86952,87019,87093,87166,87171,87175,87181,87184,87201,87204,87206,87267,87269,87289,87295,87299,87302,87372,87375,87394,87399,87475,87478,87482,87488,87492,87497,87567,87571,87576,87650,87654,87657,87732,87743,87747,87752,87842,87847,87915,87918,87937,87948,87952,87955,87960,87963,88025,88028,88039,88044,88047,88050,88055,88058,88061,88065,88068,88074,88077,88088,88090,88152,88167,88173,88176,88179,88190,88201,88207,88210,88212,88274,88284,88290,88295,88301,88305,88311,88314,88335,88337,88342,88369,88372,88399,88402,88441,88444,88482,88485,88546,88549,88551,88555,88558,88562,88568,88576,88584,88588,88591,88595,88601,88603,88641],[10,86504,86500],{"id":86505},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86507,86508,86511],{},[15,86509,86510],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86513,86514,86515,86517],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86516,86510],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86519,33],{"id":32},[35,86521,86523],{"className":37,"code":86522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86524,86525,86574,86590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86526,86527,86530,86533,86535,86537,86540,86542,86544,86546,86548,86550,86552,86555,86557,86559,86562,86564,86566,86568,86572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86528,86529],{"class":4002},"with",[44,86531,86532],{"class":153}," open",[44,86534,157],{"class":58},[44,86536,63],{"class":62},[44,86538,86539],{"class":66},"example.txt",[44,86541,63],{"class":62},[44,86543,83],{"class":58},[44,86545,75],{"class":62},[44,86547,60439],{"class":66},[44,86549,63],{"class":62},[44,86551,83],{"class":58},[44,86553,86554],{"class":463}," encoding",[44,86556,55],{"class":54},[44,86558,63],{"class":62},[44,86560,86561],{"class":66},"utf-8",[44,86563,63],{"class":62},[44,86565,3786],{"class":58},[44,86567,47287],{"class":4002},[44,86569,86571],{"class":86570},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86573,6523],{"class":58},[44,86575,86576,86579,86581,86583,86585,86588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86577,86578],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86580,55],{"class":54},[44,86582,86571],{"class":86570},[44,86584,108],{"class":58},[44,86586,86587],{"class":111},"read",[44,86589,1635],{"class":58},[44,86591,86592,86594,86596,86599],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,86593,8200],{"class":153},[44,86595,157],{"class":58},[44,86597,86598],{"class":111},"content",[44,86600,162],{"class":58},[20,86602,172,86603,86605,86606,86609],{},[15,86604,86529],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86607,86608],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86611,86613],{"id":86612},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86615,86616,86618],{},[15,86617,86510],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86620,11564],{},[192,86622,86623,86626,86631,86636],{},[195,86624,86625],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[195,86627,40832,86628,86630],{},[3868,86629,4762],{}," read or write anything by itself",[195,86632,17500,86633],{},[3868,86634,86635],{},"file object",[195,86637,86638,86639],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[192,86640,86641,86646,86651,86656,86661],{},[195,86642,86643],{},[15,86644,86645],{},"read()",[195,86647,86648],{},[15,86649,86650],{},"readline()",[195,86652,86653],{},[15,86654,86655],{},"readlines()",[195,86657,86658],{},[15,86659,86660],{},"write()",[195,86662,86663],{},[15,86664,86665],{},"close()",[20,86667,223],{},[35,86669,86671],{"className":37,"code":86670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86672,86673,86712,86727,86737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86674,86675,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86676,86677],{"class":86570},"file",[44,86679,13371],{"class":54},[44,86681,86532],{"class":153},[44,86683,157],{"class":58},[44,86685,63],{"class":62},[44,86687,86539],{"class":66},[44,86689,63],{"class":62},[44,86691,83],{"class":58},[44,86693,75],{"class":62},[44,86695,60439],{"class":66},[44,86697,63],{"class":62},[44,86699,83],{"class":58},[44,86701,86554],{"class":463},[44,86703,55],{"class":54},[44,86705,63],{"class":62},[44,86707,86561],{"class":66},[44,86709,63],{"class":62},[44,86711,162],{"class":58},[44,86713,86714,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86715,86716],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86718,55],{"class":54},[44,86720,86571],{"class":86570},[44,86722,108],{"class":58},[44,86724,86587],{"class":111},[44,86726,1635],{"class":58},[44,86728,86729,86731,86733,86735],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,86730,154],{"class":153},[44,86732,157],{"class":58},[44,86734,86598],{"class":111},[44,86736,162],{"class":58},[44,86738,86739,86741,86743,86746],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,86740,86677],{"class":86570},[44,86742,108],{"class":58},[44,86744,86745],{"class":111},"close",[44,86747,1635],{"class":58},[20,86749,86750,86751,86753],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86752,86529],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86755,402],{"id":401},[20,86757,86758],{},"A common form is:",[35,86760,86762],{"className":37,"code":86761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86763,86764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86765,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785,86787,86789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86767,42354],{"class":153},[44,86769,157],{"class":58},[44,86771,86677],{"class":86570},[44,86773,83],{"class":58},[44,86775,86776],{"class":111}," mode",[44,86778,83],{"class":58},[44,86780,86554],{"class":463},[44,86782,55],{"class":54},[44,86784,63],{"class":62},[44,86786,86561],{"class":66},[44,86788,63],{"class":62},[44,86790,162],{"class":58},[20,86792,64980],{},[192,86794,86795,86800,86805],{},[195,86796,86797,86799],{},[15,86798,86677],{}," is the file name or file path",[195,86801,86802,86804],{},[15,86803,20991],{}," controls how the file is opened",[195,86806,86807,86810],{},[15,86808,86809],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86812,223],{},[35,86814,86816],{"className":37,"code":86815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86817,86818,86861,86876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86819,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86821,86529],{"class":4002},[44,86823,86532],{"class":153},[44,86825,157],{"class":58},[44,86827,63],{"class":62},[44,86829,86830],{"class":66},"notes.txt",[44,86832,63],{"class":62},[44,86834,83],{"class":58},[44,86836,75],{"class":62},[44,86838,60439],{"class":66},[44,86840,63],{"class":62},[44,86842,83],{"class":58},[44,86844,86554],{"class":463},[44,86846,55],{"class":54},[44,86848,63],{"class":62},[44,86850,86561],{"class":66},[44,86852,63],{"class":62},[44,86854,3786],{"class":58},[44,86856,47287],{"class":4002},[44,86858,86571],{"class":86570},[44,86860,6523],{"class":58},[44,86862,86863,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86864,86865],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86867,55],{"class":54},[44,86869,86571],{"class":86570},[44,86871,108],{"class":58},[44,86873,86587],{"class":111},[44,86875,1635],{"class":58},[44,86877,86878,86880,86882,86884],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,86879,8200],{"class":153},[44,86881,157],{"class":58},[44,86883,34629],{"class":111},[44,86885,162],{"class":58},[20,86887,20031],{},[192,86889,86890,86896,86901],{},[195,86891,86892,86895],{},[15,86893,86894],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[195,86897,86898,86900],{},[15,86899,86608],{}," means open for reading",[195,86902,86903,86906],{},[15,86904,86905],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,86908,86910],{"id":86909},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86912,86913],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[192,86915,86916,86921,86927,86932,86938,86944],{},[195,86917,86918,86920],{},[15,86919,86608],{}," = read a text file",[195,86922,86923,86926],{},[15,86924,86925],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[195,86928,86929,86931],{},[15,86930,18174],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[195,86933,86934,86937],{},[15,86935,86936],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[195,86939,86940,86943],{},[15,86941,86942],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[195,86945,86946,86949],{},[15,86947,86948],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86951,2243],{},[35,86953,86955],{"className":37,"code":86954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86956,86957,86962,87005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86958,86959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86960,86961],{"class":168},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86963,86964,86966,86968,86970,86972,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001,87003],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,86965,86529],{"class":4002},[44,86967,86532],{"class":153},[44,86969,157],{"class":58},[44,86971,63],{"class":62},[44,86973,86974],{"class":66},"data.txt",[44,86976,63],{"class":62},[44,86978,83],{"class":58},[44,86980,75],{"class":62},[44,86982,60439],{"class":66},[44,86984,63],{"class":62},[44,86986,83],{"class":58},[44,86988,86554],{"class":463},[44,86990,55],{"class":54},[44,86992,63],{"class":62},[44,86994,86561],{"class":66},[44,86996,63],{"class":62},[44,86998,3786],{"class":58},[44,87000,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87002,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87004,6523],{"class":58},[44,87006,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87008,8200],{"class":153},[44,87010,157],{"class":58},[44,87012,86677],{"class":86570},[44,87014,108],{"class":58},[44,87016,86587],{"class":111},[44,87018,7325],{"class":58},[35,87020,87022],{"className":37,"code":87021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87023,87024,87029,87071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87025,87026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87027,87028],{"class":168},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,87030,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87032,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87034,86532],{"class":153},[44,87036,157],{"class":58},[44,87038,63],{"class":62},[44,87040,86974],{"class":66},[44,87042,63],{"class":62},[44,87044,83],{"class":58},[44,87046,75],{"class":62},[44,87048,60422],{"class":66},[44,87050,63],{"class":62},[44,87052,83],{"class":58},[44,87054,86554],{"class":463},[44,87056,55],{"class":54},[44,87058,63],{"class":62},[44,87060,86561],{"class":66},[44,87062,63],{"class":62},[44,87064,3786],{"class":58},[44,87066,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87068,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87070,6523],{"class":58},[44,87072,87073,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87089,87091],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87074,87075],{"class":86570},"    file",[44,87077,108],{"class":58},[44,87079,70130],{"class":111},[44,87081,157],{"class":58},[44,87083,63],{"class":62},[44,87085,34788],{"class":66},[44,87087,87088],{"class":34373},"\\n",[44,87090,63],{"class":62},[44,87092,162],{"class":58},[35,87094,87096],{"className":37,"code":87095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87097,87098,87103,87145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87099,87100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87101,87102],{"class":168},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,87104,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141,87143],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87106,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87108,86532],{"class":153},[44,87110,157],{"class":58},[44,87112,63],{"class":62},[44,87114,86974],{"class":66},[44,87116,63],{"class":62},[44,87118,83],{"class":58},[44,87120,75],{"class":62},[44,87122,395],{"class":66},[44,87124,63],{"class":62},[44,87126,83],{"class":58},[44,87128,86554],{"class":463},[44,87130,55],{"class":54},[44,87132,63],{"class":62},[44,87134,86561],{"class":66},[44,87136,63],{"class":62},[44,87138,3786],{"class":58},[44,87140,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87142,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87144,6523],{"class":58},[44,87146,87147,87149,87151,87153,87155,87157,87160,87162,87164],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87148,87075],{"class":86570},[44,87150,108],{"class":58},[44,87152,70130],{"class":111},[44,87154,157],{"class":58},[44,87156,63],{"class":62},[44,87158,87159],{"class":66},"Another line",[44,87161,87088],{"class":34373},[44,87163,63],{"class":62},[44,87165,162],{"class":58},[20,87167,69282,87168,87170],{},[15,87169,86925],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,87172,87174],{"id":87173},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87176,87177,22046,87179,108],{},[15,87178,86510],{},[3868,87180,86635],{},[20,87182,87183],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[192,87185,87186,87191,87196],{},[195,87187,87188],{},[15,87189,87190],{},"file.read()",[195,87192,87193],{},[15,87194,87195],{},"file.write()",[195,87197,87198],{},[15,87199,87200],{},"file.close()",[20,87202,87203],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87205,223],{},[35,87207,87209],{"className":37,"code":87208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87210,87211,87253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87212,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235,87237,87239,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87214,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87216,86532],{"class":153},[44,87218,157],{"class":58},[44,87220,63],{"class":62},[44,87222,86539],{"class":66},[44,87224,63],{"class":62},[44,87226,83],{"class":58},[44,87228,75],{"class":62},[44,87230,60439],{"class":66},[44,87232,63],{"class":62},[44,87234,83],{"class":58},[44,87236,86554],{"class":463},[44,87238,55],{"class":54},[44,87240,63],{"class":62},[44,87242,86561],{"class":66},[44,87244,63],{"class":62},[44,87246,3786],{"class":58},[44,87248,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87250,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87252,6523],{"class":58},[44,87254,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87256,8200],{"class":153},[44,87258,157],{"class":58},[44,87260,1862],{"class":1861},[44,87262,157],{"class":58},[44,87264,86677],{"class":86570},[44,87266,1869],{"class":58},[20,87268,30096],{},[35,87270,87272],{"className":37,"code":87271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87273,87274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87275,87276,87278,87280,87282,87285,87287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87277,3411],{"class":54},[44,87279,3414],{"class":2182},[44,87281,352],{"class":62},[44,87283,87284],{"class":66},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,87286,343],{"class":62},[44,87288,3423],{"class":54},[20,87290,87291,87292,87294],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87293,86510],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,87296,87298],{"id":87297},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87300,87301],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,87303,87304],{"className":37,"code":86522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87305,87306,87348,87362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87307,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336,87338,87340,87342,87344,87346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87309,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87311,86532],{"class":153},[44,87313,157],{"class":58},[44,87315,63],{"class":62},[44,87317,86539],{"class":66},[44,87319,63],{"class":62},[44,87321,83],{"class":58},[44,87323,75],{"class":62},[44,87325,60439],{"class":66},[44,87327,63],{"class":62},[44,87329,83],{"class":58},[44,87331,86554],{"class":463},[44,87333,55],{"class":54},[44,87335,63],{"class":62},[44,87337,86561],{"class":66},[44,87339,63],{"class":62},[44,87341,3786],{"class":58},[44,87343,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87345,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87347,6523],{"class":58},[44,87349,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87351,86578],{"class":50},[44,87353,55],{"class":54},[44,87355,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87357,108],{"class":58},[44,87359,86587],{"class":111},[44,87361,1635],{"class":58},[44,87363,87364,87366,87368,87370],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87365,8200],{"class":153},[44,87367,157],{"class":58},[44,87369,86598],{"class":111},[44,87371,162],{"class":58},[20,87373,87374],{},"Why this is recommended:",[192,87376,87377,87382,87388,87391],{},[195,87378,87379,87381],{},[15,87380,86529],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[195,87383,87384,87385,87387],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87386,86665],{}," yourself",[195,87389,87390],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[195,87392,87393],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87395,83687,87396,87398],{},[15,87397,86529],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87400,87401],{"className":37,"code":86670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87402,87403,87441,87455,87465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87404,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87406,86677],{"class":86570},[44,87408,13371],{"class":54},[44,87410,86532],{"class":153},[44,87412,157],{"class":58},[44,87414,63],{"class":62},[44,87416,86539],{"class":66},[44,87418,63],{"class":62},[44,87420,83],{"class":58},[44,87422,75],{"class":62},[44,87424,60439],{"class":66},[44,87426,63],{"class":62},[44,87428,83],{"class":58},[44,87430,86554],{"class":463},[44,87432,55],{"class":54},[44,87434,63],{"class":62},[44,87436,86561],{"class":66},[44,87438,63],{"class":62},[44,87440,162],{"class":58},[44,87442,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87444,86716],{"class":50},[44,87446,55],{"class":54},[44,87448,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87450,108],{"class":58},[44,87452,86587],{"class":111},[44,87454,1635],{"class":58},[44,87456,87457,87459,87461,87463],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87458,154],{"class":153},[44,87460,157],{"class":58},[44,87462,86598],{"class":111},[44,87464,162],{"class":58},[44,87466,87467,87469,87471,87473],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,87468,86677],{"class":86570},[44,87470,108],{"class":58},[44,87472,86745],{"class":111},[44,87474,1635],{"class":58},[20,87476,87477],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87479,87481],{"id":87480},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87483,87484,87485,87487],{},"Use mode ",[15,87486,86608],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1960,87489,87491],{"id":87490},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87493,87494,87496],{},[15,87495,86645],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87498,87499],{"className":37,"code":86522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87500,87501,87543,87557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87502,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87504,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87506,86532],{"class":153},[44,87508,157],{"class":58},[44,87510,63],{"class":62},[44,87512,86539],{"class":66},[44,87514,63],{"class":62},[44,87516,83],{"class":58},[44,87518,75],{"class":62},[44,87520,60439],{"class":66},[44,87522,63],{"class":62},[44,87524,83],{"class":58},[44,87526,86554],{"class":463},[44,87528,55],{"class":54},[44,87530,63],{"class":62},[44,87532,86561],{"class":66},[44,87534,63],{"class":62},[44,87536,3786],{"class":58},[44,87538,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87540,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87542,6523],{"class":58},[44,87544,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87546,86578],{"class":50},[44,87548,55],{"class":54},[44,87550,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87552,108],{"class":58},[44,87554,86587],{"class":111},[44,87556,1635],{"class":58},[44,87558,87559,87561,87563,87565],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87560,8200],{"class":153},[44,87562,157],{"class":58},[44,87564,86598],{"class":111},[44,87566,162],{"class":58},[1960,87568,87570],{"id":87569},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87572,87573,87575],{},[15,87574,86650],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87577,87579],{"className":37,"code":87578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87580,87581,87623,87639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87582,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87584,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87586,86532],{"class":153},[44,87588,157],{"class":58},[44,87590,63],{"class":62},[44,87592,86539],{"class":66},[44,87594,63],{"class":62},[44,87596,83],{"class":58},[44,87598,75],{"class":62},[44,87600,60439],{"class":66},[44,87602,63],{"class":62},[44,87604,83],{"class":58},[44,87606,86554],{"class":463},[44,87608,55],{"class":54},[44,87610,63],{"class":62},[44,87612,86561],{"class":66},[44,87614,63],{"class":62},[44,87616,3786],{"class":58},[44,87618,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87620,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87622,6523],{"class":58},[44,87624,87625,87628,87630,87632,87634,87637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87626,87627],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87629,55],{"class":54},[44,87631,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87633,108],{"class":58},[44,87635,87636],{"class":111},"readline",[44,87638,1635],{"class":58},[44,87640,87641,87643,87645,87648],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87642,8200],{"class":153},[44,87644,157],{"class":58},[44,87646,87647],{"class":111},"first_line",[44,87649,162],{"class":58},[1960,87651,87653],{"id":87652},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87655,87656],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87658,87660],{"className":37,"code":87659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87661,87662,87704,87718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87663,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682,87684,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696,87698,87700,87702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87665,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87667,86532],{"class":153},[44,87669,157],{"class":58},[44,87671,63],{"class":62},[44,87673,86539],{"class":66},[44,87675,63],{"class":62},[44,87677,83],{"class":58},[44,87679,75],{"class":62},[44,87681,60439],{"class":66},[44,87683,63],{"class":62},[44,87685,83],{"class":58},[44,87687,86554],{"class":463},[44,87689,55],{"class":54},[44,87691,63],{"class":62},[44,87693,86561],{"class":66},[44,87695,63],{"class":62},[44,87697,3786],{"class":58},[44,87699,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87701,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87703,6523],{"class":58},[44,87705,87706,87709,87712,87714,87716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87707,87708],{"class":4002},"    for",[44,87710,87711],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87713,4009],{"class":4002},[44,87715,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87717,6523],{"class":58},[44,87719,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87721,47267],{"class":153},[44,87723,157],{"class":58},[44,87725,46],{"class":111},[44,87727,108],{"class":58},[44,87729,8765],{"class":111},[44,87731,7325],{"class":58},[20,87733,87734,87735,2997,87739,108],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[395,87736,87738],{"href":87737},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[395,87740,87742],{"href":87741},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87744,87746],{"id":87745},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87748,172,87749,87751],{},[15,87750,86925],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87753,87755],{"className":37,"code":87754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87756,87757,87800,87821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87758,87759,87761,87763,87765,87767,87770,87772,87774,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87760,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87762,86532],{"class":153},[44,87764,157],{"class":58},[44,87766,63],{"class":62},[44,87768,87769],{"class":66},"output.txt",[44,87771,63],{"class":62},[44,87773,83],{"class":58},[44,87775,75],{"class":62},[44,87777,60422],{"class":66},[44,87779,63],{"class":62},[44,87781,83],{"class":58},[44,87783,86554],{"class":463},[44,87785,55],{"class":54},[44,87787,63],{"class":62},[44,87789,86561],{"class":66},[44,87791,63],{"class":62},[44,87793,3786],{"class":58},[44,87795,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87797,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87799,6523],{"class":58},[44,87801,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87815,87817,87819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87803,87075],{"class":86570},[44,87805,108],{"class":58},[44,87807,70130],{"class":111},[44,87809,157],{"class":58},[44,87811,63],{"class":62},[44,87813,87814],{"class":66},"First line",[44,87816,87088],{"class":34373},[44,87818,63],{"class":62},[44,87820,162],{"class":58},[44,87822,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87836,87838,87840],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,87824,87075],{"class":86570},[44,87826,108],{"class":58},[44,87828,70130],{"class":111},[44,87830,157],{"class":58},[44,87832,63],{"class":62},[44,87834,87835],{"class":66},"Second line",[44,87837,87088],{"class":34373},[44,87839,63],{"class":62},[44,87841,162],{"class":58},[20,87843,172,87844,87846],{},[15,87845,18174],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87848,87850],{"className":37,"code":87849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87851,87852,87894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87853,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87855,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87857,86532],{"class":153},[44,87859,157],{"class":58},[44,87861,63],{"class":62},[44,87863,87769],{"class":66},[44,87865,63],{"class":62},[44,87867,83],{"class":58},[44,87869,75],{"class":62},[44,87871,395],{"class":66},[44,87873,63],{"class":62},[44,87875,83],{"class":58},[44,87877,86554],{"class":463},[44,87879,55],{"class":54},[44,87881,63],{"class":62},[44,87883,86561],{"class":66},[44,87885,63],{"class":62},[44,87887,3786],{"class":58},[44,87889,47287],{"class":4002},[44,87891,86571],{"class":86570},[44,87893,6523],{"class":58},[44,87895,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904,87906,87909,87911,87913],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,87897,87075],{"class":86570},[44,87899,108],{"class":58},[44,87901,70130],{"class":111},[44,87903,157],{"class":58},[44,87905,63],{"class":62},[44,87907,87908],{"class":66},"Third line",[44,87910,87088],{"class":34373},[44,87912,63],{"class":62},[44,87914,162],{"class":58},[20,87916,87917],{},"Important detail:",[192,87919,87920,87925,87932],{},[195,87921,87922,87924],{},[15,87923,86660],{}," writes a string",[195,87926,87927,14140,87929,87931],{},[15,87928,86660],{},[3868,87930,4762],{}," add a newline for you",[195,87933,87934,87935,87387],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87936,87088],{},[20,87938,87939,87940,2997,87944,108],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[395,87941,87943],{"href":87942},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[395,87945,87947],{"href":87946},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,87949,87951],{"id":87950},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87953,87954],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1960,87956,87958],{"id":87957},"encodingutf-8",[15,87959,86905],{},[20,87961,87962],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87964,87966],{"className":37,"code":87965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87967,87968,88011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87969,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88007,88009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87971,86529],{"class":4002},[44,87973,86532],{"class":153},[44,87975,157],{"class":58},[44,87977,63],{"class":62},[44,87979,87980],{"class":66},"message.txt",[44,87982,63],{"class":62},[44,87984,83],{"class":58},[44,87986,75],{"class":62},[44,87988,60439],{"class":66},[44,87990,63],{"class":62},[44,87992,83],{"class":58},[44,87994,86554],{"class":463},[44,87996,55],{"class":54},[44,87998,63],{"class":62},[44,88000,86561],{"class":66},[44,88002,63],{"class":62},[44,88004,3786],{"class":58},[44,88006,47287],{"class":4002},[44,88008,86571],{"class":86570},[44,88010,6523],{"class":58},[44,88012,88013,88015,88017,88019,88021,88023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88014,8200],{"class":153},[44,88016,157],{"class":58},[44,88018,86677],{"class":86570},[44,88020,108],{"class":58},[44,88022,86587],{"class":111},[44,88024,7325],{"class":58},[20,88026,88027],{},"Why it matters:",[192,88029,88030,88033,88036],{},[195,88031,88032],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[195,88034,88035],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[195,88037,88038],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1960,88040,88042],{"id":88041},"newline",[15,88043,88041],{},[20,88045,88046],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88048,88049],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1960,88051,88053],{"id":88052},"buffering",[15,88054,88052],{},[20,88056,88057],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88059,88060],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,88062,88064],{"id":88063},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88066,88067],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1960,88069,88071],{"id":88070},"filenotfounderror",[15,88072,88073],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88075,88076],{},"This happens when:",[192,88078,88079,88082,88085],{},[195,88080,88081],{},"the file does not exist",[195,88083,88084],{},"the path is wrong",[195,88086,88087],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88089,223],{},[35,88091,88093],{"className":37,"code":88092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88094,88095,88138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88096,88097,88099,88101,88103,88105,88108,88110,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88130,88132,88134,88136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88098,86529],{"class":4002},[44,88100,86532],{"class":153},[44,88102,157],{"class":58},[44,88104,63],{"class":62},[44,88106,88107],{"class":66},"missing.txt",[44,88109,63],{"class":62},[44,88111,83],{"class":58},[44,88113,75],{"class":62},[44,88115,60439],{"class":66},[44,88117,63],{"class":62},[44,88119,83],{"class":58},[44,88121,86554],{"class":463},[44,88123,55],{"class":54},[44,88125,63],{"class":62},[44,88127,86561],{"class":66},[44,88129,63],{"class":62},[44,88131,3786],{"class":58},[44,88133,47287],{"class":4002},[44,88135,86571],{"class":86570},[44,88137,6523],{"class":58},[44,88139,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148,88150],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88141,8200],{"class":153},[44,88143,157],{"class":58},[44,88145,86677],{"class":86570},[44,88147,108],{"class":58},[44,88149,86587],{"class":111},[44,88151,7325],{"class":58},[20,88153,88154,88155,4523,88163,108],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[395,88156,88158,88159,88162],{"href":88157},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,88160,88161],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[395,88164,88166],{"href":88165},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1960,88168,88170],{"id":88169},"permissionerror",[15,88171,88172],{},"PermissionError",[20,88174,88175],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88177,88178],{},"Example causes:",[192,88180,88181,88184,88187],{},[195,88182,88183],{},"the file is protected",[195,88185,88186],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[195,88188,88189],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88191,88192,88193],{},"Related page: ",[395,88194,88196,88197,88200],{"href":88195},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,88198,88199],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1960,88202,88204],{"id":88203},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88205,88206],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88208,88209],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88211,223],{},[35,88213,88215],{"className":37,"code":88214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88216,88217,88260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88218,88219,88221,88223,88225,88227,88230,88232,88234,88236,88238,88240,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88220,86529],{"class":4002},[44,88222,86532],{"class":153},[44,88224,157],{"class":58},[44,88226,63],{"class":62},[44,88228,88229],{"class":66},"my_folder",[44,88231,63],{"class":62},[44,88233,83],{"class":58},[44,88235,75],{"class":62},[44,88237,60439],{"class":66},[44,88239,63],{"class":62},[44,88241,83],{"class":58},[44,88243,86554],{"class":463},[44,88245,55],{"class":54},[44,88247,63],{"class":62},[44,88249,86561],{"class":66},[44,88251,63],{"class":62},[44,88253,3786],{"class":58},[44,88255,47287],{"class":4002},[44,88257,86571],{"class":86570},[44,88259,6523],{"class":58},[44,88261,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88263,8200],{"class":153},[44,88265,157],{"class":58},[44,88267,86677],{"class":86570},[44,88269,108],{"class":58},[44,88271,86587],{"class":111},[44,88273,7325],{"class":58},[20,88275,88192,88276],{},[395,88277,88279,88280,88283],{"href":88278},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,88281,88282],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1960,88285,88287],{"id":88286},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88288,88289],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88291,88292,88293,108],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88294,86510],{},[20,88296,88192,88297],{},[395,88298,88300],{"href":88299},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,88302,88304],{"id":88303},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88306,88307,88308,88310],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88309,86510],{}," function.",[20,88312,88313],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[192,88315,88316,88319,88322,88328],{},[195,88317,88318],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[195,88320,88321],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[195,88323,88324,88325,88327],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88326,86510],{}," itself",[195,88329,88330,88331],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[395,88332,88334],{"href":88333},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88336,1803],{"id":1802},[20,88338,88339,88340,72],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88341,86510],{},[192,88343,88344,88349,88355,88360,88363,88366],{},[195,88345,567,88346,88348],{},[15,88347,86608],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[195,88350,88351,88352,88354],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88353,86809],{}," for text files",[195,88356,567,88357,88359],{},[15,88358,86925],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[195,88361,88362],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[195,88364,88365],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[195,88367,88368],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88370,88371],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88373,88375],{"className":37,"code":88374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88376,88377,88384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88378,88379,88381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88380,35012],{"class":4002},[44,88382,88383],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88385,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394,88397],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88387,154],{"class":153},[44,88389,157],{"class":58},[44,88391,42553],{"class":111},[44,88393,108],{"class":58},[44,88395,88396],{"class":111},"getcwd",[44,88398,7325],{"class":58},[20,88400,88401],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88403,88405],{"className":37,"code":88404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88406,88407,88413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88408,88409,88411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88410,35012],{"class":4002},[44,88412,88383],{"class":50},[44,88414,88415,88417,88419,88421,88423,88426,88428,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88416,154],{"class":153},[44,88418,157],{"class":58},[44,88420,42553],{"class":111},[44,88422,108],{"class":58},[44,88424,88425],{"class":1923},"path",[44,88427,108],{"class":58},[44,88429,88430],{"class":111},"exists",[44,88432,157],{"class":58},[44,88434,63],{"class":62},[44,88436,86539],{"class":66},[44,88438,63],{"class":62},[44,88440,1869],{"class":58},[20,88442,88443],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88445,88447],{"className":37,"code":88446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88448,88449,88455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88450,88451,88453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88452,35012],{"class":4002},[44,88454,88383],{"class":50},[44,88456,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88472,88474,88476,88478,88480],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88458,154],{"class":153},[44,88460,157],{"class":58},[44,88462,42553],{"class":111},[44,88464,108],{"class":58},[44,88466,88425],{"class":1923},[44,88468,108],{"class":58},[44,88470,88471],{"class":111},"isfile",[44,88473,157],{"class":58},[44,88475,63],{"class":62},[44,88477,86539],{"class":66},[44,88479,63],{"class":62},[44,88481,1869],{"class":58},[20,88483,88484],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88486,88488],{"className":37,"code":88487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88489,88490,88532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88491,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502,88504,88506,88508,88510,88512,88514,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88493,86529],{"class":4002},[44,88495,86532],{"class":153},[44,88497,157],{"class":58},[44,88499,63],{"class":62},[44,88501,86539],{"class":66},[44,88503,63],{"class":62},[44,88505,83],{"class":58},[44,88507,75],{"class":62},[44,88509,60439],{"class":66},[44,88511,63],{"class":62},[44,88513,83],{"class":58},[44,88515,86554],{"class":463},[44,88517,55],{"class":54},[44,88519,63],{"class":62},[44,88521,86561],{"class":66},[44,88523,63],{"class":62},[44,88525,3786],{"class":58},[44,88527,47287],{"class":4002},[44,88529,86571],{"class":86570},[44,88531,6523],{"class":58},[44,88533,88534,88536,88538,88540,88542,88544],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88535,8200],{"class":153},[44,88537,157],{"class":58},[44,88539,86677],{"class":86570},[44,88541,108],{"class":58},[44,88543,86587],{"class":111},[44,88545,7325],{"class":58},[20,88547,88548],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88550,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,88552,88554],{"id":88553},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88556,88557],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1960,88559,88561],{"id":88560},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88563,88564,88565,88567],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88566,86529],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1960,88569,2007,88571,4523,88573,88575],{"id":88570},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88572,86925],{},[15,88574,18174],{}," mode?",[20,88577,88578,88580,88581,88583],{},[15,88579,86925],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88582,18174],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1960,88585,88587],{"id":88586},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88589,88590],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1960,88592,88594],{"id":88593},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88596,88597,88598,88600],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88599,86905],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88602,2020],{"id":2019},[192,88604,88605,88609,88613,88617,88621,88625,88629,88635],{},[195,88606,88607],{},[395,88608,87738],{"href":87737},[195,88610,88611],{},[395,88612,87943],{"href":87942},[195,88614,88615],{},[395,88616,87947],{"href":87946},[195,88618,88619],{},[395,88620,87742],{"href":87741},[195,88622,88623],{},[395,88624,88334],{"href":88333},[195,88626,88627],{},[395,88628,88166],{"href":88165},[195,88630,88631],{},[395,88632,88158,88633,88162],{"href":88157},[44,88634,88161],{},[195,88636,88637],{},[395,88638,88196,88639,88200],{"href":88195},[44,88640,88199],{},[2048,88642,88643],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":88645},[88646,88647,88648,88649,88650,88651,88652,88657,88658,88663,88669,88670,88671,88679],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":86612,"depth":102,"text":86613},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":86909,"depth":102,"text":86910},{"id":87173,"depth":102,"text":87174},{"id":87297,"depth":102,"text":87298},{"id":87480,"depth":102,"text":87481,"children":88653},[88654,88655,88656],{"id":87490,"depth":150,"text":87491},{"id":87569,"depth":150,"text":87570},{"id":87652,"depth":150,"text":87653},{"id":87745,"depth":102,"text":87746},{"id":87950,"depth":102,"text":87951,"children":88659},[88660,88661,88662],{"id":87957,"depth":150,"text":86905},{"id":88041,"depth":150,"text":88041},{"id":88052,"depth":150,"text":88052},{"id":88063,"depth":102,"text":88064,"children":88664},[88665,88666,88667,88668],{"id":88070,"depth":150,"text":88073},{"id":88169,"depth":150,"text":88172},{"id":88203,"depth":150,"text":88206},{"id":88286,"depth":150,"text":88289},{"id":88303,"depth":102,"text":88304},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":88672},[88673,88674,88675,88677,88678],{"id":88553,"depth":150,"text":88554},{"id":88560,"depth":150,"text":88561},{"id":88570,"depth":150,"text":88676},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88586,"depth":150,"text":88587},{"id":88593,"depth":150,"text":88594},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86500,"description":88680},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88687,"title":88688,"body":88689,"description":90684,"extension":2080,"meta":90685,"navigation":682,"path":90686,"seo":90687,"stem":90688,"__hash__":90689},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88690,"toc":90631},[88691,88696,88701,88707,88709,88777,88779,88798,88803,88808,88813,88816,88828,88830,88873,88875,88893,88904,88906,88908,88933,88935,88946,88948,89008,89010,89036,89039,89043,89048,89052,89055,89089,89093,89096,89121,89125,89148,89152,89185,89190,89194,89199,89202,89270,89272,89296,89301,89304,89335,89337,89369,89386,89390,89395,89419,89426,89431,89436,89439,89443,89478,89480,89489,89493,89584,89586,89617,89622,89629,89634,89643,89646,89680,89682,89696,89700,89741,89743,89752,89756,89804,89806,89820,89825,89836,89843,89849,89851,89886,89888,89902,89905,89927,89933,89962,89973,89979,89985,89999,90001,90080,90082,90132,90139,90141,90146,90150,90153,90168,90173,90175,90194,90200,90203,90218,90220,90238,90244,90249,90279,90282,90305,90308,90335,90342,90348,90356,90379,90384,90392,90394,90414,90418,90424,90474,90477,90499,90501,90507,90515,90521,90527,90535,90540,90544,90547,90570,90575,90582,90594,90596,90628],[10,88692,3697,88694,3701],{"id":88693},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88695,46381],{},[20,88697,32236,88698,88700],{},[15,88699,46381],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88702,88703,88704,88706],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88705,46381],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88708,33],{"id":32},[35,88710,88712],{"className":37,"code":88711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88713,88714,88726,88735,88739,88749,88759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88715,88716,88718,88720,88722,88724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88717,8007],{"class":50},[44,88719,55],{"class":54},[44,88721,75],{"class":62},[44,88723,8052],{"class":66},[44,88725,3479],{"class":62},[44,88727,88728,88730,88732],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88729,21699],{"class":50},[44,88731,55],{"class":54},[44,88733,88734],{"class":95}," 12\n",[44,88736,88737],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,88738,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,88740,88741,88743,88745,88747],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,88742,154],{"class":153},[44,88744,157],{"class":58},[44,88746,67],{"class":111},[44,88748,162],{"class":58},[44,88750,88751,88753,88755,88757],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,88752,154],{"class":153},[44,88754,157],{"class":58},[44,88756,88],{"class":111},[44,88758,162],{"class":58},[44,88760,88761,88763,88765,88767,88769,88771,88773,88775],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,88762,154],{"class":153},[44,88764,157],{"class":58},[44,88766,63],{"class":62},[44,88768,34788],{"class":66},[44,88770,63],{"class":62},[44,88772,83],{"class":58},[44,88774,35914],{"class":111},[44,88776,162],{"class":58},[20,88778,330],{},[35,88780,88782],{"className":37,"code":88781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88783,88784,88789,88793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88785,88786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88787,88788],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88790,88791],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88792,2343],{"class":95},[44,88794,88795],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,88796,88797],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88799,172,88800,88802],{},[15,88801,46381],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88804,179,88806,182],{"id":88805},"what-print-does",[15,88807,46381],{},[20,88809,88810,88812],{},[15,88811,46381],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88814,88815],{},"You can use it to display:",[192,88817,88818,88820,88822,88825],{},[195,88819,34629],{},[195,88821,3773],{},[195,88823,88824],{},"variables",[195,88826,88827],{},"expressions",[20,88829,223],{},[35,88831,88833],{"className":37,"code":88832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88834,88835,88849,88859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88836,88837,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88838,154],{"class":153},[44,88840,157],{"class":58},[44,88842,63],{"class":62},[44,88844,34788],{"class":66},[44,88846,63],{"class":62},[44,88848,162],{"class":58},[44,88850,88851,88853,88855,88857],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88852,154],{"class":153},[44,88854,157],{"class":58},[44,88856,2254],{"class":95},[44,88858,162],{"class":58},[44,88860,88861,88863,88865,88867,88869,88871],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,88862,154],{"class":153},[44,88864,157],{"class":58},[44,88866,2173],{"class":95},[44,88868,2571],{"class":54},[44,88870,1017],{"class":95},[44,88872,162],{"class":58},[20,88874,330],{},[35,88876,88878],{"className":37,"code":88877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88879,88880,88885,88889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88881,88882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88883,88884],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88886,88887],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88888,3066],{"class":95},[44,88890,88891],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,88892,3066],{"class":95},[20,88894,88895,88896,88898,88899,88903],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88897,46381],{}," ",[3868,88900,3816,88901],{},[15,88902,217],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,88905,402],{"id":401},[20,88907,405],{},[35,88909,88911],{"className":37,"code":88910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88912,88913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88914,88915,88917,88919,88922,88924,88927,88929,88931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88916,154],{"class":153},[44,88918,157],{"class":58},[44,88920,88921],{"class":111},"object1",[44,88923,83],{"class":58},[44,88925,88926],{"class":111}," object2",[44,88928,83],{"class":58},[44,88930,34374],{"class":153},[44,88932,162],{"class":58},[20,88934,80138],{},[192,88936,88937,88940,88943],{},[195,88938,88939],{},"one value",[195,88941,88942],{},"many values",[195,88944,88945],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88947,223],{},[35,88949,88951],{"className":37,"code":88950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88952,88953,88967,88986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88954,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963,88965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88956,154],{"class":153},[44,88958,157],{"class":58},[44,88960,63],{"class":62},[44,88962,57701],{"class":66},[44,88964,63],{"class":62},[44,88966,162],{"class":58},[44,88968,88969,88971,88973,88975,88978,88980,88982,88984],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,88970,154],{"class":153},[44,88972,157],{"class":58},[44,88974,63],{"class":62},[44,88976,88977],{"class":66},"Score:",[44,88979,63],{"class":62},[44,88981,83],{"class":58},[44,88983,528],{"class":95},[44,88985,162],{"class":58},[44,88987,88988,88990,88992,88994,88996,88998,89000,89002,89004,89006],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,88989,154],{"class":153},[44,88991,157],{"class":58},[44,88993,63],{"class":62},[44,88995,45492],{"class":66},[44,88997,63],{"class":62},[44,88999,83],{"class":58},[44,89001,2574],{"class":95},[44,89003,2571],{"class":54},[44,89005,37568],{"class":95},[44,89007,162],{"class":58},[20,89009,330],{},[35,89011,89013],{"className":37,"code":89012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89014,89015,89019,89028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89016,89017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89018,85291],{"class":50},[44,89020,89021,89024,89026],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89022,89023],{"class":50},"Score",[44,89025,72],{"class":58},[44,89027,2706],{"class":95},[44,89029,89030,89032,89034],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,89031,45532],{"class":50},[44,89033,72],{"class":58},[44,89035,2706],{"class":95},[20,89037,89038],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,89040,89042],{"id":89041},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89044,89045,89046,108],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89047,46381],{},[1960,89049,89051],{"id":89050},"print-text","Print text",[20,89053,89054],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,89056,89058],{"className":37,"code":89057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89059,89060,89074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89061,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89063,154],{"class":153},[44,89065,157],{"class":58},[44,89067,63],{"class":62},[44,89069,34788],{"class":66},[44,89071,63],{"class":62},[44,89073,162],{"class":58},[44,89075,89076,89078,89080,89082,89085,89087],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89077,154],{"class":153},[44,89079,157],{"class":58},[44,89081,63],{"class":62},[44,89083,89084],{"class":66},"Python is fun",[44,89086,63],{"class":62},[44,89088,162],{"class":58},[1960,89090,89092],{"id":89091},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89094,89095],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,89097,89099],{"className":37,"code":89098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89100,89101,89111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89102,89103,89105,89107,89109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89104,154],{"class":153},[44,89106,157],{"class":58},[44,89108,2254],{"class":95},[44,89110,162],{"class":58},[44,89112,89113,89115,89117,89119],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89114,154],{"class":153},[44,89116,157],{"class":58},[44,89118,40069],{"class":95},[44,89120,162],{"class":58},[1960,89122,89124],{"id":89123},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,89126,89128],{"className":37,"code":89127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89129,89130,89138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89131,89132,89134,89136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89133,5226],{"class":50},[44,89135,55],{"class":54},[44,89137,14217],{"class":95},[44,89139,89140,89142,89144,89146],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89141,154],{"class":153},[44,89143,157],{"class":58},[44,89145,85455],{"class":111},[44,89147,162],{"class":58},[1960,89149,89151],{"id":89150},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,89153,89155],{"className":37,"code":89154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89156,89157,89171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89158,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89160,154],{"class":153},[44,89162,157],{"class":58},[44,89164,2173],{"class":95},[44,89166,2571],{"class":54},[44,89168,1017],{"class":95},[44,89170,162],{"class":58},[44,89172,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89174,154],{"class":153},[44,89176,157],{"class":58},[44,89178,2448],{"class":95},[44,89180,82767],{"class":54},[44,89182,2574],{"class":95},[44,89184,162],{"class":58},[20,89186,89187,89188,108],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[395,89189,50907],{"href":50906},[30,89191,89193],{"id":89192},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89195,89196,89198],{},[15,89197,46381],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89200,89201],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,89203,89205],{"className":37,"code":89204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89206,89207,89220,89228,89232,89251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89208,89209,89211,89213,89215,89218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89210,8007],{"class":50},[44,89212,55],{"class":54},[44,89214,75],{"class":62},[44,89216,89217],{"class":66},"Ava",[44,89219,3479],{"class":62},[44,89221,89222,89224,89226],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89223,21699],{"class":50},[44,89225,55],{"class":54},[44,89227,2706],{"class":95},[44,89229,89230],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,89231,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,89233,89234,89236,89238,89240,89243,89245,89247,89249],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,89235,154],{"class":153},[44,89237,157],{"class":58},[44,89239,63],{"class":62},[44,89241,89242],{"class":66},"Name:",[44,89244,63],{"class":62},[44,89246,83],{"class":58},[44,89248,35914],{"class":111},[44,89250,162],{"class":58},[44,89252,89253,89255,89257,89259,89262,89264,89266,89268],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,89254,154],{"class":153},[44,89256,157],{"class":58},[44,89258,63],{"class":62},[44,89260,89261],{"class":66},"Age:",[44,89263,63],{"class":62},[44,89265,83],{"class":58},[44,89267,9316],{"class":111},[44,89269,162],{"class":58},[20,89271,330],{},[35,89273,89275],{"className":37,"code":89274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89276,89277,89287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89278,89279,89282,89284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89280,89281],{"class":50},"Name",[44,89283,72],{"class":58},[44,89285,89286],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,89288,89289,89292,89294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89290,89291],{"class":50},"Age",[44,89293,72],{"class":58},[44,89295,2706],{"class":95},[20,89297,89298,89299,108],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89300,2176],{},[20,89302,89303],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89305,89307],{"className":37,"code":89306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89308,89309,89317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89310,89311,89313,89315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89312,21699],{"class":50},[44,89314,55],{"class":54},[44,89316,2706],{"class":95},[44,89318,89319,89321,89323,89325,89327,89329,89331,89333],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89320,154],{"class":153},[44,89322,157],{"class":58},[44,89324,63],{"class":62},[44,89326,89261],{"class":66},[44,89328,63],{"class":62},[44,89330,83],{"class":58},[44,89332,9316],{"class":111},[44,89334,162],{"class":58},[20,89336,36850],{},[35,89338,89340],{"className":37,"code":89339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89341,89342,89350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89343,89344,89346,89348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89345,21699],{"class":50},[44,89347,55],{"class":54},[44,89349,2706],{"class":95},[44,89351,89352,89354,89356,89358,89361,89363,89365,89367],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89353,154],{"class":153},[44,89355,157],{"class":58},[44,89357,63],{"class":62},[44,89359,89360],{"class":66},"Age: ",[44,89362,63],{"class":62},[44,89364,2571],{"class":54},[44,89366,9316],{"class":111},[44,89368,162],{"class":58},[20,89370,89371,89372,89375,89376,89378,89379,89381,89382,108],{},"That fails because ",[15,89373,89374],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89377,88],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89380,2176],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[395,89383,89384],{"href":42102},[15,89385,47613],{},[30,89387,89389],{"id":89388},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89391,89392,89394],{},[15,89393,46381],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[192,89396,89397,89403,89408,89413],{},[195,89398,89399,89402],{},[15,89400,89401],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[195,89404,89405,89407],{},[15,89406,52592],{}," controls what is added after the output",[195,89409,89410,89412],{},[15,89411,86677],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[195,89414,89415,89418],{},[15,89416,89417],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89420,89421,89422,4523,89424,108],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89423,89401],{},[15,89425,52592],{},[30,89427,89429,36539],{"id":89428},"sep-argument",[15,89430,89401],{},[20,89432,22,89433,89435],{},[15,89434,89401],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89437,89438],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1960,89440,89442],{"id":89441},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89444,89446],{"className":37,"code":89445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89447,89448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89449,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460,89462,89464,89466,89468,89470,89472,89474,89476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89451,154],{"class":153},[44,89453,157],{"class":58},[44,89455,63],{"class":62},[44,89457,13189],{"class":66},[44,89459,63],{"class":62},[44,89461,83],{"class":58},[44,89463,75],{"class":62},[44,89465,17534],{"class":66},[44,89467,63],{"class":62},[44,89469,83],{"class":58},[44,89471,75],{"class":62},[44,89473,13206],{"class":66},[44,89475,63],{"class":62},[44,89477,162],{"class":58},[20,89479,330],{},[35,89481,89483],{"className":37,"code":89482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89484,89485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89486,89487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89488,89482],{"class":50},[1960,89490,89492],{"id":89491},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89494,89496],{"className":37,"code":89495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89497,89498,89541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89499,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89501,154],{"class":153},[44,89503,157],{"class":58},[44,89505,63],{"class":62},[44,89507,13189],{"class":66},[44,89509,63],{"class":62},[44,89511,83],{"class":58},[44,89513,75],{"class":62},[44,89515,17534],{"class":66},[44,89517,63],{"class":62},[44,89519,83],{"class":58},[44,89521,75],{"class":62},[44,89523,13206],{"class":66},[44,89525,63],{"class":62},[44,89527,83],{"class":58},[44,89529,89530],{"class":463}," sep",[44,89532,55],{"class":54},[44,89534,63],{"class":62},[44,89536,83],{"class":66},[44,89538,63],{"class":62},[44,89540,162],{"class":58},[44,89542,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573,89575,89577,89580,89582],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89544,154],{"class":153},[44,89546,157],{"class":58},[44,89548,63],{"class":62},[44,89550,13189],{"class":66},[44,89552,63],{"class":62},[44,89554,83],{"class":58},[44,89556,75],{"class":62},[44,89558,17534],{"class":66},[44,89560,63],{"class":62},[44,89562,83],{"class":58},[44,89564,75],{"class":62},[44,89566,13206],{"class":66},[44,89568,63],{"class":62},[44,89570,83],{"class":58},[44,89572,89530],{"class":463},[44,89574,55],{"class":54},[44,89576,63],{"class":62},[44,89578,89579],{"class":66}," - ",[44,89581,63],{"class":62},[44,89583,162],{"class":58},[20,89585,330],{},[35,89587,89589],{"className":37,"code":89588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89590,89591,89603],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89592,89593,89595,89597,89599,89601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89594,13189],{"class":50},[44,89596,83],{"class":58},[44,89598,17534],{"class":50},[44,89600,83],{"class":58},[44,89602,69916],{"class":50},[44,89604,89605,89608,89610,89613,89615],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89606,89607],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89609,2138],{"class":54},[44,89611,89612],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89614,2138],{"class":54},[44,89616,35803],{"class":50},[20,89618,89619,89621],{},[15,89620,89401],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89623,89624,89625,108],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[395,89626,89628],{"href":89627},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89630,89632,36539],{"id":89631},"end-argument",[15,89633,52592],{},[20,89635,89636,89637,89639,89640,89642],{},"By default, ",[15,89638,46381],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89641,46381],{}," starts on a new line.",[1960,89644,89442],{"id":89645},"default-behavior-1",[35,89647,89649],{"className":37,"code":89648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89650,89651,89665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89652,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661,89663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89654,154],{"class":153},[44,89656,157],{"class":58},[44,89658,63],{"class":62},[44,89660,34788],{"class":66},[44,89662,63],{"class":62},[44,89664,162],{"class":58},[44,89666,89667,89669,89671,89673,89676,89678],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89668,154],{"class":153},[44,89670,157],{"class":58},[44,89672,63],{"class":62},[44,89674,89675],{"class":66},"World",[44,89677,63],{"class":62},[44,89679,162],{"class":58},[20,89681,330],{},[35,89683,89685],{"className":37,"code":89684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89686,89687,89691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89688,89689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89690,88884],{"class":50},[44,89692,89693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89694,89695],{"class":50},"World\n",[1960,89697,89699],{"id":89698},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89701,89703],{"className":37,"code":89702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89704,89705,89727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89706,89707,89709,89711,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89708,154],{"class":153},[44,89710,157],{"class":58},[44,89712,63],{"class":62},[44,89714,34788],{"class":66},[44,89716,63],{"class":62},[44,89718,83],{"class":58},[44,89720,64975],{"class":463},[44,89722,55],{"class":54},[44,89724,6401],{"class":62},[44,89726,162],{"class":58},[44,89728,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737,89739],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89730,154],{"class":153},[44,89732,157],{"class":58},[44,89734,63],{"class":62},[44,89736,89675],{"class":66},[44,89738,63],{"class":62},[44,89740,162],{"class":58},[20,89742,330],{},[35,89744,89746],{"className":37,"code":89745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89747,89748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89749,89750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89751,89745],{"class":50},[1960,89753,89755],{"id":89754},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89757,89759],{"className":37,"code":89758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89760,89761,89790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89762,89763,89765,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89784,89786,89788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89764,154],{"class":153},[44,89766,157],{"class":58},[44,89768,63],{"class":62},[44,89770,34788],{"class":66},[44,89772,63],{"class":62},[44,89774,83],{"class":58},[44,89776,64975],{"class":463},[44,89778,55],{"class":54},[44,89780,63],{"class":62},[44,89782,89783],{"class":66},"!",[44,89785,87088],{"class":34373},[44,89787,63],{"class":62},[44,89789,162],{"class":58},[44,89791,89792,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89793,154],{"class":153},[44,89795,157],{"class":58},[44,89797,63],{"class":62},[44,89799,89675],{"class":66},[44,89801,63],{"class":62},[44,89803,162],{"class":58},[20,89805,330],{},[35,89807,89809],{"className":37,"code":89808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89810,89811,89816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89812,89813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89814,89815],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89817,89818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89819,89695],{"class":50},[20,89821,22,89822,89824],{},[15,89823,52592],{}," argument is useful for:",[192,89826,89827,89830,89833],{},[195,89828,89829],{},"progress messages",[195,89831,89832],{},"inline output",[195,89834,89835],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,89837,89839,1298,89841],{"id":89838},"print-returns-none",[15,89840,46381],{},[15,89842,217],{},[20,89844,89845,89846,89848],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89847,46381],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89850,223],{},[35,89852,89854],{"className":37,"code":89853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89855,89856,89876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89857,89858,89860,89862,89865,89867,89869,89872,89874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89859,1340],{"class":50},[44,89861,55],{"class":54},[44,89863,89864],{"class":153}," print",[44,89866,157],{"class":58},[44,89868,63],{"class":62},[44,89870,89871],{"class":66},"Hi",[44,89873,63],{"class":62},[44,89875,162],{"class":58},[44,89877,89878,89880,89882,89884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89879,154],{"class":153},[44,89881,157],{"class":58},[44,89883,1376],{"class":111},[44,89885,162],{"class":58},[20,89887,330],{},[35,89889,89891],{"className":37,"code":89890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89892,89893,89898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89894,89895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89896,89897],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89899,89900],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89901,1401],{"class":1400},[20,89903,89904],{},"Why does this happen?",[192,89906,89907,89915,89920],{},[195,89908,89909,89912,89913],{},[15,89910,89911],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89914,89871],{},[195,89916,89917,89918],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89919,217],{},[195,89921,89922,89923,12024,89925],{},"so ",[15,89924,1376],{},[15,89926,217],{},[20,89928,89929,89930,89932],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89931,46381],{}," call.",[35,89934,89936],{"className":37,"code":89935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89937,89938,89951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89939,89940,89943,89945,89947,89949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89941,89942],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89944,55],{"class":54},[44,89946,75],{"class":62},[44,89948,89871],{"class":66},[44,89950,3479],{"class":62},[44,89952,89953,89955,89957,89960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,89954,154],{"class":153},[44,89956,157],{"class":58},[44,89958,89959],{"class":111},"message",[44,89961,162],{"class":58},[20,89963,89964,89965,89967,89968,89972],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89966,46381],{}," with functions like ",[395,89969,89970],{"href":8350},[15,89971,3077],{},", which do return a value.",[30,89974,89976,89977],{"id":89975},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89978,46381],{},[20,89980,89981,89982,89984],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89983,46381],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[192,89986,89987,89990,89993,89996],{},[195,89988,89989],{},"to display results to the user",[195,89991,89992],{},"to show messages in a script",[195,89994,89995],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[195,89997,89998],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90000,223],{},[35,90002,90004],{"className":37,"code":90003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90005,90006,90014,90018,90038,90049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90007,90008,90010,90012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90009,41109],{"class":50},[44,90011,55],{"class":54},[44,90013,38438],{"class":95},[44,90015,90016],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90017,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,90019,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032,90034,90036],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,90021,6087],{"class":4002},[44,90023,6516],{"class":50},[44,90025,4009],{"class":4002},[44,90027,54002],{"class":153},[44,90029,157],{"class":58},[44,90031,3108],{"class":95},[44,90033,83],{"class":58},[44,90035,2574],{"class":95},[44,90037,8473],{"class":58},[44,90039,90040,90043,90046],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,90041,90042],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,90044,90045],{"class":54},"+=",[44,90047,90048],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,90050,90051,90053,90055,90057,90060,90062,90064,90066,90068,90070,90072,90074,90076,90078],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,90052,8200],{"class":153},[44,90054,157],{"class":58},[44,90056,63],{"class":62},[44,90058,90059],{"class":66},"Current number:",[44,90061,63],{"class":62},[44,90063,83],{"class":58},[44,90065,2315],{"class":111},[44,90067,83],{"class":58},[44,90069,75],{"class":62},[44,90071,45492],{"class":66},[44,90073,63],{"class":62},[44,90075,83],{"class":58},[44,90077,45499],{"class":111},[44,90079,162],{"class":58},[20,90081,330],{},[35,90083,90085],{"className":37,"code":90084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90086,90087,90103,90117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90088,90089,90092,90094,90096,90099,90101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90090,90091],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,90093,72],{"class":58},[44,90095,504],{"class":95},[44,90097,90098],{"class":50}," Total",[44,90100,72],{"class":58},[44,90102,29681],{"class":95},[44,90104,90105,90107,90109,90111,90113,90115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90106,90091],{"class":50},[44,90108,72],{"class":58},[44,90110,1012],{"class":95},[44,90112,90098],{"class":50},[44,90114,72],{"class":58},[44,90116,2696],{"class":95},[44,90118,90119,90121,90123,90125,90127,90129],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,90120,90091],{"class":50},[44,90122,72],{"class":58},[44,90124,1017],{"class":95},[44,90126,90098],{"class":50},[44,90128,72],{"class":58},[44,90130,90131],{"class":95}," 6\n",[20,90133,90134,90135,108],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[395,90136,90138],{"href":90137},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,90140,1803],{"id":1802},[20,90142,90143,90144,108],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90145,46381],{},[1960,90147,90149],{"id":90148},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90151,90152],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,90154,90156],{"className":37,"code":90155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90157,90158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90159,90160,90162,90164,90166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90161,154],{"class":153},[44,90163,157],{"class":58},[44,90165,34788],{"class":111},[44,90167,162],{"class":58},[20,90169,9005,90170,90172],{},[15,90171,34788],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90174,10918],{},[35,90176,90178],{"className":37,"code":90177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90179,90180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90181,90182,90184,90186,90188,90190,90192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90183,154],{"class":153},[44,90185,157],{"class":58},[44,90187,63],{"class":62},[44,90189,34788],{"class":66},[44,90191,63],{"class":62},[44,90193,162],{"class":58},[1960,90195,567,90197,90199],{"id":90196},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90198,154],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90201,90202],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,90204,90206],{"className":37,"code":90205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90207,90208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90209,90210,90212,90214,90216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90211,154],{"class":153},[44,90213,75],{"class":62},[44,90215,34788],{"class":66},[44,90217,3479],{"class":62},[20,90219,10918],{},[35,90221,90222],{"className":37,"code":90177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90223,90224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90225,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234,90236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90227,154],{"class":153},[44,90229,157],{"class":58},[44,90231,63],{"class":62},[44,90233,34788],{"class":66},[44,90235,63],{"class":62},[44,90237,162],{"class":58},[1960,90239,90241,90242],{"id":90240},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90243,2176],{},[20,90245,90246,90247,108],{},"This causes a ",[15,90248,3125],{},[35,90250,90251],{"className":37,"code":89339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90252,90253,90261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90254,90255,90257,90259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90256,21699],{"class":50},[44,90258,55],{"class":54},[44,90260,2706],{"class":95},[44,90262,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90264,154],{"class":153},[44,90266,157],{"class":58},[44,90268,63],{"class":62},[44,90270,89360],{"class":66},[44,90272,63],{"class":62},[44,90274,2571],{"class":54},[44,90276,9316],{"class":111},[44,90278,162],{"class":58},[20,90280,90281],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,90283,90285],{"className":37,"code":90284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90286,90287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90288,90289,90291,90293,90295,90297,90299,90301,90303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90290,154],{"class":153},[44,90292,157],{"class":58},[44,90294,63],{"class":62},[44,90296,89261],{"class":66},[44,90298,63],{"class":62},[44,90300,83],{"class":58},[44,90302,9316],{"class":111},[44,90304,162],{"class":58},[20,90306,90307],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90309,90311],{"className":37,"code":90310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90312,90313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90314,90315,90317,90319,90321,90323,90325,90327,90329,90331,90333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90316,154],{"class":153},[44,90318,157],{"class":58},[44,90320,63],{"class":62},[44,90322,89360],{"class":66},[44,90324,63],{"class":62},[44,90326,2571],{"class":54},[44,90328,48834],{"class":1861},[44,90330,157],{"class":58},[44,90332,88],{"class":111},[44,90334,1869],{"class":58},[20,90336,90337,90338,108],{},"If you see this error, read ",[395,90339,90341],{"href":90340},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1960,90343,1821,90345,90347],{"id":90344},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90346,46381],{}," to return a value",[20,90349,90350,90351,35251,90354,72],{},"This does not store ",[15,90352,90353],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90355,1376],{},[35,90357,90359],{"className":37,"code":90358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90360,90361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90362,90363,90365,90367,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90364,1340],{"class":50},[44,90366,55],{"class":54},[44,90368,89864],{"class":153},[44,90370,157],{"class":58},[44,90372,63],{"class":62},[44,90374,34788],{"class":66},[44,90376,63],{"class":62},[44,90378,162],{"class":58},[20,90380,90381,90382,108],{},"It stores ",[15,90383,217],{},[1960,90385,90387,90388,4523,90390],{"id":90386},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90389,89401],{},[15,90391,52592],{},[20,90393,85747],{},[192,90395,90396,90405],{},[195,90397,90398,90400,90401,90404],{},[15,90399,89401],{}," changes what goes ",[3868,90402,90403],{},"between"," multiple values",[195,90406,90407,90409,90410,90413],{},[15,90408,52592],{}," changes what appears ",[3868,90411,90412],{},"after"," the output",[30,90415,90417],{"id":90416},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90419,90420,90421,90423],{},"These simple ",[15,90422,46381],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90425,90427],{"className":37,"code":90426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90428,90429,90449,90464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90430,90431,90433,90435,90437,90440,90442,90444,90447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90432,154],{"class":153},[44,90434,157],{"class":58},[44,90436,63],{"class":62},[44,90438,90439],{"class":66},"Debug:",[44,90441,63],{"class":62},[44,90443,83],{"class":58},[44,90445,90446],{"class":111}," variable_name",[44,90448,162],{"class":58},[44,90450,90451,90453,90455,90457,90459,90462],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90452,154],{"class":153},[44,90454,157],{"class":58},[44,90456,1862],{"class":1861},[44,90458,157],{"class":58},[44,90460,90461],{"class":111},"variable_name",[44,90463,1869],{"class":58},[44,90465,90466,90468,90470,90472],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,90467,1913],{"class":153},[44,90469,157],{"class":58},[44,90471,154],{"class":153},[44,90473,162],{"class":58},[20,90475,90476],{},"What they do:",[192,90478,90479,90485,90491],{},[195,90480,90481,90484],{},[15,90482,90483],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[195,90486,90487,90490],{},[15,90488,90489],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[195,90492,90493,90496,90497],{},[15,90494,90495],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90498,46381],{},[30,90500,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,90502,1963,90504,90506],{"id":90503},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90505,46381],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90508,90509,90510,90512,90513,36545],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90511,46381],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90514,52592],{},[1960,90516,1984,90518,90520],{"id":90517},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90519,46381],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90522,90523,90524,90526],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90525,46381],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1960,90528,5288,90530,5291,90533,2610],{"id":90529},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90531,90532],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90534,217],{},[20,90536,29127,90537,90539],{},[15,90538,46381],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1960,90541,90543],{"id":90542},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90545,90546],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90548,90550],{"className":37,"code":90549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90551,90552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90553,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562,90564,90566,90568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90555,154],{"class":153},[44,90557,157],{"class":58},[44,90559,63],{"class":62},[44,90561,89261],{"class":66},[44,90563,63],{"class":62},[44,90565,83],{"class":58},[44,90567,528],{"class":95},[44,90569,162],{"class":58},[20,90571,90572,90573,39855],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90574,47613],{},[1960,90576,2007,90578,4523,90580,2610],{"id":90577},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90579,89401],{},[15,90581,52592],{},[192,90583,90584,90589],{},[195,90585,90586,90588],{},[15,90587,89401],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[195,90590,90591,90593],{},[15,90592,52592],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90595,2020],{"id":2019},[192,90597,90598,90602,90608,90614,90619,90624],{},[195,90599,90600],{},[395,90601,50907],{"href":50906},[195,90603,90604],{},[395,90605,3697,90606,3630],{"href":8350},[15,90607,3077],{},[195,90609,90610],{},[395,90611,3697,90612,3630],{"href":42102},[15,90613,47613],{},[195,90615,90616],{},[395,90617,90618],{"href":89627},"How to format strings in Python",[195,90620,90621],{},[395,90622,90623],{"href":90137},"How to debug Python code",[195,90625,90626],{},[395,90627,90341],{"href":90340},[2048,90629,90630],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":90632},[90633,90634,90636,90637,90643,90644,90645,90650,90656,90658,90660,90671,90672,90683],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":88805,"depth":102,"text":90635},"What print() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":89041,"depth":102,"text":89042,"children":90638},[90639,90640,90641,90642],{"id":89050,"depth":150,"text":89051},{"id":89091,"depth":150,"text":89092},{"id":89123,"depth":150,"text":89124},{"id":89150,"depth":150,"text":89151},{"id":89192,"depth":102,"text":89193},{"id":89388,"depth":102,"text":89389},{"id":89428,"depth":102,"text":90646,"children":90647},"sep argument",[90648,90649],{"id":89441,"depth":150,"text":89442},{"id":89491,"depth":150,"text":89492},{"id":89631,"depth":102,"text":90651,"children":90652},"end argument",[90653,90654,90655],{"id":89645,"depth":150,"text":89442},{"id":89698,"depth":150,"text":89699},{"id":89754,"depth":150,"text":89755},{"id":89838,"depth":102,"text":90657},"print() returns None",{"id":89975,"depth":102,"text":90659},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":90661},[90662,90663,90665,90667,90669],{"id":90148,"depth":150,"text":90149},{"id":90196,"depth":150,"text":90664},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90240,"depth":150,"text":90666},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90344,"depth":150,"text":90668},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90386,"depth":150,"text":90670},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90416,"depth":102,"text":90417},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":90673},[90674,90676,90678,90680,90681],{"id":90503,"depth":150,"text":90675},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90517,"depth":150,"text":90677},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90529,"depth":150,"text":90679},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90542,"depth":150,"text":90543},{"id":90577,"depth":150,"text":90682},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88688,"description":90684},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90691,"title":90692,"body":90693,"description":92997,"extension":2080,"meta":92998,"navigation":682,"path":92999,"seo":93000,"stem":93001,"__hash__":93002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90694,"toc":92943},[90695,90700,90705,90718,90720,90785,90796,90801,90806,90808,90831,90834,90865,90867,90884,90889,90895,90900,90949,90952,90969,90975,90980,91003,91005,91033,91039,91047,91074,91076,91101,91107,91110,91141,91143,91172,91176,91179,91184,91206,91208,91236,91242,91248,91274,91276,91300,91306,91312,91342,91344,91372,91382,91386,91392,91425,91427,91456,91459,91462,91495,91497,91505,91511,91513,91536,91541,91550,91555,91569,91571,91611,91613,91643,91647,91682,91688,91692,91736,91738,91768,91774,91777,91856,91858,91880,91888,91891,91954,91962,92037,92043,92050,92055,92060,92083,92085,92106,92108,92121,92123,92170,92172,92211,92220,92222,92226,92230,92233,92260,92263,92292,92295,92319,92322,92330,92336,92358,92360,92388,92392,92397,92452,92457,92459,92516,92523,92532,92535,92567,92569,92577,92580,92586,92588,92611,92614,92620,92623,92642,92644,92663,92666,92688,92690,92718,92722,92726,92831,92833,92846,92848,92854,92857,92865,92870,92876,92882,92887,92895,92901,92908,92910,92940],[10,90696,3697,90698,3701],{"id":90697},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90699,36121],{},[20,90701,32236,90702,90704],{},[15,90703,36121],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90706,90707,90708,90710,90711,90713,90714,90717],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90709,6087],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90712,36121],{}," stops ",[3868,90715,90716],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90719,33],{"id":32},[35,90721,90723],{"className":37,"code":90722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90724,90725,90741,90751,90755,90760,90765,90770,90775,90780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90726,90727,90729,90731,90733,90735,90737,90739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90728,6087],{"class":4002},[44,90730,69483],{"class":50},[44,90732,4009],{"class":4002},[44,90734,54002],{"class":153},[44,90736,157],{"class":58},[44,90738,2254],{"class":95},[44,90740,8473],{"class":58},[44,90742,90743,90745,90747,90749],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90744,8200],{"class":153},[44,90746,157],{"class":58},[44,90748,36077],{"class":111},[44,90750,162],{"class":58},[44,90752,90753],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,90754,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,90756,90757],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,90758,90759],{"class":168},"# Output:\n",[44,90761,90762],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,90763,90764],{"class":168},"# 0\n",[44,90766,90767],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,90768,90769],{"class":168},"# 1\n",[44,90771,90772],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,90773,90774],{"class":168},"# 2\n",[44,90776,90777],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,90778,90779],{"class":168},"# 3\n",[44,90781,90782],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,90783,90784],{"class":168},"# 4\n",[20,90786,90787,90790,90791,90793,90794,108],{},[15,90788,90789],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90792,2237],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90795,2254],{},[30,90797,179,90799,182],{"id":90798},"what-range-does",[15,90800,36121],{},[20,90802,90803,90805],{},[15,90804,36121],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90807,13148],{},[192,90809,90810,90815,90821,90826],{},[195,90811,90812,90814],{},[15,90813,36121],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[195,90816,90817,90818,90820],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90819,6087],{}," loops",[195,90822,90823,90824],{},"The stop value is ",[3868,90825,65004],{},[195,90827,17500,90828,90830],{},[15,90829,59932],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90832,90833],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90835,90837],{"className":37,"code":90836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90838,90839,90855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90840,90841,90843,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90842,6087],{"class":4002},[44,90844,6516],{"class":50},[44,90846,4009],{"class":4002},[44,90848,54002],{"class":153},[44,90850,157],{"class":58},[44,90852,2179],{"class":95},[44,90854,8473],{"class":58},[44,90856,90857,90859,90861,90863],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90858,8200],{"class":153},[44,90860,157],{"class":58},[44,90862,2357],{"class":111},[44,90864,162],{"class":58},[20,90866,330],{},[35,90868,90870],{"className":37,"code":90869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90871,90872,90876,90880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90873,90874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90875,47181],{"class":95},[44,90877,90878],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90879,46846],{"class":95},[44,90881,90882],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,90883,17137],{"class":95},[20,90885,90886,90887,108],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[395,90888,35951],{"href":35950},[30,90890,90892,90894],{"id":90891},"range-syntax",[15,90893,36121],{}," syntax",[20,90896,90897,90899],{},[15,90898,36121],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90901,90903],{"className":37,"code":90902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90904,90905,90915,90930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90906,90907,90909,90911,90913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90908,59932],{"class":153},[44,90910,157],{"class":58},[44,90912,75361],{"class":111},[44,90914,162],{"class":58},[44,90916,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90928],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,90918,59932],{"class":153},[44,90920,157],{"class":58},[44,90922,35995],{"class":111},[44,90924,83],{"class":58},[44,90926,90927],{"class":111}," stop",[44,90929,162],{"class":58},[44,90931,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944,90947],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,90933,59932],{"class":153},[44,90935,157],{"class":58},[44,90937,35995],{"class":111},[44,90939,83],{"class":58},[44,90941,90927],{"class":111},[44,90943,83],{"class":58},[44,90945,90946],{"class":111}," step",[44,90948,162],{"class":58},[20,90950,90951],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[192,90953,90954,90959,90964],{},[195,90955,90956,90958],{},[15,90957,35995],{}," = first number",[195,90960,90961,90963],{},[15,90962,75361],{}," = end limit, not included",[195,90965,90966,90968],{},[15,90967,75364],{}," = amount to move each time",[1960,90970,90972],{"id":90971},"rangestop",[15,90973,90974],{},"range(stop)",[20,90976,90977,90978,108],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90979,2237],{},[35,90981,90983],{"className":37,"code":90982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90984,90985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90986,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90988,154],{"class":153},[44,90990,157],{"class":58},[44,90992,1878],{"class":1861},[44,90994,157],{"class":58},[44,90996,59932],{"class":153},[44,90998,157],{"class":58},[44,91000,2254],{"class":95},[44,91002,3031],{"class":58},[20,91004,330],{},[35,91006,91007],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91008,91009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91010,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029,91031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91012,4027],{"class":58},[44,91014,2237],{"class":95},[44,91016,83],{"class":58},[44,91018,504],{"class":95},[44,91020,83],{"class":58},[44,91022,1012],{"class":95},[44,91024,83],{"class":58},[44,91026,1017],{"class":95},[44,91028,83],{"class":58},[44,91030,2574],{"class":95},[44,91032,3759],{"class":58},[1960,91034,91036],{"id":91035},"rangestart-stop",[15,91037,91038],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91040,91041,91042,91044,91045,108],{},"This starts at ",[15,91043,35995],{}," and stops before ",[15,91046,75361],{},[35,91048,91050],{"className":37,"code":91049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91051,91052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91053,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91055,154],{"class":153},[44,91057,157],{"class":58},[44,91059,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91061,157],{"class":58},[44,91063,59932],{"class":153},[44,91065,157],{"class":58},[44,91067,2173],{"class":95},[44,91069,83],{"class":58},[44,91071,37568],{"class":95},[44,91073,3031],{"class":58},[20,91075,330],{},[35,91077,91079],{"className":37,"code":91078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91080,91081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91082,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91084,4027],{"class":58},[44,91086,2173],{"class":95},[44,91088,83],{"class":58},[44,91090,1017],{"class":95},[44,91092,83],{"class":58},[44,91094,2574],{"class":95},[44,91096,83],{"class":58},[44,91098,4736],{"class":95},[44,91100,3759],{"class":58},[1960,91102,91104],{"id":91103},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91105,91106],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91108,91109],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,91111,91113],{"className":37,"code":91112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91114,91115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91116,91117,91119,91121,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91118,154],{"class":153},[44,91120,157],{"class":58},[44,91122,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91124,157],{"class":58},[44,91126,59932],{"class":153},[44,91128,157],{"class":58},[44,91130,3108],{"class":95},[44,91132,83],{"class":58},[44,91134,528],{"class":95},[44,91136,83],{"class":58},[44,91138,1012],{"class":95},[44,91140,3031],{"class":58},[20,91142,330],{},[35,91144,91146],{"className":37,"code":91145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91147,91148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91149,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162,91164,91166,91168,91170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91151,4027],{"class":58},[44,91153,3108],{"class":95},[44,91155,83],{"class":58},[44,91157,1017],{"class":95},[44,91159,83],{"class":58},[44,91161,4736],{"class":95},[44,91163,83],{"class":58},[44,91165,6123],{"class":95},[44,91167,83],{"class":58},[44,91169,54068],{"class":95},[44,91171,3759],{"class":58},[30,91173,91175],{"id":91174},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91177,91178],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1960,91180,91182],{"id":91181},"range5",[15,91183,90789],{},[35,91185,91186],{"className":37,"code":90982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91187,91188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91189,91190,91192,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91191,154],{"class":153},[44,91193,157],{"class":58},[44,91195,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91197,157],{"class":58},[44,91199,59932],{"class":153},[44,91201,157],{"class":58},[44,91203,2254],{"class":95},[44,91205,3031],{"class":58},[20,91207,330],{},[35,91209,91210],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91211,91212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91215,4027],{"class":58},[44,91217,2237],{"class":95},[44,91219,83],{"class":58},[44,91221,504],{"class":95},[44,91223,83],{"class":58},[44,91225,1012],{"class":95},[44,91227,83],{"class":58},[44,91229,1017],{"class":95},[44,91231,83],{"class":58},[44,91233,2574],{"class":95},[44,91235,3759],{"class":58},[20,91237,91041,91238,91044,91240,108],{},[15,91239,2237],{},[15,91241,2254],{},[1960,91243,91245],{"id":91244},"range2-6",[15,91246,91247],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,91249,91250],{"className":37,"code":91049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91251,91252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91253,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91255,154],{"class":153},[44,91257,157],{"class":58},[44,91259,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91261,157],{"class":58},[44,91263,59932],{"class":153},[44,91265,157],{"class":58},[44,91267,2173],{"class":95},[44,91269,83],{"class":58},[44,91271,37568],{"class":95},[44,91273,3031],{"class":58},[20,91275,330],{},[35,91277,91278],{"className":37,"code":91078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91279,91280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91281,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91283,4027],{"class":58},[44,91285,2173],{"class":95},[44,91287,83],{"class":58},[44,91289,1017],{"class":95},[44,91291,83],{"class":58},[44,91293,2574],{"class":95},[44,91295,83],{"class":58},[44,91297,4736],{"class":95},[44,91299,3759],{"class":58},[20,91301,91041,91302,91044,91304,108],{},[15,91303,2173],{},[15,91305,80529],{},[1960,91307,91309],{"id":91308},"range1-10-2",[15,91310,91311],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,91313,91314],{"className":37,"code":91112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91315,91316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91317,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91319,154],{"class":153},[44,91321,157],{"class":58},[44,91323,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91325,157],{"class":58},[44,91327,59932],{"class":153},[44,91329,157],{"class":58},[44,91331,3108],{"class":95},[44,91333,83],{"class":58},[44,91335,528],{"class":95},[44,91337,83],{"class":58},[44,91339,1012],{"class":95},[44,91341,3031],{"class":58},[20,91343,330],{},[35,91345,91346],{"className":37,"code":91145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91347,91348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91349,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91351,4027],{"class":58},[44,91353,3108],{"class":95},[44,91355,83],{"class":58},[44,91357,1017],{"class":95},[44,91359,83],{"class":58},[44,91361,4736],{"class":95},[44,91363,83],{"class":58},[44,91365,6123],{"class":95},[44,91367,83],{"class":58},[44,91369,54068],{"class":95},[44,91371,3759],{"class":58},[20,91373,91374,91375,91377,91378,61235,91380,108],{},"This moves by ",[15,91376,2173],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91379,3108],{},[15,91381,2262],{},[1960,91383,91385],{"id":91384},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91387,91388,91389,91391],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91390,36121],{}," count backward.",[35,91393,91395],{"className":37,"code":91394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91396,91397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91398,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91400,154],{"class":153},[44,91402,157],{"class":58},[44,91404,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91406,157],{"class":58},[44,91408,59932],{"class":153},[44,91410,157],{"class":58},[44,91412,2254],{"class":95},[44,91414,83],{"class":58},[44,91416,3959],{"class":95},[44,91418,83],{"class":58},[44,91420,2340],{"class":54},[44,91422,3108],{"class":95},[44,91424,3031],{"class":58},[20,91426,330],{},[35,91428,91430],{"className":37,"code":91429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91431,91432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91433,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91435,4027],{"class":58},[44,91437,2254],{"class":95},[44,91439,83],{"class":58},[44,91441,2574],{"class":95},[44,91443,83],{"class":58},[44,91445,1017],{"class":95},[44,91447,83],{"class":58},[44,91449,1012],{"class":95},[44,91451,83],{"class":58},[44,91453,504],{"class":95},[44,91455,3759],{"class":58},[20,91457,91458],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91460,91461],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91463,91465],{"className":37,"code":91464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91466,91467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91468,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91470,154],{"class":153},[44,91472,157],{"class":58},[44,91474,1878],{"class":1861},[44,91476,157],{"class":58},[44,91478,59932],{"class":153},[44,91480,157],{"class":58},[44,91482,3108],{"class":95},[44,91484,83],{"class":58},[44,91486,4736],{"class":95},[44,91488,83],{"class":58},[44,91490,2340],{"class":54},[44,91492,3108],{"class":95},[44,91494,3031],{"class":58},[20,91496,330],{},[35,91498,91499],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91500,91501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91502,91503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91504,38222],{"class":58},[1960,91506,91507,76524,91509],{"id":76748},[15,91508,75364],{},[15,91510,2237],{},[20,91512,2955],{},[35,91514,91516],{"className":37,"code":91515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91517,91518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91519,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91521,59932],{"class":153},[44,91523,157],{"class":58},[44,91525,3108],{"class":95},[44,91527,83],{"class":58},[44,91529,4736],{"class":95},[44,91531,83],{"class":58},[44,91533,3959],{"class":95},[44,91535,162],{"class":58},[20,91537,76793,91538,91540],{},[15,91539,40630],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91542,567,91544,91546,91547,91549],{"id":91543},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91545,36121],{}," in a ",[15,91548,6087],{}," loop",[20,91551,91552,91554],{},[15,91553,36121],{}," is most useful when:",[192,91556,91557,91560,91563],{},[195,91558,91559],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[195,91561,91562],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[195,91564,91565,91566],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91567,91568],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91570,223],{},[35,91572,91574],{"className":37,"code":91573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91575,91576,91592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91577,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91579,6087],{"class":4002},[44,91581,69483],{"class":50},[44,91583,4009],{"class":4002},[44,91585,54002],{"class":153},[44,91587,157],{"class":58},[44,91589,2179],{"class":95},[44,91591,8473],{"class":58},[44,91593,91594,91596,91598,91600,91603,91605,91607,91609],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91595,8200],{"class":153},[44,91597,157],{"class":58},[44,91599,63],{"class":62},[44,91601,91602],{"class":66},"Loop number:",[44,91604,63],{"class":62},[44,91606,83],{"class":58},[44,91608,36052],{"class":111},[44,91610,162],{"class":58},[20,91612,330],{},[35,91614,91616],{"className":37,"code":91615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91617,91618,91627,91635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91619,91620,91623,91625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91621,91622],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91624,72],{"class":58},[44,91626,38438],{"class":95},[44,91628,91629,91631,91633],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91630,91622],{"class":50},[44,91632,72],{"class":58},[44,91634,29681],{"class":95},[44,91636,91637,91639,91641],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,91638,91622],{"class":50},[44,91640,72],{"class":58},[44,91642,45518],{"class":95},[1960,91644,91646],{"id":91645},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91648,91650],{"className":37,"code":91649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91651,91652,91668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91653,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662,91664,91666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91655,6087],{"class":4002},[44,91657,69483],{"class":50},[44,91659,4009],{"class":4002},[44,91661,54002],{"class":153},[44,91663,157],{"class":58},[44,91665,2254],{"class":95},[44,91667,8473],{"class":58},[44,91669,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91671,8200],{"class":153},[44,91673,157],{"class":58},[44,91675,63],{"class":62},[44,91677,34788],{"class":66},[44,91679,63],{"class":62},[44,91681,162],{"class":58},[20,91683,91684,91685,91687],{},"This prints ",[15,91686,90353],{}," five times.",[1960,91689,91691],{"id":91690},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91693,91695],{"className":37,"code":91694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91696,91697,91717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91698,91699,91701,91703,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91700,6087],{"class":4002},[44,91702,69483],{"class":50},[44,91704,4009],{"class":4002},[44,91706,54002],{"class":153},[44,91708,157],{"class":58},[44,91710,3108],{"class":95},[44,91712,83],{"class":58},[44,91714,2574],{"class":95},[44,91716,8473],{"class":58},[44,91718,91719,91721,91723,91725,91728,91730,91732,91734],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91720,8200],{"class":153},[44,91722,157],{"class":58},[44,91724,63],{"class":62},[44,91726,91727],{"class":66},"Current number is",[44,91729,63],{"class":62},[44,91731,83],{"class":58},[44,91733,36052],{"class":111},[44,91735,162],{"class":58},[20,91737,330],{},[35,91739,91741],{"className":37,"code":91740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91742,91743,91752,91760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91744,91745,91748,91750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91746,91747],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91749,12295],{"class":54},[44,91751,29681],{"class":95},[44,91753,91754,91756,91758],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91755,91747],{"class":50},[44,91757,12295],{"class":54},[44,91759,45518],{"class":95},[44,91761,91762,91764,91766],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,91763,91747],{"class":50},[44,91765,12295],{"class":54},[44,91767,2696],{"class":95},[1960,91769,91771,91773],{"id":91770},"range-and-indexing",[15,91772,36121],{}," and indexing",[20,91775,91776],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91778,91780],{"className":37,"code":91779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91781,91782,91814,91818,91838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91783,91784,91786,91788,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91785,7910],{"class":50},[44,91787,55],{"class":54},[44,91789,3746],{"class":58},[44,91791,63],{"class":62},[44,91793,395],{"class":66},[44,91795,63],{"class":62},[44,91797,83],{"class":58},[44,91799,75],{"class":62},[44,91801,1005],{"class":66},[44,91803,63],{"class":62},[44,91805,83],{"class":58},[44,91807,75],{"class":62},[44,91809,9855],{"class":66},[44,91811,63],{"class":62},[44,91813,3759],{"class":58},[44,91815,91816],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91817,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,91819,91820,91822,91824,91826,91828,91830,91832,91834,91836],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,91821,6087],{"class":4002},[44,91823,69483],{"class":50},[44,91825,4009],{"class":4002},[44,91827,54002],{"class":153},[44,91829,157],{"class":58},[44,91831,11271],{"class":153},[44,91833,157],{"class":58},[44,91835,7940],{"class":111},[44,91837,69498],{"class":58},[44,91839,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,91841,8200],{"class":153},[44,91843,157],{"class":58},[44,91845,36077],{"class":111},[44,91847,83],{"class":58},[44,91849,6095],{"class":111},[44,91851,4027],{"class":58},[44,91853,36077],{"class":111},[44,91855,4015],{"class":58},[20,91857,330],{},[35,91859,91860],{"className":37,"code":36089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91861,91862,91868,91874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91863,91864,91866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91865,2237],{"class":95},[44,91867,36098],{"class":50},[44,91869,91870,91872],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91871,3108],{"class":95},[44,91873,36105],{"class":50},[44,91875,91876,91878],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,91877,2173],{"class":95},[44,91879,36112],{"class":50},[20,91881,91882,91883,91887],{},"This works, and it uses ",[395,91884,91885],{"href":42285},[15,91886,42288],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91889,91890],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91892,91894],{"className":37,"code":91893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91895,91896,91928,91932,91944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91897,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91899,7910],{"class":50},[44,91901,55],{"class":54},[44,91903,3746],{"class":58},[44,91905,63],{"class":62},[44,91907,395],{"class":66},[44,91909,63],{"class":62},[44,91911,83],{"class":58},[44,91913,75],{"class":62},[44,91915,1005],{"class":66},[44,91917,63],{"class":62},[44,91919,83],{"class":58},[44,91921,75],{"class":62},[44,91923,9855],{"class":66},[44,91925,63],{"class":62},[44,91927,3759],{"class":58},[44,91929,91930],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,91931,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,91933,91934,91936,91938,91940,91942],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,91935,6087],{"class":4002},[44,91937,6090],{"class":50},[44,91939,4009],{"class":4002},[44,91941,6095],{"class":50},[44,91943,6523],{"class":58},[44,91945,91946,91948,91950,91952],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,91947,8200],{"class":153},[44,91949,157],{"class":58},[44,91951,23381],{"class":111},[44,91953,162],{"class":58},[20,91955,36516,91956,91961],{},[395,91957,91959],{"href":91958},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91960,35671],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91963,91965],{"className":37,"code":91964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91966,91967,91999,92003,92023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91968,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91970,7910],{"class":50},[44,91972,55],{"class":54},[44,91974,3746],{"class":58},[44,91976,63],{"class":62},[44,91978,395],{"class":66},[44,91980,63],{"class":62},[44,91982,83],{"class":58},[44,91984,75],{"class":62},[44,91986,1005],{"class":66},[44,91988,63],{"class":62},[44,91990,83],{"class":58},[44,91992,75],{"class":62},[44,91994,9855],{"class":66},[44,91996,63],{"class":62},[44,91998,3759],{"class":58},[44,92000,92001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92002,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,92004,92005,92007,92009,92011,92013,92015,92017,92019,92021],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,92006,6087],{"class":4002},[44,92008,35743],{"class":50},[44,92010,83],{"class":58},[44,92012,6090],{"class":50},[44,92014,4009],{"class":4002},[44,92016,35753],{"class":153},[44,92018,157],{"class":58},[44,92020,7940],{"class":111},[44,92022,8473],{"class":58},[44,92024,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,92026,8200],{"class":153},[44,92028,157],{"class":58},[44,92030,35768],{"class":111},[44,92032,83],{"class":58},[44,92034,29573],{"class":111},[44,92036,162],{"class":58},[20,92038,79053,92039,108],{},[395,92040,36529,92041,36532],{"href":36528},[15,92042,35671],{},[30,92044,92046,92047,92049],{"id":92045},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92048,36121],{}," to a list",[20,92051,92052,92054],{},[15,92053,36121],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92056,92057,92058,72],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92059,24849],{},[35,92061,92063],{"className":37,"code":92062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92064,92065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92066,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92068,154],{"class":153},[44,92070,157],{"class":58},[44,92072,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92074,157],{"class":58},[44,92076,59932],{"class":153},[44,92078,157],{"class":58},[44,92080,2179],{"class":95},[44,92082,3031],{"class":58},[20,92084,330],{},[35,92086,92088],{"className":37,"code":92087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92089,92090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92091,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92093,4027],{"class":58},[44,92095,2237],{"class":95},[44,92097,83],{"class":58},[44,92099,504],{"class":95},[44,92101,83],{"class":58},[44,92103,1012],{"class":95},[44,92105,3759],{"class":58},[20,92107,33231],{},[192,92109,92110,92115,92118],{},[195,92111,92112,92113,42012],{},"learning how ",[15,92114,36121],{},[195,92116,92117],{},"checking your values",[195,92119,92120],{},"debugging code",[20,92122,5602],{},[35,92124,92126],{"className":37,"code":92125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92127,92128,92142,92146,92156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92129,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92131,3741],{"class":50},[44,92133,55],{"class":54},[44,92135,54002],{"class":153},[44,92137,157],{"class":58},[44,92139,2623],{"class":95},[44,92141,162],{"class":58},[44,92143,92144],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92145,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,92147,92148,92150,92152,92154],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,92149,154],{"class":153},[44,92151,157],{"class":58},[44,92153,3773],{"class":111},[44,92155,162],{"class":58},[44,92157,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,92159,154],{"class":153},[44,92161,157],{"class":58},[44,92163,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92165,157],{"class":58},[44,92167,3773],{"class":111},[44,92169,1869],{"class":58},[20,92171,330],{},[35,92173,92175],{"className":37,"code":92174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92176,92177,92191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92178,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92180,59932],{"class":153},[44,92182,157],{"class":58},[44,92184,2237],{"class":95},[44,92186,83],{"class":58},[44,92188,2574],{"class":95},[44,92190,162],{"class":58},[44,92192,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92194,4027],{"class":58},[44,92196,2237],{"class":95},[44,92198,83],{"class":58},[44,92200,504],{"class":95},[44,92202,83],{"class":58},[44,92204,1012],{"class":95},[44,92206,83],{"class":58},[44,92208,1017],{"class":95},[44,92210,3759],{"class":58},[20,92212,92213,92214,10698,92216,92219],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92215,59932],{},[15,92217,92218],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,92221,4649],{"id":4648},[20,92223,33460,92224,108],{},[15,92225,36121],{},[1960,92227,92229],{"id":92228},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92231,92232],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,92234,92236],{"className":37,"code":92235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92237,92238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92239,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92241,154],{"class":153},[44,92243,157],{"class":58},[44,92245,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92247,157],{"class":58},[44,92249,59932],{"class":153},[44,92251,157],{"class":58},[44,92253,3108],{"class":95},[44,92255,83],{"class":58},[44,92257,4736],{"class":95},[44,92259,3031],{"class":58},[20,92261,92262],{},"will produce:",[35,92264,92266],{"className":37,"code":92265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92267,92268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92269,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92271,4027],{"class":58},[44,92273,3108],{"class":95},[44,92275,83],{"class":58},[44,92277,1012],{"class":95},[44,92279,83],{"class":58},[44,92281,1017],{"class":95},[44,92283,83],{"class":58},[44,92285,2574],{"class":95},[44,92287,83],{"class":58},[44,92289,4736],{"class":95},[44,92291,3759],{"class":58},[20,92293,92294],{},"But the real output is:",[35,92296,92297],{"className":37,"code":53437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92298,92299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92300,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315,92317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92302,4027],{"class":58},[44,92304,3108],{"class":95},[44,92306,83],{"class":58},[44,92308,1012],{"class":95},[44,92310,83],{"class":58},[44,92312,1017],{"class":95},[44,92314,83],{"class":58},[44,92316,2574],{"class":95},[44,92318,3759],{"class":58},[20,92320,92321],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1960,92323,4710,92325,92327,92328],{"id":92324},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92326,90789],{}," starts at ",[15,92329,3108],{},[20,92331,37392,92332,19040,92334,108],{},[15,92333,2237],{},[15,92335,3108],{},[35,92337,92338],{"className":37,"code":90982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92339,92340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92341,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92343,154],{"class":153},[44,92345,157],{"class":58},[44,92347,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92349,157],{"class":58},[44,92351,59932],{"class":153},[44,92353,157],{"class":58},[44,92355,2254],{"class":95},[44,92357,3031],{"class":58},[20,92359,330],{},[35,92361,92362],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92363,92364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92365,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92367,4027],{"class":58},[44,92369,2237],{"class":95},[44,92371,83],{"class":58},[44,92373,504],{"class":95},[44,92375,83],{"class":58},[44,92377,1012],{"class":95},[44,92379,83],{"class":58},[44,92381,1017],{"class":95},[44,92383,83],{"class":58},[44,92385,2574],{"class":95},[44,92387,3759],{"class":58},[1960,92389,92391],{"id":92390},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92393,92394,92395,72],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92396,3077],{},[35,92398,92400],{"className":37,"code":92399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92401,92402,92421,92425,92442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92403,92404,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92405,92406],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92408,55],{"class":54},[44,92410,8373],{"class":153},[44,92412,157],{"class":58},[44,92414,63],{"class":62},[44,92416,41798],{"class":66},[44,92418,63],{"class":62},[44,92420,162],{"class":58},[44,92422,92423],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92424,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,92426,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92440],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,92428,6087],{"class":4002},[44,92430,69483],{"class":50},[44,92432,4009],{"class":4002},[44,92434,54002],{"class":153},[44,92436,157],{"class":58},[44,92438,92439],{"class":111},"user_number",[44,92441,8473],{"class":58},[44,92443,92444,92446,92448,92450],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,92445,8200],{"class":153},[44,92447,157],{"class":58},[44,92449,36077],{"class":111},[44,92451,162],{"class":58},[20,92453,48440,92454,92456],{},[15,92455,3077],{}," returns a string.",[20,92458,10918],{},[35,92460,92462],{"className":37,"code":92461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92463,92464,92486,92490,92506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92465,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92467,92406],{"class":50},[44,92469,55],{"class":54},[44,92471,45205],{"class":1861},[44,92473,157],{"class":58},[44,92475,42390],{"class":153},[44,92477,157],{"class":58},[44,92479,63],{"class":62},[44,92481,41798],{"class":66},[44,92483,63],{"class":62},[44,92485,1869],{"class":58},[44,92487,92488],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92489,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,92491,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,92493,6087],{"class":4002},[44,92495,69483],{"class":50},[44,92497,4009],{"class":4002},[44,92499,54002],{"class":153},[44,92501,157],{"class":58},[44,92503,92439],{"class":111},[44,92505,8473],{"class":58},[44,92507,92508,92510,92512,92514],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,92509,8200],{"class":153},[44,92511,157],{"class":58},[44,92513,36077],{"class":111},[44,92515,162],{"class":58},[20,92517,92518,92519,108],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[395,92520,50454,92521],{"href":50453},[15,92522,50457],{},[1960,92524,92526,92527,92529,92530],{"id":92525},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92528,35995],{}," smaller than ",[15,92531,75361],{},[20,92533,92534],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92536,92537],{"className":37,"code":91464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92538,92539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92540,92541,92543,92545,92547,92549,92551,92553,92555,92557,92559,92561,92563,92565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92542,154],{"class":153},[44,92544,157],{"class":58},[44,92546,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92548,157],{"class":58},[44,92550,59932],{"class":153},[44,92552,157],{"class":58},[44,92554,3108],{"class":95},[44,92556,83],{"class":58},[44,92558,4736],{"class":95},[44,92560,83],{"class":58},[44,92562,2340],{"class":54},[44,92564,3108],{"class":95},[44,92566,3031],{"class":58},[20,92568,330],{},[35,92570,92571],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92572,92573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92574,92575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92576,38222],{"class":58},[20,92578,92579],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1960,92581,25685,92583],{"id":92582},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92584,92585],{},"step = 0",[20,92587,77504],{},[35,92589,92591],{"className":37,"code":92590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92592,92593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92594,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92596,59932],{"class":153},[44,92598,157],{"class":58},[44,92600,3108],{"class":95},[44,92602,83],{"class":58},[44,92604,528],{"class":95},[44,92606,83],{"class":58},[44,92608,3959],{"class":95},[44,92610,162],{"class":58},[20,92612,92613],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1960,92615,4836,92617,92619],{"id":92616},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92618,36121],{}," is not a list",[20,92621,92622],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92624,92626],{"className":37,"code":92625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92627,92628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92629,92630,92632,92634,92636,92638,92640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92631,154],{"class":153},[44,92633,157],{"class":58},[44,92635,59932],{"class":153},[44,92637,157],{"class":58},[44,92639,2254],{"class":95},[44,92641,1869],{"class":58},[20,92643,330],{},[35,92645,92647],{"className":37,"code":92646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92648,92649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92650,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92652,59932],{"class":153},[44,92654,157],{"class":58},[44,92656,2237],{"class":95},[44,92658,83],{"class":58},[44,92660,4736],{"class":95},[44,92662,162],{"class":58},[20,92664,92665],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92667,92668],{"className":37,"code":90982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92669,92670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92671,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684,92686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92673,154],{"class":153},[44,92675,157],{"class":58},[44,92677,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92679,157],{"class":58},[44,92681,59932],{"class":153},[44,92683,157],{"class":58},[44,92685,2254],{"class":95},[44,92687,3031],{"class":58},[20,92689,330],{},[35,92691,92692],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92693,92694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92695,92696,92698,92700,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92697,4027],{"class":58},[44,92699,2237],{"class":95},[44,92701,83],{"class":58},[44,92703,504],{"class":95},[44,92705,83],{"class":58},[44,92707,1012],{"class":95},[44,92709,83],{"class":58},[44,92711,1017],{"class":95},[44,92713,83],{"class":58},[44,92715,2574],{"class":95},[44,92717,3759],{"class":58},[30,92719,92721],{"id":92720},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92723,9005,92724,82275],{},[15,92725,36121],{},[35,92727,92729],{"className":37,"code":92728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92730,92731,92745,92763,92785,92813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92732,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92734,154],{"class":153},[44,92736,157],{"class":58},[44,92738,59932],{"class":153},[44,92740,157],{"class":58},[44,92742,2254],{"class":95},[44,92744,1869],{"class":58},[44,92746,92747,92749,92751,92753,92755,92757,92759,92761],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,92748,154],{"class":153},[44,92750,157],{"class":58},[44,92752,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92754,157],{"class":58},[44,92756,59932],{"class":153},[44,92758,157],{"class":58},[44,92760,2254],{"class":95},[44,92762,3031],{"class":58},[44,92764,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,92766,154],{"class":153},[44,92768,157],{"class":58},[44,92770,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92772,157],{"class":58},[44,92774,59932],{"class":153},[44,92776,157],{"class":58},[44,92778,2173],{"class":95},[44,92780,83],{"class":58},[44,92782,6489],{"class":95},[44,92784,3031],{"class":58},[44,92786,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803,92805,92807,92809,92811],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,92788,154],{"class":153},[44,92790,157],{"class":58},[44,92792,1878],{"class":1861},[44,92794,157],{"class":58},[44,92796,59932],{"class":153},[44,92798,157],{"class":58},[44,92800,2448],{"class":95},[44,92802,83],{"class":58},[44,92804,3959],{"class":95},[44,92806,83],{"class":58},[44,92808,2340],{"class":54},[44,92810,2173],{"class":95},[44,92812,3031],{"class":58},[44,92814,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,92816,154],{"class":153},[44,92818,157],{"class":58},[44,92820,1862],{"class":1861},[44,92822,157],{"class":58},[44,92824,59932],{"class":153},[44,92826,157],{"class":58},[44,92828,2254],{"class":95},[44,92830,3031],{"class":58},[20,92832,26077],{},[192,92834,92835,92838,92841],{},[195,92836,92837],{},"what values are being created",[195,92839,92840],{},"whether the direction is correct",[195,92842,92843,92844,24688],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92845,59932],{},[30,92847,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,92849,1963,92851,92853],{"id":92850},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92852,36121],{}," include the last number?",[20,92855,92856],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1960,92858,5288,92860,92862,92863,2610],{"id":92859},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92861,90789],{}," start at ",[15,92864,2237],{},[20,92866,92867,92868,108],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92869,2237],{},[1960,92871,1984,92873,92875],{"id":92872},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92874,36121],{}," count backward?",[20,92877,92878,92879,108],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92880,92881],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1960,92883,14989,92885,26112],{"id":92884},"is-range-a-list",[15,92886,36121],{},[20,92888,26115,92889,92891,92892,24009],{},[15,92890,59932],{}," object. Use ",[15,92893,92894],{},"list(range(...))",[1960,92896,5288,92898,48614],{"id":92897},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92899,92900],{},"range(input())",[20,92902,92903,3605,92905,108],{},[15,92904,3077],{},[15,92906,92907],{},"int(input())",[30,92909,2020],{"id":2019},[192,92911,92912,92916,92922,92928,92934],{},[195,92913,92914],{},[395,92915,35951],{"href":35950},[195,92917,92918],{},[395,92919,3697,92920,3630],{"href":42285},[15,92921,42288],{},[195,92923,92924],{},[395,92925,3697,92926,3630],{"href":91958},[15,92927,35671],{},[195,92929,92930],{},[395,92931,37443,92932,36532],{"href":36528},[15,92933,35671],{},[195,92935,92936],{},[395,92937,50454,92938],{"href":50453},[15,92939,50457],{},[2048,92941,92942],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":92944},[92945,92946,92948,92954,92962,92969,92971,92983,92984,92996],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":90798,"depth":102,"text":92947},"What range() does",{"id":90891,"depth":102,"text":92949,"children":92950},"range() syntax",[92951,92952,92953],{"id":90971,"depth":150,"text":90974},{"id":91035,"depth":150,"text":91038},{"id":91103,"depth":150,"text":91106},{"id":91174,"depth":102,"text":91175,"children":92955},[92956,92957,92958,92959,92960],{"id":91181,"depth":150,"text":90789},{"id":91244,"depth":150,"text":91247},{"id":91308,"depth":150,"text":91311},{"id":91384,"depth":150,"text":91385},{"id":76748,"depth":150,"text":92961},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91543,"depth":102,"text":92963,"children":92964},"Using range() in a for loop",[92965,92966,92967],{"id":91645,"depth":150,"text":91646},{"id":91690,"depth":150,"text":91691},{"id":91770,"depth":150,"text":92968},"range() and indexing",{"id":92045,"depth":102,"text":92970},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":92972},[92973,92974,92976,92977,92979,92981],{"id":92228,"depth":150,"text":92229},{"id":92324,"depth":150,"text":92975},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92390,"depth":150,"text":92391},{"id":92525,"depth":150,"text":92978},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92582,"depth":150,"text":92980},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92616,"depth":150,"text":92982},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92720,"depth":102,"text":92721},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":92985},[92986,92988,92990,92992,92994],{"id":92850,"depth":150,"text":92987},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92859,"depth":150,"text":92989},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92872,"depth":150,"text":92991},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92884,"depth":150,"text":92993},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92897,"depth":150,"text":92995},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90692,"description":92997},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93004,"title":93005,"body":93006,"description":94679,"extension":2080,"meta":94680,"navigation":682,"path":94681,"seo":94682,"stem":94683,"__hash__":94684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93007,"toc":94652},[93008,93017,93024,93041,93057,93059,93108,93116,93120,93123,93143,93145,93209,93211,93254,93257,93303,93305,93338,93348,93354,93362,93379,93381,93412,93414,93439,93444,93455,93458,93528,93530,93561,93566,93571,93588,93590,93641,93643,93676,93679,93686,93691,93695,93711,93713,93757,93759,93805,93808,93821,93826,93830,93844,93846,93897,93899,93932,93937,93939,93946,93948,93971,93973,94038,94040,94057,94060,94093,94095,94123,94133,94140,94144,94147,94165,94168,94196,94199,94217,94222,94228,94231,94253,94255,94283,94285,94288,94313,94316,94429,94431,94510,94512,94518,94523,94531,94539,94543,94546,94548,94581,94583,94591,94597,94604,94611,94614,94616,94649],[10,93009,3697,93011,10698,93013,93016],{"id":93010},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93012,36121],{},[15,93014,93015],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93018,93019,4523,93021,93023],{},[15,93020,36121],{},[15,93022,93015],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[192,93025,93026,93034],{},[195,93027,93028,93030,93031],{},[15,93029,36121],{}," creates a ",[3868,93032,93033],{},"range object",[195,93035,93036,93030,93038],{},[15,93037,93015],{},[3868,93039,93040],{},"real list",[20,93042,93043,93044,93046,93047,93050,93051,93053,93054,93056],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93045,90789],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93048,93049],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93052,36121],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93055,93015],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,93058,3731],{"id":3730},[35,93060,93062],{"className":37,"code":93061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93063,93064,93078,93091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93065,93066,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93067,3741],{"class":50},[44,93069,55],{"class":54},[44,93071,54002],{"class":153},[44,93073,157],{"class":58},[44,93075,2254],{"class":95},[44,93077,162],{"class":58},[44,93079,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93081,154],{"class":153},[44,93083,157],{"class":58},[44,93085,3773],{"class":111},[44,93087,3786],{"class":58},[44,93089,93090],{"class":168},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,93092,93093,93095,93097,93099,93101,93103,93105],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93094,154],{"class":153},[44,93096,157],{"class":58},[44,93098,1878],{"class":1861},[44,93100,157],{"class":58},[44,93102,3773],{"class":111},[44,93104,5491],{"class":58},[44,93106,93107],{"class":168},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93109,172,93110,93112,93113,93115],{},[15,93111,36121],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93114,93015],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,93117,93119],{"id":93118},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93121,93122],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[192,93124,93125,93132,93137,93140],{},[195,93126,93127,22046,93129,93131],{},[15,93128,36121],{},[3868,93130,93033],{},", not a list",[195,93133,93134,93136],{},[15,93135,93015],{}," converts that range object into a list",[195,93138,93139],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[195,93141,93142],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93144,223],{},[35,93146,93148],{"className":37,"code":93147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93149,93150,93165,93184,93188,93198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93151,93152,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93153,93154],{"class":50},"r ",[44,93156,55],{"class":54},[44,93158,54002],{"class":153},[44,93160,157],{"class":58},[44,93162,2254],{"class":95},[44,93164,162],{"class":58},[44,93166,93167,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93180,93182],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93168,93169],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,93171,55],{"class":54},[44,93173,22630],{"class":1861},[44,93175,157],{"class":58},[44,93177,59932],{"class":153},[44,93179,157],{"class":58},[44,93181,2254],{"class":95},[44,93183,1869],{"class":58},[44,93185,93186],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93187,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,93189,93190,93192,93194,93196],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,93191,154],{"class":153},[44,93193,157],{"class":58},[44,93195,60439],{"class":111},[44,93197,162],{"class":58},[44,93199,93200,93202,93204,93207],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,93201,154],{"class":153},[44,93203,157],{"class":58},[44,93205,93206],{"class":111},"lst",[44,93208,162],{"class":58},[20,93210,330],{},[35,93212,93214],{"className":37,"code":93213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93215,93216,93230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93217,93218,93220,93222,93224,93226,93228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93219,59932],{"class":153},[44,93221,157],{"class":58},[44,93223,2237],{"class":95},[44,93225,83],{"class":58},[44,93227,4736],{"class":95},[44,93229,162],{"class":58},[44,93231,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93233,4027],{"class":58},[44,93235,2237],{"class":95},[44,93237,83],{"class":58},[44,93239,504],{"class":95},[44,93241,83],{"class":58},[44,93243,1012],{"class":95},[44,93245,83],{"class":58},[44,93247,1017],{"class":95},[44,93249,83],{"class":58},[44,93251,2574],{"class":95},[44,93253,3759],{"class":58},[20,93255,93256],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,93258,93260],{"className":37,"code":93259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93261,93262,93280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93263,93264,93266,93268,93270,93272,93274,93276,93278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93265,154],{"class":153},[44,93267,157],{"class":58},[44,93269,1862],{"class":1861},[44,93271,157],{"class":58},[44,93273,59932],{"class":153},[44,93275,157],{"class":58},[44,93277,2254],{"class":95},[44,93279,3031],{"class":58},[44,93281,93282,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93283,154],{"class":153},[44,93285,157],{"class":58},[44,93287,1862],{"class":1861},[44,93289,157],{"class":58},[44,93291,1878],{"class":1861},[44,93293,157],{"class":58},[44,93295,59932],{"class":153},[44,93297,157],{"class":58},[44,93299,2254],{"class":95},[44,93301,93302],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,93304,330],{},[35,93306,93308],{"className":37,"code":93307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93309,93310,93324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93311,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93313,3411],{"class":54},[44,93315,3414],{"class":2182},[44,93317,352],{"class":62},[44,93319,59932],{"class":66},[44,93321,343],{"class":62},[44,93323,3423],{"class":54},[44,93325,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334,93336],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93327,3411],{"class":54},[44,93329,3414],{"class":2182},[44,93331,352],{"class":62},[44,93333,1878],{"class":66},[44,93335,343],{"class":62},[44,93337,3423],{"class":54},[20,93339,93340,93341,93343,93344,108],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93342,36121],{}," works, see ",[395,93345,3697,93346,3630],{"href":92999},[15,93347,36121],{},[30,93349,179,93351,93353],{"id":93350},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93352,36121],{}," gives you",[20,93355,93356,93358,93359,93361],{},[15,93357,36121],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93360,6087],{}," loops.",[192,93363,93364,93367,93370,93373],{},[195,93365,93366],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[195,93368,93369],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[195,93371,93372],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[195,93374,93375,93376],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93377,93378],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93380,223],{},[35,93382,93384],{"className":37,"code":93383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93385,93386,93402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93387,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396,93398,93400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93389,6087],{"class":4002},[44,93391,69483],{"class":50},[44,93393,4009],{"class":4002},[44,93395,54002],{"class":153},[44,93397,157],{"class":58},[44,93399,2254],{"class":95},[44,93401,8473],{"class":58},[44,93403,93404,93406,93408,93410],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93405,8200],{"class":153},[44,93407,157],{"class":58},[44,93409,36077],{"class":111},[44,93411,162],{"class":58},[20,93413,330],{},[35,93415,93417],{"className":37,"code":93416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93418,93419,93423,93427,93431,93435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93420,93421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93422,47181],{"class":95},[44,93424,93425],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93426,46846],{"class":95},[44,93428,93429],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93430,17137],{"class":95},[44,93432,93433],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,93434,46546],{"class":95},[44,93436,93437],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,93438,48580],{"class":95},[20,93440,20843,93441,93443],{},[15,93442,90789],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93445,93446,93447,93449,93450,108],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93448,36121],{}," is so common with ",[395,93451,3697,93453,90820],{"href":93452},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93454,6087],{},[20,93456,93457],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93459,93461],{"className":37,"code":93460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93462,93463,93485,93489,93499,93513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93464,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473,93475,93477,93479,93481,93483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93466,93154],{"class":50},[44,93468,55],{"class":54},[44,93470,54002],{"class":153},[44,93472,157],{"class":58},[44,93474,2173],{"class":95},[44,93476,83],{"class":58},[44,93478,528],{"class":95},[44,93480,83],{"class":58},[44,93482,1012],{"class":95},[44,93484,162],{"class":58},[44,93486,93487],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93488,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,93490,93491,93493,93495,93497],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93492,154],{"class":153},[44,93494,157],{"class":58},[44,93496,60439],{"class":111},[44,93498,162],{"class":58},[44,93500,93501,93503,93505,93507,93509,93511],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,93502,154],{"class":153},[44,93504,157],{"class":58},[44,93506,11271],{"class":153},[44,93508,157],{"class":58},[44,93510,60439],{"class":111},[44,93512,1869],{"class":58},[44,93514,93515,93517,93519,93521,93523,93526],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,93516,154],{"class":153},[44,93518,157],{"class":58},[44,93520,80529],{"class":95},[44,93522,21245],{"class":4002},[44,93524,93525],{"class":111}," r",[44,93527,162],{"class":58},[20,93529,330],{},[35,93531,93533],{"className":37,"code":93532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93534,93535,93553,93557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93536,93537,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93538,59932],{"class":153},[44,93540,157],{"class":58},[44,93542,2173],{"class":95},[44,93544,83],{"class":58},[44,93546,528],{"class":95},[44,93548,83],{"class":58},[44,93550,1012],{"class":95},[44,93552,162],{"class":58},[44,93554,93555],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93556,48580],{"class":95},[44,93558,93559],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93560,4107],{"class":1400},[30,93562,179,93564,93353],{"id":93563},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93565,93015],{},[20,93567,93568,93570],{},[15,93569,93015],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[192,93572,93573,93576,93579,93582],{},[195,93574,93575],{},"It creates all values at once",[195,93577,93578],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[195,93580,93581],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[195,93583,93584,93585,93587],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93586,36121],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93589,223],{},[35,93591,93593],{"className":37,"code":93592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93594,93595,93613,93617,93627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93596,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93598,3741],{"class":50},[44,93600,55],{"class":54},[44,93602,22630],{"class":1861},[44,93604,157],{"class":58},[44,93606,59932],{"class":153},[44,93608,157],{"class":58},[44,93610,2254],{"class":95},[44,93612,1869],{"class":58},[44,93614,93615],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93616,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,93618,93619,93621,93623,93625],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93620,154],{"class":153},[44,93622,157],{"class":58},[44,93624,3773],{"class":111},[44,93626,162],{"class":58},[44,93628,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,93630,154],{"class":153},[44,93632,157],{"class":58},[44,93634,3773],{"class":111},[44,93636,4027],{"class":58},[44,93638,2173],{"class":95},[44,93640,4015],{"class":58},[20,93642,330],{},[35,93644,93646],{"className":37,"code":93645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93647,93648,93672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93649,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93651,4027],{"class":58},[44,93653,2237],{"class":95},[44,93655,83],{"class":58},[44,93657,504],{"class":95},[44,93659,83],{"class":58},[44,93661,1012],{"class":95},[44,93663,83],{"class":58},[44,93665,1017],{"class":95},[44,93667,83],{"class":58},[44,93669,2574],{"class":95},[44,93671,3759],{"class":58},[44,93673,93674],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93675,17137],{"class":95},[20,93677,93678],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93680,93681,93682,108],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[395,93683,3697,93684,3630],{"href":64782},[15,93685,24849],{},[30,93687,1551,93689],{"id":93688},"when-to-use-range",[15,93690,36121],{},[20,93692,172,93693,1558],{},[15,93694,36121],{},[192,93696,93697,93702,93705,93708],{},[195,93698,93699,93700,91549],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93701,6087],{},[195,93703,93704],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[195,93706,93707],{},"You are working with large sequences",[195,93709,93710],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93712,223],{},[35,93714,93716],{"className":37,"code":93715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93717,93718,93738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93719,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93721,6087],{"class":4002},[44,93723,69483],{"class":50},[44,93725,4009],{"class":4002},[44,93727,54002],{"class":153},[44,93729,157],{"class":58},[44,93731,3108],{"class":95},[44,93733,83],{"class":58},[44,93735,37568],{"class":95},[44,93737,8473],{"class":58},[44,93739,93740,93742,93744,93746,93749,93751,93753,93755],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93741,8200],{"class":153},[44,93743,157],{"class":58},[44,93745,63],{"class":62},[44,93747,93748],{"class":66},"Count:",[44,93750,63],{"class":62},[44,93752,83],{"class":58},[44,93754,36052],{"class":111},[44,93756,162],{"class":58},[20,93758,330],{},[35,93760,93762],{"className":37,"code":93761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93763,93764,93773,93781,93789,93797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93765,93766,93769,93771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93767,93768],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93770,72],{"class":58},[44,93772,29681],{"class":95},[44,93774,93775,93777,93779],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93776,93768],{"class":50},[44,93778,72],{"class":58},[44,93780,45518],{"class":95},[44,93782,93783,93785,93787],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93784,93768],{"class":50},[44,93786,72],{"class":58},[44,93788,2696],{"class":95},[44,93790,93791,93793,93795],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,93792,93768],{"class":50},[44,93794,72],{"class":58},[44,93796,23734],{"class":95},[44,93798,93799,93801,93803],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,93800,93768],{"class":50},[44,93802,72],{"class":58},[44,93804,34763],{"class":95},[20,93806,93807],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93809,93810,93811,93813,93814,62222,93816,108],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93812,35671],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93815,36522],{},[395,93817,36529,93819,36532],{"href":93818},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93820,35671],{},[30,93822,1551,93824],{"id":93823},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93825,93015],{},[20,93827,172,93828,1558],{},[15,93829,93015],{},[192,93831,93832,93835,93838,93841],{},[195,93833,93834],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[195,93836,93837],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[195,93839,93840],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[195,93842,93843],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93845,223],{},[35,93847,93849],{"className":37,"code":93848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93850,93851,93869,93883,93887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93852,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93854,3741],{"class":50},[44,93856,55],{"class":54},[44,93858,22630],{"class":1861},[44,93860,157],{"class":58},[44,93862,59932],{"class":153},[44,93864,157],{"class":58},[44,93866,2254],{"class":95},[44,93868,1869],{"class":58},[44,93870,93871,93873,93875,93877,93879,93881],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93872,3773],{"class":50},[44,93874,108],{"class":58},[44,93876,13646],{"class":111},[44,93878,157],{"class":58},[44,93880,2254],{"class":95},[44,93882,162],{"class":58},[44,93884,93885],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93886,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,93888,93889,93891,93893,93895],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,93890,154],{"class":153},[44,93892,157],{"class":58},[44,93894,3773],{"class":111},[44,93896,162],{"class":58},[20,93898,330],{},[35,93900,93902],{"className":37,"code":93901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93903,93904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93905,93906,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93907,4027],{"class":58},[44,93909,2237],{"class":95},[44,93911,83],{"class":58},[44,93913,504],{"class":95},[44,93915,83],{"class":58},[44,93917,1012],{"class":95},[44,93919,83],{"class":58},[44,93921,1017],{"class":95},[44,93923,83],{"class":58},[44,93925,2574],{"class":95},[44,93927,83],{"class":58},[44,93929,4736],{"class":95},[44,93931,3759],{"class":58},[20,93933,6189,93934,93936],{},[15,93935,3773],{}," is a list.",[30,93938,15682],{"id":15681},[20,93940,93941,93943,93944,108],{},[15,93942,36121],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3868,93945,37522],{},[20,93947,2224],{},[192,93949,93950,93952,93957,93962,93965],{},[195,93951,22056],{},[195,93953,93954,93955],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93956,42288],{},[195,93958,93959,93960],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93961,4009],{},[195,93963,93964],{},"You can index it",[195,93966,93967,93968,93970],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93969,52584],{}," do not work on it",[20,93972,223],{},[35,93974,93976],{"className":37,"code":93975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93977,93978,93992,93996,94010,94024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93979,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988,93990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93981,93154],{"class":50},[44,93983,55],{"class":54},[44,93985,54002],{"class":153},[44,93987,157],{"class":58},[44,93989,2254],{"class":95},[44,93991,162],{"class":58},[44,93993,93994],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,93995,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,93997,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006,94008],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,93999,154],{"class":153},[44,94001,157],{"class":58},[44,94003,60439],{"class":111},[44,94005,4027],{"class":58},[44,94007,2173],{"class":95},[44,94009,4015],{"class":58},[44,94011,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020,94022],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,94013,154],{"class":153},[44,94015,157],{"class":58},[44,94017,11271],{"class":153},[44,94019,157],{"class":58},[44,94021,60439],{"class":111},[44,94023,1869],{"class":58},[44,94025,94026,94028,94030,94032,94034,94036],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,94027,154],{"class":153},[44,94029,157],{"class":58},[44,94031,2179],{"class":95},[44,94033,21245],{"class":4002},[44,94035,93525],{"class":111},[44,94037,162],{"class":58},[20,94039,330],{},[35,94041,94043],{"className":37,"code":94042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94044,94045,94049,94053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94046,94047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94048,17137],{"class":95},[44,94050,94051],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94052,3066],{"class":95},[44,94054,94055],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,94056,4107],{"class":1400},[20,94058,94059],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,94061,94063],{"className":37,"code":94062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94064,94065,94079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94066,94067,94069,94071,94073,94075,94077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94068,93154],{"class":50},[44,94070,55],{"class":54},[44,94072,54002],{"class":153},[44,94074,157],{"class":58},[44,94076,2254],{"class":95},[44,94078,162],{"class":58},[44,94080,94081,94083,94085,94087,94089,94091],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94082,60439],{"class":50},[44,94084,108],{"class":58},[44,94086,13646],{"class":111},[44,94088,157],{"class":58},[44,94090,2254],{"class":95},[44,94092,162],{"class":58},[20,94094,330],{},[35,94096,94098],{"className":37,"code":94097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94099,94100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94101,94102,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114,94117,94119,94121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94103,25740],{"class":1861},[44,94105,72],{"class":58},[44,94107,352],{"class":62},[44,94109,59932],{"class":66},[44,94111,343],{"class":62},[44,94113,24688],{"class":1861},[44,94115,94116],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,94118,343],{"class":62},[44,94120,13646],{"class":66},[44,94122,29766],{"class":62},[20,94124,94125,94126,2307,94128,2311,94130,94132],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94127,52584],{},[15,94129,55461],{},[15,94131,64246],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94134,94135,94136,108],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[395,94137,25748,94138],{"href":35341},[15,94139,34175],{},[30,94141,94143],{"id":94142},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94145,94146],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,94148,94149],{"className":37,"code":92625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94150,94151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94152,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94154,154],{"class":153},[44,94156,157],{"class":58},[44,94158,59932],{"class":153},[44,94160,157],{"class":58},[44,94162,2254],{"class":95},[44,94164,1869],{"class":58},[20,94166,94167],{},"to show:",[35,94169,94170],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94171,94172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94173,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190,94192,94194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94175,4027],{"class":58},[44,94177,2237],{"class":95},[44,94179,83],{"class":58},[44,94181,504],{"class":95},[44,94183,83],{"class":58},[44,94185,1012],{"class":95},[44,94187,83],{"class":58},[44,94189,1017],{"class":95},[44,94191,83],{"class":58},[44,94193,2574],{"class":95},[44,94195,3759],{"class":58},[20,94197,94198],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,94200,94201],{"className":37,"code":92646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94202,94203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94204,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94206,59932],{"class":153},[44,94208,157],{"class":58},[44,94210,2237],{"class":95},[44,94212,83],{"class":58},[44,94214,4736],{"class":95},[44,94216,162],{"class":58},[20,94218,4759,94219,94221],{},[3868,94220,4762],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94223,94224,94225,94227],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3868,94226,93033],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94229,94230],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,94232,94233],{"className":37,"code":90982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94234,94235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94236,94237,94239,94241,94243,94245,94247,94249,94251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94238,154],{"class":153},[44,94240,157],{"class":58},[44,94242,1878],{"class":1861},[44,94244,157],{"class":58},[44,94246,59932],{"class":153},[44,94248,157],{"class":58},[44,94250,2254],{"class":95},[44,94252,3031],{"class":58},[20,94254,330],{},[35,94256,94257],{"className":37,"code":59955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94258,94259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94260,94261,94263,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275,94277,94279,94281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94262,4027],{"class":58},[44,94264,2237],{"class":95},[44,94266,83],{"class":58},[44,94268,504],{"class":95},[44,94270,83],{"class":58},[44,94272,1012],{"class":95},[44,94274,83],{"class":58},[44,94276,1017],{"class":95},[44,94278,83],{"class":58},[44,94280,2574],{"class":95},[44,94282,3759],{"class":58},[30,94284,1803],{"id":1802},[20,94286,94287],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[192,94289,94290,94296,94299,94305],{},[195,94291,567,94292,94295],{},[15,94293,94294],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[195,94297,94298],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[195,94300,94301,94302,94304],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94303,36121],{}," is iterable but not a list",[195,94306,567,94307,94309,94310,94312],{},[15,94308,93015],{}," when plain ",[15,94311,36121],{}," would be simpler",[20,94314,94315],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,94317,94319],{"className":37,"code":94318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94320,94321,94335,94353,94371,94393,94411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94322,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94324,154],{"class":153},[44,94326,157],{"class":58},[44,94328,59932],{"class":153},[44,94330,157],{"class":58},[44,94332,2254],{"class":95},[44,94334,1869],{"class":58},[44,94336,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94338,154],{"class":153},[44,94340,157],{"class":58},[44,94342,1878],{"class":1861},[44,94344,157],{"class":58},[44,94346,59932],{"class":153},[44,94348,157],{"class":58},[44,94350,2254],{"class":95},[44,94352,3031],{"class":58},[44,94354,94355,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,94356,154],{"class":153},[44,94358,157],{"class":58},[44,94360,1862],{"class":1861},[44,94362,157],{"class":58},[44,94364,59932],{"class":153},[44,94366,157],{"class":58},[44,94368,2254],{"class":95},[44,94370,3031],{"class":58},[44,94372,94373,94375,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,94374,154],{"class":153},[44,94376,157],{"class":58},[44,94378,1862],{"class":1861},[44,94380,157],{"class":58},[44,94382,1878],{"class":1861},[44,94384,157],{"class":58},[44,94386,59932],{"class":153},[44,94388,157],{"class":58},[44,94390,2254],{"class":95},[44,94392,93302],{"class":58},[44,94394,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,94396,154],{"class":153},[44,94398,157],{"class":58},[44,94400,2179],{"class":95},[44,94402,21245],{"class":4002},[44,94404,54002],{"class":153},[44,94406,157],{"class":58},[44,94408,2254],{"class":95},[44,94410,1869],{"class":58},[44,94412,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,94414,154],{"class":153},[44,94416,157],{"class":58},[44,94418,11271],{"class":153},[44,94420,157],{"class":58},[44,94422,59932],{"class":153},[44,94424,157],{"class":58},[44,94426,2254],{"class":95},[44,94428,3031],{"class":58},[20,94430,330],{},[35,94432,94434],{"className":37,"code":94433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94435,94436,94450,94474,94488,94502,94506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94437,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94439,59932],{"class":153},[44,94441,157],{"class":58},[44,94443,2237],{"class":95},[44,94445,83],{"class":58},[44,94447,4736],{"class":95},[44,94449,162],{"class":58},[44,94451,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94453,4027],{"class":58},[44,94455,2237],{"class":95},[44,94457,83],{"class":58},[44,94459,504],{"class":95},[44,94461,83],{"class":58},[44,94463,1012],{"class":95},[44,94465,83],{"class":58},[44,94467,1017],{"class":95},[44,94469,83],{"class":58},[44,94471,2574],{"class":95},[44,94473,3759],{"class":58},[44,94475,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484,94486],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,94477,3411],{"class":54},[44,94479,3414],{"class":2182},[44,94481,352],{"class":62},[44,94483,59932],{"class":66},[44,94485,343],{"class":62},[44,94487,3423],{"class":54},[44,94489,94490,94492,94494,94496,94498,94500],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,94491,3411],{"class":54},[44,94493,3414],{"class":2182},[44,94495,352],{"class":62},[44,94497,1878],{"class":66},[44,94499,343],{"class":62},[44,94501,3423],{"class":54},[44,94503,94504],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,94505,4107],{"class":1400},[44,94507,94508],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,94509,3066],{"class":95},[30,94511,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,94513,14989,94515,94517],{"id":94514},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94516,36121],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94519,46294,94520,94522],{},[15,94521,36121],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1960,94524,94526,94527,11202,94529,2610],{"id":94525},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94528,36121],{},[15,94530,93015],{},[20,94532,94533,94535,94536,94538],{},[15,94534,36121],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94537,93015],{}," creates a full list.",[1960,94540,94542],{"id":94541},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94544,94545],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94547,223],{},[35,94549,94551],{"className":37,"code":94550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94552,94553,94567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94554,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94556,93154],{"class":50},[44,94558,55],{"class":54},[44,94560,54002],{"class":153},[44,94562,157],{"class":58},[44,94564,2254],{"class":95},[44,94566,162],{"class":58},[44,94568,94569,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94570,154],{"class":153},[44,94572,157],{"class":58},[44,94574,60439],{"class":111},[44,94576,4027],{"class":58},[44,94578,3108],{"class":95},[44,94580,4015],{"class":58},[20,94582,330],{},[35,94584,94585],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94586,94587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94588,94589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94590,46846],{"class":95},[1960,94592,5288,94594,94596],{"id":94593},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94595,94294],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94598,94599,94600,94603],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94601,94602],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1960,94605,94607,94608,94610],{"id":94606},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94609,36121],{}," to a list?",[20,94612,94613],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94615,2020],{"id":2019},[192,94617,94618,94624,94630,94637,94643],{},[195,94619,94620],{},[395,94621,3697,94622,3630],{"href":92999},[15,94623,36121],{},[195,94625,94626],{},[395,94627,3697,94628,3630],{"href":64782},[15,94629,24849],{},[195,94631,94632],{},[395,94633,3697,94634,94636],{"href":93452},[15,94635,6087],{}," loops explained",[195,94638,94639],{},[395,94640,37443,94641,36532],{"href":93818},[15,94642,35671],{},[195,94644,94645],{},[395,94646,26190,94647],{"href":35341},[15,94648,34175],{},[2048,94650,94651],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":94653},[94654,94655,94656,94658,94660,94662,94664,94665,94666,94667,94678],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":93118,"depth":102,"text":93119},{"id":93350,"depth":102,"text":94657},"What range() gives you",{"id":93563,"depth":102,"text":94659},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93688,"depth":102,"text":94661},"When to use range()",{"id":93823,"depth":102,"text":94663},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15681,"depth":102,"text":15682},{"id":94142,"depth":102,"text":94143},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":94668},[94669,94671,94673,94674,94676],{"id":94514,"depth":150,"text":94670},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94525,"depth":150,"text":94672},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94541,"depth":150,"text":94542},{"id":94593,"depth":150,"text":94675},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94606,"depth":150,"text":94677},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93005,"description":94679},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94686,"title":94687,"body":94688,"description":96124,"extension":2080,"meta":96125,"navigation":682,"path":96126,"seo":96127,"stem":96128,"__hash__":96129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94689,"toc":96090},[94690,94696,94701,94704,94718,94721,94723,94762,94764,94777,94785,94790,94806,94809,94811,94813,94834,94851,94854,94913,94915,94934,94939,94945,94948,94982,94984,94997,95000,95045,95047,95070,95077,95083,95086,95127,95129,95143,95146,95204,95206,95221,95234,95240,95246,95311,95313,95332,95334,95352,95355,95359,95365,95367,95400,95402,95415,95425,95428,95489,95491,95512,95515,95517,95533,95538,95542,95547,95552,95608,95610,95628,95631,95676,95678,95686,95691,95695,95709,95711,95743,95745,95754,95756,95760,95769,95772,95804,95806,95818,95821,95825,95830,95871,95873,95881,95884,95907,95911,95913,95922,95925,95978,95980,95989,95993,95998,96009,96011,96020,96023,96029,96032,96038,96048,96056,96063,96065,96087],[10,94691,3697,94693,3701],{"id":94692},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94694,94695],{},"round()",[20,94697,9253,94698,94700],{},[15,94699,94695],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94702,94703],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[192,94705,94706,94712],{},[195,94707,94708,94711],{},[15,94709,94710],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[195,94713,94714,94717],{},[15,94715,94716],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94719,94720],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94722,33],{"id":32},[35,94724,94726],{"className":37,"code":94725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94727,94728,94744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94729,94730,94732,94734,94737,94739,94742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94731,154],{"class":153},[44,94733,157],{"class":58},[44,94735,94736],{"class":153},"round",[44,94738,157],{"class":58},[44,94740,94741],{"class":95},"3.14159",[44,94743,1869],{"class":58},[44,94745,94746,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94747,154],{"class":153},[44,94749,157],{"class":58},[44,94751,94736],{"class":153},[44,94753,157],{"class":58},[44,94755,94741],{"class":95},[44,94757,83],{"class":58},[44,94759,1012],{"class":95},[44,94761,1869],{"class":58},[20,94763,330],{},[35,94765,94767],{"className":37,"code":94766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94768,94769,94773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94770,94771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94772,46546],{"class":95},[44,94774,94775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94776,40103],{"class":95},[20,94778,172,94779,94781,94782,94784],{},[15,94780,94710],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94783,94716],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94786,179,94788,182],{"id":94787},"what-round-does",[15,94789,94695],{},[192,94791,94792,94797,94800,94803],{},[195,94793,94794,94796],{},[15,94795,94695],{}," is a built-in Python function",[195,94798,94799],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[195,94801,94802],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[195,94804,94805],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94807,94808],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94810,402],{"id":401},[20,94812,2277],{},[35,94814,94816],{"className":37,"code":94815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94817,94818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94819,94820,94822,94824,94826,94829,94832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94821,94736],{"class":153},[44,94823,157],{"class":58},[44,94825,2357],{"class":111},[44,94827,94828],{"class":58},"[,",[44,94830,94831],{"class":111}," ndigits",[44,94833,4015],{"class":58},[192,94835,94836,94841,94846],{},[195,94837,94838,94840],{},[15,94839,2357],{}," is the value to round",[195,94842,94843,20113],{},[15,94844,94845],{},"ndigits",[195,94847,94848,94850],{},[15,94849,94845],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94852,94853],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94855,94857],{"className":37,"code":94856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94858,94859,94874,94892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94860,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869,94872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94862,154],{"class":153},[44,94864,157],{"class":58},[44,94866,94736],{"class":153},[44,94868,157],{"class":58},[44,94870,94871],{"class":95},"7.8",[44,94873,1869],{"class":58},[44,94875,94876,94878,94880,94882,94884,94886,94888,94890],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94877,154],{"class":153},[44,94879,157],{"class":58},[44,94881,94736],{"class":153},[44,94883,157],{"class":58},[44,94885,94871],{"class":95},[44,94887,83],{"class":58},[44,94889,504],{"class":95},[44,94891,1869],{"class":58},[44,94893,94894,94896,94898,94900,94902,94905,94907,94909,94911],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,94895,154],{"class":153},[44,94897,157],{"class":58},[44,94899,94736],{"class":153},[44,94901,157],{"class":58},[44,94903,94904],{"class":95},"1234",[44,94906,83],{"class":58},[44,94908,2340],{"class":54},[44,94910,2173],{"class":95},[44,94912,1869],{"class":58},[20,94914,330],{},[35,94916,94918],{"className":37,"code":94917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94919,94920,94924,94929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94921,94922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94923,2499],{"class":95},[44,94925,94926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94927,94928],{"class":95},"7.8\n",[44,94930,94931],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,94932,94933],{"class":95},"1200\n",[20,94935,94936,94937,108],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[395,94938,2537],{"href":2536},[30,94940,567,94942,94944],{"id":94941},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94943,94695],{}," with one argument",[20,94946,94947],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94949,94951],{"className":37,"code":94950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94952,94953,94967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94954,94955,94957,94959,94961,94963,94965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94956,154],{"class":153},[44,94958,157],{"class":58},[44,94960,94736],{"class":153},[44,94962,157],{"class":58},[44,94964,2480],{"class":95},[44,94966,1869],{"class":58},[44,94968,94969,94971,94973,94975,94977,94980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94970,154],{"class":153},[44,94972,157],{"class":58},[44,94974,94736],{"class":153},[44,94976,157],{"class":58},[44,94978,94979],{"class":95},"4.8",[44,94981,1869],{"class":58},[20,94983,330],{},[35,94985,94987],{"className":37,"code":94986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94988,94989,94993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94990,94991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94992,48580],{"class":95},[44,94994,94995],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,94996,3066],{"class":95},[20,94998,94999],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,95001,95003],{"className":37,"code":95002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95004,95005,95021,95031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95006,95007,95009,95011,95014,95016,95019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95008,1340],{"class":50},[44,95010,55],{"class":54},[44,95012,95013],{"class":153}," round",[44,95015,157],{"class":58},[44,95017,95018],{"class":95},"10.2",[44,95020,162],{"class":58},[44,95022,95023,95025,95027,95029],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95024,154],{"class":153},[44,95026,157],{"class":58},[44,95028,1376],{"class":111},[44,95030,162],{"class":58},[44,95032,95033,95035,95037,95039,95041,95043],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95034,154],{"class":153},[44,95036,157],{"class":58},[44,95038,1862],{"class":1861},[44,95040,157],{"class":58},[44,95042,1376],{"class":111},[44,95044,1869],{"class":58},[20,95046,330],{},[35,95048,95050],{"className":37,"code":95049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95051,95052,95056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95053,95054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95055,2494],{"class":95},[44,95057,95058,95060,95062,95064,95066,95068],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95059,3411],{"class":54},[44,95061,3414],{"class":2182},[44,95063,352],{"class":62},[44,95065,2306],{"class":66},[44,95067,343],{"class":62},[44,95069,3423],{"class":54},[20,95071,95072,95073,108],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[395,95074,3697,95075,3630],{"href":2993},[15,95076,2996],{},[30,95078,567,95080,95082],{"id":95079},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95081,94695],{}," with decimal places",[20,95084,95085],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,95087,95089],{"className":37,"code":95088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95090,95091,95109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95092,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103,95105,95107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95094,154],{"class":153},[44,95096,157],{"class":58},[44,95098,94736],{"class":153},[44,95100,157],{"class":58},[44,95102,94741],{"class":95},[44,95104,83],{"class":58},[44,95106,1012],{"class":95},[44,95108,1869],{"class":58},[44,95110,95111,95113,95115,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95112,154],{"class":153},[44,95114,157],{"class":58},[44,95116,94736],{"class":153},[44,95118,157],{"class":58},[44,95120,94741],{"class":95},[44,95122,83],{"class":58},[44,95124,1017],{"class":95},[44,95126,1869],{"class":58},[20,95128,330],{},[35,95130,95132],{"className":37,"code":95131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95133,95134,95138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95135,95136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95137,40103],{"class":95},[44,95139,95140],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95141,95142],{"class":95},"3.142\n",[20,95144,95145],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,95147,95149],{"className":37,"code":95148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95150,95151,95160,95179,95183,95193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95152,95153,95155,95157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95154,40313],{"class":50},[44,95156,55],{"class":54},[44,95158,95159],{"class":95}," 19.9876\n",[44,95161,95162,95165,95167,95169,95171,95173,95175,95177],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95163,95164],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,95166,55],{"class":54},[44,95168,95013],{"class":153},[44,95170,157],{"class":58},[44,95172,25218],{"class":111},[44,95174,83],{"class":58},[44,95176,1012],{"class":95},[44,95178,162],{"class":58},[44,95180,95181],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95182,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,95184,95185,95187,95189,95191],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95186,154],{"class":153},[44,95188,157],{"class":58},[44,95190,25218],{"class":111},[44,95192,162],{"class":58},[44,95194,95195,95197,95199,95202],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,95196,154],{"class":153},[44,95198,157],{"class":58},[44,95200,95201],{"class":111},"rounded_price",[44,95203,162],{"class":58},[20,95205,330],{},[35,95207,95209],{"className":37,"code":95208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95210,95211,95216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95212,95213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95214,95215],{"class":95},"19.9876\n",[44,95217,95218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95219,95220],{"class":95},"19.99\n",[20,95222,95223,95224,95227,95228,2997,95230,108],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95225,95226],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[395,95229,40818],{"href":40817},[395,95231,3697,95232,3630],{"href":3000},[15,95233,3003],{},[30,95235,95237,95238],{"id":95236},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95239,94845],{},[20,95241,95242,95243,95245],{},"A negative ",[15,95244,94845],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,95247,95249],{"className":37,"code":95248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95250,95251,95271,95291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95252,95253,95255,95257,95259,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95254,154],{"class":153},[44,95256,157],{"class":58},[44,95258,94736],{"class":153},[44,95260,157],{"class":58},[44,95262,94904],{"class":95},[44,95264,83],{"class":58},[44,95266,2340],{"class":54},[44,95268,3108],{"class":95},[44,95270,1869],{"class":58},[44,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283,95285,95287,95289],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95274,154],{"class":153},[44,95276,157],{"class":58},[44,95278,94736],{"class":153},[44,95280,157],{"class":58},[44,95282,94904],{"class":95},[44,95284,83],{"class":58},[44,95286,2340],{"class":54},[44,95288,2173],{"class":95},[44,95290,1869],{"class":58},[44,95292,95293,95295,95297,95299,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95294,154],{"class":153},[44,95296,157],{"class":58},[44,95298,94736],{"class":153},[44,95300,157],{"class":58},[44,95302,94904],{"class":95},[44,95304,83],{"class":58},[44,95306,2340],{"class":54},[44,95308,2179],{"class":95},[44,95310,1869],{"class":58},[20,95312,330],{},[35,95314,95316],{"className":37,"code":95315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95317,95318,95323,95327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95319,95320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95321,95322],{"class":95},"1230\n",[44,95324,95325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95326,94933],{"class":95},[44,95328,95329],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95330,95331],{"class":95},"1000\n",[20,95333,65519],{},[192,95335,95336,95341,95347],{},[195,95337,95338,95340],{},[15,95339,65789],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[195,95342,95343,95346],{},[15,95344,95345],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[195,95348,95349,95351],{},[15,95350,47600],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95353,95354],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95356,95358],{"id":95357},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95360,95361,95362,108],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95363,95364],{},".5",[20,95366,5602],{},[35,95368,95370],{"className":37,"code":95369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95371,95372,95386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95373,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95375,154],{"class":153},[44,95377,157],{"class":58},[44,95379,94736],{"class":153},[44,95381,157],{"class":58},[44,95383,41085],{"class":95},[44,95385,1869],{"class":58},[44,95387,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95389,154],{"class":153},[44,95391,157],{"class":58},[44,95393,94736],{"class":153},[44,95395,157],{"class":58},[44,95397,2156],{"class":95},[44,95399,1869],{"class":58},[20,95401,330],{},[35,95403,95405],{"className":37,"code":95404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95406,95407,95411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95408,95409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95410,17137],{"class":95},[44,95412,95413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95414,48580],{"class":95},[20,95416,95417,95418,95421,95422,95424],{},"Python uses ",[3868,95419,95420],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95423,95364],{}," situations.",[20,95426,95427],{},"More examples:",[35,95429,95431],{"className":37,"code":95430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95432,95433,95447,95461,95475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95434,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443,95445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95436,154],{"class":153},[44,95438,157],{"class":58},[44,95440,94736],{"class":153},[44,95442,157],{"class":58},[44,95444,41098],{"class":95},[44,95446,1869],{"class":58},[44,95448,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457,95459],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95450,154],{"class":153},[44,95452,157],{"class":58},[44,95454,94736],{"class":153},[44,95456,157],{"class":58},[44,95458,41085],{"class":95},[44,95460,1869],{"class":58},[44,95462,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471,95473],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95464,154],{"class":153},[44,95466,157],{"class":58},[44,95468,94736],{"class":153},[44,95470,157],{"class":58},[44,95472,2156],{"class":95},[44,95474,1869],{"class":58},[44,95476,95477,95479,95481,95483,95485,95487],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95478,154],{"class":153},[44,95480,157],{"class":58},[44,95482,94736],{"class":153},[44,95484,157],{"class":58},[44,95486,41050],{"class":95},[44,95488,1869],{"class":58},[20,95490,330],{},[35,95492,95494],{"className":37,"code":95493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95495,95496,95500,95504,95508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95497,95498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95499,17137],{"class":95},[44,95501,95502],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95503,17137],{"class":95},[44,95505,95506],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95507,48580],{"class":95},[44,95509,95510],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95511,48580],{"class":95},[20,95513,95514],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95516,10825],{},[192,95518,95519,95526],{},[195,95520,95521,2251,95524],{},[15,95522,95523],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95525,2173],{},[195,95527,95528,2251,95531],{},[15,95529,95530],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95532,2623],{},[20,95534,3290,95535,95537],{},[15,95536,95364],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95539,95541],{"id":95540},"return-values","Return values",[20,95543,95544,95546],{},[15,95545,94695],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95548,40832,95549,95551],{},[3868,95550,4762],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95553,95555],{"className":37,"code":95554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95556,95557,95566,95570,95580,95598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95558,95559,95561,95563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95560,2564],{"class":50},[44,95562,55],{"class":54},[44,95564,95565],{"class":95}," 3.14159\n",[44,95567,95568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95569,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,95571,95572,95574,95576,95578],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95573,154],{"class":153},[44,95575,157],{"class":58},[44,95577,2590],{"class":111},[44,95579,162],{"class":58},[44,95581,95582,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592,95594,95596],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95583,154],{"class":153},[44,95585,157],{"class":58},[44,95587,94736],{"class":153},[44,95589,157],{"class":58},[44,95591,2590],{"class":111},[44,95593,83],{"class":58},[44,95595,1012],{"class":95},[44,95597,1869],{"class":58},[44,95599,95600,95602,95604,95606],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,95601,154],{"class":153},[44,95603,157],{"class":58},[44,95605,2590],{"class":111},[44,95607,162],{"class":58},[20,95609,330],{},[35,95611,95613],{"className":37,"code":95612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95614,95615,95620,95624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95616,95617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95618,95619],{"class":95},"3.14159\n",[44,95621,95622],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95623,40103],{"class":95},[44,95625,95626],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95627,95619],{"class":95},[20,95629,95630],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95632,95634],{"className":37,"code":95633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95635,95636,95644,95662,95666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95637,95638,95640,95642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95639,2564],{"class":50},[44,95641,55],{"class":54},[44,95643,95565],{"class":95},[44,95645,95646,95648,95650,95652,95654,95656,95658,95660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95647,2564],{"class":50},[44,95649,55],{"class":54},[44,95651,95013],{"class":153},[44,95653,157],{"class":58},[44,95655,2590],{"class":111},[44,95657,83],{"class":58},[44,95659,1012],{"class":95},[44,95661,162],{"class":58},[44,95663,95664],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95665,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,95667,95668,95670,95672,95674],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95669,154],{"class":153},[44,95671,157],{"class":58},[44,95673,2590],{"class":111},[44,95675,162],{"class":58},[20,95677,330],{},[35,95679,95680],{"className":37,"code":40103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95681,95682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95683,95684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95685,40103],{"class":95},[30,95687,1551,95689],{"id":95688},"when-to-use-round",[15,95690,94695],{},[20,95692,172,95693,6447],{},[15,95694,94695],{},[192,95696,95697,95700,95703,95706],{},[195,95698,95699],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[195,95701,95702],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[195,95704,95705],{},"Round values before reporting results",[195,95707,95708],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95710,5602],{},[35,95712,95714],{"className":37,"code":95713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95715,95716,95725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95717,95718,95720,95722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95719,2715],{"class":50},[44,95721,55],{"class":54},[44,95723,95724],{"class":95}," 12.67891\n",[44,95726,95727,95729,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95728,154],{"class":153},[44,95730,157],{"class":58},[44,95732,94736],{"class":153},[44,95734,157],{"class":58},[44,95736,2738],{"class":111},[44,95738,83],{"class":58},[44,95740,1012],{"class":95},[44,95742,1869],{"class":58},[20,95744,330],{},[35,95746,95748],{"className":37,"code":95747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95749,95750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95751,95752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95753,95747],{"class":95},[30,95755,1803],{"id":1802},[20,95757,23165,95758,108],{},[15,95759,94695],{},[1960,95761,1821,95763,95765,95766,95768],{"id":95762},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95764,94695],{}," to always round ",[15,95767,95364],{}," upward",[20,95770,95771],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95773,95774],{"className":37,"code":95369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95775,95776,95790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95777,95778,95780,95782,95784,95786,95788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95779,154],{"class":153},[44,95781,157],{"class":58},[44,95783,94736],{"class":153},[44,95785,157],{"class":58},[44,95787,41085],{"class":95},[44,95789,1869],{"class":58},[44,95791,95792,95794,95796,95798,95800,95802],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95793,154],{"class":153},[44,95795,157],{"class":58},[44,95797,94736],{"class":153},[44,95799,157],{"class":58},[44,95801,2156],{"class":95},[44,95803,1869],{"class":58},[20,95805,330],{},[35,95807,95808],{"className":37,"code":95404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95809,95810,95814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95811,95812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95813,17137],{"class":95},[44,95815,95816],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95817,48580],{"class":95},[20,95819,95820],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1960,95822,95824],{"id":95823},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95826,95827,95829],{},[15,95828,94695],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95831,95833],{"className":37,"code":95832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95834,95835,95843,95857,95861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95836,95837,95839,95841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95838,2564],{"class":50},[44,95840,55],{"class":54},[44,95842,95565],{"class":95},[44,95844,95845,95847,95849,95851,95853,95855],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95846,94736],{"class":153},[44,95848,157],{"class":58},[44,95850,2590],{"class":111},[44,95852,83],{"class":58},[44,95854,1012],{"class":95},[44,95856,162],{"class":58},[44,95858,95859],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95860,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,95862,95863,95865,95867,95869],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95864,154],{"class":153},[44,95866,157],{"class":58},[44,95868,2590],{"class":111},[44,95870,162],{"class":58},[20,95872,330],{},[35,95874,95875],{"className":37,"code":95619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95876,95877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95878,95879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95880,95619],{"class":95},[20,95882,95883],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95885,95887],{"className":37,"code":95886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95888,95889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95890,95891,95893,95895,95897,95899,95901,95903,95905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95892,2564],{"class":50},[44,95894,55],{"class":54},[44,95896,95013],{"class":153},[44,95898,157],{"class":58},[44,95900,2590],{"class":111},[44,95902,83],{"class":58},[44,95904,1012],{"class":95},[44,95906,162],{"class":58},[1960,95908,95910],{"id":95909},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95912,16484],{},[35,95914,95916],{"className":37,"code":95915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95917,95918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95919,95920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95921,95915],{"class":168},[20,95923,95924],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95926,95928],{"className":37,"code":95927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95929,95930,95942,95956,95960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95931,95932,95934,95936,95938,95940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95933,34608],{"class":50},[44,95935,55],{"class":54},[44,95937,75],{"class":62},[44,95939,40069],{"class":66},[44,95941,3479],{"class":62},[44,95943,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,95945,2335],{"class":50},[44,95947,55],{"class":54},[44,95949,40181],{"class":1861},[44,95951,157],{"class":58},[44,95953,34629],{"class":111},[44,95955,162],{"class":58},[44,95957,95958],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,95959,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,95961,95962,95964,95966,95968,95970,95972,95974,95976],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,95963,154],{"class":153},[44,95965,157],{"class":58},[44,95967,94736],{"class":153},[44,95969,157],{"class":58},[44,95971,2357],{"class":111},[44,95973,83],{"class":58},[44,95975,504],{"class":95},[44,95977,1869],{"class":58},[20,95979,330],{},[35,95981,95983],{"className":37,"code":95982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95984,95985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95986,95987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95988,95982],{"class":95},[1960,95990,95992],{"id":95991},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95994,95995,95997],{},[15,95996,94695],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95999,96000,96001,2997,96005,108],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[395,96002,96003],{"href":3000},[15,96004,3003],{},[395,96006,96007],{"href":2993},[15,96008,2996],{},[30,96010,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,96012,1963,96014,96016,96017,96019],{"id":96013},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96015,94695],{}," always round ",[15,96018,40140],{}," up?",[20,96021,96022],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1960,96024,1963,96026,96028],{"id":96025},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96027,94695],{}," change the original number?",[20,96030,96031],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1960,96033,1984,96035,96037],{"id":96034},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96036,94695],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96039,96040,96041,96043,96044,2997,96046,108],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96042,94845],{}," value like ",[15,96045,65789],{},[15,96047,95345],{},[1960,96049,1994,96051,96053,96054,2610],{"id":96050},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96052,94695],{}," on a string like ",[15,96055,48024],{},[20,96057,96058,96059,2997,96061,108],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96060,3003],{},[15,96062,2996],{},[30,96064,2020],{"id":2019},[192,96066,96067,96073,96079,96083],{},[195,96068,96069],{},[395,96070,3697,96071,3630],{"href":3000},[15,96072,3003],{},[195,96074,96075],{},[395,96076,3697,96077,3630],{"href":2993},[15,96078,2996],{},[195,96080,96081],{},[395,96082,2537],{"href":2536},[195,96084,96085],{},[395,96086,42108],{"href":40817},[2048,96088,96089],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":96091},[96092,96093,96095,96096,96098,96100,96102,96103,96104,96106,96113,96123],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":94787,"depth":102,"text":96094},"What round() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":94941,"depth":102,"text":96097},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95079,"depth":102,"text":96099},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95236,"depth":102,"text":96101},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95357,"depth":102,"text":95358},{"id":95540,"depth":102,"text":95541},{"id":95688,"depth":102,"text":96105},"When to use round()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":96107},[96108,96110,96111,96112],{"id":95762,"depth":150,"text":96109},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95823,"depth":150,"text":95824},{"id":95909,"depth":150,"text":95910},{"id":95991,"depth":150,"text":95992},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":96114},[96115,96117,96119,96121],{"id":96013,"depth":150,"text":96116},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96025,"depth":150,"text":96118},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96034,"depth":150,"text":96120},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96050,"depth":150,"text":96122},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94687,"description":96124},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96131,"title":96132,"body":96133,"description":97318,"extension":2080,"meta":97319,"navigation":682,"path":97320,"seo":97321,"stem":97322,"__hash__":97323},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96134,"toc":97292},[96135,96142,96148,96151,96153,96202,96206,96231,96236,96241,96246,96260,96271,96273,96292,96294,96310,96313,96324,96326,96328,96389,96393,96426,96433,96440,96443,96476,96479,96483,96486,96539,96543,96564,96570,96577,96584,96645,96653,96730,96734,96746,96755,96757,96763,96769,96773,96826,96829,96887,96891,96899,96902,96906,96909,96919,96921,97018,97021,97032,97035,97078,97082,97106,97109,97115,97117,97121,97146,97148,97215,97224,97226,97232,97237,97241,97244,97248,97255,97259,97264,97266,97283,97289],[10,96136,96138,96139,18],{"id":96137},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96140,96141],{},"add()",[20,96143,96144,96147],{},[15,96145,96146],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96149,96150],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96152,33],{"id":32},[35,96154,96156],{"className":37,"code":96155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96157,96158,96178,96192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96159,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96161,3741],{"class":50},[44,96163,55],{"class":54},[44,96165,59],{"class":58},[44,96167,3108],{"class":95},[44,96169,83],{"class":58},[44,96171,1012],{"class":95},[44,96173,83],{"class":58},[44,96175,1017],{"class":95},[44,96177,99],{"class":58},[44,96179,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188,96190],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96181,3773],{"class":50},[44,96183,108],{"class":58},[44,96185,82041],{"class":111},[44,96187,157],{"class":58},[44,96189,2623],{"class":95},[44,96191,162],{"class":58},[44,96193,96194,96196,96198,96200],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96195,154],{"class":153},[44,96197,157],{"class":58},[44,96199,3773],{"class":111},[44,96201,162],{"class":58},[20,96203,96204],{},[3868,96205,330],{},[35,96207,96209],{"className":37,"code":96208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96210,96211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96212,96213,96215,96217,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96214,340],{"class":58},[44,96216,3108],{"class":95},[44,96218,83],{"class":58},[44,96220,1012],{"class":95},[44,96222,83],{"class":58},[44,96224,1017],{"class":95},[44,96226,83],{"class":58},[44,96228,2574],{"class":95},[44,96230,99],{"class":58},[20,96232,172,96233,96235],{},[15,96234,96141],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96237,179,96239,182],{"id":96238},"what-setadd-does",[15,96240,96146],{},[20,96242,96243,96245],{},[15,96244,96146],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[192,96247,96248,96251,96254,96257],{},[195,96249,96250],{},"Adds one item to a set",[195,96252,96253],{},"Changes the original set in place",[195,96255,96256],{},"Does not return a new set",[195,96258,96259],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96261,96262,96263,2997,96267,108],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[395,96264,96266],{"href":96265},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[395,96268,96270],{"href":96269},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,96272,402],{"id":401},[35,96274,96276],{"className":37,"code":96275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96277,96278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96279,96280,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96281,15751],{"class":50},[44,96283,108],{"class":58},[44,96285,82041],{"class":111},[44,96287,157],{"class":58},[44,96289,23381],{"class":111},[44,96291,162],{"class":58},[20,96293,11564],{},[192,96295,96296,96301,96304],{},[195,96297,55841,96298,96300],{},[15,96299,96141],{}," on an existing set",[195,96302,96303],{},"Pass exactly one item",[195,96305,96306,96307],{},"The item must be ",[3868,96308,96309],{},"hashable",[20,96311,96312],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[192,96314,96315,96317,96319,96322],{},[195,96316,56394],{},[195,96318,56397],{},[195,96320,96321],{},"Tuples",[195,96323,40521],{},[30,96325,11581],{"id":11580},[20,96327,11584],{},[35,96329,96331],{"className":37,"code":96330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96332,96333,96357,96375,96379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96334,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96336,13172],{"class":50},[44,96338,55],{"class":54},[44,96340,59],{"class":58},[44,96342,63],{"class":62},[44,96344,13189],{"class":66},[44,96346,63],{"class":62},[44,96348,83],{"class":58},[44,96350,75],{"class":62},[44,96352,13206],{"class":66},[44,96354,63],{"class":62},[44,96356,99],{"class":58},[44,96358,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96360,17581],{"class":50},[44,96362,108],{"class":58},[44,96364,82041],{"class":111},[44,96366,157],{"class":58},[44,96368,63],{"class":62},[44,96370,17534],{"class":66},[44,96372,63],{"class":62},[44,96374,162],{"class":58},[44,96376,96377],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96378,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96380,96381,96383,96385,96387],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96382,154],{"class":153},[44,96384,157],{"class":58},[44,96386,17581],{"class":111},[44,96388,162],{"class":58},[20,96390,96391],{},[3868,96392,30096],{},[35,96394,96396],{"className":37,"code":96395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96397,96398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96399,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412,96414,96416,96418,96420,96422,96424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96401,340],{"class":58},[44,96403,343],{"class":62},[44,96405,13189],{"class":66},[44,96407,343],{"class":62},[44,96409,83],{"class":58},[44,96411,352],{"class":62},[44,96413,17534],{"class":66},[44,96415,343],{"class":62},[44,96417,83],{"class":58},[44,96419,352],{"class":62},[44,96421,13206],{"class":66},[44,96423,343],{"class":62},[44,96425,99],{"class":58},[20,96427,96428,96429,96432],{},"The new value ",[15,96430,96431],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96434,96435,96436,96439],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3868,96437,96438],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96441,96442],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96444,96446],{"className":37,"code":96445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96447,96448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96449,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96451,340],{"class":58},[44,96453,343],{"class":62},[44,96455,13206],{"class":66},[44,96457,343],{"class":62},[44,96459,83],{"class":58},[44,96461,352],{"class":62},[44,96463,13189],{"class":66},[44,96465,343],{"class":62},[44,96467,83],{"class":58},[44,96469,352],{"class":62},[44,96471,17534],{"class":66},[44,96473,343],{"class":62},[44,96475,99],{"class":58},[20,96477,96478],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96480,96482],{"id":96481},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96484,96485],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96487,96489],{"className":37,"code":96488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96490,96491,96511,96525,96529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96492,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507,96509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96494,3741],{"class":50},[44,96496,55],{"class":54},[44,96498,59],{"class":58},[44,96500,3108],{"class":95},[44,96502,83],{"class":58},[44,96504,1012],{"class":95},[44,96506,83],{"class":58},[44,96508,1017],{"class":95},[44,96510,99],{"class":58},[44,96512,96513,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96514,3773],{"class":50},[44,96516,108],{"class":58},[44,96518,82041],{"class":111},[44,96520,157],{"class":58},[44,96522,2173],{"class":95},[44,96524,162],{"class":58},[44,96526,96527],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96528,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96530,96531,96533,96535,96537],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96532,154],{"class":153},[44,96534,157],{"class":58},[44,96536,3773],{"class":111},[44,96538,162],{"class":58},[20,96540,96541],{},[3868,96542,330],{},[35,96544,96546],{"className":37,"code":96545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96547,96548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96549,96550,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96551,340],{"class":58},[44,96553,3108],{"class":95},[44,96555,83],{"class":58},[44,96557,1012],{"class":95},[44,96559,83],{"class":58},[44,96561,1017],{"class":95},[44,96563,99],{"class":58},[20,96565,96566,96567,96569],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96568,2173],{}," was already present.",[30,96571,96573,10698,96575],{"id":96572},"add-vs-update",[15,96574,96141],{},[15,96576,17],{},[20,96578,172,96579,96581,96582,108],{},[15,96580,96141],{}," when you want to add ",[3868,96583,52588],{},[35,96585,96587],{"className":37,"code":96586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96588,96589,96613,96631,96635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96590,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609,96611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96592,36013],{"class":50},[44,96594,55],{"class":54},[44,96596,59],{"class":58},[44,96598,63],{"class":62},[44,96600,395],{"class":66},[44,96602,63],{"class":62},[44,96604,83],{"class":58},[44,96606,75],{"class":62},[44,96608,1005],{"class":66},[44,96610,63],{"class":62},[44,96612,99],{"class":58},[44,96614,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96616,36066],{"class":50},[44,96618,108],{"class":58},[44,96620,82041],{"class":111},[44,96622,157],{"class":58},[44,96624,63],{"class":62},[44,96626,9855],{"class":66},[44,96628,63],{"class":62},[44,96630,162],{"class":58},[44,96632,96633],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96634,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96636,96637,96639,96641,96643],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96638,154],{"class":153},[44,96640,157],{"class":58},[44,96642,36066],{"class":111},[44,96644,162],{"class":58},[20,96646,172,96647,96581,96649,96652],{},[15,96648,17],{},[3868,96650,96651],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96654,96656],{"className":37,"code":96655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96657,96658,96682,96716,96720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96659,96660,96662,96664,96666,96668,96670,96672,96674,96676,96678,96680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96661,36013],{"class":50},[44,96663,55],{"class":54},[44,96665,59],{"class":58},[44,96667,63],{"class":62},[44,96669,395],{"class":66},[44,96671,63],{"class":62},[44,96673,83],{"class":58},[44,96675,75],{"class":62},[44,96677,1005],{"class":66},[44,96679,63],{"class":62},[44,96681,99],{"class":58},[44,96683,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692,96694,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712,96714],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96685,36066],{"class":50},[44,96687,108],{"class":58},[44,96689,112],{"class":111},[44,96691,3105],{"class":58},[44,96693,63],{"class":62},[44,96695,9855],{"class":66},[44,96697,63],{"class":62},[44,96699,83],{"class":58},[44,96701,75],{"class":62},[44,96703,18844],{"class":66},[44,96705,63],{"class":62},[44,96707,83],{"class":58},[44,96709,75],{"class":62},[44,96711,60381],{"class":66},[44,96713,63],{"class":62},[44,96715,4015],{"class":58},[44,96717,96718],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96719,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96721,96722,96724,96726,96728],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96723,154],{"class":153},[44,96725,157],{"class":58},[44,96727,36066],{"class":111},[44,96729,162],{"class":58},[1960,96731,96733],{"id":96732},"key-difference","Key difference",[192,96735,96736,96741],{},[195,96737,96738,96740],{},[15,96739,96141],{}," adds one item",[195,96742,96743,96745],{},[15,96744,17],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96747,96748,96749,108],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[395,96750,96752,96753,10852],{"href":96751},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96754,17],{},[30,96756,1293],{"id":1292},[20,96758,96759,1298,96761,108],{},[15,96760,96146],{},[15,96762,217],{},[20,96764,96765,96766,96768],{},"That means you should ",[3868,96767,4762],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1960,96770,96772],{"id":96771},"correct","Correct",[35,96774,96776],{"className":37,"code":96775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96777,96778,96798,96812,96816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96779,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794,96796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96781,15713],{"class":50},[44,96783,55],{"class":54},[44,96785,59],{"class":58},[44,96787,3108],{"class":95},[44,96789,83],{"class":58},[44,96791,1012],{"class":95},[44,96793,83],{"class":58},[44,96795,1017],{"class":95},[44,96797,99],{"class":58},[44,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96801,15751],{"class":50},[44,96803,108],{"class":58},[44,96805,82041],{"class":111},[44,96807,157],{"class":58},[44,96809,2623],{"class":95},[44,96811,162],{"class":58},[44,96813,96814],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96815,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96817,96818,96820,96822,96824],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96819,154],{"class":153},[44,96821,157],{"class":58},[44,96823,15751],{"class":111},[44,96825,162],{"class":58},[1960,96827,96828],{"id":61703},"Wrong",[35,96830,96832],{"className":37,"code":96831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96833,96834,96854,96873,96877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96835,96836,96838,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96837,15713],{"class":50},[44,96839,55],{"class":54},[44,96841,59],{"class":58},[44,96843,3108],{"class":95},[44,96845,83],{"class":58},[44,96847,1012],{"class":95},[44,96849,83],{"class":58},[44,96851,1017],{"class":95},[44,96853,99],{"class":58},[44,96855,96856,96858,96860,96863,96865,96867,96869,96871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96857,15713],{"class":50},[44,96859,55],{"class":54},[44,96861,96862],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,96864,108],{"class":58},[44,96866,82041],{"class":111},[44,96868,157],{"class":58},[44,96870,2623],{"class":95},[44,96872,162],{"class":58},[44,96874,96875],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96876,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96878,96879,96881,96883,96885],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96880,154],{"class":153},[44,96882,157],{"class":58},[44,96884,15751],{"class":111},[44,96886,162],{"class":58},[20,96888,96889],{},[3868,96890,330],{},[35,96892,96893],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96894,96895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96896,96897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96898,1401],{"class":1400},[20,96900,96901],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,96903,96905],{"id":96904},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96907,96908],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[192,96910,96911,96913,96915,96917],{},[195,96912,56394],{},[195,96914,56397],{},[195,96916,96321],{},[195,96918,40521],{},[20,96920,223],{},[35,96922,96924],{"className":37,"code":96923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96925,96926,96936,96940,96954,96972,96990,97004,97008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96927,96928,96930,96932,96934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96929,7910],{"class":50},[44,96931,55],{"class":54},[44,96933,15718],{"class":1861},[44,96935,1635],{"class":58},[44,96937,96938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,96939,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,96941,96942,96944,96946,96948,96950,96952],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,96943,7940],{"class":50},[44,96945,108],{"class":58},[44,96947,82041],{"class":111},[44,96949,157],{"class":58},[44,96951,2448],{"class":95},[44,96953,162],{"class":58},[44,96955,96956,96958,96960,96962,96964,96966,96968,96970],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,96957,7940],{"class":50},[44,96959,108],{"class":58},[44,96961,82041],{"class":111},[44,96963,157],{"class":58},[44,96965,63],{"class":62},[44,96967,3971],{"class":66},[44,96969,63],{"class":62},[44,96971,162],{"class":58},[44,96973,96974,96976,96978,96980,96982,96984,96986,96988],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,96975,7940],{"class":50},[44,96977,108],{"class":58},[44,96979,82041],{"class":111},[44,96981,5640],{"class":58},[44,96983,3108],{"class":95},[44,96985,83],{"class":58},[44,96987,1012],{"class":95},[44,96989,1869],{"class":58},[44,96991,96992,96994,96996,96998,97000,97002],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,96993,7940],{"class":50},[44,96995,108],{"class":58},[44,96997,82041],{"class":111},[44,96999,157],{"class":58},[44,97001,3726],{"class":1400},[44,97003,162],{"class":58},[44,97005,97006],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,97007,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97009,97010,97012,97014,97016],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,97011,154],{"class":153},[44,97013,157],{"class":58},[44,97015,7940],{"class":111},[44,97017,162],{"class":58},[20,97019,97020],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[192,97022,97023,97026,97029],{},[195,97024,97025],{},"Lists",[195,97027,97028],{},"Dictionaries",[195,97030,97031],{},"Sets",[20,97033,97034],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,97036,97038],{"className":37,"code":97037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97039,97040,97060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97041,97042,97044,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056,97058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97043,7910],{"class":50},[44,97045,55],{"class":54},[44,97047,59],{"class":58},[44,97049,3108],{"class":95},[44,97051,83],{"class":58},[44,97053,1012],{"class":95},[44,97055,83],{"class":58},[44,97057,1017],{"class":95},[44,97059,99],{"class":58},[44,97061,97062,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074,97076],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97063,7940],{"class":50},[44,97065,108],{"class":58},[44,97067,82041],{"class":111},[44,97069,3105],{"class":58},[44,97071,2623],{"class":95},[44,97073,83],{"class":58},[44,97075,4736],{"class":95},[44,97077,4015],{"class":58},[20,97079,97080],{},[3868,97081,29747],{},[35,97083,97085],{"className":37,"code":97084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97086,97087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97088,97089,97091,97093,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97090,3125],{"class":1861},[44,97092,72],{"class":58},[44,97094,97095],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,97097,1862],{"class":1861},[44,97099,72],{"class":58},[44,97101,352],{"class":62},[44,97103,1878],{"class":66},[44,97105,29766],{"class":62},[20,97107,97108],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97110,97111,97112,108],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97113,97114],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,97116,1803],{"id":1802},[20,97118,14820,97119,72],{},[15,97120,96146],{},[192,97122,97123,97128,97133,97136,97143],{},[195,97124,567,97125,97127],{},[15,97126,96141],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[195,97129,1821,97130,97132],{},[15,97131,96141],{}," to return the updated set",[195,97134,97135],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[195,97137,37128,97138,97140,97141],{},[15,97139,96146],{}," with list ",[15,97142,52584],{},[195,97144,97145],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97147,71441],{},[35,97149,97151],{"className":37,"code":97150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97152,97153,97163,97177,97187,97201],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97154,97155,97157,97159,97161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97156,154],{"class":153},[44,97158,157],{"class":58},[44,97160,15751],{"class":111},[44,97162,162],{"class":58},[44,97164,97165,97167,97169,97171,97173,97175],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97166,154],{"class":153},[44,97168,157],{"class":58},[44,97170,1862],{"class":1861},[44,97172,157],{"class":58},[44,97174,15751],{"class":111},[44,97176,1869],{"class":58},[44,97178,97179,97181,97183,97185],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97180,154],{"class":153},[44,97182,157],{"class":58},[44,97184,2590],{"class":111},[44,97186,162],{"class":58},[44,97188,97189,97191,97193,97195,97197,97199],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,97190,154],{"class":153},[44,97192,157],{"class":58},[44,97194,1862],{"class":1861},[44,97196,157],{"class":58},[44,97198,2590],{"class":111},[44,97200,1869],{"class":58},[44,97202,97203,97205,97207,97209,97211,97213],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,97204,1913],{"class":153},[44,97206,157],{"class":58},[44,97208,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97210,108],{"class":58},[44,97212,82041],{"class":1923},[44,97214,162],{"class":58},[20,97216,97217,97218,97220,97221,108],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97219,96146],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[395,97222,52981],{"href":97223},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,97225,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,97227,1963,97229,97231],{"id":97228},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97230,96146],{}," return a new set?",[20,97233,97234,97235,108],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97236,217],{},[1960,97238,97240],{"id":97239},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97242,97243],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1960,97245,97247],{"id":97246},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97249,172,97250,11202,97253,108],{},[15,97251,97252],{},"set.update()",[15,97254,96141],{},[1960,97256,97258],{"id":97257},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97260,97261,97262,108],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97263,3125],{},[30,97265,2020],{"id":2019},[192,97267,97268,97272,97277],{},[195,97269,97270],{},[395,97271,96266],{"href":96265},[195,97273,97274],{},[395,97275,97276],{"href":96269},"How to create a set in Python",[195,97278,97279],{},[395,97280,96752,97281,10852],{"href":96751},[15,97282,17],{},[20,97284,97285,97286,97288],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97287,96141],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2048,97290,97291],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":97293},[97294,97295,97297,97298,97299,97300,97304,97308,97309,97310,97317],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":96238,"depth":102,"text":97296},"What set.add() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":96481,"depth":102,"text":96482},{"id":96572,"depth":102,"text":97301,"children":97302},"add() vs update()",[97303],{"id":96732,"depth":150,"text":96733},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293,"children":97305},[97306,97307],{"id":96771,"depth":150,"text":96772},{"id":61703,"depth":150,"text":96828},{"id":96904,"depth":102,"text":96905},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":97311},[97312,97314,97315,97316],{"id":97228,"depth":150,"text":97313},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97239,"depth":150,"text":97240},{"id":97246,"depth":150,"text":97247},{"id":97257,"depth":150,"text":97258},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96132,"description":97318},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97325,"title":97326,"body":97327,"description":98496,"extension":2080,"meta":98497,"navigation":682,"path":98498,"seo":98499,"stem":98500,"__hash__":98501},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97328,"toc":98463},[97329,97334,97340,97347,97392,97394,97405,97410,97415,97419,97433,97438,97440,97442,97457,97459,97473,97475,97477,97542,97544,97554,97556,97574,97580,97587,97592,97666,97668,97685,97691,97696,97767,97769,97796,97813,97816,97822,97824,97831,97835,97902,97904,97919,97922,97975,97977,97985,97997,97999,98003,98008,98010,98059,98061,98069,98071,98116,98118,98128,98134,98142,98155,98161,98163,98192,98194,98212,98216,98219,98250,98252,98270,98274,98349,98351,98367,98374,98376,98381,98386,98392,98395,98399,98407,98414,98422,98424,98460],[10,97330,96138,97332,18],{"id":97331},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97333,11428],{},[20,97335,97336,97339],{},[15,97337,97338],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97341,97342,97343,97346],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3868,97344,97345],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97348,97350],{"className":37,"code":97349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97351,97352,97372,97382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97353,97354,97356,97358,97360,97362,97364,97366,97368,97370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97355,3741],{"class":50},[44,97357,55],{"class":54},[44,97359,59],{"class":58},[44,97361,3108],{"class":95},[44,97363,83],{"class":58},[44,97365,1012],{"class":95},[44,97367,83],{"class":58},[44,97369,1017],{"class":95},[44,97371,99],{"class":58},[44,97373,97374,97376,97378,97380],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97375,3773],{"class":50},[44,97377,108],{"class":58},[44,97379,11489],{"class":111},[44,97381,1635],{"class":58},[44,97383,97384,97386,97388,97390],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97385,154],{"class":153},[44,97387,157],{"class":58},[44,97389,3773],{"class":111},[44,97391,162],{"class":58},[20,97393,330],{},[35,97395,97397],{"className":37,"code":97396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97398,97399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97400,97401,97403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97402,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97404,1635],{"class":58},[20,97406,97407,97409],{},[15,97408,11428],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97411,179,97413,182],{"id":97412},"what-setclear-does",[15,97414,97338],{},[20,97416,22,97417,11519],{},[15,97418,11428],{},[192,97420,97421,97424,97426,97430],{},[195,97422,97423],{},"Removes every item from a set",[195,97425,96253],{},[195,97427,11530,97428],{},[15,97429,217],{},[195,97431,97432],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97434,96262,97435,71540],{},[395,97436,96266],{"href":97437},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97439,402],{"id":401},[20,97441,54379],{},[35,97443,97445],{"className":37,"code":97444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97446,97447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97448,97449,97451,97453,97455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97450,15751],{"class":50},[44,97452,108],{"class":58},[44,97454,11489],{"class":111},[44,97456,1635],{"class":58},[20,97458,13148],{},[192,97460,97461,97464,97467,97470],{},[195,97462,97463],{},"It takes no arguments",[195,97465,97466],{},"It empties the set",[195,97468,97469],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[195,97471,97472],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97474,11581],{"id":11580},[20,97476,11584],{},[35,97478,97480],{"className":37,"code":97479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97481,97482,97514,97518,97528,97532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97483,97484,97486,97488,97490,97492,97494,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97485,13172],{"class":50},[44,97487,55],{"class":54},[44,97489,59],{"class":58},[44,97491,63],{"class":62},[44,97493,13189],{"class":66},[44,97495,63],{"class":62},[44,97497,83],{"class":58},[44,97499,75],{"class":62},[44,97501,17534],{"class":66},[44,97503,63],{"class":62},[44,97505,83],{"class":58},[44,97507,75],{"class":62},[44,97509,13206],{"class":66},[44,97511,63],{"class":62},[44,97513,99],{"class":58},[44,97515,97516],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97517,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97519,97520,97522,97524,97526],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97521,17581],{"class":50},[44,97523,108],{"class":58},[44,97525,11489],{"class":111},[44,97527,1635],{"class":58},[44,97529,97530],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,97531,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97533,97534,97536,97538,97540],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,97535,154],{"class":153},[44,97537,157],{"class":58},[44,97539,17581],{"class":111},[44,97541,162],{"class":58},[20,97543,330],{},[35,97545,97546],{"className":37,"code":97396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97547,97548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97549,97550,97552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97551,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97553,1635],{"class":58},[20,97555,11788],{},[192,97557,97558,97563,97568],{},[195,97559,97560,97562],{},[15,97561,17581],{}," starts with three values",[195,97564,97565,11801],{},[15,97566,97567],{},"colors.clear()",[195,97569,97570,97571,97573],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97572,3922],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97575,97577,97579],{"id":97576},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97578,11428],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97581,97582,4523,97584,97586],{},[15,97583,11428],{},[15,97585,3922],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1960,97588,567,97590],{"id":97589},"using-clear",[15,97591,11428],{},[35,97593,97595],{"className":37,"code":97594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97596,97597,97617,97627,97631,97641,97645,97655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97598,97599,97601,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613,97615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97600,7910],{"class":50},[44,97602,55],{"class":54},[44,97604,59],{"class":58},[44,97606,3108],{"class":95},[44,97608,83],{"class":58},[44,97610,1012],{"class":95},[44,97612,83],{"class":58},[44,97614,1017],{"class":95},[44,97616,99],{"class":58},[44,97618,97619,97622,97624],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97620,97621],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97623,55],{"class":54},[44,97625,97626],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97628,97629],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97630,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97632,97633,97635,97637,97639],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,97634,7940],{"class":50},[44,97636,108],{"class":58},[44,97638,11489],{"class":111},[44,97640,1635],{"class":58},[44,97642,97643],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,97644,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97646,97647,97649,97651,97653],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,97648,154],{"class":153},[44,97650,157],{"class":58},[44,97652,7940],{"class":111},[44,97654,162],{"class":58},[44,97656,97657,97659,97661,97664],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,97658,154],{"class":153},[44,97660,157],{"class":58},[44,97662,97663],{"class":111},"other_name",[44,97665,162],{"class":58},[20,97667,330],{},[35,97669,97671],{"className":37,"code":97670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97672,97673,97679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97674,97675,97677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97676,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97678,1635],{"class":58},[44,97680,97681,97683],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97682,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97684,1635],{"class":58},[20,97686,97687,97688,108],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3868,97689,97690],{},"same set object",[1960,97692,567,97694],{"id":97693},"using-set",[15,97695,3922],{},[35,97697,97699],{"className":37,"code":97698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97700,97701,97721,97729,97733,97743,97747,97757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97702,97703,97705,97707,97709,97711,97713,97715,97717,97719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97704,7910],{"class":50},[44,97706,55],{"class":54},[44,97708,59],{"class":58},[44,97710,3108],{"class":95},[44,97712,83],{"class":58},[44,97714,1012],{"class":95},[44,97716,83],{"class":58},[44,97718,1017],{"class":95},[44,97720,99],{"class":58},[44,97722,97723,97725,97727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97724,97621],{"class":50},[44,97726,55],{"class":54},[44,97728,97626],{"class":50},[44,97730,97731],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97732,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97734,97735,97737,97739,97741],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,97736,7910],{"class":50},[44,97738,55],{"class":54},[44,97740,15718],{"class":1861},[44,97742,1635],{"class":58},[44,97744,97745],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,97746,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97748,97749,97751,97753,97755],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,97750,154],{"class":153},[44,97752,157],{"class":58},[44,97754,7940],{"class":111},[44,97756,162],{"class":58},[44,97758,97759,97761,97763,97765],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,97760,154],{"class":153},[44,97762,157],{"class":58},[44,97764,97663],{"class":111},[44,97766,162],{"class":58},[20,97768,330],{},[35,97770,97772],{"className":37,"code":97771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97773,97774,97780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97775,97776,97778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97777,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97779,1635],{"class":58},[44,97781,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790,97792,97794],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97783,340],{"class":58},[44,97785,3108],{"class":95},[44,97787,83],{"class":58},[44,97789,1012],{"class":95},[44,97791,83],{"class":58},[44,97793,1017],{"class":95},[44,97795,99],{"class":58},[20,97797,20843,97798,93030,97801,97804,97805,108,97807,97809,97810,97812],{},[15,97799,97800],{},"items = set()",[3868,97802,97803],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97806,7940],{},[9961,97808],{},"\nBut ",[15,97811,97663],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97814,97815],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97817,97818,97819,108],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[395,97820,96270],{"href":97821},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,97823,1293],{"id":1292},[20,97825,97826,14140,97828,97830],{},[15,97827,11428],{},[3868,97829,4762],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97832,214,97833,108],{},[15,97834,217],{},[35,97836,97838],{"className":37,"code":97837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97839,97840,97860,97864,97878,97882,97892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97841,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854,97856,97858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97843,3741],{"class":50},[44,97845,55],{"class":54},[44,97847,59],{"class":58},[44,97849,3108],{"class":95},[44,97851,83],{"class":58},[44,97853,1012],{"class":95},[44,97855,83],{"class":58},[44,97857,1017],{"class":95},[44,97859,99],{"class":58},[44,97861,97862],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97863,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97865,97866,97868,97870,97872,97874,97876],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97867,1340],{"class":50},[44,97869,55],{"class":54},[44,97871,4392],{"class":50},[44,97873,108],{"class":58},[44,97875,11489],{"class":111},[44,97877,1635],{"class":58},[44,97879,97880],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,97881,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97883,97884,97886,97888,97890],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,97885,154],{"class":153},[44,97887,157],{"class":58},[44,97889,1376],{"class":111},[44,97891,162],{"class":58},[44,97893,97894,97896,97898,97900],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,97895,154],{"class":153},[44,97897,157],{"class":58},[44,97899,3773],{"class":111},[44,97901,162],{"class":58},[20,97903,330],{},[35,97905,97907],{"className":37,"code":97906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,97908,97909,97913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97910,97911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97912,1401],{"class":1400},[44,97914,97915,97917],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97916,6416],{"class":1861},[44,97918,1635],{"class":58},[20,97920,97921],{},"Do not do this:",[35,97923,97925],{"className":37,"code":97924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97926,97927,97947,97961,97965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97928,97929,97931,97933,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943,97945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97930,3741],{"class":50},[44,97932,55],{"class":54},[44,97934,59],{"class":58},[44,97936,3108],{"class":95},[44,97938,83],{"class":58},[44,97940,1012],{"class":95},[44,97942,83],{"class":58},[44,97944,1017],{"class":95},[44,97946,99],{"class":58},[44,97948,97949,97951,97953,97955,97957,97959],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,97950,3741],{"class":50},[44,97952,55],{"class":54},[44,97954,4392],{"class":50},[44,97956,108],{"class":58},[44,97958,11489],{"class":111},[44,97960,1635],{"class":58},[44,97962,97963],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,97964,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,97966,97967,97969,97971,97973],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,97968,154],{"class":153},[44,97970,157],{"class":58},[44,97972,3773],{"class":111},[44,97974,162],{"class":58},[20,97976,330],{},[35,97978,97979],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97980,97981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97982,97983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97984,1401],{"class":1400},[20,97986,22260,97987,1298,97989,97991,97992,97994,97995,108],{},[15,97988,54492],{},[15,97990,217],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97993,217],{}," back to ",[15,97996,3773],{},[30,97998,4649],{"id":4648},[20,98000,1806,98001,108],{},[15,98002,97338],{},[1960,98004,1813,98006],{"id":98005},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98007,11428],{},[20,98009,16725],{},[35,98011,98013],{"className":37,"code":98012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98014,98015,98035,98049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98018,15713],{"class":50},[44,98020,55],{"class":54},[44,98022,59],{"class":58},[44,98024,3108],{"class":95},[44,98026,83],{"class":58},[44,98028,1012],{"class":95},[44,98030,83],{"class":58},[44,98032,1017],{"class":95},[44,98034,99],{"class":58},[44,98036,98037,98039,98041,98043,98045,98047],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98038,15713],{"class":50},[44,98040,55],{"class":54},[44,98042,96862],{"class":50},[44,98044,108],{"class":58},[44,98046,11489],{"class":111},[44,98048,1635],{"class":58},[44,98050,98051,98053,98055,98057],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,98052,154],{"class":153},[44,98054,157],{"class":58},[44,98056,15751],{"class":111},[44,98058,162],{"class":58},[20,98060,330],{},[35,98062,98063],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98064,98065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98066,98067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98068,1401],{"class":1400},[20,98070,1436],{},[35,98072,98074],{"className":37,"code":98073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98075,98076,98096,98106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98077,98078,98080,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092,98094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98079,15713],{"class":50},[44,98081,55],{"class":54},[44,98083,59],{"class":58},[44,98085,3108],{"class":95},[44,98087,83],{"class":58},[44,98089,1012],{"class":95},[44,98091,83],{"class":58},[44,98093,1017],{"class":95},[44,98095,99],{"class":58},[44,98097,98098,98100,98102,98104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98099,15751],{"class":50},[44,98101,108],{"class":58},[44,98103,11489],{"class":111},[44,98105,1635],{"class":58},[44,98107,98108,98110,98112,98114],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,98109,154],{"class":153},[44,98111,157],{"class":58},[44,98113,15751],{"class":111},[44,98115,162],{"class":58},[20,98117,330],{},[35,98119,98120],{"className":37,"code":97396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98121,98122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98123,98124,98126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98125,6416],{"class":1861},[44,98127,1635],{"class":58},[1960,98129,1821,98131,98133],{"id":98130},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98132,11428],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98135,98136,98138,98139,98141],{},[15,98137,11428],{}," removes ",[3868,98140,3840],{}," items from the set.",[20,98143,98144,98145,2997,98150,108],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[395,98146,98148],{"href":98147},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98149,55461],{},[395,98151,98153],{"href":98152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98154,12861],{},[1960,98156,567,98158,98160],{"id":98157},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98159,3917],{}," for an empty set",[20,98162,25759],{},[35,98164,98166],{"className":37,"code":98165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98167,98168,98177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98169,98170,98173,98175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98171,98172],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,98174,55],{"class":54},[44,98176,1238],{"class":58},[44,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98190],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98180,154],{"class":153},[44,98182,157],{"class":58},[44,98184,1862],{"class":1861},[44,98186,157],{"class":58},[44,98188,98189],{"class":111},"empty_value",[44,98191,1869],{"class":58},[20,98193,330],{},[35,98195,98196],{"className":37,"code":8939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98197,98198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98199,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98201,3411],{"class":54},[44,98203,3414],{"class":2182},[44,98205,352],{"class":62},[44,98207,1918],{"class":66},[44,98209,343],{"class":62},[44,98211,3423],{"class":54},[20,98213,98214,8919],{},[15,98215,3917],{},[20,98217,98218],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,98220,98222],{"className":37,"code":98221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98223,98224,98235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98225,98226,98229,98231,98233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98227,98228],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,98230,55],{"class":54},[44,98232,15718],{"class":1861},[44,98234,1635],{"class":58},[44,98236,98237,98239,98241,98243,98245,98248],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98238,154],{"class":153},[44,98240,157],{"class":58},[44,98242,1862],{"class":1861},[44,98244,157],{"class":58},[44,98246,98247],{"class":111},"empty_set",[44,98249,1869],{"class":58},[20,98251,330],{},[35,98253,98254],{"className":37,"code":8982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98255,98256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98257,98258,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98259,3411],{"class":54},[44,98261,3414],{"class":2182},[44,98263,352],{"class":62},[44,98265,6416],{"class":66},[44,98267,343],{"class":62},[44,98269,3423],{"class":54},[1960,98271,98273],{"id":98272},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,98275,98277],{"className":37,"code":98276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98278,98279,98303,98311,98315,98325,98329,98339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98280,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98282,2673],{"class":50},[44,98284,55],{"class":54},[44,98286,59],{"class":58},[44,98288,63],{"class":62},[44,98290,2291],{"class":66},[44,98292,63],{"class":62},[44,98294,83],{"class":58},[44,98296,75],{"class":62},[44,98298,11850],{"class":66},[44,98300,63],{"class":62},[44,98302,99],{"class":58},[44,98304,98305,98307,98309],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98306,2701],{"class":50},[44,98308,55],{"class":54},[44,98310,36098],{"class":50},[44,98312,98313],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,98314,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,98316,98317,98319,98321,98323],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,98318,395],{"class":50},[44,98320,108],{"class":58},[44,98322,11489],{"class":111},[44,98324,1635],{"class":58},[44,98326,98327],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,98328,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,98330,98331,98333,98335,98337],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,98332,154],{"class":153},[44,98334,157],{"class":58},[44,98336,395],{"class":111},[44,98338,162],{"class":58},[44,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,98342,154],{"class":153},[44,98344,157],{"class":58},[44,98346,1005],{"class":111},[44,98348,162],{"class":58},[20,98350,330],{},[35,98352,98353],{"className":37,"code":97670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98354,98355,98361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98356,98357,98359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98358,6416],{"class":1861},[44,98360,1635],{"class":58},[44,98362,98363,98365],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98364,6416],{"class":1861},[44,98366,1635],{"class":58},[20,98368,29127,98369,4523,98371,98373],{},[15,98370,395],{},[15,98372,1005],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98375,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,98377,5273,98379,5276],{"id":98378},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98380,97338],{},[20,98382,214,98383,98385],{},[15,98384,217],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1960,98387,1963,98389,98391],{"id":98388},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98390,11428],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98393,98394],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1960,98396,98398],{"id":98397},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98400,98401,98402,98404,98405,108],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98403,11428],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98406,3922],{},[1960,98408,2007,98410,4523,98412,2610],{"id":98409},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98411,11428],{},[15,98413,3922],{},[20,98415,98416,98418,98419,98421],{},[15,98417,11428],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98420,3922],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98423,2020],{"id":2019},[192,98425,98426,98430,98434,98441,98447,98453],{},[195,98427,98428],{},[395,98429,96266],{"href":97437},[195,98431,98432],{},[395,98433,97276],{"href":97821},[195,98435,98436],{},[395,98437,96752,98439,10852],{"href":98438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98440,96141],{},[195,98442,98443],{},[395,98444,96752,98445,10852],{"href":98147},[15,98446,55461],{},[195,98448,98449],{},[395,98450,96752,98451,10852],{"href":98152},[15,98452,12861],{},[195,98454,98455],{},[395,98456,96752,98458,10852],{"href":98457},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98459,17],{},[2048,98461,98462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":98464},[98465,98467,98468,98469,98476,98477,98486,98495],{"id":97412,"depth":102,"text":98466},"What set.clear() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":97576,"depth":102,"text":98470,"children":98471},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98472,98474],{"id":97589,"depth":150,"text":98473},"Using clear()",{"id":97693,"depth":150,"text":98475},"Using set()",{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":98478},[98479,98481,98483,98485],{"id":98005,"depth":150,"text":98480},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98130,"depth":150,"text":98482},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98157,"depth":150,"text":98484},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98272,"depth":150,"text":98273},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":98487},[98488,98490,98492,98493],{"id":98378,"depth":150,"text":98489},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98388,"depth":150,"text":98491},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98397,"depth":150,"text":98398},{"id":98409,"depth":150,"text":98494},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97326,"description":98496},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98503,"title":98504,"body":98505,"description":100337,"extension":2080,"meta":100338,"navigation":682,"path":96269,"seo":100339,"stem":100340,"__hash__":100341},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98506,"toc":100294},[98507,98510,98513,98516,98518,98621,98625,98672,98678,98680,98699,98703,98706,98708,98722,98731,98735,98738,98773,98777,98797,98800,98804,98807,98868,98872,98897,98904,98910,98915,98917,98929,98933,98982,98986,99010,99017,99021,99062,99066,99087,99091,99124,99128,99169,99172,99176,99181,99220,99224,99249,99254,99260,99297,99301,99324,99328,99330,99333,99336,99413,99417,99454,99457,99461,99467,99470,99480,99529,99535,99541,99568,99571,99593,99595,99626,99629,99633,99637,99676,99680,99743,99746,99779,99783,99808,99810,99813,99819,99822,99849,99852,99870,99874,99878,99881,99924,99927,99931,99934,99937,99967,99970,99974,99977,99992,99997,100001,100004,100093,100095,100098,100188,100191,100209,100211,100215,100225,100229,100237,100241,100244,100248,100251,100255,100258,100260,100288,100291],[10,98508,98504],{"id":98509},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98511,98512],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98514,98515],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98517,3731],{"id":3730},[35,98519,98521],{"className":37,"code":98520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98522,98523,98543,98577,98587,98591,98601,98611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98524,98525,98527,98529,98531,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98526,3741],{"class":50},[44,98528,55],{"class":54},[44,98530,59],{"class":58},[44,98532,3108],{"class":95},[44,98534,83],{"class":58},[44,98536,1012],{"class":95},[44,98538,83],{"class":58},[44,98540,1017],{"class":95},[44,98542,99],{"class":58},[44,98544,98545,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98546,4198],{"class":50},[44,98548,55],{"class":54},[44,98550,15718],{"class":1861},[44,98552,3105],{"class":58},[44,98554,63],{"class":62},[44,98556,4207],{"class":66},[44,98558,63],{"class":62},[44,98560,83],{"class":58},[44,98562,75],{"class":62},[44,98564,4216],{"class":66},[44,98566,63],{"class":62},[44,98568,83],{"class":58},[44,98570,75],{"class":62},[44,98572,4207],{"class":66},[44,98574,63],{"class":62},[44,98576,4015],{"class":58},[44,98578,98579,98581,98583,98585],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,98580,98228],{"class":50},[44,98582,55],{"class":54},[44,98584,15718],{"class":1861},[44,98586,1635],{"class":58},[44,98588,98589],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,98590,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,98592,98593,98595,98597,98599],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,98594,154],{"class":153},[44,98596,157],{"class":58},[44,98598,3773],{"class":111},[44,98600,162],{"class":58},[44,98602,98603,98605,98607,98609],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,98604,154],{"class":153},[44,98606,157],{"class":58},[44,98608,4242],{"class":111},[44,98610,162],{"class":58},[44,98612,98613,98615,98617,98619],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,98614,154],{"class":153},[44,98616,157],{"class":58},[44,98618,98247],{"class":111},[44,98620,162],{"class":58},[20,98622,98623],{},[3868,98624,330],{},[35,98626,98628],{"className":37,"code":98627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98629,98630,98646,98666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98631,98632,98634,98636,98638,98640,98642,98644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98633,340],{"class":58},[44,98635,3108],{"class":95},[44,98637,83],{"class":58},[44,98639,1012],{"class":95},[44,98641,83],{"class":58},[44,98643,1017],{"class":95},[44,98645,99],{"class":58},[44,98647,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662,98664],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98649,340],{"class":58},[44,98651,343],{"class":62},[44,98653,4216],{"class":66},[44,98655,343],{"class":62},[44,98657,83],{"class":58},[44,98659,352],{"class":62},[44,98661,4207],{"class":66},[44,98663,343],{"class":62},[44,98665,99],{"class":58},[44,98667,98668,98670],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,98669,6416],{"class":1861},[44,98671,1635],{"class":58},[20,98673,98674,98675,98677],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98676,3922],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98679,15248],{"id":15247},[192,98681,98682,98685,98690,98693,98696],{},[195,98683,98684],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[195,98686,98687,98688],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98689,3922],{},[195,98691,98692],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[195,98694,98695],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[195,98697,98698],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98700,98702],{"id":98701},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98704,98705],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98707,203],{},[192,98709,98710,98713,98716,98719],{},[195,98711,98712],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[195,98714,98715],{},"Sets are unordered",[195,98717,98718],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[195,98720,98721],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98723,98724,98725,2997,98727,108],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[395,98726,96266],{"href":97437},[395,98728,98730],{"href":98729},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98732,98734],{"id":98733},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98736,98737],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98739,98741],{"className":37,"code":98740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98742,98743,98763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98744,98745,98747,98749,98751,98753,98755,98757,98759,98761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98746,3741],{"class":50},[44,98748,55],{"class":54},[44,98750,59],{"class":58},[44,98752,3108],{"class":95},[44,98754,83],{"class":58},[44,98756,1012],{"class":95},[44,98758,83],{"class":58},[44,98760,1017],{"class":95},[44,98762,99],{"class":58},[44,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98766,154],{"class":153},[44,98768,157],{"class":58},[44,98770,3773],{"class":111},[44,98772,162],{"class":58},[20,98774,98775],{},[3868,98776,30096],{},[35,98778,98779],{"className":37,"code":96545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98780,98781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98782,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98784,340],{"class":58},[44,98786,3108],{"class":95},[44,98788,83],{"class":58},[44,98790,1012],{"class":95},[44,98792,83],{"class":58},[44,98794,1017],{"class":95},[44,98796,99],{"class":58},[20,98798,98799],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1960,98801,98803],{"id":98802},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98805,98806],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98808,98810],{"className":37,"code":98809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98811,98812,98844,98854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98813,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98815,3741],{"class":50},[44,98817,55],{"class":54},[44,98819,59],{"class":58},[44,98821,3108],{"class":95},[44,98823,83],{"class":58},[44,98825,1012],{"class":95},[44,98827,83],{"class":58},[44,98829,1012],{"class":95},[44,98831,83],{"class":58},[44,98833,1017],{"class":95},[44,98835,83],{"class":58},[44,98837,1017],{"class":95},[44,98839,83],{"class":58},[44,98841,1017],{"class":95},[44,98843,99],{"class":58},[44,98845,98846,98848,98850,98852],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98847,154],{"class":153},[44,98849,157],{"class":58},[44,98851,3773],{"class":111},[44,98853,162],{"class":58},[44,98855,98856,98858,98860,98862,98864,98866],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,98857,154],{"class":153},[44,98859,157],{"class":58},[44,98861,11271],{"class":153},[44,98863,157],{"class":58},[44,98865,3773],{"class":111},[44,98867,1869],{"class":58},[20,98869,98870],{},[3868,98871,30096],{},[35,98873,98875],{"className":37,"code":98874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98876,98877,98893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98880,340],{"class":58},[44,98882,3108],{"class":95},[44,98884,83],{"class":58},[44,98886,1012],{"class":95},[44,98888,83],{"class":58},[44,98890,1017],{"class":95},[44,98892,99],{"class":58},[44,98894,98895],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98896,46546],{"class":95},[20,98898,21049,98899,4523,98901,98903],{},[15,98900,2173],{},[15,98902,2179],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,98905,98907,98908],{"id":98906},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98909,3922],{},[20,98911,172,98912,98914],{},[15,98913,3922],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98916,5587],{},[192,98918,98919,98921,98923,98925],{},[195,98920,97025],{},[195,98922,96321],{},[195,98924,56397],{},[195,98926,98927],{},[15,98928,36121],{},[1960,98930,98932],{"id":98931},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98934,98936],{"className":37,"code":98935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98937,98938,98972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98939,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950,98952,98954,98956,98958,98960,98962,98964,98966,98968,98970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98941,3741],{"class":50},[44,98943,55],{"class":54},[44,98945,15718],{"class":1861},[44,98947,3105],{"class":58},[44,98949,3108],{"class":95},[44,98951,83],{"class":58},[44,98953,1012],{"class":95},[44,98955,83],{"class":58},[44,98957,1012],{"class":95},[44,98959,83],{"class":58},[44,98961,1017],{"class":95},[44,98963,83],{"class":58},[44,98965,1017],{"class":95},[44,98967,83],{"class":58},[44,98969,2574],{"class":95},[44,98971,4015],{"class":58},[44,98973,98974,98976,98978,98980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,98975,154],{"class":153},[44,98977,157],{"class":58},[44,98979,3773],{"class":111},[44,98981,162],{"class":58},[20,98983,98984],{},[3868,98985,30096],{},[35,98987,98988],{"className":37,"code":96208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98989,98990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98991,98992,98994,98996,98998,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98993,340],{"class":58},[44,98995,3108],{"class":95},[44,98997,83],{"class":58},[44,98999,1012],{"class":95},[44,99001,83],{"class":58},[44,99003,1017],{"class":95},[44,99005,83],{"class":58},[44,99007,2574],{"class":95},[44,99009,99],{"class":58},[20,99011,99012,99013,108],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[395,99014,99016],{"href":99015},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1960,99018,99020],{"id":99019},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,99022,99024],{"className":37,"code":99023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99025,99026,99052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99027,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99029,3948],{"class":50},[44,99031,55],{"class":54},[44,99033,15718],{"class":1861},[44,99035,5640],{"class":58},[44,99037,2448],{"class":95},[44,99039,83],{"class":58},[44,99041,96],{"class":95},[44,99043,83],{"class":58},[44,99045,96],{"class":95},[44,99047,83],{"class":58},[44,99049,7925],{"class":95},[44,99051,1869],{"class":58},[44,99053,99054,99056,99058,99060],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99055,154],{"class":153},[44,99057,157],{"class":58},[44,99059,5488],{"class":111},[44,99061,162],{"class":58},[20,99063,99064],{},[3868,99065,30096],{},[35,99067,99069],{"className":37,"code":99068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99070,99071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99072,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99074,340],{"class":58},[44,99076,2448],{"class":95},[44,99078,83],{"class":58},[44,99080,96],{"class":95},[44,99082,83],{"class":58},[44,99084,7925],{"class":95},[44,99086,99],{"class":58},[1960,99088,99090],{"id":99089},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,99092,99094],{"className":37,"code":99093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99095,99096,99114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99097,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99099,36013],{"class":50},[44,99101,55],{"class":54},[44,99103,15718],{"class":1861},[44,99105,157],{"class":58},[44,99107,63],{"class":62},[44,99109,3971],{"class":66},[44,99111,63],{"class":62},[44,99113,162],{"class":58},[44,99115,99116,99118,99120,99122],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99117,154],{"class":153},[44,99119,157],{"class":58},[44,99121,36066],{"class":111},[44,99123,162],{"class":58},[20,99125,99126],{},[3868,99127,30096],{},[35,99129,99131],{"className":37,"code":99130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99132,99133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99134,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99136,340],{"class":58},[44,99138,343],{"class":62},[44,99140,60372],{"class":66},[44,99142,343],{"class":62},[44,99144,83],{"class":58},[44,99146,352],{"class":62},[44,99148,60381],{"class":66},[44,99150,343],{"class":62},[44,99152,83],{"class":58},[44,99154,352],{"class":62},[44,99156,60390],{"class":66},[44,99158,343],{"class":62},[44,99160,83],{"class":58},[44,99162,352],{"class":62},[44,99164,60407],{"class":66},[44,99166,343],{"class":62},[44,99168,99],{"class":58},[20,99170,99171],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,99173,99175],{"id":99174},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99177,99178,99179,108],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99180,3922],{},[35,99182,99184],{"className":37,"code":99183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99185,99186,99196,99206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99187,99188,99190,99192,99194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99189,98228],{"class":50},[44,99191,55],{"class":54},[44,99193,15718],{"class":1861},[44,99195,1635],{"class":58},[44,99197,99198,99200,99202,99204],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99199,154],{"class":153},[44,99201,157],{"class":58},[44,99203,98247],{"class":111},[44,99205,162],{"class":58},[44,99207,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,99209,154],{"class":153},[44,99211,157],{"class":58},[44,99213,1862],{"class":1861},[44,99215,157],{"class":58},[44,99217,98247],{"class":111},[44,99219,1869],{"class":58},[20,99221,99222],{},[3868,99223,330],{},[35,99225,99227],{"className":37,"code":99226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99228,99229,99235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99230,99231,99233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99232,6416],{"class":1861},[44,99234,1635],{"class":58},[44,99236,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245,99247],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99238,3411],{"class":54},[44,99240,3414],{"class":2182},[44,99242,352],{"class":62},[44,99244,6416],{"class":66},[44,99246,343],{"class":62},[44,99248,3423],{"class":54},[1960,99250,44357,99252],{"id":99251},"do-not-use",[15,99253,3917],{},[20,99255,99256,99257,99259],{},"Empty braces do ",[3868,99258,4762],{}," create a set.",[35,99261,99263],{"className":37,"code":99262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99264,99265,99273,99283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99266,99267,99269,99271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99268,98172],{"class":50},[44,99270,55],{"class":54},[44,99272,1238],{"class":58},[44,99274,99275,99277,99279,99281],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99276,154],{"class":153},[44,99278,157],{"class":58},[44,99280,98189],{"class":111},[44,99282,162],{"class":58},[44,99284,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,99286,154],{"class":153},[44,99288,157],{"class":58},[44,99290,1862],{"class":1861},[44,99292,157],{"class":58},[44,99294,98189],{"class":111},[44,99296,1869],{"class":58},[20,99298,99299],{},[3868,99300,330],{},[35,99302,99304],{"className":37,"code":99303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99305,99306,99310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99307,99308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99309,9550],{"class":58},[44,99311,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99313,3411],{"class":54},[44,99315,3414],{"class":2182},[44,99317,352],{"class":62},[44,99319,1918],{"class":66},[44,99321,343],{"class":62},[44,99323,3423],{"class":54},[20,99325,99326,8919],{},[15,99327,3917],{},[30,99329,72204],{"id":72203},[20,99331,99332],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99334,99335],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99337,99339],{"className":37,"code":99338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99340,99341,99389,99399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99342,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99344,4198],{"class":50},[44,99346,55],{"class":54},[44,99348,59],{"class":58},[44,99350,63],{"class":62},[44,99352,4207],{"class":66},[44,99354,63],{"class":62},[44,99356,83],{"class":58},[44,99358,75],{"class":62},[44,99360,4216],{"class":66},[44,99362,63],{"class":62},[44,99364,83],{"class":58},[44,99366,75],{"class":62},[44,99368,4207],{"class":66},[44,99370,63],{"class":62},[44,99372,83],{"class":58},[44,99374,75],{"class":62},[44,99376,4207],{"class":66},[44,99378,63],{"class":62},[44,99380,83],{"class":58},[44,99382,75],{"class":62},[44,99384,33140],{"class":66},[44,99386,63],{"class":62},[44,99388,99],{"class":58},[44,99390,99391,99393,99395,99397],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99392,154],{"class":153},[44,99394,157],{"class":58},[44,99396,4242],{"class":111},[44,99398,162],{"class":58},[44,99400,99401,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,99402,154],{"class":153},[44,99404,157],{"class":58},[44,99406,11271],{"class":153},[44,99408,157],{"class":58},[44,99410,4242],{"class":111},[44,99412,1869],{"class":58},[20,99414,99415],{},[3868,99416,30096],{},[35,99418,99420],{"className":37,"code":99419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99421,99422,99450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99425,340],{"class":58},[44,99427,343],{"class":62},[44,99429,4216],{"class":66},[44,99431,343],{"class":62},[44,99433,83],{"class":58},[44,99435,352],{"class":62},[44,99437,33140],{"class":66},[44,99439,343],{"class":62},[44,99441,83],{"class":58},[44,99443,352],{"class":62},[44,99445,4207],{"class":66},[44,99447,343],{"class":62},[44,99449,99],{"class":58},[44,99451,99452],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99453,46546],{"class":95},[20,99455,99456],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99458,99460],{"id":99459},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99462,99463,99464,99466],{},"Set items must be ",[3868,99465,96309],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99468,99469],{},"These usually work:",[192,99471,99472,99474,99476,99478],{},[195,99473,56394],{},[195,99475,56397],{},[195,99477,96321],{},[195,99479,40521],{},[35,99481,99483],{"className":37,"code":99482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99484,99485,99519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99486,99487,99489,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515,99517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99488,3948],{"class":50},[44,99490,55],{"class":54},[44,99492,59],{"class":58},[44,99494,3108],{"class":95},[44,99496,83],{"class":58},[44,99498,75],{"class":62},[44,99500,4207],{"class":66},[44,99502,63],{"class":62},[44,99504,83],{"class":58},[44,99506,857],{"class":58},[44,99508,2448],{"class":95},[44,99510,83],{"class":58},[44,99512,96],{"class":95},[44,99514,854],{"class":58},[44,99516,4043],{"class":1400},[44,99518,99],{"class":58},[44,99520,99521,99523,99525,99527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99522,154],{"class":153},[44,99524,157],{"class":58},[44,99526,5488],{"class":111},[44,99528,162],{"class":58},[20,99530,99531,99532,99534],{},"These do ",[3868,99533,4762],{}," work directly:",[192,99536,99537,99539],{},[195,99538,97025],{},[195,99540,97028],{},[35,99542,99544],{"className":37,"code":99543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99545,99546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99547,99548,99551,99553,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99549,99550],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99552,55],{"class":54},[44,99554,99555],{"class":58}," {[",[44,99557,3108],{"class":95},[44,99559,83],{"class":58},[44,99561,1012],{"class":95},[44,99563,83],{"class":58},[44,99565,1017],{"class":95},[44,99567,13798],{"class":58},[20,99569,99570],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99572,99573],{"className":37,"code":97084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99574,99575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99576,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99578,3125],{"class":1861},[44,99580,72],{"class":58},[44,99582,97095],{"class":50},[44,99584,1862],{"class":1861},[44,99586,72],{"class":58},[44,99588,352],{"class":62},[44,99590,1878],{"class":66},[44,99592,29766],{"class":62},[20,99594,52011],{},[35,99596,99598],{"className":37,"code":99597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99599,99600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99601,99602,99604,99606,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621,99623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99603,99550],{"class":50},[44,99605,55],{"class":54},[44,99607,99608],{"class":58}," {{",[44,99610,63],{"class":62},[44,99612,67],{"class":66},[44,99614,63],{"class":62},[44,99616,72],{"class":58},[44,99618,75],{"class":62},[44,99620,470],{"class":66},[44,99622,63],{"class":62},[44,99624,99625],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,99627,99628],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99630,99632],{"id":99631},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1960,99634,99636],{"id":99635},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99638,99640],{"className":37,"code":99639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99641,99642,99666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99643,99644,99646,99648,99650,99652,99654,99656,99658,99660,99662,99664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99645,3741],{"class":50},[44,99647,55],{"class":54},[44,99649,59],{"class":58},[44,99651,3108],{"class":95},[44,99653,83],{"class":58},[44,99655,1012],{"class":95},[44,99657,83],{"class":58},[44,99659,1017],{"class":95},[44,99661,83],{"class":58},[44,99663,2574],{"class":95},[44,99665,99],{"class":58},[44,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99669,154],{"class":153},[44,99671,157],{"class":58},[44,99673,3773],{"class":111},[44,99675,162],{"class":58},[1960,99677,99679],{"id":99678},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99681,99683],{"className":37,"code":99682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99684,99685,99713,99728,99732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99686,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99688,7910],{"class":50},[44,99690,55],{"class":54},[44,99692,3746],{"class":58},[44,99694,3108],{"class":95},[44,99696,83],{"class":58},[44,99698,504],{"class":95},[44,99700,83],{"class":58},[44,99702,1012],{"class":95},[44,99704,83],{"class":58},[44,99706,1017],{"class":95},[44,99708,83],{"class":58},[44,99710,1017],{"class":95},[44,99712,3759],{"class":58},[44,99714,99715,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99716,99717],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99719,55],{"class":54},[44,99721,15718],{"class":1861},[44,99723,157],{"class":58},[44,99725,7940],{"class":111},[44,99727,162],{"class":58},[44,99729,99730],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,99731,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,99733,99734,99736,99738,99741],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,99735,154],{"class":153},[44,99737,157],{"class":58},[44,99739,99740],{"class":111},"unique_items",[44,99742,162],{"class":58},[1960,99744,99090],{"id":99745},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99747,99749],{"className":37,"code":99748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99750,99751,99769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99752,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99754,36013],{"class":50},[44,99756,55],{"class":54},[44,99758,15718],{"class":1861},[44,99760,157],{"class":58},[44,99762,63],{"class":62},[44,99764,4216],{"class":66},[44,99766,63],{"class":62},[44,99768,162],{"class":58},[44,99770,99771,99773,99775,99777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99772,154],{"class":153},[44,99774,157],{"class":58},[44,99776,36066],{"class":111},[44,99778,162],{"class":58},[1960,99780,99782],{"id":99781},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99784,99786],{"className":37,"code":99785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99787,99788,99798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99789,99790,99792,99794,99796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99791,98228],{"class":50},[44,99793,55],{"class":54},[44,99795,15718],{"class":1861},[44,99797,1635],{"class":58},[44,99799,99800,99802,99804,99806],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99801,154],{"class":153},[44,99803,157],{"class":58},[44,99805,98247],{"class":111},[44,99807,162],{"class":58},[30,99809,1803],{"id":1802},[20,99811,99812],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1960,99814,567,99816,99818],{"id":99815},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99817,3917],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99820,99821],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99823,99825],{"className":37,"code":99824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99826,99827,99835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99828,99829,99831,99833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99830,2564],{"class":50},[44,99832,55],{"class":54},[44,99834,1238],{"class":58},[44,99836,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99838,154],{"class":153},[44,99840,157],{"class":58},[44,99842,1862],{"class":1861},[44,99844,157],{"class":58},[44,99846,2590],{"class":111},[44,99848,1869],{"class":58},[20,99850,99851],{},"This prints:",[35,99853,99854],{"className":37,"code":8939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99855,99856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99857,99858,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99859,3411],{"class":54},[44,99861,3414],{"class":2182},[44,99863,352],{"class":62},[44,99865,1918],{"class":66},[44,99867,343],{"class":62},[44,99869,3423],{"class":54},[20,99871,172,99872,6761],{},[15,99873,3922],{},[1960,99875,99877],{"id":99876},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99879,99880],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99882,99884],{"className":37,"code":99883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99885,99886,99914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99887,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900,99902,99904,99906,99908,99910,99912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99889,3741],{"class":50},[44,99891,55],{"class":54},[44,99893,59],{"class":58},[44,99895,3108],{"class":95},[44,99897,83],{"class":58},[44,99899,504],{"class":95},[44,99901,83],{"class":58},[44,99903,1012],{"class":95},[44,99905,83],{"class":58},[44,99907,1012],{"class":95},[44,99909,83],{"class":58},[44,99911,1017],{"class":95},[44,99913,99],{"class":58},[44,99915,99916,99918,99920,99922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99917,154],{"class":153},[44,99919,157],{"class":58},[44,99921,3773],{"class":111},[44,99923,162],{"class":58},[20,99925,99926],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1960,99928,99930],{"id":99929},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99932,99933],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99935,99936],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99938,99940],{"className":37,"code":99939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99941,99942,99962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99943,99944,99946,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958,99960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99945,3741],{"class":50},[44,99947,55],{"class":54},[44,99949,59],{"class":58},[44,99951,2448],{"class":95},[44,99953,83],{"class":58},[44,99955,96],{"class":95},[44,99957,83],{"class":58},[44,99959,7925],{"class":95},[44,99961,99],{"class":58},[44,99963,99964],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99965,99966],{"class":168},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99968,99969],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1960,99971,99973],{"id":99972},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99975,99976],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99978,99980],{"className":37,"code":99979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99981,99982,99987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99983,99984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99985,99986],{"class":168},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99988,99989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,99990,99991],{"class":168},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99993,99994,99995,108],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99996,3125],{},[1960,99998,100000],{"id":99999},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100002,100003],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,100005,100007],{"className":37,"code":100006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100008,100009,100029,100061,100065,100079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100010,100011,100013,100015,100017,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100012,15713],{"class":50},[44,100014,55],{"class":54},[44,100016,59],{"class":58},[44,100018,3108],{"class":95},[44,100020,83],{"class":58},[44,100022,1012],{"class":95},[44,100024,83],{"class":58},[44,100026,1017],{"class":95},[44,100028,99],{"class":58},[44,100030,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100032,11829],{"class":50},[44,100034,55],{"class":54},[44,100036,59],{"class":58},[44,100038,63],{"class":62},[44,100040,395],{"class":66},[44,100042,63],{"class":62},[44,100044,72],{"class":58},[44,100046,504],{"class":95},[44,100048,83],{"class":58},[44,100050,75],{"class":62},[44,100052,1005],{"class":66},[44,100054,63],{"class":62},[44,100056,72],{"class":58},[44,100058,1012],{"class":95},[44,100060,99],{"class":58},[44,100062,100063],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,100064,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100066,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,100068,154],{"class":153},[44,100070,157],{"class":58},[44,100072,1862],{"class":1861},[44,100074,157],{"class":58},[44,100076,15751],{"class":111},[44,100078,1869],{"class":58},[44,100080,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,100082,154],{"class":153},[44,100084,157],{"class":58},[44,100086,1862],{"class":1861},[44,100088,157],{"class":58},[44,100090,1850],{"class":111},[44,100092,1869],{"class":58},[30,100094,92721],{"id":92720},[20,100096,100097],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,100099,100101],{"className":37,"code":100100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100102,100103,100129,100133,100147,100157,100171,100178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100104,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100106,15713],{"class":50},[44,100108,55],{"class":54},[44,100110,15718],{"class":1861},[44,100112,3105],{"class":58},[44,100114,3108],{"class":95},[44,100116,83],{"class":58},[44,100118,1012],{"class":95},[44,100120,83],{"class":58},[44,100122,1012],{"class":95},[44,100124,83],{"class":58},[44,100126,1017],{"class":95},[44,100128,4015],{"class":58},[44,100130,100131],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100132,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100134,100135,100137,100139,100141,100143,100145],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,100136,154],{"class":153},[44,100138,157],{"class":58},[44,100140,1862],{"class":1861},[44,100142,157],{"class":58},[44,100144,15751],{"class":111},[44,100146,1869],{"class":58},[44,100148,100149,100151,100153,100155],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,100150,154],{"class":153},[44,100152,157],{"class":58},[44,100154,15751],{"class":111},[44,100156,162],{"class":58},[44,100158,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,100160,154],{"class":153},[44,100162,157],{"class":58},[44,100164,11271],{"class":153},[44,100166,157],{"class":58},[44,100168,15751],{"class":111},[44,100170,1869],{"class":58},[44,100172,100173,100175],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,100174,154],{"class":153},[44,100176,100177],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,100179,100180,100182,100184,100186],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,100181,154],{"class":153},[44,100183,157],{"class":58},[44,100185,6416],{"class":1861},[44,100187,7325],{"class":58},[20,100189,100190],{},"Use these to confirm:",[192,100192,100193,100196,100199,100202],{},[195,100194,100195],{},"The object type",[195,100197,100198],{},"The actual values stored",[195,100200,100201],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[195,100203,100204,100205,4523,100207],{},"The difference between ",[15,100206,3917],{},[15,100208,3922],{},[30,100210,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,100212,100214],{"id":100213},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100216,100217,100218,100221,100222,100224],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100219,100220],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100223,3922],{}," with another iterable.",[1960,100226,100228],{"id":100227},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100230,172,100231,100233,100234,100236],{},[15,100232,3922],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100235,3917],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1960,100238,100240],{"id":100239},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100242,100243],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1960,100245,100247],{"id":100246},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100249,100250],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1960,100252,100254],{"id":100253},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100256,100257],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,100259,2020],{"id":2019},[192,100261,100262,100266,100272,100278,100283],{},[195,100263,100264],{},[395,100265,96266],{"href":97437},[195,100267,100268],{},[395,100269,3697,100270,10852],{"href":98438},[15,100271,96146],{},[195,100273,100274],{},[395,100275,3697,100276,10852],{"href":98457},[15,100277,97252],{},[195,100279,100280],{},[395,100281,100282],{"href":99015},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[195,100284,100285],{},[395,100286,100287],{"href":98729},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100289,100290],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2048,100292,100293],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":100295},[100296,100297,100298,100299,100302,100308,100312,100313,100314,100320,100328,100329,100336],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":98701,"depth":102,"text":98702},{"id":98733,"depth":102,"text":98734,"children":100300},[100301],{"id":98802,"depth":150,"text":98803},{"id":98906,"depth":102,"text":100303,"children":100304},"Create a set with set()",[100305,100306,100307],{"id":98931,"depth":150,"text":98932},{"id":99019,"depth":150,"text":99020},{"id":99089,"depth":150,"text":99090},{"id":99174,"depth":102,"text":99175,"children":100309},[100310],{"id":99251,"depth":150,"text":100311},"Do not use {}",{"id":72203,"depth":102,"text":72204},{"id":99459,"depth":102,"text":99460},{"id":99631,"depth":102,"text":99632,"children":100315},[100316,100317,100318,100319],{"id":99635,"depth":150,"text":99636},{"id":99678,"depth":150,"text":99679},{"id":99745,"depth":150,"text":99090},{"id":99781,"depth":150,"text":99782},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":100321},[100322,100324,100325,100326,100327],{"id":99815,"depth":150,"text":100323},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99876,"depth":150,"text":99877},{"id":99929,"depth":150,"text":99930},{"id":99972,"depth":150,"text":99973},{"id":99999,"depth":150,"text":100000},{"id":92720,"depth":102,"text":92721},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":100330},[100331,100332,100333,100334,100335],{"id":100213,"depth":150,"text":100214},{"id":100227,"depth":150,"text":100228},{"id":100239,"depth":150,"text":100240},{"id":100246,"depth":150,"text":100247},{"id":100253,"depth":150,"text":100254},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98504,"description":100337},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100343,"title":100344,"body":100345,"description":102776,"extension":2080,"meta":102777,"navigation":682,"path":102778,"seo":102779,"stem":102780,"__hash__":102781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100346,"toc":102741},[100347,100353,100359,100362,100364,100441,100443,100460,100470,100472,100477,100485,100487,100503,100507,100509,100511,100514,100535,100538,100562,100568,100570,100667,100669,100686,100696,100698,100700,100708,100710,100721,100723,100814,100816,100840,100851,100853,100855,100858,100988,100990,101063,101065,101086,101089,101091,101097,101102,101105,101232,101234,101251,101254,101256,101264,101267,101271,101279,101370,101372,101409,101414,101421,101498,101500,101516,101521,101526,101528,101537,101545,101626,101628,101657,101660,101664,101675,101678,101761,101763,101784,101790,101792,101794,101798,101802,101809,101874,101876,101896,101899,101968,101970,101986,101990,101996,102008,102016,102018,102103,102105,102134,102137,102141,102146,102148,102198,102201,102282,102284,102300,102304,102307,102382,102385,102389,102392,102469,102471,102504,102510,102514,102517,102652,102654,102668,102670,102672,102678,102681,102688,102696,102702,102705,102709,102712,102714,102716,102738],[10,100348,96138,100350,18],{"id":100349},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100351,100352],{},"difference()",[20,100354,100355,100358],{},[15,100356,100357],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100360,100361],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100363,3731],{"id":3730},[35,100365,100367],{"className":37,"code":100366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100368,100369,100393,100413,100431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100370,100371,100373,100375,100377,100379,100381,100383,100385,100387,100389,100391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100372,2673],{"class":50},[44,100374,55],{"class":54},[44,100376,59],{"class":58},[44,100378,3108],{"class":95},[44,100380,83],{"class":58},[44,100382,1012],{"class":95},[44,100384,83],{"class":58},[44,100386,1017],{"class":95},[44,100388,83],{"class":58},[44,100390,2574],{"class":95},[44,100392,99],{"class":58},[44,100394,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100396,2701],{"class":50},[44,100398,55],{"class":54},[44,100400,59],{"class":58},[44,100402,2179],{"class":95},[44,100404,83],{"class":58},[44,100406,2574],{"class":95},[44,100408,83],{"class":58},[44,100410,4736],{"class":95},[44,100412,99],{"class":58},[44,100414,100415,100417,100419,100421,100423,100425,100427,100429],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,100416,1340],{"class":50},[44,100418,55],{"class":54},[44,100420,56820],{"class":50},[44,100422,108],{"class":58},[44,100424,2931],{"class":111},[44,100426,157],{"class":58},[44,100428,1005],{"class":111},[44,100430,162],{"class":58},[44,100432,100433,100435,100437,100439],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,100434,154],{"class":153},[44,100436,157],{"class":58},[44,100438,1376],{"class":111},[44,100440,162],{"class":58},[20,100442,330],{},[35,100444,100446],{"className":37,"code":100445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100447,100448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100449,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100451,340],{"class":58},[44,100453,3108],{"class":95},[44,100455,83],{"class":58},[44,100457,1012],{"class":95},[44,100459,99],{"class":58},[20,100461,100462,100464,100465,100467,100468,108],{},[15,100463,100352],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100466,395],{}," that are not in ",[15,100469,1005],{},[44845,100471],{},[30,100473,179,100475,182],{"id":100474},"what-difference-does",[15,100476,100352],{},[20,100478,22,100479,100481,100482,100484],{},[15,100480,100352],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3868,100483,4762],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100486,13148],{},[192,100488,100489,100494,100497,100500],{},[195,100490,100491,100493],{},[15,100492,100352],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[195,100495,100496],{},"It creates a new set",[195,100498,100499],{},"It does not change the original set",[195,100501,100502],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100504,96262,100505,108],{},[395,100506,96266],{"href":97437},[44845,100508],{},[30,100510,402],{"id":401},[20,100512,100513],{},"Use this form:",[35,100515,100517],{"className":37,"code":100516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100518,100519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100520,100521,100524,100526,100528,100530,100533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100522,100523],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100525,108],{"class":58},[44,100527,2931],{"class":111},[44,100529,157],{"class":58},[44,100531,100532],{"class":111},"set2",[44,100534,162],{"class":58},[20,100536,100537],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100539,100541],{"className":37,"code":100540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100542,100543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100544,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557,100560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100546,100523],{"class":50},[44,100548,108],{"class":58},[44,100550,2931],{"class":111},[44,100552,157],{"class":58},[44,100554,100532],{"class":111},[44,100556,83],{"class":58},[44,100558,100559],{"class":111}," set3",[44,100561,162],{"class":58},[20,100563,100564,100565,100567],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3868,100566,5483],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100569,223],{},[35,100571,100573],{"className":37,"code":100572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100574,100575,100603,100619,100631,100635,100657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100576,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593,100595,100597,100599,100601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100578,2673],{"class":50},[44,100580,55],{"class":54},[44,100582,59],{"class":58},[44,100584,3108],{"class":95},[44,100586,83],{"class":58},[44,100588,1012],{"class":95},[44,100590,83],{"class":58},[44,100592,1017],{"class":95},[44,100594,83],{"class":58},[44,100596,2574],{"class":95},[44,100598,83],{"class":58},[44,100600,4736],{"class":95},[44,100602,99],{"class":58},[44,100604,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100606,2701],{"class":50},[44,100608,55],{"class":54},[44,100610,59],{"class":58},[44,100612,2173],{"class":95},[44,100614,83],{"class":58},[44,100616,1017],{"class":95},[44,100618,99],{"class":58},[44,100620,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,100622,83121],{"class":50},[44,100624,55],{"class":54},[44,100626,59],{"class":58},[44,100628,2254],{"class":95},[44,100630,99],{"class":58},[44,100632,100633],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,100634,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100636,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,100638,1340],{"class":50},[44,100640,55],{"class":54},[44,100642,56820],{"class":50},[44,100644,108],{"class":58},[44,100646,2931],{"class":111},[44,100648,157],{"class":58},[44,100650,1005],{"class":111},[44,100652,83],{"class":58},[44,100654,9797],{"class":111},[44,100656,162],{"class":58},[44,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,100660,154],{"class":153},[44,100662,157],{"class":58},[44,100664,1376],{"class":111},[44,100666,162],{"class":58},[20,100668,330],{},[35,100670,100672],{"className":37,"code":100671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100673,100674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100675,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100677,340],{"class":58},[44,100679,3108],{"class":95},[44,100681,83],{"class":58},[44,100683,2574],{"class":95},[44,100685,99],{"class":58},[20,100687,100688,100689,100691,100692,2997,100694,108],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100690,395],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100693,1005],{},[15,100695,9855],{},[44845,100697],{},[30,100699,1293],{"id":1292},[20,100701,100702,100704,100705,108],{},[15,100703,100352],{}," always returns a ",[3868,100706,100707],{},"new set",[20,100709,43578],{},[192,100711,100712,100715,100718],{},[195,100713,100714],{},"The return value is a new set",[195,100716,100717],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[195,100719,100720],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100722,223],{},[35,100724,100726],{"className":37,"code":100725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100727,100728,100744,100764,100768,100786,100790,100800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100729,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100731,2673],{"class":50},[44,100733,55],{"class":54},[44,100735,59],{"class":58},[44,100737,3108],{"class":95},[44,100739,83],{"class":58},[44,100741,1012],{"class":95},[44,100743,99],{"class":58},[44,100745,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100747,2701],{"class":50},[44,100749,55],{"class":54},[44,100751,59],{"class":58},[44,100753,3108],{"class":95},[44,100755,83],{"class":58},[44,100757,1012],{"class":95},[44,100759,83],{"class":58},[44,100761,1017],{"class":95},[44,100763,99],{"class":58},[44,100765,100766],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,100767,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100769,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,100771,1340],{"class":50},[44,100773,55],{"class":54},[44,100775,56820],{"class":50},[44,100777,108],{"class":58},[44,100779,2931],{"class":111},[44,100781,157],{"class":58},[44,100783,1005],{"class":111},[44,100785,162],{"class":58},[44,100787,100788],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,100789,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100791,100792,100794,100796,100798],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,100793,154],{"class":153},[44,100795,157],{"class":58},[44,100797,1376],{"class":111},[44,100799,162],{"class":58},[44,100801,100802,100804,100806,100808,100810,100812],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,100803,154],{"class":153},[44,100805,157],{"class":58},[44,100807,1862],{"class":1861},[44,100809,157],{"class":58},[44,100811,1376],{"class":111},[44,100813,1869],{"class":58},[20,100815,330],{},[35,100817,100818],{"className":37,"code":99226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100819,100820,100826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100821,100822,100824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100823,6416],{"class":1861},[44,100825,1635],{"class":58},[44,100827,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100829,3411],{"class":54},[44,100831,3414],{"class":2182},[44,100833,352],{"class":62},[44,100835,6416],{"class":66},[44,100837,343],{"class":62},[44,100839,3423],{"class":54},[20,100841,100842,100843,19040,100845,100847,100848,100850],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100844,3922],{},[15,100846,3917],{},". In Python, ",[15,100849,3917],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44845,100852],{},[30,100854,11581],{"id":11580},[20,100856,100857],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100859,100861],{"className":37,"code":100860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100862,100863,100896,100929,100933,100953,100957,100967,100978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100864,100865,100868,100870,100872,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892,100894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100866,100867],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100869,55],{"class":54},[44,100871,59],{"class":58},[44,100873,63],{"class":62},[44,100875,4207],{"class":66},[44,100877,63],{"class":62},[44,100879,83],{"class":58},[44,100881,75],{"class":62},[44,100883,4216],{"class":66},[44,100885,63],{"class":62},[44,100887,83],{"class":58},[44,100889,75],{"class":62},[44,100891,33140],{"class":66},[44,100893,63],{"class":62},[44,100895,99],{"class":58},[44,100897,100898,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921,100923,100925,100927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,100899,100900],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100902,55],{"class":54},[44,100904,59],{"class":58},[44,100906,63],{"class":62},[44,100908,4216],{"class":66},[44,100910,63],{"class":62},[44,100912,83],{"class":58},[44,100914,75],{"class":62},[44,100916,33140],{"class":66},[44,100918,63],{"class":62},[44,100920,83],{"class":58},[44,100922,75],{"class":62},[44,100924,22603],{"class":66},[44,100926,63],{"class":62},[44,100928,99],{"class":58},[44,100930,100931],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,100932,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100934,100935,100937,100939,100942,100944,100946,100948,100951],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,100936,1340],{"class":50},[44,100938,55],{"class":54},[44,100940,100941],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100943,108],{"class":58},[44,100945,2931],{"class":111},[44,100947,157],{"class":58},[44,100949,100950],{"class":111},"fruits_b",[44,100952,162],{"class":58},[44,100954,100955],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,100956,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,100958,100959,100961,100963,100965],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,100960,154],{"class":153},[44,100962,157],{"class":58},[44,100964,1376],{"class":111},[44,100966,162],{"class":58},[44,100968,100969,100971,100973,100976],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,100970,154],{"class":153},[44,100972,157],{"class":58},[44,100974,100975],{"class":111},"fruits_a",[44,100977,162],{"class":58},[44,100979,100980,100982,100984,100986],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,100981,154],{"class":153},[44,100983,157],{"class":58},[44,100985,100950],{"class":111},[44,100987,162],{"class":58},[20,100989,30096],{},[35,100991,100993],{"className":37,"code":100992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100994,100995,101007,101035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100996,100997,100999,101001,101003,101005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100998,340],{"class":58},[44,101000,343],{"class":62},[44,101002,4207],{"class":66},[44,101004,343],{"class":62},[44,101006,99],{"class":58},[44,101008,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027,101029,101031,101033],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101010,340],{"class":58},[44,101012,343],{"class":62},[44,101014,4216],{"class":66},[44,101016,343],{"class":62},[44,101018,83],{"class":58},[44,101020,352],{"class":62},[44,101022,33140],{"class":66},[44,101024,343],{"class":62},[44,101026,83],{"class":58},[44,101028,352],{"class":62},[44,101030,4207],{"class":66},[44,101032,343],{"class":62},[44,101034,99],{"class":58},[44,101036,101037,101039,101041,101043,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101038,340],{"class":58},[44,101040,343],{"class":62},[44,101042,4216],{"class":66},[44,101044,343],{"class":62},[44,101046,83],{"class":58},[44,101048,352],{"class":62},[44,101050,33140],{"class":66},[44,101052,343],{"class":62},[44,101054,83],{"class":58},[44,101056,352],{"class":62},[44,101058,22603],{"class":66},[44,101060,343],{"class":62},[44,101062,99],{"class":58},[20,101064,11788],{},[192,101066,101067,101072,101077,101083],{},[195,101068,101069,101070],{},"Start with ",[15,101071,100975],{},[195,101073,101074,101075],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101076,100950],{},[195,101078,101079,101080,101082],{},"Only ",[15,101081,57766],{}," remains",[195,101084,101085],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101087,101088],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44845,101090],{},[30,101092,567,101094,101096],{"id":101093},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101095,100352],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101098,101099,101100,108],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101101,100352],{},[20,101103,101104],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,101106,101108],{"className":37,"code":101107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101109,101110,101142,101159,101172,101189,101193,101222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101111,101112,101114,101116,101118,101120,101122,101124,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138,101140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101113,3741],{"class":50},[44,101115,55],{"class":54},[44,101117,59],{"class":58},[44,101119,3108],{"class":95},[44,101121,83],{"class":58},[44,101123,1012],{"class":95},[44,101125,83],{"class":58},[44,101127,1017],{"class":95},[44,101129,83],{"class":58},[44,101131,2574],{"class":95},[44,101133,83],{"class":58},[44,101135,4736],{"class":95},[44,101137,83],{"class":58},[44,101139,37568],{"class":95},[44,101141,99],{"class":58},[44,101143,101144,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101145,101146],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,101148,55],{"class":54},[44,101150,59],{"class":58},[44,101152,2173],{"class":95},[44,101154,83],{"class":58},[44,101156,2574],{"class":95},[44,101158,99],{"class":58},[44,101160,101161,101164,101166,101168,101170],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101162,101163],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,101165,55],{"class":54},[44,101167,59],{"class":58},[44,101169,2254],{"class":95},[44,101171,99],{"class":58},[44,101173,101174,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101175,101176],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,101178,55],{"class":54},[44,101180,59],{"class":58},[44,101182,80529],{"class":95},[44,101184,83],{"class":58},[44,101186,6123],{"class":95},[44,101188,99],{"class":58},[44,101190,101191],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101192,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101194,101195,101197,101199,101201,101203,101205,101207,101210,101212,101215,101217,101220],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,101196,1340],{"class":50},[44,101198,55],{"class":54},[44,101200,4392],{"class":50},[44,101202,108],{"class":58},[44,101204,2931],{"class":111},[44,101206,157],{"class":58},[44,101208,101209],{"class":111},"group_a",[44,101211,83],{"class":58},[44,101213,101214],{"class":111}," group_b",[44,101216,83],{"class":58},[44,101218,101219],{"class":111}," group_c",[44,101221,162],{"class":58},[44,101223,101224,101226,101228,101230],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,101225,154],{"class":153},[44,101227,157],{"class":58},[44,101229,1376],{"class":111},[44,101231,162],{"class":58},[20,101233,330],{},[35,101235,101237],{"className":37,"code":101236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101238,101239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101240,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101242,340],{"class":58},[44,101244,3108],{"class":95},[44,101246,83],{"class":58},[44,101248,1017],{"class":95},[44,101250,99],{"class":58},[20,101252,101253],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44845,101255],{},[30,101257,101259,10698,101261],{"id":101258},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101260,100352],{},[15,101262,101263],{},"difference_update()",[20,101265,101266],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1960,101268,101269],{"id":2931},[15,101270,100352],{},[192,101272,101273,101276],{},[195,101274,101275],{},"Returns a new set",[195,101277,101278],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,101280,101282],{"className":37,"code":101281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101283,101284,101308,101324,101328,101346,101350,101360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101285,101286,101288,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304,101306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101287,2673],{"class":50},[44,101289,55],{"class":54},[44,101291,59],{"class":58},[44,101293,3108],{"class":95},[44,101295,83],{"class":58},[44,101297,1012],{"class":95},[44,101299,83],{"class":58},[44,101301,1017],{"class":95},[44,101303,83],{"class":58},[44,101305,2574],{"class":95},[44,101307,99],{"class":58},[44,101309,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101311,2701],{"class":50},[44,101313,55],{"class":54},[44,101315,59],{"class":58},[44,101317,2179],{"class":95},[44,101319,83],{"class":58},[44,101321,2574],{"class":95},[44,101323,99],{"class":58},[44,101325,101326],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101327,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101329,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101331,1340],{"class":50},[44,101333,55],{"class":54},[44,101335,56820],{"class":50},[44,101337,108],{"class":58},[44,101339,2931],{"class":111},[44,101341,157],{"class":58},[44,101343,1005],{"class":111},[44,101345,162],{"class":58},[44,101347,101348],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101349,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101351,101352,101354,101356,101358],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,101353,154],{"class":153},[44,101355,157],{"class":58},[44,101357,1376],{"class":111},[44,101359,162],{"class":58},[44,101361,101362,101364,101366,101368],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,101363,154],{"class":153},[44,101365,157],{"class":58},[44,101367,395],{"class":111},[44,101369,162],{"class":58},[20,101371,330],{},[35,101373,101375],{"className":37,"code":101374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101376,101377,101389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101378,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101380,340],{"class":58},[44,101382,3108],{"class":95},[44,101384,83],{"class":58},[44,101386,1012],{"class":95},[44,101388,99],{"class":58},[44,101390,101391,101393,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101392,340],{"class":58},[44,101394,3108],{"class":95},[44,101396,83],{"class":58},[44,101398,1012],{"class":95},[44,101400,83],{"class":58},[44,101402,1017],{"class":95},[44,101404,83],{"class":58},[44,101406,2574],{"class":95},[44,101408,99],{"class":58},[1960,101410,101412],{"id":101411},"difference_update",[15,101413,101263],{},[192,101415,101416,101419],{},[195,101417,101418],{},"Changes the original set",[195,101420,96256],{},[35,101422,101424],{"className":37,"code":101423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101425,101426,101450,101466,101470,101484,101488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101427,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444,101446,101448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101429,2673],{"class":50},[44,101431,55],{"class":54},[44,101433,59],{"class":58},[44,101435,3108],{"class":95},[44,101437,83],{"class":58},[44,101439,1012],{"class":95},[44,101441,83],{"class":58},[44,101443,1017],{"class":95},[44,101445,83],{"class":58},[44,101447,2574],{"class":95},[44,101449,99],{"class":58},[44,101451,101452,101454,101456,101458,101460,101462,101464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101453,2701],{"class":50},[44,101455,55],{"class":54},[44,101457,59],{"class":58},[44,101459,2179],{"class":95},[44,101461,83],{"class":58},[44,101463,2574],{"class":95},[44,101465,99],{"class":58},[44,101467,101468],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101469,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101471,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101473,395],{"class":50},[44,101475,108],{"class":58},[44,101477,101411],{"class":111},[44,101479,157],{"class":58},[44,101481,1005],{"class":111},[44,101483,162],{"class":58},[44,101485,101486],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101487,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101489,101490,101492,101494,101496],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,101491,154],{"class":153},[44,101493,157],{"class":58},[44,101495,395],{"class":111},[44,101497,162],{"class":58},[20,101499,330],{},[35,101501,101502],{"className":37,"code":100445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101503,101504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101505,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101507,340],{"class":58},[44,101509,3108],{"class":95},[44,101511,83],{"class":58},[44,101513,1012],{"class":95},[44,101515,99],{"class":58},[20,101517,172,101518,101520],{},[15,101519,100352],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101522,101523,101524,33520],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101525,101263],{},[44845,101527],{},[30,101529,101531,101533,101534,101536],{"id":101530},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101532,100352],{}," vs the ",[15,101535,2138],{}," operator",[20,101538,22,101539,101541,101542,101544],{},[15,101540,2138],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101543,100352],{}," for two sets.",[35,101546,101548],{"className":37,"code":101547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101549,101550,101574,101590,101594,101612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101551,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101553,2673],{"class":50},[44,101555,55],{"class":54},[44,101557,59],{"class":58},[44,101559,3108],{"class":95},[44,101561,83],{"class":58},[44,101563,1012],{"class":95},[44,101565,83],{"class":58},[44,101567,1017],{"class":95},[44,101569,83],{"class":58},[44,101571,2574],{"class":95},[44,101573,99],{"class":58},[44,101575,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101577,2701],{"class":50},[44,101579,55],{"class":54},[44,101581,59],{"class":58},[44,101583,2179],{"class":95},[44,101585,83],{"class":58},[44,101587,2574],{"class":95},[44,101589,99],{"class":58},[44,101591,101592],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101593,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101597,154],{"class":153},[44,101599,157],{"class":58},[44,101601,395],{"class":111},[44,101603,108],{"class":58},[44,101605,2931],{"class":111},[44,101607,157],{"class":58},[44,101609,1005],{"class":111},[44,101611,1869],{"class":58},[44,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101615,154],{"class":153},[44,101617,157],{"class":58},[44,101619,2673],{"class":111},[44,101621,2138],{"class":54},[44,101623,2678],{"class":111},[44,101625,162],{"class":58},[20,101627,330],{},[35,101629,101631],{"className":37,"code":101630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101632,101633,101645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101634,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101636,340],{"class":58},[44,101638,3108],{"class":95},[44,101640,83],{"class":58},[44,101642,1012],{"class":95},[44,101644,99],{"class":58},[44,101646,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101648,340],{"class":58},[44,101650,3108],{"class":95},[44,101652,83],{"class":58},[44,101654,1012],{"class":95},[44,101656,99],{"class":58},[20,101658,101659],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101661,94526,101662,2610],{},[15,101663,100352],{},[192,101665,101666,101669,101672],{},[195,101667,101668],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[195,101670,101671],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[195,101673,101674],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101676,101677],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101679,101681],{"className":37,"code":101680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101682,101683,101711,101723,101735,101739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101684,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101686,2673],{"class":50},[44,101688,55],{"class":54},[44,101690,59],{"class":58},[44,101692,3108],{"class":95},[44,101694,83],{"class":58},[44,101696,1012],{"class":95},[44,101698,83],{"class":58},[44,101700,1017],{"class":95},[44,101702,83],{"class":58},[44,101704,2574],{"class":95},[44,101706,83],{"class":58},[44,101708,4736],{"class":95},[44,101710,99],{"class":58},[44,101712,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101714,2701],{"class":50},[44,101716,55],{"class":54},[44,101718,59],{"class":58},[44,101720,2173],{"class":95},[44,101722,99],{"class":58},[44,101724,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101726,83121],{"class":50},[44,101728,55],{"class":54},[44,101730,59],{"class":58},[44,101732,2623],{"class":95},[44,101734,99],{"class":58},[44,101736,101737],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101738,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101740,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101742,154],{"class":153},[44,101744,157],{"class":58},[44,101746,395],{"class":111},[44,101748,108],{"class":58},[44,101750,2931],{"class":111},[44,101752,157],{"class":58},[44,101754,1005],{"class":111},[44,101756,83],{"class":58},[44,101758,9797],{"class":111},[44,101760,1869],{"class":58},[20,101762,330],{},[35,101764,101766],{"className":37,"code":101765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101767,101768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101769,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101771,340],{"class":58},[44,101773,3108],{"class":95},[44,101775,83],{"class":58},[44,101777,1017],{"class":95},[44,101779,83],{"class":58},[44,101781,4736],{"class":95},[44,101783,99],{"class":58},[20,101785,101786,101787,101789],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101788,2138],{}," operator expression.",[44845,101791],{},[30,101793,4649],{"id":4648},[20,101795,21283,101796,108],{},[15,101797,100352],{},[1960,101799,101801],{"id":101800},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101803,4759,101804,101806,101807,72],{},[3868,101805,4762],{}," change ",[15,101808,395],{},[35,101810,101812],{"className":37,"code":101811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101813,101814,101834,101846,101850,101864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101815,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101817,2673],{"class":50},[44,101819,55],{"class":54},[44,101821,59],{"class":58},[44,101823,3108],{"class":95},[44,101825,83],{"class":58},[44,101827,1012],{"class":95},[44,101829,83],{"class":58},[44,101831,1017],{"class":95},[44,101833,99],{"class":58},[44,101835,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101837,2701],{"class":50},[44,101839,55],{"class":54},[44,101841,59],{"class":58},[44,101843,2179],{"class":95},[44,101845,99],{"class":58},[44,101847,101848],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101849,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101851,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101853,395],{"class":50},[44,101855,108],{"class":58},[44,101857,2931],{"class":111},[44,101859,157],{"class":58},[44,101861,1005],{"class":111},[44,101863,162],{"class":58},[44,101865,101866,101868,101870,101872],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101867,154],{"class":153},[44,101869,157],{"class":58},[44,101871,395],{"class":111},[44,101873,162],{"class":58},[20,101875,330],{},[35,101877,101878],{"className":37,"code":96545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101879,101880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101881,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101883,340],{"class":58},[44,101885,3108],{"class":95},[44,101887,83],{"class":58},[44,101889,1012],{"class":95},[44,101891,83],{"class":58},[44,101893,1017],{"class":95},[44,101895,99],{"class":58},[20,101897,101898],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101900,101902],{"className":37,"code":101901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101903,101904,101924,101936,101940,101958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101905,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101907,2673],{"class":50},[44,101909,55],{"class":54},[44,101911,59],{"class":58},[44,101913,3108],{"class":95},[44,101915,83],{"class":58},[44,101917,1012],{"class":95},[44,101919,83],{"class":58},[44,101921,1017],{"class":95},[44,101923,99],{"class":58},[44,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,101927,2701],{"class":50},[44,101929,55],{"class":54},[44,101931,59],{"class":58},[44,101933,2179],{"class":95},[44,101935,99],{"class":58},[44,101937,101938],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,101939,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954,101956],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,101943,2673],{"class":50},[44,101945,55],{"class":54},[44,101947,56820],{"class":50},[44,101949,108],{"class":58},[44,101951,2931],{"class":111},[44,101953,157],{"class":58},[44,101955,1005],{"class":111},[44,101957,162],{"class":58},[44,101959,101960,101962,101964,101966],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,101961,154],{"class":153},[44,101963,157],{"class":58},[44,101965,395],{"class":111},[44,101967,162],{"class":58},[20,101969,330],{},[35,101971,101972],{"className":37,"code":100445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101973,101974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101975,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101977,340],{"class":58},[44,101979,3108],{"class":95},[44,101981,83],{"class":58},[44,101983,1012],{"class":95},[44,101985,99],{"class":58},[1960,101987,101989],{"id":101988},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101991,101992,101995],{},[15,101993,101994],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[192,101997,101998,102003],{},[195,101999,102000,102001],{},"keep items from ",[15,102002,395],{},[195,102004,102005,102006],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102007,1005],{},[20,102009,40832,102010,102012,102013,102015],{},[3868,102011,4762],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102014,1005],{},"”.",[20,102017,223],{},[35,102019,102021],{"className":37,"code":102020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102022,102023,102043,102063,102067,102085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102024,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039,102041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102026,2673],{"class":50},[44,102028,55],{"class":54},[44,102030,59],{"class":58},[44,102032,3108],{"class":95},[44,102034,83],{"class":58},[44,102036,1012],{"class":95},[44,102038,83],{"class":58},[44,102040,1017],{"class":95},[44,102042,99],{"class":58},[44,102044,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102046,2701],{"class":50},[44,102048,55],{"class":54},[44,102050,59],{"class":58},[44,102052,2179],{"class":95},[44,102054,83],{"class":58},[44,102056,2574],{"class":95},[44,102058,83],{"class":58},[44,102060,4736],{"class":95},[44,102062,99],{"class":58},[44,102064,102065],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102066,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102068,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102070,154],{"class":153},[44,102072,157],{"class":58},[44,102074,395],{"class":111},[44,102076,108],{"class":58},[44,102078,2931],{"class":111},[44,102080,157],{"class":58},[44,102082,1005],{"class":111},[44,102084,1869],{"class":58},[44,102086,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,102088,154],{"class":153},[44,102090,157],{"class":58},[44,102092,1005],{"class":111},[44,102094,108],{"class":58},[44,102096,2931],{"class":111},[44,102098,157],{"class":58},[44,102100,395],{"class":111},[44,102102,1869],{"class":58},[20,102104,330],{},[35,102106,102108],{"className":37,"code":102107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102109,102110,102122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102111,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102113,340],{"class":58},[44,102115,3108],{"class":95},[44,102117,83],{"class":58},[44,102119,1012],{"class":95},[44,102121,99],{"class":58},[44,102123,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102125,340],{"class":58},[44,102127,2623],{"class":95},[44,102129,83],{"class":58},[44,102131,4736],{"class":95},[44,102133,99],{"class":58},[20,102135,102136],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1960,102138,102140],{"id":102139},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102142,102143,102145],{},[15,102144,100352],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102147,55251],{},[35,102149,102151],{"className":37,"code":102150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102152,102153,102173,102189,102193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102154,102155,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102156,2673],{"class":50},[44,102158,55],{"class":54},[44,102160,3746],{"class":58},[44,102162,3108],{"class":95},[44,102164,83],{"class":58},[44,102166,1012],{"class":95},[44,102168,83],{"class":58},[44,102170,1017],{"class":95},[44,102172,3759],{"class":58},[44,102174,102175,102177,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102176,2701],{"class":50},[44,102178,55],{"class":54},[44,102180,3746],{"class":58},[44,102182,2179],{"class":95},[44,102184,83],{"class":58},[44,102186,2574],{"class":95},[44,102188,3759],{"class":58},[44,102190,102191],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102192,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102194,102195],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102196,102197],{"class":168},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102199,102200],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,102202,102204],{"className":37,"code":102203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102205,102206,102226,102242,102246,102272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102207,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102209,2673],{"class":50},[44,102211,55],{"class":54},[44,102213,3746],{"class":58},[44,102215,3108],{"class":95},[44,102217,83],{"class":58},[44,102219,1012],{"class":95},[44,102221,83],{"class":58},[44,102223,1017],{"class":95},[44,102225,3759],{"class":58},[44,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102229,2701],{"class":50},[44,102231,55],{"class":54},[44,102233,3746],{"class":58},[44,102235,2179],{"class":95},[44,102237,83],{"class":58},[44,102239,2574],{"class":95},[44,102241,3759],{"class":58},[44,102243,102244],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102245,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102247,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102249,1340],{"class":50},[44,102251,55],{"class":54},[44,102253,15718],{"class":1861},[44,102255,157],{"class":58},[44,102257,395],{"class":111},[44,102259,8762],{"class":58},[44,102261,2931],{"class":111},[44,102263,157],{"class":58},[44,102265,6416],{"class":1861},[44,102267,157],{"class":58},[44,102269,1005],{"class":111},[44,102271,1869],{"class":58},[44,102273,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,102275,154],{"class":153},[44,102277,157],{"class":58},[44,102279,1376],{"class":111},[44,102281,162],{"class":58},[20,102283,330],{},[35,102285,102286],{"className":37,"code":100445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102287,102288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102289,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102291,340],{"class":58},[44,102293,3108],{"class":95},[44,102295,83],{"class":58},[44,102297,1012],{"class":95},[44,102299,99],{"class":58},[1960,102301,102303],{"id":102302},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102305,102306],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,102308,102310],{"className":37,"code":102309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102311,102312,102344,102360,102364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102313,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102315,2673],{"class":50},[44,102317,55],{"class":54},[44,102319,59],{"class":58},[44,102321,63],{"class":62},[44,102323,36971],{"class":66},[44,102325,63],{"class":62},[44,102327,83],{"class":58},[44,102329,75],{"class":62},[44,102331,58060],{"class":66},[44,102333,63],{"class":62},[44,102335,83],{"class":58},[44,102337,75],{"class":62},[44,102339,58077],{"class":66},[44,102341,63],{"class":62},[44,102343,99],{"class":58},[44,102345,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102347,2701],{"class":50},[44,102349,55],{"class":54},[44,102351,59],{"class":58},[44,102353,63],{"class":62},[44,102355,58060],{"class":66},[44,102357,63],{"class":62},[44,102359,99],{"class":58},[44,102361,102362],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102363,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102365,102366,102368,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102367,154],{"class":153},[44,102369,157],{"class":58},[44,102371,395],{"class":111},[44,102373,108],{"class":58},[44,102375,2931],{"class":111},[44,102377,157],{"class":58},[44,102379,1005],{"class":111},[44,102381,1869],{"class":58},[20,102383,102384],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1960,102386,102388],{"id":102387},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102390,102391],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102393,102395],{"className":37,"code":102394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102396,102397,102425,102437,102441,102451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102398,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407,102409,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102400,2673],{"class":50},[44,102402,55],{"class":54},[44,102404,59],{"class":58},[44,102406,3108],{"class":95},[44,102408,83],{"class":58},[44,102410,504],{"class":95},[44,102412,83],{"class":58},[44,102414,1012],{"class":95},[44,102416,83],{"class":58},[44,102418,1012],{"class":95},[44,102420,83],{"class":58},[44,102422,1017],{"class":95},[44,102424,99],{"class":58},[44,102426,102427,102429,102431,102433,102435],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102428,2701],{"class":50},[44,102430,55],{"class":54},[44,102432,59],{"class":58},[44,102434,2179],{"class":95},[44,102436,99],{"class":58},[44,102438,102439],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102440,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102442,102443,102445,102447,102449],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102444,154],{"class":153},[44,102446,157],{"class":58},[44,102448,395],{"class":111},[44,102450,162],{"class":58},[44,102452,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,102454,154],{"class":153},[44,102456,157],{"class":58},[44,102458,395],{"class":111},[44,102460,108],{"class":58},[44,102462,2931],{"class":111},[44,102464,157],{"class":58},[44,102466,1005],{"class":111},[44,102468,1869],{"class":58},[20,102470,330],{},[35,102472,102474],{"className":37,"code":102473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102475,102476,102492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102477,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102479,340],{"class":58},[44,102481,3108],{"class":95},[44,102483,83],{"class":58},[44,102485,1012],{"class":95},[44,102487,83],{"class":58},[44,102489,1017],{"class":95},[44,102491,99],{"class":58},[44,102493,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102495,340],{"class":58},[44,102497,3108],{"class":95},[44,102499,83],{"class":58},[44,102501,1012],{"class":95},[44,102503,99],{"class":58},[20,102505,102506,102507,102509],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102508,100352],{}," runs.",[1960,102511,102513],{"id":102512},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102515,102516],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102518,102520],{"className":37,"code":102519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102521,102522,102546,102566,102570,102580,102590,102608,102630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102523,102524,102526,102528,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102525,2673],{"class":50},[44,102527,55],{"class":54},[44,102529,59],{"class":58},[44,102531,3108],{"class":95},[44,102533,83],{"class":58},[44,102535,1012],{"class":95},[44,102537,83],{"class":58},[44,102539,1017],{"class":95},[44,102541,83],{"class":58},[44,102543,2574],{"class":95},[44,102545,99],{"class":58},[44,102547,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102549,2701],{"class":50},[44,102551,55],{"class":54},[44,102553,59],{"class":58},[44,102555,2179],{"class":95},[44,102557,83],{"class":58},[44,102559,2574],{"class":95},[44,102561,83],{"class":58},[44,102563,4736],{"class":95},[44,102565,99],{"class":58},[44,102567,102568],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102569,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102573,154],{"class":153},[44,102575,157],{"class":58},[44,102577,395],{"class":111},[44,102579,162],{"class":58},[44,102581,102582,102584,102586,102588],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,102583,154],{"class":153},[44,102585,157],{"class":58},[44,102587,1005],{"class":111},[44,102589,162],{"class":58},[44,102591,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,102593,154],{"class":153},[44,102595,157],{"class":58},[44,102597,395],{"class":111},[44,102599,108],{"class":58},[44,102601,2931],{"class":111},[44,102603,157],{"class":58},[44,102605,1005],{"class":111},[44,102607,1869],{"class":58},[44,102609,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,102611,154],{"class":153},[44,102613,157],{"class":58},[44,102615,1862],{"class":1861},[44,102617,157],{"class":58},[44,102619,395],{"class":111},[44,102621,108],{"class":58},[44,102623,2931],{"class":111},[44,102625,157],{"class":58},[44,102627,1005],{"class":111},[44,102629,3031],{"class":58},[44,102631,102632,102634,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,102633,154],{"class":153},[44,102635,157],{"class":58},[44,102637,11271],{"class":153},[44,102639,157],{"class":58},[44,102641,395],{"class":111},[44,102643,108],{"class":58},[44,102645,2931],{"class":111},[44,102647,157],{"class":58},[44,102649,1005],{"class":111},[44,102651,3031],{"class":58},[20,102653,11280],{},[192,102655,102656,102659,102662,102665],{},[195,102657,102658],{},"what is in each set",[195,102660,102661],{},"what result Python creates",[195,102663,102664],{},"that the result is a set",[195,102666,102667],{},"how many items remain",[44845,102669],{},[30,102671,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,102673,1963,102675,102677],{"id":102674},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102676,100352],{}," change the original set?",[20,102679,102680],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1960,102682,2007,102684,4523,102686,2610],{"id":102683},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102685,100352],{},[15,102687,101263],{},[20,102689,102690,102692,102693,102695],{},[15,102691,100352],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102694,101263],{}," modifies the original set.",[1960,102697,1994,102699,102701],{"id":102698},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102700,100352],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102703,102704],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1960,102706,102708],{"id":102707},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102710,102711],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44845,102713],{},[30,102715,2020],{"id":2019},[192,102717,102718,102722,102730],{},[195,102719,102720],{},[395,102721,96266],{"href":97437},[195,102723,102724],{},[395,102725,96752,102727,10852],{"href":102726},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102728,102729],{},"intersection()",[195,102731,102732],{},[395,102733,96752,102735,10852],{"href":102734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102736,102737],{},"union()",[2048,102739,102740],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":102742},[102743,102744,102746,102747,102748,102749,102751,102756,102758,102766,102775],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":100474,"depth":102,"text":102745},"What difference() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":101093,"depth":102,"text":102750},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101258,"depth":102,"text":102752,"children":102753},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102754,102755],{"id":2931,"depth":150,"text":100352},{"id":101411,"depth":150,"text":101263},{"id":101530,"depth":102,"text":102757},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":102759},[102760,102761,102762,102763,102764,102765],{"id":101800,"depth":150,"text":101801},{"id":101988,"depth":150,"text":101989},{"id":102139,"depth":150,"text":102140},{"id":102302,"depth":150,"text":102303},{"id":102387,"depth":150,"text":102388},{"id":102512,"depth":150,"text":102513},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":102767},[102768,102770,102772,102774],{"id":102674,"depth":150,"text":102769},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102683,"depth":150,"text":102771},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102698,"depth":150,"text":102773},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102707,"depth":150,"text":102708},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100344,"description":102776},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102783,"title":102784,"body":102785,"description":104480,"extension":2080,"meta":104481,"navigation":682,"path":104482,"seo":104483,"stem":104484,"__hash__":104485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102786,"toc":104442},[102787,102793,102799,102812,102814,102915,102917,102962,102967,102972,102976,102990,102993,103001,103003,103022,103040,103044,103097,103099,103120,103127,103132,103159,103166,103265,103267,103304,103312,103316,103322,103325,103398,103400,103408,103413,103482,103484,103509,103511,103514,103617,103619,103680,103683,103687,103693,103766,103768,103801,103804,103807,103847,103853,103876,103881,103885,103896,103899,103901,103905,103911,103913,103970,103980,103982,104035,104042,104047,104115,104123,104129,104133,104135,104174,104179,104228,104232,104235,104237,104276,104279,104281,104286,104343,104345,104359,104361,104365,104371,104376,104381,104388,104399,104405,104410,104412,104439],[10,102788,96138,102790,18],{"id":102789},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102791,102792],{},"discard()",[20,102794,102795,102798],{},[15,102796,102797],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102800,102801,102802,2307,102807,14140,102809,102811],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[395,102803,102804],{"href":98147},[15,102805,102806],{},"set.remove()",[15,102808,102792],{},[3868,102810,4762],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102813,33],{"id":32},[35,102815,102817],{"className":37,"code":102816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102818,102819,102851,102870,102880,102884,102905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102820,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847,102849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102822,13172],{"class":50},[44,102824,55],{"class":54},[44,102826,59],{"class":58},[44,102828,63],{"class":62},[44,102830,13189],{"class":66},[44,102832,63],{"class":62},[44,102834,83],{"class":58},[44,102836,75],{"class":62},[44,102838,13206],{"class":66},[44,102840,63],{"class":62},[44,102842,83],{"class":58},[44,102844,75],{"class":62},[44,102846,17534],{"class":66},[44,102848,63],{"class":62},[44,102850,99],{"class":58},[44,102852,102853,102855,102857,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102854,17581],{"class":50},[44,102856,108],{"class":58},[44,102858,102859],{"class":111},"discard",[44,102861,157],{"class":58},[44,102863,63],{"class":62},[44,102865,13206],{"class":66},[44,102867,63],{"class":62},[44,102869,162],{"class":58},[44,102871,102872,102874,102876,102878],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,102873,154],{"class":153},[44,102875,157],{"class":58},[44,102877,17581],{"class":111},[44,102879,162],{"class":58},[44,102881,102882],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,102883,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,102885,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,102887,17581],{"class":50},[44,102889,108],{"class":58},[44,102891,102859],{"class":111},[44,102893,157],{"class":58},[44,102895,63],{"class":62},[44,102897,22594],{"class":66},[44,102899,63],{"class":62},[44,102901,3786],{"class":58},[44,102903,102904],{"class":168},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102906,102907,102909,102911,102913],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,102908,154],{"class":153},[44,102910,157],{"class":58},[44,102912,17581],{"class":111},[44,102914,162],{"class":58},[20,102916,30096],{},[35,102918,102920],{"className":37,"code":102919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102921,102922,102942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102923,102924,102926,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102925,340],{"class":58},[44,102927,343],{"class":62},[44,102929,13189],{"class":66},[44,102931,343],{"class":62},[44,102933,83],{"class":58},[44,102935,352],{"class":62},[44,102937,17534],{"class":66},[44,102939,343],{"class":62},[44,102941,99],{"class":58},[44,102943,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,102945,340],{"class":58},[44,102947,343],{"class":62},[44,102949,13189],{"class":66},[44,102951,343],{"class":62},[44,102953,83],{"class":58},[44,102955,352],{"class":62},[44,102957,17534],{"class":66},[44,102959,343],{"class":62},[44,102961,99],{"class":58},[20,102963,172,102964,102966],{},[15,102965,102792],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,102968,179,102970,182],{"id":102969},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102971,102797],{},[20,102973,102974,72],{},[15,102975,102792],{},[192,102977,102978,102981,102984,102986],{},[195,102979,102980],{},"Removes one item from a set",[195,102982,102983],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[195,102985,96253],{},[195,102987,11530,102988],{},[15,102989,217],{},[20,102991,102992],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102994,96262,102995,2997,102998,108],{},[395,102996,102997],{"href":98729},"what a set is in Python",[395,102999,103000],{"href":97821},"how to create a set",[30,103002,402],{"id":401},[35,103004,103006],{"className":37,"code":103005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103007,103008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103009,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103011,15751],{"class":50},[44,103013,108],{"class":58},[44,103015,102859],{"class":111},[44,103017,157],{"class":58},[44,103019,2590],{"class":111},[44,103021,162],{"class":58},[192,103023,103024,103029,103034,103037],{},[195,103025,103026,103028],{},[15,103027,15751],{}," is the set you want to change",[195,103030,103031,103033],{},[15,103032,2590],{}," is the item you want to remove",[195,103035,103036],{},"The set must already exist",[195,103038,103039],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1960,103041,103043],{"id":103042},"example","Example",[35,103045,103047],{"className":37,"code":103046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103048,103049,103073,103087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103050,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103052,3741],{"class":50},[44,103054,55],{"class":54},[44,103056,59],{"class":58},[44,103058,3108],{"class":95},[44,103060,83],{"class":58},[44,103062,1012],{"class":95},[44,103064,83],{"class":58},[44,103066,1017],{"class":95},[44,103068,83],{"class":58},[44,103070,2574],{"class":95},[44,103072,99],{"class":58},[44,103074,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103076,3773],{"class":50},[44,103078,108],{"class":58},[44,103080,102859],{"class":111},[44,103082,157],{"class":58},[44,103084,2179],{"class":95},[44,103086,162],{"class":58},[44,103088,103089,103091,103093,103095],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103090,154],{"class":153},[44,103092,157],{"class":58},[44,103094,3773],{"class":111},[44,103096,162],{"class":58},[20,103098,330],{},[35,103100,103102],{"className":37,"code":103101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103103,103104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103107,340],{"class":58},[44,103109,3108],{"class":95},[44,103111,83],{"class":58},[44,103113,1012],{"class":95},[44,103115,83],{"class":58},[44,103117,2574],{"class":95},[44,103119,99],{"class":58},[30,103121,103123,103124,103126],{"id":103122},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103125,102792],{}," different",[20,103128,103129,103131],{},[15,103130,102792],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[192,103133,103134,103147,103156],{},[195,103135,103136,103137,2307,103141,103143,103144,103146],{},"Unlike ",[395,103138,103139],{"href":98147},[15,103140,55461],{},[15,103142,102792],{}," does not raise ",[15,103145,19764],{}," when the item is missing",[195,103148,103136,103149,2307,103153,103155],{},[395,103150,103151],{"href":98152},[15,103152,12861],{},[15,103154,102792],{}," removes a specific item",[195,103157,103158],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1960,103160,103162,10698,103164],{"id":103161},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103163,102792],{},[15,103165,55461],{},[35,103167,103169],{"className":37,"code":103168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103170,103171,103195,103199,103220,103230,103234,103255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103172,103173,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103174,7910],{"class":50},[44,103176,55],{"class":54},[44,103178,59],{"class":58},[44,103180,63],{"class":62},[44,103182,4207],{"class":66},[44,103184,63],{"class":62},[44,103186,83],{"class":58},[44,103188,75],{"class":62},[44,103190,4216],{"class":66},[44,103192,63],{"class":62},[44,103194,99],{"class":58},[44,103196,103197],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103198,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103200,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211,103213,103215,103217],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103202,7940],{"class":50},[44,103204,108],{"class":58},[44,103206,102859],{"class":111},[44,103208,157],{"class":58},[44,103210,63],{"class":62},[44,103212,33140],{"class":66},[44,103214,63],{"class":62},[44,103216,3786],{"class":58},[44,103218,103219],{"class":168},"   # no error\n",[44,103221,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,103223,154],{"class":153},[44,103225,157],{"class":58},[44,103227,7940],{"class":111},[44,103229,162],{"class":58},[44,103231,103232],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,103233,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103235,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,103237,7940],{"class":50},[44,103239,108],{"class":58},[44,103241,34715],{"class":111},[44,103243,157],{"class":58},[44,103245,63],{"class":62},[44,103247,4216],{"class":66},[44,103249,63],{"class":62},[44,103251,3786],{"class":58},[44,103253,103254],{"class":168},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,103256,103257,103259,103261,103263],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,103258,154],{"class":153},[44,103260,157],{"class":58},[44,103262,7940],{"class":111},[44,103264,162],{"class":58},[20,103266,330],{},[35,103268,103270],{"className":37,"code":103269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103271,103272,103292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103273,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103275,340],{"class":58},[44,103277,343],{"class":62},[44,103279,4207],{"class":66},[44,103281,343],{"class":62},[44,103283,83],{"class":58},[44,103285,352],{"class":62},[44,103287,4216],{"class":66},[44,103289,343],{"class":62},[44,103291,99],{"class":58},[44,103293,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103295,340],{"class":58},[44,103297,343],{"class":62},[44,103299,4207],{"class":66},[44,103301,343],{"class":62},[44,103303,99],{"class":58},[20,103305,40269,103306,103308,103309,103311],{},[15,103307,55461],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[395,103310,11185],{"href":1953}," for more help with that case.",[30,103313,103315],{"id":103314},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103317,103318,1298,103320,108],{},[15,103319,102792],{},[15,103321,217],{},[20,103323,103324],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103326,103328],{"className":37,"code":103327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103329,103330,103362,103384,103388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103331,103332,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103333,13172],{"class":50},[44,103335,55],{"class":54},[44,103337,59],{"class":58},[44,103339,63],{"class":62},[44,103341,13189],{"class":66},[44,103343,63],{"class":62},[44,103345,83],{"class":58},[44,103347,75],{"class":62},[44,103349,13206],{"class":66},[44,103351,63],{"class":62},[44,103353,83],{"class":58},[44,103355,75],{"class":62},[44,103357,17534],{"class":66},[44,103359,63],{"class":62},[44,103361,99],{"class":58},[44,103363,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103365,1340],{"class":50},[44,103367,55],{"class":54},[44,103369,13220],{"class":50},[44,103371,108],{"class":58},[44,103373,102859],{"class":111},[44,103375,157],{"class":58},[44,103377,63],{"class":62},[44,103379,13206],{"class":66},[44,103381,63],{"class":62},[44,103383,162],{"class":58},[44,103385,103386],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103387,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103389,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,103391,154],{"class":153},[44,103393,157],{"class":58},[44,103395,1376],{"class":111},[44,103397,162],{"class":58},[20,103399,330],{},[35,103401,103402],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103403,103404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103405,103406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103407,1401],{"class":1400},[20,103409,103410,103411,72],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103412,17581],{},[35,103414,103416],{"className":37,"code":103415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103417,103418,103450,103468,103472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103419,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103421,13172],{"class":50},[44,103423,55],{"class":54},[44,103425,59],{"class":58},[44,103427,63],{"class":62},[44,103429,13189],{"class":66},[44,103431,63],{"class":62},[44,103433,83],{"class":58},[44,103435,75],{"class":62},[44,103437,13206],{"class":66},[44,103439,63],{"class":62},[44,103441,83],{"class":58},[44,103443,75],{"class":62},[44,103445,17534],{"class":66},[44,103447,63],{"class":62},[44,103449,99],{"class":58},[44,103451,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103453,17581],{"class":50},[44,103455,108],{"class":58},[44,103457,102859],{"class":111},[44,103459,157],{"class":58},[44,103461,63],{"class":62},[44,103463,13206],{"class":66},[44,103465,63],{"class":62},[44,103467,162],{"class":58},[44,103469,103470],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103471,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103473,103474,103476,103478,103480],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,103475,154],{"class":153},[44,103477,157],{"class":58},[44,103479,17581],{"class":111},[44,103481,162],{"class":58},[20,103483,330],{},[35,103485,103487],{"className":37,"code":103486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103488,103489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103490,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103492,340],{"class":58},[44,103494,343],{"class":62},[44,103496,13189],{"class":66},[44,103498,343],{"class":62},[44,103500,83],{"class":58},[44,103502,352],{"class":62},[44,103504,17534],{"class":66},[44,103506,343],{"class":62},[44,103508,99],{"class":58},[30,103510,11581],{"id":11580},[20,103512,103513],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103515,103517],{"className":37,"code":103516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103518,103519,103551,103555,103573,103577,103595,103599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103520,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103522,36162],{"class":50},[44,103524,55],{"class":54},[44,103526,59],{"class":58},[44,103528,63],{"class":62},[44,103530,4207],{"class":66},[44,103532,63],{"class":62},[44,103534,83],{"class":58},[44,103536,75],{"class":62},[44,103538,4216],{"class":66},[44,103540,63],{"class":62},[44,103542,83],{"class":58},[44,103544,75],{"class":62},[44,103546,33140],{"class":66},[44,103548,63],{"class":62},[44,103550,99],{"class":58},[44,103552,103553],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103554,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103556,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103558,154],{"class":153},[44,103560,157],{"class":58},[44,103562,63],{"class":62},[44,103564,11669],{"class":66},[44,103566,63],{"class":62},[44,103568,83],{"class":58},[44,103570,52783],{"class":111},[44,103572,162],{"class":58},[44,103574,103575],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,103576,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103578,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,103580,36214],{"class":50},[44,103582,108],{"class":58},[44,103584,102859],{"class":111},[44,103586,157],{"class":58},[44,103588,63],{"class":62},[44,103590,4216],{"class":66},[44,103592,63],{"class":62},[44,103594,162],{"class":58},[44,103596,103597],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,103598,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103600,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,103602,154],{"class":153},[44,103604,157],{"class":58},[44,103606,63],{"class":62},[44,103608,11708],{"class":66},[44,103610,63],{"class":62},[44,103612,83],{"class":58},[44,103614,52783],{"class":111},[44,103616,162],{"class":58},[20,103618,330],{},[35,103620,103622],{"className":37,"code":103621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103623,103624,103656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103625,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103627,11728],{"class":50},[44,103629,72],{"class":58},[44,103631,59],{"class":58},[44,103633,343],{"class":62},[44,103635,4216],{"class":66},[44,103637,343],{"class":62},[44,103639,83],{"class":58},[44,103641,352],{"class":62},[44,103643,4207],{"class":66},[44,103645,343],{"class":62},[44,103647,83],{"class":58},[44,103649,352],{"class":62},[44,103651,33140],{"class":66},[44,103653,343],{"class":62},[44,103655,99],{"class":58},[44,103657,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103659,11781],{"class":50},[44,103661,72],{"class":58},[44,103663,59],{"class":58},[44,103665,343],{"class":62},[44,103667,4207],{"class":66},[44,103669,343],{"class":62},[44,103671,83],{"class":58},[44,103673,352],{"class":62},[44,103675,33140],{"class":66},[44,103677,343],{"class":62},[44,103679,99],{"class":58},[20,103681,103682],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103684,103686],{"id":103685},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103688,103689,103690,103692],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103691,102792],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103694,103696],{"className":37,"code":103695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103697,103698,103730,103734,103752,103756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103699,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103701,36162],{"class":50},[44,103703,55],{"class":54},[44,103705,59],{"class":58},[44,103707,63],{"class":62},[44,103709,4207],{"class":66},[44,103711,63],{"class":62},[44,103713,83],{"class":58},[44,103715,75],{"class":62},[44,103717,4216],{"class":66},[44,103719,63],{"class":62},[44,103721,83],{"class":58},[44,103723,75],{"class":62},[44,103725,33140],{"class":66},[44,103727,63],{"class":62},[44,103729,99],{"class":58},[44,103731,103732],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103733,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103735,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103737,36214],{"class":50},[44,103739,108],{"class":58},[44,103741,102859],{"class":111},[44,103743,157],{"class":58},[44,103745,63],{"class":62},[44,103747,22603],{"class":66},[44,103749,63],{"class":62},[44,103751,162],{"class":58},[44,103753,103754],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,103755,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103757,103758,103760,103762,103764],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,103759,154],{"class":153},[44,103761,157],{"class":58},[44,103763,36214],{"class":111},[44,103765,162],{"class":58},[20,103767,330],{},[35,103769,103771],{"className":37,"code":103770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103772,103773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103774,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787,103789,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103776,340],{"class":58},[44,103778,343],{"class":62},[44,103780,4216],{"class":66},[44,103782,343],{"class":62},[44,103784,83],{"class":58},[44,103786,352],{"class":62},[44,103788,4207],{"class":66},[44,103790,343],{"class":62},[44,103792,83],{"class":58},[44,103794,352],{"class":62},[44,103796,33140],{"class":66},[44,103798,343],{"class":62},[44,103800,99],{"class":58},[20,103802,103803],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103805,103806],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103808,103810],{"className":37,"code":103809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103811,103812,103828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103815,7128],{"class":4002},[44,103817,75],{"class":62},[44,103819,22603],{"class":66},[44,103821,63],{"class":62},[44,103823,21245],{"class":54},[44,103825,52783],{"class":50},[44,103827,6523],{"class":58},[44,103829,103830,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103831,103832],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103834,108],{"class":58},[44,103836,34715],{"class":111},[44,103838,157],{"class":58},[44,103840,63],{"class":62},[44,103842,22603],{"class":66},[44,103844,63],{"class":62},[44,103846,162],{"class":58},[20,103848,103849,103850,103852],{},"With ",[15,103851,102792],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103854,103856],{"className":37,"code":103855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103857,103858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103859,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103861,36214],{"class":50},[44,103863,108],{"class":58},[44,103865,102859],{"class":111},[44,103867,157],{"class":58},[44,103869,63],{"class":62},[44,103871,22603],{"class":66},[44,103873,63],{"class":62},[44,103875,162],{"class":58},[30,103877,1551,103879],{"id":103878},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103880,102792],{},[20,103882,172,103883,1558],{},[15,103884,102792],{},[192,103886,103887,103890,103893],{},[195,103888,103889],{},"Missing values are normal",[195,103891,103892],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[195,103894,103895],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103897,103898],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,103900,1803],{"id":1802},[20,103902,8578,103903,108],{},[15,103904,102792],{},[1960,103906,1821,103908,103910],{"id":103907},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103909,102792],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103912,4656],{},[35,103914,103916],{"className":37,"code":103915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103917,103918,103938,103956,103960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934,103936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103921,3741],{"class":50},[44,103923,55],{"class":54},[44,103925,59],{"class":58},[44,103927,3108],{"class":95},[44,103929,83],{"class":58},[44,103931,1012],{"class":95},[44,103933,83],{"class":58},[44,103935,1017],{"class":95},[44,103937,99],{"class":58},[44,103939,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952,103954],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,103941,3741],{"class":50},[44,103943,55],{"class":54},[44,103945,4392],{"class":50},[44,103947,108],{"class":58},[44,103949,102859],{"class":111},[44,103951,157],{"class":58},[44,103953,2173],{"class":95},[44,103955,162],{"class":58},[44,103957,103958],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,103959,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,103961,103962,103964,103966,103968],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,103963,154],{"class":153},[44,103965,157],{"class":58},[44,103967,3773],{"class":111},[44,103969,162],{"class":58},[20,103971,103972,42082,103974,8732,103976,1298,103978,108],{},[15,103973,3773],{},[15,103975,217],{},[15,103977,102792],{},[15,103979,217],{},[20,103981,18917],{},[35,103983,103985],{"className":37,"code":103984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103986,103987,104007,104021,104025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103988,103989,103991,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103990,3741],{"class":50},[44,103992,55],{"class":54},[44,103994,59],{"class":58},[44,103996,3108],{"class":95},[44,103998,83],{"class":58},[44,104000,1012],{"class":95},[44,104002,83],{"class":58},[44,104004,1017],{"class":95},[44,104006,99],{"class":58},[44,104008,104009,104011,104013,104015,104017,104019],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104010,3773],{"class":50},[44,104012,108],{"class":58},[44,104014,102859],{"class":111},[44,104016,157],{"class":58},[44,104018,2173],{"class":95},[44,104020,162],{"class":58},[44,104022,104023],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104024,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,104026,104027,104029,104031,104033],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,104028,154],{"class":153},[44,104030,157],{"class":58},[44,104032,3773],{"class":111},[44,104034,162],{"class":58},[1960,104036,37128,104038,8835,104040],{"id":104037},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104039,102792],{},[15,104041,55461],{},[20,104043,104044,104045,108],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104046,102792],{},[35,104048,104050],{"className":37,"code":104049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104051,104052,104084,104105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104053,104054,104056,104058,104060,104062,104064,104066,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080,104082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104055,36013],{"class":50},[44,104057,55],{"class":54},[44,104059,59],{"class":58},[44,104061,63],{"class":62},[44,104063,395],{"class":66},[44,104065,63],{"class":62},[44,104067,83],{"class":58},[44,104069,75],{"class":62},[44,104071,1005],{"class":66},[44,104073,63],{"class":62},[44,104075,83],{"class":58},[44,104077,75],{"class":62},[44,104079,9855],{"class":66},[44,104081,63],{"class":62},[44,104083,99],{"class":58},[44,104085,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096,104098,104100,104102],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104087,36066],{"class":50},[44,104089,108],{"class":58},[44,104091,102859],{"class":111},[44,104093,157],{"class":58},[44,104095,63],{"class":62},[44,104097,22148],{"class":66},[44,104099,63],{"class":62},[44,104101,3786],{"class":58},[44,104103,104104],{"class":168},"   # safe\n",[44,104106,104107,104109,104111,104113],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104108,154],{"class":153},[44,104110,157],{"class":58},[44,104112,36066],{"class":111},[44,104114,162],{"class":58},[20,104116,104117,104118,45837,104121,108],{},"If you use ",[15,104119,104120],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104122,19764],{},[1960,104124,25685,104126,104128],{"id":104125},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104127,102792],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104130,104131,102145],{},[15,104132,102792],{},[20,104134,16725],{},[35,104136,104138],{"className":37,"code":104137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104139,104140,104160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104141,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104143,7910],{"class":50},[44,104145,55],{"class":54},[44,104147,3746],{"class":58},[44,104149,3108],{"class":95},[44,104151,83],{"class":58},[44,104153,1012],{"class":95},[44,104155,83],{"class":58},[44,104157,1017],{"class":95},[44,104159,3759],{"class":58},[44,104161,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104163,7940],{"class":50},[44,104165,108],{"class":58},[44,104167,102859],{"class":111},[44,104169,157],{"class":58},[44,104171,2173],{"class":95},[44,104173,162],{"class":58},[20,104175,104176,104177,72],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104178,102792],{},[35,104180,104182],{"className":37,"code":104181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104183,104184,104204,104218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104185,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104187,7910],{"class":50},[44,104189,55],{"class":54},[44,104191,59],{"class":58},[44,104193,3108],{"class":95},[44,104195,83],{"class":58},[44,104197,1012],{"class":95},[44,104199,83],{"class":58},[44,104201,1017],{"class":95},[44,104203,99],{"class":58},[44,104205,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104207,7940],{"class":50},[44,104209,108],{"class":58},[44,104211,102859],{"class":111},[44,104213,157],{"class":58},[44,104215,2173],{"class":95},[44,104217,162],{"class":58},[44,104219,104220,104222,104224,104226],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104221,154],{"class":153},[44,104223,157],{"class":58},[44,104225,7940],{"class":111},[44,104227,162],{"class":58},[1960,104229,104231],{"id":104230},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104233,104234],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104236,2955],{},[35,104238,104240],{"className":37,"code":104239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104241,104242,104262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104243,104244,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104245,489],{"class":50},[44,104247,55],{"class":54},[44,104249,59],{"class":58},[44,104251,3108],{"class":95},[44,104253,83],{"class":58},[44,104255,1012],{"class":95},[44,104257,83],{"class":58},[44,104259,1017],{"class":95},[44,104261,99],{"class":58},[44,104263,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104265,511],{"class":50},[44,104267,108],{"class":58},[44,104269,102859],{"class":111},[44,104271,3105],{"class":58},[44,104273,2173],{"class":95},[44,104275,4015],{"class":58},[20,104277,104278],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,104280,9002],{"id":9001},[20,104282,9005,104283,104285],{},[15,104284,102792],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,104287,104289],{"className":37,"code":104288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104290,104291,104301,104315,104329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104292,104293,104295,104297,104299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104294,154],{"class":153},[44,104296,157],{"class":58},[44,104298,15751],{"class":111},[44,104300,162],{"class":58},[44,104302,104303,104305,104307,104309,104311,104313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104304,154],{"class":153},[44,104306,157],{"class":58},[44,104308,1862],{"class":1861},[44,104310,157],{"class":58},[44,104312,15751],{"class":111},[44,104314,1869],{"class":58},[44,104316,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104318,154],{"class":153},[44,104320,157],{"class":58},[44,104322,2564],{"class":111},[44,104324,4009],{"class":4002},[44,104326,96862],{"class":111},[44,104328,162],{"class":58},[44,104330,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,104332,1913],{"class":153},[44,104334,157],{"class":58},[44,104336,6416],{"class":1861},[44,104338,108],{"class":58},[44,104340,102859],{"class":1923},[44,104342,162],{"class":58},[20,104344,11280],{},[192,104346,104347,104350,104353,104356],{},[195,104348,104349],{},"What is currently in the set",[195,104351,104352],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[195,104354,104355],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[195,104357,104358],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104360,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,104362,104364],{"id":104363},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104366,104367,104368,104370],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104369,102792],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1960,104372,5273,104374,12814],{"id":104373},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104375,102797],{},[20,104377,214,104378,104380],{},[15,104379,217],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1960,104382,2007,104384,4523,104386,2610],{"id":104383},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104385,102792],{},[15,104387,55461],{},[20,104389,104390,104391,26606,104393,104395,104396,104398],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104392,55461],{},[15,104394,19764],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104397,102792],{}," does not.",[1960,104400,1994,104402,104404],{"id":104401},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104403,102792],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104406,46294,104407,104409],{},[15,104408,102792],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104411,2020],{"id":2019},[192,104413,104414,104420,104426,104431,104435],{},[195,104415,104416],{},[395,104417,96752,104418,10852],{"href":98147},[15,104419,55461],{},[195,104421,104422],{},[395,104423,96752,104424,10852],{"href":98152},[15,104425,12861],{},[195,104427,104428],{},[395,104429,104430],{"href":97821},"Python set: creating a set",[195,104432,104433],{},[395,104434,100287],{"href":98729},[195,104436,104437],{},[395,104438,1954],{"href":1953},[2048,104440,104441],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":104443},[104444,104445,104447,104450,104455,104456,104457,104458,104460,104469,104470,104479],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":102969,"depth":102,"text":104446},"What set.discard() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":104448},[104449],{"id":103042,"depth":150,"text":103043},{"id":103122,"depth":102,"text":104451,"children":104452},"What makes discard() different",[104453],{"id":103161,"depth":150,"text":104454},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103314,"depth":102,"text":103315},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":103685,"depth":102,"text":103686},{"id":103878,"depth":102,"text":104459},"When to use discard()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":104461},[104462,104464,104466,104468],{"id":103907,"depth":150,"text":104463},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104037,"depth":150,"text":104465},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104125,"depth":150,"text":104467},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104230,"depth":150,"text":104231},{"id":9001,"depth":102,"text":9002},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":104471},[104472,104473,104475,104477],{"id":104363,"depth":150,"text":104364},{"id":104373,"depth":150,"text":104474},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104383,"depth":150,"text":104476},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104401,"depth":150,"text":104478},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102784,"description":104480},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104487,"title":104488,"body":104489,"description":106495,"extension":2080,"meta":106496,"navigation":682,"path":106497,"seo":106498,"stem":106499,"__hash__":106500},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104490,"toc":106453},[104491,104494,104502,104507,104518,104520,104575,104579,104599,104604,104608,104613,104615,104629,104631,104706,104708,104741,104746,104751,104753,104755,104770,104773,104781,104786,104801,104803,104892,104894,104983,104989,104993,104995,105033,105035,105059,105062,105077,105079,105134,105136,105169,105171,105176,105180,105184,105189,105254,105256,105276,105282,105286,105343,105345,105366,105370,105375,105420,105422,105455,105458,105462,105495,105497,105526,105530,105534,105537,105539,105558,105560,105606,105611,105625,105627,105658,105663,105666,105710,105712,105740,105744,105748,105764,105767,105832,105834,105846,105849,105853,105856,105861,105889,105891,105909,105915,105954,105956,105974,105980,106009,106011,106029,106032,106049,106051,106056,106060,106063,106089,106096,106101,106116,106125,106129,106132,106163,106169,106172,106181,106184,106186,106188,106246,106249,106274,106276,106280,106283,106287,106295,106299,106302,106306,106309,106311,106334,106336,106377,106384,106392,106395,106426,106428,106450],[10,104492,104488],{"id":104493},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104495,9253,104496,104498,104499,108],{},[15,104497,3922],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3868,104500,104501],{},"unique values only",[20,104503,35327,104504,104506],{},[15,104505,3922],{}," to:",[192,104508,104509,104512,104515],{},[195,104510,104511],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[195,104513,104514],{},"check whether a value exists",[195,104516,104517],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104519,33],{"id":32},[35,104521,104523],{"className":37,"code":104522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104524,104525,104549,104564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104526,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104528,3741],{"class":50},[44,104530,55],{"class":54},[44,104532,3746],{"class":58},[44,104534,3108],{"class":95},[44,104536,83],{"class":58},[44,104538,1012],{"class":95},[44,104540,83],{"class":58},[44,104542,1012],{"class":95},[44,104544,83],{"class":58},[44,104546,1017],{"class":95},[44,104548,3759],{"class":58},[44,104550,104551,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104552,104553],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104555,55],{"class":54},[44,104557,15718],{"class":1861},[44,104559,157],{"class":58},[44,104561,3773],{"class":111},[44,104563,162],{"class":58},[44,104565,104566,104568,104570,104573],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104567,154],{"class":153},[44,104569,157],{"class":58},[44,104571,104572],{"class":111},"unique_numbers",[44,104574,162],{"class":58},[20,104576,104577],{},[3868,104578,330],{},[35,104580,104581],{"className":37,"code":96545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104582,104583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104584,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104586,340],{"class":58},[44,104588,3108],{"class":95},[44,104590,83],{"class":58},[44,104592,1012],{"class":95},[44,104594,83],{"class":58},[44,104596,1017],{"class":95},[44,104598,99],{"class":58},[20,104600,172,104601,104603],{},[15,104602,3922],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104605,104607],{"id":104606},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104609,104610,104612],{},[15,104611,3922],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104614,203],{},[192,104616,104617,104620,104623,104626],{},[195,104618,104619],{},"A set stores unique items only",[195,104621,104622],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[195,104624,104625],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[195,104627,104628],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104630,223],{},[35,104632,104634],{"className":37,"code":104633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104635,104636,104676,104691,104695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104637,104638,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104639,13172],{"class":50},[44,104641,55],{"class":54},[44,104643,3746],{"class":58},[44,104645,63],{"class":62},[44,104647,13189],{"class":66},[44,104649,63],{"class":62},[44,104651,83],{"class":58},[44,104653,75],{"class":62},[44,104655,13206],{"class":66},[44,104657,63],{"class":62},[44,104659,83],{"class":58},[44,104661,75],{"class":62},[44,104663,13189],{"class":66},[44,104665,63],{"class":62},[44,104667,83],{"class":58},[44,104669,75],{"class":62},[44,104671,17534],{"class":66},[44,104673,63],{"class":62},[44,104675,3759],{"class":58},[44,104677,104678,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104679,104680],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104682,55],{"class":54},[44,104684,15718],{"class":1861},[44,104686,157],{"class":58},[44,104688,17581],{"class":111},[44,104690,162],{"class":58},[44,104692,104693],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104694,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,104696,104697,104699,104701,104704],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,104698,154],{"class":153},[44,104700,157],{"class":58},[44,104702,104703],{"class":111},"unique_colors",[44,104705,162],{"class":58},[20,104707,30096],{},[35,104709,104711],{"className":37,"code":104710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104712,104713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104714,104715,104717,104719,104721,104723,104725,104727,104729,104731,104733,104735,104737,104739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104716,340],{"class":58},[44,104718,343],{"class":62},[44,104720,13206],{"class":66},[44,104722,343],{"class":62},[44,104724,83],{"class":58},[44,104726,352],{"class":62},[44,104728,17534],{"class":66},[44,104730,343],{"class":62},[44,104732,83],{"class":58},[44,104734,352],{"class":62},[44,104736,13189],{"class":66},[44,104738,343],{"class":62},[44,104740,99],{"class":58},[20,104742,2403,104743,104745],{},[15,104744,65327],{}," appears only once.",[20,104747,104748,104749,108],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[395,104750,96266],{"href":96265},[30,104752,402],{"id":401},[20,104754,2277],{},[35,104756,104758],{"className":37,"code":104757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104759,104760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104761,104762,104764,104766,104768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104763,6416],{"class":1861},[44,104765,157],{"class":58},[44,104767,3845],{"class":111},[44,104769,162],{"class":58},[20,104771,104772],{},"The argument is optional.",[192,104774,104775,104778],{},[195,104776,104777],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[195,104779,104780],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104782,104783,104784,72],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104785,3922],{},[192,104787,104788,104790,104792,104794,104798],{},[195,104789,1878],{},[195,104791,48883],{},[195,104793,61108],{},[195,104795,104796],{},[15,104797,36121],{},[195,104799,104800],{},"another set",[20,104802,2243],{},[35,104804,104806],{"className":37,"code":104805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104807,104808,104834,104856,104874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104809,104810,104812,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830,104832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104811,154],{"class":153},[44,104813,157],{"class":58},[44,104815,6416],{"class":1861},[44,104817,3105],{"class":58},[44,104819,3108],{"class":95},[44,104821,83],{"class":58},[44,104823,1012],{"class":95},[44,104825,83],{"class":58},[44,104827,1012],{"class":95},[44,104829,83],{"class":58},[44,104831,1017],{"class":95},[44,104833,3119],{"class":58},[44,104835,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104837,154],{"class":153},[44,104839,157],{"class":58},[44,104841,6416],{"class":1861},[44,104843,5640],{"class":58},[44,104845,2448],{"class":95},[44,104847,83],{"class":58},[44,104849,96],{"class":95},[44,104851,83],{"class":58},[44,104853,528],{"class":95},[44,104855,3031],{"class":58},[44,104857,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104859,154],{"class":153},[44,104861,157],{"class":58},[44,104863,6416],{"class":1861},[44,104865,157],{"class":58},[44,104867,63],{"class":62},[44,104869,3971],{"class":66},[44,104871,63],{"class":62},[44,104873,1869],{"class":58},[44,104875,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,104877,154],{"class":153},[44,104879,157],{"class":58},[44,104881,6416],{"class":1861},[44,104883,157],{"class":58},[44,104885,59932],{"class":153},[44,104887,157],{"class":58},[44,104889,2623],{"class":95},[44,104891,3031],{"class":58},[20,104893,30096],{},[35,104895,104897],{"className":37,"code":104896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104898,104899,104915,104927,104963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104900,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104902,340],{"class":58},[44,104904,3108],{"class":95},[44,104906,83],{"class":58},[44,104908,1012],{"class":95},[44,104910,83],{"class":58},[44,104912,1017],{"class":95},[44,104914,99],{"class":58},[44,104916,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,104918,340],{"class":58},[44,104920,2448],{"class":95},[44,104922,83],{"class":58},[44,104924,96],{"class":95},[44,104926,99],{"class":58},[44,104928,104929,104931,104933,104935,104937,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,104930,340],{"class":58},[44,104932,343],{"class":62},[44,104934,60372],{"class":66},[44,104936,343],{"class":62},[44,104938,83],{"class":58},[44,104940,352],{"class":62},[44,104942,60381],{"class":66},[44,104944,343],{"class":62},[44,104946,83],{"class":58},[44,104948,352],{"class":62},[44,104950,60390],{"class":66},[44,104952,343],{"class":62},[44,104954,83],{"class":58},[44,104956,352],{"class":62},[44,104958,60407],{"class":66},[44,104960,343],{"class":62},[44,104962,99],{"class":58},[44,104964,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,104966,340],{"class":58},[44,104968,2237],{"class":95},[44,104970,83],{"class":58},[44,104972,504],{"class":95},[44,104974,83],{"class":58},[44,104976,1012],{"class":95},[44,104978,83],{"class":58},[44,104980,1017],{"class":95},[44,104982,99],{"class":58},[20,104984,104985,104986,108],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[395,104987,104988],{"href":64782},"Python list() function explained",[30,104990,104992],{"id":104991},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104994,98218],{},[35,104996,104997],{"className":37,"code":99183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104998,104999,105009,105019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105000,105001,105003,105005,105007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105002,98228],{"class":50},[44,105004,55],{"class":54},[44,105006,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105008,1635],{"class":58},[44,105010,105011,105013,105015,105017],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105012,154],{"class":153},[44,105014,157],{"class":58},[44,105016,98247],{"class":111},[44,105018,162],{"class":58},[44,105020,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,105022,154],{"class":153},[44,105024,157],{"class":58},[44,105026,1862],{"class":1861},[44,105028,157],{"class":58},[44,105030,98247],{"class":111},[44,105032,1869],{"class":58},[20,105034,330],{},[35,105036,105037],{"className":37,"code":99226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105038,105039,105045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105040,105041,105043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105042,6416],{"class":1861},[44,105044,1635],{"class":58},[44,105046,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105048,3411],{"class":54},[44,105050,3414],{"class":2182},[44,105052,352],{"class":62},[44,105054,6416],{"class":66},[44,105056,343],{"class":62},[44,105058,3423],{"class":54},[20,105060,105061],{},"This is important because:",[192,105063,105064,105069],{},[195,105065,105066,105068],{},[15,105067,3922],{}," creates an empty set",[195,105070,105071,105073,105074,105076],{},[15,105072,3917],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3868,105075,4762],{}," a set",[20,105078,223],{},[35,105080,105082],{"className":37,"code":105081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105083,105084,105094,105102,105106,105120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105085,105086,105088,105090,105092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105087,2673],{"class":50},[44,105089,55],{"class":54},[44,105091,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105093,1635],{"class":58},[44,105095,105096,105098,105100],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105097,2701],{"class":50},[44,105099,55],{"class":54},[44,105101,1238],{"class":58},[44,105103,105104],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,105105,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,105107,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,105109,154],{"class":153},[44,105111,157],{"class":58},[44,105113,1862],{"class":1861},[44,105115,157],{"class":58},[44,105117,395],{"class":111},[44,105119,1869],{"class":58},[44,105121,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,105123,154],{"class":153},[44,105125,157],{"class":58},[44,105127,1862],{"class":1861},[44,105129,157],{"class":58},[44,105131,1005],{"class":111},[44,105133,1869],{"class":58},[20,105135,330],{},[35,105137,105139],{"className":37,"code":105138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105140,105141,105155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105142,105143,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105144,3411],{"class":54},[44,105146,3414],{"class":2182},[44,105148,352],{"class":62},[44,105150,6416],{"class":66},[44,105152,343],{"class":62},[44,105154,3423],{"class":54},[44,105156,105157,105159,105161,105163,105165,105167],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105158,3411],{"class":54},[44,105160,3414],{"class":2182},[44,105162,352],{"class":62},[44,105164,1918],{"class":66},[44,105166,343],{"class":62},[44,105168,3423],{"class":54},[20,105170,1303],{},[20,105172,105173,105174,108],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[395,105175,104430],{"href":96269},[30,105177,105179],{"id":105178},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1960,105181,105183],{"id":105182},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105185,105186,105187,108],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105188,3922],{},[35,105190,105192],{"className":37,"code":105191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105193,105194,105226,105240,105244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105195,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214,105216,105218,105220,105222,105224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105197,3741],{"class":50},[44,105199,55],{"class":54},[44,105201,3746],{"class":58},[44,105203,3108],{"class":95},[44,105205,83],{"class":58},[44,105207,1012],{"class":95},[44,105209,83],{"class":58},[44,105211,1012],{"class":95},[44,105213,83],{"class":58},[44,105215,1017],{"class":95},[44,105217,83],{"class":58},[44,105219,1017],{"class":95},[44,105221,83],{"class":58},[44,105223,1017],{"class":95},[44,105225,3759],{"class":58},[44,105227,105228,105230,105232,105234,105236,105238],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105229,1340],{"class":50},[44,105231,55],{"class":54},[44,105233,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105235,157],{"class":58},[44,105237,3773],{"class":111},[44,105239,162],{"class":58},[44,105241,105242],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,105243,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,105245,105246,105248,105250,105252],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,105247,154],{"class":153},[44,105249,157],{"class":58},[44,105251,1376],{"class":111},[44,105253,162],{"class":58},[20,105255,330],{},[35,105257,105258],{"className":37,"code":96545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105259,105260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105261,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105263,340],{"class":58},[44,105265,3108],{"class":95},[44,105267,83],{"class":58},[44,105269,1012],{"class":95},[44,105271,83],{"class":58},[44,105273,1017],{"class":95},[44,105275,99],{"class":58},[20,105277,105278,105279,108],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[395,105280,99016],{"href":105281},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1960,105283,105285],{"id":105284},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,105287,105289],{"className":37,"code":105288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105290,105291,105315,105329,105333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105292,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301,105303,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105294,3948],{"class":50},[44,105296,55],{"class":54},[44,105298,857],{"class":58},[44,105300,2254],{"class":95},[44,105302,83],{"class":58},[44,105304,4736],{"class":95},[44,105306,83],{"class":58},[44,105308,528],{"class":95},[44,105310,83],{"class":58},[44,105312,37861],{"class":95},[44,105314,162],{"class":58},[44,105316,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105318,1340],{"class":50},[44,105320,55],{"class":54},[44,105322,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105324,157],{"class":58},[44,105326,5488],{"class":111},[44,105328,162],{"class":58},[44,105330,105331],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,105332,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,105334,105335,105337,105339,105341],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,105336,154],{"class":153},[44,105338,157],{"class":58},[44,105340,1376],{"class":111},[44,105342,162],{"class":58},[20,105344,330],{},[35,105346,105348],{"className":37,"code":105347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105349,105350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105351,105352,105354,105356,105358,105360,105362,105364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105353,340],{"class":58},[44,105355,2254],{"class":95},[44,105357,83],{"class":58},[44,105359,528],{"class":95},[44,105361,83],{"class":58},[44,105363,37861],{"class":95},[44,105365,99],{"class":58},[1960,105367,105369],{"id":105368},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105371,51058,105372,105374],{},[15,105373,3922],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105376,105378],{"className":37,"code":105377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105379,105380,105392,105406,105410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105381,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105383,34608],{"class":50},[44,105385,55],{"class":54},[44,105387,75],{"class":62},[44,105389,4216],{"class":66},[44,105391,3479],{"class":62},[44,105393,105394,105396,105398,105400,105402,105404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105395,1340],{"class":50},[44,105397,55],{"class":54},[44,105399,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105401,157],{"class":58},[44,105403,34629],{"class":111},[44,105405,162],{"class":58},[44,105407,105408],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,105409,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,105413,154],{"class":153},[44,105415,157],{"class":58},[44,105417,1376],{"class":111},[44,105419,162],{"class":58},[20,105421,30096],{},[35,105423,105425],{"className":37,"code":105424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105426,105427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105443,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105430,340],{"class":58},[44,105432,343],{"class":62},[44,105434,1005],{"class":66},[44,105436,343],{"class":62},[44,105438,83],{"class":58},[44,105440,352],{"class":62},[44,105442,395],{"class":66},[44,105444,343],{"class":62},[44,105446,83],{"class":58},[44,105448,352],{"class":62},[44,105450,75965],{"class":66},[44,105452,343],{"class":62},[44,105454,99],{"class":58},[20,105456,105457],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1960,105459,105461],{"id":105460},"from-range","From range()",[35,105463,105465],{"className":37,"code":105464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105466,105467,105485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105468,105469,105471,105473,105475,105477,105479,105481,105483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105470,1340],{"class":50},[44,105472,55],{"class":54},[44,105474,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105476,157],{"class":58},[44,105478,59932],{"class":153},[44,105480,157],{"class":58},[44,105482,2254],{"class":95},[44,105484,1869],{"class":58},[44,105486,105487,105489,105491,105493],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105488,154],{"class":153},[44,105490,157],{"class":58},[44,105492,1376],{"class":111},[44,105494,162],{"class":58},[20,105496,330],{},[35,105498,105500],{"className":37,"code":105499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105501,105502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105503,105504,105506,105508,105510,105512,105514,105516,105518,105520,105522,105524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105505,340],{"class":58},[44,105507,2237],{"class":95},[44,105509,83],{"class":58},[44,105511,504],{"class":95},[44,105513,83],{"class":58},[44,105515,1012],{"class":95},[44,105517,83],{"class":58},[44,105519,1017],{"class":95},[44,105521,83],{"class":58},[44,105523,2574],{"class":95},[44,105525,99],{"class":58},[30,105527,105529],{"id":105528},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105531,99463,105532,108],{},[3868,105533,96309],{},[20,105535,105536],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105538,99469],{},[192,105540,105541,105545,105549,105553],{},[195,105542,105543],{},[15,105544,2306],{},[195,105546,105547],{},[15,105548,3564],{},[195,105550,105551],{},[15,105552,2310],{},[195,105554,105555,105557],{},[15,105556,48883],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105559,223],{},[35,105561,105563],{"className":37,"code":105562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105564,105565,105596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105566,105567,105569,105571,105573,105575,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587,105589,105591,105593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105568,7910],{"class":50},[44,105570,55],{"class":54},[44,105572,59],{"class":58},[44,105574,3108],{"class":95},[44,105576,83],{"class":58},[44,105578,75],{"class":62},[44,105580,3971],{"class":66},[44,105582,63],{"class":62},[44,105584,83],{"class":58},[44,105586,857],{"class":58},[44,105588,2448],{"class":95},[44,105590,83],{"class":58},[44,105592,96],{"class":95},[44,105594,105595],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,105597,105598,105600,105602,105604],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105599,154],{"class":153},[44,105601,157],{"class":58},[44,105603,7940],{"class":111},[44,105605,162],{"class":58},[20,105607,99531,105608,105610],{},[3868,105609,4762],{}," work inside a set:",[192,105612,105613,105617,105621],{},[195,105614,105615],{},[15,105616,1878],{},[195,105618,105619],{},[15,105620,1918],{},[195,105622,105623],{},[15,105624,6416],{},[20,105626,97034],{},[35,105628,105630],{"className":37,"code":105629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105631,105632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105633,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644,105646,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105635,99550],{"class":50},[44,105637,55],{"class":54},[44,105639,99555],{"class":58},[44,105641,3108],{"class":95},[44,105643,83],{"class":58},[44,105645,1012],{"class":95},[44,105647,18140],{"class":58},[44,105649,3746],{"class":58},[44,105651,2179],{"class":95},[44,105653,83],{"class":58},[44,105655,2574],{"class":95},[44,105657,13798],{"class":58},[20,105659,76793,105660,105662],{},[15,105661,3125],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105664,105665],{},"A safer example:",[35,105667,105669],{"className":37,"code":105668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105670,105671,105699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105672,105673,105676,105678,105681,105683,105685,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105674,105675],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105677,55],{"class":54},[44,105679,105680],{"class":58}," {(",[44,105682,3108],{"class":95},[44,105684,83],{"class":58},[44,105686,1012],{"class":95},[44,105688,854],{"class":58},[44,105690,857],{"class":58},[44,105692,2179],{"class":95},[44,105694,83],{"class":58},[44,105696,2574],{"class":95},[44,105698,105595],{"class":58},[44,105700,105701,105703,105705,105708],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105702,154],{"class":153},[44,105704,157],{"class":58},[44,105706,105707],{"class":111},"good_set",[44,105709,162],{"class":58},[20,105711,330],{},[35,105713,105715],{"className":37,"code":105714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105716,105717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105718,105719,105722,105724,105726,105728,105730,105732,105734,105736,105738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105720,105721],{"class":58},"{(",[44,105723,3108],{"class":95},[44,105725,83],{"class":58},[44,105727,1012],{"class":95},[44,105729,854],{"class":58},[44,105731,857],{"class":58},[44,105733,2179],{"class":95},[44,105735,83],{"class":58},[44,105737,2574],{"class":95},[44,105739,105595],{"class":58},[30,105741,105743],{"id":105742},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105745,172,105746,1558],{},[15,105747,3922],{},[192,105749,105750,105753,105758,105761],{},[195,105751,105752],{},"you need unique values only",[195,105754,105755,105756],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105757,4009],{},[195,105759,105760],{},"order does not matter",[195,105762,105763],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105765,105766],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105768,105770],{"className":37,"code":105769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105771,105772,105797,105801,105817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105773,105774,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787,105790,105792,105795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105775,105776],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105778,55],{"class":54},[44,105780,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105782,3105],{"class":58},[44,105784,46521],{"class":95},[44,105786,83],{"class":58},[44,105788,105789],{"class":95}," 102",[44,105791,83],{"class":58},[44,105793,105794],{"class":95}," 103",[44,105796,4015],{"class":58},[44,105798,105799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105800,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,105802,105803,105805,105807,105810,105812,105815],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,105804,154],{"class":153},[44,105806,157],{"class":58},[44,105808,105809],{"class":95},"102",[44,105811,21245],{"class":4002},[44,105813,105814],{"class":111}," allowed_ids",[44,105816,162],{"class":58},[44,105818,105819,105821,105823,105826,105828,105830],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,105820,154],{"class":153},[44,105822,157],{"class":58},[44,105824,105825],{"class":95},"999",[44,105827,21245],{"class":4002},[44,105829,105814],{"class":111},[44,105831,162],{"class":58},[20,105833,330],{},[35,105835,105836],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105837,105838,105842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105839,105840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105841,4107],{"class":1400},[44,105843,105844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105845,4168],{"class":1400},[20,105847,105848],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,105850,105852],{"id":105851},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105854,105855],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1960,105857,172,105859,98160],{"id":105858},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105860,3922],{},[35,105862,105863],{"className":37,"code":98221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105864,105865,105875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105866,105867,105869,105871,105873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105868,98228],{"class":50},[44,105870,55],{"class":54},[44,105872,15718],{"class":1861},[44,105874,1635],{"class":58},[44,105876,105877,105879,105881,105883,105885,105887],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105878,154],{"class":153},[44,105880,157],{"class":58},[44,105882,1862],{"class":1861},[44,105884,157],{"class":58},[44,105886,98247],{"class":111},[44,105888,1869],{"class":58},[20,105890,330],{},[35,105892,105893],{"className":37,"code":8982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105894,105895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105896,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105898,3411],{"class":54},[44,105900,3414],{"class":2182},[44,105902,352],{"class":62},[44,105904,6416],{"class":66},[44,105906,343],{"class":62},[44,105908,3423],{"class":54},[1960,105910,172,105912,105914],{"id":105911},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105913,100220],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105916,105918],{"className":37,"code":105917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105919,105920,105940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105921,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930,105932,105934,105936,105938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105923,3741],{"class":50},[44,105925,55],{"class":54},[44,105927,59],{"class":58},[44,105929,3108],{"class":95},[44,105931,83],{"class":58},[44,105933,1012],{"class":95},[44,105935,83],{"class":58},[44,105937,1017],{"class":95},[44,105939,99],{"class":58},[44,105941,105942,105944,105946,105948,105950,105952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105943,154],{"class":153},[44,105945,157],{"class":58},[44,105947,1862],{"class":1861},[44,105949,157],{"class":58},[44,105951,3773],{"class":111},[44,105953,1869],{"class":58},[20,105955,330],{},[35,105957,105958],{"className":37,"code":8982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105959,105960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105961,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105963,3411],{"class":54},[44,105965,3414],{"class":2182},[44,105967,352],{"class":62},[44,105969,6416],{"class":66},[44,105971,343],{"class":62},[44,105973,3423],{"class":54},[1960,105975,172,105977,105979],{"id":105976},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105978,3917],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105981,105983],{"className":37,"code":105982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105984,105985,105994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105986,105987,105990,105992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105988,105989],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105991,55],{"class":54},[44,105993,1238],{"class":58},[44,105995,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106007],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,105997,154],{"class":153},[44,105999,157],{"class":58},[44,106001,1862],{"class":1861},[44,106003,157],{"class":58},[44,106005,106006],{"class":111},"empty_dict",[44,106008,1869],{"class":58},[20,106010,330],{},[35,106012,106013],{"className":37,"code":8939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106014,106015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106016,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106018,3411],{"class":54},[44,106020,3414],{"class":2182},[44,106022,352],{"class":62},[44,106024,1918],{"class":66},[44,106026,343],{"class":62},[44,106028,3423],{"class":54},[20,106030,106031],{},"So the rule is simple:",[192,106033,106034,106039,106044],{},[195,106035,106036,106038],{},[15,106037,3922],{}," → empty set",[195,106040,106041,106043],{},[15,106042,100220],{}," → non-empty set",[195,106045,106046,106048],{},[15,106047,3917],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,106050,1803],{"id":1802},[20,106052,106053,106054,108],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106055,3922],{},[1960,106057,567,106058,99818],{"id":99815},[15,106059,3917],{},[20,106061,106062],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,106064,106065],{"className":37,"code":99824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106066,106067,106075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106068,106069,106071,106073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106070,2564],{"class":50},[44,106072,55],{"class":54},[44,106074,1238],{"class":58},[44,106076,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106078,154],{"class":153},[44,106080,157],{"class":58},[44,106082,1862],{"class":1861},[44,106084,157],{"class":58},[44,106086,2590],{"class":111},[44,106088,1869],{"class":58},[1960,106090,106092,106093],{"id":106091},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106094,106095],{},"set(5)",[20,106097,106098,106100],{},[15,106099,3922],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,106102,106104],{"className":37,"code":106103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,106105,106106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106107,106108,106110,106112,106114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106109,6416],{"class":1861},[44,106111,157],{"class":58},[44,106113,2254],{"class":95},[44,106115,162],{"class":58},[20,106117,3122,106118,106120,106121,108],{},[15,106119,3125],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[395,106122,106124],{"href":106123},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1960,106126,106128],{"id":106127},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106130,106131],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,106133,106135],{"className":37,"code":106134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106136,106137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106138,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106140,2564],{"class":50},[44,106142,55],{"class":54},[44,106144,99555],{"class":58},[44,106146,3108],{"class":95},[44,106148,83],{"class":58},[44,106150,1012],{"class":95},[44,106152,18140],{"class":58},[44,106154,3746],{"class":58},[44,106156,2179],{"class":95},[44,106158,83],{"class":58},[44,106160,2574],{"class":95},[44,106162,13798],{"class":58},[1960,106164,1821,106166,106168],{"id":106165},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106167,3922],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106170,106171],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1960,106173,37128,106175,8835,106177,2997,106179],{"id":106174},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106176,3922],{},[15,106178,24849],{},[15,106180,9250],{},[20,106182,106183],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,106185,60644],{"id":60643},[20,106187,11222],{},[35,106189,106191],{"className":37,"code":106190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106192,106193,106208,106218,106232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106194,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203,106206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106196,154],{"class":153},[44,106198,157],{"class":58},[44,106200,1862],{"class":1861},[44,106202,157],{"class":58},[44,106204,106205],{"class":111},"my_value",[44,106207,1869],{"class":58},[44,106209,106210,106212,106214,106216],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106211,154],{"class":153},[44,106213,157],{"class":58},[44,106215,106205],{"class":111},[44,106217,162],{"class":58},[44,106219,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,106221,154],{"class":153},[44,106223,157],{"class":58},[44,106225,1878],{"class":1861},[44,106227,157],{"class":58},[44,106229,15751],{"class":111},[44,106231,1869],{"class":58},[44,106233,106234,106236,106238,106240,106242,106244],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,106235,154],{"class":153},[44,106237,157],{"class":58},[44,106239,11271],{"class":153},[44,106241,157],{"class":58},[44,106243,15751],{"class":111},[44,106245,1869],{"class":58},[20,106247,106248],{},"What they help you see:",[192,106250,106251,106257,106262,106268],{},[195,106252,106253,106256],{},[15,106254,106255],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[195,106258,106259,90484],{},[15,106260,106261],{},"print(my_value)",[195,106263,106264,106267],{},[15,106265,106266],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[195,106269,106270,106273],{},[15,106271,106272],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,106275,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,106277,106279],{"id":106278},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106281,106282],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1960,106284,106286],{"id":106285},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106288,172,106289,106291,106292,106294],{},[15,106290,3922],{},". Do not use ",[15,106293,3917],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1960,106296,106298],{"id":106297},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106300,106301],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1960,106303,106305],{"id":106304},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106307,106308],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106310,223],{},[35,106312,106314],{"className":37,"code":106313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106315,106316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106317,106318,106320,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106319,154],{"class":153},[44,106321,157],{"class":58},[44,106323,6416],{"class":1861},[44,106325,157],{"class":58},[44,106327,63],{"class":62},[44,106329,4207],{"class":66},[44,106331,63],{"class":62},[44,106333,1869],{"class":58},[20,106335,30096],{},[35,106337,106339],{"className":37,"code":106338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106340,106341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106342,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106344,340],{"class":58},[44,106346,343],{"class":62},[44,106348,395],{"class":66},[44,106350,343],{"class":62},[44,106352,83],{"class":58},[44,106354,352],{"class":62},[44,106356,20],{"class":66},[44,106358,343],{"class":62},[44,106360,83],{"class":58},[44,106362,352],{"class":62},[44,106364,60390],{"class":66},[44,106366,343],{"class":62},[44,106368,83],{"class":58},[44,106370,352],{"class":62},[44,106372,60381],{"class":66},[44,106374,343],{"class":62},[44,106376,99],{"class":58},[1960,106378,5288,106380,106383],{"id":106379},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106381,106382],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106385,106386,28753,106388,106391],{},[15,106387,3922],{},[3868,106389,106390],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106393,106394],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106396,106398],{"className":37,"code":106397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106399,106400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106401,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106403,154],{"class":153},[44,106405,157],{"class":58},[44,106407,6416],{"class":1861},[44,106409,3105],{"class":58},[44,106411,3108],{"class":95},[44,106413,83],{"class":58},[44,106415,1012],{"class":95},[44,106417,83],{"class":58},[44,106419,1017],{"class":95},[44,106421,83],{"class":58},[44,106423,2574],{"class":95},[44,106425,3119],{"class":58},[30,106427,2020],{"id":2019},[192,106429,106430,106434,106438,106442,106446],{},[195,106431,106432],{},[395,106433,96266],{"href":96265},[195,106435,106436],{},[395,106437,104430],{"href":96269},[195,106439,106440],{},[395,106441,100282],{"href":105281},[195,106443,106444],{},[395,106445,104988],{"href":64782},[195,106447,106448],{},[395,106449,106124],{"href":106123},[2048,106451,106452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":106454},[106455,106456,106457,106458,106459,106465,106466,106467,106475,106485,106486,106494],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":104606,"depth":102,"text":104607},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":104991,"depth":102,"text":104992},{"id":105178,"depth":102,"text":105179,"children":106460},[106461,106462,106463,106464],{"id":105182,"depth":150,"text":105183},{"id":105284,"depth":150,"text":105285},{"id":105368,"depth":150,"text":105369},{"id":105460,"depth":150,"text":105461},{"id":105528,"depth":102,"text":105529},{"id":105742,"depth":102,"text":105743},{"id":105851,"depth":102,"text":105852,"children":106468},[106469,106471,106473],{"id":105858,"depth":150,"text":106470},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105911,"depth":150,"text":106472},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105976,"depth":150,"text":106474},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":106476},[106477,106478,106480,106481,106483],{"id":99815,"depth":150,"text":100323},{"id":106091,"depth":150,"text":106479},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106127,"depth":150,"text":106128},{"id":106165,"depth":150,"text":106482},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106174,"depth":150,"text":106484},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60643,"depth":102,"text":60644},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":106487},[106488,106489,106490,106491,106492],{"id":106278,"depth":150,"text":106279},{"id":106285,"depth":150,"text":106286},{"id":106297,"depth":150,"text":106298},{"id":106304,"depth":150,"text":106305},{"id":106379,"depth":150,"text":106493},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104488,"description":106495},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106502,"title":106503,"body":106504,"description":108019,"extension":2080,"meta":108020,"navigation":682,"path":108021,"seo":108022,"stem":108023,"__hash__":108024},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106505,"toc":107995},[106506,106512,106517,106520,106603,106608,106613,106618,106620,106633,106637,106639,106658,106661,106684,106687,106698,106700,106781,106783,106800,106802,106808,106811,106906,106908,106939,106941,106949,106951,106954,107065,107067,107092,107094,107116,107121,107126,107132,107241,107243,107259,107262,107265,107348,107350,107367,107375,107377,107381,107387,107478,107480,107513,107518,107525,107602,107604,107621,107627,107629,107633,107649,107652,107678,107680,107741,107743,107866,107868,107919,107925,107927,107932,107934,107940,107943,107947,107950,107954,107957,107967,107969,107992],[10,106507,3697,106509,18],{"id":106508},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106510,106511],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106513,22,106514,106516],{},[15,106515,106511],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106518,106519],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106521,106523],{"className":37,"code":106522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106524,106525,106545,106565,106569,106588,106598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106526,106527,106529,106531,106533,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106528,2673],{"class":50},[44,106530,55],{"class":54},[44,106532,59],{"class":58},[44,106534,3108],{"class":95},[44,106536,83],{"class":58},[44,106538,1012],{"class":95},[44,106540,83],{"class":58},[44,106542,1017],{"class":95},[44,106544,99],{"class":58},[44,106546,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555,106557,106559,106561,106563],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106548,2701],{"class":50},[44,106550,55],{"class":54},[44,106552,59],{"class":58},[44,106554,2173],{"class":95},[44,106556,83],{"class":58},[44,106558,1017],{"class":95},[44,106560,83],{"class":58},[44,106562,2574],{"class":95},[44,106564,99],{"class":58},[44,106566,106567],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,106568,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,106570,106571,106573,106575,106577,106579,106582,106584,106586],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,106572,1340],{"class":50},[44,106574,55],{"class":54},[44,106576,56820],{"class":50},[44,106578,108],{"class":58},[44,106580,106581],{"class":111},"intersection",[44,106583,157],{"class":58},[44,106585,1005],{"class":111},[44,106587,162],{"class":58},[44,106589,106590,106592,106594,106596],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,106591,154],{"class":153},[44,106593,157],{"class":58},[44,106595,1376],{"class":111},[44,106597,162],{"class":58},[44,106599,106600],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,106601,106602],{"class":168},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106604,172,106605,106607],{},[15,106606,102729],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106609,13092,106611,13095],{"id":106610},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106612,102729],{},[20,106614,106615,106617],{},[15,106616,102729],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106619,13148],{},[192,106621,106622,106625,106627,106630],{},[195,106623,106624],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[195,106626,100499],{},[195,106628,106629],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[195,106631,106632],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106634,96262,106635,108],{},[395,106636,96266],{"href":96265},[30,106638,402],{"id":401},[35,106640,106642],{"className":37,"code":106641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106643,106644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106645,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106647,100523],{"class":50},[44,106649,108],{"class":58},[44,106651,106581],{"class":111},[44,106653,157],{"class":58},[44,106655,100532],{"class":111},[44,106657,162],{"class":58},[20,106659,106660],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106662,106664],{"className":37,"code":106663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106665,106666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106667,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106669,100523],{"class":50},[44,106671,108],{"class":58},[44,106673,106581],{"class":111},[44,106675,157],{"class":58},[44,106677,100532],{"class":111},[44,106679,83],{"class":58},[44,106681,100559],{"class":111},[44,106683,162],{"class":58},[20,106685,106686],{},"Important notes:",[192,106688,106689,106692,106695],{},[195,106690,106691],{},"The result is always a new set",[195,106693,106694],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[195,106696,106697],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106699,223],{},[35,106701,106703],{"className":37,"code":106702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106704,106705,106729,106749,106753,106771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106706,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106708,2673],{"class":50},[44,106710,55],{"class":54},[44,106712,59],{"class":58},[44,106714,3108],{"class":95},[44,106716,83],{"class":58},[44,106718,1012],{"class":95},[44,106720,83],{"class":58},[44,106722,1017],{"class":95},[44,106724,83],{"class":58},[44,106726,2574],{"class":95},[44,106728,99],{"class":58},[44,106730,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741,106743,106745,106747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106732,2701],{"class":50},[44,106734,55],{"class":54},[44,106736,59],{"class":58},[44,106738,2179],{"class":95},[44,106740,83],{"class":58},[44,106742,2574],{"class":95},[44,106744,83],{"class":58},[44,106746,4736],{"class":95},[44,106748,99],{"class":58},[44,106750,106751],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,106752,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,106754,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,106756,1340],{"class":50},[44,106758,55],{"class":54},[44,106760,56820],{"class":50},[44,106762,108],{"class":58},[44,106764,106581],{"class":111},[44,106766,157],{"class":58},[44,106768,1005],{"class":111},[44,106770,162],{"class":58},[44,106772,106773,106775,106777,106779],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,106774,154],{"class":153},[44,106776,157],{"class":58},[44,106778,1376],{"class":111},[44,106780,162],{"class":58},[20,106782,330],{},[35,106784,106786],{"className":37,"code":106785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106787,106788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106789,106790,106792,106794,106796,106798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106791,340],{"class":58},[44,106793,2179],{"class":95},[44,106795,83],{"class":58},[44,106797,2574],{"class":95},[44,106799,99],{"class":58},[30,106801,1293],{"id":1292},[20,106803,106804,22046,106806,108],{},[15,106805,102729],{},[3868,106807,6416],{},[20,106809,106810],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106812,106814],{"className":37,"code":106813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106815,106816,106836,106856,106860,106878,106882,106892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106817,106818,106820,106822,106824,106826,106828,106830,106832,106834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106819,2673],{"class":50},[44,106821,55],{"class":54},[44,106823,59],{"class":58},[44,106825,3108],{"class":95},[44,106827,83],{"class":58},[44,106829,1012],{"class":95},[44,106831,83],{"class":58},[44,106833,1017],{"class":95},[44,106835,99],{"class":58},[44,106837,106838,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106839,2701],{"class":50},[44,106841,55],{"class":54},[44,106843,59],{"class":58},[44,106845,2173],{"class":95},[44,106847,83],{"class":58},[44,106849,1017],{"class":95},[44,106851,83],{"class":58},[44,106853,2574],{"class":95},[44,106855,99],{"class":58},[44,106857,106858],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,106859,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,106861,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,106863,1340],{"class":50},[44,106865,55],{"class":54},[44,106867,56820],{"class":50},[44,106869,108],{"class":58},[44,106871,106581],{"class":111},[44,106873,157],{"class":58},[44,106875,1005],{"class":111},[44,106877,162],{"class":58},[44,106879,106880],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,106881,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,106883,106884,106886,106888,106890],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,106885,154],{"class":153},[44,106887,157],{"class":58},[44,106889,1376],{"class":111},[44,106891,162],{"class":58},[44,106893,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,106895,154],{"class":153},[44,106897,157],{"class":58},[44,106899,1862],{"class":1861},[44,106901,157],{"class":58},[44,106903,1376],{"class":111},[44,106905,1869],{"class":58},[20,106907,330],{},[35,106909,106911],{"className":37,"code":106910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106912,106913,106925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106914,106915,106917,106919,106921,106923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106916,340],{"class":58},[44,106918,2173],{"class":95},[44,106920,83],{"class":58},[44,106922,1017],{"class":95},[44,106924,99],{"class":58},[44,106926,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935,106937],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106928,3411],{"class":54},[44,106930,3414],{"class":2182},[44,106932,352],{"class":62},[44,106934,6416],{"class":66},[44,106936,343],{"class":62},[44,106938,3423],{"class":54},[20,106940,85747],{},[192,106942,106943,106946],{},[195,106944,106945],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[195,106947,106948],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,106950,11581],{"id":11580},[20,106952,106953],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106955,106957],{"className":37,"code":106956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106958,106959,106992,107025,107029,107050,107054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106960,106961,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106962,106963],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106965,55],{"class":54},[44,106967,59],{"class":58},[44,106969,63],{"class":62},[44,106971,13189],{"class":66},[44,106973,63],{"class":62},[44,106975,83],{"class":58},[44,106977,75],{"class":62},[44,106979,13206],{"class":66},[44,106981,63],{"class":62},[44,106983,83],{"class":58},[44,106985,75],{"class":62},[44,106987,17534],{"class":66},[44,106989,63],{"class":62},[44,106991,99],{"class":58},[44,106993,106994,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,106995,106996],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106998,55],{"class":54},[44,107000,59],{"class":58},[44,107002,63],{"class":62},[44,107004,17534],{"class":66},[44,107006,63],{"class":62},[44,107008,83],{"class":58},[44,107010,75],{"class":62},[44,107012,22594],{"class":66},[44,107014,63],{"class":62},[44,107016,83],{"class":58},[44,107018,75],{"class":62},[44,107020,13206],{"class":66},[44,107022,63],{"class":62},[44,107024,99],{"class":58},[44,107026,107027],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107028,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107030,107031,107034,107036,107039,107041,107043,107045,107048],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107032,107033],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,107035,55],{"class":54},[44,107037,107038],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,107040,108],{"class":58},[44,107042,106581],{"class":111},[44,107044,157],{"class":58},[44,107046,107047],{"class":111},"colors2",[44,107049,162],{"class":58},[44,107051,107052],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,107053,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107055,107056,107058,107060,107063],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,107057,154],{"class":153},[44,107059,157],{"class":58},[44,107061,107062],{"class":111},"common_colors",[44,107064,162],{"class":58},[20,107066,330],{},[35,107068,107070],{"className":37,"code":107069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107071,107072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107073,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086,107088,107090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107075,340],{"class":58},[44,107077,343],{"class":62},[44,107079,13206],{"class":66},[44,107081,343],{"class":62},[44,107083,83],{"class":58},[44,107085,352],{"class":62},[44,107087,17534],{"class":66},[44,107089,343],{"class":62},[44,107091,99],{"class":58},[20,107093,11788],{},[192,107095,107096,107102,107106,107111],{},[195,107097,107098,107101],{},[15,107099,107100],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[195,107103,107104,107101],{},[15,107105,107047],{},[195,107107,107108,107110],{},[15,107109,102729],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[195,107112,107113,107114],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107115,107062],{},[30,107117,567,107119,101096],{"id":107118},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107120,102729],{},[20,107122,107123,107124,108],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107125,102729],{},[20,107127,107128,107129,107131],{},"Only the values found in ",[3868,107130,3840],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,107133,107135],{"className":37,"code":107134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107136,107137,107161,107185,107205,107209,107231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107138,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107140,2673],{"class":50},[44,107142,55],{"class":54},[44,107144,59],{"class":58},[44,107146,3108],{"class":95},[44,107148,83],{"class":58},[44,107150,1012],{"class":95},[44,107152,83],{"class":58},[44,107154,1017],{"class":95},[44,107156,83],{"class":58},[44,107158,2574],{"class":95},[44,107160,99],{"class":58},[44,107162,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175,107177,107179,107181,107183],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107164,2701],{"class":50},[44,107166,55],{"class":54},[44,107168,59],{"class":58},[44,107170,2173],{"class":95},[44,107172,83],{"class":58},[44,107174,1017],{"class":95},[44,107176,83],{"class":58},[44,107178,2574],{"class":95},[44,107180,83],{"class":58},[44,107182,4736],{"class":95},[44,107184,99],{"class":58},[44,107186,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195,107197,107199,107201,107203],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107188,83121],{"class":50},[44,107190,55],{"class":54},[44,107192,59],{"class":58},[44,107194,2179],{"class":95},[44,107196,83],{"class":58},[44,107198,2574],{"class":95},[44,107200,83],{"class":58},[44,107202,37568],{"class":95},[44,107204,99],{"class":58},[44,107206,107207],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107208,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107210,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,107212,1340],{"class":50},[44,107214,55],{"class":54},[44,107216,56820],{"class":50},[44,107218,108],{"class":58},[44,107220,106581],{"class":111},[44,107222,157],{"class":58},[44,107224,1005],{"class":111},[44,107226,83],{"class":58},[44,107228,9797],{"class":111},[44,107230,162],{"class":58},[44,107232,107233,107235,107237,107239],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,107234,154],{"class":153},[44,107236,157],{"class":58},[44,107238,1376],{"class":111},[44,107240,162],{"class":58},[20,107242,330],{},[35,107244,107245],{"className":37,"code":106785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107246,107247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107248,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107250,340],{"class":58},[44,107252,2179],{"class":95},[44,107254,83],{"class":58},[44,107256,2574],{"class":95},[44,107258,99],{"class":58},[20,107260,107261],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107263,107264],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,107266,107268],{"className":37,"code":107267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107269,107270,107294,107298,107338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107271,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107273,2673],{"class":50},[44,107275,55],{"class":54},[44,107277,59],{"class":58},[44,107279,3108],{"class":95},[44,107281,83],{"class":58},[44,107283,1012],{"class":95},[44,107285,83],{"class":58},[44,107287,1017],{"class":95},[44,107289,83],{"class":58},[44,107291,2574],{"class":95},[44,107293,99],{"class":58},[44,107295,107296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107297,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107299,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107301,1340],{"class":50},[44,107303,55],{"class":54},[44,107305,56820],{"class":50},[44,107307,108],{"class":58},[44,107309,106581],{"class":111},[44,107311,3105],{"class":58},[44,107313,2173],{"class":95},[44,107315,83],{"class":58},[44,107317,2574],{"class":95},[44,107319,83],{"class":58},[44,107321,37568],{"class":95},[44,107323,18140],{"class":58},[44,107325,857],{"class":58},[44,107327,3108],{"class":95},[44,107329,83],{"class":58},[44,107331,1012],{"class":95},[44,107333,83],{"class":58},[44,107335,2574],{"class":95},[44,107337,1869],{"class":58},[44,107339,107340,107342,107344,107346],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107341,154],{"class":153},[44,107343,157],{"class":58},[44,107345,1376],{"class":111},[44,107347,162],{"class":58},[20,107349,330],{},[35,107351,107353],{"className":37,"code":107352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107354,107355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107356,107357,107359,107361,107363,107365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107358,340],{"class":58},[44,107360,2173],{"class":95},[44,107362,83],{"class":58},[44,107364,2574],{"class":95},[44,107366,99],{"class":58},[30,107368,107370,10698,107372],{"id":107369},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107371,102729],{},[15,107373,107374],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107376,101266],{},[1960,107378,107379],{"id":106581},[15,107380,102729],{},[192,107382,107383,107385],{},[195,107384,101275],{},[195,107386,101278],{},[35,107388,107390],{"className":37,"code":107389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107391,107392,107412,107432,107436,107454,107458,107468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107395,2673],{"class":50},[44,107397,55],{"class":54},[44,107399,59],{"class":58},[44,107401,3108],{"class":95},[44,107403,83],{"class":58},[44,107405,1012],{"class":95},[44,107407,83],{"class":58},[44,107409,1017],{"class":95},[44,107411,99],{"class":58},[44,107413,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424,107426,107428,107430],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107415,2701],{"class":50},[44,107417,55],{"class":54},[44,107419,59],{"class":58},[44,107421,2173],{"class":95},[44,107423,83],{"class":58},[44,107425,1017],{"class":95},[44,107427,83],{"class":58},[44,107429,2574],{"class":95},[44,107431,99],{"class":58},[44,107433,107434],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107435,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107437,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446,107448,107450,107452],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107439,1340],{"class":50},[44,107441,55],{"class":54},[44,107443,56820],{"class":50},[44,107445,108],{"class":58},[44,107447,106581],{"class":111},[44,107449,157],{"class":58},[44,107451,1005],{"class":111},[44,107453,162],{"class":58},[44,107455,107456],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,107457,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107459,107460,107462,107464,107466],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,107461,154],{"class":153},[44,107463,157],{"class":58},[44,107465,395],{"class":111},[44,107467,162],{"class":58},[44,107469,107470,107472,107474,107476],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,107471,154],{"class":153},[44,107473,157],{"class":58},[44,107475,1376],{"class":111},[44,107477,162],{"class":58},[20,107479,330],{},[35,107481,107483],{"className":37,"code":107482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107484,107485,107501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107486,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107488,340],{"class":58},[44,107490,3108],{"class":95},[44,107492,83],{"class":58},[44,107494,1012],{"class":95},[44,107496,83],{"class":58},[44,107498,1017],{"class":95},[44,107500,99],{"class":58},[44,107502,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107504,340],{"class":58},[44,107506,2173],{"class":95},[44,107508,83],{"class":58},[44,107510,1017],{"class":95},[44,107512,99],{"class":58},[1960,107514,107516],{"id":107515},"intersection_update",[15,107517,107374],{},[192,107519,107520,107522],{},[195,107521,101418],{},[195,107523,107524],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107526,107528],{"className":37,"code":107527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107529,107530,107550,107570,107574,107588,107592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107531,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107533,2673],{"class":50},[44,107535,55],{"class":54},[44,107537,59],{"class":58},[44,107539,3108],{"class":95},[44,107541,83],{"class":58},[44,107543,1012],{"class":95},[44,107545,83],{"class":58},[44,107547,1017],{"class":95},[44,107549,99],{"class":58},[44,107551,107552,107554,107556,107558,107560,107562,107564,107566,107568],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107553,2701],{"class":50},[44,107555,55],{"class":54},[44,107557,59],{"class":58},[44,107559,2173],{"class":95},[44,107561,83],{"class":58},[44,107563,1017],{"class":95},[44,107565,83],{"class":58},[44,107567,2574],{"class":95},[44,107569,99],{"class":58},[44,107571,107572],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107573,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107575,107576,107578,107580,107582,107584,107586],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107577,395],{"class":50},[44,107579,108],{"class":58},[44,107581,107515],{"class":111},[44,107583,157],{"class":58},[44,107585,1005],{"class":111},[44,107587,162],{"class":58},[44,107589,107590],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,107591,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107593,107594,107596,107598,107600],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,107595,154],{"class":153},[44,107597,157],{"class":58},[44,107599,395],{"class":111},[44,107601,162],{"class":58},[20,107603,330],{},[35,107605,107607],{"className":37,"code":107606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107608,107609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107610,107611,107613,107615,107617,107619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107612,340],{"class":58},[44,107614,2173],{"class":95},[44,107616,83],{"class":58},[44,107618,1017],{"class":95},[44,107620,99],{"class":58},[20,107622,107623,107624,107626],{},"Choose ",[15,107625,102729],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107628,4649],{"id":4648},[20,107630,14820,107631,72],{},[15,107632,102729],{},[192,107634,107635,107638,107641,107644],{},[195,107636,107637],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[195,107639,107640],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[195,107642,107643],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[195,107645,107646,107647],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107648,102729],{},[20,107650,107651],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[192,107653,107654,107659,107662,107675],{},[195,107655,567,107656,107658],{},[15,107657,102729],{}," when order matters",[195,107660,107661],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[195,107663,37128,107664,8835,107666,2997,107671],{},[15,107665,102729],{},[395,107667,107669],{"href":107668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107670,102737],{},[395,107672,107673],{"href":102778},[15,107674,100352],{},[195,107676,107677],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107679,30202],{},[35,107681,107683],{"className":37,"code":107682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107684,107685,107695,107709,107727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107686,107687,107689,107691,107693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107688,154],{"class":153},[44,107690,157],{"class":58},[44,107692,15751],{"class":111},[44,107694,162],{"class":58},[44,107696,107697,107699,107701,107703,107705,107707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107698,154],{"class":153},[44,107700,157],{"class":58},[44,107702,1862],{"class":1861},[44,107704,157],{"class":58},[44,107706,1376],{"class":111},[44,107708,1869],{"class":58},[44,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107712,154],{"class":153},[44,107714,157],{"class":58},[44,107716,100523],{"class":111},[44,107718,108],{"class":58},[44,107720,106581],{"class":111},[44,107722,157],{"class":58},[44,107724,100532],{"class":111},[44,107726,1869],{"class":58},[44,107728,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107730,154],{"class":153},[44,107732,157],{"class":58},[44,107734,11271],{"class":153},[44,107736,157],{"class":58},[44,107738,1376],{"class":111},[44,107740,1869],{"class":58},[20,107742,223],{},[35,107744,107746],{"className":37,"code":107745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107747,107748,107772,107792,107796,107814,107818,107828,107838,107852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107749,107750,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762,107764,107766,107768,107770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107751,3741],{"class":50},[44,107753,55],{"class":54},[44,107755,59],{"class":58},[44,107757,3108],{"class":95},[44,107759,83],{"class":58},[44,107761,1012],{"class":95},[44,107763,83],{"class":58},[44,107765,1012],{"class":95},[44,107767,83],{"class":58},[44,107769,1017],{"class":95},[44,107771,99],{"class":58},[44,107773,107774,107776,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788,107790],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107775,43477],{"class":50},[44,107777,55],{"class":54},[44,107779,59],{"class":58},[44,107781,2173],{"class":95},[44,107783,83],{"class":58},[44,107785,1017],{"class":95},[44,107787,83],{"class":58},[44,107789,2574],{"class":95},[44,107791,99],{"class":58},[44,107793,107794],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107795,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107797,107798,107800,107802,107804,107806,107808,107810,107812],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107799,1340],{"class":50},[44,107801,55],{"class":54},[44,107803,4392],{"class":50},[44,107805,108],{"class":58},[44,107807,106581],{"class":111},[44,107809,157],{"class":58},[44,107811,424],{"class":111},[44,107813,162],{"class":58},[44,107815,107816],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,107817,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,107819,107820,107822,107824,107826],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,107821,154],{"class":153},[44,107823,157],{"class":58},[44,107825,3773],{"class":111},[44,107827,162],{"class":58},[44,107829,107830,107832,107834,107836],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,107831,154],{"class":153},[44,107833,157],{"class":58},[44,107835,1376],{"class":111},[44,107837,162],{"class":58},[44,107839,107840,107842,107844,107846,107848,107850],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,107841,154],{"class":153},[44,107843,157],{"class":58},[44,107845,1862],{"class":1861},[44,107847,157],{"class":58},[44,107849,1376],{"class":111},[44,107851,1869],{"class":58},[44,107853,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862,107864],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,107855,154],{"class":153},[44,107857,157],{"class":58},[44,107859,11271],{"class":153},[44,107861,157],{"class":58},[44,107863,1376],{"class":111},[44,107865,1869],{"class":58},[20,107867,330],{},[35,107869,107871],{"className":37,"code":107870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107872,107873,107889,107901,107915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107874,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107876,340],{"class":58},[44,107878,3108],{"class":95},[44,107880,83],{"class":58},[44,107882,1012],{"class":95},[44,107884,83],{"class":58},[44,107886,1017],{"class":95},[44,107888,99],{"class":58},[44,107890,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,107892,340],{"class":58},[44,107894,2173],{"class":95},[44,107896,83],{"class":58},[44,107898,1017],{"class":95},[44,107900,99],{"class":58},[44,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,107904,3411],{"class":54},[44,107906,3414],{"class":2182},[44,107908,352],{"class":62},[44,107910,6416],{"class":66},[44,107912,343],{"class":62},[44,107914,3423],{"class":54},[44,107916,107917],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,107918,17137],{"class":95},[20,107920,107921,107922,107924],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107923,2173],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,107926,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,107928,1963,107930,102677],{"id":107929},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107931,102729],{},[20,107933,102680],{},[1960,107935,1984,107937,107939],{"id":107936},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107938,102729],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107941,107942],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1960,107944,107946],{"id":107945},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107948,107949],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1960,107951,107953],{"id":107952},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107955,107956],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107958,107959],{"className":37,"code":97396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107960,107961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107962,107963,107965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107964,6416],{"class":1861},[44,107966,1635],{"class":58},[30,107968,2020],{"id":2019},[192,107970,107971,107975,107982,107988],{},[195,107972,107973],{},[395,107974,96266],{"href":96265},[195,107976,107977],{},[395,107978,3697,107979,10852],{"href":107668},[15,107980,107981],{},"set.union()",[195,107983,107984],{},[395,107985,3697,107986,10852],{"href":102778},[15,107987,100357],{},[195,107989,107990],{},[395,107991,100282],{"href":105281},[2048,107993,107994],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":107996},[107997,107999,108000,108001,108002,108004,108009,108010,108018],{"id":106610,"depth":102,"text":107998},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":107118,"depth":102,"text":108003},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107369,"depth":102,"text":108005,"children":108006},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108007,108008],{"id":106581,"depth":150,"text":102729},{"id":107515,"depth":150,"text":107374},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":108011},[108012,108014,108016,108017],{"id":107929,"depth":150,"text":108013},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107936,"depth":150,"text":108015},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107945,"depth":150,"text":107946},{"id":107952,"depth":150,"text":107953},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106503,"description":108019},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108026,"title":108027,"body":108028,"description":109264,"extension":2080,"meta":109265,"navigation":682,"path":109266,"seo":109267,"stem":109268,"__hash__":109269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108029,"toc":109231},[108030,108035,108041,108050,108052,108127,108132,108147,108157,108162,108166,108179,108183,108185,108200,108202,108218,108220,108295,108299,108302,108304,108321,108326,108381,108386,108398,108402,108405,108506,108508,108549,108552,108556,108563,108565,108590,108593,108611,108618,108624,108627,108709,108716,108719,108799,108808,108811,108816,108820,108834,108883,108888,108892,108903,108952,108963,108968,108972,108984,109033,109044,109046,109050,109073,109075,109132,109134,109148,109150,109156,109162,109168,109177,109181,109188,109192,109200,109202,109228],[10,108031,96138,108033,18],{"id":108032},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108034,12861],{},[20,108036,108037,108040],{},[15,108038,108039],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108042,108043,108044,108046,108047,108049],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3868,108045,4762],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108048,12861],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,108051,33],{"id":32},[35,108053,108055],{"className":37,"code":108054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108056,108057,108089,108103,108107,108117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108058,108059,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108060,7910],{"class":50},[44,108062,55],{"class":54},[44,108064,59],{"class":58},[44,108066,63],{"class":62},[44,108068,4207],{"class":66},[44,108070,63],{"class":62},[44,108072,83],{"class":58},[44,108074,75],{"class":62},[44,108076,4216],{"class":66},[44,108078,63],{"class":62},[44,108080,83],{"class":58},[44,108082,75],{"class":62},[44,108084,4225],{"class":66},[44,108086,63],{"class":62},[44,108088,99],{"class":58},[44,108090,108091,108093,108095,108097,108099,108101],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108092,69869],{"class":50},[44,108094,55],{"class":54},[44,108096,6095],{"class":50},[44,108098,108],{"class":58},[44,108100,26309],{"class":111},[44,108102,1635],{"class":58},[44,108104,108105],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108106,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,108108,108109,108111,108113,108115],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,108110,154],{"class":153},[44,108112,157],{"class":58},[44,108114,69892],{"class":111},[44,108116,162],{"class":58},[44,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,108120,154],{"class":153},[44,108122,157],{"class":58},[44,108124,7940],{"class":111},[44,108126,162],{"class":58},[20,108128,108129],{},[3868,108130,108131],{},"What this does:",[192,108133,108134,108139,108144],{},[195,108135,108136,108137],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108138,7940],{},[195,108140,108141,108142],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108143,69892],{},[195,108145,108146],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108148,108149,88898,108151,108153,108154,108156],{},[3868,108150,83756],{},[15,108152,108039],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3868,108155,4762],{}," chosen by index.",[30,108158,179,108160,182],{"id":108159},"what-setpop-does",[15,108161,108039],{},[20,108163,108164,72],{},[15,108165,108039],{},[192,108167,108168,108170,108173,108176],{},[195,108169,102980],{},[195,108171,108172],{},"Returns the removed item",[195,108174,108175],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[195,108177,108178],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108180,96262,108181,108],{},[395,108182,96266],{"href":97437},[30,108184,402],{"id":401},[35,108186,108188],{"className":37,"code":108187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108189,108190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108191,108192,108194,108196,108198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108193,15751],{"class":50},[44,108195,108],{"class":58},[44,108197,26309],{"class":111},[44,108199,1635],{"class":58},[20,108201,13148],{},[192,108203,108204,108210,108215],{},[195,108205,108206,108207],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108208,108209],{},"my_set.pop()",[195,108211,108212,108213],{},"It takes ",[3868,108214,28756],{},[195,108216,108217],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108219,223],{},[35,108221,108223],{"className":37,"code":108222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108224,108225,108257,108271,108275,108285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108226,108227,108229,108231,108233,108235,108237,108239,108241,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253,108255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108228,13172],{"class":50},[44,108230,55],{"class":54},[44,108232,59],{"class":58},[44,108234,63],{"class":62},[44,108236,13189],{"class":66},[44,108238,63],{"class":62},[44,108240,83],{"class":58},[44,108242,75],{"class":62},[44,108244,13206],{"class":66},[44,108246,63],{"class":62},[44,108248,83],{"class":58},[44,108250,75],{"class":62},[44,108252,17534],{"class":66},[44,108254,63],{"class":62},[44,108256,99],{"class":58},[44,108258,108259,108261,108263,108265,108267,108269],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108260,28606],{"class":50},[44,108262,55],{"class":54},[44,108264,13220],{"class":50},[44,108266,108],{"class":58},[44,108268,26309],{"class":111},[44,108270,1635],{"class":58},[44,108272,108273],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108274,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,108276,108277,108279,108281,108283],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,108278,154],{"class":153},[44,108280,157],{"class":58},[44,108282,23381],{"class":111},[44,108284,162],{"class":58},[44,108286,108287,108289,108291,108293],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,108288,154],{"class":153},[44,108290,157],{"class":58},[44,108292,17581],{"class":111},[44,108294,162],{"class":58},[30,108296,108298],{"id":108297},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108300,108301],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108303,2224],{},[192,108305,108306,108312,108315],{},[195,108307,108308,108309,108311],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108310,12861],{}," removes",[195,108313,108314],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[195,108316,108317,108318,108320],{},"You should not use ",[15,108319,12861],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108322,10575,108323,108325],{},[3868,108324,4762],{}," valid:",[35,108327,108329],{"className":37,"code":108328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108330,108331,108363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108332,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341,108343,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108334,36162],{"class":50},[44,108336,55],{"class":54},[44,108338,59],{"class":58},[44,108340,63],{"class":62},[44,108342,4207],{"class":66},[44,108344,63],{"class":62},[44,108346,83],{"class":58},[44,108348,75],{"class":62},[44,108350,4216],{"class":66},[44,108352,63],{"class":62},[44,108354,83],{"class":58},[44,108356,75],{"class":62},[44,108358,4225],{"class":66},[44,108360,63],{"class":62},[44,108362,99],{"class":58},[44,108364,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108377,108379],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108366,36214],{"class":50},[44,108368,108],{"class":58},[44,108370,26309],{"class":111},[44,108372,157],{"class":58},[44,108374,63],{"class":62},[44,108376,4207],{"class":66},[44,108378,63],{"class":62},[44,108380,162],{"class":58},[20,108382,39579,108383,108385],{},[15,108384,108039],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108387,108388,108389,2997,108393,108],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[395,108390,108391],{"href":98147},[15,108392,102806],{},[395,108394,108396],{"href":108395},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108397,102797],{},[30,108399,108401],{"id":108400},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108403,108404],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108406,108408],{"className":37,"code":108407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108409,108410,108444,108448,108464,108468,108487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108411,108412,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108440,108442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108413,108414],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108416,55],{"class":54},[44,108418,59],{"class":58},[44,108420,63],{"class":62},[44,108422,36971],{"class":66},[44,108424,63],{"class":62},[44,108426,83],{"class":58},[44,108428,75],{"class":62},[44,108430,58060],{"class":66},[44,108432,63],{"class":62},[44,108434,83],{"class":58},[44,108436,75],{"class":62},[44,108438,108439],{"class":66},"rabbit",[44,108441,63],{"class":62},[44,108443,99],{"class":58},[44,108445,108446],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108447,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,108449,108450,108453,108455,108458,108460,108462],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108451,108452],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108454,55],{"class":54},[44,108456,108457],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108459,108],{"class":58},[44,108461,26309],{"class":111},[44,108463,1635],{"class":58},[44,108465,108466],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,108467,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,108469,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480,108482,108485],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,108471,154],{"class":153},[44,108473,157],{"class":58},[44,108475,63],{"class":62},[44,108477,29022],{"class":66},[44,108479,63],{"class":62},[44,108481,83],{"class":58},[44,108483,108484],{"class":111}," removed_animal",[44,108486,162],{"class":58},[44,108488,108489,108491,108493,108495,108498,108500,108502,108504],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,108490,154],{"class":153},[44,108492,157],{"class":58},[44,108494,63],{"class":62},[44,108496,108497],{"class":66},"Updated set:",[44,108499,63],{"class":62},[44,108501,83],{"class":58},[44,108503,108457],{"class":111},[44,108505,162],{"class":58},[20,108507,30096],{},[35,108509,108511],{"className":37,"code":108510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108512,108513,108522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108514,108515,108517,108519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108516,29064],{"class":50},[44,108518,72],{"class":58},[44,108520,108521],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108523,108524,108527,108529,108531,108533,108535,108537,108539,108541,108543,108545,108547],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108525,108526],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108528,6416],{"class":1861},[44,108530,72],{"class":58},[44,108532,59],{"class":58},[44,108534,343],{"class":62},[44,108536,36971],{"class":66},[44,108538,343],{"class":62},[44,108540,83],{"class":58},[44,108542,352],{"class":62},[44,108544,108439],{"class":66},[44,108546,343],{"class":62},[44,108548,99],{"class":58},[20,108550,108551],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108553,108555],{"id":108554},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108557,29716,108558,108560,108561,108],{},[15,108559,12861],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108562,19764],{},[20,108564,223],{},[35,108566,108568],{"className":37,"code":108567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108569,108570,108580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108571,108572,108574,108576,108578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108573,7910],{"class":50},[44,108575,55],{"class":54},[44,108577,15718],{"class":1861},[44,108579,1635],{"class":58},[44,108581,108582,108584,108586,108588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108583,7940],{"class":50},[44,108585,108],{"class":58},[44,108587,26309],{"class":111},[44,108589,1635],{"class":58},[20,108591,108592],{},"This raises:",[35,108594,108596],{"className":37,"code":108595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108597,108598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108599,108600,108602,108604,108606,108609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108601,19764],{"class":1861},[44,108603,72],{"class":58},[44,108605,352],{"class":62},[44,108607,108608],{"class":66},"pop from an empty set",[44,108610,29766],{"class":62},[20,108612,108613,108614,108617],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[395,108615,108616],{"href":1953},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1960,108619,108621,108622],{"id":108620},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108623,12861],{},[20,108625,108626],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108628,108630],{"className":37,"code":108629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108631,108632,108642,108646,108654,108669,108688,108694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108633,108634,108636,108638,108640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108635,7910],{"class":50},[44,108637,55],{"class":54},[44,108639,15718],{"class":1861},[44,108641,1635],{"class":58},[44,108643,108644],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108645,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,108647,108648,108650,108652],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108649,7128],{"class":4002},[44,108651,6095],{"class":50},[44,108653,6523],{"class":58},[44,108655,108656,108659,108661,108663,108665,108667],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,108657,108658],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108660,55],{"class":54},[44,108662,6095],{"class":50},[44,108664,108],{"class":58},[44,108666,26309],{"class":111},[44,108668,1635],{"class":58},[44,108670,108671,108673,108675,108677,108679,108681,108683,108686],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,108672,8200],{"class":153},[44,108674,157],{"class":58},[44,108676,63],{"class":62},[44,108678,29022],{"class":66},[44,108680,63],{"class":62},[44,108682,83],{"class":58},[44,108684,108685],{"class":111}," removed",[44,108687,162],{"class":58},[44,108689,108690,108692],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,108691,27502],{"class":4002},[44,108693,6523],{"class":58},[44,108695,108696,108698,108700,108702,108705,108707],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,108697,8200],{"class":153},[44,108699,157],{"class":58},[44,108701,63],{"class":62},[44,108703,108704],{"class":66},"The set is empty.",[44,108706,63],{"class":62},[44,108708,162],{"class":58},[1960,108710,172,108712,4523,108714],{"id":108711},"use-try-and-except",[15,108713,29870],{},[15,108715,29901],{},[20,108717,108718],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108720,108722],{"className":37,"code":108721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108723,108724,108734,108738,108744,108758,108776,108784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108725,108726,108728,108730,108732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108727,7910],{"class":50},[44,108729,55],{"class":54},[44,108731,15718],{"class":1861},[44,108733,1635],{"class":58},[44,108735,108736],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108737,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,108739,108740,108742],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108741,29870],{"class":4002},[44,108743,6523],{"class":58},[44,108745,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,108747,108658],{"class":50},[44,108749,55],{"class":54},[44,108751,6095],{"class":50},[44,108753,108],{"class":58},[44,108755,26309],{"class":111},[44,108757,1635],{"class":58},[44,108759,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768,108770,108772,108774],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,108761,8200],{"class":153},[44,108763,157],{"class":58},[44,108765,63],{"class":62},[44,108767,29022],{"class":66},[44,108769,63],{"class":62},[44,108771,83],{"class":58},[44,108773,108685],{"class":111},[44,108775,162],{"class":58},[44,108777,108778,108780,108782],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,108779,29901],{"class":4002},[44,108781,29904],{"class":1861},[44,108783,6523],{"class":58},[44,108785,108786,108788,108790,108792,108795,108797],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,108787,8200],{"class":153},[44,108789,157],{"class":58},[44,108791,63],{"class":62},[44,108793,108794],{"class":66},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108796,63],{"class":62},[44,108798,162],{"class":58},[30,108800,1551,108802,10698,108804,10698,108806],{"id":108801},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108803,12861],{},[15,108805,55461],{},[15,108807,102792],{},[20,108809,108810],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1960,108812,172,108814],{"id":108813},"use-pop",[15,108815,12861],{},[20,108817,172,108818,1558],{},[15,108819,12861],{},[192,108821,108822,108828,108831],{},[195,108823,108824,108825],{},"You want to remove ",[3868,108826,108827],{},"any one item",[195,108829,108830],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[195,108832,108833],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108835,108837],{"className":37,"code":108836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108838,108839,108859,108873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108840,108841,108843,108845,108847,108849,108851,108853,108855,108857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108842,3741],{"class":50},[44,108844,55],{"class":54},[44,108846,59],{"class":58},[44,108848,3108],{"class":95},[44,108850,83],{"class":58},[44,108852,1012],{"class":95},[44,108854,83],{"class":58},[44,108856,1017],{"class":95},[44,108858,99],{"class":58},[44,108860,108861,108863,108865,108867,108869,108871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108862,2564],{"class":50},[44,108864,55],{"class":54},[44,108866,4392],{"class":50},[44,108868,108],{"class":58},[44,108870,26309],{"class":111},[44,108872,1635],{"class":58},[44,108874,108875,108877,108879,108881],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108876,154],{"class":153},[44,108878,157],{"class":58},[44,108880,2590],{"class":111},[44,108882,162],{"class":58},[1960,108884,172,108886],{"id":108885},"use-remove",[15,108887,55461],{},[20,108889,172,108890,1558],{},[15,108891,55461],{},[192,108893,108894,108900],{},[195,108895,108896,108897],{},"You want to delete a ",[3868,108898,108899],{},"specific item",[195,108901,108902],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108904,108906],{"className":37,"code":108905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108907,108908,108928,108942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108909,108910,108912,108914,108916,108918,108920,108922,108924,108926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108911,3741],{"class":50},[44,108913,55],{"class":54},[44,108915,59],{"class":58},[44,108917,3108],{"class":95},[44,108919,83],{"class":58},[44,108921,1012],{"class":95},[44,108923,83],{"class":58},[44,108925,1017],{"class":95},[44,108927,99],{"class":58},[44,108929,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938,108940],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,108931,3773],{"class":50},[44,108933,108],{"class":58},[44,108935,34715],{"class":111},[44,108937,157],{"class":58},[44,108939,2173],{"class":95},[44,108941,162],{"class":58},[44,108943,108944,108946,108948,108950],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,108945,154],{"class":153},[44,108947,157],{"class":58},[44,108949,3773],{"class":111},[44,108951,162],{"class":58},[20,108953,108954,108955,108957,108958,108962],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108956,55461],{}," raises an error. See the ",[395,108959,108960,10852],{"href":98147},[15,108961,102806],{}," for details.",[1960,108964,172,108966],{"id":108965},"use-discard",[15,108967,102792],{},[20,108969,172,108970,1558],{},[15,108971,102792],{},[192,108973,108974,108978],{},[195,108975,108896,108976],{},[3868,108977,108899],{},[195,108979,108980,108981,108983],{},"You do ",[3868,108982,4762],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108985,108987],{"className":37,"code":108986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108988,108989,109009,109023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108990,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005,109007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108992,3741],{"class":50},[44,108994,55],{"class":54},[44,108996,59],{"class":58},[44,108998,3108],{"class":95},[44,109000,83],{"class":58},[44,109002,1012],{"class":95},[44,109004,83],{"class":58},[44,109006,1017],{"class":95},[44,109008,99],{"class":58},[44,109010,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109012,3773],{"class":50},[44,109014,108],{"class":58},[44,109016,102859],{"class":111},[44,109018,157],{"class":58},[44,109020,2254],{"class":95},[44,109022,162],{"class":58},[44,109024,109025,109027,109029,109031],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,109026,154],{"class":153},[44,109028,157],{"class":58},[44,109030,3773],{"class":111},[44,109032,162],{"class":58},[20,109034,109035,109036,109038,109039,109043],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109037,2254],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[395,109040,109041,10852],{"href":108395},[15,109042,102797],{}," for more examples.",[30,109045,1803],{"id":1802},[20,109047,71415,109048,72],{},[15,109049,108039],{},[192,109051,109052,109058,109063,109068],{},[195,109053,109054,109055],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109056,109057],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[195,109059,1821,109060,109062],{},[15,109061,12861],{}," to remove the first or last item",[195,109064,29716,109065,109067],{},[15,109066,12861],{}," on an empty set",[195,109069,567,109070,109072],{},[15,109071,12861],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109074,62229],{},[35,109076,109078],{"className":37,"code":109077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109079,109080,109090,109104,109118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109081,109082,109084,109086,109088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109083,154],{"class":153},[44,109085,157],{"class":58},[44,109087,15751],{"class":111},[44,109089,162],{"class":58},[44,109091,109092,109094,109096,109098,109100,109102],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109093,154],{"class":153},[44,109095,157],{"class":58},[44,109097,11271],{"class":153},[44,109099,157],{"class":58},[44,109101,15751],{"class":111},[44,109103,1869],{"class":58},[44,109105,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,109107,154],{"class":153},[44,109109,157],{"class":58},[44,109111,1862],{"class":1861},[44,109113,157],{"class":58},[44,109115,15751],{"class":111},[44,109117,1869],{"class":58},[44,109119,109120,109122,109124,109126,109128,109130],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,109121,28606],{"class":50},[44,109123,55],{"class":54},[44,109125,96862],{"class":50},[44,109127,108],{"class":58},[44,109129,26309],{"class":111},[44,109131,1635],{"class":58},[20,109133,26077],{},[192,109135,109136,109139,109142,109145],{},[195,109137,109138],{},"What values are in the set",[195,109140,109141],{},"Whether the set is empty",[195,109143,109144],{},"That the object is really a set",[195,109146,109147],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,109149,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,109151,1963,109153,109155],{"id":109152},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109154,108039],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109157,109158,109159,109161],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109160,12861],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1960,109163,109165,109166,2610],{"id":109164},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109167,108039],{},[20,109169,109170,109171,109173,109174,109176],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109172,12861],{},", set ",[15,109175,12861],{}," does not accept an index.",[1960,109178,109180],{"id":109179},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109182,71584,109183,44558,109185,109187],{},[15,109184,19764],{},[15,109186,12861],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1960,109189,109191],{"id":109190},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109193,172,109194,2997,109196,11202,109198,108],{},[15,109195,55461],{},[15,109197,102792],{},[15,109199,12861],{},[30,109201,2020],{"id":2019},[192,109203,109204,109208,109214,109220,109224],{},[195,109205,109206],{},[395,109207,96266],{"href":97437},[195,109209,109210],{},[395,109211,96752,109212,10852],{"href":98147},[15,109213,55461],{},[195,109215,109216],{},[395,109217,96752,109218,10852],{"href":108395},[15,109219,102792],{},[195,109221,109222],{},[395,109223,1954],{"href":1953},[195,109225,109226],{},[395,109227,55447],{"href":54999},[2048,109229,109230],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":109232},[109233,109234,109236,109237,109238,109239,109245,109254,109255,109263],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":108159,"depth":102,"text":109235},"What set.pop() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":108297,"depth":102,"text":108298},{"id":108400,"depth":102,"text":108401},{"id":108554,"depth":102,"text":108555,"children":109240},[109241,109243],{"id":108620,"depth":150,"text":109242},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108711,"depth":150,"text":109244},"Use try and except",{"id":108801,"depth":102,"text":109246,"children":109247},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109248,109250,109252],{"id":108813,"depth":150,"text":109249},"Use pop()",{"id":108885,"depth":150,"text":109251},"Use remove()",{"id":108965,"depth":150,"text":109253},"Use discard()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":109256},[109257,109259,109261,109262],{"id":109152,"depth":150,"text":109258},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109164,"depth":150,"text":109260},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109179,"depth":150,"text":109180},{"id":109190,"depth":150,"text":109191},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108027,"description":109264},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109271,"title":109272,"body":109273,"description":110427,"extension":2080,"meta":110428,"navigation":682,"path":110429,"seo":110430,"stem":110431,"__hash__":110432},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109274,"toc":110395},[109275,109280,109285,109294,109296,109361,109365,109389,109396,109401,109405,109420,109423,109425,109444,109458,109461,109509,109513,109529,109531,109604,109608,109633,109639,109647,109651,109658,109713,109718,109735,109741,109747,109752,109760,109767,109771,109779,109834,109836,109853,109857,109864,109929,109933,109966,109968,109980,109987,109989,109994,110001,110003,110072,110076,110084,110086,110150,110154,110159,110206,110211,110279,110287,110294,110297,110303,110308,110312,110314,110317,110319,110324,110329,110335,110340,110347,110355,110361,110364,110366,110392],[10,109276,96138,109278,18],{"id":109277},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109279,55461],{},[20,109281,109282,109284],{},[15,109283,102806],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109286,109287,109288,109291,109292,108],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3868,109289,109290],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109293,19764],{},[30,109295,33],{"id":32},[35,109297,109299],{"className":37,"code":109298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109300,109301,109333,109351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109302,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109304,13172],{"class":50},[44,109306,55],{"class":54},[44,109308,59],{"class":58},[44,109310,63],{"class":62},[44,109312,13189],{"class":66},[44,109314,63],{"class":62},[44,109316,83],{"class":58},[44,109318,75],{"class":62},[44,109320,13206],{"class":66},[44,109322,63],{"class":62},[44,109324,83],{"class":58},[44,109326,75],{"class":62},[44,109328,17534],{"class":66},[44,109330,63],{"class":62},[44,109332,99],{"class":58},[44,109334,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109336,17581],{"class":50},[44,109338,108],{"class":58},[44,109340,34715],{"class":111},[44,109342,157],{"class":58},[44,109344,63],{"class":62},[44,109346,13206],{"class":66},[44,109348,63],{"class":62},[44,109350,162],{"class":58},[44,109352,109353,109355,109357,109359],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,109354,154],{"class":153},[44,109356,157],{"class":58},[44,109358,17581],{"class":111},[44,109360,162],{"class":58},[20,109362,109363],{},[3868,109364,30096],{},[35,109366,109367],{"className":37,"code":103486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109368,109369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109370,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109372,340],{"class":58},[44,109374,343],{"class":62},[44,109376,13189],{"class":66},[44,109378,343],{"class":62},[44,109380,83],{"class":58},[44,109382,352],{"class":62},[44,109384,17534],{"class":66},[44,109386,343],{"class":62},[44,109388,99],{"class":58},[20,109390,172,109391,109393,109394,108],{},[15,109392,55461],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109395,19764],{},[30,109397,179,109399,182],{"id":109398},"what-setremove-does",[15,109400,102806],{},[20,109402,109403,72],{},[15,109404,102806],{},[192,109406,109407,109410,109412,109414],{},[195,109408,109409],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[195,109411,96253],{},[195,109413,96256],{},[195,109415,109416,109417,109419],{},"Raises ",[15,109418,19764],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109421,109422],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109424,402],{"id":401},[35,109426,109428],{"className":37,"code":109427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109429,109430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109431,109432,109434,109436,109438,109440,109442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109433,15751],{"class":50},[44,109435,108],{"class":58},[44,109437,34715],{"class":111},[44,109439,157],{"class":58},[44,109441,2590],{"class":111},[44,109443,162],{"class":58},[192,109445,109446,109450,109455],{},[195,109447,109448,103028],{},[15,109449,15751],{},[195,109451,109452,109454],{},[15,109453,2590],{}," is the item to remove",[195,109456,109457],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109459,109460],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109462,109463],{"className":37,"code":108905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109464,109465,109485,109499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109466,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109468,3741],{"class":50},[44,109470,55],{"class":54},[44,109472,59],{"class":58},[44,109474,3108],{"class":95},[44,109476,83],{"class":58},[44,109478,1012],{"class":95},[44,109480,83],{"class":58},[44,109482,1017],{"class":95},[44,109484,99],{"class":58},[44,109486,109487,109489,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109488,3773],{"class":50},[44,109490,108],{"class":58},[44,109492,34715],{"class":111},[44,109494,157],{"class":58},[44,109496,2173],{"class":95},[44,109498,162],{"class":58},[44,109500,109501,109503,109505,109507],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,109502,154],{"class":153},[44,109504,157],{"class":58},[44,109506,3773],{"class":111},[44,109508,162],{"class":58},[20,109510,109511],{},[3868,109512,30096],{},[35,109514,109515],{"className":37,"code":101236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109516,109517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109518,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109520,340],{"class":58},[44,109522,3108],{"class":95},[44,109524,83],{"class":58},[44,109526,1017],{"class":95},[44,109528,99],{"class":58},[30,109530,11581],{"id":11580},[35,109532,109534],{"className":37,"code":109533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109535,109536,109568,109572,109590,109594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109537,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109539,36162],{"class":50},[44,109541,55],{"class":54},[44,109543,59],{"class":58},[44,109545,63],{"class":62},[44,109547,4207],{"class":66},[44,109549,63],{"class":62},[44,109551,83],{"class":58},[44,109553,75],{"class":62},[44,109555,4216],{"class":66},[44,109557,63],{"class":62},[44,109559,83],{"class":58},[44,109561,75],{"class":62},[44,109563,33140],{"class":66},[44,109565,63],{"class":62},[44,109567,99],{"class":58},[44,109569,109570],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109571,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,109573,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,109575,36214],{"class":50},[44,109577,108],{"class":58},[44,109579,34715],{"class":111},[44,109581,157],{"class":58},[44,109583,63],{"class":62},[44,109585,4216],{"class":66},[44,109587,63],{"class":62},[44,109589,162],{"class":58},[44,109591,109592],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,109593,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,109595,109596,109598,109600,109602],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,109597,154],{"class":153},[44,109599,157],{"class":58},[44,109601,36214],{"class":111},[44,109603,162],{"class":58},[20,109605,109606],{},[3868,109607,30096],{},[35,109609,109611],{"className":37,"code":109610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109612,109613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109614,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109616,340],{"class":58},[44,109618,343],{"class":62},[44,109620,4207],{"class":66},[44,109622,343],{"class":62},[44,109624,83],{"class":58},[44,109626,352],{"class":62},[44,109628,33140],{"class":66},[44,109630,343],{"class":62},[44,109632,99],{"class":58},[20,109634,109635,109636,109638],{},"This removes ",[15,109637,65209],{}," from the set.",[20,109640,109641,109642,109644,109645,108],{},"A set does ",[3868,109643,4762],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[395,109646,96270],{"href":97821},[30,109648,109650],{"id":109649},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109652,109653,109654,52426,109656,108],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109655,55461],{},[15,109657,19764],{},[35,109659,109661],{"className":37,"code":109660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109662,109663,109695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109664,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109666,13172],{"class":50},[44,109668,55],{"class":54},[44,109670,59],{"class":58},[44,109672,63],{"class":62},[44,109674,13189],{"class":66},[44,109676,63],{"class":62},[44,109678,83],{"class":58},[44,109680,75],{"class":62},[44,109682,13206],{"class":66},[44,109684,63],{"class":62},[44,109686,83],{"class":58},[44,109688,75],{"class":62},[44,109690,17534],{"class":66},[44,109692,63],{"class":62},[44,109694,99],{"class":58},[44,109696,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109698,17581],{"class":50},[44,109700,108],{"class":58},[44,109702,34715],{"class":111},[44,109704,157],{"class":58},[44,109706,63],{"class":62},[44,109708,22594],{"class":66},[44,109710,63],{"class":62},[44,109712,162],{"class":58},[20,109714,109715],{},[3868,109716,109717],{},"Result:",[35,109719,109721],{"className":37,"code":109720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109722,109723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109724,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109726,19764],{"class":1861},[44,109728,72],{"class":58},[44,109730,352],{"class":62},[44,109732,22594],{"class":66},[44,109734,29766],{"class":62},[20,109736,22260,109737,109740],{},[15,109738,109739],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109742,109743,109744,109746],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109745,55461],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109748,109749,109750,108],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[395,109751,1954],{"href":1953},[30,109753,4327,109755,109757,109758],{"id":109754},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109756,55461],{}," is different from ",[15,109759,102792],{},[20,109761,109762,4523,109764,109766],{},[15,109763,55461],{},[15,109765,102792],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1960,109768,109769],{"id":34715},[15,109770,55461],{},[192,109772,109773,109776],{},[195,109774,109775],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[195,109777,109778],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109780,109782],{"className":37,"code":109781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109783,109784,109816],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109785,109786,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109787,36013],{"class":50},[44,109789,55],{"class":54},[44,109791,59],{"class":58},[44,109793,63],{"class":62},[44,109795,395],{"class":66},[44,109797,63],{"class":62},[44,109799,83],{"class":58},[44,109801,75],{"class":62},[44,109803,1005],{"class":66},[44,109805,63],{"class":62},[44,109807,83],{"class":58},[44,109809,75],{"class":62},[44,109811,9855],{"class":66},[44,109813,63],{"class":62},[44,109815,99],{"class":58},[44,109817,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109819,36066],{"class":50},[44,109821,108],{"class":58},[44,109823,34715],{"class":111},[44,109825,157],{"class":58},[44,109827,63],{"class":62},[44,109829,18844],{"class":66},[44,109831,63],{"class":62},[44,109833,162],{"class":58},[20,109835,108592],{},[35,109837,109839],{"className":37,"code":109838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109840,109841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109842,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109844,19764],{"class":1861},[44,109846,72],{"class":58},[44,109848,352],{"class":62},[44,109850,18844],{"class":66},[44,109852,29766],{"class":62},[1960,109854,109855],{"id":102859},[15,109856,102792],{},[192,109858,109859,109861],{},[195,109860,109775],{},[195,109862,109863],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109865,109867],{"className":37,"code":109866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109868,109869,109901,109919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109870,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109872,36013],{"class":50},[44,109874,55],{"class":54},[44,109876,59],{"class":58},[44,109878,63],{"class":62},[44,109880,395],{"class":66},[44,109882,63],{"class":62},[44,109884,83],{"class":58},[44,109886,75],{"class":62},[44,109888,1005],{"class":66},[44,109890,63],{"class":62},[44,109892,83],{"class":58},[44,109894,75],{"class":62},[44,109896,9855],{"class":66},[44,109898,63],{"class":62},[44,109900,99],{"class":58},[44,109902,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911,109913,109915,109917],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,109904,36066],{"class":50},[44,109906,108],{"class":58},[44,109908,102859],{"class":111},[44,109910,157],{"class":58},[44,109912,63],{"class":62},[44,109914,18844],{"class":66},[44,109916,63],{"class":62},[44,109918,162],{"class":58},[44,109920,109921,109923,109925,109927],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,109922,154],{"class":153},[44,109924,157],{"class":58},[44,109926,36066],{"class":111},[44,109928,162],{"class":58},[20,109930,109931],{},[3868,109932,330],{},[35,109934,109936],{"className":37,"code":109935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109937,109938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109939,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109941,340],{"class":58},[44,109943,343],{"class":62},[44,109945,395],{"class":66},[44,109947,343],{"class":62},[44,109949,83],{"class":58},[44,109951,352],{"class":62},[44,109953,1005],{"class":66},[44,109955,343],{"class":62},[44,109957,83],{"class":58},[44,109959,352],{"class":62},[44,109961,9855],{"class":66},[44,109963,343],{"class":62},[44,109965,99],{"class":58},[20,109967,18771],{},[192,109969,109970,109975],{},[195,109971,109972,109974],{},[15,109973,55461],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[195,109976,109977,109979],{},[15,109978,102792],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109981,109982,109983,108],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[395,109984,96752,109985,10852],{"href":108395},[15,109986,102792],{},[30,109988,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,109990,1821,109992,97132],{"id":109991},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109993,55461],{},[20,109995,109996,109998,109999,108],{},[15,109997,55461],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110000,217],{},[20,110002,16725],{},[35,110004,110006],{"className":37,"code":110005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110007,110008,110040,110062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110009,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110011,13172],{"class":50},[44,110013,55],{"class":54},[44,110015,59],{"class":58},[44,110017,63],{"class":62},[44,110019,13189],{"class":66},[44,110021,63],{"class":62},[44,110023,83],{"class":58},[44,110025,75],{"class":62},[44,110027,13206],{"class":66},[44,110029,63],{"class":62},[44,110031,83],{"class":58},[44,110033,75],{"class":62},[44,110035,17534],{"class":66},[44,110037,63],{"class":62},[44,110039,99],{"class":58},[44,110041,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058,110060],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110043,13215],{"class":50},[44,110045,55],{"class":54},[44,110047,13220],{"class":50},[44,110049,108],{"class":58},[44,110051,34715],{"class":111},[44,110053,157],{"class":58},[44,110055,63],{"class":62},[44,110057,13206],{"class":66},[44,110059,63],{"class":62},[44,110061,162],{"class":58},[44,110063,110064,110066,110068,110070],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,110065,154],{"class":153},[44,110067,157],{"class":58},[44,110069,13239],{"class":111},[44,110071,162],{"class":58},[20,110073,110074],{},[3868,110075,330],{},[35,110077,110078],{"className":37,"code":1401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110079,110080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110081,110082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110083,1401],{"class":1400},[20,110085,1436],{},[35,110087,110088],{"className":37,"code":109298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110089,110090,110122,110140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110091,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110093,13172],{"class":50},[44,110095,55],{"class":54},[44,110097,59],{"class":58},[44,110099,63],{"class":62},[44,110101,13189],{"class":66},[44,110103,63],{"class":62},[44,110105,83],{"class":58},[44,110107,75],{"class":62},[44,110109,13206],{"class":66},[44,110111,63],{"class":62},[44,110113,83],{"class":58},[44,110115,75],{"class":62},[44,110117,17534],{"class":66},[44,110119,63],{"class":62},[44,110121,99],{"class":58},[44,110123,110124,110126,110128,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110125,17581],{"class":50},[44,110127,108],{"class":58},[44,110129,34715],{"class":111},[44,110131,157],{"class":58},[44,110133,63],{"class":62},[44,110135,13206],{"class":66},[44,110137,63],{"class":62},[44,110139,162],{"class":58},[44,110141,110142,110144,110146,110148],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,110143,154],{"class":153},[44,110145,157],{"class":58},[44,110147,17581],{"class":111},[44,110149,162],{"class":58},[1960,110151,110153],{"id":110152},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110155,110156,110157,108],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110158,19764],{},[35,110160,110162],{"className":37,"code":110161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110163,110164,110188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110165,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110167,13172],{"class":50},[44,110169,55],{"class":54},[44,110171,59],{"class":58},[44,110173,63],{"class":62},[44,110175,13189],{"class":66},[44,110177,63],{"class":62},[44,110179,83],{"class":58},[44,110181,75],{"class":62},[44,110183,13206],{"class":66},[44,110185,63],{"class":62},[44,110187,99],{"class":58},[44,110189,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110191,17581],{"class":50},[44,110193,108],{"class":58},[44,110195,34715],{"class":111},[44,110197,157],{"class":58},[44,110199,63],{"class":62},[44,110201,17534],{"class":66},[44,110203,63],{"class":62},[44,110205,162],{"class":58},[20,110207,110208,110209,72],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110210,4009],{},[35,110212,110214],{"className":37,"code":110213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110215,110216,110240,110244,110260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110217,110218,110220,110222,110224,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110219,13172],{"class":50},[44,110221,55],{"class":54},[44,110223,59],{"class":58},[44,110225,63],{"class":62},[44,110227,13189],{"class":66},[44,110229,63],{"class":62},[44,110231,83],{"class":58},[44,110233,75],{"class":62},[44,110235,13206],{"class":66},[44,110237,63],{"class":62},[44,110239,99],{"class":58},[44,110241,110242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110243,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,110245,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,110247,7128],{"class":4002},[44,110249,75],{"class":62},[44,110251,17534],{"class":66},[44,110253,63],{"class":62},[44,110255,21245],{"class":54},[44,110257,13220],{"class":50},[44,110259,6523],{"class":58},[44,110261,110262,110265,110267,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,110263,110264],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,110266,108],{"class":58},[44,110268,34715],{"class":111},[44,110270,157],{"class":58},[44,110272,63],{"class":62},[44,110274,17534],{"class":66},[44,110276,63],{"class":62},[44,110278,162],{"class":58},[20,110280,110281,110282,110286],{},"Or use ",[395,110283,110284],{"href":108395},[15,110285,102792],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1960,110288,37128,110290,8835,110292],{"id":110289},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110291,102806],{},[15,110293,55007],{},[20,110295,110296],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110298,110299,110300,110302],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110301,102806],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110304,110305,110306,108],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[395,110307,99016],{"href":99015},[1960,110309,110311],{"id":110310},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110313,108301],{},[20,110315,110316],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110318,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,110320,1963,110322,97231],{"id":110321},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110323,102806],{},[20,110325,110326,110327,108],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110328,217],{},[1960,110330,30354,110332,110334],{"id":110331},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110333,102806],{}," raise?",[20,110336,30360,110337,110339],{},[15,110338,19764],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1960,110341,21492,110343,2997,110345,2610],{"id":110342},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110344,55461],{},[15,110346,102792],{},[20,110348,172,110349,110351,110352,110354],{},[15,110350,55461],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110353,102792],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1960,110356,1984,110358,110360],{"id":110357},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110359,102806],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110362,110363],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110365,2020],{"id":2019},[192,110367,110368,110374,110380,110384,110388],{},[195,110369,110370],{},[395,110371,96752,110372,10852],{"href":108395},[15,110373,102792],{},[195,110375,110376],{},[395,110377,96752,110378,10852],{"href":98152},[15,110379,12861],{},[195,110381,110382],{},[395,110383,97276],{"href":97821},[195,110385,110386],{},[395,110387,100282],{"href":99015},[195,110389,110390],{},[395,110391,1954],{"href":1953},[2048,110393,110394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":110396},[110397,110398,110400,110401,110402,110403,110408,110416,110426],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":109398,"depth":102,"text":110399},"What set.remove() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":109649,"depth":102,"text":109650},{"id":109754,"depth":102,"text":110404,"children":110405},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110406,110407],{"id":34715,"depth":150,"text":55461},{"id":102859,"depth":150,"text":102792},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":110409},[110410,110412,110413,110415],{"id":109991,"depth":150,"text":110411},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110152,"depth":150,"text":110153},{"id":110289,"depth":150,"text":110414},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110310,"depth":150,"text":110311},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":110417},[110418,110420,110422,110424],{"id":110321,"depth":150,"text":110419},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110331,"depth":150,"text":110421},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110342,"depth":150,"text":110423},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110357,"depth":150,"text":110425},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109272,"description":110427},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110434,"title":110435,"body":110436,"description":111809,"extension":2080,"meta":111810,"navigation":682,"path":111811,"seo":111812,"stem":111813,"__hash__":111814},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110437,"toc":111784},[110438,110444,110450,110453,110456,110470,110472,110553,110556,110561,110565,110579,110586,110588,110607,110610,110628,110630,110710,110712,110737,110741,110744,110752,110757,110762,110764,110777,110782,110785,110809,110812,110820,110822,110825,110922,110924,110957,110959,110985,110992,110995,110999,111007,111011,111019,111021,111111,111113,111127,111134,111139,111144,111146,111237,111239,111251,111253,111267,111273,111281,111283,111365,111367,111412,111415,111423,111426,111428,111432,111475,111477,111497,111502,111504,111589,111591,111596,111598,111605,111613,111619,111622,111624,111710,111712,111736,111740,111743,111745,111772,111782],[10,110439,96138,110441,18],{"id":110440},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110442,110443],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110445,110446,110449],{},[15,110447,110448],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110451,110452],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110454,110455],{},"Use it when:",[192,110457,110458,110461,110467],{},[195,110459,110460],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[195,110462,110463,110464,110466],{},"you do ",[3868,110465,4762],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[195,110468,110469],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110471,3731],{"id":3730},[35,110473,110475],{"className":37,"code":110474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110476,110477,110497,110517,110521,110540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110478,110479,110481,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110480,2673],{"class":50},[44,110482,55],{"class":54},[44,110484,59],{"class":58},[44,110486,3108],{"class":95},[44,110488,83],{"class":58},[44,110490,1012],{"class":95},[44,110492,83],{"class":58},[44,110494,1017],{"class":95},[44,110496,99],{"class":58},[44,110498,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110500,2701],{"class":50},[44,110502,55],{"class":54},[44,110504,59],{"class":58},[44,110506,2179],{"class":95},[44,110508,83],{"class":58},[44,110510,2574],{"class":95},[44,110512,83],{"class":58},[44,110514,4736],{"class":95},[44,110516,99],{"class":58},[44,110518,110519],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,110520,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,110522,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110534,110536,110538],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,110524,1340],{"class":50},[44,110526,55],{"class":54},[44,110528,56820],{"class":50},[44,110530,108],{"class":58},[44,110532,110533],{"class":111},"symmetric_difference",[44,110535,157],{"class":58},[44,110537,1005],{"class":111},[44,110539,162],{"class":58},[44,110541,110542,110544,110546,110548,110550],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,110543,154],{"class":153},[44,110545,157],{"class":58},[44,110547,1376],{"class":111},[44,110549,3786],{"class":58},[44,110551,110552],{"class":168},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110554,110555],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110557,179,110559,182],{"id":110558},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110560,110443],{},[20,110562,110563,72],{},[15,110564,110448],{},[192,110566,110567,110570,110573,110576],{},[195,110568,110569],{},"returns a new set",[195,110571,110572],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[195,110574,110575],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[195,110577,110578],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110580,96262,110581,2997,110583,108],{},[395,110582,96266],{"href":96265},[395,110584,110585],{"href":96269},"creating a set in Python",[30,110587,402],{"id":401},[35,110589,110591],{"className":37,"code":110590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110592,110593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110594,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110596,100523],{"class":50},[44,110598,108],{"class":58},[44,110600,110533],{"class":111},[44,110602,157],{"class":58},[44,110604,100532],{"class":111},[44,110606,162],{"class":58},[20,110608,110609],{},"Notes:",[192,110611,110612,110617,110622,110625],{},[195,110613,110614,110616],{},[15,110615,100523],{}," must be a set",[195,110618,110619,110621],{},[15,110620,100532],{}," can be any iterable",[195,110623,110624],{},"the result is always a set",[195,110626,110627],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110629,223],{},[35,110631,110633],{"className":37,"code":110632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110634,110635,110656,110677,110681,110700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110636,110637,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648,110650,110652,110654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110638,110639],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110641,55],{"class":54},[44,110643,59],{"class":58},[44,110645,3108],{"class":95},[44,110647,83],{"class":58},[44,110649,1012],{"class":95},[44,110651,83],{"class":58},[44,110653,1017],{"class":95},[44,110655,99],{"class":58},[44,110657,110658,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110659,110660],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110662,55],{"class":54},[44,110664,59],{"class":58},[44,110666,2179],{"class":95},[44,110668,83],{"class":58},[44,110670,2574],{"class":95},[44,110672,83],{"class":58},[44,110674,4736],{"class":95},[44,110676,99],{"class":58},[44,110678,110679],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,110680,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,110682,110683,110685,110687,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,110684,1340],{"class":50},[44,110686,55],{"class":54},[44,110688,110689],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110691,108],{"class":58},[44,110693,110533],{"class":111},[44,110695,157],{"class":58},[44,110697,100532],{"class":111},[44,110699,162],{"class":58},[44,110701,110702,110704,110706,110708],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,110703,154],{"class":153},[44,110705,157],{"class":58},[44,110707,1376],{"class":111},[44,110709,162],{"class":58},[20,110711,330],{},[35,110713,110715],{"className":37,"code":110714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110716,110717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110718,110719,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110720,340],{"class":58},[44,110722,3108],{"class":95},[44,110724,83],{"class":58},[44,110726,1012],{"class":95},[44,110728,83],{"class":58},[44,110730,2574],{"class":95},[44,110732,83],{"class":58},[44,110734,4736],{"class":95},[44,110736,99],{"class":58},[30,110738,110740],{"id":110739},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110742,110743],{},"The result includes:",[192,110745,110746,110749],{},[195,110747,110748],{},"items only in the first set",[195,110750,110751],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110753,110754,110755,11193],{},"The result does ",[3868,110756,4762],{},[192,110758,110759],{},[195,110760,110761],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110763,5602],{},[192,110765,110766,110771],{},[195,110767,110768,110769],{},"first set: ",[15,110770,100220],{},[195,110772,110773,110774],{},"second set: ",[15,110775,110776],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110778,4177,110779,110781],{},[15,110780,2179],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110783,110784],{},"The output is:",[35,110786,110787],{"className":37,"code":110714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110788,110789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110790,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110792,340],{"class":58},[44,110794,3108],{"class":95},[44,110796,83],{"class":58},[44,110798,1012],{"class":95},[44,110800,83],{"class":58},[44,110802,2574],{"class":95},[44,110804,83],{"class":58},[44,110806,4736],{"class":95},[44,110808,99],{"class":58},[20,110810,110811],{},"Also remember:",[192,110813,110814,110817],{},[195,110815,110816],{},"sets are unordered",[195,110818,110819],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,110821,11581],{"id":11580},[20,110823,110824],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110826,110828],{"className":37,"code":110827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110829,110830,110862,110886,110890,110908,110912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110831,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110833,106963],{"class":50},[44,110835,55],{"class":54},[44,110837,59],{"class":58},[44,110839,63],{"class":62},[44,110841,13189],{"class":66},[44,110843,63],{"class":62},[44,110845,83],{"class":58},[44,110847,75],{"class":62},[44,110849,13206],{"class":66},[44,110851,63],{"class":62},[44,110853,83],{"class":58},[44,110855,75],{"class":62},[44,110857,17534],{"class":66},[44,110859,63],{"class":62},[44,110861,99],{"class":58},[44,110863,110864,110866,110868,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,110865,106996],{"class":50},[44,110867,55],{"class":54},[44,110869,59],{"class":58},[44,110871,63],{"class":62},[44,110873,17534],{"class":66},[44,110875,63],{"class":62},[44,110877,83],{"class":58},[44,110879,75],{"class":62},[44,110881,22594],{"class":66},[44,110883,63],{"class":62},[44,110885,99],{"class":58},[44,110887,110888],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,110889,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,110891,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,110893,1340],{"class":50},[44,110895,55],{"class":54},[44,110897,107038],{"class":50},[44,110899,108],{"class":58},[44,110901,110533],{"class":111},[44,110903,157],{"class":58},[44,110905,107047],{"class":111},[44,110907,162],{"class":58},[44,110909,110910],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,110911,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,110913,110914,110916,110918,110920],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,110915,154],{"class":153},[44,110917,157],{"class":58},[44,110919,1376],{"class":111},[44,110921,162],{"class":58},[20,110923,330],{},[35,110925,110927],{"className":37,"code":110926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110928,110929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110930,110931,110933,110935,110937,110939,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110932,340],{"class":58},[44,110934,343],{"class":62},[44,110936,13189],{"class":66},[44,110938,343],{"class":62},[44,110940,83],{"class":58},[44,110942,352],{"class":62},[44,110944,13206],{"class":66},[44,110946,343],{"class":62},[44,110948,83],{"class":58},[44,110950,352],{"class":62},[44,110952,22594],{"class":66},[44,110954,343],{"class":62},[44,110956,99],{"class":58},[20,110958,768],{},[192,110960,110961,110966,110977],{},[195,110962,110963,110965],{},[15,110964,96431],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[195,110967,110968,4523,110970,110973,110974,110976],{},[15,110969,65327],{},[15,110971,110972],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110975,107100],{},", so they stay",[195,110978,110979,110981,110982,110984],{},[15,110980,109739],{}," is only in ",[15,110983,107047],{},", so it stays",[30,110986,110988,10698,110990],{"id":110987},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110989,110443],{},[15,110991,100352],{},[20,110993,110994],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110996,110997,72],{},[15,110998,100352],{},[192,111000,111001,111004],{},[195,111002,111003],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[195,111005,111006],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111008,111009,72],{},[15,111010,110443],{},[192,111012,111013,111016],{},[195,111014,111015],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[195,111017,111018],{},"removes shared items",[20,111020,223],{},[35,111022,111024],{"className":37,"code":111023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111025,111026,111046,111066,111070,111091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111029,2673],{"class":50},[44,111031,55],{"class":54},[44,111033,59],{"class":58},[44,111035,3108],{"class":95},[44,111037,83],{"class":58},[44,111039,1012],{"class":95},[44,111041,83],{"class":58},[44,111043,1017],{"class":95},[44,111045,99],{"class":58},[44,111047,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111049,2701],{"class":50},[44,111051,55],{"class":54},[44,111053,59],{"class":58},[44,111055,2179],{"class":95},[44,111057,83],{"class":58},[44,111059,2574],{"class":95},[44,111061,83],{"class":58},[44,111063,4736],{"class":95},[44,111065,99],{"class":58},[44,111067,111068],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,111069,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,111071,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,111073,154],{"class":153},[44,111075,157],{"class":58},[44,111077,395],{"class":111},[44,111079,108],{"class":58},[44,111081,2931],{"class":111},[44,111083,157],{"class":58},[44,111085,1005],{"class":111},[44,111087,5491],{"class":58},[44,111089,111090],{"class":168},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,111092,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,111094,154],{"class":153},[44,111096,157],{"class":58},[44,111098,395],{"class":111},[44,111100,108],{"class":58},[44,111102,110533],{"class":111},[44,111104,157],{"class":58},[44,111106,1005],{"class":111},[44,111108,5491],{"class":58},[44,111110,110552],{"class":168},[20,111112,18771],{},[192,111114,111115,111122],{},[195,111116,111117,111121],{},[395,111118,111119],{"href":102778},[15,111120,100352],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[195,111123,111124,111126],{},[15,111125,110443],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,111128,111130,10698,111132],{"id":111129},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111131,110443],{},[15,111133,102737],{},[20,111135,111136,111138],{},[15,111137,102737],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111140,111141,111143],{},[15,111142,110443],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111145,223],{},[35,111147,111149],{"className":37,"code":111148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111150,111151,111171,111191,111195,111217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111152,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111154,2673],{"class":50},[44,111156,55],{"class":54},[44,111158,59],{"class":58},[44,111160,3108],{"class":95},[44,111162,83],{"class":58},[44,111164,1012],{"class":95},[44,111166,83],{"class":58},[44,111168,1017],{"class":95},[44,111170,99],{"class":58},[44,111172,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111174,2701],{"class":50},[44,111176,55],{"class":54},[44,111178,59],{"class":58},[44,111180,2179],{"class":95},[44,111182,83],{"class":58},[44,111184,2574],{"class":95},[44,111186,83],{"class":58},[44,111188,4736],{"class":95},[44,111190,99],{"class":58},[44,111192,111193],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,111194,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,111196,111197,111199,111201,111203,111205,111208,111210,111212,111214],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,111198,154],{"class":153},[44,111200,157],{"class":58},[44,111202,395],{"class":111},[44,111204,108],{"class":58},[44,111206,111207],{"class":111},"union",[44,111209,157],{"class":58},[44,111211,1005],{"class":111},[44,111213,5491],{"class":58},[44,111215,111216],{"class":168},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,111218,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,111220,154],{"class":153},[44,111222,157],{"class":58},[44,111224,395],{"class":111},[44,111226,108],{"class":58},[44,111228,110533],{"class":111},[44,111230,157],{"class":58},[44,111232,1005],{"class":111},[44,111234,5491],{"class":58},[44,111236,110552],{"class":168},[20,111238,27289],{},[192,111240,111241,111246],{},[195,111242,111243,111245],{},[15,111244,102737],{}," includes everything",[195,111247,111248,111250],{},[15,111249,110443],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111252,18771],{},[192,111254,111255,111262],{},[195,111256,111257,111261],{},[395,111258,111259],{"href":107668},[15,111260,102737],{}," when overlap does not matter",[195,111263,111264,111266],{},[15,111265,110443],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,111268,36536,111270,101536],{"id":111269},"using-the-operator",[15,111271,111272],{},"^",[20,111274,111275,111276,111278,111279,108],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111277,111272],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111280,110443],{},[20,111282,223],{},[35,111284,111286],{"className":37,"code":111285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111287,111288,111308,111328,111332,111350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111289,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302,111304,111306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111291,110639],{"class":50},[44,111293,55],{"class":54},[44,111295,59],{"class":58},[44,111297,3108],{"class":95},[44,111299,83],{"class":58},[44,111301,1012],{"class":95},[44,111303,83],{"class":58},[44,111305,1017],{"class":95},[44,111307,99],{"class":58},[44,111309,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111311,110660],{"class":50},[44,111313,55],{"class":54},[44,111315,59],{"class":58},[44,111317,2179],{"class":95},[44,111319,83],{"class":58},[44,111321,2574],{"class":95},[44,111323,83],{"class":58},[44,111325,4736],{"class":95},[44,111327,99],{"class":58},[44,111329,111330],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,111331,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,111333,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,111335,154],{"class":153},[44,111337,157],{"class":58},[44,111339,100523],{"class":111},[44,111341,108],{"class":58},[44,111343,110533],{"class":111},[44,111345,157],{"class":58},[44,111347,100532],{"class":111},[44,111349,1869],{"class":58},[44,111351,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111363],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,111353,154],{"class":153},[44,111355,157],{"class":58},[44,111357,110639],{"class":111},[44,111359,111272],{"class":54},[44,111361,111362],{"class":111}," set2",[44,111364,162],{"class":58},[20,111366,30096],{},[35,111368,111370],{"className":37,"code":111369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111371,111372,111392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111373,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111375,340],{"class":58},[44,111377,3108],{"class":95},[44,111379,83],{"class":58},[44,111381,1012],{"class":95},[44,111383,83],{"class":58},[44,111385,2574],{"class":95},[44,111387,83],{"class":58},[44,111389,4736],{"class":95},[44,111391,99],{"class":58},[44,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111395,340],{"class":58},[44,111397,3108],{"class":95},[44,111399,83],{"class":58},[44,111401,1012],{"class":95},[44,111403,83],{"class":58},[44,111405,2574],{"class":95},[44,111407,83],{"class":58},[44,111409,4736],{"class":95},[44,111411,99],{"class":58},[20,111413,111414],{},"Both forms:",[192,111416,111417,111420],{},[195,111418,111419],{},"return a new set",[195,111421,111422],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111424,111425],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111427,4649],{"id":4648},[20,111429,21283,111430,72],{},[15,111431,110443],{},[192,111433,111434,111442,111452,111467],{},[195,111435,111436,111439,111441],{},[3868,111437,111438],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9961,111440],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[195,111443,111444,111447,111449,111451],{},[3868,111445,111446],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9961,111448],{},[15,111450,110443],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[195,111453,111454,111459,111461,111463,111464,111466],{},[3868,111455,111456,111457],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111458,100352],{},[9961,111460],{},[15,111462,100352],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111465,110443],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[195,111468,111469,111472,111474],{},[3868,111470,111471],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9961,111473],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111476,58795],{},[192,111478,111479,111488,111491,111494],{},[195,111480,50422,111481,44558,111483,111487],{},[15,111482,110443],{},[395,111484,111485],{"href":107668},[15,111486,102737],{}," is actually needed",[195,111489,111490],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[195,111492,111493],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[195,111495,111496],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111498,111499,111500,108],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[395,111501,99016],{"href":105281},[20,111503,62229],{},[35,111505,111507],{"className":37,"code":111506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111508,111509,111519,111529,111547,111561,111575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111510,111511,111513,111515,111517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111512,154],{"class":153},[44,111514,157],{"class":58},[44,111516,100523],{"class":111},[44,111518,162],{"class":58},[44,111520,111521,111523,111525,111527],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111522,154],{"class":153},[44,111524,157],{"class":58},[44,111526,100532],{"class":111},[44,111528,162],{"class":58},[44,111530,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,111532,154],{"class":153},[44,111534,157],{"class":58},[44,111536,100523],{"class":111},[44,111538,108],{"class":58},[44,111540,110533],{"class":111},[44,111542,157],{"class":58},[44,111544,100532],{"class":111},[44,111546,1869],{"class":58},[44,111548,111549,111551,111553,111555,111557,111559],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,111550,154],{"class":153},[44,111552,157],{"class":58},[44,111554,110639],{"class":111},[44,111556,111272],{"class":54},[44,111558,111362],{"class":111},[44,111560,162],{"class":58},[44,111562,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,111564,154],{"class":153},[44,111566,157],{"class":58},[44,111568,1862],{"class":1861},[44,111570,157],{"class":58},[44,111572,100523],{"class":111},[44,111574,1869],{"class":58},[44,111576,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,111578,154],{"class":153},[44,111580,157],{"class":58},[44,111582,1862],{"class":1861},[44,111584,157],{"class":58},[44,111586,100532],{"class":111},[44,111588,1869],{"class":58},[30,111590,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,111592,1963,111594,102677],{"id":111593},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111595,110443],{},[20,111597,102680],{},[1960,111599,2007,111601,4523,111603,2610],{"id":111600},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111602,110443],{},[15,111604,100352],{},[20,111606,111607,111609,111610,111612],{},[15,111608,100352],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111611,110443],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1960,111614,1994,111616,111618],{"id":111615},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111617,110443],{}," with lists?",[20,111620,111621],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111623,223],{},[35,111625,111627],{"className":37,"code":111626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111628,111629,111649,111669,111673,111700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111630,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111632,80593],{"class":50},[44,111634,55],{"class":54},[44,111636,3746],{"class":58},[44,111638,3108],{"class":95},[44,111640,83],{"class":58},[44,111642,1012],{"class":95},[44,111644,83],{"class":58},[44,111646,1017],{"class":95},[44,111648,3759],{"class":58},[44,111650,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111652,80614],{"class":50},[44,111654,55],{"class":54},[44,111656,3746],{"class":58},[44,111658,2179],{"class":95},[44,111660,83],{"class":58},[44,111662,2574],{"class":95},[44,111664,83],{"class":58},[44,111666,4736],{"class":95},[44,111668,3759],{"class":58},[44,111670,111671],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,111672,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,111674,111675,111677,111679,111681,111683,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,111676,1340],{"class":50},[44,111678,55],{"class":54},[44,111680,15718],{"class":1861},[44,111682,157],{"class":58},[44,111684,111685],{"class":111},"list1",[44,111687,8762],{"class":58},[44,111689,110533],{"class":111},[44,111691,157],{"class":58},[44,111693,6416],{"class":1861},[44,111695,157],{"class":58},[44,111697,80880],{"class":111},[44,111699,1869],{"class":58},[44,111701,111702,111704,111706,111708],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,111703,154],{"class":153},[44,111705,157],{"class":58},[44,111707,1376],{"class":111},[44,111709,162],{"class":58},[20,111711,330],{},[35,111713,111714],{"className":37,"code":110714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111715,111716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111717,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111719,340],{"class":58},[44,111721,3108],{"class":95},[44,111723,83],{"class":58},[44,111725,1012],{"class":95},[44,111727,83],{"class":58},[44,111729,2574],{"class":95},[44,111731,83],{"class":58},[44,111733,4736],{"class":95},[44,111735,99],{"class":58},[1960,111737,111739],{"id":111738},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111741,111742],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111744,2020],{"id":2019},[192,111746,111747,111751,111756,111762,111768],{},[195,111748,111749],{},[395,111750,96266],{"href":96265},[195,111752,111753],{},[395,111754,111755],{"href":96269},"Creating a set in Python",[195,111757,111758],{},[395,111759,96752,111760,10852],{"href":102778},[15,111761,100352],{},[195,111763,111764],{},[395,111765,96752,111766,10852],{"href":107668},[15,111767,102737],{},[195,111769,111770],{},[395,111771,100282],{"href":105281},[20,111773,111774,111775,2307,111777,17153,111779,111781],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111776,100352],{},[15,111778,102737],{},[15,111780,110443],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2048,111783,57174],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":111785},[111786,111787,111789,111790,111791,111792,111794,111796,111798,111799,111808],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":110558,"depth":102,"text":111788},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":110739,"depth":102,"text":110740},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":110987,"depth":102,"text":111793},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111129,"depth":102,"text":111795},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111269,"depth":102,"text":111797},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":111800},[111801,111803,111805,111807],{"id":111593,"depth":150,"text":111802},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111600,"depth":150,"text":111804},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111615,"depth":150,"text":111806},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111738,"depth":150,"text":111739},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110435,"description":111809},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111816,"title":111817,"body":111818,"description":113881,"extension":2080,"meta":113882,"navigation":682,"path":107668,"seo":113883,"stem":113884,"__hash__":113885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111819,"toc":113840},[111820,111825,111830,111833,111846,111848,111930,111935,111940,111944,111956,111959,111963,111965,111992,111994,112005,112008,112077,112079,112085,112088,112098,112100,112189,112194,112196,112203,112206,112208,112211,112331,112333,112402,112405,112422,112427,112430,112546,112548,112577,112580,112586,112591,112595,112676,112678,112706,112711,112715,112810,112812,112853,112857,112860,112927,112929,112970,112976,112991,112998,113005,113009,113015,113101,113105,113113,113184,113189,113196,113198,113204,113206,113271,113273,113289,113294,113297,113366,113370,113373,113432,113435,113439,113492,113505,113508,113561,113565,113567,113598,113601,113606,113659,113663,113666,113687,113699,113701,113754,113756,113761,113763,113769,113772,113778,113783,113787,113790,113798,113807,113809,113837],[10,111821,3697,111823,18],{"id":111822},"python-setunion-method",[15,111824,107981],{},[20,111826,111827,111829],{},[15,111828,107981],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111831,111832],{},"It is useful when you want:",[192,111834,111835,111838,111843],{},[195,111836,111837],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[195,111839,2673,111840,111842],{},[3868,111841,100707],{}," as the result",[195,111844,111845],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,111847,33],{"id":32},[35,111849,111851],{"className":37,"code":111850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111852,111853,111873,111893,111897,111915,111925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111854,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867,111869,111871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111856,110639],{"class":50},[44,111858,55],{"class":54},[44,111860,59],{"class":58},[44,111862,3108],{"class":95},[44,111864,83],{"class":58},[44,111866,1012],{"class":95},[44,111868,83],{"class":58},[44,111870,1017],{"class":95},[44,111872,99],{"class":58},[44,111874,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,111876,110660],{"class":50},[44,111878,55],{"class":54},[44,111880,59],{"class":58},[44,111882,2179],{"class":95},[44,111884,83],{"class":58},[44,111886,2574],{"class":95},[44,111888,83],{"class":58},[44,111890,4736],{"class":95},[44,111892,99],{"class":58},[44,111894,111895],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,111896,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,111898,111899,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,111900,1340],{"class":50},[44,111902,55],{"class":54},[44,111904,110689],{"class":50},[44,111906,108],{"class":58},[44,111908,111207],{"class":111},[44,111910,157],{"class":58},[44,111912,100532],{"class":111},[44,111914,162],{"class":58},[44,111916,111917,111919,111921,111923],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,111918,154],{"class":153},[44,111920,157],{"class":58},[44,111922,1376],{"class":111},[44,111924,162],{"class":58},[44,111926,111927],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,111928,111929],{"class":168},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111931,111932,111934],{},[15,111933,102737],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,111936,179,111938,182],{"id":111937},"what-setunion-does",[15,111939,107981],{},[20,111941,111942,72],{},[15,111943,107981],{},[192,111945,111946,111949,111952,111954],{},[195,111947,111948],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[195,111950,111951],{},"keeps only unique values",[195,111953,110569],{},[195,111955,110578],{},[20,111957,111958],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111960,96262,111961,108],{},[395,111962,96266],{"href":97437},[30,111964,402],{"id":401},[35,111966,111968],{"className":37,"code":111967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111969,111970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111971,111972,111974,111976,111978,111980,111982,111984,111986,111988,111990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111973,100523],{"class":50},[44,111975,108],{"class":58},[44,111977,111207],{"class":111},[44,111979,157],{"class":58},[44,111981,100532],{"class":111},[44,111983,83],{"class":58},[44,111985,100559],{"class":111},[44,111987,83],{"class":58},[44,111989,34374],{"class":153},[44,111991,162],{"class":58},[20,111993,13148],{},[192,111995,111996,111999,112002],{},[195,111997,111998],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[195,112000,112001],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[195,112003,112004],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112006,112007],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,112009,112011],{"className":37,"code":112010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112012,112013,112029,112045,112049,112067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112014,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112016,2673],{"class":50},[44,112018,55],{"class":54},[44,112020,59],{"class":58},[44,112022,3108],{"class":95},[44,112024,83],{"class":58},[44,112026,1012],{"class":95},[44,112028,99],{"class":58},[44,112030,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112032,2701],{"class":50},[44,112034,55],{"class":54},[44,112036,59],{"class":58},[44,112038,2173],{"class":95},[44,112040,83],{"class":58},[44,112042,1017],{"class":95},[44,112044,99],{"class":58},[44,112046,112047],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112048,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112050,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112052,1340],{"class":50},[44,112054,55],{"class":54},[44,112056,56820],{"class":50},[44,112058,108],{"class":58},[44,112060,111207],{"class":111},[44,112062,157],{"class":58},[44,112064,1005],{"class":111},[44,112066,162],{"class":58},[44,112068,112069,112071,112073,112075],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,112070,154],{"class":153},[44,112072,157],{"class":58},[44,112074,1376],{"class":111},[44,112076,162],{"class":58},[30,112078,22041],{"id":22040},[20,112080,112081,100704,112083,108],{},[15,112082,107981],{},[3868,112084,100707],{},[20,112086,112087],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[192,112089,112090,112093],{},[195,112091,112092],{},"the original set",[195,112094,112095,112096],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112097,102737],{},[20,112099,223],{},[35,112101,112103],{"className":37,"code":112102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112104,112105,112121,112137,112141,112159,112163,112176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112106,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112108,2673],{"class":50},[44,112110,55],{"class":54},[44,112112,59],{"class":58},[44,112114,3108],{"class":95},[44,112116,83],{"class":58},[44,112118,1012],{"class":95},[44,112120,99],{"class":58},[44,112122,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112124,2701],{"class":50},[44,112126,55],{"class":54},[44,112128,59],{"class":58},[44,112130,2173],{"class":95},[44,112132,83],{"class":58},[44,112134,1017],{"class":95},[44,112136,99],{"class":58},[44,112138,112139],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112140,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112142,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155,112157],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112144,1340],{"class":50},[44,112146,55],{"class":54},[44,112148,56820],{"class":50},[44,112150,108],{"class":58},[44,112152,111207],{"class":111},[44,112154,157],{"class":58},[44,112156,1005],{"class":111},[44,112158,162],{"class":58},[44,112160,112161],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,112162,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112164,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,112166,154],{"class":153},[44,112168,157],{"class":58},[44,112170,1376],{"class":111},[44,112172,3786],{"class":58},[44,112174,112175],{"class":168},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,112177,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,112179,154],{"class":153},[44,112181,157],{"class":58},[44,112183,395],{"class":111},[44,112185,3786],{"class":58},[44,112187,112188],{"class":168},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112190,2403,112191,112193],{},[15,112192,395],{}," did not change.",[20,112195,110811],{},[192,112197,112198,112200],{},[195,112199,110816],{},[195,112201,112202],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112204,112205],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,112207,11581],{"id":11580},[20,112209,112210],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,112212,112214],{"className":37,"code":112213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112215,112216,112249,112282,112286,112306,112310,112320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112217,112218,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245,112247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112219,112220],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,112222,55],{"class":54},[44,112224,59],{"class":58},[44,112226,63],{"class":62},[44,112228,4207],{"class":66},[44,112230,63],{"class":62},[44,112232,83],{"class":58},[44,112234,75],{"class":62},[44,112236,4216],{"class":66},[44,112238,63],{"class":62},[44,112240,83],{"class":58},[44,112242,75],{"class":62},[44,112244,33140],{"class":66},[44,112246,63],{"class":62},[44,112248,99],{"class":58},[44,112250,112251,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272,112274,112276,112278,112280],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112252,112253],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,112255,55],{"class":54},[44,112257,59],{"class":58},[44,112259,63],{"class":62},[44,112261,4216],{"class":66},[44,112263,63],{"class":62},[44,112265,83],{"class":58},[44,112267,75],{"class":62},[44,112269,22603],{"class":66},[44,112271,63],{"class":62},[44,112273,83],{"class":58},[44,112275,75],{"class":62},[44,112277,33140],{"class":66},[44,112279,63],{"class":62},[44,112281,99],{"class":58},[44,112283,112284],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112285,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112287,112288,112290,112292,112295,112297,112299,112301,112304],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112289,1340],{"class":50},[44,112291,55],{"class":54},[44,112293,112294],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,112296,108],{"class":58},[44,112298,111207],{"class":111},[44,112300,157],{"class":58},[44,112302,112303],{"class":111},"fruits2",[44,112305,162],{"class":58},[44,112307,112308],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,112309,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112311,112312,112314,112316,112318],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,112313,154],{"class":153},[44,112315,157],{"class":58},[44,112317,1376],{"class":111},[44,112319,162],{"class":58},[44,112321,112322,112324,112326,112329],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,112323,154],{"class":153},[44,112325,157],{"class":58},[44,112327,112328],{"class":111},"fruits1",[44,112330,162],{"class":58},[20,112332,30096],{},[35,112334,112336],{"className":37,"code":112335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112337,112338,112374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112339,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112341,340],{"class":58},[44,112343,343],{"class":62},[44,112345,4216],{"class":66},[44,112347,343],{"class":62},[44,112349,83],{"class":58},[44,112351,352],{"class":62},[44,112353,33140],{"class":66},[44,112355,343],{"class":62},[44,112357,83],{"class":58},[44,112359,352],{"class":62},[44,112361,4207],{"class":66},[44,112363,343],{"class":62},[44,112365,83],{"class":58},[44,112367,352],{"class":62},[44,112369,22603],{"class":66},[44,112371,343],{"class":62},[44,112373,99],{"class":58},[44,112375,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398,112400],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112377,340],{"class":58},[44,112379,343],{"class":62},[44,112381,4216],{"class":66},[44,112383,343],{"class":62},[44,112385,83],{"class":58},[44,112387,352],{"class":62},[44,112389,33140],{"class":66},[44,112391,343],{"class":62},[44,112393,83],{"class":58},[44,112395,352],{"class":62},[44,112397,4207],{"class":66},[44,112399,343],{"class":62},[44,112401,99],{"class":58},[20,112403,112404],{},"What this shows:",[192,112406,112407,112414,112417],{},[195,112408,112409,4523,112411,112413],{},[15,112410,65209],{},[15,112412,65636],{}," appear in both sets",[195,112415,112416],{},"they appear only once in the result",[195,112418,112419,112421],{},[15,112420,112328],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112423,567,112425,101096],{"id":112424},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112426,102737],{},[20,112428,112429],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112431,112433],{"className":37,"code":112432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112434,112435,112451,112467,112484,112501,112505,112532,112536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112436,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112438,110639],{"class":50},[44,112440,55],{"class":54},[44,112442,59],{"class":58},[44,112444,3108],{"class":95},[44,112446,83],{"class":58},[44,112448,1012],{"class":95},[44,112450,99],{"class":58},[44,112452,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112454,110660],{"class":50},[44,112456,55],{"class":54},[44,112458,59],{"class":58},[44,112460,2173],{"class":95},[44,112462,83],{"class":58},[44,112464,1017],{"class":95},[44,112466,99],{"class":58},[44,112468,112469,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112470,112471],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112473,55],{"class":54},[44,112475,59],{"class":58},[44,112477,2179],{"class":95},[44,112479,83],{"class":58},[44,112481,2574],{"class":95},[44,112483,99],{"class":58},[44,112485,112486,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112487,112488],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112490,55],{"class":54},[44,112492,59],{"class":58},[44,112494,2623],{"class":95},[44,112496,83],{"class":58},[44,112498,4736],{"class":95},[44,112500,99],{"class":58},[44,112502,112503],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,112504,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112506,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112530],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,112508,1340],{"class":50},[44,112510,55],{"class":54},[44,112512,110689],{"class":50},[44,112514,108],{"class":58},[44,112516,111207],{"class":111},[44,112518,157],{"class":58},[44,112520,100532],{"class":111},[44,112522,83],{"class":58},[44,112524,100559],{"class":111},[44,112526,83],{"class":58},[44,112528,112529],{"class":111}," set4",[44,112531,162],{"class":58},[44,112533,112534],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,112535,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112537,112538,112540,112542,112544],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,112539,154],{"class":153},[44,112541,157],{"class":58},[44,112543,1376],{"class":111},[44,112545,162],{"class":58},[20,112547,30096],{},[35,112549,112551],{"className":37,"code":112550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112552,112553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112554,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112556,340],{"class":58},[44,112558,3108],{"class":95},[44,112560,83],{"class":58},[44,112562,1012],{"class":95},[44,112564,83],{"class":58},[44,112566,1017],{"class":95},[44,112568,83],{"class":58},[44,112570,2574],{"class":95},[44,112572,83],{"class":58},[44,112574,4736],{"class":95},[44,112576,99],{"class":58},[20,112578,112579],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112581,567,112583,112585],{"id":112582},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112584,102737],{}," with other iterables",[20,112587,112588,112590],{},[15,112589,102737],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1960,112592,112594],{"id":112593},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112596,112598],{"className":37,"code":112597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112599,112600,112620,112644,112648,112666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112601,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112603,3741],{"class":50},[44,112605,55],{"class":54},[44,112607,59],{"class":58},[44,112609,3108],{"class":95},[44,112611,83],{"class":58},[44,112613,1012],{"class":95},[44,112615,83],{"class":58},[44,112617,1017],{"class":95},[44,112619,99],{"class":58},[44,112621,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112623,60981],{"class":50},[44,112625,55],{"class":54},[44,112627,3746],{"class":58},[44,112629,2179],{"class":95},[44,112631,83],{"class":58},[44,112633,2574],{"class":95},[44,112635,83],{"class":58},[44,112637,4736],{"class":95},[44,112639,83],{"class":58},[44,112641,4736],{"class":95},[44,112643,3759],{"class":58},[44,112645,112646],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112647,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112649,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112662,112664],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112651,1340],{"class":50},[44,112653,55],{"class":54},[44,112655,4392],{"class":50},[44,112657,108],{"class":58},[44,112659,111207],{"class":111},[44,112661,157],{"class":58},[44,112663,61010],{"class":111},[44,112665,162],{"class":58},[44,112667,112668,112670,112672,112674],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,112669,154],{"class":153},[44,112671,157],{"class":58},[44,112673,1376],{"class":111},[44,112675,162],{"class":58},[20,112677,30096],{},[35,112679,112680],{"className":37,"code":112550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112681,112682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112683,112684,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112685,340],{"class":58},[44,112687,3108],{"class":95},[44,112689,83],{"class":58},[44,112691,1012],{"class":95},[44,112693,83],{"class":58},[44,112695,1017],{"class":95},[44,112697,83],{"class":58},[44,112699,2574],{"class":95},[44,112701,83],{"class":58},[44,112703,4736],{"class":95},[44,112705,99],{"class":58},[20,112707,21049,112708,112710],{},[15,112709,2254],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1960,112712,112714],{"id":112713},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112716,112718],{"className":37,"code":112717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112719,112720,112744,112777,112781,112800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112721,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112723,36013],{"class":50},[44,112725,55],{"class":54},[44,112727,59],{"class":58},[44,112729,63],{"class":62},[44,112731,395],{"class":66},[44,112733,63],{"class":62},[44,112735,83],{"class":58},[44,112737,75],{"class":62},[44,112739,1005],{"class":66},[44,112741,63],{"class":62},[44,112743,99],{"class":58},[44,112745,112746,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112747,112748],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112750,55],{"class":54},[44,112752,857],{"class":58},[44,112754,63],{"class":62},[44,112756,1005],{"class":66},[44,112758,63],{"class":62},[44,112760,83],{"class":58},[44,112762,75],{"class":62},[44,112764,9855],{"class":66},[44,112766,63],{"class":62},[44,112768,83],{"class":58},[44,112770,75],{"class":62},[44,112772,18844],{"class":66},[44,112774,63],{"class":62},[44,112776,162],{"class":58},[44,112778,112779],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112780,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112782,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112798],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112784,1340],{"class":50},[44,112786,55],{"class":54},[44,112788,70031],{"class":50},[44,112790,108],{"class":58},[44,112792,111207],{"class":111},[44,112794,157],{"class":58},[44,112796,112797],{"class":111},"more_letters",[44,112799,162],{"class":58},[44,112801,112802,112804,112806,112808],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,112803,154],{"class":153},[44,112805,157],{"class":58},[44,112807,1376],{"class":111},[44,112809,162],{"class":58},[20,112811,30096],{},[35,112813,112815],{"className":37,"code":112814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112816,112817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112818,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112820,340],{"class":58},[44,112822,343],{"class":62},[44,112824,395],{"class":66},[44,112826,343],{"class":62},[44,112828,83],{"class":58},[44,112830,352],{"class":62},[44,112832,1005],{"class":66},[44,112834,343],{"class":62},[44,112836,83],{"class":58},[44,112838,352],{"class":62},[44,112840,9855],{"class":66},[44,112842,343],{"class":62},[44,112844,83],{"class":58},[44,112846,352],{"class":62},[44,112848,18844],{"class":66},[44,112850,343],{"class":62},[44,112852,99],{"class":58},[1960,112854,112856],{"id":112855},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112858,112859],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112861,112863],{"className":37,"code":112862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112864,112865,112890,112913,112917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112866,112867,112870,112872,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112868,112869],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112871,55],{"class":54},[44,112873,59],{"class":58},[44,112875,63],{"class":62},[44,112877,395],{"class":66},[44,112879,63],{"class":62},[44,112881,83],{"class":58},[44,112883,75],{"class":62},[44,112885,1005],{"class":66},[44,112887,63],{"class":62},[44,112889,99],{"class":58},[44,112891,112892,112894,112896,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,112893,1340],{"class":50},[44,112895,55],{"class":54},[44,112897,112898],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112900,108],{"class":58},[44,112902,111207],{"class":111},[44,112904,157],{"class":58},[44,112906,63],{"class":62},[44,112908,36971],{"class":66},[44,112910,63],{"class":62},[44,112912,162],{"class":58},[44,112914,112915],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,112916,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,112918,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,112920,154],{"class":153},[44,112922,157],{"class":58},[44,112924,1376],{"class":111},[44,112926,162],{"class":58},[20,112928,30096],{},[35,112930,112932],{"className":37,"code":112931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112933,112934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112935,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112937,340],{"class":58},[44,112939,343],{"class":62},[44,112941,395],{"class":66},[44,112943,343],{"class":62},[44,112945,83],{"class":58},[44,112947,352],{"class":62},[44,112949,1005],{"class":66},[44,112951,343],{"class":62},[44,112953,83],{"class":58},[44,112955,352],{"class":62},[44,112957,9855],{"class":66},[44,112959,343],{"class":62},[44,112961,83],{"class":58},[44,112963,352],{"class":62},[44,112965,63221],{"class":66},[44,112967,343],{"class":62},[44,112969,99],{"class":58},[20,112971,22260,112972,112975],{},[15,112973,112974],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[192,112977,112978,112982,112986],{},[195,112979,112980],{},[15,112981,66416],{},[195,112983,112984],{},[15,112985,18174],{},[195,112987,112988],{},[15,112989,112990],{},"\"t\"",[30,112992,112994,10698,112996],{"id":112993},"union-vs-update",[15,112995,102737],{},[15,112997,17],{},[20,112999,113000,4523,113002,113004],{},[15,113001,102737],{},[15,113003,17],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1960,113006,113007],{"id":111207},[15,113008,102737],{},[192,113010,113011,113013],{},[195,113012,110569],{},[195,113014,110578],{},[35,113016,113017],{"className":37,"code":112102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113018,113019,113035,113051,113055,113073,113077,113089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113020,113021,113023,113025,113027,113029,113031,113033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113022,2673],{"class":50},[44,113024,55],{"class":54},[44,113026,59],{"class":58},[44,113028,3108],{"class":95},[44,113030,83],{"class":58},[44,113032,1012],{"class":95},[44,113034,99],{"class":58},[44,113036,113037,113039,113041,113043,113045,113047,113049],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113038,2701],{"class":50},[44,113040,55],{"class":54},[44,113042,59],{"class":58},[44,113044,2173],{"class":95},[44,113046,83],{"class":58},[44,113048,1017],{"class":95},[44,113050,99],{"class":58},[44,113052,113053],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113054,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113056,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113058,1340],{"class":50},[44,113060,55],{"class":54},[44,113062,56820],{"class":50},[44,113064,108],{"class":58},[44,113066,111207],{"class":111},[44,113068,157],{"class":58},[44,113070,1005],{"class":111},[44,113072,162],{"class":58},[44,113074,113075],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,113076,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113078,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,113080,154],{"class":153},[44,113082,157],{"class":58},[44,113084,1376],{"class":111},[44,113086,3786],{"class":58},[44,113088,112175],{"class":168},[44,113090,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,113092,154],{"class":153},[44,113094,157],{"class":58},[44,113096,395],{"class":111},[44,113098,3786],{"class":58},[44,113100,112188],{"class":168},[1960,113102,113103],{"id":112},[15,113104,17],{},[192,113106,113107,113110],{},[195,113108,113109],{},"changes the existing set in place",[195,113111,113112],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,113114,113116],{"className":37,"code":113115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113117,113118,113134,113150,113154,113168,113172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113119,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113121,2673],{"class":50},[44,113123,55],{"class":54},[44,113125,59],{"class":58},[44,113127,3108],{"class":95},[44,113129,83],{"class":58},[44,113131,1012],{"class":95},[44,113133,99],{"class":58},[44,113135,113136,113138,113140,113142,113144,113146,113148],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113137,2701],{"class":50},[44,113139,55],{"class":54},[44,113141,59],{"class":58},[44,113143,2173],{"class":95},[44,113145,83],{"class":58},[44,113147,1017],{"class":95},[44,113149,99],{"class":58},[44,113151,113152],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113153,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113155,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113157,395],{"class":50},[44,113159,108],{"class":58},[44,113161,112],{"class":111},[44,113163,157],{"class":58},[44,113165,1005],{"class":111},[44,113167,162],{"class":58},[44,113169,113170],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,113171,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113173,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,113175,154],{"class":153},[44,113177,157],{"class":58},[44,113179,395],{"class":111},[44,113181,3786],{"class":58},[44,113183,112175],{"class":168},[20,113185,172,113186,113188],{},[15,113187,102737],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113190,113191,113192,108],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[395,113193,3697,113194,10852],{"href":98457},[15,113195,97252],{},[30,113197,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,113199,1821,113201,113203],{"id":113200},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113202,102737],{}," to change the original set",[20,113205,81762],{},[35,113207,113209],{"className":37,"code":113208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113210,113211,113227,113243,113247,113261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113212,113213,113215,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113214,2673],{"class":50},[44,113216,55],{"class":54},[44,113218,59],{"class":58},[44,113220,3108],{"class":95},[44,113222,83],{"class":58},[44,113224,1012],{"class":95},[44,113226,99],{"class":58},[44,113228,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113230,2701],{"class":50},[44,113232,55],{"class":54},[44,113234,59],{"class":58},[44,113236,2173],{"class":95},[44,113238,83],{"class":58},[44,113240,1017],{"class":95},[44,113242,99],{"class":58},[44,113244,113245],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113246,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113248,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113250,395],{"class":50},[44,113252,108],{"class":58},[44,113254,111207],{"class":111},[44,113256,157],{"class":58},[44,113258,1005],{"class":111},[44,113260,162],{"class":58},[44,113262,113263,113265,113267,113269],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,113264,154],{"class":153},[44,113266,157],{"class":58},[44,113268,395],{"class":111},[44,113270,162],{"class":58},[20,113272,330],{},[35,113274,113275],{"className":37,"code":100445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113276,113277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113278,113279,113281,113283,113285,113287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113280,340],{"class":58},[44,113282,3108],{"class":95},[44,113284,83],{"class":58},[44,113286,1012],{"class":95},[44,113288,99],{"class":58},[20,113290,8626,113291,113293],{},[15,113292,102737],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113295,113296],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,113298,113300],{"className":37,"code":113299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113301,113302,113318,113334,113338,113356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113303,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113305,2673],{"class":50},[44,113307,55],{"class":54},[44,113309,59],{"class":58},[44,113311,3108],{"class":95},[44,113313,83],{"class":58},[44,113315,1012],{"class":95},[44,113317,99],{"class":58},[44,113319,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113321,2701],{"class":50},[44,113323,55],{"class":54},[44,113325,59],{"class":58},[44,113327,2173],{"class":95},[44,113329,83],{"class":58},[44,113331,1017],{"class":95},[44,113333,99],{"class":58},[44,113335,113336],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113337,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113339,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113341,2673],{"class":50},[44,113343,55],{"class":54},[44,113345,56820],{"class":50},[44,113347,108],{"class":58},[44,113349,111207],{"class":111},[44,113351,157],{"class":58},[44,113353,1005],{"class":111},[44,113355,162],{"class":58},[44,113357,113358,113360,113362,113364],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,113359,154],{"class":153},[44,113361,157],{"class":58},[44,113363,395],{"class":111},[44,113365,162],{"class":58},[1960,113367,113369],{"id":113368},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113371,113372],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113374,113376],{"className":37,"code":113375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113377,113378,113394,113410,113414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113379,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113381,2673],{"class":50},[44,113383,55],{"class":54},[44,113385,59],{"class":58},[44,113387,2179],{"class":95},[44,113389,83],{"class":58},[44,113391,504],{"class":95},[44,113393,99],{"class":58},[44,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113397,2701],{"class":50},[44,113399,55],{"class":54},[44,113401,59],{"class":58},[44,113403,2173],{"class":95},[44,113405,83],{"class":58},[44,113407,2574],{"class":95},[44,113409,99],{"class":58},[44,113411,113412],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113413,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,113415,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426,113428,113430],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113417,154],{"class":153},[44,113419,157],{"class":58},[44,113421,395],{"class":111},[44,113423,108],{"class":58},[44,113425,111207],{"class":111},[44,113427,157],{"class":58},[44,113429,1005],{"class":111},[44,113431,1869],{"class":58},[20,113433,113434],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1960,113436,113438],{"id":113437},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113440,113442],{"className":37,"code":113441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113443,113444,113460,113482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113445,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456,113458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113447,4198],{"class":50},[44,113449,55],{"class":54},[44,113451,59],{"class":58},[44,113453,63],{"class":62},[44,113455,58060],{"class":66},[44,113457,63],{"class":62},[44,113459,99],{"class":58},[44,113461,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113463,1340],{"class":50},[44,113465,55],{"class":54},[44,113467,6297],{"class":50},[44,113469,108],{"class":58},[44,113471,111207],{"class":111},[44,113473,157],{"class":58},[44,113475,63],{"class":62},[44,113477,36971],{"class":66},[44,113479,63],{"class":62},[44,113481,162],{"class":58},[44,113483,113484,113486,113488,113490],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113485,154],{"class":153},[44,113487,157],{"class":58},[44,113489,1376],{"class":111},[44,113491,162],{"class":58},[20,113493,113494,113495,2307,113497,17153,113499,113501,113502,113504],{},"This adds ",[15,113496,66416],{},[15,113498,18174],{},[15,113500,112990],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113503,112974],{}," as one item.",[20,113506,113507],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113509,113511],{"className":37,"code":113510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113512,113513,113529,113551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113514,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113516,4198],{"class":50},[44,113518,55],{"class":54},[44,113520,59],{"class":58},[44,113522,63],{"class":62},[44,113524,58060],{"class":66},[44,113526,63],{"class":62},[44,113528,99],{"class":58},[44,113530,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113532,1340],{"class":50},[44,113534,55],{"class":54},[44,113536,6297],{"class":50},[44,113538,108],{"class":58},[44,113540,111207],{"class":111},[44,113542,3105],{"class":58},[44,113544,63],{"class":62},[44,113546,36971],{"class":66},[44,113548,63],{"class":62},[44,113550,4015],{"class":58},[44,113552,113553,113555,113557,113559],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113554,154],{"class":153},[44,113556,157],{"class":58},[44,113558,1376],{"class":111},[44,113560,162],{"class":58},[1960,113562,113564],{"id":113563},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113566,2955],{},[35,113568,113570],{"className":37,"code":113569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113571,113572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113573,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584,113586,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113575,15713],{"class":50},[44,113577,55],{"class":54},[44,113579,59],{"class":58},[44,113581,3108],{"class":95},[44,113583,83],{"class":58},[44,113585,1012],{"class":95},[44,113587,83],{"class":58},[44,113589,3746],{"class":58},[44,113591,2179],{"class":95},[44,113593,83],{"class":58},[44,113595,2574],{"class":95},[44,113597,13798],{"class":58},[20,113599,113600],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113602,113603,113604,72],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113605,102737],{},[35,113607,113609],{"className":37,"code":113608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113610,113611,113627,113649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113612,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113614,15713],{"class":50},[44,113616,55],{"class":54},[44,113618,59],{"class":58},[44,113620,3108],{"class":95},[44,113622,83],{"class":58},[44,113624,1012],{"class":95},[44,113626,99],{"class":58},[44,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113630,1340],{"class":50},[44,113632,55],{"class":54},[44,113634,96862],{"class":50},[44,113636,108],{"class":58},[44,113638,111207],{"class":111},[44,113640,3105],{"class":58},[44,113642,2179],{"class":95},[44,113644,83],{"class":58},[44,113646,2574],{"class":95},[44,113648,4015],{"class":58},[44,113650,113651,113653,113655,113657],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113652,154],{"class":153},[44,113654,157],{"class":58},[44,113656,1376],{"class":111},[44,113658,162],{"class":58},[30,113660,113662],{"id":113661},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113664,113665],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[192,113667,113668,113674,113681,113684],{},[195,113669,113670,113671,113673],{},"call ",[15,113672,102737],{}," without saving the returned set",[195,113675,113676,113677,8835,113679],{},"confuse ",[15,113678,102737],{},[15,113680,17],{},[195,113682,113683],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[195,113685,113686],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113688,113689,113690,4523,113694,108],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[395,113691,3697,113692,10852],{"href":102726},[15,113693,106511],{},[395,113695,3697,113697,10852],{"href":113696},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113698,100357],{},[20,113700,62229],{},[35,113702,113704],{"className":37,"code":113703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113705,113706,113716,113730,113740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113707,113708,113710,113712,113714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113709,154],{"class":153},[44,113711,157],{"class":58},[44,113713,15751],{"class":111},[44,113715,162],{"class":58},[44,113717,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113719,154],{"class":153},[44,113721,157],{"class":58},[44,113723,1862],{"class":1861},[44,113725,157],{"class":58},[44,113727,15751],{"class":111},[44,113729,1869],{"class":58},[44,113731,113732,113734,113736,113738],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113733,154],{"class":153},[44,113735,157],{"class":58},[44,113737,1376],{"class":111},[44,113739,162],{"class":58},[44,113741,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113743,1913],{"class":153},[44,113745,157],{"class":58},[44,113747,6416],{"class":1861},[44,113749,108],{"class":58},[44,113751,111207],{"class":1923},[44,113753,162],{"class":58},[30,113755,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,113757,1963,113759,102677],{"id":113758},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113760,107981],{},[20,113762,102680],{},[1960,113764,1984,113766,113768],{"id":113765},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113767,102737],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113770,113771],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1960,113773,1994,113775,113777],{"id":113774},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113776,102737],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113779,42079,113780,113782],{},[15,113781,102737],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1960,113784,113786],{"id":113785},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113788,113789],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1960,113791,2007,113793,4523,113795,2610],{"id":113792},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113794,102737],{},[15,113796,113797],{},"|",[20,113799,113800,113801,113803,113804,113806],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113802,113797],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113805,102737],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113808,2020],{"id":2019},[192,113810,113811,113815,113821,113827,113833],{},[195,113812,113813],{},[395,113814,96266],{"href":97437},[195,113816,113817],{},[395,113818,3697,113819,10852],{"href":98457},[15,113820,97252],{},[195,113822,113823],{},[395,113824,3697,113825,10852],{"href":102726},[15,113826,106511],{},[195,113828,113829],{},[395,113830,3697,113831,10852],{"href":113696},[15,113832,100357],{},[195,113834,113835],{},[395,113836,100282],{"href":99015},[2048,113838,113839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":113841},[113842,113843,113845,113846,113847,113848,113850,113856,113861,113868,113869,113880],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":111937,"depth":102,"text":113844},"What set.union() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":22040,"depth":102,"text":22041},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":112424,"depth":102,"text":113849},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112582,"depth":102,"text":113851,"children":113852},"Using union() with other iterables",[113853,113854,113855],{"id":112593,"depth":150,"text":112594},{"id":112713,"depth":150,"text":112714},{"id":112855,"depth":150,"text":112856},{"id":112993,"depth":102,"text":113857,"children":113858},"union() vs update()",[113859,113860],{"id":111207,"depth":150,"text":102737},{"id":112,"depth":150,"text":17},{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":113862},[113863,113865,113866,113867],{"id":113200,"depth":150,"text":113864},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113368,"depth":150,"text":113369},{"id":113437,"depth":150,"text":113438},{"id":113563,"depth":150,"text":113564},{"id":113661,"depth":102,"text":113662},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":113870},[113871,113873,113875,113877,113878],{"id":113758,"depth":150,"text":113872},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113765,"depth":150,"text":113874},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113774,"depth":150,"text":113876},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113785,"depth":150,"text":113786},{"id":113792,"depth":150,"text":113879},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111817,"description":113881},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113887,"title":113888,"body":113889,"description":115778,"extension":2080,"meta":115779,"navigation":682,"path":96751,"seo":115780,"stem":115781,"__hash__":115782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113890,"toc":115744},[113891,113896,113901,113909,113911,113969,113974,113979,113983,113995,113998,114072,114077,114079,114081,114100,114102,114119,114122,114149,114151,114221,114225,114227,114233,114235,114296,114301,114303,114360,114364,114369,114434,114436,114456,114463,114467,114472,114557,114560,114567,114670,114674,114679,114737,114740,114751,114765,114772,114830,114837,114840,114850,114854,114912,114916,114982,114985,115043,115050,115057,115060,115064,115073,115142,115146,115152,115240,115250,115254,115258,115262,115265,115326,115331,115388,115392,115394,115429,115436,115438,115492,115499,115503,115506,115571,115580,115586,115643,115645,115650,115654,115658,115661,115668,115676,115680,115685,115689,115695,115697,115732,115741],[10,113892,96138,113894,18],{"id":113893},"python-set-update-method",[15,113895,17],{},[20,113897,113898,113900],{},[15,113899,97252],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113902,113903,113904,113908],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[395,113905,113906],{"href":98438},[15,113907,96146],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,113910,3731],{"id":3730},[35,113912,113914],{"className":37,"code":113913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113915,113916,113932,113954,113964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113917,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113919,3741],{"class":50},[44,113921,55],{"class":54},[44,113923,59],{"class":58},[44,113925,3108],{"class":95},[44,113927,83],{"class":58},[44,113929,1012],{"class":95},[44,113931,99],{"class":58},[44,113933,113934,113936,113938,113940,113942,113944,113946,113948,113950,113952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,113935,3773],{"class":50},[44,113937,108],{"class":58},[44,113939,112],{"class":111},[44,113941,3105],{"class":58},[44,113943,2173],{"class":95},[44,113945,83],{"class":58},[44,113947,1017],{"class":95},[44,113949,83],{"class":58},[44,113951,2574],{"class":95},[44,113953,4015],{"class":58},[44,113955,113956,113958,113960,113962],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,113957,154],{"class":153},[44,113959,157],{"class":58},[44,113961,3773],{"class":111},[44,113963,162],{"class":58},[44,113965,113966],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,113967,113968],{"class":168},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113970,172,113971,113973],{},[15,113972,17],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,113975,179,113977,182],{"id":113976},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113978,97252],{},[20,113980,113981,72],{},[15,113982,97252],{},[192,113984,113985,113988,113990,113993],{},[195,113986,113987],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[195,113989,96253],{},[195,113991,113992],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[195,113994,96256],{},[20,113996,113997],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113999,114001],{"className":37,"code":114000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114002,114003,114027,114053,114057,114067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114004,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114006,13172],{"class":50},[44,114008,55],{"class":54},[44,114010,59],{"class":58},[44,114012,63],{"class":62},[44,114014,13189],{"class":66},[44,114016,63],{"class":62},[44,114018,83],{"class":58},[44,114020,75],{"class":62},[44,114022,13206],{"class":66},[44,114024,63],{"class":62},[44,114026,99],{"class":58},[44,114028,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037,114039,114041,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114030,17581],{"class":50},[44,114032,108],{"class":58},[44,114034,112],{"class":111},[44,114036,3105],{"class":58},[44,114038,63],{"class":62},[44,114040,13206],{"class":66},[44,114042,63],{"class":62},[44,114044,83],{"class":58},[44,114046,75],{"class":62},[44,114048,17534],{"class":66},[44,114050,63],{"class":62},[44,114052,4015],{"class":58},[44,114054,114055],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114056,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114058,114059,114061,114063,114065],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114060,154],{"class":153},[44,114062,157],{"class":58},[44,114064,17581],{"class":111},[44,114066,162],{"class":58},[44,114068,114069],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114070,114071],{"class":168},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114073,21049,114074,114076],{},[15,114075,110972],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,114078,402],{"id":401},[20,114080,7349],{},[35,114082,114084],{"className":37,"code":114083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114085,114086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114087,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114089,15751],{"class":50},[44,114091,108],{"class":58},[44,114093,112],{"class":111},[44,114095,157],{"class":58},[44,114097,3845],{"class":111},[44,114099,162],{"class":58},[20,114101,80138],{},[192,114103,114104,114107,114110,114113,114116],{},[195,114105,114106],{},"A list",[195,114108,114109],{},"A tuple",[195,114111,114112],{},"Another set",[195,114114,114115],{},"A string",[195,114117,114118],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114120,114121],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,114123,114125],{"className":37,"code":114124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114126,114127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114128,114129,114131,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114130,15751],{"class":50},[44,114132,108],{"class":58},[44,114134,112],{"class":111},[44,114136,157],{"class":58},[44,114138,395],{"class":111},[44,114140,83],{"class":58},[44,114142,2678],{"class":111},[44,114144,83],{"class":58},[44,114146,9797],{"class":111},[44,114148,162],{"class":58},[20,114150,223],{},[35,114152,114154],{"className":37,"code":114153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114155,114156,114168,114202,114206,114216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114157,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114159,3948],{"class":50},[44,114161,55],{"class":54},[44,114163,59],{"class":58},[44,114165,3108],{"class":95},[44,114167,99],{"class":58},[44,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114171,5488],{"class":50},[44,114173,108],{"class":58},[44,114175,112],{"class":111},[44,114177,3105],{"class":58},[44,114179,2173],{"class":95},[44,114181,83],{"class":58},[44,114183,1017],{"class":95},[44,114185,18140],{"class":58},[44,114187,857],{"class":58},[44,114189,2623],{"class":95},[44,114191,83],{"class":58},[44,114193,4736],{"class":95},[44,114195,854],{"class":58},[44,114197,59],{"class":58},[44,114199,80529],{"class":95},[44,114201,147],{"class":58},[44,114203,114204],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114205,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114207,114208,114210,114212,114214],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114209,154],{"class":153},[44,114211,157],{"class":58},[44,114213,5488],{"class":111},[44,114215,162],{"class":58},[44,114217,114218],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114219,114220],{"class":168},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114222,96262,114223,108],{},[395,114224,96270],{"href":97821},[30,114226,22041],{"id":22040},[20,114228,114229,1298,114231,108],{},[15,114230,97252],{},[15,114232,217],{},[20,114234,11819],{},[35,114236,114238],{"className":37,"code":114237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114239,114240,114256,114278,114282,114292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114243,3741],{"class":50},[44,114245,55],{"class":54},[44,114247,59],{"class":58},[44,114249,3108],{"class":95},[44,114251,83],{"class":58},[44,114253,1012],{"class":95},[44,114255,99],{"class":58},[44,114257,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114259,1340],{"class":50},[44,114261,55],{"class":54},[44,114263,4392],{"class":50},[44,114265,108],{"class":58},[44,114267,112],{"class":111},[44,114269,3105],{"class":58},[44,114271,2179],{"class":95},[44,114273,83],{"class":58},[44,114275,2574],{"class":95},[44,114277,4015],{"class":58},[44,114279,114280],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114281,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114283,114284,114286,114288,114290],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114285,154],{"class":153},[44,114287,157],{"class":58},[44,114289,1376],{"class":111},[44,114291,162],{"class":58},[44,114293,114294],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114295,61765],{"class":168},[20,114297,114298,114299,108],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114300,1376],{},[20,114302,19045],{},[35,114304,114306],{"className":37,"code":114305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114307,114308,114324,114342,114346,114356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114309,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114311,3741],{"class":50},[44,114313,55],{"class":54},[44,114315,59],{"class":58},[44,114317,3108],{"class":95},[44,114319,83],{"class":58},[44,114321,1012],{"class":95},[44,114323,99],{"class":58},[44,114325,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114327,3773],{"class":50},[44,114329,108],{"class":58},[44,114331,112],{"class":111},[44,114333,3105],{"class":58},[44,114335,2179],{"class":95},[44,114337,83],{"class":58},[44,114339,2574],{"class":95},[44,114341,4015],{"class":58},[44,114343,114344],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114345,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114347,114348,114350,114352,114354],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114349,154],{"class":153},[44,114351,157],{"class":58},[44,114353,3773],{"class":111},[44,114355,162],{"class":58},[44,114357,114358],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114359,113968],{"class":168},[30,114361,114363],{"id":114362},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114365,114366,114367,108],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114368,17],{},[35,114370,114372],{"className":37,"code":114371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114373,114374,114390,114416,114420,114430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114375,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386,114388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114377,3741],{"class":50},[44,114379,55],{"class":54},[44,114381,59],{"class":58},[44,114383,3108],{"class":95},[44,114385,83],{"class":58},[44,114387,1012],{"class":95},[44,114389,99],{"class":58},[44,114391,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114393,3773],{"class":50},[44,114395,108],{"class":58},[44,114397,112],{"class":111},[44,114399,3105],{"class":58},[44,114401,2173],{"class":95},[44,114403,83],{"class":58},[44,114405,1017],{"class":95},[44,114407,83],{"class":58},[44,114409,2574],{"class":95},[44,114411,83],{"class":58},[44,114413,2574],{"class":95},[44,114415,4015],{"class":58},[44,114417,114418],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114419,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114421,114422,114424,114426,114428],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114423,154],{"class":153},[44,114425,157],{"class":58},[44,114427,3773],{"class":111},[44,114429,162],{"class":58},[44,114431,114432],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114433,113968],{"class":168},[20,114435,11788],{},[192,114437,114438,114443,114450],{},[195,114439,114440,114442],{},[15,114441,2173],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[195,114444,114445,4523,114447,114449],{},[15,114446,2179],{},[15,114448,2623],{}," are added",[195,114451,114452,114453,114455],{},"The second ",[15,114454,2623],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114457,114458,114459,114462],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[395,114460,114461],{"href":99015},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114464,114466],{"id":114465},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114468,7893,114469,114471],{},[15,114470,17],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114473,114475],{"className":37,"code":114474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114476,114477,114498,114519,114523,114539,114543,114553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114478,114479,114482,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114480,114481],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114483,55],{"class":54},[44,114485,59],{"class":58},[44,114487,3108],{"class":95},[44,114489,83],{"class":58},[44,114491,1012],{"class":95},[44,114493,83],{"class":58},[44,114495,1017],{"class":95},[44,114497,99],{"class":58},[44,114499,114500,114503,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513,114515,114517],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114501,114502],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114504,55],{"class":54},[44,114506,59],{"class":58},[44,114508,2179],{"class":95},[44,114510,83],{"class":58},[44,114512,2574],{"class":95},[44,114514,83],{"class":58},[44,114516,4736],{"class":95},[44,114518,99],{"class":58},[44,114520,114521],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114522,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114524,114525,114528,114530,114532,114534,114537],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114526,114527],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114529,108],{"class":58},[44,114531,112],{"class":111},[44,114533,157],{"class":58},[44,114535,114536],{"class":111},"set_b",[44,114538,162],{"class":58},[44,114540,114541],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114542,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114544,114545,114547,114549,114551],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,114546,154],{"class":153},[44,114548,157],{"class":58},[44,114550,114527],{"class":111},[44,114552,162],{"class":58},[44,114554,114555],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,114556,111929],{"class":168},[20,114558,114559],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114561,114562,114563,108],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[395,114564,114565],{"href":102734},[15,114566,107981],{},[35,114568,114570],{"className":37,"code":114569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114571,114572,114592,114612,114616,114636,114640,114651,114655,114665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114573,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586,114588,114590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114575,114481],{"class":50},[44,114577,55],{"class":54},[44,114579,59],{"class":58},[44,114581,3108],{"class":95},[44,114583,83],{"class":58},[44,114585,1012],{"class":95},[44,114587,83],{"class":58},[44,114589,1017],{"class":95},[44,114591,99],{"class":58},[44,114593,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608,114610],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114595,114502],{"class":50},[44,114597,55],{"class":54},[44,114599,59],{"class":58},[44,114601,2179],{"class":95},[44,114603,83],{"class":58},[44,114605,2574],{"class":95},[44,114607,83],{"class":58},[44,114609,4736],{"class":95},[44,114611,99],{"class":58},[44,114613,114614],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114615,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114617,114618,114621,114623,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114619,114620],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114622,55],{"class":54},[44,114624,114625],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114627,108],{"class":58},[44,114629,111207],{"class":111},[44,114631,157],{"class":58},[44,114633,114536],{"class":111},[44,114635,162],{"class":58},[44,114637,114638],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114639,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114641,114642,114644,114646,114649],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,114643,154],{"class":153},[44,114645,157],{"class":58},[44,114647,114648],{"class":111},"combined",[44,114650,162],{"class":58},[44,114652,114653],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,114654,111929],{"class":168},[44,114656,114657,114659,114661,114663],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,114658,154],{"class":153},[44,114660,157],{"class":58},[44,114662,114527],{"class":111},[44,114664,162],{"class":58},[44,114666,114667],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,114668,114669],{"class":168},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114671,114673],{"id":114672},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114675,64674,114676,114678],{},[15,114677,17],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114680,114682],{"className":37,"code":114681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114683,114684,114700,114718,114722,114732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114685,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114687,36013],{"class":50},[44,114689,55],{"class":54},[44,114691,59],{"class":58},[44,114693,63],{"class":62},[44,114695,2291],{"class":66},[44,114697,63],{"class":62},[44,114699,99],{"class":58},[44,114701,114702,114704,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114703,36066],{"class":50},[44,114705,108],{"class":58},[44,114707,112],{"class":111},[44,114709,157],{"class":58},[44,114711,63],{"class":62},[44,114713,36971],{"class":66},[44,114715,63],{"class":62},[44,114717,162],{"class":58},[44,114719,114720],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114721,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114723,114724,114726,114728,114730],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114725,154],{"class":153},[44,114727,157],{"class":58},[44,114729,36066],{"class":111},[44,114731,162],{"class":58},[44,114733,114734],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114735,114736],{"class":168},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114738,114739],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114741,114742,14140,114745,114747,114748,114750],{},[15,114743,114744],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3868,114746,4762],{}," add ",[15,114749,112974],{}," as one item. It adds:",[192,114752,114753,114757,114761],{},[195,114754,114755],{},[15,114756,66416],{},[195,114758,114759],{},[15,114760,18174],{},[195,114762,114763],{},[15,114764,112990],{},[20,114766,114767,114768,72],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[395,114769,114770],{"href":98438},[15,114771,96146],{},[35,114773,114775],{"className":37,"code":114774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114776,114777,114793,114811,114815,114825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114778,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787,114789,114791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114780,4198],{"class":50},[44,114782,55],{"class":54},[44,114784,59],{"class":58},[44,114786,63],{"class":62},[44,114788,58060],{"class":66},[44,114790,63],{"class":62},[44,114792,99],{"class":58},[44,114794,114795,114797,114799,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114796,4242],{"class":50},[44,114798,108],{"class":58},[44,114800,82041],{"class":111},[44,114802,157],{"class":58},[44,114804,63],{"class":62},[44,114806,36971],{"class":66},[44,114808,63],{"class":62},[44,114810,162],{"class":58},[44,114812,114813],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114814,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114816,114817,114819,114821,114823],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114818,154],{"class":153},[44,114820,157],{"class":58},[44,114822,4242],{"class":111},[44,114824,162],{"class":58},[44,114826,114827],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114828,114829],{"class":168},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114831,114833,10698,114835],{"id":114832},"update-vs-add",[15,114834,17],{},[15,114836,96141],{},[20,114838,114839],{},"The difference is simple:",[192,114841,114842,114846],{},[195,114843,114844,96740],{},[15,114845,96141],{},[195,114847,114848,96745],{},[15,114849,17],{},[20,114851,45969,114852,72],{},[15,114853,96141],{},[35,114855,114857],{"className":37,"code":114856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114858,114859,114875,114893,114897,114907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114862,36162],{"class":50},[44,114864,55],{"class":54},[44,114866,59],{"class":58},[44,114868,63],{"class":62},[44,114870,4207],{"class":66},[44,114872,63],{"class":62},[44,114874,99],{"class":58},[44,114876,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114878,36214],{"class":50},[44,114880,108],{"class":58},[44,114882,82041],{"class":111},[44,114884,157],{"class":58},[44,114886,63],{"class":62},[44,114888,4216],{"class":66},[44,114890,63],{"class":62},[44,114892,162],{"class":58},[44,114894,114895],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114896,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114898,114899,114901,114903,114905],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114900,154],{"class":153},[44,114902,157],{"class":58},[44,114904,36214],{"class":111},[44,114906,162],{"class":58},[44,114908,114909],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114910,114911],{"class":168},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114913,45969,114914,72],{},[15,114915,17],{},[35,114917,114919],{"className":37,"code":114918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114920,114921,114937,114963,114967,114977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114922,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114924,36162],{"class":50},[44,114926,55],{"class":54},[44,114928,59],{"class":58},[44,114930,63],{"class":62},[44,114932,4207],{"class":66},[44,114934,63],{"class":62},[44,114936,99],{"class":58},[44,114938,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,114940,36214],{"class":50},[44,114942,108],{"class":58},[44,114944,112],{"class":111},[44,114946,3105],{"class":58},[44,114948,63],{"class":62},[44,114950,4216],{"class":66},[44,114952,63],{"class":62},[44,114954,83],{"class":58},[44,114956,75],{"class":62},[44,114958,33140],{"class":66},[44,114960,63],{"class":62},[44,114962,4015],{"class":58},[44,114964,114965],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,114966,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,114968,114969,114971,114973,114975],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,114970,154],{"class":153},[44,114972,157],{"class":58},[44,114974,36214],{"class":111},[44,114976,162],{"class":58},[44,114978,114979],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,114980,114981],{"class":168},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114983,114984],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114986,114988],{"className":37,"code":114987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114989,114990,115006,115024,115028,115038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114993,36162],{"class":50},[44,114995,55],{"class":54},[44,114997,59],{"class":58},[44,114999,63],{"class":62},[44,115001,4207],{"class":66},[44,115003,63],{"class":62},[44,115005,99],{"class":58},[44,115007,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115009,36214],{"class":50},[44,115011,108],{"class":58},[44,115013,112],{"class":111},[44,115015,157],{"class":58},[44,115017,63],{"class":62},[44,115019,38266],{"class":66},[44,115021,63],{"class":62},[44,115023,162],{"class":58},[44,115025,115026],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115027,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115029,115030,115032,115034,115036],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115031,154],{"class":153},[44,115033,157],{"class":58},[44,115035,36214],{"class":111},[44,115037,162],{"class":58},[44,115039,115040],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115041,115042],{"class":168},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115044,62040,115045,62113,115048,6761],{},[15,115046,115047],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115049,96141],{},[30,115051,115053,10698,115055],{"id":115052},"update-vs-union",[15,115054,17],{},[15,115056,102737],{},[20,115058,115059],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1960,115061,115062],{"id":112},[15,115063,17],{},[192,115065,115066,115069],{},[195,115067,115068],{},"Changes the existing set",[195,115070,11530,115071],{},[15,115072,217],{},[35,115074,115076],{"className":37,"code":115075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115077,115078,115094,115110,115114,115128,115138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115079,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115081,2673],{"class":50},[44,115083,55],{"class":54},[44,115085,59],{"class":58},[44,115087,3108],{"class":95},[44,115089,83],{"class":58},[44,115091,1012],{"class":95},[44,115093,99],{"class":58},[44,115095,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115097,2701],{"class":50},[44,115099,55],{"class":54},[44,115101,59],{"class":58},[44,115103,2173],{"class":95},[44,115105,83],{"class":58},[44,115107,1017],{"class":95},[44,115109,99],{"class":58},[44,115111,115112],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115113,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115115,115116,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115117,395],{"class":50},[44,115119,108],{"class":58},[44,115121,112],{"class":111},[44,115123,157],{"class":58},[44,115125,1005],{"class":111},[44,115127,162],{"class":58},[44,115129,115130,115132,115134,115136],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115131,154],{"class":153},[44,115133,157],{"class":58},[44,115135,395],{"class":111},[44,115137,162],{"class":58},[44,115139,115140],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,115141,114669],{"class":168},[1960,115143,115144],{"id":111207},[15,115145,102737],{},[192,115147,115148,115150],{},[195,115149,101275],{},[195,115151,101278],{},[35,115153,115155],{"className":37,"code":115154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115156,115157,115173,115189,115193,115211,115221,115225,115235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115158,115159,115161,115163,115165,115167,115169,115171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115160,2673],{"class":50},[44,115162,55],{"class":54},[44,115164,59],{"class":58},[44,115166,3108],{"class":95},[44,115168,83],{"class":58},[44,115170,1012],{"class":95},[44,115172,99],{"class":58},[44,115174,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115176,2701],{"class":50},[44,115178,55],{"class":54},[44,115180,59],{"class":58},[44,115182,2173],{"class":95},[44,115184,83],{"class":58},[44,115186,1017],{"class":95},[44,115188,99],{"class":58},[44,115190,115191],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115192,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115194,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205,115207,115209],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115196,83121],{"class":50},[44,115198,55],{"class":54},[44,115200,56820],{"class":50},[44,115202,108],{"class":58},[44,115204,111207],{"class":111},[44,115206,157],{"class":58},[44,115208,1005],{"class":111},[44,115210,162],{"class":58},[44,115212,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115214,154],{"class":153},[44,115216,157],{"class":58},[44,115218,9855],{"class":111},[44,115220,162],{"class":58},[44,115222,115223],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,115224,114669],{"class":168},[44,115226,115227,115229,115231,115233],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,115228,154],{"class":153},[44,115230,157],{"class":58},[44,115232,395],{"class":111},[44,115234,162],{"class":58},[44,115236,115237],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,115238,115239],{"class":168},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115241,107623,115242,115244,115245,115249],{},[15,115243,17],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[395,115246,115247],{"href":102734},[15,115248,102737],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,115251,115253],{"id":115252},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115255,1806,115256,108],{},[15,115257,97252],{},[1960,115259,115261],{"id":115260},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115263,115264],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,115266,115268],{"className":37,"code":115267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115269,115270,115286,115308,115312,115322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115271,115272,115274,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115273,15713],{"class":50},[44,115275,55],{"class":54},[44,115277,59],{"class":58},[44,115279,3108],{"class":95},[44,115281,83],{"class":58},[44,115283,1012],{"class":95},[44,115285,99],{"class":58},[44,115287,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115289,1340],{"class":50},[44,115291,55],{"class":54},[44,115293,96862],{"class":50},[44,115295,108],{"class":58},[44,115297,112],{"class":111},[44,115299,3105],{"class":58},[44,115301,2179],{"class":95},[44,115303,83],{"class":58},[44,115305,2574],{"class":95},[44,115307,4015],{"class":58},[44,115309,115310],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115311,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115313,115314,115316,115318,115320],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115315,154],{"class":153},[44,115317,157],{"class":58},[44,115319,1376],{"class":111},[44,115321,162],{"class":58},[44,115323,115324],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115325,61765],{"class":168},[20,115327,115328,115329,72],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115330,17],{},[35,115332,115334],{"className":37,"code":115333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115335,115336,115352,115370,115374,115384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115337,115338,115340,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115339,15713],{"class":50},[44,115341,55],{"class":54},[44,115343,59],{"class":58},[44,115345,3108],{"class":95},[44,115347,83],{"class":58},[44,115349,1012],{"class":95},[44,115351,99],{"class":58},[44,115353,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115355,15751],{"class":50},[44,115357,108],{"class":58},[44,115359,112],{"class":111},[44,115361,3105],{"class":58},[44,115363,2179],{"class":95},[44,115365,83],{"class":58},[44,115367,2574],{"class":95},[44,115369,4015],{"class":58},[44,115371,115372],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115373,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115375,115376,115378,115380,115382],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115377,154],{"class":153},[44,115379,157],{"class":58},[44,115381,15751],{"class":111},[44,115383,162],{"class":58},[44,115385,115386],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115387,113968],{"class":168},[1960,115389,115391],{"id":115390},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115393,2955],{},[35,115395,115397],{"className":37,"code":115396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115398,115399,115415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115400,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409,115411,115413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115402,15713],{"class":50},[44,115404,55],{"class":54},[44,115406,59],{"class":58},[44,115408,3108],{"class":95},[44,115410,83],{"class":58},[44,115412,1012],{"class":95},[44,115414,99],{"class":58},[44,115416,115417,115419,115421,115423,115425,115427],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115418,15751],{"class":50},[44,115420,108],{"class":58},[44,115422,112],{"class":111},[44,115424,157],{"class":58},[44,115426,2254],{"class":95},[44,115428,162],{"class":58},[20,115430,62219,115431,8732,115433,115435],{},[15,115432,3125],{},[15,115434,2254],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115437,6684],{},[35,115439,115441],{"className":37,"code":115440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115442,115443,115459,115473,115477,115487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115444,115445,115447,115449,115451,115453,115455,115457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115446,15713],{"class":50},[44,115448,55],{"class":54},[44,115450,59],{"class":58},[44,115452,3108],{"class":95},[44,115454,83],{"class":58},[44,115456,1012],{"class":95},[44,115458,99],{"class":58},[44,115460,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115462,15751],{"class":50},[44,115464,108],{"class":58},[44,115466,112],{"class":111},[44,115468,3105],{"class":58},[44,115470,2254],{"class":95},[44,115472,4015],{"class":58},[44,115474,115475],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115476,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115478,115479,115481,115483,115485],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115480,154],{"class":153},[44,115482,157],{"class":58},[44,115484,15751],{"class":111},[44,115486,162],{"class":58},[44,115488,115489],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115490,115491],{"class":168},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115493,45842,115494,108],{},[395,115495,25748,115496],{"href":52531},[15,115497,115498],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1960,115500,115502],{"id":115501},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115504,115505],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115507,115509],{"className":37,"code":115508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115510,115511,115527,115553,115557,115567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115512,115513,115515,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115514,15713],{"class":50},[44,115516,55],{"class":54},[44,115518,59],{"class":58},[44,115520,3108],{"class":95},[44,115522,83],{"class":58},[44,115524,1012],{"class":95},[44,115526,99],{"class":58},[44,115528,115529,115531,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115530,15751],{"class":50},[44,115532,108],{"class":58},[44,115534,112],{"class":111},[44,115536,3105],{"class":58},[44,115538,2173],{"class":95},[44,115540,83],{"class":58},[44,115542,1012],{"class":95},[44,115544,83],{"class":58},[44,115546,1012],{"class":95},[44,115548,83],{"class":58},[44,115550,1017],{"class":95},[44,115552,4015],{"class":58},[44,115554,115555],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115556,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115558,115559,115561,115563,115565],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115560,154],{"class":153},[44,115562,157],{"class":58},[44,115564,15751],{"class":111},[44,115566,162],{"class":58},[44,115568,115569],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115570,114669],{"class":168},[1960,115572,115574,115575,44558,115577,115579],{"id":115573},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115576,17],{},[15,115578,96141],{}," is better",[20,115581,115582,115583,115585],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115584,96141],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115587,115589],{"className":37,"code":115588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115590,115591,115607,115625,115629,115639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115592,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115594,15713],{"class":50},[44,115596,55],{"class":54},[44,115598,59],{"class":58},[44,115600,63],{"class":62},[44,115602,58060],{"class":66},[44,115604,63],{"class":62},[44,115606,99],{"class":58},[44,115608,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115610,15751],{"class":50},[44,115612,108],{"class":58},[44,115614,82041],{"class":111},[44,115616,157],{"class":58},[44,115618,63],{"class":62},[44,115620,36971],{"class":66},[44,115622,63],{"class":62},[44,115624,162],{"class":58},[44,115626,115627],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115628,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115632,154],{"class":153},[44,115634,157],{"class":58},[44,115636,15751],{"class":111},[44,115638,162],{"class":58},[44,115640,115641],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115642,114829],{"class":168},[30,115644,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,115646,1963,115648,97231],{"id":115647},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115649,97252],{},[20,115651,97234,115652,108],{},[15,115653,217],{},[1960,115655,1994,115656,1997],{"id":1993},[15,115657,17],{},[20,115659,115660],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1960,115662,2007,115664,4523,115666,2610],{"id":115663},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115665,96141],{},[15,115667,17],{},[20,115669,115670,115672,115673,115675],{},[15,115671,96141],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115674,17],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1960,115677,115679],{"id":115678},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115681,115682,115683,114678],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115684,17],{},[1960,115686,115688],{"id":115687},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115690,172,115691,11202,115693,108],{},[15,115692,102737],{},[15,115694,17],{},[30,115696,2020],{"id":2019},[192,115698,115699,115706,115713,115719,115725],{},[195,115700,115701],{},[395,115702,115703],{"href":98438},[15,115704,115705],{},"Python set add() method",[195,115707,115708],{},[395,115709,115710],{"href":102734},[15,115711,115712],{},"Python set union() method",[195,115714,115715],{},[395,115716,115717],{"href":97821},[15,115718,97276],{},[195,115720,115721],{},[395,115722,115723],{"href":99015},[15,115724,100282],{},[195,115726,115727],{},[395,115728,115729,115731],{"href":52531},[15,115730,115498],{}," fix",[20,115733,115734,115735,115737,115738,115740],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115736,96146],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115739,107981],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2048,115742,115743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":115745},[115746,115747,115749,115750,115751,115752,115753,115754,115756,115761,115768,115777],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":113976,"depth":102,"text":115748},"What set.update() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":22040,"depth":102,"text":22041},{"id":114362,"depth":102,"text":114363},{"id":114465,"depth":102,"text":114466},{"id":114672,"depth":102,"text":114673},{"id":114832,"depth":102,"text":115755},"update() vs add()",{"id":115052,"depth":102,"text":115757,"children":115758},"update() vs union()",[115759,115760],{"id":112,"depth":150,"text":17},{"id":111207,"depth":150,"text":102737},{"id":115252,"depth":102,"text":115253,"children":115762},[115763,115764,115765,115766],{"id":115260,"depth":150,"text":115261},{"id":115390,"depth":150,"text":115391},{"id":115501,"depth":150,"text":115502},{"id":115573,"depth":150,"text":115767},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":115769},[115770,115772,115773,115775,115776],{"id":115647,"depth":150,"text":115771},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":1993,"depth":150,"text":2075},{"id":115663,"depth":150,"text":115774},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115678,"depth":150,"text":115679},{"id":115687,"depth":150,"text":115688},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113888,"description":115778},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115784,"title":115785,"body":115786,"description":117552,"extension":2080,"meta":117553,"navigation":682,"path":13882,"seo":117554,"stem":117555,"__hash__":117556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115787,"toc":117527},[115788,115791,115794,115797,115808,115816,115819,115821,115970,115982,115986,116003,116007,116015,116017,116028,116030,116127,116133,116136,116232,116241,116246,116250,116255,116257,116267,116269,116378,116386,116390,116393,116396,116413,116419,116499,116502,116506,116509,116513,116516,116575,116578,116582,116585,116677,116681,116684,116791,116795,116801,116829,116831,116913,116923,116927,116930,116941,116944,117029,117032,117037,117041,117044,117055,117058,117200,117203,117207,117210,117224,117227,117288,117294,117296,117299,117321,117324,117424,117427,117459,117461,117465,117468,117470,117473,117477,117480,117484,117487,117491,117494,117496,117524],[10,115789,115785],{"id":115790},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115792,115793],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115795,115796],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[192,115798,115799,115802,115805],{},[195,115800,115801],{},"a list inside another list",[195,115803,115804],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[195,115806,115807],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115809,100204,115810,4523,115812,115815],{},[3868,115811,12949],{},[3868,115813,115814],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115817,115818],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,115820,33],{"id":32},[35,115822,115824],{"className":37,"code":115823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115825,115826,115833,115837,115863,115883,115903,115907,115925,115929,115942,115956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115827,115828,115830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115829,35012],{"class":4002},[44,115831,115832],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115834,115835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,115836,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115838,115839,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,115840,1585],{"class":50},[44,115842,55],{"class":54},[44,115844,56226],{"class":58},[44,115846,3108],{"class":95},[44,115848,83],{"class":58},[44,115850,1012],{"class":95},[44,115852,18140],{"class":58},[44,115854,3746],{"class":58},[44,115856,2179],{"class":95},[44,115858,83],{"class":58},[44,115860,2574],{"class":95},[44,115862,53174],{"class":58},[44,115864,115865,115868,115870,115873,115875,115877,115879,115881],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,115866,115867],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115869,55],{"class":54},[44,115871,115872],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115874,108],{"class":58},[44,115876,1632],{"class":111},[44,115878,157],{"class":58},[44,115880,1692],{"class":111},[44,115882,162],{"class":58},[44,115884,115885,115888,115890,115892,115894,115897,115899,115901],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,115886,115887],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115889,55],{"class":54},[44,115891,115872],{"class":50},[44,115893,108],{"class":58},[44,115895,115896],{"class":111},"deepcopy",[44,115898,157],{"class":58},[44,115900,1692],{"class":111},[44,115902,162],{"class":58},[44,115904,115905],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,115906,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115908,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,115910,1692],{"class":50},[44,115912,4027],{"class":58},[44,115914,2237],{"class":95},[44,115916,13643],{"class":58},[44,115918,13646],{"class":111},[44,115920,157],{"class":58},[44,115922,56279],{"class":95},[44,115924,162],{"class":58},[44,115926,115927],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,115928,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,115930,115931,115933,115935,115937,115939],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,115932,154],{"class":153},[44,115934,157],{"class":58},[44,115936,1692],{"class":111},[44,115938,3786],{"class":58},[44,115940,115941],{"class":168},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115943,115944,115946,115948,115951,115953],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,115945,154],{"class":153},[44,115947,157],{"class":58},[44,115949,115950],{"class":111},"shallow",[44,115952,3786],{"class":58},[44,115954,115955],{"class":168},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115957,115958,115960,115962,115965,115967],{"class":46,"line":11699},[44,115959,154],{"class":153},[44,115961,157],{"class":58},[44,115963,115964],{"class":111},"deep",[44,115966,3786],{"class":58},[44,115968,115969],{"class":168},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115971,172,115972,115975,115976,4523,115978,115981],{},[15,115973,115974],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3868,115977,12949],{},[15,115979,115980],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,115983,115985],{"id":115984},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[192,115987,115988,115991,115994,115997,116000],{},[195,115989,115990],{},"What a copy means in Python",[195,115992,115993],{},"How shallow copy works",[195,115995,115996],{},"How deep copy works",[195,115998,115999],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[195,116001,116002],{},"When to use each approach",[30,116004,116006],{"id":116005},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116008,15274,116009,116011,116012,116014],{},[3868,116010,12949],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3868,116013,4762],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116016,2224],{},[192,116018,116019,116022,116025],{},[195,116020,116021],{},"the outer container is new",[195,116023,116024],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[195,116026,116027],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116029,223],{},[35,116031,116033],{"className":37,"code":116032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116034,116035,116061,116075,116079,116097,116101,116114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116036,116037,116039,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055,116057,116059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116038,1585],{"class":50},[44,116040,55],{"class":54},[44,116042,56226],{"class":58},[44,116044,3108],{"class":95},[44,116046,83],{"class":58},[44,116048,1012],{"class":95},[44,116050,18140],{"class":58},[44,116052,3746],{"class":58},[44,116054,2179],{"class":95},[44,116056,83],{"class":58},[44,116058,2574],{"class":95},[44,116060,53174],{"class":58},[44,116062,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071,116073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116064,14398],{"class":50},[44,116066,55],{"class":54},[44,116068,1627],{"class":50},[44,116070,108],{"class":58},[44,116072,1632],{"class":111},[44,116074,1635],{"class":58},[44,116076,116077],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116078,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116080,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116082,14417],{"class":50},[44,116084,108],{"class":58},[44,116086,13646],{"class":111},[44,116088,3105],{"class":58},[44,116090,2254],{"class":95},[44,116092,83],{"class":58},[44,116094,37568],{"class":95},[44,116096,4015],{"class":58},[44,116098,116099],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116100,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116102,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,116104,154],{"class":153},[44,116106,157],{"class":58},[44,116108,1692],{"class":111},[44,116110,3786],{"class":58},[44,116112,116113],{"class":168},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116115,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,116117,154],{"class":153},[44,116119,157],{"class":58},[44,116121,14417],{"class":111},[44,116123,3786],{"class":58},[44,116125,116126],{"class":168},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116128,116129,116130,116132],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116131,14417],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116134,116135],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,116137,116139],{"className":37,"code":116138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116140,116141,116167,116181,116185,116203,116207,116219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116142,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116144,1585],{"class":50},[44,116146,55],{"class":54},[44,116148,56226],{"class":58},[44,116150,3108],{"class":95},[44,116152,83],{"class":58},[44,116154,1012],{"class":95},[44,116156,18140],{"class":58},[44,116158,3746],{"class":58},[44,116160,2179],{"class":95},[44,116162,83],{"class":58},[44,116164,2574],{"class":95},[44,116166,53174],{"class":58},[44,116168,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116170,14398],{"class":50},[44,116172,55],{"class":54},[44,116174,1627],{"class":50},[44,116176,108],{"class":58},[44,116178,1632],{"class":111},[44,116180,1635],{"class":58},[44,116182,116183],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116184,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116188,14417],{"class":50},[44,116190,4027],{"class":58},[44,116192,2237],{"class":95},[44,116194,13643],{"class":58},[44,116196,13646],{"class":111},[44,116198,157],{"class":58},[44,116200,56279],{"class":95},[44,116202,162],{"class":58},[44,116204,116205],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116206,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116208,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,116210,154],{"class":153},[44,116212,157],{"class":58},[44,116214,1692],{"class":111},[44,116216,3786],{"class":58},[44,116218,115941],{"class":168},[44,116220,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,116222,154],{"class":153},[44,116224,157],{"class":58},[44,116226,14417],{"class":111},[44,116228,3786],{"class":58},[44,116230,116231],{"class":168},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116233,116234,116235,4523,116237,116240],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116236,56383],{},[15,116238,116239],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116242,116243,116244,108],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[395,116245,43864],{"href":12169},[30,116247,116249],{"id":116248},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116251,15274,116252,116254],{},[3868,116253,115814],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116256,2224],{},[192,116258,116259,116261,116264],{},[195,116260,116021],{},[195,116262,116263],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[195,116265,116266],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116268,223],{},[35,116270,116272],{"className":37,"code":116271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116273,116274,116280,116284,116310,116328,116332,116350,116354,116366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116275,116276,116278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116277,35012],{"class":4002},[44,116279,115832],{"class":50},[44,116281,116282],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116283,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116285,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116287,1585],{"class":50},[44,116289,55],{"class":54},[44,116291,56226],{"class":58},[44,116293,3108],{"class":95},[44,116295,83],{"class":58},[44,116297,1012],{"class":95},[44,116299,18140],{"class":58},[44,116301,3746],{"class":58},[44,116303,2179],{"class":95},[44,116305,83],{"class":58},[44,116307,2574],{"class":95},[44,116309,53174],{"class":58},[44,116311,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116313,14398],{"class":50},[44,116315,55],{"class":54},[44,116317,115872],{"class":50},[44,116319,108],{"class":58},[44,116321,115896],{"class":111},[44,116323,157],{"class":58},[44,116325,1692],{"class":111},[44,116327,162],{"class":58},[44,116329,116330],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116331,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116333,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,116335,14417],{"class":50},[44,116337,4027],{"class":58},[44,116339,2237],{"class":95},[44,116341,13643],{"class":58},[44,116343,13646],{"class":111},[44,116345,157],{"class":58},[44,116347,56279],{"class":95},[44,116349,162],{"class":58},[44,116351,116352],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,116353,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116355,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,116357,154],{"class":153},[44,116359,157],{"class":58},[44,116361,1692],{"class":111},[44,116363,3786],{"class":58},[44,116365,116113],{"class":168},[44,116367,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,116369,154],{"class":153},[44,116371,157],{"class":58},[44,116373,14417],{"class":111},[44,116375,3786],{"class":58},[44,116377,116231],{"class":168},[20,116379,116380,116381,116383,116384,108],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116382,116239],{}," does not change ",[15,116385,56383],{},[30,116387,116389],{"id":116388},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116391,116392],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116394,116395],{},"Common reasons:",[192,116397,116398,116401,116404,116410],{},[195,116399,116400],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[195,116402,116403],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[195,116405,116406,116407,116409],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116408,55],{}," does not make a copy",[195,116411,116412],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116414,116415,116416,116418],{},"For example, this does ",[3868,116417,4762],{}," create a copy:",[35,116420,116422],{"className":37,"code":116421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116423,116424,116444,116452,116456,116470,116474,116486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116425,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116427,1585],{"class":50},[44,116429,55],{"class":54},[44,116431,3746],{"class":58},[44,116433,3108],{"class":95},[44,116435,83],{"class":58},[44,116437,1012],{"class":95},[44,116439,83],{"class":58},[44,116441,1017],{"class":95},[44,116443,3759],{"class":58},[44,116445,116446,116448,116450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116447,14398],{"class":50},[44,116449,55],{"class":54},[44,116451,12227],{"class":50},[44,116453,116454],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116455,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116457,116458,116460,116462,116464,116466,116468],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116459,14417],{"class":50},[44,116461,108],{"class":58},[44,116463,13646],{"class":111},[44,116465,157],{"class":58},[44,116467,2623],{"class":95},[44,116469,162],{"class":58},[44,116471,116472],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116473,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116475,116476,116478,116480,116482,116484],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,116477,154],{"class":153},[44,116479,157],{"class":58},[44,116481,1692],{"class":111},[44,116483,3786],{"class":58},[44,116485,55633],{"class":168},[44,116487,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,116489,154],{"class":153},[44,116491,157],{"class":58},[44,116493,14417],{"class":111},[44,116495,3786],{"class":58},[44,116497,116498],{"class":168},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116500,116501],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116503,116505],{"id":116504},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116507,116508],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1960,116510,116512],{"id":116511},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116514,116515],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116517,116519],{"className":37,"code":116518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116520,116521,116547,116555,116559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116522,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116524,1585],{"class":50},[44,116526,55],{"class":54},[44,116528,56226],{"class":58},[44,116530,3108],{"class":95},[44,116532,83],{"class":58},[44,116534,1012],{"class":95},[44,116536,18140],{"class":58},[44,116538,3746],{"class":58},[44,116540,2179],{"class":95},[44,116542,83],{"class":58},[44,116544,2574],{"class":95},[44,116546,53174],{"class":58},[44,116548,116549,116551,116553],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116550,14189],{"class":50},[44,116552,55],{"class":54},[44,116554,12227],{"class":50},[44,116556,116557],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116558,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116560,116561,116563,116565,116567,116569,116571,116573],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116562,154],{"class":153},[44,116564,157],{"class":58},[44,116566,1585],{"class":111},[44,116568,12295],{"class":4002},[44,116570,14257],{"class":111},[44,116572,3786],{"class":58},[44,116574,3789],{"class":168},[20,116576,116577],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1960,116579,116581],{"id":116580},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116583,116584],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116586,116588],{"className":37,"code":116587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116589,116590,116616,116630,116634,116651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116591,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116593,1585],{"class":50},[44,116595,55],{"class":54},[44,116597,56226],{"class":58},[44,116599,3108],{"class":95},[44,116601,83],{"class":58},[44,116603,1012],{"class":95},[44,116605,18140],{"class":58},[44,116607,3746],{"class":58},[44,116609,2179],{"class":95},[44,116611,83],{"class":58},[44,116613,2574],{"class":95},[44,116615,53174],{"class":58},[44,116617,116618,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116619,115867],{"class":50},[44,116621,55],{"class":54},[44,116623,1627],{"class":50},[44,116625,108],{"class":58},[44,116627,1632],{"class":111},[44,116629,1635],{"class":58},[44,116631,116632],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116633,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116635,116636,116638,116640,116642,116644,116647,116649],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116637,154],{"class":153},[44,116639,157],{"class":58},[44,116641,1585],{"class":111},[44,116643,12295],{"class":4002},[44,116645,116646],{"class":111}," shallow",[44,116648,3786],{"class":58},[44,116650,21272],{"class":168},[44,116652,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116654,154],{"class":153},[44,116656,157],{"class":58},[44,116658,1692],{"class":111},[44,116660,4027],{"class":58},[44,116662,2237],{"class":95},[44,116664,13368],{"class":58},[44,116666,8227],{"class":4002},[44,116668,116646],{"class":111},[44,116670,4027],{"class":58},[44,116672,2237],{"class":95},[44,116674,20518],{"class":58},[44,116676,3789],{"class":168},[1960,116678,116680],{"id":116679},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116682,116683],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116685,116687],{"className":37,"code":116686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116688,116689,116695,116699,116725,116743,116747,116765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116690,116691,116693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116692,35012],{"class":4002},[44,116694,115832],{"class":50},[44,116696,116697],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116698,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116700,116701,116703,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116702,1585],{"class":50},[44,116704,55],{"class":54},[44,116706,56226],{"class":58},[44,116708,3108],{"class":95},[44,116710,83],{"class":58},[44,116712,1012],{"class":95},[44,116714,18140],{"class":58},[44,116716,3746],{"class":58},[44,116718,2179],{"class":95},[44,116720,83],{"class":58},[44,116722,2574],{"class":95},[44,116724,53174],{"class":58},[44,116726,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116728,115887],{"class":50},[44,116730,55],{"class":54},[44,116732,115872],{"class":50},[44,116734,108],{"class":58},[44,116736,115896],{"class":111},[44,116738,157],{"class":58},[44,116740,1692],{"class":111},[44,116742,162],{"class":58},[44,116744,116745],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116746,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116748,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757,116760,116762],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,116750,154],{"class":153},[44,116752,157],{"class":58},[44,116754,1585],{"class":111},[44,116756,12295],{"class":4002},[44,116758,116759],{"class":111}," deep",[44,116761,3786],{"class":58},[44,116763,116764],{"class":168},"         # False\n",[44,116766,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,116768,154],{"class":153},[44,116770,157],{"class":58},[44,116772,1692],{"class":111},[44,116774,4027],{"class":58},[44,116776,2237],{"class":95},[44,116778,13368],{"class":58},[44,116780,8227],{"class":4002},[44,116782,116759],{"class":111},[44,116784,4027],{"class":58},[44,116786,2237],{"class":95},[44,116788,20518],{"class":58},[44,116790,43800],{"class":168},[30,116792,116794],{"id":116793},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116796,116797,116798,72],{},"These all make ",[3868,116799,116800],{},"shallow copies",[192,116802,116803,116807,116811,116816,116822],{},[195,116804,116805],{},[15,116806,55533],{},[195,116808,116809],{},[15,116810,12536],{},[195,116812,116813],{},[15,116814,116815],{},"set.copy()",[195,116817,116818,116819],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116820,116821],{},"my_list[:]",[195,116823,116824,116826,116827,35002],{},[15,116825,115974],{}," from the ",[15,116828,1632],{},[20,116830,2243],{},[35,116832,116834],{"className":37,"code":116833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116835,116836,116856,116860,116874,116885,116889,116901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116837,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116839,3741],{"class":50},[44,116841,55],{"class":54},[44,116843,3746],{"class":58},[44,116845,3108],{"class":95},[44,116847,83],{"class":58},[44,116849,1012],{"class":95},[44,116851,83],{"class":58},[44,116853,1017],{"class":95},[44,116855,3759],{"class":58},[44,116857,116858],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116859,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116861,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870,116872],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116863,2673],{"class":50},[44,116865,55],{"class":54},[44,116867,4392],{"class":50},[44,116869,108],{"class":58},[44,116871,1632],{"class":111},[44,116873,1635],{"class":58},[44,116875,116876,116878,116880,116882],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116877,2701],{"class":50},[44,116879,55],{"class":54},[44,116881,4392],{"class":50},[44,116883,116884],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,116886,116887],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,116888,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116890,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,116892,154],{"class":153},[44,116894,157],{"class":58},[44,116896,395],{"class":111},[44,116898,3786],{"class":58},[44,116900,54864],{"class":168},[44,116902,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,116904,154],{"class":153},[44,116906,157],{"class":58},[44,116908,1005],{"class":111},[44,116910,3786],{"class":58},[44,116912,54864],{"class":168},[20,116914,73075,116915,47463,116919,108],{},[395,116916,116917,10852],{"href":54892},[15,116918,55533],{},[395,116920,116921,10852],{"href":12533},[15,116922,12536],{},[30,116924,116926],{"id":116925},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116928,116929],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[192,116931,116932,116935,116938],{},[195,116933,116934],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[195,116936,116937],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[195,116939,116940],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116942,116943],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116945,116947],{"className":37,"code":116946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116948,116949,116969,116983,116987,117001,117005,117017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116950,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965,116967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116952,1585],{"class":50},[44,116954,55],{"class":54},[44,116956,3746],{"class":58},[44,116958,3108],{"class":95},[44,116960,83],{"class":58},[44,116962,1012],{"class":95},[44,116964,83],{"class":58},[44,116966,1017],{"class":95},[44,116968,3759],{"class":58},[44,116970,116971,116973,116975,116977,116979,116981],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,116972,14398],{"class":50},[44,116974,55],{"class":54},[44,116976,1627],{"class":50},[44,116978,108],{"class":58},[44,116980,1632],{"class":111},[44,116982,1635],{"class":58},[44,116984,116985],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,116986,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,116988,116989,116991,116993,116995,116997,116999],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,116990,14417],{"class":50},[44,116992,108],{"class":58},[44,116994,13646],{"class":111},[44,116996,157],{"class":58},[44,116998,2623],{"class":95},[44,117000,162],{"class":58},[44,117002,117003],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,117004,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117006,117007,117009,117011,117013,117015],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,117008,154],{"class":153},[44,117010,157],{"class":58},[44,117012,1692],{"class":111},[44,117014,3786],{"class":58},[44,117016,54864],{"class":168},[44,117018,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,117020,154],{"class":153},[44,117022,157],{"class":58},[44,117024,14417],{"class":111},[44,117026,3786],{"class":58},[44,117028,116498],{"class":168},[20,117030,117031],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117033,117034,117035,108],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[395,117036,14974],{"href":57152},[30,117038,117040],{"id":117039},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117042,117043],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[192,117045,117046,117049,117052],{},[195,117047,117048],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[195,117050,117051],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[195,117053,117054],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117056,117057],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,117059,117061],{"className":37,"code":117060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117062,117063,117069,117073,117099,117113,117131,117135,117157,117161,117174,117187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117064,117065,117067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117066,35012],{"class":4002},[44,117068,115832],{"class":50},[44,117070,117071],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117072,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117074,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,117076,1585],{"class":50},[44,117078,55],{"class":54},[44,117080,59],{"class":58},[44,117082,63],{"class":62},[44,117084,881],{"class":66},[44,117086,63],{"class":62},[44,117088,72],{"class":58},[44,117090,3746],{"class":58},[44,117092,2448],{"class":95},[44,117094,83],{"class":58},[44,117096,96],{"class":95},[44,117098,13798],{"class":58},[44,117100,117101,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,117102,115867],{"class":50},[44,117104,55],{"class":54},[44,117106,1627],{"class":50},[44,117108,108],{"class":58},[44,117110,1632],{"class":111},[44,117112,1635],{"class":58},[44,117114,117115,117117,117119,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,117116,115887],{"class":50},[44,117118,55],{"class":54},[44,117120,115872],{"class":50},[44,117122,108],{"class":58},[44,117124,115896],{"class":111},[44,117126,157],{"class":58},[44,117128,1692],{"class":111},[44,117130,162],{"class":58},[44,117132,117133],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,117134,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117136,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,117138,1692],{"class":50},[44,117140,4027],{"class":58},[44,117142,63],{"class":62},[44,117144,881],{"class":66},[44,117146,63],{"class":62},[44,117148,13643],{"class":58},[44,117150,13646],{"class":111},[44,117152,157],{"class":58},[44,117154,36765],{"class":95},[44,117156,162],{"class":58},[44,117158,117159],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,117160,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117162,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,117164,154],{"class":153},[44,117166,157],{"class":58},[44,117168,1692],{"class":111},[44,117170,3786],{"class":58},[44,117172,117173],{"class":168},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117175,117176,117178,117180,117182,117184],{"class":46,"line":6566},[44,117177,154],{"class":153},[44,117179,157],{"class":58},[44,117181,115950],{"class":111},[44,117183,3786],{"class":58},[44,117185,117186],{"class":168},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117188,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197],{"class":46,"line":11699},[44,117190,154],{"class":153},[44,117192,157],{"class":58},[44,117194,115964],{"class":111},[44,117196,3786],{"class":58},[44,117198,117199],{"class":168},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117201,117202],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,117204,117206],{"id":117205},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117208,117209],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[192,117211,117212,117215,117218,117221],{},[195,117213,117214],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[195,117216,117217],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[195,117219,117220],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[195,117222,117223],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117225,117226],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,117228,117230],{"className":37,"code":117229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117231,117232,117240,117248,117252,117260,117264,117276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117233,117234,117236,117238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117235,2673],{"class":50},[44,117237,55],{"class":54},[44,117239,2706],{"class":95},[44,117241,117242,117244,117246],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117243,2701],{"class":50},[44,117245,55],{"class":54},[44,117247,36098],{"class":50},[44,117249,117250],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,117251,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117253,117254,117256,117258],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,117255,2701],{"class":50},[44,117257,55],{"class":54},[44,117259,14701],{"class":95},[44,117261,117262],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,117263,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117265,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,117267,154],{"class":153},[44,117269,157],{"class":58},[44,117271,395],{"class":111},[44,117273,3786],{"class":58},[44,117275,26863],{"class":168},[44,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,117279,154],{"class":153},[44,117281,157],{"class":58},[44,117283,1005],{"class":111},[44,117285,3786],{"class":58},[44,117287,27684],{"class":168},[20,117289,93446,117290,117293],{},[395,117291,117292],{"href":12169},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,117295,1803],{"id":1802},[20,117297,117298],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[192,117300,117301,117305,117310,117315,117318],{},[195,117302,567,117303,56716],{},[15,117304,55],{},[195,117306,567,117307,117309],{},[15,117308,55533],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[195,117311,567,117312,117314],{},[15,117313,12536],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[195,117316,117317],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[195,117319,117320],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117322,117323],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117325,117327],{"className":37,"code":117326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117328,117329,117343,117357,117379,117410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117330,117331,117333,117335,117337,117339,117341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117332,154],{"class":153},[44,117334,157],{"class":58},[44,117336,1585],{"class":111},[44,117338,12295],{"class":4002},[44,117340,14471],{"class":111},[44,117342,162],{"class":58},[44,117344,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117346,154],{"class":153},[44,117348,157],{"class":58},[44,117350,1585],{"class":111},[44,117352,4820],{"class":54},[44,117354,14471],{"class":111},[44,117356,162],{"class":58},[44,117358,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371,117373,117375,117377],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,117360,154],{"class":153},[44,117362,157],{"class":58},[44,117364,12748],{"class":153},[44,117366,157],{"class":58},[44,117368,1692],{"class":111},[44,117370,854],{"class":58},[44,117372,14903],{"class":153},[44,117374,157],{"class":58},[44,117376,14417],{"class":111},[44,117378,1869],{"class":58},[44,117380,117381,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117398,117400,117402,117404,117406,117408],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,117382,154],{"class":153},[44,117384,157],{"class":58},[44,117386,12748],{"class":153},[44,117388,157],{"class":58},[44,117390,1692],{"class":111},[44,117392,4027],{"class":58},[44,117394,2237],{"class":95},[44,117396,117397],{"class":58},"]),",[44,117399,14903],{"class":153},[44,117401,157],{"class":58},[44,117403,14417],{"class":111},[44,117405,4027],{"class":58},[44,117407,2237],{"class":95},[44,117409,3119],{"class":58},[44,117411,117412,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,117413,154],{"class":153},[44,117415,157],{"class":58},[44,117417,1862],{"class":1861},[44,117419,157],{"class":58},[44,117421,1692],{"class":111},[44,117423,1869],{"class":58},[20,117425,117426],{},"What they tell you:",[192,117428,117429,117434,117439,117444,117454],{},[195,117430,117431,117433],{},[15,117432,12295],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[195,117435,117436,117438],{},[15,117437,4820],{}," checks whether values are equal",[195,117440,117441,117443],{},[15,117442,43416],{}," shows the identity of an object",[195,117445,117446,117447,4523,117450,117453],{},"comparing ",[15,117448,117449],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117451,117452],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[195,117455,117456,117458],{},[15,117457,2419],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117460,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,117462,117464],{"id":117463},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117466,117467],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1960,117469,57202],{"id":57117},[20,117471,117472],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1960,117474,117476],{"id":117475},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117478,117479],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1960,117481,117483],{"id":117482},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117485,117486],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1960,117488,117490],{"id":117489},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117492,117493],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117495,2020],{"id":2019},[192,117497,117498,117503,117509,117515,117519],{},[195,117499,117500],{},[395,117501,117502],{"href":12169},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[195,117504,117505],{},[395,117506,3697,117507,10852],{"href":54892},[15,117508,55533],{},[195,117510,117511],{},[395,117512,3697,117513,10852],{"href":12533},[15,117514,12536],{},[195,117516,117517],{},[395,117518,15050],{"href":57152},[195,117520,117521],{},[395,117522,117523],{"href":58427},"What is a list in Python?",[2048,117525,117526],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":117528},[117529,117530,117531,117532,117533,117534,117539,117540,117541,117542,117543,117544,117551],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":115984,"depth":102,"text":115985},{"id":116005,"depth":102,"text":116006},{"id":116248,"depth":102,"text":116249},{"id":116388,"depth":102,"text":116389},{"id":116504,"depth":102,"text":116505,"children":117535},[117536,117537,117538],{"id":116511,"depth":150,"text":116512},{"id":116580,"depth":150,"text":116581},{"id":116679,"depth":150,"text":116680},{"id":116793,"depth":102,"text":116794},{"id":116925,"depth":102,"text":116926},{"id":117039,"depth":102,"text":117040},{"id":117205,"depth":102,"text":117206},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":117545},[117546,117547,117548,117549,117550],{"id":117463,"depth":150,"text":117464},{"id":57117,"depth":150,"text":57202},{"id":117475,"depth":150,"text":117476},{"id":117482,"depth":150,"text":117483},{"id":117489,"depth":150,"text":117490},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115785,"description":117552},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117558,"title":117559,"body":117560,"description":119417,"extension":2080,"meta":119418,"navigation":682,"path":119419,"seo":119420,"stem":119421,"__hash__":119422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117561,"toc":119375},[117562,117567,117572,117580,117582,117650,117655,117660,117675,117678,117680,117711,117713,117733,117736,117751,117753,117756,117829,117831,117876,117878,117889,117894,117898,117903,117906,117945,117947,117967,117970,118027,118029,118064,118067,118106,118108,118128,118131,118162,118164,118220,118222,118227,118298,118300,118333,118338,118343,118408,118410,118447,118450,118527,118529,118589,118596,118601,118604,118607,118688,118690,118731,118736,118739,118817,118819,118852,118861,118868,118871,118882,118885,118896,118900,118908,118917,118921,118926,118930,118935,118978,118981,118987,118990,118992,119039,119044,119048,119051,119100,119102,119123,119126,119128,119153,119156,119277,119282,119284,119289,119292,119297,119300,119308,119313,119320,119323,119331,119334,119336,119372],[10,117563,3697,117565,3701],{"id":117564},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117566,74359],{},[20,117568,117569,117571],{},[15,117570,74359],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117573,117574,117575,2307,117577,117579],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117576,77802],{},[15,117578,74359],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117581,3731],{"id":3730},[35,117583,117585],{"className":37,"code":117584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117586,117587,117607,117621,117625,117637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117588,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117590,3741],{"class":50},[44,117592,55],{"class":54},[44,117594,3746],{"class":58},[44,117596,2179],{"class":95},[44,117598,83],{"class":58},[44,117600,504],{"class":95},[44,117602,83],{"class":58},[44,117604,1012],{"class":95},[44,117606,3759],{"class":58},[44,117608,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117610,1340],{"class":50},[44,117612,55],{"class":54},[44,117614,74493],{"class":153},[44,117616,157],{"class":58},[44,117618,3773],{"class":111},[44,117620,162],{"class":58},[44,117622,117623],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,117624,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117626,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,117628,154],{"class":153},[44,117630,157],{"class":58},[44,117632,1376],{"class":111},[44,117634,3786],{"class":58},[44,117636,55620],{"class":168},[44,117638,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,117640,154],{"class":153},[44,117642,157],{"class":58},[44,117644,3773],{"class":111},[44,117646,3786],{"class":58},[44,117648,117649],{"class":168},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117651,117652,117654],{},[15,117653,74359],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117656,179,117658,182],{"id":117657},"what-sorted-does",[15,117659,74359],{},[192,117661,117662,117666,117669,117672],{},[195,117663,117664,62860],{},[15,117665,74359],{},[195,117667,117668],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[195,117670,117671],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[195,117673,117674],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117676,117677],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117679,402],{"id":401},[35,117681,117683],{"className":37,"code":117682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117684,117685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117686,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117688,74449],{"class":153},[44,117690,157],{"class":58},[44,117692,3845],{"class":111},[44,117694,83],{"class":58},[44,117696,21650],{"class":463},[44,117698,55],{"class":54},[44,117700,217],{"class":1400},[44,117702,83],{"class":58},[44,117704,78005],{"class":463},[44,117706,55],{"class":54},[44,117708,3799],{"class":1400},[44,117710,162],{"class":58},[1960,117712,17475],{"id":17474},[192,117714,117715,117720,117725],{},[195,117716,117717,117719],{},[15,117718,3845],{},": the values to sort",[195,117721,117722,117724],{},[15,117723,1904],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[195,117726,117727,117729,117730,117732],{},[15,117728,73512],{},": set to ",[15,117731,3726],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117734,117735],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117737,117739],{"className":37,"code":117738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117740,117741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117742,117743,117745,117747,117749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117744,74449],{"class":153},[44,117746,157],{"class":58},[44,117748,60241],{"class":111},[44,117750,162],{"class":58},[30,117752,11581],{"id":11580},[20,117754,117755],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117757,117759],{"className":37,"code":117758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117760,117761,117785,117789,117804,117808,117819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117762,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781,117783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117764,3741],{"class":50},[44,117766,55],{"class":54},[44,117768,3746],{"class":58},[44,117770,2254],{"class":95},[44,117772,83],{"class":58},[44,117774,1012],{"class":95},[44,117776,83],{"class":58},[44,117778,6489],{"class":95},[44,117780,83],{"class":58},[44,117782,504],{"class":95},[44,117784,3759],{"class":58},[44,117786,117787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117788,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117790,117791,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,117792,117793],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117795,55],{"class":54},[44,117797,74493],{"class":153},[44,117799,157],{"class":58},[44,117801,3773],{"class":111},[44,117803,162],{"class":58},[44,117805,117806],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,117807,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,117809,117810,117812,117814,117817],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,117811,154],{"class":153},[44,117813,157],{"class":58},[44,117815,117816],{"class":111},"sorted_numbers",[44,117818,162],{"class":58},[44,117820,117821,117823,117825,117827],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,117822,154],{"class":153},[44,117824,157],{"class":58},[44,117826,3773],{"class":111},[44,117828,162],{"class":58},[20,117830,330],{},[35,117832,117834],{"className":37,"code":117833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117835,117836,117856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117837,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117839,4027],{"class":58},[44,117841,3108],{"class":95},[44,117843,83],{"class":58},[44,117845,1012],{"class":95},[44,117847,83],{"class":58},[44,117849,4736],{"class":95},[44,117851,83],{"class":58},[44,117853,6489],{"class":95},[44,117855,3759],{"class":58},[44,117857,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117859,4027],{"class":58},[44,117861,2254],{"class":95},[44,117863,83],{"class":58},[44,117865,1012],{"class":95},[44,117867,83],{"class":58},[44,117869,6489],{"class":95},[44,117871,83],{"class":58},[44,117873,504],{"class":95},[44,117875,3759],{"class":58},[20,117877,13855],{},[192,117879,117880,117885],{},[195,117881,117882,117884],{},[15,117883,117816],{}," is a new sorted list",[195,117886,117887,112421],{},[15,117888,3773],{},[20,117890,117891,117892,108],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[395,117893,78312],{"href":78311},[30,117895,117897],{"id":117896},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117899,117900,117902],{},[15,117901,74359],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1960,117904,117905],{"id":1878},"List",[35,117907,117909],{"className":37,"code":117908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117910,117911,117931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117912,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117914,3741],{"class":50},[44,117916,55],{"class":54},[44,117918,3746],{"class":58},[44,117920,2179],{"class":95},[44,117922,83],{"class":58},[44,117924,504],{"class":95},[44,117926,83],{"class":58},[44,117928,1012],{"class":95},[44,117930,3759],{"class":58},[44,117932,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117934,154],{"class":153},[44,117936,157],{"class":58},[44,117938,74449],{"class":153},[44,117940,157],{"class":58},[44,117942,3773],{"class":111},[44,117944,1869],{"class":58},[20,117946,330],{},[35,117948,117949],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117950,117951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117952,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963,117965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117954,4027],{"class":58},[44,117956,3108],{"class":95},[44,117958,83],{"class":58},[44,117960,1012],{"class":95},[44,117962,83],{"class":58},[44,117964,1017],{"class":95},[44,117966,3759],{"class":58},[1960,117968,117969],{"id":48883},"Tuple",[35,117971,117973],{"className":37,"code":117972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117974,117975,117995,118009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117976,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117978,3948],{"class":50},[44,117980,55],{"class":54},[44,117982,857],{"class":58},[44,117984,2179],{"class":95},[44,117986,83],{"class":58},[44,117988,504],{"class":95},[44,117990,83],{"class":58},[44,117992,1012],{"class":95},[44,117994,162],{"class":58},[44,117996,117997,117999,118001,118003,118005,118007],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,117998,154],{"class":153},[44,118000,157],{"class":58},[44,118002,74449],{"class":153},[44,118004,157],{"class":58},[44,118006,5488],{"class":111},[44,118008,1869],{"class":58},[44,118010,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,118012,154],{"class":153},[44,118014,157],{"class":58},[44,118016,1862],{"class":1861},[44,118018,157],{"class":58},[44,118020,74449],{"class":153},[44,118022,157],{"class":58},[44,118024,5488],{"class":111},[44,118026,3031],{"class":58},[20,118028,330],{},[35,118030,118032],{"className":37,"code":118031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118033,118034,118050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118035,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118037,4027],{"class":58},[44,118039,3108],{"class":95},[44,118041,83],{"class":58},[44,118043,1012],{"class":95},[44,118045,83],{"class":58},[44,118047,1017],{"class":95},[44,118049,3759],{"class":58},[44,118051,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118053,3411],{"class":54},[44,118055,3414],{"class":2182},[44,118057,352],{"class":62},[44,118059,1878],{"class":66},[44,118061,343],{"class":62},[44,118063,3423],{"class":54},[1960,118065,118066],{"id":6416},"Set",[35,118068,118070],{"className":37,"code":118069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118071,118072,118092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118073,118074,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084,118086,118088,118090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118075,3948],{"class":50},[44,118077,55],{"class":54},[44,118079,59],{"class":58},[44,118081,2179],{"class":95},[44,118083,83],{"class":58},[44,118085,504],{"class":95},[44,118087,83],{"class":58},[44,118089,1012],{"class":95},[44,118091,99],{"class":58},[44,118093,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118095,154],{"class":153},[44,118097,157],{"class":58},[44,118099,74449],{"class":153},[44,118101,157],{"class":58},[44,118103,5488],{"class":111},[44,118105,1869],{"class":58},[20,118107,330],{},[35,118109,118110],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118111,118112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118113,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118115,4027],{"class":58},[44,118117,3108],{"class":95},[44,118119,83],{"class":58},[44,118121,1012],{"class":95},[44,118123,83],{"class":58},[44,118125,1017],{"class":95},[44,118127,3759],{"class":58},[1960,118129,118130],{"id":61108},"String",[35,118132,118134],{"className":37,"code":118133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118135,118136,118148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118137,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118139,34608],{"class":50},[44,118141,55],{"class":54},[44,118143,75],{"class":62},[44,118145,39],{"class":66},[44,118147,3479],{"class":62},[44,118149,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118151,154],{"class":153},[44,118153,157],{"class":58},[44,118155,74449],{"class":153},[44,118157,157],{"class":58},[44,118159,34629],{"class":111},[44,118161,1869],{"class":58},[20,118163,330],{},[35,118165,118166],{"className":37,"code":79329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118167,118168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118169,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118171,4027],{"class":58},[44,118173,343],{"class":62},[44,118175,60372],{"class":66},[44,118177,343],{"class":62},[44,118179,83],{"class":58},[44,118181,352],{"class":62},[44,118183,75965],{"class":66},[44,118185,343],{"class":62},[44,118187,83],{"class":58},[44,118189,352],{"class":62},[44,118191,60407],{"class":66},[44,118193,343],{"class":62},[44,118195,83],{"class":58},[44,118197,352],{"class":62},[44,118199,20],{"class":66},[44,118201,343],{"class":62},[44,118203,83],{"class":58},[44,118205,352],{"class":62},[44,118207,63221],{"class":66},[44,118209,343],{"class":62},[44,118211,83],{"class":58},[44,118213,352],{"class":62},[44,118215,11850],{"class":66},[44,118217,343],{"class":62},[44,118219,3759],{"class":58},[1960,118221,29289],{"id":415},[20,118223,63474,118224,118226],{},[15,118225,74359],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,118228,118230],{"className":37,"code":118229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118231,118232,118284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118233,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118235,51],{"class":50},[44,118237,55],{"class":54},[44,118239,59],{"class":58},[44,118241,63],{"class":62},[44,118243,67],{"class":66},[44,118245,63],{"class":62},[44,118247,72],{"class":58},[44,118249,75],{"class":62},[44,118251,78],{"class":66},[44,118253,63],{"class":62},[44,118255,83],{"class":58},[44,118257,75],{"class":62},[44,118259,88],{"class":66},[44,118261,63],{"class":62},[44,118263,72],{"class":58},[44,118265,96],{"class":95},[44,118267,83],{"class":58},[44,118269,75],{"class":62},[44,118271,133],{"class":66},[44,118273,63],{"class":62},[44,118275,72],{"class":58},[44,118277,75],{"class":62},[44,118279,142],{"class":66},[44,118281,63],{"class":62},[44,118283,99],{"class":58},[44,118285,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118287,154],{"class":153},[44,118289,157],{"class":58},[44,118291,74449],{"class":153},[44,118293,157],{"class":58},[44,118295,105],{"class":111},[44,118297,1869],{"class":58},[20,118299,330],{},[35,118301,118303],{"className":37,"code":118302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118304,118305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118306,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329,118331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118308,4027],{"class":58},[44,118310,343],{"class":62},[44,118312,88],{"class":66},[44,118314,343],{"class":62},[44,118316,83],{"class":58},[44,118318,352],{"class":62},[44,118320,133],{"class":66},[44,118322,343],{"class":62},[44,118324,83],{"class":58},[44,118326,352],{"class":62},[44,118328,67],{"class":66},[44,118330,343],{"class":62},[44,118332,3759],{"class":58},[30,118334,567,118336],{"id":118335},"using-reversetrue",[15,118337,78026],{},[20,118339,172,118340,118342],{},[15,118341,78026],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118344,118346],{"className":37,"code":118345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118347,118348,118368,118372,118386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118349,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118351,3741],{"class":50},[44,118353,55],{"class":54},[44,118355,3746],{"class":58},[44,118357,2179],{"class":95},[44,118359,83],{"class":58},[44,118361,504],{"class":95},[44,118363,83],{"class":58},[44,118365,1012],{"class":95},[44,118367,3759],{"class":58},[44,118369,118370],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118371,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,118373,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,118375,154],{"class":153},[44,118377,157],{"class":58},[44,118379,74449],{"class":153},[44,118381,157],{"class":58},[44,118383,3773],{"class":111},[44,118385,1869],{"class":58},[44,118387,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,118389,154],{"class":153},[44,118391,157],{"class":58},[44,118393,74449],{"class":153},[44,118395,157],{"class":58},[44,118397,3773],{"class":111},[44,118399,83],{"class":58},[44,118401,78005],{"class":463},[44,118403,55],{"class":54},[44,118405,3726],{"class":1400},[44,118407,1869],{"class":58},[20,118409,330],{},[35,118411,118413],{"className":37,"code":118412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118414,118415,118431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118416,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118418,4027],{"class":58},[44,118420,3108],{"class":95},[44,118422,83],{"class":58},[44,118424,1012],{"class":95},[44,118426,83],{"class":58},[44,118428,1017],{"class":95},[44,118430,3759],{"class":58},[44,118432,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118434,4027],{"class":58},[44,118436,2179],{"class":95},[44,118438,83],{"class":58},[44,118440,1012],{"class":95},[44,118442,83],{"class":58},[44,118444,504],{"class":95},[44,118446,3759],{"class":58},[20,118448,118449],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118451,118453],{"className":37,"code":118452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118454,118455,118487,118491,118505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118456,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465,118467,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118458,4198],{"class":50},[44,118460,55],{"class":54},[44,118462,3746],{"class":58},[44,118464,63],{"class":62},[44,118466,4207],{"class":66},[44,118468,63],{"class":62},[44,118470,83],{"class":58},[44,118472,75],{"class":62},[44,118474,4216],{"class":66},[44,118476,63],{"class":62},[44,118478,83],{"class":58},[44,118480,75],{"class":62},[44,118482,4225],{"class":66},[44,118484,63],{"class":62},[44,118486,3759],{"class":58},[44,118488,118489],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118490,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,118492,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,118494,154],{"class":153},[44,118496,157],{"class":58},[44,118498,74449],{"class":153},[44,118500,157],{"class":58},[44,118502,4242],{"class":111},[44,118504,1869],{"class":58},[44,118506,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,118508,154],{"class":153},[44,118510,157],{"class":58},[44,118512,74449],{"class":153},[44,118514,157],{"class":58},[44,118516,4242],{"class":111},[44,118518,83],{"class":58},[44,118520,78005],{"class":463},[44,118522,55],{"class":54},[44,118524,3726],{"class":1400},[44,118526,1869],{"class":58},[20,118528,330],{},[35,118530,118531],{"className":37,"code":74093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118532,118533,118561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118534,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118536,4027],{"class":58},[44,118538,343],{"class":62},[44,118540,4207],{"class":66},[44,118542,343],{"class":62},[44,118544,83],{"class":58},[44,118546,352],{"class":62},[44,118548,4216],{"class":66},[44,118550,343],{"class":62},[44,118552,83],{"class":58},[44,118554,352],{"class":62},[44,118556,4225],{"class":66},[44,118558,343],{"class":62},[44,118560,3759],{"class":58},[44,118562,118563,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118564,4027],{"class":58},[44,118566,343],{"class":62},[44,118568,4225],{"class":66},[44,118570,343],{"class":62},[44,118572,83],{"class":58},[44,118574,352],{"class":62},[44,118576,4216],{"class":66},[44,118578,343],{"class":62},[44,118580,83],{"class":58},[44,118582,352],{"class":62},[44,118584,4207],{"class":66},[44,118586,343],{"class":62},[44,118588,3759],{"class":58},[30,118590,567,118592,118595],{"id":118591},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118593,118594],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118597,22,118598,118600],{},[15,118599,118594],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118602,118603],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118605,118606],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118608,118610],{"className":37,"code":118609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118611,118612,118652,118656,118678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118613,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630,118632,118634,118636,118638,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118615,4198],{"class":50},[44,118617,55],{"class":54},[44,118619,3746],{"class":58},[44,118621,63],{"class":62},[44,118623,78679],{"class":66},[44,118625,63],{"class":62},[44,118627,83],{"class":58},[44,118629,75],{"class":62},[44,118631,38283],{"class":66},[44,118633,63],{"class":62},[44,118635,83],{"class":58},[44,118637,75],{"class":62},[44,118639,4216],{"class":66},[44,118641,63],{"class":62},[44,118643,83],{"class":58},[44,118645,75],{"class":62},[44,118647,38266],{"class":66},[44,118649,63],{"class":62},[44,118651,3759],{"class":58},[44,118653,118654],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118655,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,118657,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668,118670,118672,118674,118676],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,118659,1340],{"class":50},[44,118661,55],{"class":54},[44,118663,74493],{"class":153},[44,118665,157],{"class":58},[44,118667,4242],{"class":111},[44,118669,83],{"class":58},[44,118671,21650],{"class":463},[44,118673,55],{"class":54},[44,118675,11271],{"class":153},[44,118677,162],{"class":58},[44,118679,118680,118682,118684,118686],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,118681,154],{"class":153},[44,118683,157],{"class":58},[44,118685,1376],{"class":111},[44,118687,162],{"class":58},[20,118689,330],{},[35,118691,118693],{"className":37,"code":118692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118694,118695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118696,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118698,4027],{"class":58},[44,118700,343],{"class":62},[44,118702,38283],{"class":66},[44,118704,343],{"class":62},[44,118706,83],{"class":58},[44,118708,352],{"class":62},[44,118710,78679],{"class":66},[44,118712,343],{"class":62},[44,118714,83],{"class":58},[44,118716,352],{"class":62},[44,118718,38266],{"class":66},[44,118720,343],{"class":62},[44,118722,83],{"class":58},[44,118724,352],{"class":62},[44,118726,4216],{"class":66},[44,118728,343],{"class":62},[44,118730,3759],{"class":58},[20,118732,20843,118733,118735],{},[15,118734,11271],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118737,118738],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118740,118742],{"className":37,"code":118741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118743,118744,118777,118781,118807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118745,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118773,118775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118747,4198],{"class":50},[44,118749,55],{"class":54},[44,118751,3746],{"class":58},[44,118753,63],{"class":62},[44,118755,83298],{"class":66},[44,118757,63],{"class":62},[44,118759,83],{"class":58},[44,118761,75],{"class":62},[44,118763,4207],{"class":66},[44,118765,63],{"class":62},[44,118767,83],{"class":58},[44,118769,75],{"class":62},[44,118771,118772],{"class":66},"Cherry",[44,118774,63],{"class":62},[44,118776,3759],{"class":58},[44,118778,118779],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118780,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,118782,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,118784,1340],{"class":50},[44,118786,55],{"class":54},[44,118788,74493],{"class":153},[44,118790,157],{"class":58},[44,118792,4242],{"class":111},[44,118794,83],{"class":58},[44,118796,21650],{"class":463},[44,118798,55],{"class":54},[44,118800,3564],{"class":1861},[44,118802,108],{"class":58},[44,118804,8771],{"class":1923},[44,118806,162],{"class":58},[44,118808,118809,118811,118813,118815],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,118810,154],{"class":153},[44,118812,157],{"class":58},[44,118814,1376],{"class":111},[44,118816,162],{"class":58},[20,118818,330],{},[35,118820,118822],{"className":37,"code":118821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118823,118824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118825,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118827,4027],{"class":58},[44,118829,343],{"class":62},[44,118831,4207],{"class":66},[44,118833,343],{"class":62},[44,118835,83],{"class":58},[44,118837,352],{"class":62},[44,118839,83298],{"class":66},[44,118841,343],{"class":62},[44,118843,83],{"class":58},[44,118845,352],{"class":62},[44,118847,118772],{"class":66},[44,118849,343],{"class":62},[44,118851,3759],{"class":58},[20,118853,118854,118855,35251,118857,108],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118856,42288],{},[395,118858,3697,118859,3630],{"href":42285},[15,118860,42288],{},[30,118862,118864,10698,118866],{"id":118863},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118865,74359],{},[15,118867,77802],{},[20,118869,118870],{},"The main difference is this:",[192,118872,118873,118878],{},[195,118874,118875,118877],{},[15,118876,74359],{}," returns a new list",[195,118879,118880,73897],{},[15,118881,77802],{},[20,118883,118884],{},"Also:",[192,118886,118887,118892],{},[195,118888,118889,118891],{},[15,118890,74359],{}," works with many iterables",[195,118893,118894,79235],{},[15,118895,77802],{},[20,118897,172,118898,1558],{},[15,118899,74359],{},[192,118901,118902,118905],{},[195,118903,118904],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[195,118906,118907],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118909,118910,118911,108],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[395,118912,3697,118913,10698,118915,5912],{"href":79060},[15,118914,74359],{},[15,118916,77802],{},[30,118918,118920],{"id":118919},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118922,118923,118924,108],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118925,74359],{},[1960,118927,118929],{"id":118928},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118931,118932,118933,72],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118934,3125],{},[35,118936,118938],{"className":37,"code":118937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118939,118940,118964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118941,118942,118944,118946,118948,118950,118952,118954,118956,118958,118960,118962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118943,3948],{"class":50},[44,118945,55],{"class":54},[44,118947,3746],{"class":58},[44,118949,3108],{"class":95},[44,118951,83],{"class":58},[44,118953,75],{"class":62},[44,118955,2173],{"class":66},[44,118957,63],{"class":62},[44,118959,83],{"class":58},[44,118961,1017],{"class":95},[44,118963,3759],{"class":58},[44,118965,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,118967,154],{"class":153},[44,118969,157],{"class":58},[44,118971,74449],{"class":153},[44,118973,157],{"class":58},[44,118975,5488],{"class":111},[44,118977,1869],{"class":58},[20,118979,118980],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1960,118982,118984,118985,2420],{"id":118983},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118986,1904],{},[20,118988,118989],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118991,223],{},[35,118993,118995],{"className":37,"code":118994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118996,118997,119017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118998,118999,119001,119003,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119000,3741],{"class":50},[44,119002,55],{"class":54},[44,119004,3746],{"class":58},[44,119006,2448],{"class":95},[44,119008,83],{"class":58},[44,119010,1012],{"class":95},[44,119012,83],{"class":58},[44,119014,7925],{"class":95},[44,119016,3759],{"class":58},[44,119018,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119020,154],{"class":153},[44,119022,157],{"class":58},[44,119024,74449],{"class":153},[44,119026,157],{"class":58},[44,119028,3773],{"class":111},[44,119030,83],{"class":58},[44,119032,21650],{"class":463},[44,119034,55],{"class":54},[44,119036,11271],{"class":153},[44,119038,1869],{"class":58},[20,119040,48440,119041,119043],{},[15,119042,42288],{}," does not work on integers.",[1960,119045,119047],{"id":119046},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119049,119050],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,119052,119054],{"className":37,"code":119053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119055,119056,119076,119086,119090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119057,119058,119060,119062,119064,119066,119068,119070,119072,119074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119059,3741],{"class":50},[44,119061,55],{"class":54},[44,119063,3746],{"class":58},[44,119065,2179],{"class":95},[44,119067,83],{"class":58},[44,119069,504],{"class":95},[44,119071,83],{"class":58},[44,119073,1012],{"class":95},[44,119075,3759],{"class":58},[44,119077,119078,119080,119082,119084],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119079,74449],{"class":153},[44,119081,157],{"class":58},[44,119083,3773],{"class":111},[44,119085,162],{"class":58},[44,119087,119088],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,119089,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119091,119092,119094,119096,119098],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,119093,154],{"class":153},[44,119095,157],{"class":58},[44,119097,3773],{"class":111},[44,119099,162],{"class":58},[20,119101,330],{},[35,119103,119105],{"className":37,"code":119104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119106,119107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119108,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119,119121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119110,4027],{"class":58},[44,119112,2179],{"class":95},[44,119114,83],{"class":58},[44,119116,504],{"class":95},[44,119118,83],{"class":58},[44,119120,1012],{"class":95},[44,119122,3759],{"class":58},[20,119124,119125],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,119127,1803],{"id":1802},[192,119129,119130,119134,119137,119142,119146],{},[195,119131,4710,119132,73897],{},[15,119133,74359],{},[195,119135,119136],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[195,119138,4836,119139,119141],{},[15,119140,74359],{}," always returns a list",[195,119143,567,119144,23174],{},[15,119145,118594],{},[195,119147,29716,119148,119150,119151],{},[15,119149,64246],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119152,74359],{},[20,119154,119155],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,119157,119159],{"className":37,"code":119158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119160,119161,119183,119209,119247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119162,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119164,154],{"class":153},[44,119166,157],{"class":58},[44,119168,74449],{"class":153},[44,119170,3105],{"class":58},[44,119172,2179],{"class":95},[44,119174,83],{"class":58},[44,119176,504],{"class":95},[44,119178,83],{"class":58},[44,119180,1012],{"class":95},[44,119182,3119],{"class":58},[44,119184,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119186,154],{"class":153},[44,119188,157],{"class":58},[44,119190,1862],{"class":1861},[44,119192,157],{"class":58},[44,119194,74449],{"class":153},[44,119196,5640],{"class":58},[44,119198,2179],{"class":95},[44,119200,83],{"class":58},[44,119202,504],{"class":95},[44,119204,83],{"class":58},[44,119206,1012],{"class":95},[44,119208,93302],{"class":58},[44,119210,119211,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,119212,154],{"class":153},[44,119214,157],{"class":58},[44,119216,74449],{"class":153},[44,119218,3105],{"class":58},[44,119220,343],{"class":62},[44,119222,83298],{"class":66},[44,119224,343],{"class":62},[44,119226,83],{"class":58},[44,119228,352],{"class":62},[44,119230,4207],{"class":66},[44,119232,343],{"class":62},[44,119234,18140],{"class":58},[44,119236,21650],{"class":463},[44,119238,55],{"class":54},[44,119240,3564],{"class":1861},[44,119242,108],{"class":58},[44,119244,8771],{"class":1923},[44,119246,1869],{"class":58},[44,119248,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,119250,154],{"class":153},[44,119252,157],{"class":58},[44,119254,74449],{"class":153},[44,119256,3105],{"class":58},[44,119258,2179],{"class":95},[44,119260,83],{"class":58},[44,119262,504],{"class":95},[44,119264,83],{"class":58},[44,119266,1012],{"class":95},[44,119268,18140],{"class":58},[44,119270,78005],{"class":463},[44,119272,55],{"class":54},[44,119274,3726],{"class":1400},[44,119276,1869],{"class":58},[20,119278,119279,119280,108],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[395,119281,52703],{"href":50910},[30,119283,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,119285,1963,119287,57096],{"id":119286},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119288,74359],{},[20,119290,119291],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1960,119293,5273,119295,12814],{"id":119294},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119296,74359],{},[20,119298,119299],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1960,119301,119303,119304,11202,119306,2610],{"id":119302},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119305,74359],{},[15,119307,77802],{},[20,119309,172,119310,119312],{},[15,119311,74359],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1960,119314,5273,119316,86386,119318,2610],{"id":119315},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119317,118594],{},[15,119319,74359],{},[20,119321,119322],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1960,119324,5288,119326,119328,119329,2610],{"id":119325},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119327,74359],{}," give a ",[15,119330,3125],{},[20,119332,119333],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119335,2020],{"id":2019},[192,119337,119338,119342,119350,119354,119360,119366],{},[195,119339,119340],{},[395,119341,79808],{"href":78311},[195,119343,119344],{},[395,119345,3697,119346,10698,119348,5912],{"href":79060},[15,119347,74359],{},[15,119349,77802],{},[195,119351,119352],{},[395,119353,52703],{"href":50910},[195,119355,119356],{},[395,119357,3697,119358,3630],{"href":42285},[15,119359,42288],{},[195,119361,119362],{},[395,119363,3697,119364,3630],{"href":91958},[15,119365,35671],{},[195,119367,119368],{},[395,119369,3697,119370,3630],{"href":36118},[15,119371,36121],{},[2048,119373,119374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":119376},[119377,119378,119380,119383,119384,119391,119393,119395,119397,119403,119404,119416],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":117657,"depth":102,"text":119379},"What sorted() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":119381},[119382],{"id":17474,"depth":150,"text":17475},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":117896,"depth":102,"text":117897,"children":119385},[119386,119387,119388,119389,119390],{"id":1878,"depth":150,"text":117905},{"id":48883,"depth":150,"text":117969},{"id":6416,"depth":150,"text":118066},{"id":61108,"depth":150,"text":118130},{"id":415,"depth":150,"text":29289},{"id":118335,"depth":102,"text":119392},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118591,"depth":102,"text":119394},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118863,"depth":102,"text":119396},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118919,"depth":102,"text":118920,"children":119398},[119399,119400,119402],{"id":118928,"depth":150,"text":118929},{"id":118983,"depth":150,"text":119401},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119046,"depth":150,"text":119047},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":119405},[119406,119408,119410,119412,119414],{"id":119286,"depth":150,"text":119407},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119294,"depth":150,"text":119409},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119302,"depth":150,"text":119411},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119315,"depth":150,"text":119413},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119325,"depth":150,"text":119415},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117559,"description":119417},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119424,"title":119425,"body":119426,"description":121537,"extension":2080,"meta":121538,"navigation":682,"path":79060,"seo":121539,"stem":121540,"__hash__":121541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119427,"toc":121484},[119428,119435,119438,119448,119454,119457,119475,119483,119485,119544,119552,119556,119578,119582,119586,119588,119605,119607,119619,119625,119709,119713,119760,119766,119773,119777,119782,119784,119796,119801,119854,119858,119878,119885,119892,119896,119899,119918,119922,120036,120040,120110,120112,120124,120129,120133,120146,120150,120225,120229,120268,120275,120281,120286,120290,120304,120308,120373,120377,120410,120413,120418,120426,120433,120446,120449,120453,120536,120540,120577,120581,120684,120688,120749,120754,120761,120765,120768,120774,120777,120844,120848,120872,120874,120892,120899,120952,120956,120976,120982,120984,121041,121048,121074,121079,121084,121092,121098,121158,121162,121209,121212,121214,121217,121243,121246,121339,121341,121361,121365,121368,121386,121392,121394,121402,121407,121414,121417,121423,121426,121432,121440,121448,121453,121455,121481],[10,119429,3697,119431,10698,119433,93016],{"id":119430},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119432,74359],{},[15,119434,77802],{},[20,119436,119437],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[192,119439,119440,119444],{},[195,119441,119442],{},[15,119443,74359],{},[195,119445,119446],{},[15,119447,77802],{},[20,119449,119450,119451,119453],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3868,119452,4762],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119455,119456],{},"The main difference is simple:",[192,119458,119459,119467],{},[195,119460,172,119461,119463,119464],{},[15,119462,74359],{}," when you want a ",[3868,119465,119466],{},"new sorted result",[195,119468,172,119469,119471,119472],{},[15,119470,77802],{}," when you want to ",[3868,119473,119474],{},"change the original list",[20,119476,119477,119478,1298,119480,119482],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119479,77802],{},[15,119481,217],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119484,3731],{"id":3730},[35,119486,119488],{"className":37,"code":119487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119489,119490,119510,119514,119531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119491,119492,119494,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504,119506,119508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119493,3741],{"class":50},[44,119495,55],{"class":54},[44,119497,3746],{"class":58},[44,119499,2179],{"class":95},[44,119501,83],{"class":58},[44,119503,504],{"class":95},[44,119505,83],{"class":58},[44,119507,1012],{"class":95},[44,119509,3759],{"class":58},[44,119511,119512],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119513,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119515,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,119517,55822],{"class":50},[44,119519,55],{"class":54},[44,119521,74493],{"class":153},[44,119523,157],{"class":58},[44,119525,3773],{"class":111},[44,119527,3786],{"class":58},[44,119529,119530],{"class":168},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119532,119533,119535,119537,119539,119541],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,119534,3773],{"class":50},[44,119536,108],{"class":58},[44,119538,34720],{"class":111},[44,119540,7497],{"class":58},[44,119542,119543],{"class":168},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119545,172,119546,119548,119549,119551],{},[15,119547,74359],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119550,77802],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119553,119555],{"id":119554},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[192,119557,119558,119563,119568,119575],{},[195,119559,172,119560,119562],{},[15,119561,74359],{}," to get a new sorted list",[195,119564,172,119565,119567],{},[15,119566,77802],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[195,119569,119570,119571,1298,119573],{},"Understand why ",[15,119572,77802],{},[15,119574,217],{},[195,119576,119577],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119579,179,119580,182],{"id":117657},[15,119581,74359],{},[20,119583,119584,62860],{},[15,119585,74359],{},[20,119587,48857],{},[192,119589,119590,119596,119602],{},[195,119591,119592,119593],{},"returns a ",[3868,119594,119595],{},"new list",[195,119597,119598,119599,119601],{},"does ",[3868,119600,4762],{}," change the original data",[195,119603,119604],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119606,51064],{},[192,119608,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617],{},[195,119610,5429],{},[195,119612,5432],{},[195,119614,5438],{},[195,119616,5435],{},[195,119618,35832],{},[1960,119620,34999,119622,119624],{"id":119621},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119623,74359],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119626,119628],{"className":37,"code":119627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119629,119630,119650,119654,119668,119672,119690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119631,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119633,3741],{"class":50},[44,119635,55],{"class":54},[44,119637,3746],{"class":58},[44,119639,2179],{"class":95},[44,119641,83],{"class":58},[44,119643,504],{"class":95},[44,119645,83],{"class":58},[44,119647,1012],{"class":95},[44,119649,3759],{"class":58},[44,119651,119652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119653,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119655,119656,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,119657,1340],{"class":50},[44,119659,55],{"class":54},[44,119661,74493],{"class":153},[44,119663,157],{"class":58},[44,119665,3773],{"class":111},[44,119667,162],{"class":58},[44,119669,119670],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,119671,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119673,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,119675,154],{"class":153},[44,119677,157],{"class":58},[44,119679,63],{"class":62},[44,119681,12256],{"class":66},[44,119683,63],{"class":62},[44,119685,83],{"class":58},[44,119687,4392],{"class":111},[44,119689,162],{"class":58},[44,119691,119692,119694,119696,119698,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,119693,154],{"class":153},[44,119695,157],{"class":58},[44,119697,63],{"class":62},[44,119699,119700],{"class":66},"sorted result:",[44,119702,63],{"class":62},[44,119704,83],{"class":58},[44,119706,81152],{"class":111},[44,119708,162],{"class":58},[20,119710,119711],{},[3868,119712,330],{},[35,119714,119716],{"className":37,"code":119715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119717,119718,119738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119719,119720,119722,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119721,1692],{"class":50},[44,119723,72],{"class":58},[44,119725,3746],{"class":58},[44,119727,2179],{"class":95},[44,119729,83],{"class":58},[44,119731,504],{"class":95},[44,119733,83],{"class":58},[44,119735,1012],{"class":95},[44,119737,3759],{"class":58},[44,119739,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119741,74449],{"class":153},[44,119743,81152],{"class":50},[44,119745,72],{"class":58},[44,119747,3746],{"class":58},[44,119749,3108],{"class":95},[44,119751,83],{"class":58},[44,119753,1012],{"class":95},[44,119755,83],{"class":58},[44,119757,1017],{"class":95},[44,119759,3759],{"class":58},[20,119761,119762,119763,119765],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119764,3773],{}," stays the same.",[20,119767,119768,119769,108],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[395,119770,3697,119771,3630],{"href":74456},[15,119772,74359],{},[30,119774,179,119775,182],{"id":77868},[15,119776,77802],{},[20,119778,119779,119781],{},[15,119780,64246],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119783,48857],{},[192,119785,119786,119789,119792],{},[195,119787,119788],{},"changes the original list directly",[195,119790,119791],{},"only works on lists",[195,119793,3816,119794],{},[15,119795,217],{},[1960,119797,34999,119799,73897],{"id":119798},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119800,77802],{},[35,119802,119804],{"className":37,"code":119803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119805,119806,119826,119830,119840,119844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119807,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119809,3741],{"class":50},[44,119811,55],{"class":54},[44,119813,3746],{"class":58},[44,119815,2179],{"class":95},[44,119817,83],{"class":58},[44,119819,504],{"class":95},[44,119821,83],{"class":58},[44,119823,1012],{"class":95},[44,119825,3759],{"class":58},[44,119827,119828],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119829,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119831,119832,119834,119836,119838],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,119833,3773],{"class":50},[44,119835,108],{"class":58},[44,119837,34720],{"class":111},[44,119839,1635],{"class":58},[44,119841,119842],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,119843,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119845,119846,119848,119850,119852],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,119847,154],{"class":153},[44,119849,157],{"class":58},[44,119851,3773],{"class":111},[44,119853,162],{"class":58},[20,119855,119856],{},[3868,119857,330],{},[35,119859,119860],{"className":37,"code":55082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119861,119862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119863,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119865,4027],{"class":58},[44,119867,3108],{"class":95},[44,119869,83],{"class":58},[44,119871,1012],{"class":95},[44,119873,83],{"class":58},[44,119875,1017],{"class":95},[44,119877,3759],{"class":58},[20,119879,119880,119881,119884],{},"After calling ",[15,119882,119883],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119886,119887,119888,108],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[395,119889,3697,119890,10852],{"href":74710},[15,119891,77802],{},[30,119893,119895],{"id":119894},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119897,119898],{},"Here is the core difference:",[192,119900,119901,119910],{},[195,119902,119903,119906,119907],{},[15,119904,119905],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3868,119908,119909],{},"new sorted list",[195,119911,119912,119915,119916,74267],{},[15,119913,119914],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119917,8470],{},[1960,119919,119921],{"id":119920},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119923,119925],{"className":37,"code":119924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119926,119927,119947,119951,119965,119984,120003,120007,120017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119928,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119930,3741],{"class":50},[44,119932,55],{"class":54},[44,119934,3746],{"class":58},[44,119936,2254],{"class":95},[44,119938,83],{"class":58},[44,119940,1012],{"class":95},[44,119942,83],{"class":58},[44,119944,2574],{"class":95},[44,119946,3759],{"class":58},[44,119948,119949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,119950,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,119952,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,119954,2673],{"class":50},[44,119956,55],{"class":54},[44,119958,74493],{"class":153},[44,119960,157],{"class":58},[44,119962,3773],{"class":111},[44,119964,162],{"class":58},[44,119966,119967,119969,119971,119973,119976,119978,119980,119982],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,119968,154],{"class":153},[44,119970,157],{"class":58},[44,119972,63],{"class":62},[44,119974,119975],{"class":66},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119977,63],{"class":62},[44,119979,83],{"class":58},[44,119981,4392],{"class":111},[44,119983,162],{"class":58},[44,119985,119986,119988,119990,119992,119995,119997,119999,120001],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,119987,154],{"class":153},[44,119989,157],{"class":58},[44,119991,63],{"class":62},[44,119993,119994],{"class":66},"a:",[44,119996,63],{"class":62},[44,119998,83],{"class":58},[44,120000,56820],{"class":111},[44,120002,162],{"class":58},[44,120004,120005],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,120006,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120008,120009,120011,120013,120015],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,120010,3773],{"class":50},[44,120012,108],{"class":58},[44,120014,34720],{"class":111},[44,120016,1635],{"class":58},[44,120018,120019,120021,120023,120025,120028,120030,120032,120034],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,120020,154],{"class":153},[44,120022,157],{"class":58},[44,120024,63],{"class":62},[44,120026,120027],{"class":66},"numbers after sort():",[44,120029,63],{"class":62},[44,120031,83],{"class":58},[44,120033,4392],{"class":111},[44,120035,162],{"class":58},[20,120037,120038],{},[3868,120039,330],{},[35,120041,120043],{"className":37,"code":120042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120044,120045,120068,120088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120046,120047,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120048,120049],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,120051,74449],{"class":153},[44,120053,29650],{"class":58},[44,120055,3746],{"class":58},[44,120057,2254],{"class":95},[44,120059,83],{"class":58},[44,120061,1012],{"class":95},[44,120063,83],{"class":58},[44,120065,2574],{"class":95},[44,120067,3759],{"class":58},[44,120069,120070,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120071,395],{"class":50},[44,120073,72],{"class":58},[44,120075,3746],{"class":58},[44,120077,2173],{"class":95},[44,120079,83],{"class":58},[44,120081,2574],{"class":95},[44,120083,83],{"class":58},[44,120085,4736],{"class":95},[44,120087,3759],{"class":58},[44,120089,120090,120092,120094,120096,120098,120100,120102,120104,120106,120108],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120091,120049],{"class":50},[44,120093,34720],{"class":111},[44,120095,29650],{"class":58},[44,120097,3746],{"class":58},[44,120099,2173],{"class":95},[44,120101,83],{"class":58},[44,120103,2574],{"class":95},[44,120105,83],{"class":58},[44,120107,4736],{"class":95},[44,120109,3759],{"class":58},[20,120111,10825],{},[192,120113,120114,120119],{},[195,120115,120116,120118],{},[15,120117,74359],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[195,120120,120121,120123],{},[15,120122,64246],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,120125,1551,120127],{"id":120126},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120128,74359],{},[20,120130,172,120131,1558],{},[15,120132,74359],{},[192,120134,120135,120138,120140,120143],{},[195,120136,120137],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[195,120139,118907],{},[195,120141,120142],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[195,120144,120145],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1960,120147,120149],{"id":120148},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,120151,120153],{"className":37,"code":120152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120154,120155,120179,120183,120197,120201,120211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120158,3741],{"class":50},[44,120160,55],{"class":54},[44,120162,857],{"class":58},[44,120164,2623],{"class":95},[44,120166,83],{"class":58},[44,120168,504],{"class":95},[44,120170,83],{"class":58},[44,120172,1017],{"class":95},[44,120174,83],{"class":58},[44,120176,1012],{"class":95},[44,120178,162],{"class":58},[44,120180,120181],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120182,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120184,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120186,1340],{"class":50},[44,120188,55],{"class":54},[44,120190,74493],{"class":153},[44,120192,157],{"class":58},[44,120194,3773],{"class":111},[44,120196,162],{"class":58},[44,120198,120199],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,120200,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120202,120203,120205,120207,120209],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,120204,154],{"class":153},[44,120206,157],{"class":58},[44,120208,1376],{"class":111},[44,120210,162],{"class":58},[44,120212,120213,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,120214,154],{"class":153},[44,120216,157],{"class":58},[44,120218,1862],{"class":1861},[44,120220,157],{"class":58},[44,120222,1376],{"class":111},[44,120224,1869],{"class":58},[20,120226,120227],{},[3868,120228,330],{},[35,120230,120232],{"className":37,"code":120231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120233,120234,120254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120235,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120237,4027],{"class":58},[44,120239,3108],{"class":95},[44,120241,83],{"class":58},[44,120243,1012],{"class":95},[44,120245,83],{"class":58},[44,120247,1017],{"class":95},[44,120249,83],{"class":58},[44,120251,2574],{"class":95},[44,120253,3759],{"class":58},[44,120255,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120257,3411],{"class":54},[44,120259,3414],{"class":2182},[44,120261,352],{"class":62},[44,120263,1878],{"class":66},[44,120265,343],{"class":62},[44,120267,3423],{"class":54},[20,120269,2403,120270,120272,120273,108],{},[15,120271,74359],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3868,120274,1878],{},[20,120276,120277,120278,120280],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[395,120279,52703],{"href":50910}," is a helpful next step.",[30,120282,1551,120284],{"id":120283},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120285,77802],{},[20,120287,172,120288,1558],{},[15,120289,77802],{},[192,120291,120292,120295,120298,120301],{},[195,120293,120294],{},"you already have a list",[195,120296,120297],{},"you want to update that list directly",[195,120299,120300],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[195,120302,120303],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1960,120305,120307],{"id":120306},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120309,120311],{"className":37,"code":120310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120312,120313,120345,120349,120359,120363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120314,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323,120325,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120316,5126],{"class":50},[44,120318,55],{"class":54},[44,120320,3746],{"class":58},[44,120322,63],{"class":62},[44,120324,5153],{"class":66},[44,120326,63],{"class":62},[44,120328,83],{"class":58},[44,120330,75],{"class":62},[44,120332,5135],{"class":66},[44,120334,63],{"class":62},[44,120336,83],{"class":58},[44,120338,75],{"class":62},[44,120340,5144],{"class":66},[44,120342,63],{"class":62},[44,120344,3759],{"class":58},[44,120346,120347],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120348,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120350,120351,120353,120355,120357],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120352,5170],{"class":50},[44,120354,108],{"class":58},[44,120356,34720],{"class":111},[44,120358,1635],{"class":58},[44,120360,120361],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,120362,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120364,120365,120367,120369,120371],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,120366,154],{"class":153},[44,120368,157],{"class":58},[44,120370,5170],{"class":111},[44,120372,162],{"class":58},[20,120374,120375],{},[3868,120376,330],{},[35,120378,120380],{"className":37,"code":120379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120381,120382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120383,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120385,4027],{"class":58},[44,120387,343],{"class":62},[44,120389,5135],{"class":66},[44,120391,343],{"class":62},[44,120393,83],{"class":58},[44,120395,352],{"class":62},[44,120397,5144],{"class":66},[44,120399,343],{"class":62},[44,120401,83],{"class":58},[44,120403,352],{"class":62},[44,120405,5153],{"class":66},[44,120407,343],{"class":62},[44,120409,3759],{"class":58},[20,120411,120412],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120414,120415,120416,108],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[395,120417,79808],{"href":78311},[30,120419,120421,4523,120423,120425],{"id":120420},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120422,73512],{},[15,120424,1904],{}," work with both",[20,120427,10703,120428,4523,120430,120432],{},[15,120429,74359],{},[15,120431,77802],{}," support:",[192,120434,120435,120440],{},[195,120436,120437,120439],{},[15,120438,78026],{}," for descending order",[195,120441,120442,120445],{},[15,120443,120444],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120447,120448],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1960,120450,120452],{"id":120451},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120454,120456],{"className":37,"code":120455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120457,120458,120478,120482,120504,120508,120526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120459,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120461,3741],{"class":50},[44,120463,55],{"class":54},[44,120465,3746],{"class":58},[44,120467,2179],{"class":95},[44,120469,83],{"class":58},[44,120471,504],{"class":95},[44,120473,83],{"class":58},[44,120475,1012],{"class":95},[44,120477,3759],{"class":58},[44,120479,120480],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120481,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120483,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120485,154],{"class":153},[44,120487,157],{"class":58},[44,120489,74449],{"class":153},[44,120491,157],{"class":58},[44,120493,3773],{"class":111},[44,120495,83],{"class":58},[44,120497,78005],{"class":463},[44,120499,55],{"class":54},[44,120501,3726],{"class":1400},[44,120503,1869],{"class":58},[44,120505,120506],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,120507,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120509,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,120511,3773],{"class":50},[44,120513,108],{"class":58},[44,120515,34720],{"class":111},[44,120517,157],{"class":58},[44,120519,73512],{"class":463},[44,120521,55],{"class":54},[44,120523,3726],{"class":1400},[44,120525,162],{"class":58},[44,120527,120528,120530,120532,120534],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,120529,154],{"class":153},[44,120531,157],{"class":58},[44,120533,3773],{"class":111},[44,120535,162],{"class":58},[20,120537,120538],{},[3868,120539,330],{},[35,120541,120543],{"className":37,"code":120542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120544,120545,120561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120546,120547,120549,120551,120553,120555,120557,120559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120548,4027],{"class":58},[44,120550,2179],{"class":95},[44,120552,83],{"class":58},[44,120554,1012],{"class":95},[44,120556,83],{"class":58},[44,120558,504],{"class":95},[44,120560,3759],{"class":58},[44,120562,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120564,4027],{"class":58},[44,120566,2179],{"class":95},[44,120568,83],{"class":58},[44,120570,1012],{"class":95},[44,120572,83],{"class":58},[44,120574,504],{"class":95},[44,120576,3759],{"class":58},[1960,120578,120580],{"id":120579},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120582,120584],{"className":37,"code":120583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120585,120586,120618,120622,120648,120652,120674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120587,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610,120612,120614,120616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120589,4198],{"class":50},[44,120591,55],{"class":54},[44,120593,3746],{"class":58},[44,120595,63],{"class":62},[44,120597,83298],{"class":66},[44,120599,63],{"class":62},[44,120601,83],{"class":58},[44,120603,75],{"class":62},[44,120605,4207],{"class":66},[44,120607,63],{"class":62},[44,120609,83],{"class":58},[44,120611,75],{"class":62},[44,120613,118772],{"class":66},[44,120615,63],{"class":62},[44,120617,3759],{"class":58},[44,120619,120620],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120621,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120623,120624,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120625,154],{"class":153},[44,120627,157],{"class":58},[44,120629,74449],{"class":153},[44,120631,157],{"class":58},[44,120633,4242],{"class":111},[44,120635,83],{"class":58},[44,120637,21650],{"class":463},[44,120639,55],{"class":54},[44,120641,3564],{"class":1861},[44,120643,108],{"class":58},[44,120645,8771],{"class":1923},[44,120647,1869],{"class":58},[44,120649,120650],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,120651,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120653,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,120655,4242],{"class":50},[44,120657,108],{"class":58},[44,120659,34720],{"class":111},[44,120661,157],{"class":58},[44,120663,1904],{"class":463},[44,120665,55],{"class":54},[44,120667,3564],{"class":1861},[44,120669,108],{"class":58},[44,120671,8771],{"class":1923},[44,120673,162],{"class":58},[44,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,120677,154],{"class":153},[44,120679,157],{"class":58},[44,120681,4242],{"class":111},[44,120683,162],{"class":58},[20,120685,120686],{},[3868,120687,330],{},[35,120689,120691],{"className":37,"code":120690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120692,120693,120721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120694,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713,120715,120717,120719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120696,4027],{"class":58},[44,120698,343],{"class":62},[44,120700,4207],{"class":66},[44,120702,343],{"class":62},[44,120704,83],{"class":58},[44,120706,352],{"class":62},[44,120708,83298],{"class":66},[44,120710,343],{"class":62},[44,120712,83],{"class":58},[44,120714,352],{"class":62},[44,120716,118772],{"class":66},[44,120718,343],{"class":62},[44,120720,3759],{"class":58},[44,120722,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120724,4027],{"class":58},[44,120726,343],{"class":62},[44,120728,4207],{"class":66},[44,120730,343],{"class":62},[44,120732,83],{"class":58},[44,120734,352],{"class":62},[44,120736,83298],{"class":66},[44,120738,343],{"class":62},[44,120740,83],{"class":58},[44,120742,352],{"class":62},[44,120744,118772],{"class":66},[44,120746,343],{"class":62},[44,120748,3759],{"class":58},[20,120750,567,120751,120753],{},[15,120752,78520],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120755,120756,120757,108],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[395,120758,120760],{"href":120759},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120762,120764],{"id":120763},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120766,120767],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1960,120769,120771,120772,12697],{"id":120770},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120773,77802],{},[20,120775,120776],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120778,120780],{"className":37,"code":120779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120781,120782,120802,120806,120820,120824,120834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120783,120784,120786,120788,120790,120792,120794,120796,120798,120800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120785,3741],{"class":50},[44,120787,55],{"class":54},[44,120789,3746],{"class":58},[44,120791,2179],{"class":95},[44,120793,83],{"class":58},[44,120795,504],{"class":95},[44,120797,83],{"class":58},[44,120799,1012],{"class":95},[44,120801,3759],{"class":58},[44,120803,120804],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120805,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120807,120808,120810,120812,120814,120816,120818],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120809,1340],{"class":50},[44,120811,55],{"class":54},[44,120813,4392],{"class":50},[44,120815,108],{"class":58},[44,120817,34720],{"class":111},[44,120819,1635],{"class":58},[44,120821,120822],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,120823,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120825,120826,120828,120830,120832],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,120827,154],{"class":153},[44,120829,157],{"class":58},[44,120831,1376],{"class":111},[44,120833,162],{"class":58},[44,120835,120836,120838,120840,120842],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,120837,154],{"class":153},[44,120839,157],{"class":58},[44,120841,3773],{"class":111},[44,120843,162],{"class":58},[20,120845,120846],{},[3868,120847,330],{},[35,120849,120850],{"className":37,"code":79143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120851,120852,120856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120853,120854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120855,1401],{"class":1400},[44,120857,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120859,4027],{"class":58},[44,120861,3108],{"class":95},[44,120863,83],{"class":58},[44,120865,1012],{"class":95},[44,120867,83],{"class":58},[44,120869,1017],{"class":95},[44,120871,3759],{"class":58},[20,120873,12004],{},[192,120875,120876,120881,120886],{},[195,120877,120878,120880],{},[15,120879,119883],{}," sorts the list in place",[195,120882,34936,120883,120885],{},[3868,120884,4762],{}," return the sorted list",[195,120887,89922,120888,42082,120890],{},[15,120889,1376],{},[15,120891,217],{},[1960,120893,120895,120896,120898],{"id":120894},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120897,74359],{}," to change the original list",[35,120900,120902],{"className":37,"code":120901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120903,120904,120924,120928,120938,120942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120907,3741],{"class":50},[44,120909,55],{"class":54},[44,120911,3746],{"class":58},[44,120913,2179],{"class":95},[44,120915,83],{"class":58},[44,120917,504],{"class":95},[44,120919,83],{"class":58},[44,120921,1012],{"class":95},[44,120923,3759],{"class":58},[44,120925,120926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,120927,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120929,120930,120932,120934,120936],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,120931,74449],{"class":153},[44,120933,157],{"class":58},[44,120935,3773],{"class":111},[44,120937,162],{"class":58},[44,120939,120940],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,120941,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,120943,120944,120946,120948,120950],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,120945,154],{"class":153},[44,120947,157],{"class":58},[44,120949,3773],{"class":111},[44,120951,162],{"class":58},[20,120953,120954],{},[3868,120955,330],{},[35,120957,120958],{"className":37,"code":119104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120959,120960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120961,120962,120964,120966,120968,120970,120972,120974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120963,4027],{"class":58},[44,120965,2179],{"class":95},[44,120967,83],{"class":58},[44,120969,504],{"class":95},[44,120971,83],{"class":58},[44,120973,1012],{"class":95},[44,120975,3759],{"class":58},[20,120977,120978,120981],{},[15,120979,120980],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120983,10918],{},[35,120985,120987],{"className":37,"code":120986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120988,120989,121009,121013,121027,121031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120990,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001,121003,121005,121007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120992,3741],{"class":50},[44,120994,55],{"class":54},[44,120996,3746],{"class":58},[44,120998,2179],{"class":95},[44,121000,83],{"class":58},[44,121002,504],{"class":95},[44,121004,83],{"class":58},[44,121006,1012],{"class":95},[44,121008,3759],{"class":58},[44,121010,121011],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121012,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121014,121015,121017,121019,121021,121023,121025],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121016,55574],{"class":50},[44,121018,55],{"class":54},[44,121020,74493],{"class":153},[44,121022,157],{"class":58},[44,121024,3773],{"class":111},[44,121026,162],{"class":58},[44,121028,121029],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121030,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121032,121033,121035,121037,121039],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,121034,154],{"class":153},[44,121036,157],{"class":58},[44,121038,55593],{"class":111},[44,121040,162],{"class":58},[1960,121042,121044,121045,121047],{"id":121043},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121046,64246],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,121049,121050],{"className":37,"code":79245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121051,121052,121064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121053,121054,121056,121058,121060,121062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121055,34608],{"class":50},[44,121057,55],{"class":54},[44,121059,75],{"class":62},[44,121061,39],{"class":66},[44,121063,3479],{"class":62},[44,121065,121066,121068,121070,121072],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121067,34629],{"class":50},[44,121069,108],{"class":58},[44,121071,34720],{"class":111},[44,121073,1635],{"class":58},[20,121075,121076,121077,33520],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121078,64246],{},[20,121080,121081,121083],{},[15,121082,64246],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121085,121086,121087,121089,121090,108],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121088,74359],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[395,121091,5267],{"href":5715},[1960,121093,121095,121096,119141],{"id":121094},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121097,74359],{},[35,121099,121101],{"className":37,"code":121100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121102,121103,121116,121130,121134,121144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121104,121105,121107,121109,121111,121114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121106,34608],{"class":50},[44,121108,55],{"class":54},[44,121110,75],{"class":62},[44,121112,121113],{"class":66},"cab",[44,121115,3479],{"class":62},[44,121117,121118,121120,121122,121124,121126,121128],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121119,1340],{"class":50},[44,121121,55],{"class":54},[44,121123,74493],{"class":153},[44,121125,157],{"class":58},[44,121127,34629],{"class":111},[44,121129,162],{"class":58},[44,121131,121132],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121133,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121135,121136,121138,121140,121142],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121137,154],{"class":153},[44,121139,157],{"class":58},[44,121141,1376],{"class":111},[44,121143,162],{"class":58},[44,121145,121146,121148,121150,121152,121154,121156],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,121147,154],{"class":153},[44,121149,157],{"class":58},[44,121151,1862],{"class":1861},[44,121153,157],{"class":58},[44,121155,1376],{"class":111},[44,121157,1869],{"class":58},[20,121159,121160],{},[3868,121161,330],{},[35,121163,121165],{"className":37,"code":121164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121166,121167,121195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121168,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179,121181,121183,121185,121187,121189,121191,121193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121170,4027],{"class":58},[44,121172,343],{"class":62},[44,121174,395],{"class":66},[44,121176,343],{"class":62},[44,121178,83],{"class":58},[44,121180,352],{"class":62},[44,121182,1005],{"class":66},[44,121184,343],{"class":62},[44,121186,83],{"class":58},[44,121188,352],{"class":62},[44,121190,9855],{"class":66},[44,121192,343],{"class":62},[44,121194,3759],{"class":58},[44,121196,121197,121199,121201,121203,121205,121207],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121198,3411],{"class":54},[44,121200,3414],{"class":2182},[44,121202,352],{"class":62},[44,121204,1878],{"class":66},[44,121206,343],{"class":62},[44,121208,3423],{"class":54},[20,121210,121211],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,121213,113662],{"id":113661},[20,121215,121216],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[192,121218,121219,121222,121227,121232,121238],{},[195,121220,121221],{},"confusing a function with a method",[195,121223,121224,121225,53576],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121226,64246],{},[195,121228,121229,121230,12697],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121231,77802],{},[195,121233,121234,121235,121237],{},"trying to use ",[15,121236,64246],{}," on non-list data types",[195,121239,50436,121240,121242],{},[15,121241,74359],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121244,121245],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,121247,121249],{"className":37,"code":121248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121250,121251,121261,121275,121300,121315,121325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121252,121253,121255,121257,121259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121254,154],{"class":153},[44,121256,157],{"class":58},[44,121258,8470],{"class":111},[44,121260,162],{"class":58},[44,121262,121263,121265,121267,121269,121271,121273],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121264,154],{"class":153},[44,121266,157],{"class":58},[44,121268,74449],{"class":153},[44,121270,157],{"class":58},[44,121272,8470],{"class":111},[44,121274,1869],{"class":58},[44,121276,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287,121289,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121278,1340],{"class":50},[44,121280,55],{"class":54},[44,121282,8527],{"class":50},[44,121284,108],{"class":58},[44,121286,34720],{"class":111},[44,121288,7497],{"class":58},[44,121290,121291],{"class":50},"; ",[44,121293,154],{"class":153},[44,121295,157],{"class":58},[44,121297,1376],{"class":111},[44,121299,162],{"class":58},[44,121301,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310,121313],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121303,154],{"class":153},[44,121305,157],{"class":58},[44,121307,1862],{"class":1861},[44,121309,157],{"class":58},[44,121311,121312],{"class":111},"my_data",[44,121314,1869],{"class":58},[44,121316,121317,121319,121321,121323],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,121318,1913],{"class":153},[44,121320,157],{"class":58},[44,121322,74449],{"class":153},[44,121324,162],{"class":58},[44,121326,121327,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,121328,1913],{"class":153},[44,121330,157],{"class":58},[44,121332,1878],{"class":1861},[44,121334,108],{"class":58},[44,121336,34720],{"class":1923},[44,121338,162],{"class":58},[20,121340,84308],{},[192,121342,121343,121346,121350,121358],{},[195,121344,121345],{},"whether your original list changed",[195,121347,26088,121348,11810],{},[15,121349,74359],{},[195,121351,121352,121353,121355,121356],{},"whether ",[15,121354,64246],{}," returned ",[15,121357,217],{},[195,121359,121360],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121362,121364],{"id":121363},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121366,121367],{},"Use this rule:",[192,121369,121370,121378],{},[195,121371,121372,121373,121375,121376],{},"Need a ",[3868,121374,119466],{},": use ",[15,121377,74359],{},[195,121379,121380,121381,121375,121384],{},"Need to ",[3868,121382,121383],{},"change one list directly",[15,121385,77802],{},[20,121387,121388,121389,121391],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121390,74359],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121393,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,121395,121397,121398,2997,121400,2610],{"id":121396},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121399,74359],{},[15,121401,77802],{},[20,121403,121404,121406],{},[15,121405,74359],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1960,121408,5288,121410,5291,121412,2610],{"id":121409},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121411,77802],{},[15,121413,217],{},[20,121415,121416],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1960,121418,1984,121420,121422],{"id":121419},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121421,74359],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121424,121425],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1960,121427,1994,121429,121431],{"id":121428},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121430,64246],{}," on a string?",[20,121433,46294,121434,121436,121437,39855],{},[15,121435,64246],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121438,121439],{},"sorted(string)",[1960,121441,11923,121443,4523,121445,121447],{"id":121442},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121444,74359],{},[15,121446,64246],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121449,121450,121451,108],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121452,78026],{},[30,121454,2020],{"id":2019},[192,121456,121457,121463,121469,121473,121477],{},[195,121458,121459],{},[395,121460,3697,121461,3630],{"href":74456},[15,121462,74359],{},[195,121464,121465],{},[395,121466,3697,121467,10852],{"href":74710},[15,121468,77802],{},[195,121470,121471],{},[395,121472,79808],{"href":78311},[195,121474,121475],{},[395,121476,120760],{"href":120759},[195,121478,121479],{},[395,121480,52703],{"href":50910},[2048,121482,121483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":121485},[121486,121487,121488,121492,121496,121499,121503,121507,121512,121522,121523,121524,121536],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":119554,"depth":102,"text":119555},{"id":117657,"depth":102,"text":119379,"children":121489},[121490],{"id":119621,"depth":150,"text":121491},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77868,"depth":102,"text":79830,"children":121493},[121494],{"id":119798,"depth":150,"text":121495},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119894,"depth":102,"text":119895,"children":121497},[121498],{"id":119920,"depth":150,"text":119921},{"id":120126,"depth":102,"text":121500,"children":121501},"When to use sorted()",[121502],{"id":120148,"depth":150,"text":120149},{"id":120283,"depth":102,"text":121504,"children":121505},"When to use list.sort()",[121506],{"id":120306,"depth":150,"text":120307},{"id":120420,"depth":102,"text":121508,"children":121509},"reverse and key work with both",[121510,121511],{"id":120451,"depth":150,"text":120452},{"id":120579,"depth":150,"text":120580},{"id":120763,"depth":102,"text":120764,"children":121513},[121514,121516,121518,121520],{"id":120770,"depth":150,"text":121515},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120894,"depth":150,"text":121517},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121043,"depth":150,"text":121519},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121094,"depth":150,"text":121521},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113661,"depth":102,"text":113662},{"id":121363,"depth":102,"text":121364},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":121525},[121526,121528,121530,121532,121534],{"id":121396,"depth":150,"text":121527},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121409,"depth":150,"text":121529},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121419,"depth":150,"text":121531},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121428,"depth":150,"text":121533},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121442,"depth":150,"text":121535},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119425,"description":121537},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121543,"title":42103,"body":121544,"description":123276,"extension":2080,"meta":123277,"navigation":682,"path":123278,"seo":123279,"stem":123280,"__hash__":123281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121545,"toc":123233},[121546,121551,121556,121562,121564,121619,121623,121646,121651,121656,121661,121663,121694,121697,121711,121713,121715,121730,121735,121739,121742,121793,121797,121811,121818,121822,121826,121881,121885,121908,121912,121968,121972,121995,121999,122054,122058,122081,122085,122152,122156,122191,122197,122202,122207,122209,122223,122225,122299,122303,122323,122328,122335,122338,122350,122352,122421,122425,122462,122465,122490,122497,122506,122509,122521,122527,122533,122535,122541,122546,122625,122629,122670,122674,122676,122703,122706,122729,122732,122738,122741,122778,122790,122797,122799,122850,122853,122885,122888,122890,122897,122899,122914,122916,122973,122977,123001,123003,123008,123024,123031,123035,123038,123121,123131,123133,123138,123141,123147,123150,123156,123159,123165,123168,123175,123183,123185,123230],[10,121547,3697,121549,3701],{"id":121548},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121550,47613],{},[20,121552,32236,121553,121555],{},[15,121554,47613],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121557,121558,121559,121561],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121560,47613],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121563,33],{"id":32},[35,121565,121567],{"className":37,"code":121566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121568,121569,121577,121591,121595,121605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121570,121571,121573,121575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121572,21699],{"class":50},[44,121574,55],{"class":54},[44,121576,45154],{"class":95},[44,121578,121579,121581,121583,121585,121587,121589],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121580,34608],{"class":50},[44,121582,55],{"class":54},[44,121584,48834],{"class":1861},[44,121586,157],{"class":58},[44,121588,88],{"class":111},[44,121590,162],{"class":58},[44,121592,121593],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121594,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121596,121597,121599,121601,121603],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121598,154],{"class":153},[44,121600,157],{"class":58},[44,121602,34629],{"class":111},[44,121604,162],{"class":58},[44,121606,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,121608,154],{"class":153},[44,121610,157],{"class":58},[44,121612,1862],{"class":1861},[44,121614,157],{"class":58},[44,121616,34629],{"class":111},[44,121618,1869],{"class":58},[20,121620,121621],{},[3868,121622,330],{},[35,121624,121626],{"className":37,"code":121625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121627,121628,121632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121629,121630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121631,2828],{"class":95},[44,121633,121634,121636,121638,121640,121642,121644],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121635,3411],{"class":54},[44,121637,3414],{"class":2182},[44,121639,352],{"class":62},[44,121641,3564],{"class":66},[44,121643,343],{"class":62},[44,121645,3423],{"class":54},[20,121647,172,121648,121650],{},[15,121649,47613],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121652,179,121654,182],{"id":121653},"what-str-does",[15,121655,47613],{},[20,121657,121658,121660],{},[15,121659,47613],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121662,2224],{},[192,121664,121665,121672,121679,121686],{},[195,121666,121667,121668,42082,121670],{},"An integer like ",[15,121669,2448],{},[15,121671,42053],{},[195,121673,121674,121675,42082,121677],{},"A float like ",[15,121676,40069],{},[15,121678,48024],{},[195,121680,121681,121682,42082,121684],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121683,3726],{},[15,121685,6771],{},[195,121687,121688,121689,42082,121691],{},"A list like ",[15,121690,75181],{},[15,121692,121693],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121695,121696],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[192,121698,121699,121702,121705,121708],{},[195,121700,121701],{},"print it",[195,121703,121704],{},"combine it with other strings",[195,121706,121707],{},"save it to a file",[195,121709,121710],{},"use it in messages",[30,121712,402],{"id":401},[20,121714,7349],{},[35,121716,121718],{"className":37,"code":121717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121719,121720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121721,121722,121724,121726,121728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121723,3564],{"class":1861},[44,121725,157],{"class":58},[44,121727,42326],{"class":1861},[44,121729,162],{"class":58},[20,121731,20843,121732,121734],{},[15,121733,42326],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121736,121737,8356],{},[15,121738,47613],{},[20,121740,121741],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121743,121745],{"className":37,"code":121744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121746,121747,121756,121779,121783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121748,121749,121751,121753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121750,5226],{"class":50},[44,121752,55],{"class":54},[44,121754,121755],{"class":95}," 100\n",[44,121757,121758,121760,121762,121764,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121759,89942],{"class":50},[44,121761,55],{"class":54},[44,121763,75],{"class":62},[44,121765,121766],{"class":66},"Your score is ",[44,121768,63],{"class":62},[44,121770,2571],{"class":54},[44,121772,48834],{"class":1861},[44,121774,157],{"class":58},[44,121776,85455],{"class":111},[44,121778,162],{"class":58},[44,121780,121781],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121782,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121784,121785,121787,121789,121791],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121786,154],{"class":153},[44,121788,157],{"class":58},[44,121790,89959],{"class":111},[44,121792,162],{"class":58},[20,121794,121795],{},[3868,121796,330],{},[35,121798,121800],{"className":37,"code":121799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121801,121802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121803,121804,121807,121809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121805,121806],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121808,12295],{"class":54},[44,121810,121755],{"class":95},[20,121812,2413,121813,121817],{},[395,121814,121815,2420],{"href":2416},[15,121816,2419],{}," can help you check.",[30,121819,121821],{"id":121820},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1960,121823,121825],{"id":121824},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121827,121829],{"className":37,"code":121828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121830,121831,121839,121853,121857,121867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121832,121833,121835,121837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121834,2335],{"class":50},[44,121836,55],{"class":54},[44,121838,2706],{"class":95},[44,121840,121841,121843,121845,121847,121849,121851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121842,34608],{"class":50},[44,121844,55],{"class":54},[44,121846,48834],{"class":1861},[44,121848,157],{"class":58},[44,121850,2357],{"class":111},[44,121852,162],{"class":58},[44,121854,121855],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121856,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121858,121859,121861,121863,121865],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121860,154],{"class":153},[44,121862,157],{"class":58},[44,121864,34629],{"class":111},[44,121866,162],{"class":58},[44,121868,121869,121871,121873,121875,121877,121879],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,121870,154],{"class":153},[44,121872,157],{"class":58},[44,121874,1862],{"class":1861},[44,121876,157],{"class":58},[44,121878,34629],{"class":111},[44,121880,1869],{"class":58},[20,121882,121883],{},[3868,121884,330],{},[35,121886,121888],{"className":37,"code":121887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121889,121890,121894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121891,121892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121893,2494],{"class":95},[44,121895,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121897,3411],{"class":54},[44,121899,3414],{"class":2182},[44,121901,352],{"class":62},[44,121903,3564],{"class":66},[44,121905,343],{"class":62},[44,121907,3423],{"class":54},[1960,121909,121911],{"id":121910},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121913,121915],{"className":37,"code":121914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121916,121917,121926,121940,121944,121954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121918,121919,121921,121923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121920,40313],{"class":50},[44,121922,55],{"class":54},[44,121924,121925],{"class":95}," 3.14\n",[44,121927,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936,121938],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121929,34608],{"class":50},[44,121931,55],{"class":54},[44,121933,48834],{"class":1861},[44,121935,157],{"class":58},[44,121937,25218],{"class":111},[44,121939,162],{"class":58},[44,121941,121942],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,121943,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,121945,121946,121948,121950,121952],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,121947,154],{"class":153},[44,121949,157],{"class":58},[44,121951,34629],{"class":111},[44,121953,162],{"class":58},[44,121955,121956,121958,121960,121962,121964,121966],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,121957,154],{"class":153},[44,121959,157],{"class":58},[44,121961,1862],{"class":1861},[44,121963,157],{"class":58},[44,121965,34629],{"class":111},[44,121967,1869],{"class":58},[20,121969,121970],{},[3868,121971,330],{},[35,121973,121975],{"className":37,"code":121974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121976,121977,121981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121978,121979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121980,40103],{"class":95},[44,121982,121983,121985,121987,121989,121991,121993],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,121984,3411],{"class":54},[44,121986,3414],{"class":2182},[44,121988,352],{"class":62},[44,121990,3564],{"class":66},[44,121992,343],{"class":62},[44,121994,3423],{"class":54},[1960,121996,121998],{"id":121997},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,122000,122002],{"className":37,"code":122001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122003,122004,122012,122026,122030,122040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122005,122006,122008,122010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122007,2564],{"class":50},[44,122009,55],{"class":54},[44,122011,6552],{"class":1400},[44,122013,122014,122016,122018,122020,122022,122024],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122015,34608],{"class":50},[44,122017,55],{"class":54},[44,122019,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122021,157],{"class":58},[44,122023,2590],{"class":111},[44,122025,162],{"class":58},[44,122027,122028],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122029,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122031,122032,122034,122036,122038],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122033,154],{"class":153},[44,122035,157],{"class":58},[44,122037,34629],{"class":111},[44,122039,162],{"class":58},[44,122041,122042,122044,122046,122048,122050,122052],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,122043,154],{"class":153},[44,122045,157],{"class":58},[44,122047,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122049,157],{"class":58},[44,122051,34629],{"class":111},[44,122053,1869],{"class":58},[20,122055,122056],{},[3868,122057,330],{},[35,122059,122061],{"className":37,"code":122060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122062,122063,122067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122064,122065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122066,4107],{"class":1400},[44,122068,122069,122071,122073,122075,122077,122079],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122070,3411],{"class":54},[44,122072,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122074,352],{"class":62},[44,122076,3564],{"class":66},[44,122078,343],{"class":62},[44,122080,3423],{"class":54},[1960,122082,122084],{"id":122083},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,122086,122088],{"className":37,"code":122087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122089,122090,122110,122124,122128,122138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102,122104,122106,122108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122093,7910],{"class":50},[44,122095,55],{"class":54},[44,122097,3746],{"class":58},[44,122099,3108],{"class":95},[44,122101,83],{"class":58},[44,122103,1012],{"class":95},[44,122105,83],{"class":58},[44,122107,1017],{"class":95},[44,122109,3759],{"class":58},[44,122111,122112,122114,122116,122118,122120,122122],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122113,34608],{"class":50},[44,122115,55],{"class":54},[44,122117,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122119,157],{"class":58},[44,122121,7940],{"class":111},[44,122123,162],{"class":58},[44,122125,122126],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122127,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122129,122130,122132,122134,122136],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122131,154],{"class":153},[44,122133,157],{"class":58},[44,122135,34629],{"class":111},[44,122137,162],{"class":58},[44,122139,122140,122142,122144,122146,122148,122150],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,122141,154],{"class":153},[44,122143,157],{"class":58},[44,122145,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122147,157],{"class":58},[44,122149,34629],{"class":111},[44,122151,1869],{"class":58},[20,122153,122154],{},[3868,122155,330],{},[35,122157,122159],{"className":37,"code":122158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122160,122161,122177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122162,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173,122175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122164,4027],{"class":58},[44,122166,3108],{"class":95},[44,122168,83],{"class":58},[44,122170,1012],{"class":95},[44,122172,83],{"class":58},[44,122174,1017],{"class":95},[44,122176,3759],{"class":58},[44,122178,122179,122181,122183,122185,122187,122189],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122180,3411],{"class":54},[44,122182,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122184,352],{"class":62},[44,122186,3564],{"class":66},[44,122188,343],{"class":62},[44,122190,3423],{"class":54},[20,122192,122193,122194,122196],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3868,122195,4762],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,122198,1551,122200],{"id":122199},"when-to-use-str",[15,122201,47613],{},[20,122203,172,122204,122206],{},[15,122205,47613],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122208,36349],{},[192,122210,122211,122214,122217,122220],{},[195,122212,122213],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[195,122215,122216],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[195,122218,122219],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[195,122221,122222],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122224,223],{},[35,122226,122228],{"className":37,"code":122227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122229,122230,122242,122250,122254,122289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122231,122232,122234,122236,122238,122240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122233,8007],{"class":50},[44,122235,55],{"class":54},[44,122237,75],{"class":62},[44,122239,11614],{"class":66},[44,122241,3479],{"class":62},[44,122243,122244,122246,122248],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122245,21699],{"class":50},[44,122247,55],{"class":54},[44,122249,45154],{"class":95},[44,122251,122252],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122253,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122255,122256,122258,122260,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280,122282,122284,122287],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122257,89942],{"class":50},[44,122259,55],{"class":54},[44,122261,35891],{"class":50},[44,122263,2176],{"class":54},[44,122265,75],{"class":62},[44,122267,4915],{"class":66},[44,122269,63],{"class":62},[44,122271,2571],{"class":54},[44,122273,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122275,157],{"class":58},[44,122277,88],{"class":111},[44,122279,3786],{"class":58},[44,122281,2571],{"class":54},[44,122283,75],{"class":62},[44,122285,122286],{"class":66}," years old.",[44,122288,3479],{"class":62},[44,122290,122291,122293,122295,122297],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,122292,154],{"class":153},[44,122294,157],{"class":58},[44,122296,89959],{"class":111},[44,122298,162],{"class":58},[20,122300,122301],{},[3868,122302,330],{},[35,122304,122306],{"className":37,"code":122305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122307,122308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122309,122310,122313,122315,122317,122320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122311,122312],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122314,12295],{"class":54},[44,122316,1164],{"class":95},[44,122318,122319],{"class":50}," years old",[44,122321,122322],{"class":58},".\n",[20,122324,122325,122326,108],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[395,122327,89628],{"href":89627},[30,122329,122331,10698,122333],{"id":122330},"str-vs-print",[15,122332,47613],{},[15,122334,46381],{},[20,122336,122337],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[192,122339,122340,122345],{},[195,122341,122342,122344],{},[15,122343,47613],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[195,122346,122347,122349],{},[15,122348,46381],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122351,223],{},[35,122353,122355],{"className":37,"code":122354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122356,122357,122365,122369,122383,122393,122407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122358,122359,122361,122363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122360,2564],{"class":50},[44,122362,55],{"class":54},[44,122364,2888],{"class":95},[44,122366,122367],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122368,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122370,122371,122373,122375,122377,122379,122381],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122372,34608],{"class":50},[44,122374,55],{"class":54},[44,122376,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122378,157],{"class":58},[44,122380,2590],{"class":111},[44,122382,162],{"class":58},[44,122384,122385,122387,122389,122391],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122386,154],{"class":153},[44,122388,157],{"class":58},[44,122390,34629],{"class":111},[44,122392,162],{"class":58},[44,122394,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,122396,154],{"class":153},[44,122398,157],{"class":58},[44,122400,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122402,157],{"class":58},[44,122404,34629],{"class":111},[44,122406,1869],{"class":58},[44,122408,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417,122419],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,122410,154],{"class":153},[44,122412,157],{"class":58},[44,122414,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122416,157],{"class":58},[44,122418,2590],{"class":111},[44,122420,1869],{"class":58},[20,122422,122423],{},[3868,122424,330],{},[35,122426,122428],{"className":37,"code":122427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122429,122430,122434,122448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122431,122432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122433,46541],{"class":95},[44,122435,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444,122446],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122437,3411],{"class":54},[44,122439,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122441,352],{"class":62},[44,122443,3564],{"class":66},[44,122445,343],{"class":62},[44,122447,3423],{"class":54},[44,122449,122450,122452,122454,122456,122458,122460],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122451,3411],{"class":54},[44,122453,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122455,352],{"class":62},[44,122457,2306],{"class":66},[44,122459,343],{"class":62},[44,122461,3423],{"class":54},[20,122463,122464],{},"Notice:",[192,122466,122467,122473,122478],{},[195,122468,122469,122472],{},[15,122470,122471],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[195,122474,122475,122477],{},[15,122476,46381],{}," only displayed values",[195,122479,122480,122482,122483,122485,122486,61235,122488],{},[15,122481,46381],{}," did not change ",[15,122484,2590],{}," from ",[15,122487,2306],{},[15,122489,3564],{},[20,122491,122492,122493,108],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[395,122494,122495,2420],{"href":46378},[15,122496,46381],{},[30,122498,122500,10698,122502,122505],{"id":122499},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122501,47613],{},[15,122503,122504],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122507,122508],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[192,122510,122511,122516],{},[195,122512,122513,122515],{},[15,122514,47613],{}," is the more readable text version",[195,122517,122518,122520],{},[15,122519,122504],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122522,122523,122524,122526],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122525,47613],{}," much more often.",[20,122528,122529,122530,122532],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122531,47613],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122534,4649],{"id":4648},[1960,122536,25843,122538,122540],{"id":122537},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122539,47613],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122542,122543,122545],{},[15,122544,47613],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122547,122549],{"className":37,"code":122548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122550,122551,122559,122573,122577,122587,122601,122611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122552,122553,122555,122557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122554,21699],{"class":50},[44,122556,55],{"class":54},[44,122558,45154],{"class":95},[44,122560,122561,122563,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122562,34608],{"class":50},[44,122564,55],{"class":54},[44,122566,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122568,157],{"class":58},[44,122570,88],{"class":111},[44,122572,162],{"class":58},[44,122574,122575],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122576,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122578,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122580,154],{"class":153},[44,122582,157],{"class":58},[44,122584,88],{"class":111},[44,122586,162],{"class":58},[44,122588,122589,122591,122593,122595,122597,122599],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,122590,154],{"class":153},[44,122592,157],{"class":58},[44,122594,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122596,157],{"class":58},[44,122598,88],{"class":111},[44,122600,1869],{"class":58},[44,122602,122603,122605,122607,122609],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,122604,154],{"class":153},[44,122606,157],{"class":58},[44,122608,34629],{"class":111},[44,122610,162],{"class":58},[44,122612,122613,122615,122617,122619,122621,122623],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,122614,154],{"class":153},[44,122616,157],{"class":58},[44,122618,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122620,157],{"class":58},[44,122622,34629],{"class":111},[44,122624,1869],{"class":58},[20,122626,122627],{},[3868,122628,330],{},[35,122630,122632],{"className":37,"code":122631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122633,122634,122638,122652,122656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122635,122636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122637,2828],{"class":95},[44,122639,122640,122642,122644,122646,122648,122650],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122641,3411],{"class":54},[44,122643,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122645,352],{"class":62},[44,122647,2306],{"class":66},[44,122649,343],{"class":62},[44,122651,3423],{"class":54},[44,122653,122654],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122655,2828],{"class":95},[44,122657,122658,122660,122662,122664,122666,122668],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122659,3411],{"class":54},[44,122661,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122663,352],{"class":62},[44,122665,3564],{"class":66},[44,122667,343],{"class":62},[44,122669,3423],{"class":54},[1960,122671,122673],{"id":122672},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122675,6818],{},[35,122677,122679],{"className":37,"code":122678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122680,122681,122689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122682,122683,122685,122687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122684,21699],{"class":50},[44,122686,55],{"class":54},[44,122688,45154],{"class":95},[44,122690,122691,122693,122695,122697,122699,122701],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122692,34608],{"class":50},[44,122694,55],{"class":54},[44,122696,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122698,157],{"class":58},[44,122700,88],{"class":111},[44,122702,162],{"class":58},[20,122704,122705],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122707,122709],{"className":37,"code":122708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122710,122711,122719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122712,122713,122715,122717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122714,21699],{"class":50},[44,122716,55],{"class":54},[44,122718,45154],{"class":95},[44,122720,122721,122723,122725,122727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122722,3564],{"class":1861},[44,122724,157],{"class":58},[44,122726,88],{"class":111},[44,122728,162],{"class":58},[20,122730,122731],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1960,122733,567,122735,122737],{"id":122734},"using-str-too-early",[15,122736,47613],{}," too early",[20,122739,122740],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122742,122744],{"className":37,"code":122743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122745,122746,122754,122769,122773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122747,122748,122750,122752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122749,40313],{"class":50},[44,122751,55],{"class":54},[44,122753,2706],{"class":95},[44,122755,122756,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122757,122758],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122760,55],{"class":54},[44,122762,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122764,157],{"class":58},[44,122766,25218],{"class":111},[44,122768,162],{"class":58},[44,122770,122771],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122772,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122774,122775],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122776,122777],{"class":168},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122779,122780,122781,2997,122785,122789],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[395,122782,122783],{"href":2993},[15,122784,2996],{},[395,122786,122787],{"href":3000},[15,122788,3003],{},", depending on the situation.",[1960,122791,1821,122793,122796],{"id":122792},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122794,122795],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122798,64578],{},[35,122800,122802],{"className":37,"code":122801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122803,122804,122836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122805,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832,122834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122807,7910],{"class":50},[44,122809,55],{"class":54},[44,122811,3746],{"class":58},[44,122813,63],{"class":62},[44,122815,4207],{"class":66},[44,122817,63],{"class":62},[44,122819,83],{"class":58},[44,122821,75],{"class":62},[44,122823,4216],{"class":66},[44,122825,63],{"class":62},[44,122827,83],{"class":58},[44,122829,75],{"class":62},[44,122831,33140],{"class":66},[44,122833,63],{"class":62},[44,122835,3759],{"class":58},[44,122837,122838,122840,122842,122844,122846,122848],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122839,154],{"class":153},[44,122841,157],{"class":58},[44,122843,3564],{"class":1861},[44,122845,157],{"class":58},[44,122847,7940],{"class":111},[44,122849,1869],{"class":58},[20,122851,122852],{},"prints:",[35,122854,122855],{"className":37,"code":72771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122856,122857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122858,122859,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881,122883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122860,4027],{"class":58},[44,122862,343],{"class":62},[44,122864,4207],{"class":66},[44,122866,343],{"class":62},[44,122868,83],{"class":58},[44,122870,352],{"class":62},[44,122872,4216],{"class":66},[44,122874,343],{"class":62},[44,122876,83],{"class":58},[44,122878,352],{"class":62},[44,122880,33140],{"class":66},[44,122882,343],{"class":62},[44,122884,3759],{"class":58},[20,122886,122887],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,122889,1293],{"id":1292},[20,122891,122892,22046,122894,108],{},[15,122893,47613],{},[3868,122895,122896],{},"new string",[20,122898,11564],{},[192,122900,122901,122904,122907],{},[195,122902,122903],{},"It always returns a string",[195,122905,122906],{},"It does not modify the original object",[195,122908,7893,122909,122913],{},[395,122910,122911],{"href":2416},[15,122912,2419],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122915,223],{},[35,122917,122919],{"className":37,"code":122918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122920,122921,122929,122944,122948,122959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122922,122923,122925,122927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122924,2564],{"class":50},[44,122926,55],{"class":54},[44,122928,14217],{"class":95},[44,122930,122931,122934,122936,122938,122940,122942],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122932,122933],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122935,55],{"class":54},[44,122937,48834],{"class":1861},[44,122939,157],{"class":58},[44,122941,2590],{"class":111},[44,122943,162],{"class":58},[44,122945,122946],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,122947,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,122949,122950,122952,122954,122957],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,122951,154],{"class":153},[44,122953,157],{"class":58},[44,122955,122956],{"class":111},"converted",[44,122958,162],{"class":58},[44,122960,122961,122963,122965,122967,122969,122971],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,122962,154],{"class":153},[44,122964,157],{"class":58},[44,122966,1862],{"class":1861},[44,122968,157],{"class":58},[44,122970,122956],{"class":111},[44,122972,1869],{"class":58},[20,122974,122975],{},[3868,122976,330],{},[35,122978,122980],{"className":37,"code":122979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122981,122982,122987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122983,122984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122985,122986],{"class":95},"99\n",[44,122988,122989,122991,122993,122995,122997,122999],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,122990,3411],{"class":54},[44,122992,3414],{"class":2182},[44,122994,352],{"class":62},[44,122996,3564],{"class":66},[44,122998,343],{"class":62},[44,123000,3423],{"class":54},[30,123002,113662],{"id":113661},[20,123004,123005,123006,74750],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123007,47613],{},[192,123009,123010,123013,123016,123021],{},[195,123011,123012],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[195,123014,123015],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[195,123017,567,123018,123020],{},[15,123019,47613],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[195,123022,123023],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123025,123026,123027,108],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[395,123028,25748,123029],{"href":90340},[15,123030,90341],{},[30,123032,123034],{"id":123033},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123036,123037],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,123039,123041],{"className":37,"code":123040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123042,123043,123051,123055,123065,123079,123083,123097,123107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123044,123045,123047,123049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123046,2564],{"class":50},[44,123048,55],{"class":54},[44,123050,45154],{"class":95},[44,123052,123053],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123054,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,123056,123057,123059,123061,123063],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,123058,154],{"class":153},[44,123060,157],{"class":58},[44,123062,2590],{"class":111},[44,123064,162],{"class":58},[44,123066,123067,123069,123071,123073,123075,123077],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,123068,154],{"class":153},[44,123070,157],{"class":58},[44,123072,1862],{"class":1861},[44,123074,157],{"class":58},[44,123076,2590],{"class":111},[44,123078,1869],{"class":58},[44,123080,123081],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,123082,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,123084,123085,123087,123089,123091,123093,123095],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,123086,122933],{"class":50},[44,123088,55],{"class":54},[44,123090,48834],{"class":1861},[44,123092,157],{"class":58},[44,123094,2590],{"class":111},[44,123096,162],{"class":58},[44,123098,123099,123101,123103,123105],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,123100,154],{"class":153},[44,123102,157],{"class":58},[44,123104,122956],{"class":111},[44,123106,162],{"class":58},[44,123108,123109,123111,123113,123115,123117,123119],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,123110,154],{"class":153},[44,123112,157],{"class":58},[44,123114,1862],{"class":1861},[44,123116,157],{"class":58},[44,123118,122956],{"class":111},[44,123120,1869],{"class":58},[20,123122,123123,123124,2307,123126,123128,123129,108],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123125,2306],{},[15,123127,2310],{},", or another type into ",[15,123130,3564],{},[30,123132,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,123134,5273,123136,5276],{"id":123135},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123137,47613],{},[20,123139,123140],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1960,123142,1963,123144,123146],{"id":123143},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123145,47613],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123148,123149],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1960,123151,1984,123153,123155],{"id":123152},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123154,47613],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123157,123158],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1960,123160,94526,123162,123164],{"id":123161},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123163,47613],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123166,123167],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1960,123169,14989,123171,57138,123173,2610],{"id":123170},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123172,47613],{},[15,123174,46381],{},[20,123176,46294,123177,123179,123180,123182],{},[15,123178,47613],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123181,46381],{}," shows output.",[30,123184,2020],{"id":2019},[192,123186,123187,123193,123199,123205,123211,123220,123224],{},[195,123188,123189],{},[395,123190,123191,3630],{"href":46378},[15,123192,46381],{},[195,123194,123195],{},[395,123196,123197,3630],{"href":2416},[15,123198,2419],{},[195,123200,123201],{},[395,123202,123203,3630],{"href":2993},[15,123204,2996],{},[195,123206,123207],{},[395,123208,123209,3630],{"href":3000},[15,123210,3003],{},[195,123212,123213],{},[395,123214,123216,123217,123219],{"href":123215},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123218,2306],{}," to string in Python",[195,123221,123222],{},[395,123223,90618],{"href":89627},[195,123225,123226],{},[395,123227,30414,123228],{"href":90340},[15,123229,90341],{},[2048,123231,123232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":123234},[123235,123236,123238,123239,123245,123247,123249,123251,123260,123261,123262,123263,123275],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":121653,"depth":102,"text":123237},"What str() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":121820,"depth":102,"text":121821,"children":123240},[123241,123242,123243,123244],{"id":121824,"depth":150,"text":121825},{"id":121910,"depth":150,"text":121911},{"id":121997,"depth":150,"text":121998},{"id":122083,"depth":150,"text":122084},{"id":122199,"depth":102,"text":123246},"When to use str()",{"id":122330,"depth":102,"text":123248},"str() vs print()",{"id":122499,"depth":102,"text":123250},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":123252},[123253,123255,123256,123258],{"id":122537,"depth":150,"text":123254},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122672,"depth":150,"text":122673},{"id":122734,"depth":150,"text":123257},"Using str() too early",{"id":122792,"depth":150,"text":123259},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":113661,"depth":102,"text":113662},{"id":123033,"depth":102,"text":123034},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":123264},[123265,123267,123269,123271,123273],{"id":123135,"depth":150,"text":123266},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123143,"depth":150,"text":123268},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123152,"depth":150,"text":123270},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123161,"depth":150,"text":123272},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123170,"depth":150,"text":123274},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42103,"description":123276},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123283,"title":123284,"body":123285,"description":124738,"extension":2080,"meta":124739,"navigation":682,"path":124740,"seo":124741,"stem":124742,"__hash__":124743},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123286,"toc":124700},[123287,123293,123299,123302,123324,123326,123388,123390,123403,123409,123414,123419,123421,123434,123445,123447,123474,123476,123493,123500,123511,123513,123518,123520,123532,123540,123549,123551,123554,123607,123609,123617,123625,123629,123634,123674,123676,123684,123687,123689,123729,123731,123739,123749,123755,123758,123831,123833,123846,123850,123855,123883,123886,123921,123923,123931,123934,123938,123942,123944,123960,123962,124002,124004,124012,124021,124064,124066,124074,124076,124080,124086,124089,124129,124131,124139,124144,124147,124190,124194,124197,124232,124237,124239,124278,124288,124296,124306,124314,124318,124323,124325,124366,124368,124376,124381,124384,124387,124405,124411,124415,124420,124423,124463,124465,124470,124569,124572,124588,124590,124609,124611,124618,124621,124627,124630,124636,124640,124646,124649,124655,124658,124660,124697],[10,123288,123290,123291,18],{"id":123289},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123292,57223],{},[20,123294,123295,123296,123298],{},"The Python string ",[15,123297,57223],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123300,123301],{},"This reference page explains:",[192,123303,123304,123308,123311,123313,123321],{},[195,123305,26088,123306,182],{},[15,123307,57223],{},[195,123309,123310],{},"its syntax",[195,123312,35316],{},[195,123314,123315,123316,4523,123318,123320],{},"how ",[15,123317,35995],{},[15,123319,52592],{}," work",[195,123322,123323],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123325,33],{"id":32},[35,123327,123329],{"className":37,"code":123328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123330,123331,123343,123365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123332,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123334,34608],{"class":50},[44,123336,55],{"class":54},[44,123338,75],{"class":62},[44,123340,4216],{"class":66},[44,123342,3479],{"class":62},[44,123344,123345,123347,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123346,154],{"class":153},[44,123348,157],{"class":58},[44,123350,34629],{"class":111},[44,123352,108],{"class":58},[44,123354,41186],{"class":111},[44,123356,157],{"class":58},[44,123358,63],{"class":62},[44,123360,395],{"class":66},[44,123362,63],{"class":62},[44,123364,1869],{"class":58},[44,123366,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381,123384,123386],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,123368,154],{"class":153},[44,123370,157],{"class":58},[44,123372,34629],{"class":111},[44,123374,108],{"class":58},[44,123376,41186],{"class":111},[44,123378,157],{"class":58},[44,123380,63],{"class":62},[44,123382,123383],{"class":66},"na",[44,123385,63],{"class":62},[44,123387,1869],{"class":58},[20,123389,330],{},[35,123391,123393],{"className":37,"code":123392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123394,123395,123399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123396,123397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123398,46546],{"class":95},[44,123400,123401],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123402,17137],{"class":95},[20,123404,172,123405,123408],{},[15,123406,123407],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123410,13092,123412,13095],{"id":123411},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123413,57223],{},[20,123415,123416,123418],{},[15,123417,57223],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123420,13148],{},[192,123422,123423,123426,123429,123431],{},[195,123424,123425],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[195,123427,123428],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[195,123430,43586],{},[195,123432,123433],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123435,123436,123437,123439,123440,2307,123442,123444],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123438,18174],{}," characters are in ",[15,123441,65209],{},[15,123443,57223],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123446,402],{"id":401},[35,123448,123450],{"className":37,"code":123449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123451,123452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123453,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123455,61108],{"class":50},[44,123457,108],{"class":58},[44,123459,41186],{"class":111},[44,123461,157],{"class":58},[44,123463,2590],{"class":111},[44,123465,83],{"class":58},[44,123467,35974],{"class":111},[44,123469,83],{"class":58},[44,123471,64975],{"class":111},[44,123473,162],{"class":58},[1960,123475,17475],{"id":17474},[192,123477,123478,123483,123488],{},[195,123479,123480,123482],{},[15,123481,2590],{},": the text to search for",[195,123484,123485,123487],{},[15,123486,35995],{},": optional; where counting begins",[195,123489,123490,123492],{},[15,123491,52592],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123494,123495,4523,123497,123499],{},[15,123496,35995],{},[15,123498,52592],{}," work like slice positions:",[192,123501,123502,123507],{},[195,123503,123504,123506],{},[15,123505,35995],{}," is included",[195,123508,123509,75676],{},[15,123510,52592],{},[30,123512,1293],{"id":1292},[20,123514,123515,123517],{},[15,123516,57223],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123519,2243],{},[192,123521,123522,123527],{},[195,123523,123524,123525],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123526,2179],{},[195,123528,123529,123530],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123531,2237],{},[20,123533,40832,123534,5291,123536,2997,123538,108],{},[3868,123535,4762],{},[15,123537,3726],{},[15,123539,3799],{},[20,123541,123542,123543,123548],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[395,123544,123546,101536],{"href":123545},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123547,4009],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123550,11581],{"id":11580},[20,123552,123553],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123555,123557],{"className":37,"code":123556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123558,123559,123571,123593,123597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123560,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123562,34608],{"class":50},[44,123564,55],{"class":54},[44,123566,75],{"class":62},[44,123568,4207],{"class":66},[44,123570,3479],{"class":62},[44,123572,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585,123587,123589,123591],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123574,1340],{"class":50},[44,123576,55],{"class":54},[44,123578,42769],{"class":50},[44,123580,108],{"class":58},[44,123582,41186],{"class":111},[44,123584,157],{"class":58},[44,123586,63],{"class":62},[44,123588,20],{"class":66},[44,123590,63],{"class":62},[44,123592,162],{"class":58},[44,123594,123595],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,123596,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,123598,123599,123601,123603,123605],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,123600,154],{"class":153},[44,123602,157],{"class":58},[44,123604,1376],{"class":111},[44,123606,162],{"class":58},[20,123608,330],{},[35,123610,123611],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123612,123613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123614,123615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123616,17137],{"class":95},[20,123618,63754,123619,123622,123623,108],{},[15,123620,123621],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123624,57766],{},[30,123626,123628],{"id":123627},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123630,123631,123633],{},[15,123632,57223],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123635,123637],{"className":37,"code":123636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123638,123639,123652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123640,123641,123643,123645,123647,123650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123642,34608],{"class":50},[44,123644,55],{"class":54},[44,123646,75],{"class":62},[44,123648,123649],{"class":66},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123651,3479],{"class":62},[44,123653,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664,123666,123668,123670,123672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123655,154],{"class":153},[44,123657,157],{"class":58},[44,123659,34629],{"class":111},[44,123661,108],{"class":58},[44,123663,41186],{"class":111},[44,123665,157],{"class":58},[44,123667,63],{"class":62},[44,123669,36971],{"class":66},[44,123671,63],{"class":62},[44,123673,1869],{"class":58},[20,123675,330],{},[35,123677,123678],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123679,123680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123681,123682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123683,46546],{"class":95},[20,123685,123686],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123688,223],{},[35,123690,123692],{"className":37,"code":123691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123693,123694,123707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123695,123696,123698,123700,123702,123705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123697,34608],{"class":50},[44,123699,55],{"class":54},[44,123701,75],{"class":62},[44,123703,123704],{"class":66},"one One one",[44,123706,3479],{"class":62},[44,123708,123709,123711,123713,123715,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123710,154],{"class":153},[44,123712,157],{"class":58},[44,123714,34629],{"class":111},[44,123716,108],{"class":58},[44,123718,41186],{"class":111},[44,123720,157],{"class":58},[44,123722,63],{"class":62},[44,123724,6715],{"class":66},[44,123726,63],{"class":62},[44,123728,1869],{"class":58},[20,123730,330],{},[35,123732,123733],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123734,123735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123736,123737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123738,17137],{"class":95},[20,123740,123741,123742,123745,123746,123748],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123743,123744],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123747,57223],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123750,567,123751,4523,123753],{"id":65341},[15,123752,35995],{},[15,123754,52592],{},[20,123756,123757],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123759,123761],{"className":37,"code":123760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123762,123763,123775,123801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123764,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123766,34608],{"class":50},[44,123768,55],{"class":54},[44,123770,75],{"class":62},[44,123772,4216],{"class":66},[44,123774,3479],{"class":62},[44,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123778,154],{"class":153},[44,123780,157],{"class":58},[44,123782,34629],{"class":111},[44,123784,108],{"class":58},[44,123786,41186],{"class":111},[44,123788,157],{"class":58},[44,123790,63],{"class":62},[44,123792,395],{"class":66},[44,123794,63],{"class":62},[44,123796,83],{"class":58},[44,123798,1012],{"class":95},[44,123800,1869],{"class":58},[44,123802,123803,123805,123807,123809,123811,123813,123815,123817,123819,123821,123823,123825,123827,123829],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,123804,154],{"class":153},[44,123806,157],{"class":58},[44,123808,34629],{"class":111},[44,123810,108],{"class":58},[44,123812,41186],{"class":111},[44,123814,157],{"class":58},[44,123816,63],{"class":62},[44,123818,395],{"class":66},[44,123820,63],{"class":62},[44,123822,83],{"class":58},[44,123824,1012],{"class":95},[44,123826,83],{"class":58},[44,123828,4736],{"class":95},[44,123830,1869],{"class":58},[20,123832,330],{},[35,123834,123836],{"className":37,"code":123835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123837,123838,123842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123839,123840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123841,17137],{"class":95},[44,123843,123844],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123845,46846],{"class":95},[1960,123847,123849],{"id":123848},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123851,123852,123853,72],{},"In ",[15,123854,65209],{},[192,123856,123857,123865,123873],{},[195,123858,70900,123859,123861,123862],{},[15,123860,2173],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123863,123864],{},"\"n\"",[195,123866,123867,123870,123871,75974],{},[15,123868,123869],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123872,2173],{},[195,123874,123875,123870,123878,123880,123881],{},[15,123876,123877],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123879,2173],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123882,2254],{},[20,123884,123885],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123887,123889],{"className":37,"code":123888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123890,123891,123903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123892,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123894,34608],{"class":50},[44,123896,55],{"class":54},[44,123898,75],{"class":62},[44,123900,4216],{"class":66},[44,123902,3479],{"class":62},[44,123904,123905,123907,123909,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123906,154],{"class":153},[44,123908,157],{"class":58},[44,123910,34629],{"class":111},[44,123912,4027],{"class":58},[44,123914,2173],{"class":95},[44,123916,72],{"class":58},[44,123918,2254],{"class":95},[44,123920,4015],{"class":58},[20,123922,330],{},[35,123924,123925],{"className":37,"code":41395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123926,123927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123928,123929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123930,41395],{"class":50},[20,123932,123933],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,123935,123937],{"id":123936},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123939,123940,123748],{},[15,123941,57223],{},[20,123943,2224],{},[192,123945,123946,123954],{},[195,123947,123948,4523,123950,123953],{},[15,123949,18174],{},[15,123951,123952],{},"\"A\""," are different",[195,123955,123956,4523,123958,123953],{},[15,123957,64469],{},[15,123959,90353],{},[20,123961,223],{},[35,123963,123965],{"className":37,"code":123964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123966,123967,123980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123968,123969,123971,123973,123975,123978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123970,34608],{"class":50},[44,123972,55],{"class":54},[44,123974,75],{"class":62},[44,123976,123977],{"class":66},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123979,3479],{"class":62},[44,123981,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990,123992,123994,123996,123998,124000],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,123983,154],{"class":153},[44,123985,157],{"class":58},[44,123987,34629],{"class":111},[44,123989,108],{"class":58},[44,123991,41186],{"class":111},[44,123993,157],{"class":58},[44,123995,63],{"class":62},[44,123997,4207],{"class":66},[44,123999,63],{"class":62},[44,124001,1869],{"class":58},[20,124003,330],{},[35,124005,124006],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124007,124008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124009,124010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124011,46846],{"class":95},[20,124013,124014,124015,72],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[395,124016,124018],{"href":124017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124019,124020],{},"lower()",[35,124022,124024],{"className":37,"code":124023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124025,124026,124038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124027,124028,124030,124032,124034,124036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124029,34608],{"class":50},[44,124031,55],{"class":54},[44,124033,75],{"class":62},[44,124035,123977],{"class":66},[44,124037,3479],{"class":62},[44,124039,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124041,154],{"class":153},[44,124043,157],{"class":58},[44,124045,34629],{"class":111},[44,124047,108],{"class":58},[44,124049,8771],{"class":111},[44,124051,8768],{"class":58},[44,124053,41186],{"class":111},[44,124055,157],{"class":58},[44,124057,63],{"class":62},[44,124059,4207],{"class":66},[44,124061,63],{"class":62},[44,124063,1869],{"class":58},[20,124065,330],{},[35,124067,124068],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124069,124070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124071,124072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124073,46546],{"class":95},[30,124075,1803],{"id":1802},[20,124077,23165,124078,108],{},[15,124079,57223],{},[1960,124081,1821,124083,124085],{"id":124082},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124084,57223],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124087,124088],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,124090,124092],{"className":37,"code":124091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124093,124094,124107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124095,124096,124098,124100,124102,124105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124097,34608],{"class":50},[44,124099,55],{"class":54},[44,124101,75],{"class":62},[44,124103,124104],{"class":66},"Aardvark",[44,124106,3479],{"class":62},[44,124108,124109,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125,124127],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124110,154],{"class":153},[44,124112,157],{"class":58},[44,124114,34629],{"class":111},[44,124116,108],{"class":58},[44,124118,41186],{"class":111},[44,124120,157],{"class":58},[44,124122,63],{"class":62},[44,124124,395],{"class":66},[44,124126,63],{"class":62},[44,124128,1869],{"class":58},[20,124130,330],{},[35,124132,124133],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124134,124135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124136,124137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124138,17137],{"class":95},[20,124140,123741,124141,124143],{},[15,124142,123952],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124145,124146],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,124148,124150],{"className":37,"code":124149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124151,124152,124164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124153,124154,124156,124158,124160,124162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124155,34608],{"class":50},[44,124157,55],{"class":54},[44,124159,75],{"class":62},[44,124161,124104],{"class":66},[44,124163,3479],{"class":62},[44,124165,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174,124176,124178,124180,124182,124184,124186,124188],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124167,154],{"class":153},[44,124169,157],{"class":58},[44,124171,34629],{"class":111},[44,124173,108],{"class":58},[44,124175,8771],{"class":111},[44,124177,8768],{"class":58},[44,124179,41186],{"class":111},[44,124181,157],{"class":58},[44,124183,63],{"class":62},[44,124185,395],{"class":66},[44,124187,63],{"class":62},[44,124189,1869],{"class":58},[1960,124191,124193],{"id":124192},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124195,124196],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,124198,124200],{"className":37,"code":124199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124201,124202,124214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124203,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124205,34608],{"class":50},[44,124207,55],{"class":54},[44,124209,75],{"class":62},[44,124211,4216],{"class":66},[44,124213,3479],{"class":62},[44,124215,124216,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124217,154],{"class":153},[44,124219,157],{"class":58},[44,124221,34629],{"class":111},[44,124223,108],{"class":58},[44,124225,41186],{"class":111},[44,124227,157],{"class":58},[44,124229,395],{"class":111},[44,124231,1869],{"class":58},[20,124233,124234,124235,108],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124236,395],{},[20,124238,10918],{},[35,124240,124242],{"className":37,"code":124241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124243,124244,124256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124245,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124247,34608],{"class":50},[44,124249,55],{"class":54},[44,124251,75],{"class":62},[44,124253,4216],{"class":66},[44,124255,3479],{"class":62},[44,124257,124258,124260,124262,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272,124274,124276],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124259,154],{"class":153},[44,124261,157],{"class":58},[44,124263,34629],{"class":111},[44,124265,108],{"class":58},[44,124267,41186],{"class":111},[44,124269,157],{"class":58},[44,124271,63],{"class":62},[44,124273,395],{"class":66},[44,124275,63],{"class":62},[44,124277,1869],{"class":58},[1960,124279,37128,124281,8835,124283,2997,124286],{"id":124280},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124282,57223],{},[15,124284,124285],{},"find()",[15,124287,58901],{},[20,124289,172,124290,124292,124293,108],{},[15,124291,57223],{}," when you need the ",[3868,124294,124295],{},"number of matches",[20,124297,172,124298,124292,124303,124305],{},[395,124299,124301],{"href":124300},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124302,124285],{},[3868,124304,64881],{}," of the first match.",[20,124307,172,124308,124313],{},[395,124309,124311],{"href":124310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124312,58901],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1960,124315,124317],{"id":124316},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124319,124320,124322],{},[15,124321,57223],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124324,223],{},[35,124326,124328],{"className":37,"code":124327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124329,124330,124343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124333,34608],{"class":50},[44,124335,55],{"class":54},[44,124337,75],{"class":62},[44,124339,124340],{"class":66},"aaaa",[44,124342,3479],{"class":62},[44,124344,124345,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359,124362,124364],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124346,154],{"class":153},[44,124348,157],{"class":58},[44,124350,34629],{"class":111},[44,124352,108],{"class":58},[44,124354,41186],{"class":111},[44,124356,157],{"class":58},[44,124358,63],{"class":62},[44,124360,124361],{"class":66},"aa",[44,124363,63],{"class":62},[44,124365,1869],{"class":58},[20,124367,330],{},[35,124369,124370],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124371,124372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124373,124374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124375,17137],{"class":95},[20,124377,124378,124379,108],{},"It does not return ",[15,124380,2179],{},[20,124382,124383],{},"Why not?",[20,124385,124386],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[192,124388,124389,124398],{},[195,124390,124391,124394,124395],{},[15,124392,124393],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124396,124397],{},"0-1",[195,124399,124400,124394,124402],{},[15,124401,124393],{},[15,124403,124404],{},"2-3",[20,124406,124407,124408,108],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124409,124410],{},"1-2",[30,124412,1551,124413],{"id":58306},[15,124414,57223],{},[20,124416,172,124417,124419],{},[15,124418,57223],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124421,124422],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[192,124424,124425,124434,124444,124454],{},[195,124426,172,124427,124429,124430,124433],{},[15,124428,57223],{}," when you need ",[3868,124431,124432],{},"how many times"," something appears",[195,124435,172,124436,124429,124440,124443],{},[395,124437,124438],{"href":124300},[15,124439,124285],{},[3868,124441,124442],{},"where"," it appears",[195,124445,47740,124446,124450,124451],{},[395,124447,124448,101536],{"href":123545},[15,124449,4009],{}," when you only need to know ",[3868,124452,124453],{},"if it exists",[195,124455,172,124456,124462],{},[395,124457,124459],{"href":124458},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124460,124461],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124464,26011],{"id":26010},[20,124466,9005,124467,124469],{},[15,124468,57223],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124471,124473],{"className":37,"code":124472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124474,124475,124485,124499,124521,124547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124476,124477,124479,124481,124483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124478,154],{"class":153},[44,124480,157],{"class":58},[44,124482,34629],{"class":111},[44,124484,162],{"class":58},[44,124486,124487,124489,124491,124493,124495,124497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124488,154],{"class":153},[44,124490,157],{"class":58},[44,124492,1862],{"class":1861},[44,124494,157],{"class":58},[44,124496,34629],{"class":111},[44,124498,1869],{"class":58},[44,124500,124501,124503,124505,124507,124509,124511,124513,124515,124517,124519],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,124502,154],{"class":153},[44,124504,157],{"class":58},[44,124506,34629],{"class":111},[44,124508,108],{"class":58},[44,124510,41186],{"class":111},[44,124512,157],{"class":58},[44,124514,63],{"class":62},[44,124516,395],{"class":66},[44,124518,63],{"class":62},[44,124520,1869],{"class":58},[44,124522,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543,124545],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,124524,154],{"class":153},[44,124526,157],{"class":58},[44,124528,34629],{"class":111},[44,124530,108],{"class":58},[44,124532,8771],{"class":111},[44,124534,8768],{"class":58},[44,124536,41186],{"class":111},[44,124538,157],{"class":58},[44,124540,63],{"class":62},[44,124542,395],{"class":66},[44,124544,63],{"class":62},[44,124546,1869],{"class":58},[44,124548,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557,124559,124561,124563,124565,124567],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,124550,154],{"class":153},[44,124552,157],{"class":58},[44,124554,34629],{"class":111},[44,124556,108],{"class":58},[44,124558,41186],{"class":111},[44,124560,157],{"class":58},[44,124562,63],{"class":62},[44,124564,123383],{"class":66},[44,124566,63],{"class":62},[44,124568,1869],{"class":58},[20,124570,124571],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[192,124573,124574,124577,124582,124585],{},[195,124575,124576],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[195,124578,124579,124581],{},[15,124580,34629],{}," not being a string",[195,124583,124584],{},"counting the wrong substring",[195,124586,124587],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124589,58795],{},[192,124591,124592,124595,124598,124601],{},[195,124593,124594],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[195,124596,124597],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[195,124599,124600],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[195,124602,50422,124603,44558,124605,2997,124607,73246],{},[15,124604,57223],{},[15,124606,124285],{},[15,124608,4009],{},[30,124610,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,124612,124614,124615,124617],{"id":124613},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124616,57223],{}," change the original string?",[20,124619,124620],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1960,124622,14989,124624,124626],{"id":124623},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124625,57223],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124628,124629],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1960,124631,5273,124633,124635],{"id":124632},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124634,57223],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124637,214,124638,108],{},[15,124639,2237],{},[1960,124641,1984,124643,124645],{"id":124642},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124644,57223],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124647,124648],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1960,124650,1963,124652,124654],{"id":124651},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124653,57223],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124656,124657],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124659,2020],{"id":2019},[192,124661,124662,124669,124676,124683,124690],{},[195,124663,124664],{},[395,124665,124666],{"href":124300},[15,124667,124668],{},"Python string find() method",[195,124670,124671],{},[395,124672,124673],{"href":124310},[15,124674,124675],{},"Python string index() method",[195,124677,124678],{},[395,124679,124680],{"href":124017},[15,124681,124682],{},"Python string lower() method",[195,124684,124685],{},[395,124686,124687],{"href":123545},[15,124688,124689],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[195,124691,124692],{},[395,124693,124694],{"href":124458},[15,124695,124696],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2048,124698,124699],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":124701},[124702,124703,124705,124708,124709,124710,124711,124714,124715,124723,124724,124725,124737],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":123411,"depth":102,"text":124704},"What the count() method does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":124706},[124707],{"id":17474,"depth":150,"text":17475},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":123627,"depth":102,"text":123628},{"id":65341,"depth":102,"text":66124,"children":124712},[124713],{"id":123848,"depth":150,"text":123849},{"id":123936,"depth":102,"text":123937},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":124716},[124717,124719,124720,124722],{"id":124082,"depth":150,"text":124718},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124192,"depth":150,"text":124193},{"id":124280,"depth":150,"text":124721},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124316,"depth":150,"text":124317},{"id":58306,"depth":102,"text":58937},{"id":26010,"depth":102,"text":26011},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":124726},[124727,124729,124731,124733,124735],{"id":124613,"depth":150,"text":124728},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124623,"depth":150,"text":124730},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124632,"depth":150,"text":124732},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124642,"depth":150,"text":124734},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124651,"depth":150,"text":124736},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123284,"description":124738},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124745,"title":124746,"body":124747,"description":126332,"extension":2080,"meta":126333,"navigation":682,"path":126334,"seo":126335,"stem":126336,"__hash__":126337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124748,"toc":126305},[124749,124752,124755,124852,124861,124863,124882,124886,124889,124892,124905,124908,124937,124942,124947,125005,125007,125040,125046,125050,125053,125056,125085,125088,125115,125118,125121,125125,125128,125135,125198,125200,125218,125221,125225,125228,125231,125273,125276,125320,125323,125326,125330,125335,125338,125381,125383,125406,125409,125442,125445,125494,125504,125508,125511,125514,125543,125546,125557,125559,125618,125621,125625,125628,125631,125646,125655,125658,125692,125695,125722,125725,125732,125734,125737,125739,125742,125756,125765,125767,125794,125798,125801,125815,125818,125877,125881,125884,125911,125914,125941,125949,125952,126012,126014,126047,126051,126054,126073,126078,126127,126132,126134,126137,126196,126214,126216,126220,126228,126232,126235,126239,126245,126249,126259,126263,126266,126268,126302],[10,124750,124746],{"id":124751},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124753,124754],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124756,124758],{"className":37,"code":124757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124759,124760,124772,124784,124793,124807,124811,124821,124831,124842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124761,124762,124764,124766,124768,124770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124763,8007],{"class":50},[44,124765,55],{"class":54},[44,124767,75],{"class":62},[44,124769,5135],{"class":66},[44,124771,3479],{"class":62},[44,124773,124774,124776,124778,124780,124782],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124775,89942],{"class":50},[44,124777,55],{"class":54},[44,124779,352],{"class":62},[44,124781,34788],{"class":66},[44,124783,29766],{"class":62},[44,124785,124786,124789,124791],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,124787,124788],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124790,55],{"class":54},[44,124792,8012],{"class":62},[44,124794,124795,124797,124799,124801,124803,124805],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,124796,34608],{"class":50},[44,124798,55],{"class":54},[44,124800,48834],{"class":1861},[44,124802,157],{"class":58},[44,124804,50176],{"class":95},[44,124806,162],{"class":58},[44,124808,124809],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,124810,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,124812,124813,124815,124817,124819],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,124814,154],{"class":153},[44,124816,157],{"class":58},[44,124818,67],{"class":111},[44,124820,162],{"class":58},[44,124822,124823,124825,124827,124829],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,124824,154],{"class":153},[44,124826,157],{"class":58},[44,124828,89959],{"class":111},[44,124830,162],{"class":58},[44,124832,124833,124835,124837,124840],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,124834,154],{"class":153},[44,124836,157],{"class":58},[44,124838,124839],{"class":111},"empty",[44,124841,162],{"class":58},[44,124843,124844,124846,124848,124850],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,124845,154],{"class":153},[44,124847,157],{"class":58},[44,124849,34629],{"class":111},[44,124851,162],{"class":58},[20,124853,124854,124857,124858,124860],{},[3868,124855,124856],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124859,47613],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,124862,15248],{"id":15247},[192,124864,124865,124868,124871,124874,124879],{},[195,124866,124867],{},"What a string is in Python",[195,124869,124870],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[195,124872,124873],{},"How to create an empty string",[195,124875,124876,124877],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124878,47613],{},[195,124880,124881],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,124883,124885],{"id":124884},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124887,124888],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124890,124891],{},"Strings can contain:",[192,124893,124894,124897,124899,124902],{},[195,124895,124896],{},"Letters",[195,124898,56394],{},[195,124900,124901],{},"Spaces",[195,124903,124904],{},"Symbols",[20,124906,124907],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124909,124911],{"className":37,"code":124910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124912,124913,124921,124929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124914,124915,124917,124919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124916,63],{"class":43256},[44,124918,3971],{"class":43260},[44,124920,3479],{"class":43256},[44,124922,124923,124925,124927],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124924,63],{"class":43256},[44,124926,50176],{"class":43260},[44,124928,3479],{"class":43256},[44,124930,124931,124933,124935],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,124932,63],{"class":43256},[44,124934,89084],{"class":43260},[44,124936,3479],{"class":43256},[20,124938,21049,124939,124941],{},[15,124940,50226],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124943,124944,124945,72],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124946,2419],{},[35,124948,124950],{"className":37,"code":124949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124951,124952,124964,124973,124977,124991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124953,124954,124956,124958,124960,124962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124955,34608],{"class":50},[44,124957,55],{"class":54},[44,124959,75],{"class":62},[44,124961,50176],{"class":66},[44,124963,3479],{"class":62},[44,124965,124966,124968,124970],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,124967,2335],{"class":50},[44,124969,55],{"class":54},[44,124971,124972],{"class":95}," 123\n",[44,124974,124975],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,124976,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,124978,124979,124981,124983,124985,124987,124989],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,124980,154],{"class":153},[44,124982,157],{"class":58},[44,124984,1862],{"class":1861},[44,124986,157],{"class":58},[44,124988,34629],{"class":111},[44,124990,1869],{"class":58},[44,124992,124993,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,124994,154],{"class":153},[44,124996,157],{"class":58},[44,124998,1862],{"class":1861},[44,125000,157],{"class":58},[44,125002,2357],{"class":111},[44,125004,1869],{"class":58},[20,125006,330],{},[35,125008,125010],{"className":37,"code":125009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125011,125012,125026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125013,125014,125016,125018,125020,125022,125024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125015,3411],{"class":54},[44,125017,3414],{"class":2182},[44,125019,352],{"class":62},[44,125021,3564],{"class":66},[44,125023,343],{"class":62},[44,125025,3423],{"class":54},[44,125027,125028,125030,125032,125034,125036,125038],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125029,3411],{"class":54},[44,125031,3414],{"class":2182},[44,125033,352],{"class":62},[44,125035,2306],{"class":66},[44,125037,343],{"class":62},[44,125039,3423],{"class":54},[20,125041,125042,125043,108],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[395,125044,125045],{"href":50906},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,125047,125049],{"id":125048},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125051,125052],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125054,125055],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,125057,125059],{"className":37,"code":125058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125060,125061,125074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125062,125063,125066,125068,125070,125072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125064,125065],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,125067,55],{"class":54},[44,125069,352],{"class":62},[44,125071,3971],{"class":66},[44,125073,29766],{"class":62},[44,125075,125076,125078,125080,125083],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125077,154],{"class":153},[44,125079,157],{"class":58},[44,125081,125082],{"class":111},"greeting",[44,125084,162],{"class":58},[20,125086,125087],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,125089,125091],{"className":37,"code":125090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125092,125093,125105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125094,125095,125097,125099,125101,125103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125096,125065],{"class":50},[44,125098,55],{"class":54},[44,125100,75],{"class":62},[44,125102,3971],{"class":66},[44,125104,3479],{"class":62},[44,125106,125107,125109,125111,125113],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125108,154],{"class":153},[44,125110,157],{"class":58},[44,125112,125082],{"class":111},[44,125114,162],{"class":58},[20,125116,125117],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125119,125120],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,125122,125124],{"id":125123},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125126,125127],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125129,125130,125131,2997,125133,72],{},"Use either ",[15,125132,6401],{},[15,125134,3899],{},[35,125136,125138],{"className":37,"code":125137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125139,125140,125149,125158,125162,125173,125184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125141,125142,125145,125147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125143,125144],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,125146,55],{"class":54},[44,125148,8012],{"class":62},[44,125150,125151,125154,125156],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125152,125153],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,125155,55],{"class":54},[44,125157,47425],{"class":62},[44,125159,125160],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125161,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125163,125164,125166,125168,125171],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125165,154],{"class":153},[44,125167,157],{"class":58},[44,125169,125170],{"class":111},"empty1",[44,125172,162],{"class":58},[44,125174,125175,125177,125179,125182],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,125176,154],{"class":153},[44,125178,157],{"class":58},[44,125180,125181],{"class":111},"empty2",[44,125183,162],{"class":58},[44,125185,125186,125188,125190,125192,125194,125196],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,125187,154],{"class":153},[44,125189,157],{"class":58},[44,125191,1862],{"class":1861},[44,125193,157],{"class":58},[44,125195,125170],{"class":111},[44,125197,1869],{"class":58},[20,125199,330],{},[35,125201,125202],{"className":37,"code":45699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125203,125204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125205,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125207,3411],{"class":54},[44,125209,3414],{"class":2182},[44,125211,352],{"class":62},[44,125213,3564],{"class":66},[44,125215,343],{"class":62},[44,125217,3423],{"class":54},[20,125219,125220],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,125222,125224],{"id":125223},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125226,125227],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125229,125230],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,125232,125234],{"className":37,"code":125233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125235,125236,125247,125252,125259,125263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125237,125238,125240,125242,125245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125239,89942],{"class":50},[44,125241,55],{"class":54},[44,125243,125244],{"class":62}," \"\"\"",[44,125246,88884],{"class":66},[44,125248,125249],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125250,125251],{"class":66},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,125253,125254,125257],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125255,125256],{"class":66},"Have a nice day",[44,125258,43264],{"class":62},[44,125260,125261],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125262,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125264,125265,125267,125269,125271],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,125266,154],{"class":153},[44,125268,157],{"class":58},[44,125270,89959],{"class":111},[44,125272,162],{"class":58},[20,125274,125275],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,125277,125279],{"className":37,"code":125278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125280,125281,125293,125298,125306,125310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125282,125283,125285,125287,125290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125284,89942],{"class":50},[44,125286,55],{"class":54},[44,125288,125289],{"class":62}," '''",[44,125291,125292],{"class":66},"Line 1\n",[44,125294,125295],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125296,125297],{"class":66},"Line 2\n",[44,125299,125300,125303],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125301,125302],{"class":66},"Line 3",[44,125304,125305],{"class":62},"'''\n",[44,125307,125308],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125309,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125311,125312,125314,125316,125318],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,125313,154],{"class":153},[44,125315,157],{"class":58},[44,125317,89959],{"class":111},[44,125319,162],{"class":58},[20,125321,125322],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125324,125325],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125327,125329],{"id":125328},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125331,22,125332,125334],{},[15,125333,47613],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125336,125337],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125339,125341],{"className":37,"code":125340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125342,125343,125357,125367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125344,125345,125347,125349,125351,125353,125355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125346,34608],{"class":50},[44,125348,55],{"class":54},[44,125350,48834],{"class":1861},[44,125352,157],{"class":58},[44,125354,46455],{"class":95},[44,125356,162],{"class":58},[44,125358,125359,125361,125363,125365],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125360,154],{"class":153},[44,125362,157],{"class":58},[44,125364,34629],{"class":111},[44,125366,162],{"class":58},[44,125368,125369,125371,125373,125375,125377,125379],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125370,154],{"class":153},[44,125372,157],{"class":58},[44,125374,1862],{"class":1861},[44,125376,157],{"class":58},[44,125378,34629],{"class":111},[44,125380,1869],{"class":58},[20,125382,330],{},[35,125384,125386],{"className":37,"code":125385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125387,125388,125392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125389,125390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125391,46541],{"class":95},[44,125393,125394,125396,125398,125400,125402,125404],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125395,3411],{"class":54},[44,125397,3414],{"class":2182},[44,125399,352],{"class":62},[44,125401,3564],{"class":66},[44,125403,343],{"class":62},[44,125405,3423],{"class":54},[20,125407,125408],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125410,125412],{"className":37,"code":125411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125413,125414,125428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125415,125416,125418,125420,125422,125424,125426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125417,154],{"class":153},[44,125419,157],{"class":58},[44,125421,3564],{"class":1861},[44,125423,157],{"class":58},[44,125425,3726],{"class":1400},[44,125427,1869],{"class":58},[44,125429,125430,125432,125434,125436,125438,125440],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125431,154],{"class":153},[44,125433,157],{"class":58},[44,125435,3564],{"class":1861},[44,125437,157],{"class":58},[44,125439,40069],{"class":95},[44,125441,1869],{"class":58},[20,125443,125444],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125446,125448],{"className":37,"code":125447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125449,125450,125458,125480,125484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125451,125452,125454,125456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125453,21699],{"class":50},[44,125455,55],{"class":54},[44,125457,45154],{"class":95},[44,125459,125460,125462,125464,125466,125468,125470,125472,125474,125476,125478],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125461,89942],{"class":50},[44,125463,55],{"class":54},[44,125465,75],{"class":62},[44,125467,89360],{"class":66},[44,125469,63],{"class":62},[44,125471,2571],{"class":54},[44,125473,48834],{"class":1861},[44,125475,157],{"class":58},[44,125477,88],{"class":111},[44,125479,162],{"class":58},[44,125481,125482],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125483,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125485,125486,125488,125490,125492],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125487,154],{"class":153},[44,125489,157],{"class":58},[44,125491,89959],{"class":111},[44,125493,162],{"class":58},[20,125495,125496,125497,2997,125501,108],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[395,125498,3697,125499,3630],{"href":42102},[15,125500,47613],{},[395,125502,125503],{"href":123215},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125505,125507],{"id":125506},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125509,125510],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125512,125513],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125515,125517],{"className":37,"code":125516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125518,125519,125531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125520,125521,125523,125525,125527,125529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125522,2673],{"class":50},[44,125524,55],{"class":54},[44,125526,352],{"class":62},[44,125528,7428],{"class":66},[44,125530,29766],{"class":62},[44,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125534,2701],{"class":50},[44,125536,55],{"class":54},[44,125538,75],{"class":62},[44,125540,7428],{"class":66},[44,125542,3479],{"class":62},[20,125544,125545],{},"A common rule is:",[192,125547,125548,125551,125554],{},[195,125549,125550],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[195,125552,125553],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[195,125555,125556],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125558,223],{},[35,125560,125562],{"className":37,"code":125561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125563,125564,125578,125592,125596,125607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125565,125566,125569,125571,125573,125576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125567,125568],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125570,55],{"class":54},[44,125572,75],{"class":62},[44,125574,125575],{"class":66},"It's working",[44,125577,3479],{"class":62},[44,125579,125580,125583,125585,125587,125590],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125581,125582],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125584,55],{"class":54},[44,125586,352],{"class":62},[44,125588,125589],{"class":66},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125591,29766],{"class":62},[44,125593,125594],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125595,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125597,125598,125600,125602,125605],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125599,154],{"class":153},[44,125601,157],{"class":58},[44,125603,125604],{"class":111},"text1",[44,125606,162],{"class":58},[44,125608,125609,125611,125613,125616],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,125610,154],{"class":153},[44,125612,157],{"class":58},[44,125614,125615],{"class":111},"text2",[44,125617,162],{"class":58},[20,125619,125620],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125622,125624],{"id":125623},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125626,125627],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125629,125630],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125632,125634],{"className":37,"code":125633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125635,125636,125641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125637,125638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125639,125640],{"class":168},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125642,125643],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125644,125645],{"class":168},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125647,125648,125649,35251,125651,125654],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125650,343],{},[15,125652,125653],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125656,125657],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125659,125661],{"className":37,"code":125660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125662,125663,125682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125664,125665,125667,125669,125671,125674,125677,125680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125666,34608],{"class":50},[44,125668,55],{"class":54},[44,125670,352],{"class":62},[44,125672,125673],{"class":66},"It",[44,125675,125676],{"class":34373},"\\'",[44,125678,125679],{"class":66},"s working",[44,125681,29766],{"class":62},[44,125683,125684,125686,125688,125690],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125685,154],{"class":153},[44,125687,157],{"class":58},[44,125689,34629],{"class":111},[44,125691,162],{"class":58},[20,125693,125694],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125696,125698],{"className":37,"code":125697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125699,125700,125712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125701,125702,125704,125706,125708,125710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125703,34608],{"class":50},[44,125705,55],{"class":54},[44,125707,75],{"class":62},[44,125709,125575],{"class":66},[44,125711,3479],{"class":62},[44,125713,125714,125716,125718,125720],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125715,154],{"class":153},[44,125717,157],{"class":58},[44,125719,34629],{"class":111},[44,125721,162],{"class":58},[20,125723,125724],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125726,125727,125728,108],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[395,125729,125731],{"href":125730},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125733,1803],{"id":1802},[20,125735,125736],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1960,125738,90149],{"id":90148},[20,125740,125741],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125743,125745],{"className":37,"code":125744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125746,125747,125751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125748,125749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125750,125640],{"class":168},[44,125752,125753],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125754,125755],{"class":168},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125757,125758,125759,8732,125762,125764],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125760,125761],{},"NameError",[15,125763,5135],{}," is not defined.",[20,125766,10918],{},[35,125768,125770],{"className":37,"code":125769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125771,125772,125784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125773,125774,125776,125778,125780,125782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125775,8007],{"class":50},[44,125777,55],{"class":54},[44,125779,75],{"class":62},[44,125781,5135],{"class":66},[44,125783,3479],{"class":62},[44,125785,125786,125788,125790,125792],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125787,154],{"class":153},[44,125789,157],{"class":58},[44,125791,67],{"class":111},[44,125793,162],{"class":58},[1960,125795,125797],{"id":125796},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125799,125800],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125802,125804],{"className":37,"code":125803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125805,125806,125810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125807,125808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125809,125640],{"class":168},[44,125811,125812],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125813,125814],{"class":168},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125816,125817],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125819,125821],{"className":37,"code":125820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125822,125823,125840,125853,125857,125867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125824,125825,125827,125829,125831,125833,125835,125838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125826,125568],{"class":50},[44,125828,55],{"class":54},[44,125830,352],{"class":62},[44,125832,125673],{"class":66},[44,125834,125676],{"class":34373},[44,125836,125837],{"class":66},"s good",[44,125839,29766],{"class":62},[44,125841,125842,125844,125846,125848,125851],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125843,125582],{"class":50},[44,125845,55],{"class":54},[44,125847,75],{"class":62},[44,125849,125850],{"class":66},"It's good",[44,125852,3479],{"class":62},[44,125854,125855],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125856,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125858,125859,125861,125863,125865],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125860,154],{"class":153},[44,125862,157],{"class":58},[44,125864,125604],{"class":111},[44,125866,162],{"class":58},[44,125868,125869,125871,125873,125875],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,125870,154],{"class":153},[44,125872,157],{"class":58},[44,125874,125615],{"class":111},[44,125876,162],{"class":58},[1960,125878,125880],{"id":125879},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125882,125883],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125885,125887],{"className":37,"code":125886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125888,125889,125901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125890,125891,125893,125895,125897,125899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125892,34608],{"class":50},[44,125894,55],{"class":54},[44,125896,125244],{"class":62},[44,125898,3971],{"class":66},[44,125900,43264],{"class":62},[44,125902,125903,125905,125907,125909],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125904,154],{"class":153},[44,125906,157],{"class":58},[44,125908,34629],{"class":111},[44,125910,162],{"class":58},[20,125912,125913],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125915,125917],{"className":37,"code":125916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125918,125919,125931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125920,125921,125923,125925,125927,125929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125922,34608],{"class":50},[44,125924,55],{"class":54},[44,125926,75],{"class":62},[44,125928,3971],{"class":66},[44,125930,3479],{"class":62},[44,125932,125933,125935,125937,125939],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125934,154],{"class":153},[44,125936,157],{"class":58},[44,125938,34629],{"class":111},[44,125940,162],{"class":58},[1960,125942,4710,125944,4523,125946,125948],{"id":125943},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125945,50176],{},[15,125947,50226],{}," are the same type",[20,125950,125951],{},"They are different:",[35,125953,125955],{"className":37,"code":125954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125956,125957,125966,125979,125983,125997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125958,125959,125962,125964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125960,125961],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125963,55],{"class":54},[44,125965,124972],{"class":95},[44,125967,125968,125971,125973,125975,125977],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,125969,125970],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125972,55],{"class":54},[44,125974,75],{"class":62},[44,125976,50176],{"class":66},[44,125978,3479],{"class":62},[44,125980,125981],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,125982,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,125984,125985,125987,125989,125991,125993,125995],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,125986,154],{"class":153},[44,125988,157],{"class":58},[44,125990,1862],{"class":1861},[44,125992,157],{"class":58},[44,125994,84705],{"class":111},[44,125996,1869],{"class":58},[44,125998,125999,126001,126003,126005,126007,126010],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,126000,154],{"class":153},[44,126002,157],{"class":58},[44,126004,1862],{"class":1861},[44,126006,157],{"class":58},[44,126008,126009],{"class":111},"value2",[44,126011,1869],{"class":58},[20,126013,330],{},[35,126015,126017],{"className":37,"code":126016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126018,126019,126033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027,126029,126031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126022,3411],{"class":54},[44,126024,3414],{"class":2182},[44,126026,352],{"class":62},[44,126028,2306],{"class":66},[44,126030,343],{"class":62},[44,126032,3423],{"class":54},[44,126034,126035,126037,126039,126041,126043,126045],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126036,3411],{"class":54},[44,126038,3414],{"class":2182},[44,126040,352],{"class":62},[44,126042,3564],{"class":66},[44,126044,343],{"class":62},[44,126046,3423],{"class":54},[1960,126048,126050],{"id":126049},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126052,126053],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,126055,126057],{"className":37,"code":126056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126058,126059,126063,126068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126060,126061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126062,125640],{"class":168},[44,126064,126065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126066,126067],{"class":168},"# age = 10\n",[44,126069,126070],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,126071,126072],{"class":168},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126074,126075,126076,72],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126077,47613],{},[35,126079,126081],{"className":37,"code":126080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126082,126083,126091,126113,126117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126084,126085,126087,126089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126086,21699],{"class":50},[44,126088,55],{"class":54},[44,126090,2706],{"class":95},[44,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126107,126109,126111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126094,89942],{"class":50},[44,126096,55],{"class":54},[44,126098,75],{"class":62},[44,126100,89360],{"class":66},[44,126102,63],{"class":62},[44,126104,2571],{"class":54},[44,126106,48834],{"class":1861},[44,126108,157],{"class":58},[44,126110,88],{"class":111},[44,126112,162],{"class":58},[44,126114,126115],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,126116,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,126118,126119,126121,126123,126125],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,126120,154],{"class":153},[44,126122,157],{"class":58},[44,126124,89959],{"class":111},[44,126126,162],{"class":58},[20,126128,126129,126130,108],{},"For this specific error, see ",[395,126131,90341],{"href":90340},[1960,126133,60644],{"id":60643},[20,126135,126136],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,126138,126140],{"className":37,"code":126139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126141,126142,126154,126158,126168,126182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126143,126144,126146,126148,126150,126152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126145,34608],{"class":50},[44,126147,55],{"class":54},[44,126149,75],{"class":62},[44,126151,3971],{"class":66},[44,126153,3479],{"class":62},[44,126155,126156],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126157,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,126159,126160,126162,126164,126166],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,126161,154],{"class":153},[44,126163,157],{"class":58},[44,126165,34629],{"class":111},[44,126167,162],{"class":58},[44,126169,126170,126172,126174,126176,126178,126180],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,126171,154],{"class":153},[44,126173,157],{"class":58},[44,126175,1862],{"class":1861},[44,126177,157],{"class":58},[44,126179,34629],{"class":111},[44,126181,1869],{"class":58},[44,126183,126184,126186,126188,126190,126192,126194],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,126185,154],{"class":153},[44,126187,157],{"class":58},[44,126189,41706],{"class":153},[44,126191,157],{"class":58},[44,126193,34629],{"class":111},[44,126195,1869],{"class":58},[192,126197,126198,126203,126208],{},[195,126199,126200,46207],{},[15,126201,126202],{},"print(text)",[195,126204,126205,46212],{},[15,126206,126207],{},"print(type(text))",[195,126209,126210,126213],{},[15,126211,126212],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,126215,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,126217,126219],{"id":126218},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126221,126222,126223,2997,126226,108],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126224,126225],{},"'hello'",[15,126227,64469],{},[1960,126229,126231],{"id":126230},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126233,126234],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1960,126236,126238],{"id":126237},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126240,172,126241,2997,126243,108],{},[15,126242,6401],{},[15,126244,3899],{},[1960,126246,126248],{"id":126247},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126250,172,126251,126253,126254,126256,126257,108],{},[15,126252,47613],{},", like ",[15,126255,80315],{},", which returns ",[15,126258,42053],{},[1960,126260,126262],{"id":126261},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126264,126265],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,126267,2020],{"id":2019},[192,126269,126270,126274,126280,126285,126294,126298],{},[195,126271,126272],{},[395,126273,125045],{"href":50906},[195,126275,126276],{},[395,126277,3697,126278,3630],{"href":42102},[15,126279,47613],{},[195,126281,126282],{},[395,126283,126284],{"href":123215},"How to convert int to string in Python",[195,126286,126287],{},[395,126288,126290,126291,10852],{"href":126289},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126292,126293],{},"format()",[195,126295,126296],{},[395,126297,125731],{"href":125730},[195,126299,126300],{},[395,126301,90341],{"href":90340},[2048,126303,126304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":126306},[126307,126308,126309,126310,126311,126312,126313,126314,126315,126324,126331],{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":124884,"depth":102,"text":124885},{"id":125048,"depth":102,"text":125049},{"id":125123,"depth":102,"text":125124},{"id":125223,"depth":102,"text":125224},{"id":125328,"depth":102,"text":125329},{"id":125506,"depth":102,"text":125507},{"id":125623,"depth":102,"text":125624},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":126316},[126317,126318,126319,126320,126322,126323],{"id":90148,"depth":150,"text":90149},{"id":125796,"depth":150,"text":125797},{"id":125879,"depth":150,"text":125880},{"id":125943,"depth":150,"text":126321},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126049,"depth":150,"text":126050},{"id":60643,"depth":150,"text":60644},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":126325},[126326,126327,126328,126329,126330],{"id":126218,"depth":150,"text":126219},{"id":126230,"depth":150,"text":126231},{"id":126237,"depth":150,"text":126238},{"id":126247,"depth":150,"text":126248},{"id":126261,"depth":150,"text":126262},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124746,"description":126332},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126339,"title":126340,"body":126341,"description":128255,"extension":2080,"meta":128256,"navigation":682,"path":128257,"seo":128258,"stem":128259,"__hash__":128260},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126342,"toc":128216},[126343,126349,126354,126362,126364,126431,126433,126445,126454,126459,126463,126480,126482,126547,126549,126561,126566,126568,126596,126617,126620,126659,126661,126669,126673,126677,126681,126689,126692,126733,126735,126743,126746,126803,126805,126813,126817,126822,126866,126868,126876,126885,126889,126894,126942,126944,126952,126958,126960,126964,126976,126981,127060,127062,127082,127086,127090,127130,127132,127140,127144,127187,127189,127197,127201,127241,127243,127251,127255,127311,127313,127321,127327,127329,127333,127343,127410,127412,127425,127432,127475,127477,127485,127489,127492,127548,127550,127558,127561,127563,127640,127642,127650,127659,127661,127665,127669,127671,127693,127696,127743,127747,127786,127788,127796,127798,127840,127847,127852,127914,127916,127928,127934,127939,127988,127990,128009,128015,128017,128036,128038,128129,128131,128137,128144,128150,128156,128161,128170,128177,128185,128187,128213],[10,126344,123290,126346,18],{"id":126345},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126347,126348],{},"endswith()",[20,126350,123295,126351,126353],{},[15,126352,126348],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126355,126356,126357,2997,126359,126361],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126358,3726],{},[15,126360,3799],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126363,33],{"id":32},[35,126365,126367],{"className":37,"code":126366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126368,126369,126383,126408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126370,126371,126374,126376,126378,126381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126372,126373],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126375,55],{"class":54},[44,126377,75],{"class":62},[44,126379,126380],{"class":66},"report.csv",[44,126382,3479],{"class":62},[44,126384,126385,126387,126389,126392,126394,126397,126399,126401,126404,126406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126386,154],{"class":153},[44,126388,157],{"class":58},[44,126390,126391],{"class":111},"filename",[44,126393,108],{"class":58},[44,126395,126396],{"class":111},"endswith",[44,126398,157],{"class":58},[44,126400,63],{"class":62},[44,126402,126403],{"class":66},".csv",[44,126405,63],{"class":62},[44,126407,1869],{"class":58},[44,126409,126410,126412,126414,126416,126418,126420,126422,126424,126427,126429],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,126411,154],{"class":153},[44,126413,157],{"class":58},[44,126415,126391],{"class":111},[44,126417,108],{"class":58},[44,126419,126396],{"class":111},[44,126421,157],{"class":58},[44,126423,63],{"class":62},[44,126425,126426],{"class":66},".txt",[44,126428,63],{"class":62},[44,126430,1869],{"class":58},[20,126432,330],{},[35,126434,126435],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126436,126437,126441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126438,126439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126440,4107],{"class":1400},[44,126442,126443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126444,4168],{"class":1400},[20,126446,172,126447,5499,126449,2997,126451,126453],{},[15,126448,126348],{},[15,126450,3726],{},[15,126452,3799],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126455,179,126457,182],{"id":126456},"what-endswith-does",[15,126458,126348],{},[20,126460,126461,72],{},[15,126462,126348],{},[192,126464,126465,126468,126474,126477],{},[195,126466,126467],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[195,126469,11530,126470,2997,126472],{},[15,126471,3726],{},[15,126473,3799],{},[195,126475,126476],{},"Does not change the original string",[195,126478,126479],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126481,223],{},[35,126483,126485],{"className":37,"code":126484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126486,126487,126499,126503,126525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126488,126489,126491,126493,126495,126497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126490,34608],{"class":50},[44,126492,55],{"class":54},[44,126494,75],{"class":62},[44,126496,60340],{"class":66},[44,126498,3479],{"class":62},[44,126500,126501],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126502,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,126504,126505,126507,126509,126511,126513,126515,126517,126519,126521,126523],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,126506,154],{"class":153},[44,126508,157],{"class":58},[44,126510,34629],{"class":111},[44,126512,108],{"class":58},[44,126514,126396],{"class":111},[44,126516,157],{"class":58},[44,126518,63],{"class":62},[44,126520,60525],{"class":66},[44,126522,63],{"class":62},[44,126524,1869],{"class":58},[44,126526,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537,126539,126541,126543,126545],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,126528,154],{"class":153},[44,126530,157],{"class":58},[44,126532,34629],{"class":111},[44,126534,108],{"class":58},[44,126536,126396],{"class":111},[44,126538,157],{"class":58},[44,126540,63],{"class":62},[44,126542,3971],{"class":66},[44,126544,63],{"class":62},[44,126546,1869],{"class":58},[20,126548,330],{},[35,126550,126551],{"className":37,"code":44102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126552,126553,126557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126554,126555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126556,4107],{"class":1400},[44,126558,126559],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126560,4168],{"class":1400},[20,126562,126563,126564,108],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[395,126565,125045],{"href":50906},[30,126567,402],{"id":401},[35,126569,126571],{"className":37,"code":126570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126572,126573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126574,126575,126577,126579,126581,126583,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126576,61108],{"class":50},[44,126578,108],{"class":58},[44,126580,126396],{"class":111},[44,126582,157],{"class":58},[44,126584,126585],{"class":111},"suffix",[44,126587,83],{"class":58},[44,126589,35974],{"class":111},[44,126591,83],{"class":58},[44,126593,64975],{"class":111},[44,126595,162],{"class":58},[192,126597,126598,126603,126610],{},[195,126599,126600,126602],{},[15,126601,126585],{}," is required",[195,126604,126605,4523,126607,126609],{},[15,126606,35995],{},[15,126608,52592],{}," are optional",[195,126611,126612,4523,126614,126616],{},[15,126613,35995],{},[15,126615,52592],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126618,126619],{},"Basic example:",[35,126621,126623],{"className":37,"code":126622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126624,126625,126637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126626,126627,126629,126631,126633,126635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126628,126373],{"class":50},[44,126630,55],{"class":54},[44,126632,75],{"class":62},[44,126634,86830],{"class":66},[44,126636,3479],{"class":62},[44,126638,126639,126641,126643,126645,126647,126649,126651,126653,126655,126657],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126640,154],{"class":153},[44,126642,157],{"class":58},[44,126644,126391],{"class":111},[44,126646,108],{"class":58},[44,126648,126396],{"class":111},[44,126650,157],{"class":58},[44,126652,63],{"class":62},[44,126654,126426],{"class":66},[44,126656,63],{"class":62},[44,126658,1869],{"class":58},[20,126660,330],{},[35,126662,126663],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126664,126665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126666,126667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126668,4107],{"class":1400},[30,126670,126672],{"id":126671},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1960,126674,126675],{"id":126585},[15,126676,126585],{},[20,126678,126679,431],{},[15,126680,126585],{},[192,126682,126683,126686],{},[195,126684,126685],{},"A single string",[195,126687,126688],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126690,126691],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126693,126695],{"className":37,"code":126694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126696,126697,126710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126700,8007],{"class":50},[44,126702,55],{"class":54},[44,126704,75],{"class":62},[44,126706,126707],{"class":66},"image.png",[44,126709,3479],{"class":62},[44,126711,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126729,126731],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126713,154],{"class":153},[44,126715,157],{"class":58},[44,126717,67],{"class":111},[44,126719,108],{"class":58},[44,126721,126396],{"class":111},[44,126723,157],{"class":58},[44,126725,63],{"class":62},[44,126727,126728],{"class":66},".png",[44,126730,63],{"class":62},[44,126732,1869],{"class":58},[20,126734,330],{},[35,126736,126737],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126738,126739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126740,126741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126742,4107],{"class":1400},[20,126744,126745],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126747,126749],{"className":37,"code":126748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126750,126751,126763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126752,126753,126755,126757,126759,126761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126754,8007],{"class":50},[44,126756,55],{"class":54},[44,126758,75],{"class":62},[44,126760,126707],{"class":66},[44,126762,3479],{"class":62},[44,126764,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126779,126782,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126799,126801],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126766,154],{"class":153},[44,126768,157],{"class":58},[44,126770,67],{"class":111},[44,126772,108],{"class":58},[44,126774,126396],{"class":111},[44,126776,5640],{"class":58},[44,126778,63],{"class":62},[44,126780,126781],{"class":66},".jpg",[44,126783,63],{"class":62},[44,126785,83],{"class":58},[44,126787,75],{"class":62},[44,126789,126728],{"class":66},[44,126791,63],{"class":62},[44,126793,83],{"class":58},[44,126795,75],{"class":62},[44,126797,126798],{"class":66},".gif",[44,126800,63],{"class":62},[44,126802,3031],{"class":58},[20,126804,330],{},[35,126806,126807],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126808,126809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126810,126811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126812,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,126814,126815],{"id":35995},[15,126816,35995],{},[20,126818,126819,126821],{},[15,126820,35995],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126823,126825],{"className":37,"code":126824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126826,126827,126840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126828,126829,126831,126833,126835,126838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126830,34608],{"class":50},[44,126832,55],{"class":54},[44,126834,75],{"class":62},[44,126836,126837],{"class":66},"my_report.csv",[44,126839,3479],{"class":62},[44,126841,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126843,154],{"class":153},[44,126845,157],{"class":58},[44,126847,34629],{"class":111},[44,126849,108],{"class":58},[44,126851,126396],{"class":111},[44,126853,157],{"class":58},[44,126855,63],{"class":62},[44,126857,126403],{"class":66},[44,126859,63],{"class":62},[44,126861,83],{"class":58},[44,126863,1017],{"class":95},[44,126865,1869],{"class":58},[20,126867,330],{},[35,126869,126870],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126871,126872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126873,126874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126875,4107],{"class":1400},[20,126877,126878,126879,126881,126882,108],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126880,2179],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126883,126884],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1960,126886,126887],{"id":52592},[15,126888,52592],{},[20,126890,126891,126893],{},[15,126892,52592],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126895,126897],{"className":37,"code":126896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126898,126899,126912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126900,126901,126903,126905,126907,126910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126902,34608],{"class":50},[44,126904,55],{"class":54},[44,126906,75],{"class":62},[44,126908,126909],{"class":66},"report.csv backup",[44,126911,3479],{"class":62},[44,126913,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936,126938,126940],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,126915,154],{"class":153},[44,126917,157],{"class":58},[44,126919,34629],{"class":111},[44,126921,108],{"class":58},[44,126923,126396],{"class":111},[44,126925,157],{"class":58},[44,126927,63],{"class":62},[44,126929,126403],{"class":66},[44,126931,63],{"class":62},[44,126933,83],{"class":58},[44,126935,3959],{"class":95},[44,126937,83],{"class":58},[44,126939,528],{"class":95},[44,126941,1869],{"class":58},[20,126943,330],{},[35,126945,126946],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126947,126948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126949,126950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126951,4107],{"class":1400},[20,126953,126954,126955,126957],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126956,126884],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,126959,1293],{"id":1292},[20,126961,126962,25577],{},[15,126963,126348],{},[192,126965,126966,126971],{},[195,126967,126968,126970],{},[15,126969,3726],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[195,126972,126973,126975],{},[15,126974,3799],{}," if it does not",[20,126977,126978,126979,7303],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126980,7128],{},[35,126982,126984],{"className":37,"code":126983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126985,126986,126999,127003,127024,127039,127045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126987,126988,126990,126992,126994,126997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126989,126373],{"class":50},[44,126991,55],{"class":54},[44,126993,75],{"class":62},[44,126995,126996],{"class":66},"data.csv",[44,126998,3479],{"class":62},[44,127000,127001],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127002,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,127004,127005,127007,127010,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020,127022],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,127006,7128],{"class":4002},[44,127008,127009],{"class":50}," filename",[44,127011,108],{"class":58},[44,127013,126396],{"class":111},[44,127015,157],{"class":58},[44,127017,63],{"class":62},[44,127019,126403],{"class":66},[44,127021,63],{"class":62},[44,127023,8473],{"class":58},[44,127025,127026,127028,127030,127032,127035,127037],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,127027,8200],{"class":153},[44,127029,157],{"class":58},[44,127031,63],{"class":62},[44,127033,127034],{"class":66},"This is a CSV file.",[44,127036,63],{"class":62},[44,127038,162],{"class":58},[44,127040,127041,127043],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,127042,27502],{"class":4002},[44,127044,6523],{"class":58},[44,127046,127047,127049,127051,127053,127056,127058],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,127048,8200],{"class":153},[44,127050,157],{"class":58},[44,127052,63],{"class":62},[44,127054,127055],{"class":66},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,127057,63],{"class":62},[44,127059,162],{"class":58},[20,127061,330],{},[35,127063,127065],{"className":37,"code":127064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127066,127067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127068,127069,127071,127073,127075,127078,127080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127070,49809],{"class":50},[44,127072,12295],{"class":54},[44,127074,44473],{"class":50},[44,127076,127077],{"class":34373},"CSV",[44,127079,86571],{"class":86570},[44,127081,122322],{"class":58},[30,127083,127085],{"id":127084},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1960,127087,127089],{"id":127088},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,127091,127093],{"className":37,"code":127092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127094,127095,127108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127096,127097,127099,127101,127103,127106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127098,126373],{"class":50},[44,127100,55],{"class":54},[44,127102,75],{"class":62},[44,127104,127105],{"class":66},"sales.csv",[44,127107,3479],{"class":62},[44,127109,127110,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120,127122,127124,127126,127128],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127111,154],{"class":153},[44,127113,157],{"class":58},[44,127115,126391],{"class":111},[44,127117,108],{"class":58},[44,127119,126396],{"class":111},[44,127121,157],{"class":58},[44,127123,63],{"class":62},[44,127125,126403],{"class":66},[44,127127,63],{"class":62},[44,127129,1869],{"class":58},[20,127131,330],{},[35,127133,127134],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127135,127136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127137,127138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127139,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,127141,127143],{"id":127142},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,127145,127147],{"className":37,"code":127146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127148,127149,127163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127150,127151,127154,127156,127158,127161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127152,127153],{"class":50},"url ",[44,127155,55],{"class":54},[44,127157,75],{"class":62},[44,127159,127160],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,127162,3479],{"class":62},[44,127164,127165,127167,127169,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127183,127185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127166,154],{"class":153},[44,127168,157],{"class":58},[44,127170,127171],{"class":111},"url",[44,127173,108],{"class":58},[44,127175,126396],{"class":111},[44,127177,157],{"class":58},[44,127179,63],{"class":62},[44,127181,127182],{"class":66},"\u002F",[44,127184,63],{"class":62},[44,127186,1869],{"class":58},[20,127188,330],{},[35,127190,127191],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127192,127193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127194,127195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127196,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,127198,127200],{"id":127199},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,127202,127204],{"className":37,"code":127203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127205,127206,127219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127207,127208,127210,127212,127214,127217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127209,89942],{"class":50},[44,127211,55],{"class":54},[44,127213,75],{"class":62},[44,127215,127216],{"class":66},"Hello!",[44,127218,3479],{"class":62},[44,127220,127221,127223,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127222,154],{"class":153},[44,127224,157],{"class":58},[44,127226,89959],{"class":111},[44,127228,108],{"class":58},[44,127230,126396],{"class":111},[44,127232,157],{"class":58},[44,127234,63],{"class":62},[44,127236,89783],{"class":66},[44,127238,63],{"class":62},[44,127240,1869],{"class":58},[20,127242,330],{},[35,127244,127245],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127246,127247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127248,127249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127250,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,127252,127254],{"id":127253},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,127256,127258],{"className":37,"code":127257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127259,127260,127273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127261,127262,127264,127266,127268,127271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127263,126373],{"class":50},[44,127265,55],{"class":54},[44,127267,75],{"class":62},[44,127269,127270],{"class":66},"photo.jpg",[44,127272,3479],{"class":62},[44,127274,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127276,154],{"class":153},[44,127278,157],{"class":58},[44,127280,126391],{"class":111},[44,127282,108],{"class":58},[44,127284,126396],{"class":111},[44,127286,5640],{"class":58},[44,127288,63],{"class":62},[44,127290,126781],{"class":66},[44,127292,63],{"class":62},[44,127294,83],{"class":58},[44,127296,75],{"class":62},[44,127298,126728],{"class":66},[44,127300,63],{"class":62},[44,127302,83],{"class":58},[44,127304,75],{"class":62},[44,127306,126798],{"class":66},[44,127308,63],{"class":62},[44,127310,3031],{"class":58},[20,127312,330],{},[35,127314,127315],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127316,127317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127318,127319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127320,4107],{"class":1400},[20,127322,127323,127324,108],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[395,127325,127326],{"href":123545},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127328,123937],{"id":123936},[20,127330,127331,123748],{},[15,127332,126348],{},[20,127334,127335,127336,4523,127339,127342],{},"That means ",[15,127337,127338],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127340,127341],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127344,127346],{"className":37,"code":127345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127347,127348,127361,127365,127387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127349,127350,127352,127354,127356,127359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127351,126373],{"class":50},[44,127353,55],{"class":54},[44,127355,75],{"class":62},[44,127357,127358],{"class":66},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127360,3479],{"class":62},[44,127362,127363],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127364,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,127366,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,127368,154],{"class":153},[44,127370,157],{"class":58},[44,127372,126391],{"class":111},[44,127374,108],{"class":58},[44,127376,126396],{"class":111},[44,127378,157],{"class":58},[44,127380,63],{"class":62},[44,127382,126403],{"class":66},[44,127384,63],{"class":62},[44,127386,1869],{"class":58},[44,127388,127389,127391,127393,127395,127397,127399,127401,127403,127406,127408],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,127390,154],{"class":153},[44,127392,157],{"class":58},[44,127394,126391],{"class":111},[44,127396,108],{"class":58},[44,127398,126396],{"class":111},[44,127400,157],{"class":58},[44,127402,63],{"class":62},[44,127404,127405],{"class":66},".CSV",[44,127407,63],{"class":62},[44,127409,1869],{"class":58},[20,127411,330],{},[35,127413,127415],{"className":37,"code":127414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127416,127417,127421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127418,127419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127420,4168],{"class":1400},[44,127422,127423],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127424,4107],{"class":1400},[20,127426,127427,127428,108],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[395,127429,127430],{"href":124017},[15,127431,124020],{},[35,127433,127435],{"className":37,"code":127434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127436,127437,127449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127438,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127440,126373],{"class":50},[44,127442,55],{"class":54},[44,127444,75],{"class":62},[44,127446,127358],{"class":66},[44,127448,3479],{"class":62},[44,127450,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127452,154],{"class":153},[44,127454,157],{"class":58},[44,127456,126391],{"class":111},[44,127458,108],{"class":58},[44,127460,8771],{"class":111},[44,127462,8768],{"class":58},[44,127464,126396],{"class":111},[44,127466,157],{"class":58},[44,127468,63],{"class":62},[44,127470,126403],{"class":66},[44,127472,63],{"class":62},[44,127474,1869],{"class":58},[20,127476,330],{},[35,127478,127479],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127480,127481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127482,127483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127484,4107],{"class":1400},[30,127486,127488],{"id":127487},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127490,127491],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127493,127495],{"className":37,"code":127494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127496,127497,127510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127500,126373],{"class":50},[44,127502,55],{"class":54},[44,127504,75],{"class":62},[44,127506,127507],{"class":66},"picture.gif",[44,127509,3479],{"class":62},[44,127511,127512,127514,127516,127518,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127513,154],{"class":153},[44,127515,157],{"class":58},[44,127517,126391],{"class":111},[44,127519,108],{"class":58},[44,127521,126396],{"class":111},[44,127523,5640],{"class":58},[44,127525,63],{"class":62},[44,127527,126781],{"class":66},[44,127529,63],{"class":62},[44,127531,83],{"class":58},[44,127533,75],{"class":62},[44,127535,126728],{"class":66},[44,127537,63],{"class":62},[44,127539,83],{"class":58},[44,127541,75],{"class":62},[44,127543,126798],{"class":66},[44,127545,63],{"class":62},[44,127547,3031],{"class":58},[20,127549,330],{},[35,127551,127552],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127553,127554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127555,127556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127557,4107],{"class":1400},[20,127559,127560],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127562,52011],{},[35,127564,127566],{"className":37,"code":127565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127567,127568,127581,127616,127620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127569,127570,127573,127575,127577,127579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127571,127572],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127574,55],{"class":54},[44,127576,75],{"class":62},[44,127578,86830],{"class":66},[44,127580,3479],{"class":62},[44,127582,127583,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127603,127605,127607,127609,127612,127614],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127584,127585],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127587,55],{"class":54},[44,127589,857],{"class":58},[44,127591,63],{"class":62},[44,127593,126426],{"class":66},[44,127595,63],{"class":62},[44,127597,83],{"class":58},[44,127599,75],{"class":62},[44,127601,127602],{"class":66},".md",[44,127604,63],{"class":62},[44,127606,83],{"class":58},[44,127608,75],{"class":62},[44,127610,127611],{"class":66},".docx",[44,127613,63],{"class":62},[44,127615,162],{"class":58},[44,127617,127618],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,127619,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,127621,127622,127624,127626,127629,127631,127633,127635,127638],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,127623,154],{"class":153},[44,127625,157],{"class":58},[44,127627,127628],{"class":111},"document",[44,127630,108],{"class":58},[44,127632,126396],{"class":111},[44,127634,157],{"class":58},[44,127636,127637],{"class":111},"allowed",[44,127639,1869],{"class":58},[20,127641,330],{},[35,127643,127644],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127645,127646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127647,127648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127649,4107],{"class":1400},[20,127651,127652,127653,108],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[395,127654,126290,127656,10852],{"href":127655},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127657,127658],{},"startswith()",[30,127660,1803],{"id":1802},[20,127662,8578,127663,108],{},[15,127664,126348],{},[1960,127666,127668],{"id":127667},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127670,4656],{},[35,127672,127674],{"className":37,"code":127673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127675,127676,127688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127677,127678,127680,127682,127684,127686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127679,126373],{"class":50},[44,127681,55],{"class":54},[44,127683,75],{"class":62},[44,127685,127270],{"class":66},[44,127687,3479],{"class":62},[44,127689,127690],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127691,127692],{"class":168},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127694,127695],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127697,127699],{"className":37,"code":127698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127700,127701,127713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127702,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127704,126373],{"class":50},[44,127706,55],{"class":54},[44,127708,75],{"class":62},[44,127710,127270],{"class":66},[44,127712,3479],{"class":62},[44,127714,127715,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127716,154],{"class":153},[44,127718,157],{"class":58},[44,127720,126391],{"class":111},[44,127722,108],{"class":58},[44,127724,126396],{"class":111},[44,127726,5640],{"class":58},[44,127728,63],{"class":62},[44,127730,126781],{"class":66},[44,127732,63],{"class":62},[44,127734,83],{"class":58},[44,127736,75],{"class":62},[44,127738,126728],{"class":66},[44,127740,63],{"class":62},[44,127742,3031],{"class":58},[1960,127744,127746],{"id":127745},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127748,127750],{"className":37,"code":127749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127751,127752,127764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127753,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127755,126373],{"class":50},[44,127757,55],{"class":54},[44,127759,75],{"class":62},[44,127761,127358],{"class":66},[44,127763,3479],{"class":62},[44,127765,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127767,154],{"class":153},[44,127769,157],{"class":58},[44,127771,126391],{"class":111},[44,127773,108],{"class":58},[44,127775,126396],{"class":111},[44,127777,157],{"class":58},[44,127779,63],{"class":62},[44,127781,126403],{"class":66},[44,127783,63],{"class":62},[44,127785,1869],{"class":58},[20,127787,330],{},[35,127789,127790],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127791,127792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127793,127794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127795,4168],{"class":1400},[20,127797,39187],{},[35,127799,127800],{"className":37,"code":127434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127801,127802,127814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127803,127804,127806,127808,127810,127812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127805,126373],{"class":50},[44,127807,55],{"class":54},[44,127809,75],{"class":62},[44,127811,127358],{"class":66},[44,127813,3479],{"class":62},[44,127815,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127817,154],{"class":153},[44,127819,157],{"class":58},[44,127821,126391],{"class":111},[44,127823,108],{"class":58},[44,127825,8771],{"class":111},[44,127827,8768],{"class":58},[44,127829,126396],{"class":111},[44,127831,157],{"class":58},[44,127833,63],{"class":62},[44,127835,126403],{"class":66},[44,127837,63],{"class":62},[44,127839,1869],{"class":58},[1960,127841,37128,127843,8835,127845],{"id":127842},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127844,126348],{},[15,127846,4009],{},[20,127848,127849,127851],{},[15,127850,126348],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127853,127855],{"className":37,"code":127854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127856,127857,127870,127874,127896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127858,127859,127861,127863,127865,127868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127860,34608],{"class":50},[44,127862,55],{"class":54},[44,127864,75],{"class":62},[44,127866,127867],{"class":66},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127869,3479],{"class":62},[44,127871,127872],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127873,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,127875,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,127877,154],{"class":153},[44,127879,157],{"class":58},[44,127881,34629],{"class":111},[44,127883,108],{"class":58},[44,127885,126396],{"class":111},[44,127887,157],{"class":58},[44,127889,63],{"class":62},[44,127891,126403],{"class":66},[44,127893,63],{"class":62},[44,127895,1869],{"class":58},[44,127897,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,127899,154],{"class":153},[44,127901,157],{"class":58},[44,127903,63],{"class":62},[44,127905,126403],{"class":66},[44,127907,63],{"class":62},[44,127909,21245],{"class":4002},[44,127911,42769],{"class":111},[44,127913,162],{"class":58},[20,127915,330],{},[35,127917,127918],{"className":37,"code":127414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127919,127920,127924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127921,127922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127923,4168],{"class":1400},[44,127925,127926],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127927,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,127929,1821,127931,127933],{"id":127930},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127932,126348],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127935,127936,127938],{},[15,127937,126348],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127940,127942],{"className":37,"code":127941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127943,127944,127956,127978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127945,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127947,126373],{"class":50},[44,127949,55],{"class":54},[44,127951,75],{"class":62},[44,127953,126380],{"class":66},[44,127955,3479],{"class":62},[44,127957,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,127959,154],{"class":153},[44,127961,157],{"class":58},[44,127963,126391],{"class":111},[44,127965,108],{"class":58},[44,127967,126396],{"class":111},[44,127969,157],{"class":58},[44,127971,63],{"class":62},[44,127973,126403],{"class":66},[44,127975,63],{"class":62},[44,127977,1869],{"class":58},[44,127979,127980,127982,127984,127986],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,127981,154],{"class":153},[44,127983,157],{"class":58},[44,127985,126391],{"class":111},[44,127987,162],{"class":58},[20,127989,330],{},[35,127991,127993],{"className":37,"code":127992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127994,127995,127999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127996,127997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127998,4107],{"class":1400},[44,128000,128001,128004,128006],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128002,128003],{"class":50},"report",[44,128005,108],{"class":58},[44,128007,128008],{"class":1923},"csv\n",[20,128010,128011,128012,108],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[395,128013,128014],{"href":124458},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128016,65998],{},[192,128018,128019,128022,128025,128028],{},[195,128020,128021],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[195,128023,128024],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[195,128026,128027],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[195,128029,567,128030,44558,128032,2997,128034,111487],{},[15,128031,126348],{},[15,128033,124461],{},[15,128035,41580],{},[20,128037,30202],{},[35,128039,128041],{"className":37,"code":128040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128042,128043,128053,128067,128089,128115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128044,128045,128047,128049,128051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128046,154],{"class":153},[44,128048,157],{"class":58},[44,128050,34629],{"class":111},[44,128052,162],{"class":58},[44,128054,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128056,154],{"class":153},[44,128058,157],{"class":58},[44,128060,41706],{"class":153},[44,128062,157],{"class":58},[44,128064,34629],{"class":111},[44,128066,1869],{"class":58},[44,128068,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,128070,154],{"class":153},[44,128072,157],{"class":58},[44,128074,34629],{"class":111},[44,128076,108],{"class":58},[44,128078,126396],{"class":111},[44,128080,157],{"class":58},[44,128082,343],{"class":62},[44,128084,126403],{"class":66},[44,128086,343],{"class":62},[44,128088,1869],{"class":58},[44,128090,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,128092,154],{"class":153},[44,128094,157],{"class":58},[44,128096,34629],{"class":111},[44,128098,108],{"class":58},[44,128100,8771],{"class":111},[44,128102,8768],{"class":58},[44,128104,126396],{"class":111},[44,128106,157],{"class":58},[44,128108,343],{"class":62},[44,128110,126403],{"class":66},[44,128112,343],{"class":62},[44,128114,1869],{"class":58},[44,128116,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,128118,154],{"class":153},[44,128120,157],{"class":58},[44,128122,1862],{"class":1861},[44,128124,157],{"class":58},[44,128126,34629],{"class":111},[44,128128,1869],{"class":58},[30,128130,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,128132,1963,128134,128136],{"id":128133},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128135,126348],{}," change the string?",[20,128138,128139,128140,2997,128142,108],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128141,3726],{},[15,128143,3799],{},[1960,128145,1984,128147,128149],{"id":128146},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128148,126348],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128151,128152,128153,108],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128154,128155],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1960,128157,14989,128159,124626],{"id":128158},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128160,126348],{},[20,128162,128163,128164,2997,128166,128169],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128165,124020],{},[15,128167,128168],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1960,128171,2007,128173,4523,128175,2610],{"id":128172},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128174,126348],{},[15,128176,124285],{},[20,128178,128179,128181,128182,128184],{},[15,128180,126348],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128183,124285],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,128186,2020],{"id":2019},[192,128188,128189,128195,128201,128205,128209],{},[195,128190,128191],{},[395,128192,126290,128193,10852],{"href":127655},[15,128194,127658],{},[195,128196,128197],{},[395,128198,126290,128199,10852],{"href":124017},[15,128200,124020],{},[195,128202,128203],{},[395,128204,124689],{"href":123545},[195,128206,128207],{},[395,128208,124696],{"href":124458},[195,128210,128211],{},[395,128212,125045],{"href":50906},[2048,128214,128215],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":128217},[128218,128219,128221,128222,128227,128228,128234,128235,128236,128244,128254],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":126456,"depth":102,"text":128220},"What endswith() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":126671,"depth":102,"text":126672,"children":128223},[128224,128225,128226],{"id":126585,"depth":150,"text":126585},{"id":35995,"depth":150,"text":35995},{"id":52592,"depth":150,"text":52592},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":127084,"depth":102,"text":127085,"children":128229},[128230,128231,128232,128233],{"id":127088,"depth":150,"text":127089},{"id":127142,"depth":150,"text":127143},{"id":127199,"depth":150,"text":127200},{"id":127253,"depth":150,"text":127254},{"id":123936,"depth":102,"text":123937},{"id":127487,"depth":102,"text":127488},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":128237},[128238,128239,128240,128242],{"id":127667,"depth":150,"text":127668},{"id":127745,"depth":150,"text":127746},{"id":127842,"depth":150,"text":128241},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127930,"depth":150,"text":128243},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":128245},[128246,128248,128250,128252],{"id":128133,"depth":150,"text":128247},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128146,"depth":150,"text":128249},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128158,"depth":150,"text":128251},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128172,"depth":150,"text":128253},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126340,"description":128255},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128262,"title":128263,"body":128264,"description":129932,"extension":2080,"meta":129933,"navigation":682,"path":129934,"seo":129935,"stem":129936,"__hash__":129937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128265,"toc":129905},[128266,128271,128276,128281,128286,128379,128389,128394,128399,128414,128416,128498,128506,128508,128510,128537,128539,128555,128562,128564,128672,128674,128679,128695,128697,128792,128800,128803,128809,128814,128819,128826,128965,128968,128981,128983,128987,128994,129064,129067,129116,129123,129130,129144,129149,129154,129200,129246,129262,129264,129269,129283,129286,129408,129413,129415,129420,129453,129456,129532,129534,129543,129557,129560,129644,129647,129758,129761,129789,129791,129798,129802,129808,129811,129817,129820,129827,129838,129844,129851,129853,129902],[10,128267,123290,128269,18],{"id":128268},"python-string-find-method",[15,128270,124285],{},[20,128272,123295,128273,128275],{},[15,128274,124285],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128277,128278,128279,108],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128280,65789],{},[20,128282,172,128283,128285],{},[15,128284,124285],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,128287,128289],{"className":37,"code":128288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128290,128291,128303,128326,128339,128343,128366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128292,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128294,34608],{"class":50},[44,128296,55],{"class":54},[44,128298,75],{"class":62},[44,128300,60340],{"class":66},[44,128302,3479],{"class":62},[44,128304,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128306,64854],{"class":50},[44,128308,55],{"class":54},[44,128310,42769],{"class":50},[44,128312,108],{"class":58},[44,128314,128315],{"class":111},"find",[44,128317,157],{"class":58},[44,128319,63],{"class":62},[44,128321,60525],{"class":66},[44,128323,63],{"class":62},[44,128325,162],{"class":58},[44,128327,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,128329,154],{"class":153},[44,128331,157],{"class":58},[44,128333,64881],{"class":111},[44,128335,3786],{"class":58},[44,128337,128338],{"class":168},"   # 6\n",[44,128340,128341],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,128342,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,128344,128345,128348,128350,128352,128354,128356,128358,128360,128362,128364],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,128346,128347],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128349,55],{"class":54},[44,128351,42769],{"class":50},[44,128353,108],{"class":58},[44,128355,128315],{"class":111},[44,128357,157],{"class":58},[44,128359,63],{"class":62},[44,128361,39],{"class":66},[44,128363,63],{"class":62},[44,128365,162],{"class":58},[44,128367,128368,128370,128372,128374,128376],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,128369,154],{"class":153},[44,128371,157],{"class":58},[44,128373,26841],{"class":111},[44,128375,3786],{"class":58},[44,128377,128378],{"class":168},"    # -1\n",[43508,128380,128381],{},[20,128382,172,128383,128385,128386,128388],{},[15,128384,124285],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128387,65789],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128390,179,128392,182],{"id":128391},"what-find-does",[15,128393,124285],{},[20,128395,128396,128398],{},[15,128397,124285],{}," is a string method that:",[192,128400,128401,128404,128407,128412],{},[195,128402,128403],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[195,128405,128406],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[195,128408,11530,128409,128411],{},[15,128410,65789],{}," if no match is found",[195,128413,126476],{},[20,128415,223],{},[35,128417,128419],{"className":37,"code":128418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128420,128421,128433,128437,128461,128485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128422,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128424,34608],{"class":50},[44,128426,55],{"class":54},[44,128428,75],{"class":62},[44,128430,4216],{"class":66},[44,128432,3479],{"class":62},[44,128434,128435],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128436,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,128438,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,128440,154],{"class":153},[44,128442,157],{"class":58},[44,128444,34629],{"class":111},[44,128446,108],{"class":58},[44,128448,128315],{"class":111},[44,128450,157],{"class":58},[44,128452,63],{"class":62},[44,128454,123383],{"class":66},[44,128456,63],{"class":62},[44,128458,5491],{"class":58},[44,128460,57578],{"class":168},[44,128462,128463,128465,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475,128477,128479,128481,128483],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,128464,154],{"class":153},[44,128466,157],{"class":58},[44,128468,34629],{"class":111},[44,128470,108],{"class":58},[44,128472,128315],{"class":111},[44,128474,157],{"class":58},[44,128476,63],{"class":62},[44,128478,2291],{"class":66},[44,128480,63],{"class":62},[44,128482,5491],{"class":58},[44,128484,128378],{"class":168},[44,128486,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,128488,154],{"class":153},[44,128490,157],{"class":58},[44,128492,34629],{"class":111},[44,128494,3786],{"class":58},[44,128496,128497],{"class":168},"              # banana\n",[20,128499,20843,128500,128503,128504,108],{},[15,128501,128502],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128505,2173],{},[30,128507,402],{"id":401},[20,128509,2277],{},[35,128511,128513],{"className":37,"code":128512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128514,128515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128516,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128518,61108],{"class":50},[44,128520,108],{"class":58},[44,128522,128315],{"class":111},[44,128524,157],{"class":58},[44,128526,2590],{"class":111},[44,128528,83],{"class":58},[44,128530,35974],{"class":111},[44,128532,83],{"class":58},[44,128534,64975],{"class":111},[44,128536,162],{"class":58},[1960,128538,17475],{"id":17474},[192,128540,128541,128545,128550],{},[195,128542,128543,123482],{},[15,128544,2590],{},[195,128546,128547,128549],{},[15,128548,35995],{},": optional starting position",[195,128551,128552,128554],{},[15,128553,52592],{},": optional ending position",[20,128556,128557,4523,128559,128561],{},[15,128558,35995],{},[15,128560,52592],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128563,126619],{},[35,128565,128567],{"className":37,"code":128566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128568,128569,128581,128585,128610,128639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128570,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128572,34608],{"class":50},[44,128574,55],{"class":54},[44,128576,75],{"class":62},[44,128578,60340],{"class":66},[44,128580,3479],{"class":62},[44,128582,128583],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128584,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,128586,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,128588,154],{"class":153},[44,128590,157],{"class":58},[44,128592,34629],{"class":111},[44,128594,108],{"class":58},[44,128596,128315],{"class":111},[44,128598,157],{"class":58},[44,128600,63],{"class":62},[44,128602,60407],{"class":66},[44,128604,63],{"class":62},[44,128606,5491],{"class":58},[44,128608,128609],{"class":168},"        # 4\n",[44,128611,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634,128636],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,128613,154],{"class":153},[44,128615,157],{"class":58},[44,128617,34629],{"class":111},[44,128619,108],{"class":58},[44,128621,128315],{"class":111},[44,128623,157],{"class":58},[44,128625,63],{"class":62},[44,128627,60407],{"class":66},[44,128629,63],{"class":62},[44,128631,83],{"class":58},[44,128633,4736],{"class":95},[44,128635,5491],{"class":58},[44,128637,128638],{"class":168},"     # 7\n",[44,128640,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,128642,154],{"class":153},[44,128644,157],{"class":58},[44,128646,34629],{"class":111},[44,128648,108],{"class":58},[44,128650,128315],{"class":111},[44,128652,157],{"class":58},[44,128654,63],{"class":62},[44,128656,60407],{"class":66},[44,128658,63],{"class":62},[44,128660,83],{"class":58},[44,128662,4736],{"class":95},[44,128664,83],{"class":58},[44,128666,6123],{"class":95},[44,128668,5491],{"class":58},[44,128670,128671],{"class":168},"  # -1\n",[30,128673,37945],{"id":37944},[20,128675,57477,128676,128678],{},[15,128677,124285],{}," is always an integer.",[192,128680,128681,128687,128690],{},[195,128682,128683,128684,128686],{},"A number ",[15,128685,2237],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[195,128688,128689],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[195,128691,128692,128694],{},[15,128693,65789],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128696,223],{},[35,128698,128700],{"className":37,"code":128699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128701,128702,128714,128718,128743,128768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128703,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128705,34608],{"class":50},[44,128707,55],{"class":54},[44,128709,75],{"class":62},[44,128711,39],{"class":66},[44,128713,3479],{"class":62},[44,128715,128716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128717,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,128719,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128737,128739,128741],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,128721,154],{"class":153},[44,128723,157],{"class":58},[44,128725,34629],{"class":111},[44,128727,108],{"class":58},[44,128729,128315],{"class":111},[44,128731,157],{"class":58},[44,128733,63],{"class":62},[44,128735,128736],{"class":66},"py",[44,128738,63],{"class":62},[44,128740,5491],{"class":58},[44,128742,20840],{"class":168},[44,128744,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128762,128764,128766],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,128746,154],{"class":153},[44,128748,157],{"class":58},[44,128750,34629],{"class":111},[44,128752,108],{"class":58},[44,128754,128315],{"class":111},[44,128756,157],{"class":58},[44,128758,63],{"class":62},[44,128760,128761],{"class":66},"th",[44,128763,63],{"class":62},[44,128765,5491],{"class":58},[44,128767,57578],{"class":168},[44,128769,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,128771,154],{"class":153},[44,128773,157],{"class":58},[44,128775,34629],{"class":111},[44,128777,108],{"class":58},[44,128779,128315],{"class":111},[44,128781,157],{"class":58},[44,128783,63],{"class":62},[44,128785,22148],{"class":66},[44,128787,63],{"class":62},[44,128789,5491],{"class":58},[44,128791,128378],{"class":168},[20,128793,89845,128794,8586,128796,2997,128798,108],{},[15,128795,124285],{},[15,128797,3726],{},[15,128799,3799],{},[20,128801,128802],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128804,567,128805,4523,128807],{"id":65341},[15,128806,35995],{},[15,128808,52592],{},[20,128810,172,128811,128813],{},[15,128812,35995],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128815,172,128816,128818],{},[15,128817,52592],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128820,22,128821,75397,128823,128825],{},[15,128822,52592],{},[3868,128824,65004],{}," in the search.",[35,128827,128829],{"className":37,"code":128828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128830,128831,128844,128848,128872,128901,128933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128832,128833,128835,128837,128839,128842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128834,34608],{"class":50},[44,128836,55],{"class":54},[44,128838,75],{"class":62},[44,128840,128841],{"class":66},"one two three two",[44,128843,3479],{"class":62},[44,128845,128846],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,128847,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,128849,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864,128866,128868,128870],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,128851,154],{"class":153},[44,128853,157],{"class":58},[44,128855,34629],{"class":111},[44,128857,108],{"class":58},[44,128859,128315],{"class":111},[44,128861,157],{"class":58},[44,128863,63],{"class":62},[44,128865,79206],{"class":66},[44,128867,63],{"class":62},[44,128869,5491],{"class":58},[44,128871,128609],{"class":168},[44,128873,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892,128894,128896,128898],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,128875,154],{"class":153},[44,128877,157],{"class":58},[44,128879,34629],{"class":111},[44,128881,108],{"class":58},[44,128883,128315],{"class":111},[44,128885,157],{"class":58},[44,128887,63],{"class":62},[44,128889,79206],{"class":66},[44,128891,63],{"class":62},[44,128893,83],{"class":58},[44,128895,4736],{"class":95},[44,128897,5491],{"class":58},[44,128899,128900],{"class":168},"     # 14\n",[44,128902,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,128904,154],{"class":153},[44,128906,157],{"class":58},[44,128908,34629],{"class":111},[44,128910,108],{"class":58},[44,128912,128315],{"class":111},[44,128914,157],{"class":58},[44,128916,63],{"class":62},[44,128918,79206],{"class":66},[44,128920,63],{"class":62},[44,128922,83],{"class":58},[44,128924,3959],{"class":95},[44,128926,83],{"class":58},[44,128928,6123],{"class":95},[44,128930,5491],{"class":58},[44,128932,50866],{"class":168},[44,128934,128935,128937,128939,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951,128953,128955,128957,128959,128961,128963],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,128936,154],{"class":153},[44,128938,157],{"class":58},[44,128940,34629],{"class":111},[44,128942,108],{"class":58},[44,128944,128315],{"class":111},[44,128946,157],{"class":58},[44,128948,63],{"class":62},[44,128950,79206],{"class":66},[44,128952,63],{"class":62},[44,128954,83],{"class":58},[44,128956,3959],{"class":95},[44,128958,83],{"class":58},[44,128960,2574],{"class":95},[44,128962,5491],{"class":58},[44,128964,128671],{"class":168},[20,128966,128967],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128969,128970,128971,55001,128975,108],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[395,128972,128974],{"href":128973},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[395,128976,128978,128980],{"href":128977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128979,60465],{}," string method",[30,128982,123937],{"id":123936},[20,128984,128985,123748],{},[15,128986,124285],{},[20,128988,127335,128989,4523,128991,128993],{},[15,128990,90353],{},[15,128992,64469],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128995,128997],{"className":37,"code":128996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128998,128999,129012,129016,129040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129000,129001,129003,129005,129007,129010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129002,34608],{"class":50},[44,129004,55],{"class":54},[44,129006,75],{"class":62},[44,129008,129009],{"class":66},"Hello World",[44,129011,3479],{"class":62},[44,129013,129014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129015,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129017,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129019,154],{"class":153},[44,129021,157],{"class":58},[44,129023,34629],{"class":111},[44,129025,108],{"class":58},[44,129027,128315],{"class":111},[44,129029,157],{"class":58},[44,129031,63],{"class":62},[44,129033,34788],{"class":66},[44,129035,63],{"class":62},[44,129037,5491],{"class":58},[44,129039,51178],{"class":168},[44,129041,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,129043,154],{"class":153},[44,129045,157],{"class":58},[44,129047,34629],{"class":111},[44,129049,108],{"class":58},[44,129051,128315],{"class":111},[44,129053,157],{"class":58},[44,129055,63],{"class":62},[44,129057,3971],{"class":66},[44,129059,63],{"class":62},[44,129061,5491],{"class":58},[44,129063,128671],{"class":168},[20,129065,129066],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,129068,129070],{"className":37,"code":129069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129071,129072,129084,129088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129073,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129075,34608],{"class":50},[44,129077,55],{"class":54},[44,129079,75],{"class":62},[44,129081,129009],{"class":66},[44,129083,3479],{"class":62},[44,129085,129086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129087,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129089,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129091,154],{"class":153},[44,129093,157],{"class":58},[44,129095,34629],{"class":111},[44,129097,108],{"class":58},[44,129099,8771],{"class":111},[44,129101,8768],{"class":58},[44,129103,128315],{"class":111},[44,129105,157],{"class":58},[44,129107,63],{"class":62},[44,129109,3971],{"class":66},[44,129111,63],{"class":62},[44,129113,5491],{"class":58},[44,129115,51178],{"class":168},[30,129117,129119,10698,129121],{"id":129118},"find-vs-index",[15,129120,124285],{},[15,129122,58901],{},[20,129124,129125,4523,129127,129129],{},[15,129126,124285],{},[15,129128,58901],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[192,129131,129132,129138],{},[195,129133,129134,1298,129136],{},[15,129135,124285],{},[15,129137,65789],{},[195,129139,129140,52426,129142],{},[15,129141,58901],{},[15,129143,40630],{},[20,129145,172,129146,129148],{},[15,129147,124285],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129150,172,129151,129153],{},[15,129152,58901],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,129155,129157],{"className":37,"code":129156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129158,129159,129171,129175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129160,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129162,34608],{"class":50},[44,129164,55],{"class":54},[44,129166,75],{"class":62},[44,129168,3971],{"class":66},[44,129170,3479],{"class":62},[44,129172,129173],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129174,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129176,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193,129195,129197],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129178,154],{"class":153},[44,129180,157],{"class":58},[44,129182,34629],{"class":111},[44,129184,108],{"class":58},[44,129186,128315],{"class":111},[44,129188,157],{"class":58},[44,129190,63],{"class":62},[44,129192,2291],{"class":66},[44,129194,63],{"class":62},[44,129196,5491],{"class":58},[44,129198,129199],{"class":168},"   # -1\n",[35,129201,129203],{"className":37,"code":129202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129204,129205,129217,129221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129206,129207,129209,129211,129213,129215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129208,34608],{"class":50},[44,129210,55],{"class":54},[44,129212,75],{"class":62},[44,129214,3971],{"class":66},[44,129216,3479],{"class":62},[44,129218,129219],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129220,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129222,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129224,154],{"class":153},[44,129226,157],{"class":58},[44,129228,34629],{"class":111},[44,129230,108],{"class":58},[44,129232,35768],{"class":111},[44,129234,157],{"class":58},[44,129236,63],{"class":62},[44,129238,2291],{"class":66},[44,129240,63],{"class":62},[44,129242,5491],{"class":58},[44,129244,129245],{"class":168},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129247,129248,129249,129253,129254,129256,129257,108],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[395,129250,129251,128980],{"href":124310},[15,129252,58901],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129255,58901],{},", read ",[395,129258,25748,129259],{"href":73417},[15,129260,129261],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,129263,40972],{"id":40971},[20,129265,35327,129266,129268],{},[15,129267,124285],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[192,129270,129271,129274,129277,129280],{},[195,129272,129273],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[195,129275,129276],{},"Get the position of a word",[195,129278,129279],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[195,129281,129282],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129284,129285],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,129287,129289],{"className":37,"code":129288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129290,129291,129304,129327,129331,129346,129362,129381,129395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129292,129293,129295,129297,129299,129302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129294,34608],{"class":50},[44,129296,55],{"class":54},[44,129298,75],{"class":62},[44,129300,129301],{"class":66},"name:Alice",[44,129303,3479],{"class":62},[44,129305,129306,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317,129319,129321,129323,129325],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129307,129308],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129310,55],{"class":54},[44,129312,42769],{"class":50},[44,129314,108],{"class":58},[44,129316,128315],{"class":111},[44,129318,157],{"class":58},[44,129320,63],{"class":62},[44,129322,72],{"class":66},[44,129324,63],{"class":62},[44,129326,162],{"class":58},[44,129328,129329],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129330,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129332,129333,129335,129338,129340,129342,129344],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,129334,7128],{"class":4002},[44,129336,129337],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129339,72527],{"class":54},[44,129341,2340],{"class":54},[44,129343,3108],{"class":95},[44,129345,6523],{"class":58},[44,129347,129348,129351,129353,129355,129357,129360],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,129349,129350],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129352,55],{"class":54},[44,129354,42769],{"class":50},[44,129356,75470],{"class":58},[44,129358,129359],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129361,3759],{"class":58},[44,129363,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372,129374,129376,129378],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,129365,27469],{"class":50},[44,129367,55],{"class":54},[44,129369,42769],{"class":50},[44,129371,4027],{"class":58},[44,129373,129308],{"class":50},[44,129375,2176],{"class":54},[44,129377,504],{"class":95},[44,129379,129380],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,129382,129383,129385,129387,129390,129392],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,129384,8200],{"class":153},[44,129386,157],{"class":58},[44,129388,129389],{"class":111},"label",[44,129391,3786],{"class":58},[44,129393,129394],{"class":168},"  # name\n",[44,129396,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,129398,8200],{"class":153},[44,129400,157],{"class":58},[44,129402,2590],{"class":111},[44,129404,3786],{"class":58},[44,129406,129407],{"class":168},"  # Alice\n",[20,129409,129410,129411,108],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[395,129412,127326],{"href":123545},[30,129414,1803],{"id":1802},[20,129416,129417,129418,72],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129419,124285],{},[192,129421,129422,129431,129437,129442,129448],{},[195,129423,1821,129424,8586,129426,2997,129428,129430],{},[15,129425,124285],{},[15,129427,3726],{},[15,129429,3799],{}," instead of an index",[195,129432,129433,129434,129436],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129435,65789],{}," when the substring is missing",[195,129438,567,129439,129441],{},[15,129440,124285],{}," without handling case differences",[195,129443,37128,129444,8835,129446],{},[15,129445,124285],{},[15,129447,58901],{},[195,129449,4710,129450,129452],{},[15,129451,124285],{}," changes the string",[20,129454,129455],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129457,129459],{"className":37,"code":129458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129460,129461,129473,129477,129497,129512,129518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129462,129463,129465,129467,129469,129471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129464,34608],{"class":50},[44,129466,55],{"class":54},[44,129468,75],{"class":62},[44,129470,3971],{"class":66},[44,129472,3479],{"class":62},[44,129474,129475],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129476,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129478,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129480,7128],{"class":4002},[44,129482,42769],{"class":50},[44,129484,108],{"class":58},[44,129486,128315],{"class":111},[44,129488,157],{"class":58},[44,129490,63],{"class":62},[44,129492,60372],{"class":66},[44,129494,63],{"class":62},[44,129496,8473],{"class":58},[44,129498,129499,129501,129503,129505,129508,129510],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,129500,8200],{"class":153},[44,129502,157],{"class":58},[44,129504,63],{"class":62},[44,129506,129507],{"class":66},"Found",[44,129509,63],{"class":62},[44,129511,162],{"class":58},[44,129513,129514,129516],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,129515,27502],{"class":4002},[44,129517,6523],{"class":58},[44,129519,129520,129522,129524,129526,129528,129530],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,129521,8200],{"class":153},[44,129523,157],{"class":58},[44,129525,63],{"class":62},[44,129527,26383],{"class":66},[44,129529,63],{"class":62},[44,129531,162],{"class":58},[20,129533,99851],{},[35,129535,129537],{"className":37,"code":129536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129538,129539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129540,129541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129542,129536],{"class":50},[20,129544,45632,129545,129548,129549,17153,129551,129553,129554,129556],{},[15,129546,129547],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129550,2237],{},[15,129552,2237],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129555,7128],{}," statement.",[20,129558,129559],{},"A safer version is:",[35,129561,129563],{"className":37,"code":129562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129564,129565,129577,129581,129610,129624,129630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129566,129567,129569,129571,129573,129575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129568,34608],{"class":50},[44,129570,55],{"class":54},[44,129572,75],{"class":62},[44,129574,3971],{"class":66},[44,129576,3479],{"class":62},[44,129578,129579],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129580,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129582,129583,129585,129587,129589,129591,129593,129595,129597,129599,129601,129604,129606,129608],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129584,7128],{"class":4002},[44,129586,42769],{"class":50},[44,129588,108],{"class":58},[44,129590,128315],{"class":111},[44,129592,157],{"class":58},[44,129594,63],{"class":62},[44,129596,60372],{"class":66},[44,129598,63],{"class":62},[44,129600,3786],{"class":58},[44,129602,129603],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129605,2340],{"class":54},[44,129607,3108],{"class":95},[44,129609,6523],{"class":58},[44,129611,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,129613,8200],{"class":153},[44,129615,157],{"class":58},[44,129617,63],{"class":62},[44,129619,129507],{"class":66},[44,129621,63],{"class":62},[44,129623,162],{"class":58},[44,129625,129626,129628],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,129627,27502],{"class":4002},[44,129629,6523],{"class":58},[44,129631,129632,129634,129636,129638,129640,129642],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,129633,8200],{"class":153},[44,129635,157],{"class":58},[44,129637,63],{"class":62},[44,129639,26383],{"class":66},[44,129641,63],{"class":62},[44,129643,162],{"class":58},[20,129645,129646],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129648,129650],{"className":37,"code":129649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129651,129652,129674,129688,129714,129728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129653,129654,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129670,129672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129655,154],{"class":153},[44,129657,157],{"class":58},[44,129659,34629],{"class":111},[44,129661,108],{"class":58},[44,129663,128315],{"class":111},[44,129665,157],{"class":58},[44,129667,343],{"class":62},[44,129669,38316],{"class":66},[44,129671,343],{"class":62},[44,129673,1869],{"class":58},[44,129675,129676,129678,129680,129682,129684,129686],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129677,154],{"class":153},[44,129679,157],{"class":58},[44,129681,41706],{"class":153},[44,129683,157],{"class":58},[44,129685,34629],{"class":111},[44,129687,1869],{"class":58},[44,129689,129690,129692,129694,129696,129698,129700,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129691,154],{"class":153},[44,129693,157],{"class":58},[44,129695,34629],{"class":111},[44,129697,108],{"class":58},[44,129699,8771],{"class":111},[44,129701,8768],{"class":58},[44,129703,128315],{"class":111},[44,129705,157],{"class":58},[44,129707,343],{"class":62},[44,129709,38316],{"class":66},[44,129711,343],{"class":62},[44,129713,1869],{"class":58},[44,129715,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,129717,154],{"class":153},[44,129719,157],{"class":58},[44,129721,11271],{"class":153},[44,129723,157],{"class":58},[44,129725,34629],{"class":111},[44,129727,1869],{"class":58},[44,129729,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129754,129756],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,129731,154],{"class":153},[44,129733,157],{"class":58},[44,129735,34629],{"class":111},[44,129737,108],{"class":58},[44,129739,128315],{"class":111},[44,129741,157],{"class":58},[44,129743,343],{"class":62},[44,129745,38316],{"class":66},[44,129747,343],{"class":62},[44,129749,83],{"class":58},[44,129751,35974],{"class":111},[44,129753,83],{"class":58},[44,129755,64975],{"class":111},[44,129757,1869],{"class":58},[20,129759,129760],{},"These help you check:",[192,129762,129763,129768,129773,129778,129781],{},[195,129764,129765,129766],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129767,124285],{},[195,129769,129770,129771],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129772,122504],{},[195,129774,129775,129776],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129777,124020],{},[195,129779,129780],{},"The string length",[195,129782,129783,129784,4523,129786,129788],{},"Whether your ",[15,129785,35995],{},[15,129787,52592],{}," values are correct",[30,129790,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,129792,129794,129795,129797],{"id":129793},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129796,124285],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129799,214,129800,108],{},[15,129801,65789],{},[1960,129803,1963,129805,129807],{"id":129804},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129806,124285],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129809,129810],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1960,129812,129814,129815,124626],{"id":129813},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129816,124285],{},[20,129818,129819],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1960,129821,2007,129823,4523,129825,69590],{"id":129822},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129824,124285],{},[15,129826,58901],{},[20,129828,129829,1298,129831,129833,129834,52426,129836,108],{},[15,129830,124285],{},[15,129832,65789],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129835,58901],{},[15,129837,40630],{},[1960,129839,1994,129841,129843],{"id":129840},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129842,124285],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129845,129846,129847,4523,129849,66088],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129848,35995],{},[15,129850,52592],{},[30,129852,2020],{"id":2019},[192,129854,129855,129861,129867,129874,129880,129887,129891,129896],{},[195,129856,129857],{},[395,129858,126290,129859,10852],{"href":124310},[15,129860,58901],{},[195,129862,129863],{},[395,129864,126290,129865,10852],{"href":128977},[15,129866,60465],{},[195,129868,129869],{},[395,129870,126290,129872,10852],{"href":129871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129873,124461],{},[195,129875,129876],{},[395,129877,126290,129878,10852],{"href":127655},[15,129879,127658],{},[195,129881,129882],{},[395,129883,126290,129885,10852],{"href":129884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129886,126348],{},[195,129888,129889],{},[395,129890,124689],{"href":123545},[195,129892,129893],{},[395,129894,129895],{"href":128973},"How to split a string in Python",[195,129897,129898],{},[395,129899,26190,129900],{"href":73417},[15,129901,129261],{},[2048,129903,129904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":129906},[129907,129909,129912,129913,129914,129915,129917,129918,129919,129931],{"id":128391,"depth":102,"text":129908},"What find() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":129910},[129911],{"id":17474,"depth":150,"text":17475},{"id":37944,"depth":102,"text":37945},{"id":65341,"depth":102,"text":66124},{"id":123936,"depth":102,"text":123937},{"id":129118,"depth":102,"text":129916},"find() vs index()",{"id":40971,"depth":102,"text":40972},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":129920},[129921,129923,129925,129927,129929],{"id":129793,"depth":150,"text":129922},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129804,"depth":150,"text":129924},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129813,"depth":150,"text":129926},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129822,"depth":150,"text":129928},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129840,"depth":150,"text":129930},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128263,"description":129932},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129939,"title":129940,"body":129941,"description":131867,"extension":2080,"meta":131868,"navigation":682,"path":131869,"seo":131870,"stem":131871,"__hash__":131872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129942,"toc":131835},[129943,129948,129953,129956,129958,130034,130038,130066,130074,130078,130083,130087,130104,130106,130173,130177,130199,130207,130209,130212,130236,130239,130253,130255,130340,130344,130356,130359,130363,130369,130419,130423,130440,130449,130452,130460,130463,130512,130516,130541,130544,130599,130603,130615,130621,130625,130631,130636,130703,130707,130733,130736,130747,130749,130816,130820,130845,130852,130856,130861,130868,130876,130878,130930,130934,130952,130954,130999,131003,131018,131021,131031,131038,131040,131044,131047,131058,131060,131120,131124,131152,131155,131161,131166,131169,131173,131217,131220,131258,131261,131269,131271,131276,131280,131283,131331,131334,131337,131393,131397,131402,131405,131454,131456,131505,131511,131516,131518,131565,131569,131582,131584,131635,131641,131644,131648,131651,131657,131662,131664,131667,131739,131742,131759,131761,131766,131769,131773,131779,131785,131792,131798,131804,131806,131832],[10,129944,123290,129946,18],{"id":129945},"python-string-format-method",[15,129947,126293],{},[20,129949,123295,129950,129952],{},[15,129951,126293],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129954,129955],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,129957,33],{"id":32},[35,129959,129961],{"className":37,"code":129960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129962,129963,129975,129983,129987,130024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129964,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129966,8007],{"class":50},[44,129968,55],{"class":54},[44,129970,75],{"class":62},[44,129972,11614],{"class":66},[44,129974,3479],{"class":62},[44,129976,129977,129979,129981],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,129978,21699],{"class":50},[44,129980,55],{"class":54},[44,129982,88734],{"class":95},[44,129984,129985],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,129986,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,129988,129989,129991,129993,129995,129998,130000,130003,130005,130007,130009,130011,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,129990,89942],{"class":50},[44,129992,55],{"class":54},[44,129994,75],{"class":62},[44,129996,129997],{"class":66},"My name is ",[44,129999,3917],{"class":95},[44,130001,130002],{"class":66}," and I am ",[44,130004,3917],{"class":95},[44,130006,122286],{"class":66},[44,130008,63],{"class":62},[44,130010,108],{"class":58},[44,130012,130013],{"class":111},"format",[44,130015,157],{"class":58},[44,130017,67],{"class":111},[44,130019,83],{"class":58},[44,130021,9316],{"class":111},[44,130023,162],{"class":58},[44,130025,130026,130028,130030,130032],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,130027,154],{"class":153},[44,130029,157],{"class":58},[44,130031,89959],{"class":111},[44,130033,162],{"class":58},[20,130035,130036],{},[3868,130037,330],{},[35,130039,130041],{"className":37,"code":130040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130042,130043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130044,130045,130048,130050,130053,130056,130059,130062,130064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130046,130047],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,130049,12295],{"class":54},[44,130051,130052],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,130054,130055],{"class":54},"and",[44,130057,130058],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,130060,130061],{"class":95},"12",[44,130063,122319],{"class":50},[44,130065,122322],{"class":58},[20,130067,172,130068,130070,130071,130073],{},[15,130069,3917],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130072,126293],{}," in the same order.",[20,130075,125042,130076,108],{},[395,130077,125045],{"href":50906},[30,130079,13092,130081,13095],{"id":130080},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130082,126293],{},[20,130084,22,130085,11519],{},[15,130086,126293],{},[192,130088,130089,130092,130098,130101],{},[195,130090,130091],{},"inserts values into a string",[195,130093,130094,130095,130097],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130096,3917],{}," with given values",[195,130099,130100],{},"returns a new string",[195,130102,130103],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130105,223],{},[35,130107,130109],{"className":37,"code":130108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130110,130111,130125,130148,130152,130163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130112,130113,130115,130117,130119,130121,130123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130114,34608],{"class":50},[44,130116,55],{"class":54},[44,130118,75],{"class":62},[44,130120,44830],{"class":66},[44,130122,3917],{"class":95},[44,130124,3479],{"class":62},[44,130126,130127,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130146],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130128,130129],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,130131,55],{"class":54},[44,130133,42769],{"class":50},[44,130135,108],{"class":58},[44,130137,130013],{"class":111},[44,130139,157],{"class":58},[44,130141,63],{"class":62},[44,130143,470],{"class":66},[44,130145,63],{"class":62},[44,130147,162],{"class":58},[44,130149,130150],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,130151,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,130153,130154,130156,130158,130161],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,130155,154],{"class":153},[44,130157,157],{"class":58},[44,130159,130160],{"class":111},"new_text",[44,130162,162],{"class":58},[44,130164,130165,130167,130169,130171],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,130166,154],{"class":153},[44,130168,157],{"class":58},[44,130170,34629],{"class":111},[44,130172,162],{"class":58},[20,130174,130175],{},[3868,130176,330],{},[35,130178,130180],{"className":37,"code":130179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130181,130182,130191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130183,130184,130186,130188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130185,34788],{"class":50},[44,130187,83],{"class":58},[44,130189,130190],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,130192,130193,130195,130197],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130194,34788],{"class":50},[44,130196,83],{"class":58},[44,130198,1238],{"class":58},[20,130200,2403,130201,130203,130204,130206],{},[15,130202,34629],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130205,126293],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,130208,402],{"id":401},[20,130210,130211],{},"The general form is:",[35,130213,130215],{"className":37,"code":130214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130216,130217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130218,130219,130221,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130220,63],{"class":43256},[44,130222,130223],{"class":43260},"text {}",[44,130225,63],{"class":43256},[44,130227,108],{"class":58},[44,130229,130013],{"class":111},[44,130231,157],{"class":58},[44,130233,2590],{"class":111},[44,130235,162],{"class":58},[20,130237,130238],{},"Key idea:",[192,130240,130241,130247,130250],{},[195,130242,130243,130244,130246],{},"each ",[15,130245,3917],{}," is a placeholder",[195,130248,130249],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[195,130251,130252],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130254,223],{},[35,130256,130258],{"className":37,"code":130257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130259,130260,130273,130287,130291,130329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130261,130262,130265,130267,130269,130271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130263,130264],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,130266,55],{"class":54},[44,130268,75],{"class":62},[44,130270,36971],{"class":66},[44,130272,3479],{"class":62},[44,130274,130275,130278,130280,130282,130285],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130276,130277],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,130279,55],{"class":54},[44,130281,75],{"class":62},[44,130283,130284],{"class":66},"meow",[44,130286,3479],{"class":62},[44,130288,130289],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,130290,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,130292,130293,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130307,130309,130311,130313,130315,130317,130319,130322,130324,130327],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,130294,130295],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,130297,55],{"class":54},[44,130299,75],{"class":62},[44,130301,22],{"class":66},[44,130303,3917],{"class":95},[44,130305,130306],{"class":66}," says ",[44,130308,3917],{"class":95},[44,130310,108],{"class":66},[44,130312,63],{"class":62},[44,130314,108],{"class":58},[44,130316,130013],{"class":111},[44,130318,157],{"class":58},[44,130320,130321],{"class":111},"animal",[44,130323,83],{"class":58},[44,130325,130326],{"class":111}," sound",[44,130328,162],{"class":58},[44,130330,130331,130333,130335,130338],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,130332,154],{"class":153},[44,130334,157],{"class":58},[44,130336,130337],{"class":111},"sentence",[44,130339,162],{"class":58},[20,130341,130342],{},[3868,130343,330],{},[35,130345,130347],{"className":37,"code":130346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130348,130349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130350,130351,130354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130352,130353],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130355,122322],{"class":58},[20,130357,130358],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130360,130362],{"id":130361},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130364,130365,130366,130368],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130367,3917],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130370,130372],{"className":37,"code":130371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130373,130374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130375,130376,130378,130380,130382,130385,130387,130389,130391,130393,130395,130397,130399,130401,130403,130406,130408,130410,130412,130415,130417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130377,154],{"class":153},[44,130379,157],{"class":58},[44,130381,63],{"class":62},[44,130383,130384],{"class":66},"I like ",[44,130386,3917],{"class":95},[44,130388,4523],{"class":66},[44,130390,3917],{"class":95},[44,130392,108],{"class":66},[44,130394,63],{"class":62},[44,130396,108],{"class":58},[44,130398,130013],{"class":111},[44,130400,157],{"class":58},[44,130402,63],{"class":62},[44,130404,130405],{"class":66},"pizza",[44,130407,63],{"class":62},[44,130409,83],{"class":58},[44,130411,75],{"class":62},[44,130413,130414],{"class":66},"pasta",[44,130416,63],{"class":62},[44,130418,1869],{"class":58},[20,130420,130421],{},[3868,130422,330],{},[35,130424,130426],{"className":37,"code":130425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130427,130428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130429,130430,130433,130435,130438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130431,130432],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130434,130055],{"class":54},[44,130436,130437],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130439,122322],{"class":58},[20,130441,130442,130443,4523,130446,108],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130444,130445],{},"{0}",[15,130447,130448],{},"{1}",[20,130450,130451],{},"This is helpful when:",[192,130453,130454,130457],{},[195,130455,130456],{},"you want to reuse a value",[195,130458,130459],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130461,130462],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130464,130466],{"className":37,"code":130465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130467,130468,130502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130469,130470,130472,130474,130476,130478,130481,130483,130486,130488,130490,130492,130494,130496,130498,130500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130471,34608],{"class":50},[44,130473,55],{"class":54},[44,130475,75],{"class":62},[44,130477,130445],{"class":95},[44,130479,130480],{"class":66}," is learning Python. ",[44,130482,130445],{"class":95},[44,130484,130485],{"class":66}," likes coding.",[44,130487,63],{"class":62},[44,130489,108],{"class":58},[44,130491,130013],{"class":111},[44,130493,157],{"class":58},[44,130495,63],{"class":62},[44,130497,19958],{"class":66},[44,130499,63],{"class":62},[44,130501,162],{"class":58},[44,130503,130504,130506,130508,130510],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130505,154],{"class":153},[44,130507,157],{"class":58},[44,130509,34629],{"class":111},[44,130511,162],{"class":58},[20,130513,130514],{},[3868,130515,330],{},[35,130517,130519],{"className":37,"code":130518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130520,130521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130522,130523,130526,130528,130531,130533,130536,130539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130524,130525],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,130527,12295],{"class":54},[44,130529,130530],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,130532,108],{"class":58},[44,130534,130535],{"class":1923}," Lina",[44,130537,130538],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,130540,122322],{"class":58},[20,130542,130543],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,130545,130547],{"className":37,"code":130546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130548,130549,130589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130550,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567,130569,130571,130573,130575,130577,130579,130581,130583,130585,130587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130552,34608],{"class":50},[44,130554,55],{"class":54},[44,130556,75],{"class":62},[44,130558,130448],{"class":95},[44,130560,83261],{"class":66},[44,130562,130445],{"class":95},[44,130564,108],{"class":66},[44,130566,63],{"class":62},[44,130568,108],{"class":58},[44,130570,130013],{"class":111},[44,130572,157],{"class":58},[44,130574,63],{"class":62},[44,130576,6715],{"class":66},[44,130578,63],{"class":62},[44,130580,83],{"class":58},[44,130582,75],{"class":62},[44,130584,79206],{"class":66},[44,130586,63],{"class":62},[44,130588,162],{"class":58},[44,130590,130591,130593,130595,130597],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130592,154],{"class":153},[44,130594,157],{"class":58},[44,130596,34629],{"class":111},[44,130598,162],{"class":58},[20,130600,130601],{},[3868,130602,330],{},[35,130604,130606],{"className":37,"code":130605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130607,130608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130609,130610,130613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130611,130612],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,130614,122322],{"class":58},[20,130616,130617,130618,130620],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130619,3917],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,130622,130624],{"id":130623},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130626,130627,130628,108],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130629,130630],{},"{name}",[20,130632,130633,130634,72],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130635,126293],{},[35,130637,130639],{"className":37,"code":130638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130640,130641,130693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130642,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130656,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669,130671,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130644,34608],{"class":50},[44,130646,55],{"class":54},[44,130648,75],{"class":62},[44,130650,129997],{"class":66},[44,130652,130630],{"class":95},[44,130654,130655],{"class":66}," and I live in ",[44,130657,130658],{"class":95},"{city}",[44,130660,108],{"class":66},[44,130662,63],{"class":62},[44,130664,108],{"class":58},[44,130666,130013],{"class":111},[44,130668,157],{"class":58},[44,130670,67],{"class":463},[44,130672,55],{"class":54},[44,130674,63],{"class":62},[44,130676,78],{"class":66},[44,130678,63],{"class":62},[44,130680,83],{"class":58},[44,130682,1105],{"class":463},[44,130684,55],{"class":54},[44,130686,63],{"class":62},[44,130688,142],{"class":66},[44,130690,63],{"class":62},[44,130692,162],{"class":58},[44,130694,130695,130697,130699,130701],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130696,154],{"class":153},[44,130698,157],{"class":58},[44,130700,34629],{"class":111},[44,130702,162],{"class":58},[20,130704,130705],{},[3868,130706,330],{},[35,130708,130710],{"className":37,"code":130709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130711,130712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130713,130714,130716,130718,130721,130723,130726,130728,130731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130715,130047],{"class":50},[44,130717,12295],{"class":54},[44,130719,130720],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130722,130055],{"class":54},[44,130724,130725],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130727,4009],{"class":54},[44,130729,130730],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130732,122322],{"class":58},[20,130734,130735],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[192,130737,130738,130741,130744],{},[195,130739,130740],{},"they make code easier to read",[195,130742,130743],{},"they help when a string has many values",[195,130745,130746],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130748,223],{},[35,130750,130752],{"className":37,"code":130751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130753,130754,130806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130755,130756,130759,130761,130763,130766,130769,130772,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130792,130794,130796,130799,130801,130804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130757,130758],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130760,55],{"class":54},[44,130762,75],{"class":62},[44,130764,130765],{"class":66},"Student: ",[44,130767,130768],{"class":95},"{student}",[44,130770,130771],{"class":66},", Score: ",[44,130773,130774],{"class":95},"{score}",[44,130776,63],{"class":62},[44,130778,108],{"class":58},[44,130780,130013],{"class":111},[44,130782,157],{"class":58},[44,130784,277],{"class":463},[44,130786,55],{"class":54},[44,130788,63],{"class":62},[44,130790,130791],{"class":66},"Noah",[44,130793,63],{"class":62},[44,130795,83],{"class":58},[44,130797,130798],{"class":463}," score",[44,130800,55],{"class":54},[44,130802,130803],{"class":95},"95",[44,130805,162],{"class":58},[44,130807,130808,130810,130812,130814],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130809,154],{"class":153},[44,130811,157],{"class":58},[44,130813,128003],{"class":111},[44,130815,162],{"class":58},[20,130817,130818],{},[3868,130819,330],{},[35,130821,130823],{"className":37,"code":130822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130824,130825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130826,130827,130830,130832,130835,130837,130840,130842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130828,130829],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130831,72],{"class":58},[44,130833,130834],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130836,83],{"class":58},[44,130838,130839],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130841,72],{"class":58},[44,130843,130844],{"class":95}," 95\n",[20,130846,130847,130848,108],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[395,130849,3697,130850,3630],{"href":42102},[15,130851,47613],{},[30,130853,130855],{"id":130854},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130857,130858,130860],{},[15,130859,126293],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130862,130863,130864,130867],{},"A common example is ",[15,130865,130866],{},":.2f",", which means:",[192,130869,130870,130873],{},[195,130871,130872],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[195,130874,130875],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130877,223],{},[35,130879,130881],{"className":37,"code":130880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130882,130883,130891,130920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130884,130885,130887,130889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130886,40313],{"class":50},[44,130888,55],{"class":54},[44,130890,49206],{"class":95},[44,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130894,34608],{"class":50},[44,130896,55],{"class":54},[44,130898,75],{"class":62},[44,130900,130901],{"class":66},"Price: $",[44,130903,340],{"class":95},[44,130905,130866],{"class":2182},[44,130907,22373],{"class":95},[44,130909,63],{"class":62},[44,130911,108],{"class":58},[44,130913,130013],{"class":111},[44,130915,157],{"class":58},[44,130917,25218],{"class":111},[44,130919,162],{"class":58},[44,130921,130922,130924,130926,130928],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,130923,154],{"class":153},[44,130925,157],{"class":58},[44,130927,34629],{"class":111},[44,130929,162],{"class":58},[20,130931,130932],{},[3868,130933,330],{},[35,130935,130937],{"className":37,"code":130936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130938,130939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130940,130941,130944,130946,130949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130942,130943],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130945,72],{"class":58},[44,130947,130948],{"class":37291}," $",[44,130950,130951],{"class":95},"3.50\n",[20,130953,52011],{},[35,130955,130957],{"className":37,"code":130956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130958,130959,130969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130960,130961,130964,130966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130962,130963],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130965,55],{"class":54},[44,130967,130968],{"class":95}," 91.236\n",[44,130970,130971,130973,130975,130977,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990,130992,130994,130997],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,130972,154],{"class":153},[44,130974,157],{"class":58},[44,130976,63],{"class":62},[44,130978,130979],{"class":66},"Average: ",[44,130981,340],{"class":95},[44,130983,130866],{"class":2182},[44,130985,22373],{"class":95},[44,130987,63],{"class":62},[44,130989,108],{"class":58},[44,130991,130013],{"class":111},[44,130993,157],{"class":58},[44,130995,130996],{"class":111},"average",[44,130998,1869],{"class":58},[20,131000,131001],{},[3868,131002,330],{},[35,131004,131006],{"className":37,"code":131005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131007,131008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131009,131010,131013,131015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131011,131012],{"class":50},"Average",[44,131014,72],{"class":58},[44,131016,131017],{"class":95}," 91.24\n",[20,131019,131020],{},"This is useful for:",[192,131022,131023,131025,131028],{},[195,131024,83019],{},[195,131026,131027],{},"averages",[195,131029,131030],{},"percentages",[20,131032,131033,131034,108],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[395,131035,3697,131036,2420],{"href":46378},[15,131037,46381],{},[30,131039,1293],{"id":1292},[20,131041,131042,92456],{},[15,131043,126293],{},[20,131045,131046],{},"That means you can:",[192,131048,131049,131052,131055],{},[195,131050,131051],{},"save it in a variable",[195,131053,131054],{},"print it directly",[195,131056,131057],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131059,223],{},[35,131061,131063],{"className":37,"code":131062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131064,131065,131096,131106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131066,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131092,131094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131068,89942],{"class":50},[44,131070,55],{"class":54},[44,131072,75],{"class":62},[44,131074,44830],{"class":66},[44,131076,3917],{"class":95},[44,131078,89783],{"class":66},[44,131080,63],{"class":62},[44,131082,108],{"class":58},[44,131084,130013],{"class":111},[44,131086,157],{"class":58},[44,131088,63],{"class":62},[44,131090,131091],{"class":66},"Chris",[44,131093,63],{"class":62},[44,131095,162],{"class":58},[44,131097,131098,131100,131102,131104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131099,154],{"class":153},[44,131101,157],{"class":58},[44,131103,89959],{"class":111},[44,131105,162],{"class":58},[44,131107,131108,131110,131112,131114,131116,131118],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,131109,154],{"class":153},[44,131111,157],{"class":58},[44,131113,1862],{"class":1861},[44,131115,157],{"class":58},[44,131117,89959],{"class":111},[44,131119,1869],{"class":58},[20,131121,131122],{},[3868,131123,330],{},[35,131125,131127],{"className":37,"code":131126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131128,131129,131138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131130,131131,131133,131135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131132,34788],{"class":50},[44,131134,83],{"class":58},[44,131136,131137],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,131139,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131141,3411],{"class":54},[44,131143,3414],{"class":2182},[44,131145,352],{"class":62},[44,131147,3564],{"class":66},[44,131149,343],{"class":62},[44,131151,3423],{"class":54},[20,131153,131154],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,131156,131158,131160],{"id":131157},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131159,126293],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131162,131163,131165],{},[15,131164,126293],{}," is a string method.",[20,131167,131168],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131170,45969,131171,72],{},[15,131172,126293],{},[35,131174,131176],{"className":37,"code":131175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131177,131178,131191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131179,131180,131182,131184,131186,131189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131181,8007],{"class":50},[44,131183,55],{"class":54},[44,131185,75],{"class":62},[44,131187,131188],{"class":66},"Rita",[44,131190,3479],{"class":62},[44,131192,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131215],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131194,154],{"class":153},[44,131196,157],{"class":58},[44,131198,63],{"class":62},[44,131200,44830],{"class":66},[44,131202,3917],{"class":95},[44,131204,89783],{"class":66},[44,131206,63],{"class":62},[44,131208,108],{"class":58},[44,131210,130013],{"class":111},[44,131212,157],{"class":58},[44,131214,67],{"class":111},[44,131216,1869],{"class":58},[20,131218,131219],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,131221,131223],{"className":37,"code":131222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131224,131225,131237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131226,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131228,8007],{"class":50},[44,131230,55],{"class":54},[44,131232,75],{"class":62},[44,131234,131188],{"class":66},[44,131236,3479],{"class":62},[44,131238,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131256],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131240,154],{"class":153},[44,131242,157],{"class":58},[44,131244,22364],{"class":2182},[44,131246,43274],{"class":66},[44,131248,340],{"class":95},[44,131250,67],{"class":111},[44,131252,22373],{"class":95},[44,131254,131255],{"class":66},"!\"",[44,131257,162],{"class":58},[20,131259,131260],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131262,131263,131264,131266,131267,108],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131265,126293],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[395,131268,89628],{"href":89627},[30,131270,1803],{"id":1802},[20,131272,131273,131274,108],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131275,126293],{},[1960,131277,131279],{"id":131278},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131281,131282],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,131284,131286],{"className":37,"code":131285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131287,131288,131321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131289,131290,131292,131294,131296,131298,131300,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131315,131317,131319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131291,34608],{"class":50},[44,131293,55],{"class":54},[44,131295,75],{"class":62},[44,131297,44830],{"class":66},[44,131299,3917],{"class":95},[44,131301,131302],{"class":95}," {}",[44,131304,89783],{"class":66},[44,131306,63],{"class":62},[44,131308,108],{"class":58},[44,131310,130013],{"class":111},[44,131312,157],{"class":58},[44,131314,63],{"class":62},[44,131316,470],{"class":66},[44,131318,63],{"class":62},[44,131320,162],{"class":58},[44,131322,131323,131325,131327,131329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131324,154],{"class":153},[44,131326,157],{"class":58},[44,131328,34629],{"class":111},[44,131330,162],{"class":58},[20,131332,131333],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131335,131336],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131338,131340],{"className":37,"code":131339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131341,131342,131383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131343,131344,131346,131348,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376,131379,131381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131345,34608],{"class":50},[44,131347,55],{"class":54},[44,131349,75],{"class":62},[44,131351,44830],{"class":66},[44,131353,3917],{"class":95},[44,131355,131302],{"class":95},[44,131357,89783],{"class":66},[44,131359,63],{"class":62},[44,131361,108],{"class":58},[44,131363,130013],{"class":111},[44,131365,157],{"class":58},[44,131367,63],{"class":62},[44,131369,470],{"class":66},[44,131371,63],{"class":62},[44,131373,83],{"class":58},[44,131375,75],{"class":62},[44,131377,131378],{"class":66},"Lee",[44,131380,63],{"class":62},[44,131382,162],{"class":58},[44,131384,131385,131387,131389,131391],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131386,154],{"class":153},[44,131388,157],{"class":58},[44,131390,34629],{"class":111},[44,131392,162],{"class":58},[1960,131394,131396],{"id":131395},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131398,131399,131400,108],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131401,126293],{},[20,131403,131404],{},"Problem:",[35,131406,131408],{"className":37,"code":131407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131409,131410,131444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131411,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131413,34608],{"class":50},[44,131415,55],{"class":54},[44,131417,75],{"class":62},[44,131419,44830],{"class":66},[44,131421,130630],{"class":95},[44,131423,89783],{"class":66},[44,131425,63],{"class":62},[44,131427,108],{"class":58},[44,131429,130013],{"class":111},[44,131431,157],{"class":58},[44,131433,8116],{"class":463},[44,131435,55],{"class":54},[44,131437,63],{"class":62},[44,131439,470],{"class":66},[44,131441,63],{"class":62},[44,131443,162],{"class":58},[44,131445,131446,131448,131450,131452],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131447,154],{"class":153},[44,131449,157],{"class":58},[44,131451,34629],{"class":111},[44,131453,162],{"class":58},[20,131455,131336],{},[35,131457,131459],{"className":37,"code":131458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131460,131461,131495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131462,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131464,34608],{"class":50},[44,131466,55],{"class":54},[44,131468,75],{"class":62},[44,131470,44830],{"class":66},[44,131472,130630],{"class":95},[44,131474,89783],{"class":66},[44,131476,63],{"class":62},[44,131478,108],{"class":58},[44,131480,130013],{"class":111},[44,131482,157],{"class":58},[44,131484,67],{"class":463},[44,131486,55],{"class":54},[44,131488,63],{"class":62},[44,131490,470],{"class":66},[44,131492,63],{"class":62},[44,131494,162],{"class":58},[44,131496,131497,131499,131501,131503],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131498,154],{"class":153},[44,131500,157],{"class":58},[44,131502,34629],{"class":111},[44,131504,162],{"class":58},[1960,131506,1821,131508,131510],{"id":131507},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131509,126293],{}," to change the original string",[20,131512,131513,131515],{},[15,131514,126293],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131517,131404],{},[35,131519,131521],{"className":37,"code":131520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131522,131523,131537,131555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131524,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131526,34608],{"class":50},[44,131528,55],{"class":54},[44,131530,75],{"class":62},[44,131532,44830],{"class":66},[44,131534,3917],{"class":95},[44,131536,3479],{"class":62},[44,131538,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131540,34629],{"class":50},[44,131542,108],{"class":58},[44,131544,130013],{"class":111},[44,131546,157],{"class":58},[44,131548,63],{"class":62},[44,131550,470],{"class":66},[44,131552,63],{"class":62},[44,131554,162],{"class":58},[44,131556,131557,131559,131561,131563],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,131558,154],{"class":153},[44,131560,157],{"class":58},[44,131562,34629],{"class":111},[44,131564,162],{"class":58},[20,131566,131567],{},[3868,131568,330],{},[35,131570,131572],{"className":37,"code":131571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131573,131574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131575,131576,131578,131580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131577,34788],{"class":50},[44,131579,83],{"class":58},[44,131581,1238],{"class":58},[20,131583,131336],{},[35,131585,131587],{"className":37,"code":131586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131588,131589,131603,131625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131590,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131592,34608],{"class":50},[44,131594,55],{"class":54},[44,131596,75],{"class":62},[44,131598,44830],{"class":66},[44,131600,3917],{"class":95},[44,131602,3479],{"class":62},[44,131604,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131606,34608],{"class":50},[44,131608,55],{"class":54},[44,131610,42769],{"class":50},[44,131612,108],{"class":58},[44,131614,130013],{"class":111},[44,131616,157],{"class":58},[44,131618,63],{"class":62},[44,131620,470],{"class":66},[44,131622,63],{"class":62},[44,131624,162],{"class":58},[44,131626,131627,131629,131631,131633],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,131628,154],{"class":153},[44,131630,157],{"class":58},[44,131632,34629],{"class":111},[44,131634,162],{"class":58},[1960,131636,4836,131638,131640],{"id":131637},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131639,126293],{}," returns a new string",[20,131642,131643],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1960,131645,131647],{"id":131646},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131649,131650],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131652,131653,131654,131656],{},"Use simple ",[15,131655,3917],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131658,131659,131660,108],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[395,131661,90341],{"href":90340},[30,131663,67830],{"id":67829},[20,131665,131666],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,131668,131670],{"className":37,"code":131669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131671,131672,131682,131696,131725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131673,131674,131676,131678,131680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131675,154],{"class":153},[44,131677,157],{"class":58},[44,131679,34629],{"class":111},[44,131681,162],{"class":58},[44,131683,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692,131694],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131685,154],{"class":153},[44,131687,157],{"class":58},[44,131689,1862],{"class":1861},[44,131691,157],{"class":58},[44,131693,2590],{"class":111},[44,131695,1869],{"class":58},[44,131697,131698,131700,131702,131704,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717,131719,131721,131723],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,131699,154],{"class":153},[44,131701,157],{"class":58},[44,131703,63],{"class":62},[44,131705,131706],{"class":66},"Hello ",[44,131708,3917],{"class":95},[44,131710,63],{"class":62},[44,131712,108],{"class":58},[44,131714,130013],{"class":111},[44,131716,157],{"class":58},[44,131718,63],{"class":62},[44,131720,470],{"class":66},[44,131722,63],{"class":62},[44,131724,1869],{"class":58},[44,131726,131727,131729,131731,131733,131735,131737],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,131728,1913],{"class":153},[44,131730,157],{"class":58},[44,131732,3564],{"class":1861},[44,131734,108],{"class":58},[44,131736,130013],{"class":1923},[44,131738,162],{"class":58},[20,131740,131741],{},"Use them to check:",[192,131743,131744,131747,131750,131753],{},[195,131745,131746],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[195,131748,131749],{},"what type your value has",[195,131751,131752],{},"whether a small test example works",[195,131754,131755,131756],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131757,131758],{},"str.format",[30,131760,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,131762,129794,131764,12814],{"id":131763},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131765,126293],{},[20,131767,131768],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1960,131770,131772],{"id":131771},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131774,131775,131776,131778],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131777,3917],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1960,131780,131782,131783,2610],{"id":131781},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131784,126293],{},[20,131786,131787,131788,131791],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131789,131790],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1960,131793,14989,131795,131797],{"id":131794},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131796,126293],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131799,131800,131801,131803],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131802,126293],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,131805,2020],{"id":2019},[192,131807,131808,131812,131816,131822,131828],{},[195,131809,131810],{},[395,131811,125045],{"href":50906},[195,131813,131814],{},[395,131815,90618],{"href":89627},[195,131817,131818],{},[395,131819,3697,131820,3630],{"href":46378},[15,131821,46381],{},[195,131823,131824],{},[395,131825,3697,131826,3630],{"href":42102},[15,131827,47613],{},[195,131829,131830],{},[395,131831,90341],{"href":90340},[2048,131833,131834],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":131836},[131837,131838,131840,131841,131842,131843,131844,131845,131847,131856,131857,131866],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":130080,"depth":102,"text":131839},"What the format() method does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":130361,"depth":102,"text":130362},{"id":130623,"depth":102,"text":130624},{"id":130854,"depth":102,"text":130855},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":131157,"depth":102,"text":131846},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":131848},[131849,131850,131851,131853,131855],{"id":131278,"depth":150,"text":131279},{"id":131395,"depth":150,"text":131396},{"id":131507,"depth":150,"text":131852},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131637,"depth":150,"text":131854},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131646,"depth":150,"text":131647},{"id":67829,"depth":102,"text":67830},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":131858},[131859,131861,131862,131864],{"id":131763,"depth":150,"text":131860},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131771,"depth":150,"text":131772},{"id":131781,"depth":150,"text":131863},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131794,"depth":150,"text":131865},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129940,"description":131867},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131874,"title":131875,"body":131876,"description":133356,"extension":2080,"meta":133357,"navigation":682,"path":133358,"seo":133359,"stem":133360,"__hash__":133361},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131877,"toc":133328},[131878,131883,131888,131893,131895,131957,131964,131970,131975,131977,131993,131995,132066,132068,132082,132085,132135,132137,132139,132166,132169,132184,132187,132228,132231,132276,132283,132332,132334,132342,132344,132362,132364,132457,132465,132506,132511,132518,132524,132531,132534,132538,132639,132641,132663,132667,132720,132723,132726,132732,132739,132741,132780,132782,132800,132810,132817,132900,132903,132910,132917,132924,132928,132936,132982,132986,132995,133060,133065,133070,133081,133083,133088,133115,133117,133220,133223,133243,133245,133250,133253,133257,133261,133268,133277,133283,133286,133292,133294,133296,133325],[10,131879,123290,131881,18],{"id":131880},"python-string-index-method",[15,131882,58901],{},[20,131884,123295,131885,131887],{},[15,131886,58901],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131889,131890,131891,108],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131892,40630],{},[30,131894,33],{"id":32},[35,131896,131898],{"className":37,"code":131897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131899,131900,131912,131934,131944,131948,131952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131901,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131903,34608],{"class":50},[44,131905,55],{"class":54},[44,131907,75],{"class":62},[44,131909,60340],{"class":66},[44,131911,3479],{"class":62},[44,131913,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,131915,64854],{"class":50},[44,131917,55],{"class":54},[44,131919,42769],{"class":50},[44,131921,108],{"class":58},[44,131923,35768],{"class":111},[44,131925,157],{"class":58},[44,131927,63],{"class":62},[44,131929,60525],{"class":66},[44,131931,63],{"class":62},[44,131933,162],{"class":58},[44,131935,131936,131938,131940,131942],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,131937,154],{"class":153},[44,131939,157],{"class":58},[44,131941,64881],{"class":111},[44,131943,162],{"class":58},[44,131945,131946],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,131947,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,131949,131950],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,131951,90759],{"class":168},[44,131953,131954],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,131955,131956],{"class":168},"# 6\n",[20,131958,172,131959,131961,131962,108],{},[15,131960,58901],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131963,40630],{},[30,131965,179,131967,182],{"id":131966},"what-strindex-does",[15,131968,131969],{},"str.index()",[20,131971,131972,131974],{},[15,131973,131969],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131976,13148],{},[192,131978,131979,131982,131985,131988],{},[195,131980,131981],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[195,131983,131984],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[195,131986,131987],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[195,131989,30360,131990,131992],{},[15,131991,40630],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131994,223],{},[35,131996,131998],{"className":37,"code":131997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131999,132000,132012,132016,132041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132001,132002,132004,132006,132008,132010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132003,34608],{"class":50},[44,132005,55],{"class":54},[44,132007,75],{"class":62},[44,132009,4216],{"class":66},[44,132011,3479],{"class":62},[44,132013,132014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132015,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,132017,132018,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032,132034,132036,132038],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132019,154],{"class":153},[44,132021,157],{"class":58},[44,132023,34629],{"class":111},[44,132025,108],{"class":58},[44,132027,35768],{"class":111},[44,132029,157],{"class":58},[44,132031,63],{"class":62},[44,132033,395],{"class":66},[44,132035,63],{"class":62},[44,132037,5491],{"class":58},[44,132039,132040],{"class":168},"     # 1\n",[44,132042,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,132044,154],{"class":153},[44,132046,157],{"class":58},[44,132048,34629],{"class":111},[44,132050,108],{"class":58},[44,132052,35768],{"class":111},[44,132054,157],{"class":58},[44,132056,63],{"class":62},[44,132058,123383],{"class":66},[44,132060,63],{"class":62},[44,132062,5491],{"class":58},[44,132064,132065],{"class":168},"    # 2\n",[20,132067,2296],{},[192,132069,132070,132076],{},[195,132071,132072,128503,132074],{},[15,132073,18174],{},[15,132075,3108],{},[195,132077,132078,128503,132080],{},[15,132079,128502],{},[15,132081,2173],{},[20,132083,132084],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,132086,132088],{"className":37,"code":132087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132089,132090,132102,132106,132130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132091,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132093,34608],{"class":50},[44,132095,55],{"class":54},[44,132097,75],{"class":62},[44,132099,34788],{"class":66},[44,132101,3479],{"class":62},[44,132103,132104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132105,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,132107,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126,132128],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132109,154],{"class":153},[44,132111,157],{"class":58},[44,132113,34629],{"class":111},[44,132115,108],{"class":58},[44,132117,35768],{"class":111},[44,132119,157],{"class":58},[44,132121,63],{"class":62},[44,132123,51122],{"class":66},[44,132125,63],{"class":62},[44,132127,5491],{"class":58},[44,132129,20840],{"class":168},[44,132131,132132],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,132133,132134],{"class":168},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,132136,402],{"id":401},[20,132138,2277],{},[35,132140,132142],{"className":37,"code":132141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132143,132144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132145,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132147,61108],{"class":50},[44,132149,108],{"class":58},[44,132151,35768],{"class":111},[44,132153,157],{"class":58},[44,132155,2590],{"class":111},[44,132157,83],{"class":58},[44,132159,35974],{"class":111},[44,132161,83],{"class":58},[44,132163,64975],{"class":111},[44,132165,162],{"class":58},[20,132167,132168],{},"Parameters:",[192,132170,132171,132175,132179],{},[195,132172,132173,123482],{},[15,132174,2590],{},[195,132176,132177,128549],{},[15,132178,35995],{},[195,132180,132181,132183],{},[15,132182,52592],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132185,132186],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,132188,132190],{"className":37,"code":132189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132191,132192,132204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132193,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132195,34608],{"class":50},[44,132197,55],{"class":54},[44,132199,75],{"class":62},[44,132201,39],{"class":66},[44,132203,3479],{"class":62},[44,132205,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132207,154],{"class":153},[44,132209,157],{"class":58},[44,132211,34629],{"class":111},[44,132213,108],{"class":58},[44,132215,35768],{"class":111},[44,132217,157],{"class":58},[44,132219,63],{"class":62},[44,132221,63221],{"class":66},[44,132223,63],{"class":62},[44,132225,5491],{"class":58},[44,132227,51346],{"class":168},[20,132229,132230],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,132232,132234],{"className":37,"code":132233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132235,132236,132248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132237,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132239,34608],{"class":50},[44,132241,55],{"class":54},[44,132243,75],{"class":62},[44,132245,4216],{"class":66},[44,132247,3479],{"class":62},[44,132249,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132251,154],{"class":153},[44,132253,157],{"class":58},[44,132255,34629],{"class":111},[44,132257,108],{"class":58},[44,132259,35768],{"class":111},[44,132261,157],{"class":58},[44,132263,63],{"class":62},[44,132265,395],{"class":66},[44,132267,63],{"class":62},[44,132269,83],{"class":58},[44,132271,1012],{"class":95},[44,132273,5491],{"class":58},[44,132275,50701],{"class":168},[20,132277,132278,132279,4523,132281,72],{},"Or include both ",[15,132280,35995],{},[15,132282,52592],{},[35,132284,132286],{"className":37,"code":132285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132287,132288,132300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132289,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132291,34608],{"class":50},[44,132293,55],{"class":54},[44,132295,75],{"class":62},[44,132297,4216],{"class":66},[44,132299,3479],{"class":62},[44,132301,132302,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132303,154],{"class":153},[44,132305,157],{"class":58},[44,132307,34629],{"class":111},[44,132309,108],{"class":58},[44,132311,35768],{"class":111},[44,132313,157],{"class":58},[44,132315,63],{"class":62},[44,132317,395],{"class":66},[44,132319,63],{"class":62},[44,132321,83],{"class":58},[44,132323,1012],{"class":95},[44,132325,83],{"class":58},[44,132327,4736],{"class":95},[44,132329,5491],{"class":58},[44,132331,50701],{"class":168},[30,132333,37945],{"id":37944},[20,132335,28776,132336,132338,132339,108],{},[15,132337,58901],{}," is a ",[3868,132340,132341],{},"zero-based index",[20,132343,2224],{},[192,132345,132346,132352,132357],{},[195,132347,132348,132349,132351],{},"Index ",[15,132350,2237],{}," is the first character",[195,132353,132348,132354,132356],{},[15,132355,3108],{}," is the second character",[195,132358,132348,132359,132361],{},[15,132360,2173],{}," is the third character",[20,132363,223],{},[35,132365,132367],{"className":37,"code":132366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132368,132369,132381,132385,132409,132433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132370,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132372,34608],{"class":50},[44,132374,55],{"class":54},[44,132376,75],{"class":62},[44,132378,36971],{"class":66},[44,132380,3479],{"class":62},[44,132382,132383],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132384,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,132386,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132388,154],{"class":153},[44,132390,157],{"class":58},[44,132392,34629],{"class":111},[44,132394,108],{"class":58},[44,132396,35768],{"class":111},[44,132398,157],{"class":58},[44,132400,63],{"class":62},[44,132402,9855],{"class":66},[44,132404,63],{"class":62},[44,132406,5491],{"class":58},[44,132408,51178],{"class":168},[44,132410,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429,132431],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,132412,154],{"class":153},[44,132414,157],{"class":58},[44,132416,34629],{"class":111},[44,132418,108],{"class":58},[44,132420,35768],{"class":111},[44,132422,157],{"class":58},[44,132424,63],{"class":62},[44,132426,395],{"class":66},[44,132428,63],{"class":62},[44,132430,5491],{"class":58},[44,132432,27848],{"class":168},[44,132434,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,132436,154],{"class":153},[44,132438,157],{"class":58},[44,132440,34629],{"class":111},[44,132442,108],{"class":58},[44,132444,35768],{"class":111},[44,132446,157],{"class":58},[44,132448,63],{"class":62},[44,132450,63221],{"class":66},[44,132452,63],{"class":62},[44,132454,5491],{"class":58},[44,132456,51346],{"class":168},[20,132458,132459,132461,132462,132464],{},[15,132460,58901],{}," returns only the ",[3868,132463,29975],{}," matching position.",[35,132466,132468],{"className":37,"code":132467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132469,132470,132482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132471,132472,132474,132476,132478,132480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132473,34608],{"class":50},[44,132475,55],{"class":54},[44,132477,75],{"class":62},[44,132479,4216],{"class":66},[44,132481,3479],{"class":62},[44,132483,132484,132486,132488,132490,132492,132494,132496,132498,132500,132502,132504],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132485,154],{"class":153},[44,132487,157],{"class":58},[44,132489,34629],{"class":111},[44,132491,108],{"class":58},[44,132493,35768],{"class":111},[44,132495,157],{"class":58},[44,132497,63],{"class":62},[44,132499,395],{"class":66},[44,132501,63],{"class":62},[44,132503,5491],{"class":58},[44,132505,27848],{"class":168},[20,132507,21049,132508,132510],{},[15,132509,18174],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132512,132513,132514,108],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[395,132515,132516,10852],{"href":124740},[15,132517,58523],{},[30,132519,567,132520,4523,132522],{"id":65341},[15,132521,35995],{},[15,132523,52592],{},[20,132525,22,132526,4523,132528,132530],{},[15,132527,35995],{},[15,132529,52592],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132532,132533],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132535,45969,132536,72],{},[15,132537,35995],{},[35,132539,132541],{"className":37,"code":132540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132542,132543,132555,132559,132583,132611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132544,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132546,34608],{"class":50},[44,132548,55],{"class":54},[44,132550,75],{"class":62},[44,132552,4216],{"class":66},[44,132554,3479],{"class":62},[44,132556,132557],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132558,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,132560,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132562,154],{"class":153},[44,132564,157],{"class":58},[44,132566,34629],{"class":111},[44,132568,108],{"class":58},[44,132570,35768],{"class":111},[44,132572,157],{"class":58},[44,132574,63],{"class":62},[44,132576,395],{"class":66},[44,132578,63],{"class":62},[44,132580,5491],{"class":58},[44,132582,51051],{"class":168},[44,132584,132585,132587,132589,132591,132593,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607,132609],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,132586,154],{"class":153},[44,132588,157],{"class":58},[44,132590,34629],{"class":111},[44,132592,108],{"class":58},[44,132594,35768],{"class":111},[44,132596,157],{"class":58},[44,132598,63],{"class":62},[44,132600,395],{"class":66},[44,132602,63],{"class":62},[44,132604,83],{"class":58},[44,132606,1012],{"class":95},[44,132608,5491],{"class":58},[44,132610,50900],{"class":168},[44,132612,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,132614,154],{"class":153},[44,132616,157],{"class":58},[44,132618,34629],{"class":111},[44,132620,108],{"class":58},[44,132622,35768],{"class":111},[44,132624,157],{"class":58},[44,132626,63],{"class":62},[44,132628,395],{"class":66},[44,132630,63],{"class":62},[44,132632,83],{"class":58},[44,132634,2574],{"class":95},[44,132636,5491],{"class":58},[44,132638,50684],{"class":168},[20,132640,20031],{},[192,132642,132643,132650,132656],{},[195,132644,132645,132646,65531,132648],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132647,18174],{},[15,132649,3108],{},[195,132651,132652,132653,132655],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132654,2173],{}," skips that first match",[195,132657,132652,132658,132660,132661],{},[15,132659,2623],{}," finds the last ",[15,132662,18174],{},[20,132664,45969,132665,72],{},[15,132666,52592],{},[35,132668,132670],{"className":37,"code":132669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132671,132672,132684,132688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132673,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132675,34608],{"class":50},[44,132677,55],{"class":54},[44,132679,75],{"class":62},[44,132681,4216],{"class":66},[44,132683,3479],{"class":62},[44,132685,132686],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132687,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,132689,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132691,154],{"class":153},[44,132693,157],{"class":58},[44,132695,34629],{"class":111},[44,132697,108],{"class":58},[44,132699,35768],{"class":111},[44,132701,157],{"class":58},[44,132703,63],{"class":62},[44,132705,75965],{"class":66},[44,132707,63],{"class":62},[44,132709,83],{"class":58},[44,132711,3959],{"class":95},[44,132713,83],{"class":58},[44,132715,2574],{"class":95},[44,132717,5491],{"class":58},[44,132719,51346],{"class":168},[20,132721,132722],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132724,132725],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132727,44141,132729,132731],{"id":132728},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132730,58901],{}," causes an error",[20,132733,132734,132735,52426,132737,108],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132736,58901],{},[15,132738,40630],{},[20,132740,223],{},[35,132742,132744],{"className":37,"code":132743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132745,132746,132758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132747,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132749,34608],{"class":50},[44,132751,55],{"class":54},[44,132753,75],{"class":62},[44,132755,3971],{"class":66},[44,132757,3479],{"class":62},[44,132759,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132761,154],{"class":153},[44,132763,157],{"class":58},[44,132765,34629],{"class":111},[44,132767,108],{"class":58},[44,132769,35768],{"class":111},[44,132771,157],{"class":58},[44,132773,63],{"class":62},[44,132775,22148],{"class":66},[44,132777,63],{"class":62},[44,132779,1869],{"class":58},[20,132781,330],{},[35,132783,132785],{"className":37,"code":132784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132786,132787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132788,132789,132791,132793,132796,132798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132790,40630],{"class":1861},[44,132792,72],{"class":58},[44,132794,132795],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132797,4762],{"class":54},[44,132799,65764],{"class":50},[20,132801,53273,132802,126256,132807,132809],{},[395,132803,132804],{"href":129934},[15,132805,132806],{},"str.find()",[15,132808,65789],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132811,132812,132813,4523,132815,72],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132814,29870],{},[15,132816,29901],{},[35,132818,132820],{"className":37,"code":132819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132821,132822,132834,132838,132844,132867,132877,132885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132823,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132825,34608],{"class":50},[44,132827,55],{"class":54},[44,132829,75],{"class":62},[44,132831,3971],{"class":66},[44,132833,3479],{"class":62},[44,132835,132836],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132837,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,132839,132840,132842],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132841,29870],{"class":4002},[44,132843,6523],{"class":58},[44,132845,132846,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,132847,132848],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132850,55],{"class":54},[44,132852,42769],{"class":50},[44,132854,108],{"class":58},[44,132856,35768],{"class":111},[44,132858,157],{"class":58},[44,132860,63],{"class":62},[44,132862,22148],{"class":66},[44,132864,63],{"class":62},[44,132866,162],{"class":58},[44,132868,132869,132871,132873,132875],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,132870,8200],{"class":153},[44,132872,157],{"class":58},[44,132874,64881],{"class":111},[44,132876,162],{"class":58},[44,132878,132879,132881,132883],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,132880,29901],{"class":4002},[44,132882,41853],{"class":1861},[44,132884,6523],{"class":58},[44,132886,132887,132889,132891,132893,132896,132898],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,132888,8200],{"class":153},[44,132890,157],{"class":58},[44,132892,63],{"class":62},[44,132894,132895],{"class":66},"Substring not found",[44,132897,63],{"class":62},[44,132899,162],{"class":58},[20,132901,132902],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132904,41873,132905,108],{},[395,132906,25748,132908],{"href":132907},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132909,129261],{},[30,132911,132913,10698,132915],{"id":132912},"index-vs-find",[15,132914,58901],{},[15,132916,124285],{},[20,132918,132919,4523,132921,132923],{},[15,132920,58901],{},[15,132922,124285],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1960,132925,132926],{"id":35768},[15,132927,58901],{},[192,132929,132930,132933],{},[195,132931,132932],{},"Returns the first match position",[195,132934,132935],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132937,132939],{"className":37,"code":132938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132940,132941,132953,132977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132942,132943,132945,132947,132949,132951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132944,34608],{"class":50},[44,132946,55],{"class":54},[44,132948,75],{"class":62},[44,132950,3971],{"class":66},[44,132952,3479],{"class":62},[44,132954,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963,132965,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,132956,154],{"class":153},[44,132958,157],{"class":58},[44,132960,34629],{"class":111},[44,132962,108],{"class":58},[44,132964,35768],{"class":111},[44,132966,157],{"class":58},[44,132968,63],{"class":62},[44,132970,60381],{"class":66},[44,132972,63],{"class":62},[44,132974,5491],{"class":58},[44,132976,27848],{"class":168},[44,132978,132979],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,132980,132981],{"class":168},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1960,132983,132984],{"id":128315},[15,132985,124285],{},[192,132987,132988,132990],{},[195,132989,132932],{},[195,132991,11530,132992,132994],{},[15,132993,65789],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132996,132998],{"className":37,"code":132997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132999,133000,133012,133036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133001,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133003,34608],{"class":50},[44,133005,55],{"class":54},[44,133007,75],{"class":62},[44,133009,3971],{"class":66},[44,133011,3479],{"class":62},[44,133013,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022,133024,133026,133028,133030,133032,133034],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133015,154],{"class":153},[44,133017,157],{"class":58},[44,133019,34629],{"class":111},[44,133021,108],{"class":58},[44,133023,128315],{"class":111},[44,133025,157],{"class":58},[44,133027,63],{"class":62},[44,133029,60381],{"class":66},[44,133031,63],{"class":62},[44,133033,5491],{"class":58},[44,133035,27848],{"class":168},[44,133037,133038,133040,133042,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133039,154],{"class":153},[44,133041,157],{"class":58},[44,133043,34629],{"class":111},[44,133045,108],{"class":58},[44,133047,128315],{"class":111},[44,133049,157],{"class":58},[44,133051,63],{"class":62},[44,133053,22148],{"class":66},[44,133055,63],{"class":62},[44,133057,5491],{"class":58},[44,133059,128671],{"class":168},[20,133061,172,133062,133064],{},[15,133063,58901],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133066,172,133067,133069],{},[15,133068,124285],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133071,133072,133073,2997,133078,108],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[395,133074,133075,133077],{"href":129934},[15,133076,132806],{}," method reference",[395,133079,127326],{"href":133080},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,133082,1803],{"id":1802},[20,133084,133085,133086,72],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133087,58901],{},[192,133089,133090,133093,133100,133105,133110],{},[195,133091,133092],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[195,133094,1821,133095,8586,133097,133099],{},[15,133096,58901],{},[15,133098,65789],{}," when no match exists",[195,133101,567,133102,133104],{},[15,133103,58901],{}," on a value that may not be present",[195,133106,133107,133108],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133109,3108],{},[195,133111,4710,133112,133114],{},[15,133113,58901],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133116,62229],{},[35,133118,133120],{"className":37,"code":133119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133121,133122,133132,133146,133168,133190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133123,133124,133126,133128,133130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133125,154],{"class":153},[44,133127,157],{"class":58},[44,133129,34629],{"class":111},[44,133131,162],{"class":58},[44,133133,133134,133136,133138,133140,133142,133144],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133135,154],{"class":153},[44,133137,157],{"class":58},[44,133139,41706],{"class":153},[44,133141,157],{"class":58},[44,133143,34629],{"class":111},[44,133145,1869],{"class":58},[44,133147,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133149,154],{"class":153},[44,133151,157],{"class":58},[44,133153,34629],{"class":111},[44,133155,108],{"class":58},[44,133157,35768],{"class":111},[44,133159,157],{"class":58},[44,133161,63],{"class":62},[44,133163,2590],{"class":66},[44,133165,63],{"class":62},[44,133167,1869],{"class":58},[44,133169,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133180,133182,133184,133186,133188],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,133171,154],{"class":153},[44,133173,157],{"class":58},[44,133175,34629],{"class":111},[44,133177,108],{"class":58},[44,133179,128315],{"class":111},[44,133181,157],{"class":58},[44,133183,63],{"class":62},[44,133185,2590],{"class":66},[44,133187,63],{"class":62},[44,133189,1869],{"class":58},[44,133191,133192,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,133193,154],{"class":153},[44,133195,157],{"class":58},[44,133197,34629],{"class":111},[44,133199,108],{"class":58},[44,133201,35768],{"class":111},[44,133203,157],{"class":58},[44,133205,63],{"class":62},[44,133207,2590],{"class":66},[44,133209,63],{"class":62},[44,133211,83],{"class":58},[44,133213,35974],{"class":111},[44,133215,83],{"class":58},[44,133217,64975],{"class":111},[44,133219,1869],{"class":58},[20,133221,133222],{},"Tips:",[192,133224,133225,133230,133235,133238],{},[195,133226,172,133227,133229],{},[15,133228,126212],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[195,133231,172,133232,133234],{},[15,133233,124285],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[195,133236,133237],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[195,133239,133240,133241],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133242,2237],{},[30,133244,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,133246,129794,133248,12814],{"id":133247},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133249,58901],{},[20,133251,133252],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1960,133254,133256],{"id":133255},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133258,76793,133259,108],{},[15,133260,40630],{},[1960,133262,2007,133264,4523,133266,2610],{"id":133263},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133265,58901],{},[15,133267,124285],{},[20,133269,133270,133272,133273,1298,133275,6761],{},[15,133271,58901],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133274,124285],{},[15,133276,65789],{},[1960,133278,1984,133280,133282],{"id":133279},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133281,58901],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133284,133285],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1960,133287,133289,133290,124626],{"id":133288},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133291,58901],{},[20,133293,129819],{},[30,133295,2020],{"id":2019},[192,133297,133298,133304,133308,133313,133319],{},[195,133299,133300],{},[395,133301,133302,10852],{"href":129934},[15,133303,132806],{},[195,133305,133306],{},[395,133307,124689],{"href":133080},[195,133309,133310],{},[395,133311,129895],{"href":133312},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[195,133314,133315],{},[395,133316,133317,10852],{"href":124740},[15,133318,58523],{},[195,133320,133321],{},[395,133322,30414,133323],{"href":132907},[15,133324,129261],{},[2048,133326,133327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132912,"depth":102,"text":133339,"children":133340},"index() vs find()",[133341,133342],{"id":35768,"depth":150,"text":58901},{"id":128315,"depth":150,"text":124285},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":133345},[133346,133348,133349,133351,133353],{"id":133247,"depth":150,"text":133347},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133255,"depth":150,"text":133256},{"id":133263,"depth":150,"text":133350},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133279,"depth":150,"text":133352},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133288,"depth":150,"text":133354},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131875,"description":133356},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133363,"title":133364,"body":133365,"description":136140,"extension":2080,"meta":136141,"navigation":682,"path":136142,"seo":136143,"stem":136144,"__hash__":136145},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133366,"toc":136076},[133367,133373,133378,133381,133384,133395,133397,133466,133468,133482,133487,133492,133497,133499,133542,133544,133627,133629,133675,133681,133683,133685,133705,133707,133730,133732,133806,133808,133827,133832,133834,133838,133910,133912,133926,133930,134006,134008,134027,134031,134125,134127,134136,134143,134219,134221,134239,134243,134246,134253,134302,134304,134313,134320,134379,134381,134399,134402,134409,134468,134470,134488,134495,134552,134554,134563,134567,134572,134576,134635,134637,134655,134659,134706,134711,134714,134783,134785,134802,134809,134815,134870,134875,134878,134955,134957,134975,134981,134987,135047,135049,135068,135074,135077,135084,135137,135142,135144,135205,135214,135221,135223,135280,135285,135287,135358,135362,135417,135419,135428,135433,135439,135508,135510,135542,135548,135556,135563,135569,135634,135636,135645,135651,135732,135734,135743,135748,135762,135769,135773,135778,135806,135808,135941,135944,135981,135983,135989,135998,136003,136006,136011,136016,136022,136025,136034,136037,136039,136068,136073],[10,133368,123290,133370,18],{"id":133369},"python-string-join-method",[15,133371,133372],{},"join()",[20,133374,123295,133375,133377],{},[15,133376,133372],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133379,133380],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133382,133383],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[192,133385,133386,133392],{},[195,133387,133388,133389,133391],{},"You call ",[15,133390,133372],{}," on the separator string",[195,133393,133394],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133396,3731],{"id":3730},[35,133398,133400],{"className":37,"code":133399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133401,133402,133435,133456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133403,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133431,133433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133405,4198],{"class":50},[44,133407,55],{"class":54},[44,133409,3746],{"class":58},[44,133411,63],{"class":62},[44,133413,7428],{"class":66},[44,133415,63],{"class":62},[44,133417,83],{"class":58},[44,133419,75],{"class":62},[44,133421,12295],{"class":66},[44,133423,63],{"class":62},[44,133425,83],{"class":58},[44,133427,75],{"class":62},[44,133429,133430],{"class":66},"fun",[44,133432,63],{"class":62},[44,133434,3759],{"class":58},[44,133436,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445,133447,133450,133452,133454],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133438,1340],{"class":50},[44,133440,55],{"class":54},[44,133442,75],{"class":62},[44,133444,75],{"class":62},[44,133446,108],{"class":58},[44,133448,133449],{"class":111},"join",[44,133451,157],{"class":58},[44,133453,4242],{"class":111},[44,133455,162],{"class":58},[44,133457,133458,133460,133462,133464],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133459,154],{"class":153},[44,133461,157],{"class":58},[44,133463,1376],{"class":111},[44,133465,162],{"class":58},[20,133467,330],{},[35,133469,133471],{"className":37,"code":133470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133472,133473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133474,133475,133477,133479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133476,3697],{"class":50},[44,133478,12295],{"class":54},[44,133480,133481],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133483,172,133484,133486],{},[15,133485,133372],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133488,179,133490,182],{"id":133489},"what-join-does",[15,133491,133372],{},[20,133493,133494,133496],{},[15,133495,133372],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133498,11564],{},[192,133500,133501,133508,133536,133539],{},[195,133502,133503,133504,133507],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133505,133506],{},".join()"," as the separator",[195,133509,133510,133511],{},"Common separators are:\n",[192,133512,133513,133519,133525,133531],{},[195,133514,133515,133518],{},[15,133516,133517],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[195,133520,133521,133524],{},[15,133522,133523],{},"\", \""," for commas",[195,133526,133527,133530],{},[15,133528,133529],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[195,133532,133533,133535],{},[15,133534,6401],{}," for no separator",[195,133537,133538],{},"It returns a new string",[195,133540,133541],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133543,223],{},[35,133545,133547],{"className":37,"code":133546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133548,133549,133581,133603,133607,133617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133550,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133552,4198],{"class":50},[44,133554,55],{"class":54},[44,133556,3746],{"class":58},[44,133558,63],{"class":62},[44,133560,13189],{"class":66},[44,133562,63],{"class":62},[44,133564,83],{"class":58},[44,133566,75],{"class":62},[44,133568,17534],{"class":66},[44,133570,63],{"class":62},[44,133572,83],{"class":58},[44,133574,75],{"class":62},[44,133576,13206],{"class":66},[44,133578,63],{"class":62},[44,133580,3759],{"class":58},[44,133582,133583,133585,133587,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133584,1340],{"class":50},[44,133586,55],{"class":54},[44,133588,75],{"class":62},[44,133590,2307],{"class":66},[44,133592,63],{"class":62},[44,133594,108],{"class":58},[44,133596,133449],{"class":111},[44,133598,157],{"class":58},[44,133600,4242],{"class":111},[44,133602,162],{"class":58},[44,133604,133605],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133606,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,133608,133609,133611,133613,133615],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,133610,154],{"class":153},[44,133612,157],{"class":58},[44,133614,1376],{"class":111},[44,133616,162],{"class":58},[44,133618,133619,133621,133623,133625],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,133620,154],{"class":153},[44,133622,157],{"class":58},[44,133624,4242],{"class":111},[44,133626,162],{"class":58},[20,133628,330],{},[35,133630,133632],{"className":37,"code":133631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133633,133634,133647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133635,133636,133638,133640,133643,133645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133637,13189],{"class":50},[44,133639,83],{"class":58},[44,133641,133642],{"class":50}," green",[44,133644,83],{"class":58},[44,133646,35803],{"class":50},[44,133648,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133650,4027],{"class":58},[44,133652,343],{"class":62},[44,133654,13189],{"class":66},[44,133656,343],{"class":62},[44,133658,83],{"class":58},[44,133660,352],{"class":62},[44,133662,17534],{"class":66},[44,133664,343],{"class":62},[44,133666,83],{"class":58},[44,133668,352],{"class":62},[44,133670,13206],{"class":66},[44,133672,343],{"class":62},[44,133674,3759],{"class":58},[20,133676,133677,133678,133680],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133679,133372],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133682,402],{"id":401},[20,133684,7349],{},[35,133686,133688],{"className":37,"code":133687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133689,133690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133691,133692,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133693,133694],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133696,108],{"class":58},[44,133698,133449],{"class":111},[44,133700,157],{"class":58},[44,133702,3845],{"class":111},[44,133704,162],{"class":58},[1960,133706,48940],{"id":48939},[192,133708,133709,133722,133727],{},[195,133710,133711,133713,133714,2307,133716,2307,133718,2311,133720],{},[15,133712,133694],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133715,133517],{},[15,133717,133523],{},[15,133719,133529],{},[15,133721,6401],{},[195,133723,133724,133726],{},[15,133725,3845],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[195,133728,133729],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133731,223],{},[35,133733,133735],{"className":37,"code":133734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133736,133737,133769,133792,133796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133738,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133740,5126],{"class":50},[44,133742,55],{"class":54},[44,133744,3746],{"class":58},[44,133746,63],{"class":62},[44,133748,78],{"class":66},[44,133750,63],{"class":62},[44,133752,83],{"class":58},[44,133754,75],{"class":62},[44,133756,35863],{"class":66},[44,133758,63],{"class":62},[44,133760,83],{"class":58},[44,133762,75],{"class":62},[44,133764,35872],{"class":66},[44,133766,63],{"class":62},[44,133768,3759],{"class":58},[44,133770,133771,133773,133775,133777,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133772,1340],{"class":50},[44,133774,55],{"class":54},[44,133776,75],{"class":62},[44,133778,133779],{"class":66}," | ",[44,133781,63],{"class":62},[44,133783,108],{"class":58},[44,133785,133449],{"class":111},[44,133787,157],{"class":58},[44,133789,5170],{"class":111},[44,133791,162],{"class":58},[44,133793,133794],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133795,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,133797,133798,133800,133802,133804],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,133799,154],{"class":153},[44,133801,157],{"class":58},[44,133803,1376],{"class":111},[44,133805,162],{"class":58},[20,133807,330],{},[35,133809,133811],{"className":37,"code":133810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133812,133813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133814,133815,133818,133820,133823,133825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133816,133817],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133819,113797],{"class":54},[44,133821,133822],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133824,113797],{"class":54},[44,133826,35944],{"class":50},[20,133828,133829,133830,108],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[395,133831,125045],{"href":50906},[30,133833,121821],{"id":121820},[1960,133835,133837],{"id":133836},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133839,133841],{"className":37,"code":133840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133842,133843,133876,133896,133900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133844,133845,133847,133849,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133872,133874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133846,4198],{"class":50},[44,133848,55],{"class":54},[44,133850,3746],{"class":58},[44,133852,63],{"class":62},[44,133854,7428],{"class":66},[44,133856,63],{"class":62},[44,133858,83],{"class":58},[44,133860,75],{"class":62},[44,133862,12295],{"class":66},[44,133864,63],{"class":62},[44,133866,83],{"class":58},[44,133868,75],{"class":62},[44,133870,133871],{"class":66},"easy",[44,133873,63],{"class":62},[44,133875,3759],{"class":58},[44,133877,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133879,1340],{"class":50},[44,133881,55],{"class":54},[44,133883,75],{"class":62},[44,133885,75],{"class":62},[44,133887,108],{"class":58},[44,133889,133449],{"class":111},[44,133891,157],{"class":58},[44,133893,4242],{"class":111},[44,133895,162],{"class":58},[44,133897,133898],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133899,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,133901,133902,133904,133906,133908],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,133903,154],{"class":153},[44,133905,157],{"class":58},[44,133907,1376],{"class":111},[44,133909,162],{"class":58},[20,133911,330],{},[35,133913,133915],{"className":37,"code":133914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133916,133917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133918,133919,133921,133923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133920,3697],{"class":50},[44,133922,12295],{"class":54},[44,133924,133925],{"class":50}," easy\n",[1960,133927,133929],{"id":133928},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133931,133933],{"className":37,"code":133932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133934,133935,133970,133992,133996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133936,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133948,133950,133952,133954,133957,133959,133961,133963,133966,133968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133938,7910],{"class":50},[44,133940,55],{"class":54},[44,133942,3746],{"class":58},[44,133944,63],{"class":62},[44,133946,133947],{"class":66},"apples",[44,133949,63],{"class":62},[44,133951,83],{"class":58},[44,133953,75],{"class":62},[44,133955,133956],{"class":66},"bananas",[44,133958,63],{"class":62},[44,133960,83],{"class":58},[44,133962,75],{"class":62},[44,133964,133965],{"class":66},"oranges",[44,133967,63],{"class":62},[44,133969,3759],{"class":58},[44,133971,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,133973,1340],{"class":50},[44,133975,55],{"class":54},[44,133977,75],{"class":62},[44,133979,2307],{"class":66},[44,133981,63],{"class":62},[44,133983,108],{"class":58},[44,133985,133449],{"class":111},[44,133987,157],{"class":58},[44,133989,7940],{"class":111},[44,133991,162],{"class":58},[44,133993,133994],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,133995,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,133997,133998,134000,134002,134004],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,133999,154],{"class":153},[44,134001,157],{"class":58},[44,134003,1376],{"class":111},[44,134005,162],{"class":58},[20,134007,330],{},[35,134009,134011],{"className":37,"code":134010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134012,134013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134014,134015,134017,134019,134022,134024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134016,133947],{"class":50},[44,134018,83],{"class":58},[44,134020,134021],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,134023,83],{"class":58},[44,134025,134026],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[1960,134028,134030],{"id":134029},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,134032,134034],{"className":37,"code":134033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134035,134036,134093,134111,134115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134037,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134049,134051,134053,134055,134057,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134039,36013],{"class":50},[44,134041,55],{"class":54},[44,134043,3746],{"class":58},[44,134045,63],{"class":62},[44,134047,134048],{"class":66},"P",[44,134050,63],{"class":62},[44,134052,83],{"class":58},[44,134054,75],{"class":62},[44,134056,11850],{"class":66},[44,134058,63],{"class":62},[44,134060,83],{"class":58},[44,134062,75],{"class":62},[44,134064,63221],{"class":66},[44,134066,63],{"class":62},[44,134068,83],{"class":58},[44,134070,75],{"class":62},[44,134072,60372],{"class":66},[44,134074,63],{"class":62},[44,134076,83],{"class":58},[44,134078,75],{"class":62},[44,134080,60407],{"class":66},[44,134082,63],{"class":62},[44,134084,83],{"class":58},[44,134086,75],{"class":62},[44,134088,75965],{"class":66},[44,134090,63],{"class":62},[44,134092,3759],{"class":58},[44,134094,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134096,1340],{"class":50},[44,134098,55],{"class":54},[44,134100,6255],{"class":62},[44,134102,108],{"class":58},[44,134104,133449],{"class":111},[44,134106,157],{"class":58},[44,134108,36066],{"class":111},[44,134110,162],{"class":58},[44,134112,134113],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,134114,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,134116,134117,134119,134121,134123],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,134118,154],{"class":153},[44,134120,157],{"class":58},[44,134122,1376],{"class":111},[44,134124,162],{"class":58},[20,134126,330],{},[35,134128,134130],{"className":37,"code":134129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,134131,134132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134133,134134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134135,134129],{"class":50},[1960,134137,134139,134140,134142],{"id":134138},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134141,133372],{}," returns the result",[35,134144,134146],{"className":37,"code":134145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134147,134148,134181,134204,134208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134149,134150,134152,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134177,134179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134151,4198],{"class":50},[44,134153,55],{"class":54},[44,134155,3746],{"class":58},[44,134157,63],{"class":62},[44,134159,6715],{"class":66},[44,134161,63],{"class":62},[44,134163,83],{"class":58},[44,134165,75],{"class":62},[44,134167,79206],{"class":66},[44,134169,63],{"class":62},[44,134171,83],{"class":58},[44,134173,75],{"class":62},[44,134175,134176],{"class":66},"three",[44,134178,63],{"class":62},[44,134180,3759],{"class":58},[44,134182,134183,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134184,134185],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,134187,55],{"class":54},[44,134189,75],{"class":62},[44,134191,2138],{"class":66},[44,134193,63],{"class":62},[44,134195,108],{"class":58},[44,134197,133449],{"class":111},[44,134199,157],{"class":58},[44,134201,4242],{"class":111},[44,134203,162],{"class":58},[44,134205,134206],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,134207,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,134209,134210,134212,134214,134217],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,134211,154],{"class":153},[44,134213,157],{"class":58},[44,134215,134216],{"class":111},"joined_text",[44,134218,162],{"class":58},[20,134220,330],{},[35,134222,134224],{"className":37,"code":134223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,134225,134226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134227,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134229,6715],{"class":50},[44,134231,2138],{"class":54},[44,134233,79206],{"class":50},[44,134235,2138],{"class":54},[44,134237,134238],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,134240,134242],{"id":134241},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134244,134245],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1960,134247,134249,134252],{"id":134248},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134250,134251],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,134254,134256],{"className":37,"code":134255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134257,134258,134282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134259,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134261,4198],{"class":50},[44,134263,55],{"class":54},[44,134265,3746],{"class":58},[44,134267,63],{"class":62},[44,134269,3971],{"class":66},[44,134271,63],{"class":62},[44,134273,83],{"class":58},[44,134275,75],{"class":62},[44,134277,60525],{"class":66},[44,134279,63],{"class":62},[44,134281,3759],{"class":58},[44,134283,134284,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134285,154],{"class":153},[44,134287,157],{"class":58},[44,134289,63],{"class":62},[44,134291,75],{"class":62},[44,134293,108],{"class":58},[44,134295,133449],{"class":111},[44,134297,157],{"class":58},[44,134299,4242],{"class":111},[44,134301,1869],{"class":58},[20,134303,330],{},[35,134305,134307],{"className":37,"code":134306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,134308,134309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134310,134311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134312,134306],{"class":50},[1960,134314,134316,134319],{"id":134315},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134317,134318],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134321,134323],{"className":37,"code":134322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134324,134325,134357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134326,134327,134329,134331,134333,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134328,13172],{"class":50},[44,134330,55],{"class":54},[44,134332,3746],{"class":58},[44,134334,63],{"class":62},[44,134336,13189],{"class":66},[44,134338,63],{"class":62},[44,134340,83],{"class":58},[44,134342,75],{"class":62},[44,134344,13206],{"class":66},[44,134346,63],{"class":62},[44,134348,83],{"class":58},[44,134350,75],{"class":62},[44,134352,17534],{"class":66},[44,134354,63],{"class":62},[44,134356,3759],{"class":58},[44,134358,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375,134377],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134360,154],{"class":153},[44,134362,157],{"class":58},[44,134364,63],{"class":62},[44,134366,2307],{"class":66},[44,134368,63],{"class":62},[44,134370,108],{"class":58},[44,134372,133449],{"class":111},[44,134374,157],{"class":58},[44,134376,17581],{"class":111},[44,134378,1869],{"class":58},[20,134380,330],{},[35,134382,134384],{"className":37,"code":134383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134385,134386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134387,134388,134390,134392,134395,134397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134389,13189],{"class":50},[44,134391,83],{"class":58},[44,134393,134394],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134396,83],{"class":58},[44,134398,35796],{"class":50},[20,134400,134401],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1960,134403,134405,134408],{"id":134404},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134406,134407],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134410,134412],{"className":37,"code":134411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134413,134414,134446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134415,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134417,42764],{"class":50},[44,134419,55],{"class":54},[44,134421,3746],{"class":58},[44,134423,63],{"class":62},[44,134425,39],{"class":66},[44,134427,63],{"class":62},[44,134429,83],{"class":58},[44,134431,75],{"class":62},[44,134433,61108],{"class":66},[44,134435,63],{"class":62},[44,134437,83],{"class":58},[44,134439,75],{"class":62},[44,134441,133449],{"class":66},[44,134443,63],{"class":62},[44,134445,3759],{"class":58},[44,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134449,154],{"class":153},[44,134451,157],{"class":58},[44,134453,63],{"class":62},[44,134455,2138],{"class":66},[44,134457,63],{"class":62},[44,134459,108],{"class":58},[44,134461,133449],{"class":111},[44,134463,157],{"class":58},[44,134465,42796],{"class":111},[44,134467,1869],{"class":58},[20,134469,330],{},[35,134471,134473],{"className":37,"code":134472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134474,134475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134476,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134478,39],{"class":50},[44,134480,2138],{"class":54},[44,134482,61108],{"class":50},[44,134484,2138],{"class":54},[44,134486,134487],{"class":50},"join\n",[1960,134489,134491,134494],{"id":134490},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134492,134493],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134496,134498],{"className":37,"code":134497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134499,134500,134533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134501,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134529,134531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134503,112869],{"class":50},[44,134505,55],{"class":54},[44,134507,3746],{"class":58},[44,134509,63],{"class":62},[44,134511,296],{"class":66},[44,134513,63],{"class":62},[44,134515,83],{"class":58},[44,134517,75],{"class":62},[44,134519,268],{"class":66},[44,134521,63],{"class":62},[44,134523,83],{"class":58},[44,134525,75],{"class":62},[44,134527,134528],{"class":66},"C",[44,134530,63],{"class":62},[44,134532,3759],{"class":58},[44,134534,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134550],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134536,154],{"class":153},[44,134538,157],{"class":58},[44,134540,6401],{"class":62},[44,134542,108],{"class":58},[44,134544,133449],{"class":111},[44,134546,157],{"class":58},[44,134548,134549],{"class":111},"chars",[44,134551,1869],{"class":58},[20,134553,330],{},[35,134555,134557],{"className":37,"code":134556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134558,134559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134560,134561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134562,134556],{"class":34373},[30,134564,134566],{"id":134565},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134568,134569,134571],{},[15,134570,133372],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1960,134573,134575],{"id":134574},"this-works","This works",[35,134577,134579],{"className":37,"code":134578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134580,134581,134613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134582,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134584,3948],{"class":50},[44,134586,55],{"class":54},[44,134588,3746],{"class":58},[44,134590,63],{"class":62},[44,134592,2448],{"class":66},[44,134594,63],{"class":62},[44,134596,83],{"class":58},[44,134598,75],{"class":62},[44,134600,15839],{"class":66},[44,134602,63],{"class":62},[44,134604,83],{"class":58},[44,134606,75],{"class":62},[44,134608,36765],{"class":66},[44,134610,63],{"class":62},[44,134612,3759],{"class":58},[44,134614,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134616,154],{"class":153},[44,134618,157],{"class":58},[44,134620,63],{"class":62},[44,134622,2307],{"class":66},[44,134624,63],{"class":62},[44,134626,108],{"class":58},[44,134628,133449],{"class":111},[44,134630,157],{"class":58},[44,134632,5488],{"class":111},[44,134634,1869],{"class":58},[20,134636,330],{},[35,134638,134640],{"className":37,"code":134639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134641,134642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134643,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134645,2448],{"class":95},[44,134647,83],{"class":58},[44,134649,96],{"class":95},[44,134651,83],{"class":58},[44,134653,134654],{"class":95}," 30\n",[1960,134656,134658],{"id":134657},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134660,134662],{"className":37,"code":134661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134663,134664,134684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134665,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134667,3948],{"class":50},[44,134669,55],{"class":54},[44,134671,3746],{"class":58},[44,134673,3108],{"class":95},[44,134675,83],{"class":58},[44,134677,1012],{"class":95},[44,134679,83],{"class":58},[44,134681,1017],{"class":95},[44,134683,3759],{"class":58},[44,134685,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134687,154],{"class":153},[44,134689,157],{"class":58},[44,134691,63],{"class":62},[44,134693,2307],{"class":66},[44,134695,63],{"class":62},[44,134697,108],{"class":58},[44,134699,133449],{"class":111},[44,134701,157],{"class":58},[44,134703,5488],{"class":111},[44,134705,1869],{"class":58},[20,134707,90246,134708,134710],{},[15,134709,3125],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134712,134713],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134715,134717],{"className":37,"code":134716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134718,134719,134739,134769,134773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727,134729,134731,134733,134735,134737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134722,3948],{"class":50},[44,134724,55],{"class":54},[44,134726,3746],{"class":58},[44,134728,3108],{"class":95},[44,134730,83],{"class":58},[44,134732,1012],{"class":95},[44,134734,83],{"class":58},[44,134736,1017],{"class":95},[44,134738,3759],{"class":58},[44,134740,134741,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134742,1340],{"class":50},[44,134744,55],{"class":54},[44,134746,75],{"class":62},[44,134748,2307],{"class":66},[44,134750,63],{"class":62},[44,134752,108],{"class":58},[44,134754,133449],{"class":111},[44,134756,157],{"class":58},[44,134758,39785],{"class":153},[44,134760,157],{"class":58},[44,134762,3564],{"class":1861},[44,134764,83],{"class":58},[44,134766,4012],{"class":111},[44,134768,1869],{"class":58},[44,134770,134771],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,134772,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,134774,134775,134777,134779,134781],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,134776,154],{"class":153},[44,134778,157],{"class":58},[44,134780,1376],{"class":111},[44,134782,162],{"class":58},[20,134784,330],{},[35,134786,134788],{"className":37,"code":134787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134789,134790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134791,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134793,3108],{"class":95},[44,134795,83],{"class":58},[44,134797,1012],{"class":95},[44,134799,83],{"class":58},[44,134801,2696],{"class":95},[20,134803,134804,134805,108],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[395,134806,3697,134807,3630],{"href":42102},[15,134808,47613],{},[1960,134810,134812,134814],{"id":134811},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134813,217],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134816,134818],{"className":37,"code":134817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134819,134820,134848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134821,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134823,3948],{"class":50},[44,134825,55],{"class":54},[44,134827,3746],{"class":58},[44,134829,63],{"class":62},[44,134831,4207],{"class":66},[44,134833,63],{"class":62},[44,134835,83],{"class":58},[44,134837,3978],{"class":1400},[44,134839,83],{"class":58},[44,134841,75],{"class":62},[44,134843,4216],{"class":66},[44,134845,63],{"class":62},[44,134847,3759],{"class":58},[44,134849,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134851,154],{"class":153},[44,134853,157],{"class":58},[44,134855,63],{"class":62},[44,134857,2307],{"class":66},[44,134859,63],{"class":62},[44,134861,108],{"class":58},[44,134863,133449],{"class":111},[44,134865,157],{"class":58},[44,134867,5488],{"class":111},[44,134869,1869],{"class":58},[20,134871,134872,134873,108],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134874,3125],{},[20,134876,134877],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134879,134881],{"className":37,"code":134880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134882,134883,134911,134941,134945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134884,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134886,3948],{"class":50},[44,134888,55],{"class":54},[44,134890,3746],{"class":58},[44,134892,63],{"class":62},[44,134894,4207],{"class":66},[44,134896,63],{"class":62},[44,134898,83],{"class":58},[44,134900,3978],{"class":1400},[44,134902,83],{"class":58},[44,134904,75],{"class":62},[44,134906,4216],{"class":66},[44,134908,63],{"class":62},[44,134910,3759],{"class":58},[44,134912,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929,134931,134933,134935,134937,134939],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,134914,1340],{"class":50},[44,134916,55],{"class":54},[44,134918,75],{"class":62},[44,134920,2307],{"class":66},[44,134922,63],{"class":62},[44,134924,108],{"class":58},[44,134926,133449],{"class":111},[44,134928,157],{"class":58},[44,134930,39785],{"class":153},[44,134932,157],{"class":58},[44,134934,3564],{"class":1861},[44,134936,83],{"class":58},[44,134938,4012],{"class":111},[44,134940,1869],{"class":58},[44,134942,134943],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,134944,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,134946,134947,134949,134951,134953],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,134948,154],{"class":153},[44,134950,157],{"class":58},[44,134952,1376],{"class":111},[44,134954,162],{"class":58},[20,134956,330],{},[35,134958,134960],{"className":37,"code":134959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134961,134962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134963,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134965,4207],{"class":50},[44,134967,83],{"class":58},[44,134969,3978],{"class":1400},[44,134971,83],{"class":58},[44,134973,134974],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134976,134977,134978,134980],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134979,217],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1960,134982,134984,134986],{"id":134983},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134985,133372],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134988,134990],{"className":37,"code":134989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134991,134992,135024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134993,134994,134996,134998,135000,135002,135004,135006,135008,135010,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134995,5126],{"class":50},[44,134997,55],{"class":54},[44,134999,857],{"class":58},[44,135001,63],{"class":62},[44,135003,470],{"class":66},[44,135005,63],{"class":62},[44,135007,83],{"class":58},[44,135009,75],{"class":62},[44,135011,131378],{"class":66},[44,135013,63],{"class":62},[44,135015,83],{"class":58},[44,135017,75],{"class":62},[44,135019,8052],{"class":66},[44,135021,63],{"class":62},[44,135023,162],{"class":58},[44,135025,135026,135028,135030,135032,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135027,154],{"class":153},[44,135029,157],{"class":58},[44,135031,63],{"class":62},[44,135033,135034],{"class":66}," \u002F ",[44,135036,63],{"class":62},[44,135038,108],{"class":58},[44,135040,133449],{"class":111},[44,135042,157],{"class":58},[44,135044,5170],{"class":111},[44,135046,1869],{"class":58},[20,135048,330],{},[35,135050,135052],{"className":37,"code":135051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135053,135054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135055,135056,135059,135061,135064,135066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135057,135058],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,135060,127182],{"class":54},[44,135062,135063],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,135065,127182],{"class":54},[44,135067,22404],{"class":50},[30,135069,135071,135072],{"id":135070},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135073,133372],{},[20,135075,135076],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1960,135078,135080,135081,135083],{"id":135079},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135082,3125],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,135085,135087],{"className":37,"code":135086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135088,135089,135117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135090,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135092,7910],{"class":50},[44,135094,55],{"class":54},[44,135096,3746],{"class":58},[44,135098,63],{"class":62},[44,135100,395],{"class":66},[44,135102,63],{"class":62},[44,135104,83],{"class":58},[44,135106,1012],{"class":95},[44,135108,83],{"class":58},[44,135110,75],{"class":62},[44,135112,9855],{"class":66},[44,135114,63],{"class":62},[44,135116,3759],{"class":58},[44,135118,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135120,154],{"class":153},[44,135122,157],{"class":58},[44,135124,63],{"class":62},[44,135126,75],{"class":62},[44,135128,108],{"class":58},[44,135130,133449],{"class":111},[44,135132,157],{"class":58},[44,135134,7940],{"class":111},[44,135136,1869],{"class":58},[20,135138,48440,135139,135141],{},[15,135140,2173],{}," is an integer.",[20,135143,39187],{},[35,135145,135147],{"className":37,"code":135146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135148,135149,135177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135150,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135152,7910],{"class":50},[44,135154,55],{"class":54},[44,135156,3746],{"class":58},[44,135158,63],{"class":62},[44,135160,395],{"class":66},[44,135162,63],{"class":62},[44,135164,83],{"class":58},[44,135166,1012],{"class":95},[44,135168,83],{"class":58},[44,135170,75],{"class":62},[44,135172,9855],{"class":66},[44,135174,63],{"class":62},[44,135176,3759],{"class":58},[44,135178,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135180,154],{"class":153},[44,135182,157],{"class":58},[44,135184,63],{"class":62},[44,135186,75],{"class":62},[44,135188,108],{"class":58},[44,135190,133449],{"class":111},[44,135192,157],{"class":58},[44,135194,39785],{"class":153},[44,135196,157],{"class":58},[44,135198,3564],{"class":1861},[44,135200,83],{"class":58},[44,135202,6095],{"class":111},[44,135204,3031],{"class":58},[20,135206,135207,135208,108],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[395,135209,25748,135211],{"href":135210},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135212,135213],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1960,135215,135217,135218,135220],{"id":135216},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135219,133372],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135222,4656],{},[35,135224,135226],{"className":37,"code":135225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135227,135228,135260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135229,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135231,4198],{"class":50},[44,135233,55],{"class":54},[44,135235,3746],{"class":58},[44,135237,63],{"class":62},[44,135239,7428],{"class":66},[44,135241,63],{"class":62},[44,135243,83],{"class":58},[44,135245,75],{"class":62},[44,135247,12295],{"class":66},[44,135249,63],{"class":62},[44,135251,83],{"class":58},[44,135253,75],{"class":62},[44,135255,133430],{"class":66},[44,135257,63],{"class":62},[44,135259,3759],{"class":58},[44,135261,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135263,1340],{"class":50},[44,135265,55],{"class":54},[44,135267,6297],{"class":50},[44,135269,108],{"class":58},[44,135271,133449],{"class":111},[44,135273,157],{"class":58},[44,135275,63],{"class":62},[44,135277,75],{"class":62},[44,135279,162],{"class":58},[20,135281,135282,135284],{},[15,135283,133372],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135286,10918],{},[35,135288,135290],{"className":37,"code":135289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135291,135292,135324,135344,135348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135293,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135295,4198],{"class":50},[44,135297,55],{"class":54},[44,135299,3746],{"class":58},[44,135301,63],{"class":62},[44,135303,7428],{"class":66},[44,135305,63],{"class":62},[44,135307,83],{"class":58},[44,135309,75],{"class":62},[44,135311,12295],{"class":66},[44,135313,63],{"class":62},[44,135315,83],{"class":58},[44,135317,75],{"class":62},[44,135319,133430],{"class":66},[44,135321,63],{"class":62},[44,135323,3759],{"class":58},[44,135325,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135327,1340],{"class":50},[44,135329,55],{"class":54},[44,135331,75],{"class":62},[44,135333,75],{"class":62},[44,135335,108],{"class":58},[44,135337,133449],{"class":111},[44,135339,157],{"class":58},[44,135341,4242],{"class":111},[44,135343,162],{"class":58},[44,135345,135346],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,135347,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,135349,135350,135352,135354,135356],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,135351,154],{"class":153},[44,135353,157],{"class":58},[44,135355,1376],{"class":111},[44,135357,162],{"class":58},[1960,135359,135361],{"id":135360},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135363,135365],{"className":37,"code":135364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135366,135367,135399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135368,135369,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387,135389,135391,135393,135395,135397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135370,4198],{"class":50},[44,135372,55],{"class":54},[44,135374,3746],{"class":58},[44,135376,63],{"class":62},[44,135378,6715],{"class":66},[44,135380,63],{"class":62},[44,135382,83],{"class":58},[44,135384,75],{"class":62},[44,135386,79206],{"class":66},[44,135388,63],{"class":62},[44,135390,83],{"class":58},[44,135392,75],{"class":62},[44,135394,134176],{"class":66},[44,135396,63],{"class":62},[44,135398,3759],{"class":58},[44,135400,135401,135403,135405,135407,135409,135411,135413,135415],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135402,154],{"class":153},[44,135404,157],{"class":58},[44,135406,6401],{"class":62},[44,135408,108],{"class":58},[44,135410,133449],{"class":111},[44,135412,157],{"class":58},[44,135414,4242],{"class":111},[44,135416,1869],{"class":58},[20,135418,330],{},[35,135420,135422],{"className":37,"code":135421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135423,135424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135425,135426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135427,135421],{"class":50},[20,135429,135430,135431,6761],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135432,133517],{},[1960,135434,135436,135437,131640],{"id":135435},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135438,133372],{},[35,135440,135442],{"className":37,"code":135441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135443,135444,135476,135494,135498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135445,135446,135448,135450,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135447,4198],{"class":50},[44,135449,55],{"class":54},[44,135451,3746],{"class":58},[44,135453,63],{"class":62},[44,135455,395],{"class":66},[44,135457,63],{"class":62},[44,135459,83],{"class":58},[44,135461,75],{"class":62},[44,135463,1005],{"class":66},[44,135465,63],{"class":62},[44,135467,83],{"class":58},[44,135469,75],{"class":62},[44,135471,9855],{"class":66},[44,135473,63],{"class":62},[44,135475,3759],{"class":58},[44,135477,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486,135488,135490,135492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135479,63],{"class":43256},[44,135481,2138],{"class":43260},[44,135483,63],{"class":43256},[44,135485,108],{"class":58},[44,135487,133449],{"class":111},[44,135489,157],{"class":58},[44,135491,4242],{"class":111},[44,135493,162],{"class":58},[44,135495,135496],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,135497,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,135499,135500,135502,135504,135506],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,135501,154],{"class":153},[44,135503,157],{"class":58},[44,135505,4242],{"class":111},[44,135507,162],{"class":58},[20,135509,330],{},[35,135511,135512],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135513,135514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135515,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135517,4027],{"class":58},[44,135519,343],{"class":62},[44,135521,395],{"class":66},[44,135523,343],{"class":62},[44,135525,83],{"class":58},[44,135527,352],{"class":62},[44,135529,1005],{"class":66},[44,135531,343],{"class":62},[44,135533,83],{"class":58},[44,135535,352],{"class":62},[44,135537,9855],{"class":66},[44,135539,343],{"class":62},[44,135541,3759],{"class":58},[20,135543,135544,135545,135547],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135546,133372],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135549,135551,135553,135554],{"id":135550},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135552,133372],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135555,2176],{},[20,135557,10703,135558,4523,135560,135562],{},[15,135559,133372],{},[15,135561,2176],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1960,135564,172,135566,135568],{"id":135565},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135567,2176],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135570,135572],{"className":37,"code":135571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135573,135574,135587,135600,135620,135624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135575,135576,135579,135581,135583,135585],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135577,135578],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135580,55],{"class":54},[44,135582,75],{"class":62},[44,135584,34788],{"class":66},[44,135586,3479],{"class":62},[44,135588,135589,135592,135594,135596,135598],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135590,135591],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135593,55],{"class":54},[44,135595,75],{"class":62},[44,135597,89675],{"class":66},[44,135599,3479],{"class":62},[44,135601,135602,135604,135606,135609,135611,135613,135615,135617],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,135603,1340],{"class":50},[44,135605,55],{"class":54},[44,135607,135608],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135610,2176],{"class":54},[44,135612,75],{"class":62},[44,135614,75],{"class":62},[44,135616,2571],{"class":54},[44,135618,135619],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135621,135622],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,135623,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,135625,135626,135628,135630,135632],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,135627,154],{"class":153},[44,135629,157],{"class":58},[44,135631,1376],{"class":111},[44,135633,162],{"class":58},[20,135635,330],{},[35,135637,135639],{"className":37,"code":135638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135640,135641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135642,135643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135644,135638],{"class":50},[1960,135646,172,135648,135650],{"id":135647},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135649,133372],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135652,135654],{"className":37,"code":135653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135655,135656,135698,135718,135722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135657,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674,135677,135679,135681,135683,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135659,4198],{"class":50},[44,135661,55],{"class":54},[44,135663,3746],{"class":58},[44,135665,63],{"class":62},[44,135667,7428],{"class":66},[44,135669,63],{"class":62},[44,135671,83],{"class":58},[44,135673,75],{"class":62},[44,135675,135676],{"class":66},"makes",[44,135678,63],{"class":62},[44,135680,83],{"class":58},[44,135682,75],{"class":62},[44,135684,135685],{"class":66},"this",[44,135687,63],{"class":62},[44,135689,83],{"class":58},[44,135691,75],{"class":62},[44,135693,133871],{"class":66},[44,135695,63],{"class":62},[44,135697,3759],{"class":58},[44,135699,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714,135716],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135701,1340],{"class":50},[44,135703,55],{"class":54},[44,135705,75],{"class":62},[44,135707,75],{"class":62},[44,135709,108],{"class":58},[44,135711,133449],{"class":111},[44,135713,157],{"class":58},[44,135715,4242],{"class":111},[44,135717,162],{"class":58},[44,135719,135720],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,135721,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,135723,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,135725,154],{"class":153},[44,135727,157],{"class":58},[44,135729,1376],{"class":111},[44,135731,162],{"class":58},[20,135733,330],{},[35,135735,135737],{"className":37,"code":135736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135738,135739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135740,135741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135742,135736],{"class":50},[20,135744,135745,135747],{},[15,135746,133372],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[192,135749,135750,135753,135756],{},[195,135751,135752],{},"You already have a list of strings",[195,135754,135755],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[195,135757,135758,135759,135761],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135760,2176],{}," operators",[20,135763,135764,135765,108],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[395,135766,135768],{"href":135767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135770,135772],{"id":135771},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135774,9005,135775,135777],{},[15,135776,133372],{}," is not working, check these first:",[192,135779,135780,135783,135788,135797,135803],{},[195,135781,135782],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[195,135784,135785,135786],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135787,217],{},[195,135789,135790,135791,11202,135794],{},"You may have written ",[15,135792,135793],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135795,135796],{},"string.join(...)",[195,135798,135799,135800,135802],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135801,133372],{}," to change the original iterable",[195,135804,135805],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135807,94315],{},[35,135809,135811],{"className":37,"code":135810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135812,135813,135827,135837,135861,135901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135814,135815,135817,135819,135821,135823,135825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135816,154],{"class":153},[44,135818,157],{"class":58},[44,135820,1862],{"class":1861},[44,135822,157],{"class":58},[44,135824,7940],{"class":111},[44,135826,1869],{"class":58},[44,135828,135829,135831,135833,135835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,135830,154],{"class":153},[44,135832,157],{"class":58},[44,135834,7940],{"class":111},[44,135836,162],{"class":58},[44,135838,135839,135841,135843,135845,135847,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,135840,154],{"class":153},[44,135842,3105],{"class":58},[44,135844,1862],{"class":1861},[44,135846,157],{"class":58},[44,135848,23381],{"class":111},[44,135850,3786],{"class":58},[44,135852,4003],{"class":4002},[44,135854,6090],{"class":111},[44,135856,4009],{"class":4002},[44,135858,6095],{"class":111},[44,135860,4015],{"class":58},[44,135862,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885,135887,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897,135899],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,135864,154],{"class":153},[44,135866,157],{"class":58},[44,135868,343],{"class":62},[44,135870,352],{"class":62},[44,135872,108],{"class":58},[44,135874,133449],{"class":111},[44,135876,3105],{"class":58},[44,135878,343],{"class":62},[44,135880,395],{"class":66},[44,135882,343],{"class":62},[44,135884,83],{"class":58},[44,135886,352],{"class":62},[44,135888,1005],{"class":66},[44,135890,343],{"class":62},[44,135892,83],{"class":58},[44,135894,352],{"class":62},[44,135896,9855],{"class":66},[44,135898,343],{"class":62},[44,135900,3119],{"class":58},[44,135902,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,135904,154],{"class":153},[44,135906,157],{"class":58},[44,135908,343],{"class":62},[44,135910,2307],{"class":66},[44,135912,343],{"class":62},[44,135914,108],{"class":58},[44,135916,133449],{"class":111},[44,135918,157],{"class":58},[44,135920,39785],{"class":153},[44,135922,157],{"class":58},[44,135924,3564],{"class":1861},[44,135926,83],{"class":58},[44,135928,3746],{"class":58},[44,135930,3108],{"class":95},[44,135932,83],{"class":58},[44,135934,1012],{"class":95},[44,135936,83],{"class":58},[44,135938,1017],{"class":95},[44,135940,37189],{"class":58},[20,135942,135943],{},"What these checks do:",[192,135945,135946,135954,135960,135966,135975],{},[195,135947,135948,135951,135952,8227],{},[15,135949,135950],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135953,7940],{},[195,135955,135956,135959],{},[15,135957,135958],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[195,135961,135962,135965],{},[15,135963,135964],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[195,135967,135968,135971,135972,135974],{},[15,135969,135970],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135973,133372],{}," behavior",[195,135976,135977,135980],{},[15,135978,135979],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135982,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,135984,1963,135986,135988],{"id":135985},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135987,133372],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135990,135991,135992,135994,135995,108],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135993,133372],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135996,135997],{},"map(str, values)",[1960,135999,1963,136001,57096],{"id":136000},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136002,133372],{},[20,136004,136005],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1960,136007,1994,136009,62569],{"id":136008},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136010,133372],{},[20,136012,42079,136013,136015],{},[15,136014,133372],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1960,136017,5273,136019,39886],{"id":136018},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136020,136021],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136023,136024],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1960,136026,136028,136029,136031,136032,2610],{"id":136027},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136030,3125],{}," when using ",[15,136033,133372],{},[20,136035,136036],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,136038,2020],{"id":2019},[192,136040,136041,136046,136052,136058,136064],{},[195,136042,136043],{},[395,136044,136045],{"href":135767},"How to join strings in Python",[195,136047,136048],{},[395,136049,126290,136050,10852],{"href":128977},[15,136051,60465],{},[195,136053,136054],{},[395,136055,3697,136056,3630],{"href":42102},[15,136057,47613],{},[195,136059,136060],{},[395,136061,30414,136062],{"href":135210},[15,136063,135213],{},[195,136065,136066],{},[395,136067,125045],{"href":50906},[20,136069,97285,136070,136072],{},[15,136071,133372],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2048,136074,136075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":136077},[136078,136079,136081,136084,136091,136101,136109,136119,136126,136127,136139],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":133489,"depth":102,"text":136080},"What join() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":136082},[136083],{"id":48939,"depth":150,"text":48940},{"id":121820,"depth":102,"text":121821,"children":136085},[136086,136087,136088,136089],{"id":133836,"depth":150,"text":133837},{"id":133928,"depth":150,"text":133929},{"id":134029,"depth":150,"text":134030},{"id":134138,"depth":150,"text":136090},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134241,"depth":102,"text":134242,"children":136092},[136093,136095,136097,136099],{"id":134248,"depth":150,"text":136094},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134315,"depth":150,"text":136096},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134404,"depth":150,"text":136098},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134490,"depth":150,"text":136100},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134565,"depth":102,"text":134566,"children":136102},[136103,136104,136105,136107],{"id":134574,"depth":150,"text":134575},{"id":134657,"depth":150,"text":134658},{"id":134811,"depth":150,"text":136106},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134983,"depth":150,"text":136108},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135070,"depth":102,"text":136110,"children":136111},"Common errors with join()",[136112,136114,136116,136117],{"id":135079,"depth":150,"text":136113},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135216,"depth":150,"text":136115},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135360,"depth":150,"text":135361},{"id":135435,"depth":150,"text":136118},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135550,"depth":102,"text":136120,"children":136121},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136122,136124],{"id":135565,"depth":150,"text":136123},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135647,"depth":150,"text":136125},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135771,"depth":102,"text":135772},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":136128},[136129,136131,136133,136135,136137],{"id":135985,"depth":150,"text":136130},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136000,"depth":150,"text":136132},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136008,"depth":150,"text":136134},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136018,"depth":150,"text":136136},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136027,"depth":150,"text":136138},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133364,"description":136140},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136147,"title":136148,"body":136149,"description":137717,"extension":2080,"meta":137718,"navigation":682,"path":137719,"seo":137720,"stem":137721,"__hash__":137722},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136150,"toc":137684},[136151,136156,136161,136163,136177,136222,136229,136234,136239,136241,136257,136266,136268,136270,136285,136287,136297,136299,136361,136363,136366,136427,136429,136445,136447,136460,136463,136510,136512,136518,136521,136524,136584,136592,136678,136682,136687,136689,136703,136706,136791,136794,136852,136863,136918,136920,136927,136933,136939,136983,136986,137033,137035,137037,137044,137046,137077,137080,137082,137113,137117,137120,137122,137162,137164,137207,137213,137218,137220,137247,137252,137255,137304,137308,137311,137386,137397,137400,137457,137464,137470,137478,137483,137490,137497,137515,137517,137571,137579,137581,137586,137589,137595,137601,137606,137609,137615,137621,137628,137636,137638,137681],[10,136152,123290,136154,18],{"id":136153},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136155,124020],{},[20,136157,123295,136158,136160],{},[15,136159,124020],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136162,24158],{},[192,136164,136165,136168,136171,136174],{},[195,136166,136167],{},"convert text to lowercase",[195,136169,136170],{},"compare text without case differences",[195,136172,136173],{},"clean up user input",[195,136175,136176],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,136178,136180],{"className":37,"code":136179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136181,136182,136195,136209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136183,136184,136186,136188,136190,136193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136185,34608],{"class":50},[44,136187,55],{"class":54},[44,136189,75],{"class":62},[44,136191,136192],{"class":66},"Hello WORLD",[44,136194,3479],{"class":62},[44,136196,136197,136199,136201,136203,136205,136207],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136198,1340],{"class":50},[44,136200,55],{"class":54},[44,136202,42769],{"class":50},[44,136204,108],{"class":58},[44,136206,8771],{"class":111},[44,136208,1635],{"class":58},[44,136210,136211,136213,136215,136217,136219],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136212,154],{"class":153},[44,136214,157],{"class":58},[44,136216,1376],{"class":111},[44,136218,3786],{"class":58},[44,136220,136221],{"class":168},"  # hello world\n",[20,136223,136224,88898,136226,136228],{},[3868,136225,83756],{},[15,136227,124020],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,136230,179,136232,182],{"id":136231},"what-lower-does",[15,136233,124020],{},[20,136235,136236,136238],{},[15,136237,124020],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136240,13148],{},[192,136242,136243,136248,136251,136254],{},[195,136244,136245,136247],{},[15,136246,124020],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[195,136249,136250],{},"It works on string objects",[195,136252,136253],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[195,136255,136256],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136258,125042,136259,136263,136264,108],{},[395,136260,136262],{"href":136261},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[395,136265,50907],{"href":50906},[30,136267,402],{"id":401},[20,136269,2277],{},[35,136271,136273],{"className":37,"code":136272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,136274,136275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136276,136277,136279,136281,136283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136278,61108],{"class":50},[44,136280,108],{"class":58},[44,136282,8771],{"class":111},[44,136284,1635],{"class":58},[20,136286,43578],{},[192,136288,136289,136291,136294],{},[195,136290,97463],{},[195,136292,136293],{},"You call it directly on a string",[195,136295,136296],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136298,223],{},[35,136300,136302],{"className":37,"code":136301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136303,136304,136327,136331,136344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136305,136306,136308,136310,136312,136315,136317,136319,136321,136324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136307,154],{"class":153},[44,136309,157],{"class":58},[44,136311,63],{"class":62},[44,136313,136314],{"class":66},"HELLO",[44,136316,63],{"class":62},[44,136318,108],{"class":58},[44,136320,8771],{"class":111},[44,136322,136323],{"class":58},"())",[44,136325,136326],{"class":168},"  # hello\n",[44,136328,136329],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136330,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136332,136333,136335,136337,136339,136342],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136334,8007],{"class":50},[44,136336,55],{"class":54},[44,136338,75],{"class":62},[44,136340,136341],{"class":66},"PyThOn",[44,136343,3479],{"class":62},[44,136345,136346,136348,136350,136352,136354,136356,136358],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136347,154],{"class":153},[44,136349,157],{"class":58},[44,136351,67],{"class":111},[44,136353,108],{"class":58},[44,136355,8771],{"class":111},[44,136357,136323],{"class":58},[44,136359,136360],{"class":168},"  # python\n",[30,136362,11581],{"id":11580},[20,136364,136365],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136367,136369],{"className":37,"code":136368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136370,136371,136383,136387,136402,136406,136417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136372,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136374,34608],{"class":50},[44,136376,55],{"class":54},[44,136378,75],{"class":62},[44,136380,136192],{"class":66},[44,136382,3479],{"class":62},[44,136384,136385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136386,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136388,136389,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136390,136391],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136393,55],{"class":54},[44,136395,42769],{"class":50},[44,136397,108],{"class":58},[44,136399,8771],{"class":111},[44,136401,1635],{"class":58},[44,136403,136404],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136405,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136407,136408,136410,136412,136415],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,136409,154],{"class":153},[44,136411,157],{"class":58},[44,136413,136414],{"class":111},"lower_text",[44,136416,162],{"class":58},[44,136418,136419,136421,136423,136425],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,136420,154],{"class":153},[44,136422,157],{"class":58},[44,136424,34629],{"class":111},[44,136426,162],{"class":58},[20,136428,330],{},[35,136430,136432],{"className":37,"code":136431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136433,136434,136438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136435,136436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136437,134306],{"class":50},[44,136439,136440,136442],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136441,131706],{"class":50},[44,136443,136444],{"class":34373},"WORLD\n",[20,136446,24678],{},[192,136448,136449,136454],{},[195,136450,136451,136453],{},[15,136452,124020],{}," returns the lowercase result",[195,136455,136456,136457,136459],{},"the original ",[15,136458,34629],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136461,136462],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136464,136466],{"className":37,"code":136465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136467,136468,136480,136494,136498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136471,34608],{"class":50},[44,136473,55],{"class":54},[44,136475,75],{"class":62},[44,136477,136192],{"class":66},[44,136479,3479],{"class":62},[44,136481,136482,136484,136486,136488,136490,136492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136483,34608],{"class":50},[44,136485,55],{"class":54},[44,136487,42769],{"class":50},[44,136489,108],{"class":58},[44,136491,8771],{"class":111},[44,136493,1635],{"class":58},[44,136495,136496],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136497,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136499,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136501,154],{"class":153},[44,136503,157],{"class":58},[44,136505,34629],{"class":111},[44,136507,3786],{"class":58},[44,136509,136221],{"class":168},[30,136511,1293],{"id":1292},[20,136513,136514,22046,136516,108],{},[15,136515,124020],{},[3868,136517,61108],{},[20,136519,136520],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136522,136523],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136525,136527],{"className":37,"code":136526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136528,136529,136543,136547,136570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136530,136531,136534,136536,136538,136541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136532,136533],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,136535,55],{"class":54},[44,136537,75],{"class":62},[44,136539,136540],{"class":66},"YES",[44,136542,3479],{"class":62},[44,136544,136545],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136546,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136548,136549,136551,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562,136564,136566,136568],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136550,7128],{"class":4002},[44,136552,136553],{"class":50}," answer",[44,136555,108],{"class":58},[44,136557,8771],{"class":111},[44,136559,7497],{"class":58},[44,136561,6538],{"class":54},[44,136563,75],{"class":62},[44,136565,8788],{"class":66},[44,136567,63],{"class":62},[44,136569,6523],{"class":58},[44,136571,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580,136582],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136573,8200],{"class":153},[44,136575,157],{"class":58},[44,136577,63],{"class":62},[44,136579,96772],{"class":66},[44,136581,63],{"class":62},[44,136583,162],{"class":58},[20,136585,136586,136587,72],{},"This is especially useful with ",[395,136588,136589,136590,2420],{"href":8350},"the ",[15,136591,3077],{},[35,136593,136595],{"className":37,"code":136594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136596,136597,136616,136620,136642,136657,136663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136598,136599,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609,136612,136614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136600,136533],{"class":50},[44,136602,55],{"class":54},[44,136604,8373],{"class":153},[44,136606,157],{"class":58},[44,136608,63],{"class":62},[44,136610,136611],{"class":66},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136613,63],{"class":62},[44,136615,162],{"class":58},[44,136617,136618],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136619,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136621,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136623,7128],{"class":4002},[44,136625,136553],{"class":50},[44,136627,108],{"class":58},[44,136629,8771],{"class":111},[44,136631,7497],{"class":58},[44,136633,6538],{"class":54},[44,136635,75],{"class":62},[44,136637,8788],{"class":66},[44,136639,63],{"class":62},[44,136641,6523],{"class":58},[44,136643,136644,136646,136648,136650,136653,136655],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136645,8200],{"class":153},[44,136647,157],{"class":58},[44,136649,63],{"class":62},[44,136651,136652],{"class":66},"You typed yes",[44,136654,63],{"class":62},[44,136656,162],{"class":58},[44,136658,136659,136661],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,136660,27502],{"class":4002},[44,136662,6523],{"class":58},[44,136664,136665,136667,136669,136671,136674,136676],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,136666,8200],{"class":153},[44,136668,157],{"class":58},[44,136670,63],{"class":62},[44,136672,136673],{"class":66},"You typed something else",[44,136675,63],{"class":62},[44,136677,162],{"class":58},[30,136679,136681],{"id":136680},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136683,136684,136686],{},[15,136685,124020],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136688,7474],{},[192,136690,136691,136694,136697,136700],{},[195,136692,136693],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[195,136695,136696],{},"Make text matching easier",[195,136698,136699],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[195,136701,136702],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136704,136705],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136707,136709],{"className":37,"code":136708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136710,136711,136729,136733,136755,136770,136776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136712,136713,136715,136717,136719,136721,136723,136725,136727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136714,44887],{"class":50},[44,136716,55],{"class":54},[44,136718,8373],{"class":153},[44,136720,157],{"class":58},[44,136722,63],{"class":62},[44,136724,44898],{"class":66},[44,136726,63],{"class":62},[44,136728,162],{"class":58},[44,136730,136731],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136732,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136734,136735,136737,136739,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749,136751,136753],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136736,7128],{"class":4002},[44,136738,35773],{"class":50},[44,136740,108],{"class":58},[44,136742,8771],{"class":111},[44,136744,7497],{"class":58},[44,136746,6538],{"class":54},[44,136748,75],{"class":62},[44,136750,13206],{"class":66},[44,136752,63],{"class":62},[44,136754,6523],{"class":58},[44,136756,136757,136759,136761,136763,136766,136768],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136758,8200],{"class":153},[44,136760,157],{"class":58},[44,136762,63],{"class":62},[44,136764,136765],{"class":66},"Nice choice!",[44,136767,63],{"class":62},[44,136769,162],{"class":58},[44,136771,136772,136774],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,136773,27502],{"class":4002},[44,136775,6523],{"class":58},[44,136777,136778,136780,136782,136784,136787,136789],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,136779,8200],{"class":153},[44,136781,157],{"class":58},[44,136783,63],{"class":62},[44,136785,136786],{"class":66},"Got it.",[44,136788,63],{"class":62},[44,136790,162],{"class":58},[20,136792,136793],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136795,136797],{"className":37,"code":136796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136798,136799,136812,136816,136837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136800,136801,136803,136805,136807,136810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136802,89942],{"class":50},[44,136804,55],{"class":54},[44,136806,75],{"class":62},[44,136808,136809],{"class":66},"Python Is Fun",[44,136811,3479],{"class":62},[44,136813,136814],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136815,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136817,136818,136820,136822,136824,136826,136828,136831,136833,136835],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136819,7128],{"class":4002},[44,136821,75],{"class":62},[44,136823,39],{"class":66},[44,136825,63],{"class":62},[44,136827,21245],{"class":54},[44,136829,136830],{"class":50}," message",[44,136832,108],{"class":58},[44,136834,8771],{"class":111},[44,136836,21666],{"class":58},[44,136838,136839,136841,136843,136845,136848,136850],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136840,8200],{"class":153},[44,136842,157],{"class":58},[44,136844,63],{"class":62},[44,136846,136847],{"class":66},"Found it",[44,136849,63],{"class":62},[44,136851,162],{"class":58},[20,136853,136854,136855,136857,136858,72],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136856,124020],{}," is often used with ",[395,136859,136861],{"href":136860},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136862,41580],{},[35,136864,136866],{"className":37,"code":136865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136867,136868,136881,136900,136904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136869,136870,136872,136874,136876,136879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136871,8007],{"class":50},[44,136873,55],{"class":54},[44,136875,75],{"class":62},[44,136877,136878],{"class":66},"  ALICE  ",[44,136880,3479],{"class":62},[44,136882,136883,136886,136888,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136884,136885],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136887,55],{"class":54},[44,136889,35914],{"class":50},[44,136891,108],{"class":58},[44,136893,8765],{"class":111},[44,136895,8768],{"class":58},[44,136897,8771],{"class":111},[44,136899,1635],{"class":58},[44,136901,136902],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136903,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136905,136906,136908,136910,136913,136915],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136907,154],{"class":153},[44,136909,157],{"class":58},[44,136911,136912],{"class":111},"clean_name",[44,136914,3786],{"class":58},[44,136916,136917],{"class":168},"  # alice\n",[30,136919,15682],{"id":15681},[20,136921,136922,136923,136926],{},"Strings are ",[3868,136924,136925],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136928,136929,136930,136932],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136931,124020],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136934,136935,136936,136938],{},"So this does ",[3868,136937,4762],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136940,136942],{"className":37,"code":136941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136943,136944,136956,136966,136970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136945,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136947,34608],{"class":50},[44,136949,55],{"class":54},[44,136951,75],{"class":62},[44,136953,136314],{"class":66},[44,136955,3479],{"class":62},[44,136957,136958,136960,136962,136964],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,136959,34629],{"class":50},[44,136961,108],{"class":58},[44,136963,8771],{"class":111},[44,136965,1635],{"class":58},[44,136967,136968],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,136969,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,136973,154],{"class":153},[44,136975,157],{"class":58},[44,136977,34629],{"class":111},[44,136979,3786],{"class":58},[44,136981,136982],{"class":168},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136984,136985],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136987,136989],{"className":37,"code":136988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136990,136991,137003,137017,137021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136992,136993,136995,136997,136999,137001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136994,34608],{"class":50},[44,136996,55],{"class":54},[44,136998,75],{"class":62},[44,137000,136314],{"class":66},[44,137002,3479],{"class":62},[44,137004,137005,137007,137009,137011,137013,137015],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137006,34608],{"class":50},[44,137008,55],{"class":54},[44,137010,42769],{"class":50},[44,137012,108],{"class":58},[44,137014,8771],{"class":111},[44,137016,1635],{"class":58},[44,137018,137019],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137020,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,137022,137023,137025,137027,137029,137031],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,137024,154],{"class":153},[44,137026,157],{"class":58},[44,137028,34629],{"class":111},[44,137030,3786],{"class":58},[44,137032,136326],{"class":168},[30,137034,1803],{"id":1802},[1960,137036,25756],{"id":25755},[20,137038,137039,137040,11202,137042,108],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137041,8771],{},[15,137043,124020],{},[20,137045,16725],{},[35,137047,137049],{"className":37,"code":137048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137050,137051,137063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137052,137053,137055,137057,137059,137061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137054,34608],{"class":50},[44,137056,55],{"class":54},[44,137058,75],{"class":62},[44,137060,136314],{"class":66},[44,137062,3479],{"class":62},[44,137064,137065,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137066,154],{"class":153},[44,137068,157],{"class":58},[44,137070,34629],{"class":111},[44,137072,108],{"class":58},[44,137074,8771],{"class":1923},[44,137076,162],{"class":58},[20,137078,137079],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137081,1436],{},[35,137083,137085],{"className":37,"code":137084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137086,137087,137099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137088,137089,137091,137093,137095,137097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137090,34608],{"class":50},[44,137092,55],{"class":54},[44,137094,75],{"class":62},[44,137096,136314],{"class":66},[44,137098,3479],{"class":62},[44,137100,137101,137103,137105,137107,137109,137111],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137102,154],{"class":153},[44,137104,157],{"class":58},[44,137106,34629],{"class":111},[44,137108,108],{"class":58},[44,137110,8771],{"class":111},[44,137112,7325],{"class":58},[1960,137114,137116],{"id":137115},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137118,137119],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137121,16725],{},[35,137123,137125],{"className":37,"code":137124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137126,137127,137139,137149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137130,34608],{"class":50},[44,137132,55],{"class":54},[44,137134,75],{"class":62},[44,137136,136314],{"class":66},[44,137138,3479],{"class":62},[44,137140,137141,137143,137145,137147],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137142,34629],{"class":50},[44,137144,108],{"class":58},[44,137146,8771],{"class":111},[44,137148,1635],{"class":58},[44,137150,137151,137153,137155,137157,137159],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137152,154],{"class":153},[44,137154,157],{"class":58},[44,137156,34629],{"class":111},[44,137158,3786],{"class":58},[44,137160,137161],{"class":168},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137163,1436],{},[35,137165,137167],{"className":37,"code":137166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137168,137169,137181,137195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137170,137171,137173,137175,137177,137179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137172,34608],{"class":50},[44,137174,55],{"class":54},[44,137176,75],{"class":62},[44,137178,136314],{"class":66},[44,137180,3479],{"class":62},[44,137182,137183,137185,137187,137189,137191,137193],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137184,34608],{"class":50},[44,137186,55],{"class":54},[44,137188,42769],{"class":50},[44,137190,108],{"class":58},[44,137192,8771],{"class":111},[44,137194,1635],{"class":58},[44,137196,137197,137199,137201,137203,137205],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137198,154],{"class":153},[44,137200,157],{"class":58},[44,137202,34629],{"class":111},[44,137204,3786],{"class":58},[44,137206,136326],{"class":168},[1960,137208,567,137210,137212],{"id":137209},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137211,124020],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137214,137215,137217],{},[15,137216,124020],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137219,16725],{},[35,137221,137223],{"className":37,"code":137222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137224,137225,137233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137226,137227,137229,137231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137228,2335],{"class":50},[44,137230,55],{"class":54},[44,137232,124972],{"class":95},[44,137234,137235,137237,137239,137241,137243,137245],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137236,154],{"class":153},[44,137238,157],{"class":58},[44,137240,2357],{"class":111},[44,137242,108],{"class":58},[44,137244,8771],{"class":111},[44,137246,7325],{"class":58},[20,137248,137249,137250,33520],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137251,124020],{},[20,137253,137254],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,137256,137258],{"className":37,"code":137257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137259,137260,137272,137276,137290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137261,137262,137264,137266,137268,137270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137263,34608],{"class":50},[44,137265,55],{"class":54},[44,137267,75],{"class":62},[44,137269,136314],{"class":66},[44,137271,3479],{"class":62},[44,137273,137274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137275,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,137277,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137279,154],{"class":153},[44,137281,157],{"class":58},[44,137283,1862],{"class":1861},[44,137285,157],{"class":58},[44,137287,34629],{"class":111},[44,137289,1869],{"class":58},[44,137291,137292,137294,137296,137298,137300,137302],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,137293,154],{"class":153},[44,137295,157],{"class":58},[44,137297,34629],{"class":111},[44,137299,108],{"class":58},[44,137301,8771],{"class":111},[44,137303,7325],{"class":58},[1960,137305,137307],{"id":137306},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137309,137310],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137312,137314],{"className":37,"code":137313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137315,137316,137329,137333,137350,137365,137371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137317,137318,137320,137322,137324,137327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137319,136533],{"class":50},[44,137321,55],{"class":54},[44,137323,75],{"class":62},[44,137325,137326],{"class":66},"Yes",[44,137328,3479],{"class":62},[44,137330,137331],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137332,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,137334,137335,137337,137340,137342,137344,137346,137348],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137336,7128],{"class":4002},[44,137338,137339],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137341,4820],{"class":54},[44,137343,75],{"class":62},[44,137345,8788],{"class":66},[44,137347,63],{"class":62},[44,137349,6523],{"class":58},[44,137351,137352,137354,137356,137358,137361,137363],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,137353,8200],{"class":153},[44,137355,157],{"class":58},[44,137357,63],{"class":62},[44,137359,137360],{"class":66},"Match",[44,137362,63],{"class":62},[44,137364,162],{"class":58},[44,137366,137367,137369],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,137368,27502],{"class":4002},[44,137370,6523],{"class":58},[44,137372,137373,137375,137377,137379,137382,137384],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,137374,8200],{"class":153},[44,137376,157],{"class":58},[44,137378,63],{"class":62},[44,137380,137381],{"class":66},"No match",[44,137383,63],{"class":62},[44,137385,162],{"class":58},[20,137387,29127,137388,4523,137391,137394,137395,108],{},[15,137389,137390],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137392,137393],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137396,137381],{},[20,137398,137399],{},"Better:",[35,137401,137403],{"className":37,"code":137402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137404,137405,137417,137421,137443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137406,137407,137409,137411,137413,137415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137408,136533],{"class":50},[44,137410,55],{"class":54},[44,137412,75],{"class":62},[44,137414,137326],{"class":66},[44,137416,3479],{"class":62},[44,137418,137419],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137420,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,137422,137423,137425,137427,137429,137431,137433,137435,137437,137439,137441],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137424,7128],{"class":4002},[44,137426,136553],{"class":50},[44,137428,108],{"class":58},[44,137430,8771],{"class":111},[44,137432,7497],{"class":58},[44,137434,6538],{"class":54},[44,137436,75],{"class":62},[44,137438,8788],{"class":66},[44,137440,63],{"class":62},[44,137442,6523],{"class":58},[44,137444,137445,137447,137449,137451,137453,137455],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,137446,8200],{"class":153},[44,137448,157],{"class":58},[44,137450,63],{"class":62},[44,137452,137360],{"class":66},[44,137454,63],{"class":62},[44,137456,162],{"class":58},[1960,137458,44141,137460,137463],{"id":137459},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137461,137462],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137465,137466,137467,137469],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137468,124020],{}," is enough.",[20,137471,137472,137473,137475,137476,108],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137474,137462],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137477,124020],{},[20,137479,137480,137481,122532],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137482,124020],{},[30,137484,137486,10698,137488],{"id":137485},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137487,124020],{},[15,137489,128168],{},[20,137491,137492,4523,137494,137496],{},[15,137493,124020],{},[15,137495,128168],{}," are very similar.",[192,137498,137499,137504,137509,137512],{},[195,137500,137501,137503],{},[15,137502,124020],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[195,137505,137506,137508],{},[15,137507,128168],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[195,137510,137511],{},"Both return new strings",[195,137513,137514],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137516,223],{},[35,137518,137520],{"className":37,"code":137519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137521,137522,137534,137538,137554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137523,137524,137526,137528,137530,137532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137525,34608],{"class":50},[44,137527,55],{"class":54},[44,137529,75],{"class":62},[44,137531,129009],{"class":66},[44,137533,3479],{"class":62},[44,137535,137536],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137537,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,137539,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550,137552],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137541,154],{"class":153},[44,137543,157],{"class":58},[44,137545,34629],{"class":111},[44,137547,108],{"class":58},[44,137549,8771],{"class":111},[44,137551,136323],{"class":58},[44,137553,136221],{"class":168},[44,137555,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564,137566,137568],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,137557,154],{"class":153},[44,137559,157],{"class":58},[44,137561,34629],{"class":111},[44,137563,108],{"class":58},[44,137565,34398],{"class":111},[44,137567,136323],{"class":58},[44,137569,137570],{"class":168},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137572,137573,137574,108],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[395,137575,126290,137577,10852],{"href":137576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137578,128168],{},[30,137580,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,137582,1963,137584,124617],{"id":137583},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137585,124020],{},[20,137587,137588],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1960,137590,1963,137592,137594],{"id":137591},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137593,124020],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137596,137597,137598,108],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137599,137600],{},"string.lower()",[1960,137602,5273,137604,12814],{"id":137603},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137605,124020],{},[20,137607,137608],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1960,137610,1994,137612,137614],{"id":137611},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137613,124020],{}," on user input?",[20,137616,137617,137618,137620],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137619,3077],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1960,137622,2007,137624,4523,137626,2610],{"id":137623},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137625,124020],{},[15,137627,137462],{},[20,137629,137630,137632,137633,137635],{},[15,137631,124020],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137634,137462],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137637,2020],{"id":2019},[192,137639,137640,137644,137650,137656,137662,137666,137670,137676],{},[195,137641,137642],{},[395,137643,50907],{"href":50906},[195,137645,137646],{},[395,137647,126290,137648,10852],{"href":137576},[15,137649,128168],{},[195,137651,137652],{},[395,137653,126290,137654,10852],{"href":136860},[15,137655,41580],{},[195,137657,137658],{},[395,137659,126290,137660,10852],{"href":129871},[15,137661,124461],{},[195,137663,137664],{},[395,137665,124689],{"href":123545},[195,137667,137668],{},[395,137669,90618],{"href":89627},[195,137671,137672],{},[395,137673,3697,137674,3630],{"href":8350},[15,137675,3077],{},[195,137677,137678],{},[395,137679,137680],{"href":136261},"What is a string in Python?",[2048,137682,137683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":137685},[137686,137688,137689,137690,137691,137692,137693,137702,137704,137716],{"id":136231,"depth":102,"text":137687},"What lower() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":136680,"depth":102,"text":136681},{"id":15681,"depth":102,"text":15682},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":137694},[137695,137696,137697,137699,137700],{"id":25755,"depth":150,"text":25756},{"id":137115,"depth":150,"text":137116},{"id":137209,"depth":150,"text":137698},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137306,"depth":150,"text":137307},{"id":137459,"depth":150,"text":137701},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137485,"depth":102,"text":137703},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":137705},[137706,137708,137710,137712,137714],{"id":137583,"depth":150,"text":137707},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137591,"depth":150,"text":137709},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137603,"depth":150,"text":137711},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137611,"depth":150,"text":137713},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137623,"depth":150,"text":137715},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136148,"description":137717},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137724,"title":137725,"body":137726,"description":139276,"extension":2080,"meta":139277,"navigation":682,"path":139278,"seo":139279,"stem":139280,"__hash__":139281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137727,"toc":139237},[137728,137733,137738,137744,137759,137761,137821,137823,137832,137838,137843,137848,137850,137864,137868,137870,137917,137919,137937,137939,137942,138013,138015,138029,138032,138044,138053,138057,138062,138067,138071,138137,138139,138148,138152,138217,138219,138228,138231,138236,138240,138245,138249,138310,138312,138321,138325,138328,138384,138386,138395,138398,138411,138413,138417,138424,138486,138488,138501,138507,138510,138517,138522,138527,138530,138538,138540,138601,138603,138612,138615,138662,138665,138712,138714,138719,138736,138743,138748,138801,138803,138811,138813,138870,138872,138880,138884,138931,138933,138941,138949,138953,139001,139003,139012,139017,139068,139070,139079,139086,139089,139110,139112,139117,139120,139124,139127,139131,139134,139161,139167,139170,139197,139202,139204,139206,139234],[10,137729,123290,137731,18],{"id":137730},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137732,124461],{},[20,137734,123295,137735,137737],{},[15,137736,124461],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137739,137740,137741,137743],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137742,124461],{},". You will learn:",[192,137745,137746,137750,137753,137756],{},[195,137747,26088,137748,182],{},[15,137749,124461],{},[195,137751,137752],{},"how its syntax works",[195,137754,137755],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[195,137757,137758],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137760,33],{"id":32},[35,137762,137764],{"className":37,"code":137763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137765,137766,137779,137811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137767,137768,137770,137772,137774,137777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137769,34608],{"class":50},[44,137771,55],{"class":54},[44,137773,75],{"class":62},[44,137775,137776],{"class":66},"I like cats",[44,137778,3479],{"class":62},[44,137780,137781,137783,137785,137787,137789,137791,137793,137795,137798,137800,137802,137804,137807,137809],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137782,130129],{"class":50},[44,137784,55],{"class":54},[44,137786,42769],{"class":50},[44,137788,108],{"class":58},[44,137790,34920],{"class":111},[44,137792,157],{"class":58},[44,137794,63],{"class":62},[44,137796,137797],{"class":66},"cats",[44,137799,63],{"class":62},[44,137801,83],{"class":58},[44,137803,75],{"class":62},[44,137805,137806],{"class":66},"dogs",[44,137808,63],{"class":62},[44,137810,162],{"class":58},[44,137812,137813,137815,137817,137819],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137814,154],{"class":153},[44,137816,157],{"class":58},[44,137818,130160],{"class":111},[44,137820,162],{"class":58},[20,137822,330],{},[35,137824,137826],{"className":37,"code":137825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137827,137828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137829,137830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137831,137825],{"class":50},[20,137833,172,137834,137837],{},[15,137835,137836],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137839,179,137841,182],{"id":137840},"what-replace-does",[15,137842,124461],{},[20,137844,137845,137847],{},[15,137846,124461],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137849,13148],{},[192,137851,137852,137854,137856,137859],{},[195,137853,133538],{},[195,137855,136256],{},[195,137857,137858],{},"It works on exact matches",[195,137860,137861,137862],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137863,41186],{},[20,137865,125042,137866,108],{},[395,137867,125045],{"href":50906},[30,137869,5561],{"id":5560},[35,137871,137873],{"className":37,"code":137872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137874,137875,137895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137876,137877,137879,137881,137883,137885,137888,137890,137893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137878,61108],{"class":50},[44,137880,108],{"class":58},[44,137882,34920],{"class":111},[44,137884,157],{"class":58},[44,137886,137887],{"class":111},"old",[44,137889,83],{"class":58},[44,137891,137892],{"class":111}," new",[44,137894,162],{"class":58},[44,137896,137897,137899,137901,137903,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137898,61108],{"class":50},[44,137900,108],{"class":58},[44,137902,34920],{"class":111},[44,137904,157],{"class":58},[44,137906,137887],{"class":111},[44,137908,83],{"class":58},[44,137910,137892],{"class":111},[44,137912,83],{"class":58},[44,137914,49532],{"class":111},[44,137916,162],{"class":58},[1960,137918,17475],{"id":17474},[192,137920,137921,137926,137932],{},[195,137922,137923,137925],{},[15,137924,137887],{}," = the text to find",[195,137927,137928,137931],{},[15,137929,137930],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[195,137933,137934,137936],{},[15,137935,41186],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137938,5916],{"id":5915},[20,137940,137941],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137943,137945],{"className":37,"code":137944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137946,137947,137959,137989,137993,138003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137948,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137950,34608],{"class":50},[44,137952,55],{"class":54},[44,137954,75],{"class":62},[44,137956,137776],{"class":66},[44,137958,3479],{"class":62},[44,137960,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,137962,130129],{"class":50},[44,137964,55],{"class":54},[44,137966,42769],{"class":50},[44,137968,108],{"class":58},[44,137970,34920],{"class":111},[44,137972,157],{"class":58},[44,137974,63],{"class":62},[44,137976,137797],{"class":66},[44,137978,63],{"class":62},[44,137980,83],{"class":58},[44,137982,75],{"class":62},[44,137984,137806],{"class":66},[44,137986,63],{"class":62},[44,137988,162],{"class":58},[44,137990,137991],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,137992,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,137994,137995,137997,137999,138001],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,137996,154],{"class":153},[44,137998,157],{"class":58},[44,138000,34629],{"class":111},[44,138002,162],{"class":58},[44,138004,138005,138007,138009,138011],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,138006,154],{"class":153},[44,138008,157],{"class":58},[44,138010,130160],{"class":111},[44,138012,162],{"class":58},[20,138014,330],{},[35,138016,138018],{"className":37,"code":138017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138019,138020,138025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138021,138022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138023,138024],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,138026,138027],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138028,137825],{"class":50},[20,138030,138031],{},"Notice what happened:",[192,138033,138034,138039],{},[195,138035,138036,138038],{},[15,138037,34629],{}," did not change",[195,138040,138041,138043],{},[15,138042,130160],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138045,138046,138047,138049,138050,138052],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3868,138048,136925],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138051,124461],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,138054,138056],{"id":138055},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138058,89636,138059,138061],{},[15,138060,124461],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138063,138064,138065,36545],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138066,41186],{},[1960,138068,138070],{"id":138069},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,138072,138074],{"className":37,"code":138073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138075,138076,138089,138123,138127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138077,138078,138080,138082,138084,138087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138079,34608],{"class":50},[44,138081,55],{"class":54},[44,138083,75],{"class":62},[44,138085,138086],{"class":66},"cat cat cat",[44,138088,3479],{"class":62},[44,138090,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119,138121],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138092,1340],{"class":50},[44,138094,55],{"class":54},[44,138096,42769],{"class":50},[44,138098,108],{"class":58},[44,138100,34920],{"class":111},[44,138102,157],{"class":58},[44,138104,63],{"class":62},[44,138106,36971],{"class":66},[44,138108,63],{"class":62},[44,138110,83],{"class":58},[44,138112,75],{"class":62},[44,138114,58060],{"class":66},[44,138116,63],{"class":62},[44,138118,83],{"class":58},[44,138120,504],{"class":95},[44,138122,162],{"class":58},[44,138124,138125],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138126,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,138128,138129,138131,138133,138135],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,138130,154],{"class":153},[44,138132,157],{"class":58},[44,138134,1376],{"class":111},[44,138136,162],{"class":58},[20,138138,330],{},[35,138140,138142],{"className":37,"code":138141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138143,138144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138145,138146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138147,138141],{"class":50},[1960,138149,138151],{"id":138150},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,138153,138155],{"className":37,"code":138154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138156,138157,138169,138203,138207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138158,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138160,34608],{"class":50},[44,138162,55],{"class":54},[44,138164,75],{"class":62},[44,138166,138086],{"class":66},[44,138168,3479],{"class":62},[44,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138172,1340],{"class":50},[44,138174,55],{"class":54},[44,138176,42769],{"class":50},[44,138178,108],{"class":58},[44,138180,34920],{"class":111},[44,138182,157],{"class":58},[44,138184,63],{"class":62},[44,138186,36971],{"class":66},[44,138188,63],{"class":62},[44,138190,83],{"class":58},[44,138192,75],{"class":62},[44,138194,58060],{"class":66},[44,138196,63],{"class":62},[44,138198,83],{"class":58},[44,138200,1012],{"class":95},[44,138202,162],{"class":58},[44,138204,138205],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138206,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,138208,138209,138211,138213,138215],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,138210,154],{"class":153},[44,138212,157],{"class":58},[44,138214,1376],{"class":111},[44,138216,162],{"class":58},[20,138218,330],{},[35,138220,138222],{"className":37,"code":138221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138223,138224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138225,138226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138227,138221],{"class":50},[20,138229,138230],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138232,138233,138234,108],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[395,138235,128014],{"href":124458},[30,138237,138239],{"id":138238},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138241,138242,138244],{},[15,138243,124461],{}," can also change single characters.",[1960,138246,138248],{"id":138247},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,138250,138252],{"className":37,"code":138251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138253,138254,138266,138296,138300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138255,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138257,34608],{"class":50},[44,138259,55],{"class":54},[44,138261,75],{"class":62},[44,138263,4216],{"class":66},[44,138265,3479],{"class":62},[44,138267,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138269,1340],{"class":50},[44,138271,55],{"class":54},[44,138273,42769],{"class":50},[44,138275,108],{"class":58},[44,138277,34920],{"class":111},[44,138279,157],{"class":58},[44,138281,63],{"class":62},[44,138283,395],{"class":66},[44,138285,63],{"class":62},[44,138287,83],{"class":58},[44,138289,75],{"class":62},[44,138291,60407],{"class":66},[44,138293,63],{"class":62},[44,138295,162],{"class":58},[44,138297,138298],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138299,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,138301,138302,138304,138306,138308],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,138303,154],{"class":153},[44,138305,157],{"class":58},[44,138307,1376],{"class":111},[44,138309,162],{"class":58},[20,138311,330],{},[35,138313,138315],{"className":37,"code":138314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138316,138317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138318,138319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138320,138314],{"class":50},[1960,138322,138324],{"id":138323},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138326,138327],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138329,138331],{"className":37,"code":138330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138332,138333,138346,138370,138374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138334,138335,138337,138339,138341,138344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138336,34608],{"class":50},[44,138338,55],{"class":54},[44,138340,75],{"class":62},[44,138342,138343],{"class":66},"a b c",[44,138345,3479],{"class":62},[44,138347,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366,138368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138349,1340],{"class":50},[44,138351,55],{"class":54},[44,138353,42769],{"class":50},[44,138355,108],{"class":58},[44,138357,34920],{"class":111},[44,138359,157],{"class":58},[44,138361,63],{"class":62},[44,138363,75],{"class":62},[44,138365,83],{"class":58},[44,138367,6255],{"class":62},[44,138369,162],{"class":58},[44,138371,138372],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138373,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,138375,138376,138378,138380,138382],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,138377,154],{"class":153},[44,138379,157],{"class":58},[44,138381,1376],{"class":111},[44,138383,162],{"class":58},[20,138385,330],{},[35,138387,138389],{"className":37,"code":138388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138390,138391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138392,138393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138394,138388],{"class":50},[20,138396,138397],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138399,138400,138401,138405,138406,138410],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[395,138402,126290,138403,10852],{"href":128977},[15,138404,60465],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[395,138407,126290,138408,10852],{"href":136860},[15,138409,41580],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138412,123937],{"id":123936},[20,138414,138415,123748],{},[15,138416,124461],{},[20,138418,127335,138419,4523,138421,127342],{},[15,138420,112974],{},[15,138422,138423],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138425,138427],{"className":37,"code":138426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138428,138429,138442,138472,138476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138430,138431,138433,138435,138437,138440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138432,34608],{"class":50},[44,138434,55],{"class":54},[44,138436,75],{"class":62},[44,138438,138439],{"class":66},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138441,3479],{"class":62},[44,138443,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138445,1340],{"class":50},[44,138447,55],{"class":54},[44,138449,42769],{"class":50},[44,138451,108],{"class":58},[44,138453,34920],{"class":111},[44,138455,157],{"class":58},[44,138457,63],{"class":62},[44,138459,36971],{"class":66},[44,138461,63],{"class":62},[44,138463,83],{"class":58},[44,138465,75],{"class":62},[44,138467,58060],{"class":66},[44,138469,63],{"class":62},[44,138471,162],{"class":58},[44,138473,138474],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138475,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,138477,138478,138480,138482,138484],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,138479,154],{"class":153},[44,138481,157],{"class":58},[44,138483,1376],{"class":111},[44,138485,162],{"class":58},[20,138487,330],{},[35,138489,138491],{"className":37,"code":138490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138492,138493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138494,138495,138498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138496,138497],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138499,138500],{"class":34373},"CAT\n",[20,138502,138503,138504,138506],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138505,112974],{}," was replaced.",[20,138508,138509],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138511,138512,138513,108],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[395,138514,126290,138515,10852],{"href":124017},[15,138516,124020],{},[30,138518,179,138520,11810],{"id":138519},"what-replace-returns",[15,138521,124461],{},[20,138523,138524,138526],{},[15,138525,124461],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138528,138529],{},"If no match is found:",[192,138531,138532,138535],{},[195,138533,138534],{},"no error happens",[195,138536,138537],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138539,223],{},[35,138541,138543],{"className":37,"code":138542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138544,138545,138557,138587,138591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138546,138547,138549,138551,138553,138555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138548,34608],{"class":50},[44,138550,55],{"class":54},[44,138552,75],{"class":62},[44,138554,3971],{"class":66},[44,138556,3479],{"class":62},[44,138558,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581,138583,138585],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138560,1340],{"class":50},[44,138562,55],{"class":54},[44,138564,42769],{"class":50},[44,138566,108],{"class":58},[44,138568,34920],{"class":111},[44,138570,157],{"class":58},[44,138572,63],{"class":62},[44,138574,2291],{"class":66},[44,138576,63],{"class":62},[44,138578,83],{"class":58},[44,138580,75],{"class":62},[44,138582,11850],{"class":66},[44,138584,63],{"class":62},[44,138586,162],{"class":58},[44,138588,138589],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138590,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,138592,138593,138595,138597,138599],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,138594,154],{"class":153},[44,138596,157],{"class":58},[44,138598,1376],{"class":111},[44,138600,162],{"class":58},[20,138602,330],{},[35,138604,138606],{"className":37,"code":138605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,138607,138608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138609,138610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138611,138605],{"class":50},[20,138613,138614],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138616,138618],{"className":37,"code":138617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138619,138620,138632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138621,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138623,34608],{"class":50},[44,138625,55],{"class":54},[44,138627,75],{"class":62},[44,138629,60340],{"class":66},[44,138631,3479],{"class":62},[44,138633,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138635,130129],{"class":50},[44,138637,55],{"class":54},[44,138639,42769],{"class":50},[44,138641,108],{"class":58},[44,138643,34920],{"class":111},[44,138645,157],{"class":58},[44,138647,63],{"class":62},[44,138649,60525],{"class":66},[44,138651,63],{"class":62},[44,138653,83],{"class":58},[44,138655,75],{"class":62},[44,138657,7428],{"class":66},[44,138659,63],{"class":62},[44,138661,162],{"class":58},[20,138663,138664],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138666,138668],{"className":37,"code":138667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138669,138670,138682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138671,138672,138674,138676,138678,138680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138673,34608],{"class":50},[44,138675,55],{"class":54},[44,138677,75],{"class":62},[44,138679,60340],{"class":66},[44,138681,3479],{"class":62},[44,138683,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138685,34608],{"class":50},[44,138687,55],{"class":54},[44,138689,42769],{"class":50},[44,138691,108],{"class":58},[44,138693,34920],{"class":111},[44,138695,157],{"class":58},[44,138697,63],{"class":62},[44,138699,60525],{"class":66},[44,138701,63],{"class":62},[44,138703,83],{"class":58},[44,138705,75],{"class":62},[44,138707,7428],{"class":66},[44,138709,63],{"class":62},[44,138711,162],{"class":58},[30,138713,4649],{"id":4648},[20,138715,138716,138717,72],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138718,124461],{},[192,138720,138721,138724,138728,138731],{},[195,138722,138723],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[195,138725,1821,138726,131510],{},[15,138727,124461],{},[195,138729,138730],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[195,138732,37128,138733,138735],{},[15,138734,124461],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1960,138737,138739,138740,138742],{"id":138738},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138741,124461],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138744,138745,138746,72],{},"This does not update ",[15,138747,34629],{},[35,138749,138751],{"className":37,"code":138750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138752,138753,138765,138791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138754,138755,138757,138759,138761,138763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138756,34608],{"class":50},[44,138758,55],{"class":54},[44,138760,75],{"class":62},[44,138762,137776],{"class":66},[44,138764,3479],{"class":62},[44,138766,138767,138769,138771,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783,138785,138787,138789],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138768,34629],{"class":50},[44,138770,108],{"class":58},[44,138772,34920],{"class":111},[44,138774,157],{"class":58},[44,138776,63],{"class":62},[44,138778,137797],{"class":66},[44,138780,63],{"class":62},[44,138782,83],{"class":58},[44,138784,75],{"class":62},[44,138786,137806],{"class":66},[44,138788,63],{"class":62},[44,138790,162],{"class":58},[44,138792,138793,138795,138797,138799],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138794,154],{"class":153},[44,138796,157],{"class":58},[44,138798,34629],{"class":111},[44,138800,162],{"class":58},[20,138802,330],{},[35,138804,138805],{"className":37,"code":138024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138806,138807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138808,138809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138810,138024],{"class":50},[20,138812,10918],{},[35,138814,138816],{"className":37,"code":138815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138817,138818,138830,138860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138819,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138821,34608],{"class":50},[44,138823,55],{"class":54},[44,138825,75],{"class":62},[44,138827,137776],{"class":66},[44,138829,3479],{"class":62},[44,138831,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844,138846,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138833,34608],{"class":50},[44,138835,55],{"class":54},[44,138837,42769],{"class":50},[44,138839,108],{"class":58},[44,138841,34920],{"class":111},[44,138843,157],{"class":58},[44,138845,63],{"class":62},[44,138847,137797],{"class":66},[44,138849,63],{"class":62},[44,138851,83],{"class":58},[44,138853,75],{"class":62},[44,138855,137806],{"class":66},[44,138857,63],{"class":62},[44,138859,162],{"class":58},[44,138861,138862,138864,138866,138868],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,138863,154],{"class":153},[44,138865,157],{"class":58},[44,138867,34629],{"class":111},[44,138869,162],{"class":58},[20,138871,330],{},[35,138873,138874],{"className":37,"code":137825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138875,138876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138877,138878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138879,137825],{"class":50},[1960,138881,138883],{"id":138882},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138885,138887],{"className":37,"code":138886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138888,138889,138901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138890,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138892,34608],{"class":50},[44,138894,55],{"class":54},[44,138896,75],{"class":62},[44,138898,34788],{"class":66},[44,138900,3479],{"class":62},[44,138902,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913,138915,138917,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138904,154],{"class":153},[44,138906,157],{"class":58},[44,138908,34629],{"class":111},[44,138910,108],{"class":58},[44,138912,34920],{"class":111},[44,138914,157],{"class":58},[44,138916,63],{"class":62},[44,138918,3971],{"class":66},[44,138920,63],{"class":62},[44,138922,83],{"class":58},[44,138924,75],{"class":62},[44,138926,89871],{"class":66},[44,138928,63],{"class":62},[44,138930,1869],{"class":58},[20,138932,330],{},[35,138934,138935],{"className":37,"code":88884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138936,138937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138938,138939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138940,88884],{"class":50},[20,138942,138943,138944,4523,138946,138948],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138945,64469],{},[15,138947,90353],{}," are not the same.",[1960,138950,138952],{"id":138951},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138954,138956],{"className":37,"code":138955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138957,138958,138971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138959,138960,138962,138964,138966,138969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138961,34608],{"class":50},[44,138963,55],{"class":54},[44,138965,75],{"class":62},[44,138967,138968],{"class":66},"red red red",[44,138970,3479],{"class":62},[44,138972,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,138974,154],{"class":153},[44,138976,157],{"class":58},[44,138978,34629],{"class":111},[44,138980,108],{"class":58},[44,138982,34920],{"class":111},[44,138984,157],{"class":58},[44,138986,63],{"class":62},[44,138988,13189],{"class":66},[44,138990,63],{"class":62},[44,138992,83],{"class":58},[44,138994,75],{"class":62},[44,138996,13206],{"class":66},[44,138998,63],{"class":62},[44,139000,1869],{"class":58},[20,139002,330],{},[35,139004,139006],{"className":37,"code":139005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139007,139008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139009,139010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139011,139005],{"class":50},[20,139013,139014,139015,72],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139016,41186],{},[35,139018,139020],{"className":37,"code":139019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139021,139022,139034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139023,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139025,34608],{"class":50},[44,139027,55],{"class":54},[44,139029,75],{"class":62},[44,139031,138968],{"class":66},[44,139033,3479],{"class":62},[44,139035,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139062,139064,139066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139037,154],{"class":153},[44,139039,157],{"class":58},[44,139041,34629],{"class":111},[44,139043,108],{"class":58},[44,139045,34920],{"class":111},[44,139047,157],{"class":58},[44,139049,63],{"class":62},[44,139051,13189],{"class":66},[44,139053,63],{"class":62},[44,139055,83],{"class":58},[44,139057,75],{"class":62},[44,139059,13206],{"class":66},[44,139061,63],{"class":62},[44,139063,83],{"class":58},[44,139065,504],{"class":95},[44,139067,1869],{"class":58},[20,139069,330],{},[35,139071,139073],{"className":37,"code":139072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,139074,139075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139076,139077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139078,139072],{"class":50},[1960,139080,139082,139083,139085],{"id":139081},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139084,124461],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139087,139088],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[192,139090,139091,139098,139105],{},[195,139092,172,139093,139097],{},[395,139094,139095],{"href":128977},[15,139096,60465],{}," to break a string into a list",[195,139099,172,139100,139104],{},[395,139101,139102],{"href":136860},[15,139103,41580],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[195,139106,172,139107,139109],{},[15,139108,124461],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,139111,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,139113,1963,139115,124617],{"id":139114},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139116,124461],{},[20,139118,139119],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1960,139121,139123],{"id":139122},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139125,139126],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1960,139128,139130],{"id":139129},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139132,139133],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,139135,139137],{"className":37,"code":139136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139138,139139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139140,139141,139143,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139142,34629],{"class":50},[44,139144,108],{"class":58},[44,139146,34920],{"class":111},[44,139148,157],{"class":58},[44,139150,137887],{"class":111},[44,139152,83],{"class":58},[44,139154,137892],{"class":111},[44,139156,83],{"class":58},[44,139158,504],{"class":95},[44,139160,162],{"class":58},[1960,139162,1984,139164,139166],{"id":139163},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139165,124461],{}," remove text?",[20,139168,139169],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,139171,139173],{"className":37,"code":139172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139174,139175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139176,139177,139179,139181,139183,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139178,34629],{"class":50},[44,139180,108],{"class":58},[44,139182,34920],{"class":111},[44,139184,157],{"class":58},[44,139186,63],{"class":62},[44,139188,2291],{"class":66},[44,139190,63],{"class":62},[44,139192,83],{"class":58},[44,139194,6255],{"class":62},[44,139196,162],{"class":58},[1960,139198,14989,139200,124626],{"id":139199},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139201,124461],{},[20,139203,129819],{},[30,139205,2020],{"id":2019},[192,139207,139208,139212,139218,139224,139230],{},[195,139209,139210],{},[395,139211,124696],{"href":124458},[195,139213,139214],{},[395,139215,126290,139216,10852],{"href":128977},[15,139217,60465],{},[195,139219,139220],{},[395,139221,126290,139222,10852],{"href":136860},[15,139223,41580],{},[195,139225,139226],{},[395,139227,126290,139228,10852],{"href":124017},[15,139229,124020],{},[195,139231,139232],{},[395,139233,125045],{"href":50906},[2048,139235,139236],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":139238},[139239,139240,139242,139245,139246,139250,139254,139255,139257,139265,139275],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":137840,"depth":102,"text":139241},"What replace() does",{"id":5560,"depth":102,"text":5561,"children":139243},[139244],{"id":17474,"depth":150,"text":17475},{"id":5915,"depth":102,"text":5916},{"id":138055,"depth":102,"text":138056,"children":139247},[139248,139249],{"id":138069,"depth":150,"text":138070},{"id":138150,"depth":150,"text":138151},{"id":138238,"depth":102,"text":138239,"children":139251},[139252,139253],{"id":138247,"depth":150,"text":138248},{"id":138323,"depth":150,"text":138324},{"id":123936,"depth":102,"text":123937},{"id":138519,"depth":102,"text":139256},"What replace() returns",{"id":4648,"depth":102,"text":4649,"children":139258},[139259,139261,139262,139263],{"id":138738,"depth":150,"text":139260},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138882,"depth":150,"text":138883},{"id":138951,"depth":150,"text":138952},{"id":139081,"depth":150,"text":139264},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":139266},[139267,139269,139270,139271,139273],{"id":139114,"depth":150,"text":139268},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139122,"depth":150,"text":139123},{"id":139129,"depth":150,"text":139130},{"id":139163,"depth":150,"text":139272},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139199,"depth":150,"text":139274},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137725,"description":139276},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139283,"title":139284,"body":139285,"description":141304,"extension":2080,"meta":141305,"navigation":682,"path":141306,"seo":141307,"stem":141308,"__hash__":141309},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139286,"toc":141268},[139287,139292,139297,139300,139311,139313,139368,139373,139378,139385,139387,139402,139404,139460,139462,139500,139505,139507,139531,139534,139547,139552,139554,139586,139588,139621,139627,139632,139635,139645,139648,139650,139706,139708,139758,139761,139769,139772,139828,139830,139903,139916,139924,139928,139939,139942,139945,139998,140000,140032,140035,140089,140091,140126,140129,140134,140139,140144,140147,140149,140207,140209,140243,140245,140260,140263,140265,140307,140309,140335,140340,140348,140351,140353,140435,140437,140488,140491,140502,140510,140512,140585,140587,140605,140609,140612,140616,140643,140645,140653,140657,140692,140694,140707,140711,140714,140753,140755,140772,140777,140782,140793,140796,140807,140809,140811,140837,140840,140889,140891,140908,140911,140913,140965,140967,140999,141002,141060,141065,141067,141072,141175,141177,141191,141193,141200,141205,141210,141215,141220,141225,141228,141232,141237,141239,141265],[10,139288,123290,139290,18],{"id":139289},"python-string-split-method",[15,139291,60465],{},[20,139293,123295,139294,139296],{},[15,139295,60465],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139298,139299],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[192,139301,139302,139305,139308],{},[195,139303,139304],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[195,139306,139307],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[195,139309,139310],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139312,33],{"id":32},[35,139314,139316],{"className":37,"code":139315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139317,139318,139331,139353,139363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139319,139320,139322,139324,139326,139329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139321,34608],{"class":50},[44,139323,55],{"class":54},[44,139325,75],{"class":62},[44,139327,139328],{"class":66},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139330,3479],{"class":62},[44,139332,139333,139335,139337,139339,139341,139343,139345,139347,139349,139351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139334,42764],{"class":50},[44,139336,55],{"class":54},[44,139338,42769],{"class":50},[44,139340,108],{"class":58},[44,139342,34389],{"class":111},[44,139344,157],{"class":58},[44,139346,63],{"class":62},[44,139348,83],{"class":66},[44,139350,63],{"class":62},[44,139352,162],{"class":58},[44,139354,139355,139357,139359,139361],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,139356,154],{"class":153},[44,139358,157],{"class":58},[44,139360,42796],{"class":111},[44,139362,162],{"class":58},[44,139364,139365],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,139366,139367],{"class":168},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139369,172,139370,139372],{},[15,139371,60465],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139374,179,139376,182],{"id":139375},"what-split-does",[15,139377,60465],{},[20,139379,139380,132338,139382,108],{},[15,139381,60465],{},[3868,139383,139384],{},"string method",[20,139386,48857],{},[192,139388,139389,139392,139397],{},[195,139390,139391],{},"divides a string into parts",[195,139393,119592,139394],{},[3868,139395,139396],{},"new list of strings",[195,139398,119598,139399,139401],{},[3868,139400,4762],{}," change the original string",[20,139403,223],{},[35,139405,139407],{"className":37,"code":139406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139408,139409,139422,139436,139440,139450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139410,139411,139413,139415,139417,139420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139412,34608],{"class":50},[44,139414,55],{"class":54},[44,139416,75],{"class":62},[44,139418,139419],{"class":66},"red blue green",[44,139421,3479],{"class":62},[44,139423,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139425,42764],{"class":50},[44,139427,55],{"class":54},[44,139429,42769],{"class":50},[44,139431,108],{"class":58},[44,139433,34389],{"class":111},[44,139435,1635],{"class":58},[44,139437,139438],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,139439,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,139441,139442,139444,139446,139448],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,139443,154],{"class":153},[44,139445,157],{"class":58},[44,139447,34629],{"class":111},[44,139449,162],{"class":58},[44,139451,139452,139454,139456,139458],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,139453,154],{"class":153},[44,139455,157],{"class":58},[44,139457,42796],{"class":111},[44,139459,162],{"class":58},[20,139461,330],{},[35,139463,139465],{"className":37,"code":139464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139466,139467,139472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139468,139469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139470,139471],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139473,139474,139476,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139475,4027],{"class":58},[44,139477,343],{"class":62},[44,139479,13189],{"class":66},[44,139481,343],{"class":62},[44,139483,83],{"class":58},[44,139485,352],{"class":62},[44,139487,13206],{"class":66},[44,139489,343],{"class":62},[44,139491,83],{"class":58},[44,139493,352],{"class":62},[44,139495,17534],{"class":66},[44,139497,343],{"class":62},[44,139499,3759],{"class":58},[20,139501,139502,139503,108],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[395,139504,125045],{"href":50906},[30,139506,402],{"id":401},[35,139508,139510],{"className":37,"code":139509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139511,139512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139513,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139515,61108],{"class":50},[44,139517,108],{"class":58},[44,139519,34389],{"class":111},[44,139521,157],{"class":58},[44,139523,133694],{"class":111},[44,139525,83],{"class":58},[44,139527,139528],{"class":111}," maxsplit",[44,139530,162],{"class":58},[20,139532,139533],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[192,139535,139536,139541],{},[195,139537,139538,139540],{},[15,139539,133694],{}," tells Python where to split",[195,139542,139543,139546],{},[15,139544,139545],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139548,9005,139549,139551],{},[15,139550,133694],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139553,223],{},[35,139555,139557],{"className":37,"code":139556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139558,139559,139572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139560,139561,139563,139565,139567,139570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139562,34608],{"class":50},[44,139564,55],{"class":54},[44,139566,75],{"class":62},[44,139568,139569],{"class":66},"one two three",[44,139571,3479],{"class":62},[44,139573,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139575,154],{"class":153},[44,139577,157],{"class":58},[44,139579,34629],{"class":111},[44,139581,108],{"class":58},[44,139583,34389],{"class":111},[44,139585,7325],{"class":58},[20,139587,330],{},[35,139589,139591],{"className":37,"code":139590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139592,139593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139594,139595,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609,139611,139613,139615,139617,139619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139596,4027],{"class":58},[44,139598,343],{"class":62},[44,139600,6715],{"class":66},[44,139602,343],{"class":62},[44,139604,83],{"class":58},[44,139606,352],{"class":62},[44,139608,79206],{"class":66},[44,139610,343],{"class":62},[44,139612,83],{"class":58},[44,139614,352],{"class":62},[44,139616,134176],{"class":66},[44,139618,343],{"class":62},[44,139620,3759],{"class":58},[30,139622,567,139624,139626],{"id":139623},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139625,60465],{}," with no separator",[20,139628,70109,139629,139631],{},[15,139630,60465],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139633,139634],{},"Whitespace includes:",[192,139636,139637,139639,139642],{},[195,139638,10566],{},[195,139640,139641],{},"tabs",[195,139643,139644],{},"new lines",[20,139646,139647],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139649,223],{},[35,139651,139653],{"className":37,"code":139652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139654,139655,139678,139692,139696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139656,139657,139659,139661,139663,139666,139669,139671,139673,139676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139658,34608],{"class":50},[44,139660,55],{"class":54},[44,139662,75],{"class":62},[44,139664,139665],{"class":66},"Python   is",[44,139667,139668],{"class":34373},"\\t",[44,139670,133430],{"class":66},[44,139672,87088],{"class":34373},[44,139674,139675],{"class":66},"and useful",[44,139677,3479],{"class":62},[44,139679,139680,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139681,42764],{"class":50},[44,139683,55],{"class":54},[44,139685,42769],{"class":50},[44,139687,108],{"class":58},[44,139689,34389],{"class":111},[44,139691,1635],{"class":58},[44,139693,139694],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,139695,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,139697,139698,139700,139702,139704],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,139699,154],{"class":153},[44,139701,157],{"class":58},[44,139703,42796],{"class":111},[44,139705,162],{"class":58},[20,139707,330],{},[35,139709,139711],{"className":37,"code":139710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139712,139713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139714,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139754,139756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139716,4027],{"class":58},[44,139718,343],{"class":62},[44,139720,7428],{"class":66},[44,139722,343],{"class":62},[44,139724,83],{"class":58},[44,139726,352],{"class":62},[44,139728,12295],{"class":66},[44,139730,343],{"class":62},[44,139732,83],{"class":58},[44,139734,352],{"class":62},[44,139736,133430],{"class":66},[44,139738,343],{"class":62},[44,139740,83],{"class":58},[44,139742,352],{"class":62},[44,139744,130055],{"class":66},[44,139746,343],{"class":62},[44,139748,83],{"class":58},[44,139750,352],{"class":62},[44,139752,139753],{"class":66},"useful",[44,139755,343],{"class":62},[44,139757,3759],{"class":58},[20,139759,139760],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1960,139762,139764,10698,139766],{"id":139763},"split-vs-split",[15,139765,60465],{},[15,139767,139768],{},"split(' ')",[20,139770,139771],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139773,139775],{"className":37,"code":139774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139776,139777,139790,139794,139808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139778,139779,139781,139783,139785,139788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139780,34608],{"class":50},[44,139782,55],{"class":54},[44,139784,75],{"class":62},[44,139786,139787],{"class":66},"a  b   c",[44,139789,3479],{"class":62},[44,139791,139792],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139793,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,139795,139796,139798,139800,139802,139804,139806],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,139797,154],{"class":153},[44,139799,157],{"class":58},[44,139801,34629],{"class":111},[44,139803,108],{"class":58},[44,139805,34389],{"class":111},[44,139807,7325],{"class":58},[44,139809,139810,139812,139814,139816,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,139811,154],{"class":153},[44,139813,157],{"class":58},[44,139815,34629],{"class":111},[44,139817,108],{"class":58},[44,139819,34389],{"class":111},[44,139821,157],{"class":58},[44,139823,63],{"class":62},[44,139825,75],{"class":62},[44,139827,1869],{"class":58},[20,139829,330],{},[35,139831,139833],{"className":37,"code":139832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139834,139835,139863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139836,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139838,4027],{"class":58},[44,139840,343],{"class":62},[44,139842,395],{"class":66},[44,139844,343],{"class":62},[44,139846,83],{"class":58},[44,139848,352],{"class":62},[44,139850,1005],{"class":66},[44,139852,343],{"class":62},[44,139854,83],{"class":58},[44,139856,352],{"class":62},[44,139858,9855],{"class":66},[44,139860,343],{"class":62},[44,139862,3759],{"class":58},[44,139864,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139866,4027],{"class":58},[44,139868,343],{"class":62},[44,139870,395],{"class":66},[44,139872,343],{"class":62},[44,139874,83],{"class":58},[44,139876,3964],{"class":62},[44,139878,83],{"class":58},[44,139880,352],{"class":62},[44,139882,1005],{"class":66},[44,139884,343],{"class":62},[44,139886,83],{"class":58},[44,139888,3964],{"class":62},[44,139890,83],{"class":58},[44,139892,3964],{"class":62},[44,139894,83],{"class":58},[44,139896,352],{"class":62},[44,139898,9855],{"class":66},[44,139900,343],{"class":62},[44,139902,3759],{"class":58},[192,139904,139905,139910],{},[195,139906,139907,139909],{},[15,139908,60465],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[195,139911,139912,139915],{},[15,139913,139914],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139917,139918,139919,139923],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[395,139920,126290,139921,10852],{"href":136860},[15,139922,41580],{}," is often useful.",[30,139925,139927],{"id":139926},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139929,139930,139931,2307,139934,2311,139936,108],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139932,139933],{},"\",\"",[15,139935,133529],{},[15,139937,139938],{},"\"::\"",[20,139940,139941],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139943,139944],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139946,139948],{"className":37,"code":139947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139949,139950,139962,139984,139988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139951,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139953,34608],{"class":50},[44,139955,55],{"class":54},[44,139957,75],{"class":62},[44,139959,139328],{"class":66},[44,139961,3479],{"class":62},[44,139963,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,139965,42764],{"class":50},[44,139967,55],{"class":54},[44,139969,42769],{"class":50},[44,139971,108],{"class":58},[44,139973,34389],{"class":111},[44,139975,157],{"class":58},[44,139977,63],{"class":62},[44,139979,83],{"class":66},[44,139981,63],{"class":62},[44,139983,162],{"class":58},[44,139985,139986],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,139987,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,139989,139990,139992,139994,139996],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,139991,154],{"class":153},[44,139993,157],{"class":58},[44,139995,42796],{"class":111},[44,139997,162],{"class":58},[20,139999,330],{},[35,140001,140002],{"className":37,"code":78385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140003,140004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140005,140006,140008,140010,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140007,4027],{"class":58},[44,140009,343],{"class":62},[44,140011,4207],{"class":66},[44,140013,343],{"class":62},[44,140015,83],{"class":58},[44,140017,352],{"class":62},[44,140019,4216],{"class":66},[44,140021,343],{"class":62},[44,140023,83],{"class":58},[44,140025,352],{"class":62},[44,140027,4225],{"class":66},[44,140029,343],{"class":62},[44,140031,3759],{"class":58},[20,140033,140034],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,140036,140038],{"className":37,"code":140037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140039,140040,140053,140075,140079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140041,140042,140044,140046,140048,140051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140043,34608],{"class":50},[44,140045,55],{"class":54},[44,140047,75],{"class":62},[44,140049,140050],{"class":66},"2024::10::31",[44,140052,3479],{"class":62},[44,140054,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071,140073],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140056,42764],{"class":50},[44,140058,55],{"class":54},[44,140060,42769],{"class":50},[44,140062,108],{"class":58},[44,140064,34389],{"class":111},[44,140066,157],{"class":58},[44,140068,63],{"class":62},[44,140070,76602],{"class":66},[44,140072,63],{"class":62},[44,140074,162],{"class":58},[44,140076,140077],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140078,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,140080,140081,140083,140085,140087],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,140082,154],{"class":153},[44,140084,157],{"class":58},[44,140086,42796],{"class":111},[44,140088,162],{"class":58},[20,140090,330],{},[35,140092,140094],{"className":37,"code":140093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140095,140096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140097,140098,140100,140102,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119,140122,140124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140099,4027],{"class":58},[44,140101,343],{"class":62},[44,140103,140104],{"class":66},"2024",[44,140106,343],{"class":62},[44,140108,83],{"class":58},[44,140110,352],{"class":62},[44,140112,2448],{"class":66},[44,140114,343],{"class":62},[44,140116,83],{"class":58},[44,140118,352],{"class":62},[44,140120,140121],{"class":66},"31",[44,140123,343],{"class":62},[44,140125,3759],{"class":58},[20,140127,140128],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140130,140131,140132,108],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[395,140133,128974],{"href":128973},[30,140135,567,140137],{"id":140136},"using-maxsplit",[15,140138,139545],{},[20,140140,140141,140143],{},[15,140142,139545],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140145,140146],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140148,223],{},[35,140150,140152],{"className":37,"code":140151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140153,140154,140167,140193,140197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140155,140156,140158,140160,140162,140165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140157,34608],{"class":50},[44,140159,55],{"class":54},[44,140161,75],{"class":62},[44,140163,140164],{"class":66},"name:age:city:country",[44,140166,3479],{"class":62},[44,140168,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140170,42764],{"class":50},[44,140172,55],{"class":54},[44,140174,42769],{"class":50},[44,140176,108],{"class":58},[44,140178,34389],{"class":111},[44,140180,157],{"class":58},[44,140182,63],{"class":62},[44,140184,72],{"class":66},[44,140186,63],{"class":62},[44,140188,83],{"class":58},[44,140190,1012],{"class":95},[44,140192,162],{"class":58},[44,140194,140195],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140196,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,140198,140199,140201,140203,140205],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,140200,154],{"class":153},[44,140202,157],{"class":58},[44,140204,42796],{"class":111},[44,140206,162],{"class":58},[20,140208,330],{},[35,140210,140212],{"className":37,"code":140211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140213,140214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140215,140216,140218,140220,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140239,140241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140217,4027],{"class":58},[44,140219,343],{"class":62},[44,140221,67],{"class":66},[44,140223,343],{"class":62},[44,140225,83],{"class":58},[44,140227,352],{"class":62},[44,140229,88],{"class":66},[44,140231,343],{"class":62},[44,140233,83],{"class":58},[44,140235,352],{"class":62},[44,140237,140238],{"class":66},"city:country",[44,140240,343],{"class":62},[44,140242,3759],{"class":58},[20,140244,2296],{},[192,140246,140247,140252,140257],{},[195,140248,140249,140250],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140251,72],{},[195,140253,140254,140255],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140256,72],{},[195,140258,140259],{},"then stops",[20,140261,140262],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140264,52011],{},[35,140266,140268],{"className":37,"code":140267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140269,140270,140283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140271,140272,140274,140276,140278,140281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140273,34608],{"class":50},[44,140275,55],{"class":54},[44,140277,75],{"class":62},[44,140279,140280],{"class":66},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,140282,3479],{"class":62},[44,140284,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140286,154],{"class":153},[44,140288,157],{"class":58},[44,140290,34629],{"class":111},[44,140292,108],{"class":58},[44,140294,34389],{"class":111},[44,140296,157],{"class":58},[44,140298,63],{"class":62},[44,140300,75],{"class":62},[44,140302,83],{"class":58},[44,140304,504],{"class":95},[44,140306,1869],{"class":58},[20,140308,330],{},[35,140310,140312],{"className":37,"code":140311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140313,140314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140315,140316,140318,140320,140322,140324,140326,140328,140331,140333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140317,4027],{"class":58},[44,140319,343],{"class":62},[44,140321,4207],{"class":66},[44,140323,343],{"class":62},[44,140325,83],{"class":58},[44,140327,352],{"class":62},[44,140329,140330],{"class":66},"banana cherry grape",[44,140332,343],{"class":62},[44,140334,3759],{"class":58},[30,140336,179,140338,11810],{"id":140337},"what-split-returns",[15,140339,60465],{},[20,140341,140342,140343,140345,140346,108],{},"The result of ",[15,140344,60465],{}," is always a ",[3868,140347,1878],{},[20,140349,140350],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140352,223],{},[35,140354,140356],{"className":37,"code":140355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140357,140358,140371,140393,140397,140407,140421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140359,140360,140362,140364,140366,140369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140361,34608],{"class":50},[44,140363,55],{"class":54},[44,140365,75],{"class":62},[44,140367,140368],{"class":66},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140370,3479],{"class":62},[44,140372,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389,140391],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140374,42764],{"class":50},[44,140376,55],{"class":54},[44,140378,42769],{"class":50},[44,140380,108],{"class":58},[44,140382,34389],{"class":111},[44,140384,157],{"class":58},[44,140386,63],{"class":62},[44,140388,83],{"class":66},[44,140390,63],{"class":62},[44,140392,162],{"class":58},[44,140394,140395],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140396,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,140398,140399,140401,140403,140405],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,140400,154],{"class":153},[44,140402,157],{"class":58},[44,140404,42796],{"class":111},[44,140406,162],{"class":58},[44,140408,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,140410,154],{"class":153},[44,140412,157],{"class":58},[44,140414,1862],{"class":1861},[44,140416,157],{"class":58},[44,140418,42796],{"class":111},[44,140420,1869],{"class":58},[44,140422,140423,140425,140427,140429,140431,140433],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,140424,154],{"class":153},[44,140426,157],{"class":58},[44,140428,42796],{"class":111},[44,140430,4027],{"class":58},[44,140432,2237],{"class":95},[44,140434,4015],{"class":58},[20,140436,330],{},[35,140438,140440],{"className":37,"code":140439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140441,140442,140470,140484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140443,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140445,4027],{"class":58},[44,140447,343],{"class":62},[44,140449,36971],{"class":66},[44,140451,343],{"class":62},[44,140453,83],{"class":58},[44,140455,352],{"class":62},[44,140457,58060],{"class":66},[44,140459,343],{"class":62},[44,140461,83],{"class":58},[44,140463,352],{"class":62},[44,140465,58077],{"class":66},[44,140467,343],{"class":62},[44,140469,3759],{"class":58},[44,140471,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140473,3411],{"class":54},[44,140475,3414],{"class":2182},[44,140477,352],{"class":62},[44,140479,1878],{"class":66},[44,140481,343],{"class":62},[44,140483,3423],{"class":54},[44,140485,140486],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140487,85404],{"class":50},[20,140489,140490],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[192,140492,140493,140496,140499],{},[195,140494,140495],{},"loop over it",[195,140497,140498],{},"access items by index",[195,140500,140501],{},"combine items again later",[20,140503,140504,140505,108],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[395,140506,126290,140508,10852],{"href":140507},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140509,133372],{},[20,140511,223],{},[35,140513,140515],{"className":37,"code":140514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140516,140517,140549,140571,140575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140518,140519,140521,140523,140525,140527,140529,140531,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545,140547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140520,42764],{"class":50},[44,140522,55],{"class":54},[44,140524,3746],{"class":58},[44,140526,343],{"class":62},[44,140528,36971],{"class":66},[44,140530,343],{"class":62},[44,140532,83],{"class":58},[44,140534,352],{"class":62},[44,140536,58060],{"class":66},[44,140538,343],{"class":62},[44,140540,83],{"class":58},[44,140542,352],{"class":62},[44,140544,58077],{"class":66},[44,140546,343],{"class":62},[44,140548,3759],{"class":58},[44,140550,140551,140553,140555,140557,140559,140561,140563,140565,140567,140569],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140552,34608],{"class":50},[44,140554,55],{"class":54},[44,140556,75],{"class":62},[44,140558,2138],{"class":66},[44,140560,63],{"class":62},[44,140562,108],{"class":58},[44,140564,133449],{"class":111},[44,140566,157],{"class":58},[44,140568,42796],{"class":111},[44,140570,162],{"class":58},[44,140572,140573],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140574,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,140576,140577,140579,140581,140583],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,140578,154],{"class":153},[44,140580,157],{"class":58},[44,140582,34629],{"class":111},[44,140584,162],{"class":58},[20,140586,330],{},[35,140588,140590],{"className":37,"code":140589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140591,140592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140593,140594,140596,140598,140600,140602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140595,36971],{"class":50},[44,140597,2138],{"class":54},[44,140599,58060],{"class":50},[44,140601,2138],{"class":54},[44,140603,140604],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140606,140608],{"id":140607},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140610,140611],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1960,140613,140615],{"id":140614},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140617,140619],{"className":37,"code":140618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140620,140621,140629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140622,140623,140625,140627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140624,34608],{"class":50},[44,140626,55],{"class":54},[44,140628,8012],{"class":62},[44,140630,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140632,154],{"class":153},[44,140634,157],{"class":58},[44,140636,34629],{"class":111},[44,140638,108],{"class":58},[44,140640,34389],{"class":111},[44,140642,7325],{"class":58},[20,140644,330],{},[35,140646,140647],{"className":37,"code":38222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140648,140649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140650,140651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140652,38222],{"class":58},[1960,140654,140656],{"id":140655},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140658,140660],{"className":37,"code":140659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140661,140662,140670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140663,140664,140666,140668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140665,34608],{"class":50},[44,140667,55],{"class":54},[44,140669,8012],{"class":62},[44,140671,140672,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140673,154],{"class":153},[44,140675,157],{"class":58},[44,140677,34629],{"class":111},[44,140679,108],{"class":58},[44,140681,34389],{"class":111},[44,140683,157],{"class":58},[44,140685,63],{"class":62},[44,140687,83],{"class":66},[44,140689,63],{"class":62},[44,140691,1869],{"class":58},[20,140693,330],{},[35,140695,140697],{"className":37,"code":140696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140698,140699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140700,140701,140703,140705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140702,4027],{"class":58},[44,140704,3899],{"class":62},[44,140706,3759],{"class":58},[1960,140708,140710],{"id":140709},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140712,140713],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140715,140717],{"className":37,"code":140716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140718,140719,140731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140720,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140722,34608],{"class":50},[44,140724,55],{"class":54},[44,140726,75],{"class":62},[44,140728,3971],{"class":66},[44,140730,3479],{"class":62},[44,140732,140733,140735,140737,140739,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140734,154],{"class":153},[44,140736,157],{"class":58},[44,140738,34629],{"class":111},[44,140740,108],{"class":58},[44,140742,34389],{"class":111},[44,140744,157],{"class":58},[44,140746,63],{"class":62},[44,140748,83],{"class":66},[44,140750,63],{"class":62},[44,140752,1869],{"class":58},[20,140754,330],{},[35,140756,140758],{"className":37,"code":140757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140759,140760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140761,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140763,4027],{"class":58},[44,140765,343],{"class":62},[44,140767,3971],{"class":66},[44,140769,343],{"class":62},[44,140771,3759],{"class":58},[30,140773,1551,140775],{"id":140774},"when-to-use-split",[15,140776,60465],{},[20,140778,172,140779,140781],{},[15,140780,60465],{}," when you need to:",[192,140783,140784,140787,140790],{},[195,140785,140786],{},"split a sentence into words",[195,140788,140789],{},"split comma-separated values",[195,140791,140792],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140794,140795],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[192,140797,140798,140801,140804],{},[195,140799,140800],{},"cleaning text",[195,140802,140803],{},"parsing user input",[195,140805,140806],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140808,1803],{"id":1802},[20,140810,84175],{},[192,140812,140813,140817,140823,140826,140834],{},[195,140814,50436,140815,131510],{},[15,140816,60465],{},[195,140818,140819,140820,140822],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140821,60465],{}," returns a list, not a string",[195,140824,140825],{},"using the wrong separator",[195,140827,140828,140829,140831,140832],{},"assuming ",[15,140830,139768],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140833,60465],{},[195,140835,140836],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140838,140839],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140841,140843],{"className":37,"code":140842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140844,140845,140857,140875,140879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140846,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140848,34608],{"class":50},[44,140850,55],{"class":54},[44,140852,75],{"class":62},[44,140854,42757],{"class":66},[44,140856,3479],{"class":62},[44,140858,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140860,34629],{"class":50},[44,140862,108],{"class":58},[44,140864,34389],{"class":111},[44,140866,157],{"class":58},[44,140868,63],{"class":62},[44,140870,83],{"class":66},[44,140872,63],{"class":62},[44,140874,162],{"class":58},[44,140876,140877],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140878,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,140880,140881,140883,140885,140887],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,140882,154],{"class":153},[44,140884,157],{"class":58},[44,140886,34629],{"class":111},[44,140888,162],{"class":58},[20,140890,330],{},[35,140892,140894],{"className":37,"code":140893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140895,140896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140897,140898,140900,140902,140904,140906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140899,395],{"class":50},[44,140901,83],{"class":58},[44,140903,1005],{"class":50},[44,140905,83],{"class":58},[44,140907,69181],{"class":50},[20,140909,140910],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140912,10918],{},[35,140914,140915],{"className":37,"code":42744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140916,140917,140929,140951,140955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140918,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140920,34608],{"class":50},[44,140922,55],{"class":54},[44,140924,75],{"class":62},[44,140926,42757],{"class":66},[44,140928,3479],{"class":62},[44,140930,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945,140947,140949],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,140932,42764],{"class":50},[44,140934,55],{"class":54},[44,140936,42769],{"class":50},[44,140938,108],{"class":58},[44,140940,34389],{"class":111},[44,140942,157],{"class":58},[44,140944,63],{"class":62},[44,140946,83],{"class":66},[44,140948,63],{"class":62},[44,140950,162],{"class":58},[44,140952,140953],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,140954,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,140956,140957,140959,140961,140963],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,140958,154],{"class":153},[44,140960,157],{"class":58},[44,140962,42796],{"class":111},[44,140964,162],{"class":58},[20,140966,330],{},[35,140968,140969],{"className":37,"code":42803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140970,140971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140972,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140974,4027],{"class":58},[44,140976,343],{"class":62},[44,140978,395],{"class":66},[44,140980,343],{"class":62},[44,140982,83],{"class":58},[44,140984,352],{"class":62},[44,140986,1005],{"class":66},[44,140988,343],{"class":62},[44,140990,83],{"class":58},[44,140992,352],{"class":62},[44,140994,9855],{"class":66},[44,140996,343],{"class":62},[44,140998,3759],{"class":58},[20,141000,141001],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,141003,141005],{"className":37,"code":141004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141006,141007,141020,141042,141046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141008,141009,141011,141013,141015,141018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141010,34608],{"class":50},[44,141012,55],{"class":54},[44,141014,75],{"class":62},[44,141016,141017],{"class":66},"apple,banana",[44,141019,3479],{"class":62},[44,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141023,42764],{"class":50},[44,141025,55],{"class":54},[44,141027,42769],{"class":50},[44,141029,108],{"class":58},[44,141031,34389],{"class":111},[44,141033,157],{"class":58},[44,141035,63],{"class":62},[44,141037,83],{"class":66},[44,141039,63],{"class":62},[44,141041,162],{"class":58},[44,141043,141044],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,141045,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,141047,141048,141050,141052,141054,141056,141058],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,141049,154],{"class":153},[44,141051,157],{"class":58},[44,141053,42796],{"class":111},[44,141055,4027],{"class":58},[44,141057,2173],{"class":95},[44,141059,4015],{"class":58},[20,141061,141062,141063,108],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[395,141064,69194],{"href":69193},[1960,141066,60644],{"id":60643},[20,141068,9005,141069,141071],{},[15,141070,60465],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,141073,141075],{"className":37,"code":141074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141076,141077,141087,141101,141123,141149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141078,141079,141081,141083,141085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141080,154],{"class":153},[44,141082,157],{"class":58},[44,141084,34629],{"class":111},[44,141086,162],{"class":58},[44,141088,141089,141091,141093,141095,141097,141099],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141090,154],{"class":153},[44,141092,157],{"class":58},[44,141094,34629],{"class":111},[44,141096,108],{"class":58},[44,141098,34389],{"class":111},[44,141100,7325],{"class":58},[44,141102,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,141104,154],{"class":153},[44,141106,157],{"class":58},[44,141108,34629],{"class":111},[44,141110,108],{"class":58},[44,141112,34389],{"class":111},[44,141114,157],{"class":58},[44,141116,343],{"class":62},[44,141118,83],{"class":66},[44,141120,343],{"class":62},[44,141122,1869],{"class":58},[44,141124,141125,141127,141129,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,141126,154],{"class":153},[44,141128,157],{"class":58},[44,141130,11271],{"class":153},[44,141132,157],{"class":58},[44,141134,34629],{"class":111},[44,141136,108],{"class":58},[44,141138,34389],{"class":111},[44,141140,157],{"class":58},[44,141142,343],{"class":62},[44,141144,83],{"class":66},[44,141146,343],{"class":62},[44,141148,3031],{"class":58},[44,141150,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,141152,154],{"class":153},[44,141154,157],{"class":58},[44,141156,1862],{"class":1861},[44,141158,157],{"class":58},[44,141160,34629],{"class":111},[44,141162,108],{"class":58},[44,141164,34389],{"class":111},[44,141166,157],{"class":58},[44,141168,343],{"class":62},[44,141170,83],{"class":66},[44,141172,343],{"class":62},[44,141174,3031],{"class":58},[20,141176,11280],{},[192,141178,141179,141182,141185,141188],{},[195,141180,141181],{},"what the original string looks like",[195,141183,141184],{},"which separator works",[195,141186,141187],{},"how many items were created",[195,141189,141190],{},"that the result is a list",[30,141192,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,141194,2007,141196,4523,141198,2610],{"id":141195},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141197,60465],{},[15,141199,139768],{},[20,141201,141202,141204],{},[15,141203,60465],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141206,141207,141209],{},[15,141208,139768],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1960,141211,1963,141213,124617],{"id":141212},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141214,60465],{},[20,141216,141217,141218,56411],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141219,60465],{},[1960,141221,5273,141223,39886],{"id":141222},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141224,139545],{},[20,141226,141227],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1960,141229,141231],{"id":141230},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141233,29127,141234,141236],{},[15,141235,60465],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,141238,2020],{"id":2019},[192,141240,141241,141245,141251,141257,141261],{},[195,141242,141243],{},[395,141244,129895],{"href":128973},[195,141246,141247],{},[395,141248,126290,141249,10852],{"href":140507},[15,141250,133372],{},[195,141252,141253],{},[395,141254,126290,141255,10852],{"href":136860},[15,141256,41580],{},[195,141258,141259],{},[395,141260,125045],{"href":50906},[195,141262,141263],{},[395,141264,69194],{"href":69193},[2048,141266,141267],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":141269},[141270,141271,141273,141274,141279,141280,141282,141284,141289,141291,141294,141303],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":139375,"depth":102,"text":141272},"What split() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":139623,"depth":102,"text":141275,"children":141276},"Using split() with no separator",[141277],{"id":139763,"depth":150,"text":141278},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139926,"depth":102,"text":139927},{"id":140136,"depth":102,"text":141281},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140337,"depth":102,"text":141283},"What split() returns",{"id":140607,"depth":102,"text":140608,"children":141285},[141286,141287,141288],{"id":140614,"depth":150,"text":140615},{"id":140655,"depth":150,"text":140656},{"id":140709,"depth":150,"text":140710},{"id":140774,"depth":102,"text":141290},"When to use split()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":141292},[141293],{"id":60643,"depth":150,"text":60644},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":141295},[141296,141298,141300,141302],{"id":141195,"depth":150,"text":141297},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141212,"depth":150,"text":141299},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141222,"depth":150,"text":141301},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141230,"depth":150,"text":141231},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139284,"description":141304},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141311,"title":141312,"body":141313,"description":143256,"extension":2080,"meta":143257,"navigation":682,"path":143258,"seo":143259,"stem":143260,"__hash__":143261},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141314,"toc":143215},[141315,141320,141325,141332,141405,141410,141415,141420,141436,141438,141508,141510,141512,141532,141534,141579,141584,141586,141684,141689,141693,141698,141702,141705,141747,141751,141754,141799,141803,141806,141856,141860,141865,141917,141919,141924,141935,141940,142020,142022,142034,142043,142050,142065,142067,142182,142188,142192,142195,142200,142342,142345,142352,142354,142358,142366,142435,142441,142490,142495,142500,142502,142522,142524,142590,142592,142596,142599,142603,142644,142646,142679,142684,142687,142714,142716,142759,142766,142771,142781,142847,142851,142859,142864,142915,142919,142922,142924,142933,142935,142985,142987,143094,143096,143101,143108,143114,143117,143148,143153,143155,143162,143170,143179,143182,143184,143212],[10,141316,123290,141318,18],{"id":141317},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141319,127658],{},[20,141321,123295,141322,141324],{},[15,141323,127658],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141326,126356,141327,2997,141329,141331],{},[15,141328,3726],{},[15,141330,3799],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141333,141335],{"className":37,"code":141334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141336,141337,141350,141354,141379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141338,141339,141341,141343,141345,141348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141340,34608],{"class":50},[44,141342,55],{"class":54},[44,141344,75],{"class":62},[44,141346,141347],{"class":66},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141349,3479],{"class":62},[44,141351,141352],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141353,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,141355,141356,141358,141360,141362,141364,141367,141369,141371,141373,141375,141377],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,141357,154],{"class":153},[44,141359,157],{"class":58},[44,141361,34629],{"class":111},[44,141363,108],{"class":58},[44,141365,141366],{"class":111},"startswith",[44,141368,157],{"class":58},[44,141370,63],{"class":62},[44,141372,7428],{"class":66},[44,141374,63],{"class":62},[44,141376,5491],{"class":58},[44,141378,43783],{"class":168},[44,141380,141381,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391,141393,141395,141398,141400,141402],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,141382,154],{"class":153},[44,141384,157],{"class":58},[44,141386,34629],{"class":111},[44,141388,108],{"class":58},[44,141390,141366],{"class":111},[44,141392,157],{"class":58},[44,141394,63],{"class":62},[44,141396,141397],{"class":66},"Beginner",[44,141399,63],{"class":62},[44,141401,5491],{"class":58},[44,141403,141404],{"class":168}," # False\n",[20,141406,172,141407,141409],{},[15,141408,127658],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141411,179,141413,182],{"id":141412},"what-startswith-does",[15,141414,127658],{},[20,141416,141417,141419],{},[15,141418,127658],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[192,141421,141422,141425,141431,141433],{},[195,141423,141424],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[195,141426,214,141427,2997,141429],{},[15,141428,3726],{},[15,141430,3799],{},[195,141432,123433],{},[195,141434,141435],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141437,223],{},[35,141439,141441],{"className":37,"code":141440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141442,141443,141455,141459,141484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141444,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141446,8007],{"class":50},[44,141448,55],{"class":54},[44,141450,75],{"class":62},[44,141452,7428],{"class":66},[44,141454,3479],{"class":62},[44,141456,141457],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141458,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,141460,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141478,141480,141482],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,141462,154],{"class":153},[44,141464,157],{"class":58},[44,141466,67],{"class":111},[44,141468,108],{"class":58},[44,141470,141366],{"class":111},[44,141472,157],{"class":58},[44,141474,63],{"class":62},[44,141476,141477],{"class":66},"Py",[44,141479,63],{"class":62},[44,141481,5491],{"class":58},[44,141483,43783],{"class":168},[44,141485,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,141487,154],{"class":153},[44,141489,157],{"class":58},[44,141491,67],{"class":111},[44,141493,108],{"class":58},[44,141495,141366],{"class":111},[44,141497,157],{"class":58},[44,141499,63],{"class":62},[44,141501,128736],{"class":66},[44,141503,63],{"class":62},[44,141505,5491],{"class":58},[44,141507,43800],{"class":168},[30,141509,402],{"id":401},[20,141511,42312],{},[35,141513,141515],{"className":37,"code":141514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141516,141517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141518,141519,141521,141523,141525,141527,141530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141520,61108],{"class":50},[44,141522,108],{"class":58},[44,141524,141366],{"class":111},[44,141526,157],{"class":58},[44,141528,141529],{"class":111},"prefix",[44,141531,162],{"class":58},[20,141533,445],{},[35,141535,141537],{"className":37,"code":141536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141538,141539,141557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141540,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141553,141555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141542,61108],{"class":50},[44,141544,108],{"class":58},[44,141546,141366],{"class":111},[44,141548,157],{"class":58},[44,141550,141529],{"class":111},[44,141552,83],{"class":58},[44,141554,35974],{"class":111},[44,141556,162],{"class":58},[44,141558,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141560,61108],{"class":50},[44,141562,108],{"class":58},[44,141564,141366],{"class":111},[44,141566,157],{"class":58},[44,141568,141529],{"class":111},[44,141570,83],{"class":58},[44,141572,35974],{"class":111},[44,141574,83],{"class":58},[44,141576,64975],{"class":111},[44,141578,162],{"class":58},[20,141580,20843,141581,141583],{},[15,141582,141529],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141585,223],{},[35,141587,141589],{"className":37,"code":141588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141590,141591,141603,141607,141632,141656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141592,141593,141595,141597,141599,141601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141594,34608],{"class":50},[44,141596,55],{"class":54},[44,141598,75],{"class":62},[44,141600,60340],{"class":66},[44,141602,3479],{"class":62},[44,141604,141605],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141606,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,141608,141609,141611,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,141610,154],{"class":153},[44,141612,157],{"class":58},[44,141614,34629],{"class":111},[44,141616,108],{"class":58},[44,141618,141366],{"class":111},[44,141620,157],{"class":58},[44,141622,63],{"class":62},[44,141624,3971],{"class":66},[44,141626,63],{"class":62},[44,141628,5491],{"class":58},[44,141630,141631],{"class":168},"      # True\n",[44,141633,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652,141654],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,141635,154],{"class":153},[44,141637,157],{"class":58},[44,141639,34629],{"class":111},[44,141641,108],{"class":58},[44,141643,141366],{"class":111},[44,141645,157],{"class":58},[44,141647,63],{"class":62},[44,141649,60525],{"class":66},[44,141651,63],{"class":62},[44,141653,5491],{"class":58},[44,141655,21272],{"class":168},[44,141657,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,141659,154],{"class":153},[44,141661,157],{"class":58},[44,141663,34629],{"class":111},[44,141665,108],{"class":58},[44,141667,141366],{"class":111},[44,141669,157],{"class":58},[44,141671,63],{"class":62},[44,141673,60525],{"class":66},[44,141675,63],{"class":62},[44,141677,83],{"class":58},[44,141679,37568],{"class":95},[44,141681,5491],{"class":58},[44,141683,43783],{"class":168},[20,141685,141686,141687,108],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[395,141688,125045],{"href":50906},[30,141690,141692],{"id":141691},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141694,141695,141697],{},[15,141696,127658],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1960,141699,141700],{"id":141529},[15,141701,141529],{},[20,141703,141704],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141706,141708],{"className":37,"code":141707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141709,141710,141722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141711,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141713,34608],{"class":50},[44,141715,55],{"class":54},[44,141717,75],{"class":62},[44,141719,4216],{"class":66},[44,141721,3479],{"class":62},[44,141723,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141741,141743,141745],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141725,154],{"class":153},[44,141727,157],{"class":58},[44,141729,34629],{"class":111},[44,141731,108],{"class":58},[44,141733,141366],{"class":111},[44,141735,157],{"class":58},[44,141737,63],{"class":62},[44,141739,141740],{"class":66},"ban",[44,141742,63],{"class":62},[44,141744,5491],{"class":58},[44,141746,3789],{"class":168},[1960,141748,141749],{"id":35995},[15,141750,35995],{},[20,141752,141753],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141755,141757],{"className":37,"code":141756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141758,141759,141771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141760,141761,141763,141765,141767,141769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141762,34608],{"class":50},[44,141764,55],{"class":54},[44,141766,75],{"class":62},[44,141768,60340],{"class":66},[44,141770,3479],{"class":62},[44,141772,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141774,154],{"class":153},[44,141776,157],{"class":58},[44,141778,34629],{"class":111},[44,141780,108],{"class":58},[44,141782,141366],{"class":111},[44,141784,157],{"class":58},[44,141786,63],{"class":62},[44,141788,60525],{"class":66},[44,141790,63],{"class":62},[44,141792,83],{"class":58},[44,141794,37568],{"class":95},[44,141796,5491],{"class":58},[44,141798,3789],{"class":168},[1960,141800,141801],{"id":52592},[15,141802,52592],{},[20,141804,141805],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141807,141809],{"className":37,"code":141808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141810,141811,141823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141812,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141814,34608],{"class":50},[44,141816,55],{"class":54},[44,141818,75],{"class":62},[44,141820,60340],{"class":66},[44,141822,3479],{"class":62},[44,141824,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141842,141844,141846,141848,141850,141852,141854],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141826,154],{"class":153},[44,141828,157],{"class":58},[44,141830,34629],{"class":111},[44,141832,108],{"class":58},[44,141834,141366],{"class":111},[44,141836,157],{"class":58},[44,141838,63],{"class":62},[44,141840,141841],{"class":66},"wor",[44,141843,63],{"class":62},[44,141845,83],{"class":58},[44,141847,37568],{"class":95},[44,141849,83],{"class":58},[44,141851,54068],{"class":95},[44,141853,5491],{"class":58},[44,141855,3789],{"class":168},[1960,141857,141859],{"id":141858},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141861,141862,141864],{},[15,141863,141529],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141866,141868],{"className":37,"code":141867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141869,141870,141883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141871,141872,141874,141876,141878,141881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141873,126373],{"class":50},[44,141875,55],{"class":54},[44,141877,75],{"class":62},[44,141879,141880],{"class":66},"img_001.png",[44,141882,3479],{"class":62},[44,141884,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141902,141904,141906,141908,141911,141913,141915],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141886,154],{"class":153},[44,141888,157],{"class":58},[44,141890,126391],{"class":111},[44,141892,108],{"class":58},[44,141894,141366],{"class":111},[44,141896,5640],{"class":58},[44,141898,63],{"class":62},[44,141900,141901],{"class":66},"img_",[44,141903,63],{"class":62},[44,141905,83],{"class":58},[44,141907,75],{"class":62},[44,141909,141910],{"class":66},"photo_",[44,141912,63],{"class":62},[44,141914,51022],{"class":58},[44,141916,3789],{"class":168},[30,141918,1293],{"id":1292},[20,141920,141921,141923],{},[15,141922,127658],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[192,141925,141926,141931],{},[195,141927,141928,141930],{},[15,141929,3726],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[195,141932,141933,126975],{},[15,141934,3799],{},[20,141936,141937,141938,7303],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141939,7128],{},[35,141941,141943],{"className":37,"code":141942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141944,141945,141959,141963,141984,141999,142005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141946,141947,141950,141952,141954,141957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141948,141949],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141951,55],{"class":54},[44,141953,75],{"class":62},[44,141955,141956],{"class":66},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141958,3479],{"class":62},[44,141960,141961],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,141962,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,141964,141965,141967,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,141966,7128],{"class":4002},[44,141968,141969],{"class":50}," command",[44,141971,108],{"class":58},[44,141973,141366],{"class":111},[44,141975,157],{"class":58},[44,141977,63],{"class":62},[44,141979,127182],{"class":66},[44,141981,63],{"class":62},[44,141983,8473],{"class":58},[44,141985,141986,141988,141990,141992,141995,141997],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,141987,8200],{"class":153},[44,141989,157],{"class":58},[44,141991,63],{"class":62},[44,141993,141994],{"class":66},"This looks like a command.",[44,141996,63],{"class":62},[44,141998,162],{"class":58},[44,142000,142001,142003],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,142002,27502],{"class":4002},[44,142004,6523],{"class":58},[44,142006,142007,142009,142011,142013,142016,142018],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,142008,8200],{"class":153},[44,142010,157],{"class":58},[44,142012,63],{"class":62},[44,142014,142015],{"class":66},"This is normal text.",[44,142017,63],{"class":62},[44,142019,162],{"class":58},[20,142021,330],{},[35,142023,142025],{"className":37,"code":142024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142026,142027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142028,142029,142032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142030,142031],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,142033,122322],{"class":58},[30,142035,567,142037,8835,142039,4523,142041],{"id":142036},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142038,127658],{},[15,142040,35995],{},[15,142042,52592],{},[20,142044,22,142045,4523,142047,142049],{},[15,142046,35995],{},[15,142048,52592],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[192,142051,142052,142057,142062],{},[195,142053,142054,142056],{},[15,142055,35995],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[195,142058,142059,142061],{},[15,142060,52592],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[195,142063,142064],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142066,223],{},[35,142068,142070],{"className":37,"code":142069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142071,142072,142084,142088,142117,142150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142073,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142075,34608],{"class":50},[44,142077,55],{"class":54},[44,142079,75],{"class":62},[44,142081,139569],{"class":66},[44,142083,3479],{"class":62},[44,142085,142086],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142087,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142089,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142091,154],{"class":153},[44,142093,157],{"class":58},[44,142095,34629],{"class":111},[44,142097,108],{"class":58},[44,142099,141366],{"class":111},[44,142101,157],{"class":58},[44,142103,63],{"class":62},[44,142105,79206],{"class":66},[44,142107,63],{"class":62},[44,142109,83],{"class":58},[44,142111,2574],{"class":95},[44,142113,5491],{"class":58},[44,142115,142116],{"class":168},"        # True\n",[44,142118,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142146,142148],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,142120,154],{"class":153},[44,142122,157],{"class":58},[44,142124,34629],{"class":111},[44,142126,108],{"class":58},[44,142128,141366],{"class":111},[44,142130,157],{"class":58},[44,142132,63],{"class":62},[44,142134,134176],{"class":66},[44,142136,63],{"class":62},[44,142138,83],{"class":58},[44,142140,6489],{"class":95},[44,142142,83],{"class":58},[44,142144,142145],{"class":95}," 13",[44,142147,5491],{"class":58},[44,142149,3789],{"class":168},[44,142151,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,142153,154],{"class":153},[44,142155,157],{"class":58},[44,142157,34629],{"class":111},[44,142159,108],{"class":58},[44,142161,141366],{"class":111},[44,142163,157],{"class":58},[44,142165,63],{"class":62},[44,142167,134176],{"class":66},[44,142169,63],{"class":62},[44,142171,83],{"class":58},[44,142173,6489],{"class":95},[44,142175,83],{"class":58},[44,142177,635],{"class":95},[44,142179,5491],{"class":58},[44,142181,4903],{"class":168},[20,142183,142184,142185,142187],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142186,52592],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,142189,142191],{"id":142190},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142193,142194],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142196,142197,142198,49278],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142199,40763],{},[35,142201,142203],{"className":37,"code":142202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142204,142205,142219,142233,142247,142251,142275,142279,142300,142321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142206,142207,142210,142212,142214,142217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142208,142209],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,142211,55],{"class":54},[44,142213,75],{"class":62},[44,142215,142216],{"class":66},"img_101.jpg",[44,142218,3479],{"class":62},[44,142220,142221,142224,142226,142228,142231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142222,142223],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,142225,55],{"class":54},[44,142227,75],{"class":62},[44,142229,142230],{"class":66},"photo_202.jpg",[44,142232,3479],{"class":62},[44,142234,142235,142238,142240,142242,142245],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142236,142237],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,142239,55],{"class":54},[44,142241,75],{"class":62},[44,142243,142244],{"class":66},"doc_303.jpg",[44,142246,3479],{"class":62},[44,142248,142249],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,142250,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142252,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,142254,127585],{"class":50},[44,142256,55],{"class":54},[44,142258,857],{"class":58},[44,142260,63],{"class":62},[44,142262,141901],{"class":66},[44,142264,63],{"class":62},[44,142266,83],{"class":58},[44,142268,75],{"class":62},[44,142270,141910],{"class":66},[44,142272,63],{"class":62},[44,142274,162],{"class":58},[44,142276,142277],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,142278,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142280,142281,142283,142285,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,142282,154],{"class":153},[44,142284,157],{"class":58},[44,142286,142287],{"class":111},"filename1",[44,142289,108],{"class":58},[44,142291,141366],{"class":111},[44,142293,157],{"class":58},[44,142295,127637],{"class":111},[44,142297,5491],{"class":58},[44,142299,3789],{"class":168},[44,142301,142302,142304,142306,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,142303,154],{"class":153},[44,142305,157],{"class":58},[44,142307,142308],{"class":111},"filename2",[44,142310,108],{"class":58},[44,142312,141366],{"class":111},[44,142314,157],{"class":58},[44,142316,127637],{"class":111},[44,142318,5491],{"class":58},[44,142320,3789],{"class":168},[44,142322,142323,142325,142327,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,142324,154],{"class":153},[44,142326,157],{"class":58},[44,142328,142329],{"class":111},"filename3",[44,142331,108],{"class":58},[44,142333,141366],{"class":111},[44,142335,157],{"class":58},[44,142337,127637],{"class":111},[44,142339,5491],{"class":58},[44,142341,4903],{"class":168},[20,142343,142344],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142346,74707,142347,142351],{},[395,142348,126290,142349,10852],{"href":129884},[15,142350,126348],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142353,123937],{"id":123936},[20,142355,142356,123748],{},[15,142357,127658],{},[20,142359,127335,142360,4523,142363,127342],{},[15,142361,142362],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142364,142365],{},"\"python\"",[35,142367,142369],{"className":37,"code":142368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142370,142371,142383,142387,142411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142372,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142374,34608],{"class":50},[44,142376,55],{"class":54},[44,142378,75],{"class":62},[44,142380,7428],{"class":66},[44,142382,3479],{"class":62},[44,142384,142385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142386,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142390,154],{"class":153},[44,142392,157],{"class":58},[44,142394,34629],{"class":111},[44,142396,108],{"class":58},[44,142398,141366],{"class":111},[44,142400,157],{"class":58},[44,142402,63],{"class":62},[44,142404,141477],{"class":66},[44,142406,63],{"class":62},[44,142408,5491],{"class":58},[44,142410,3789],{"class":168},[44,142412,142413,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,142414,154],{"class":153},[44,142416,157],{"class":58},[44,142418,34629],{"class":111},[44,142420,108],{"class":58},[44,142422,141366],{"class":111},[44,142424,157],{"class":58},[44,142426,63],{"class":62},[44,142428,128736],{"class":66},[44,142430,63],{"class":62},[44,142432,5491],{"class":58},[44,142434,4903],{"class":168},[20,142436,127427,142437,108],{},[395,142438,142439],{"href":124017},[15,142440,124020],{},[35,142442,142444],{"className":37,"code":142443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142445,142446,142458,142462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142447,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142449,34608],{"class":50},[44,142451,55],{"class":54},[44,142453,75],{"class":62},[44,142455,7428],{"class":66},[44,142457,3479],{"class":62},[44,142459,142460],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142461,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142463,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476,142478,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142465,154],{"class":153},[44,142467,157],{"class":58},[44,142469,34629],{"class":111},[44,142471,108],{"class":58},[44,142473,8771],{"class":111},[44,142475,8768],{"class":58},[44,142477,141366],{"class":111},[44,142479,157],{"class":58},[44,142481,63],{"class":62},[44,142483,128736],{"class":66},[44,142485,63],{"class":62},[44,142487,5491],{"class":58},[44,142489,3789],{"class":168},[30,142491,1551,142493],{"id":142492},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142494,127658],{},[20,142496,142497,142499],{},[15,142498,127658],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142501,9490],{},[192,142503,142504,142507,142510,142519],{},[195,142505,142506],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[195,142508,142509],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[195,142511,142512,142513,2997,142516],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142514,142515],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142517,142518],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[195,142520,142521],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142523,223],{},[35,142525,142527],{"className":37,"code":142526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142528,142529,142542,142546,142575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142530,142531,142533,142535,142537,142540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142532,127153],{"class":50},[44,142534,55],{"class":54},[44,142536,75],{"class":62},[44,142538,142539],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142541,3479],{"class":62},[44,142543,142544],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142545,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142547,142548,142550,142553,142555,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142549,7128],{"class":4002},[44,142551,142552],{"class":50}," url",[44,142554,108],{"class":58},[44,142556,141366],{"class":111},[44,142558,5640],{"class":58},[44,142560,63],{"class":62},[44,142562,142515],{"class":66},[44,142564,63],{"class":62},[44,142566,83],{"class":58},[44,142568,75],{"class":62},[44,142570,142518],{"class":66},[44,142572,63],{"class":62},[44,142574,69498],{"class":58},[44,142576,142577,142579,142581,142583,142586,142588],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,142578,8200],{"class":153},[44,142580,157],{"class":58},[44,142582,63],{"class":62},[44,142584,142585],{"class":66},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142587,63],{"class":62},[44,142589,162],{"class":58},[30,142591,1803],{"id":1802},[20,142593,23165,142594,108],{},[15,142595,127658],{},[1960,142597,138730],{"id":142598},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142600,142601,123748],{},[15,142602,127658],{},[35,142604,142606],{"className":37,"code":142605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142607,142608,142620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142609,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142611,34608],{"class":50},[44,142613,55],{"class":54},[44,142615,75],{"class":62},[44,142617,7428],{"class":66},[44,142619,3479],{"class":62},[44,142621,142622,142624,142626,142628,142630,142632,142634,142636,142638,142640,142642],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142623,154],{"class":153},[44,142625,157],{"class":58},[44,142627,34629],{"class":111},[44,142629,108],{"class":58},[44,142631,141366],{"class":111},[44,142633,157],{"class":58},[44,142635,63],{"class":62},[44,142637,39],{"class":66},[44,142639,63],{"class":62},[44,142641,5491],{"class":58},[44,142643,4903],{"class":168},[20,142645,39187],{},[35,142647,142649],{"className":37,"code":142648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142650,142651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142654,154],{"class":153},[44,142656,157],{"class":58},[44,142658,34629],{"class":111},[44,142660,108],{"class":58},[44,142662,8771],{"class":111},[44,142664,8768],{"class":58},[44,142666,141366],{"class":111},[44,142668,157],{"class":58},[44,142670,63],{"class":62},[44,142672,39],{"class":66},[44,142674,63],{"class":62},[44,142676,5491],{"class":58},[44,142678,3789],{"class":168},[1960,142680,29716,142682,137212],{"id":142681},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142683,127658],{},[20,142685,142686],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142688,142690],{"className":37,"code":142689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142691,142692,142700,142704,142709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142693,142694,142696,142698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142695,2564],{"class":50},[44,142697,55],{"class":54},[44,142699,124972],{"class":95},[44,142701,142702],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142703,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142705,142706],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142707,142708],{"class":168},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142710,142711],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,142712,142713],{"class":168},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142715,39187],{},[35,142717,142719],{"className":37,"code":142718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142720,142721,142735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142722,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142724,2564],{"class":50},[44,142726,55],{"class":54},[44,142728,48834],{"class":1861},[44,142730,157],{"class":58},[44,142732,50176],{"class":95},[44,142734,162],{"class":58},[44,142736,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142738,154],{"class":153},[44,142740,157],{"class":58},[44,142742,2590],{"class":111},[44,142744,108],{"class":58},[44,142746,141366],{"class":111},[44,142748,157],{"class":58},[44,142750,63],{"class":62},[44,142752,3108],{"class":66},[44,142754,63],{"class":62},[44,142756,5491],{"class":58},[44,142758,3789],{"class":168},[1960,142760,37128,142762,8835,142764],{"id":142761},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142763,127658],{},[15,142765,4009],{},[20,142767,142768,142770],{},[15,142769,127658],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142772,142773,142774,142776,142777,108],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142775,4009],{}," or methods like ",[395,142778,142779],{"href":124300},[15,142780,124285],{},[35,142782,142784],{"className":37,"code":142783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142785,142786,142798,142802,142826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142789,34608],{"class":50},[44,142791,55],{"class":54},[44,142793,75],{"class":62},[44,142795,60340],{"class":66},[44,142797,3479],{"class":62},[44,142799,142800],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142801,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142803,142804,142806,142808,142810,142812,142814,142816,142818,142820,142822,142824],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142805,154],{"class":153},[44,142807,157],{"class":58},[44,142809,34629],{"class":111},[44,142811,108],{"class":58},[44,142813,141366],{"class":111},[44,142815,157],{"class":58},[44,142817,63],{"class":62},[44,142819,60525],{"class":66},[44,142821,63],{"class":62},[44,142823,5491],{"class":58},[44,142825,4903],{"class":168},[44,142827,142828,142830,142832,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842,142844],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,142829,154],{"class":153},[44,142831,157],{"class":58},[44,142833,63],{"class":62},[44,142835,60525],{"class":66},[44,142837,63],{"class":62},[44,142839,21245],{"class":4002},[44,142841,42769],{"class":111},[44,142843,3786],{"class":58},[44,142845,142846],{"class":168},"           # True\n",[20,142848,135764,142849,108],{},[395,142850,127326],{"href":123545},[1960,142852,4836,142854,4523,142856,142858],{"id":142853},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142855,35995],{},[15,142857,52592],{}," use index positions",[20,142860,142861,142862,108],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142863,2237],{},[35,142865,142867],{"className":37,"code":142866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142868,142869,142882,142886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142870,142871,142873,142875,142877,142880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142872,34608],{"class":50},[44,142874,55],{"class":54},[44,142876,75],{"class":62},[44,142878,142879],{"class":66},"abcdef",[44,142881,3479],{"class":62},[44,142883,142884],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142885,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,142889,154],{"class":153},[44,142891,157],{"class":58},[44,142893,34629],{"class":111},[44,142895,108],{"class":58},[44,142897,141366],{"class":111},[44,142899,157],{"class":58},[44,142901,63],{"class":62},[44,142903,142904],{"class":66},"cd",[44,142906,63],{"class":62},[44,142908,83],{"class":58},[44,142910,1012],{"class":95},[44,142912,5491],{"class":58},[44,142914,3789],{"class":168},[1960,142916,142918],{"id":142917},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142920,142921],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142923,16725],{},[35,142925,142927],{"className":37,"code":142926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142928,142929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142930,142931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142932,142926],{"class":168},[20,142934,1436],{},[35,142936,142938],{"className":37,"code":142937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142939,142940,142952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142941,142942,142944,142946,142948,142950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142943,34608],{"class":50},[44,142945,55],{"class":54},[44,142947,75],{"class":62},[44,142949,7428],{"class":66},[44,142951,3479],{"class":62},[44,142953,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142979,142981,142983],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,142955,154],{"class":153},[44,142957,157],{"class":58},[44,142959,34629],{"class":111},[44,142961,108],{"class":58},[44,142963,141366],{"class":111},[44,142965,5640],{"class":58},[44,142967,63],{"class":62},[44,142969,141477],{"class":66},[44,142971,63],{"class":62},[44,142973,83],{"class":58},[44,142975,75],{"class":62},[44,142977,142978],{"class":66},"Ja",[44,142980,63],{"class":62},[44,142982,51022],{"class":58},[44,142984,3789],{"class":168},[20,142986,1836],{},[35,142988,142990],{"className":37,"code":142989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142991,142992,143002,143016,143038,143064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142993,142994,142996,142998,143000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142995,154],{"class":153},[44,142997,157],{"class":58},[44,142999,34629],{"class":111},[44,143001,162],{"class":58},[44,143003,143004,143006,143008,143010,143012,143014],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143005,154],{"class":153},[44,143007,157],{"class":58},[44,143009,1862],{"class":1861},[44,143011,157],{"class":58},[44,143013,34629],{"class":111},[44,143015,1869],{"class":58},[44,143017,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,143019,154],{"class":153},[44,143021,157],{"class":58},[44,143023,34629],{"class":111},[44,143025,108],{"class":58},[44,143027,141366],{"class":111},[44,143029,157],{"class":58},[44,143031,63],{"class":62},[44,143033,141477],{"class":66},[44,143035,63],{"class":62},[44,143037,1869],{"class":58},[44,143039,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056,143058,143060,143062],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,143041,154],{"class":153},[44,143043,157],{"class":58},[44,143045,34629],{"class":111},[44,143047,108],{"class":58},[44,143049,8771],{"class":111},[44,143051,8768],{"class":58},[44,143053,141366],{"class":111},[44,143055,157],{"class":58},[44,143057,63],{"class":62},[44,143059,128736],{"class":66},[44,143061,63],{"class":62},[44,143063,1869],{"class":58},[44,143065,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,143067,154],{"class":153},[44,143069,157],{"class":58},[44,143071,34629],{"class":111},[44,143073,108],{"class":58},[44,143075,141366],{"class":111},[44,143077,5640],{"class":58},[44,143079,63],{"class":62},[44,143081,141477],{"class":66},[44,143083,63],{"class":62},[44,143085,83],{"class":58},[44,143087,75],{"class":62},[44,143089,142978],{"class":66},[44,143091,63],{"class":62},[44,143093,3031],{"class":58},[30,143095,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,143097,1963,143099,128136],{"id":143098},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143100,127658],{},[20,143102,143103,143104,2997,143106,108],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143105,3726],{},[15,143107,3799],{},[1960,143109,1984,143111,143113],{"id":143110},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143112,127658],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143115,143116],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,143118,143120],{"className":37,"code":143119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143121,143122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143123,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143125,34629],{"class":50},[44,143127,108],{"class":58},[44,143129,141366],{"class":111},[44,143131,5640],{"class":58},[44,143133,63],{"class":62},[44,143135,395],{"class":66},[44,143137,63],{"class":62},[44,143139,83],{"class":58},[44,143141,75],{"class":62},[44,143143,1005],{"class":66},[44,143145,63],{"class":62},[44,143147,1869],{"class":58},[1960,143149,14989,143151,124626],{"id":143150},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143152,127658],{},[20,143154,129819],{},[1960,143156,2007,143158,4523,143160,2610],{"id":143157},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143159,127658],{},[15,143161,4009],{},[20,143163,143164,143166,143167,143169],{},[15,143165,127658],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143168,4009],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1960,143171,1994,143173,4523,143175,8835,143177,2610],{"id":143172},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143174,35995],{},[15,143176,52592],{},[15,143178,127658],{},[20,143180,143181],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,143183,2020],{"id":2019},[192,143185,143186,143192,143198,143204,143208],{},[195,143187,143188],{},[395,143189,126290,143190,10852],{"href":129884},[15,143191,126348],{},[195,143193,143194],{},[395,143195,126290,143196,10852],{"href":124300},[15,143197,124285],{},[195,143199,143200],{},[395,143201,126290,143202,10852],{"href":124017},[15,143203,124020],{},[195,143205,143206],{},[395,143207,124689],{"href":123545},[195,143209,143210],{},[395,143211,125045],{"href":50906},[2048,143213,143214],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":143216},[143217,143219,143220,143226,143227,143229,143230,143231,143233,143243,143255],{"id":141412,"depth":102,"text":143218},"What startswith() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":141691,"depth":102,"text":141692,"children":143221},[143222,143223,143224,143225],{"id":141529,"depth":150,"text":141529},{"id":35995,"depth":150,"text":35995},{"id":52592,"depth":150,"text":52592},{"id":141858,"depth":150,"text":141859},{"id":1292,"depth":102,"text":1293},{"id":142036,"depth":102,"text":143228},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142190,"depth":102,"text":142191},{"id":123936,"depth":102,"text":123937},{"id":142492,"depth":102,"text":143232},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":143234},[143235,143236,143238,143240,143242],{"id":142598,"depth":150,"text":138730},{"id":142681,"depth":150,"text":143237},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142761,"depth":150,"text":143239},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142853,"depth":150,"text":143241},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142917,"depth":150,"text":142918},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":143244},[143245,143247,143249,143251,143253],{"id":143098,"depth":150,"text":143246},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143110,"depth":150,"text":143248},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143150,"depth":150,"text":143250},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143157,"depth":150,"text":143252},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143172,"depth":150,"text":143254},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141312,"description":143256},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143263,"title":143264,"body":143265,"description":144719,"extension":2080,"meta":144720,"navigation":682,"path":144721,"seo":144722,"stem":144723,"__hash__":144724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143266,"toc":144689},[143267,143272,143277,143280,143282,143326,143328,143336,143341,143346,143351,143353,143371,143373,143419,143421,143435,143444,143448,143450,143452,143464,143469,143472,143504,143506,143515,143520,143523,143564,143566,143574,143576,143589,143595,143599,143602,143618,143620,143669,143671,143680,143683,143742,143744,143753,143760,143763,143816,143818,143842,143849,143855,143859,143865,143868,143879,143881,143921,143923,143931,143933,143973,143975,143984,143986,144004,144007,144014,144025,144028,144045,144047,144124,144126,144157,144160,144162,144165,144191,144193,144233,144235,144244,144254,144262,144270,144275,144280,144282,144296,144298,144349,144351,144360,144370,144372,144374,144396,144399,144478,144480,144516,144519,144594,144599,144601,144607,144612,144617,144620,144626,144629,144636,144644,144648,144656,144658,144686],[10,143268,123290,143270,18],{"id":143269},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143271,41580],{},[20,143273,32236,143274,143276],{},[15,143275,41580],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143278,143279],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,143281,3731],{"id":3730},[35,143283,143285],{"className":37,"code":143284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143286,143287,143300,143315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143288,143289,143291,143293,143295,143298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143290,34608],{"class":50},[44,143292,55],{"class":54},[44,143294,75],{"class":62},[44,143296,143297],{"class":66},"  hello  ",[44,143299,3479],{"class":62},[44,143301,143302,143305,143307,143309,143311,143313],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143303,143304],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,143306,55],{"class":54},[44,143308,42769],{"class":50},[44,143310,108],{"class":58},[44,143312,8765],{"class":111},[44,143314,1635],{"class":58},[44,143316,143317,143319,143321,143324],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,143318,154],{"class":153},[44,143320,157],{"class":58},[44,143322,143323],{"class":111},"clean_text",[44,143325,162],{"class":58},[20,143327,330],{},[35,143329,143330],{"className":37,"code":138605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143331,143332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143333,143334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143335,138605],{"class":50},[20,143337,172,143338,143340],{},[15,143339,41580],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143342,179,143344,182],{"id":143343},"what-strip-does",[15,143345,41580],{},[20,143347,143348,143350],{},[15,143349,41580],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143352,13148],{},[192,143354,143355,143359,143362,143365,143368],{},[195,143356,143357,131640],{},[15,143358,41580],{},[195,143360,143361],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[195,143363,143364],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[195,143366,143367],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[195,143369,143370],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143372,223],{},[35,143374,143376],{"className":37,"code":143375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143377,143378,143391,143395,143409],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143379,143380,143382,143384,143386,143389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143381,34608],{"class":50},[44,143383,55],{"class":54},[44,143385,75],{"class":62},[44,143387,143388],{"class":66},"  hello world  ",[44,143390,3479],{"class":62},[44,143392,143393],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143394,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,143396,143397,143399,143401,143403,143405,143407],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,143398,154],{"class":153},[44,143400,157],{"class":58},[44,143402,34629],{"class":111},[44,143404,108],{"class":58},[44,143406,8765],{"class":111},[44,143408,7325],{"class":58},[44,143410,143411,143413,143415,143417],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,143412,154],{"class":153},[44,143414,157],{"class":58},[44,143416,34629],{"class":111},[44,143418,162],{"class":58},[20,143420,330],{},[35,143422,143424],{"className":37,"code":143423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143425,143426,143430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143427,143428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143429,134306],{"class":50},[44,143431,143432],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143433,143434],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143436,143437,143438,143440,143441,143443],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143439,41580],{},", but the original ",[15,143442,34629],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143445,125042,143446,108],{},[395,143447,125045],{"href":50906},[30,143449,402],{"id":401},[20,143451,26555],{},[192,143453,143454,143459],{},[195,143455,143456],{},[15,143457,143458],{},"string.strip()",[195,143460,143461],{},[15,143462,143463],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1960,143465,143467],{"id":143466},"stringstrip",[15,143468,143458],{},[20,143470,143471],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143473,143475],{"className":37,"code":143474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143476,143477,143490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143478,143479,143481,143483,143485,143488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143480,8007],{"class":50},[44,143482,55],{"class":54},[44,143484,75],{"class":62},[44,143486,143487],{"class":66},"  Alice  ",[44,143489,3479],{"class":62},[44,143491,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500,143502],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143493,154],{"class":153},[44,143495,157],{"class":58},[44,143497,67],{"class":111},[44,143499,108],{"class":58},[44,143501,8765],{"class":111},[44,143503,7325],{"class":58},[20,143505,330],{},[35,143507,143509],{"className":37,"code":143508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,143510,143511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143512,143513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143514,143508],{"class":50},[1960,143516,143518],{"id":143517},"stringstripchars",[15,143519,143463],{},[20,143521,143522],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,143524,143526],{"className":37,"code":143525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143527,143528,143541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143529,143530,143532,143534,143536,143539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143531,34608],{"class":50},[44,143533,55],{"class":54},[44,143535,75],{"class":62},[44,143537,143538],{"class":66},"!!hello??",[44,143540,3479],{"class":62},[44,143542,143543,143545,143547,143549,143551,143553,143555,143557,143560,143562],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143544,154],{"class":153},[44,143546,157],{"class":58},[44,143548,34629],{"class":111},[44,143550,108],{"class":58},[44,143552,8765],{"class":111},[44,143554,157],{"class":58},[44,143556,63],{"class":62},[44,143558,143559],{"class":66},"!?",[44,143561,63],{"class":62},[44,143563,1869],{"class":58},[20,143565,330],{},[35,143567,143568],{"className":37,"code":138605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143569,143570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143571,143572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143573,138605],{"class":50},[20,143575,83756],{},[192,143577,143578,143583],{},[195,143579,143580,143582],{},[15,143581,134549],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[195,143584,143585,143586,143588],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143587,134549],{}," does not matter",[30,143590,143592,143593],{"id":143591},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143594,41580],{},[20,143596,573,143597,108],{},[15,143598,41580],{},[20,143600,143601],{},"It is useful for:",[192,143603,143604,143609,143612,143615],{},[195,143605,143606,143607,4012],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143608,3077],{},[195,143610,143611],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[195,143613,143614],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[195,143616,143617],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143619,48291],{},[35,143621,143623],{"className":37,"code":143622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143624,143625,143638,143654,143658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143626,143627,143629,143631,143633,143636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143628,8092],{"class":50},[44,143630,55],{"class":54},[44,143632,75],{"class":62},[44,143634,143635],{"class":66},"  sam  ",[44,143637,3479],{"class":62},[44,143639,143640,143643,143645,143648,143650,143652],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143641,143642],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,143644,55],{"class":54},[44,143646,143647],{"class":50}," username",[44,143649,108],{"class":58},[44,143651,8765],{"class":111},[44,143653,1635],{"class":58},[44,143655,143656],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,143657,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,143659,143660,143662,143664,143667],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,143661,154],{"class":153},[44,143663,157],{"class":58},[44,143665,143666],{"class":111},"clean_username",[44,143668,162],{"class":58},[20,143670,330],{},[35,143672,143674],{"className":37,"code":143673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,143675,143676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143677,143678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143679,143673],{"class":50},[20,143681,143682],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143684,143686],{"className":37,"code":143685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143687,143688,143701,143705,143727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143689,143690,143692,143694,143696,143699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143691,136533],{"class":50},[44,143693,55],{"class":54},[44,143695,75],{"class":62},[44,143697,143698],{"class":66}," yes  ",[44,143700,3479],{"class":62},[44,143702,143703],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143704,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,143706,143707,143709,143711,143713,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,143708,7128],{"class":4002},[44,143710,136553],{"class":50},[44,143712,108],{"class":58},[44,143714,8765],{"class":111},[44,143716,7497],{"class":58},[44,143718,6538],{"class":54},[44,143720,75],{"class":62},[44,143722,8788],{"class":66},[44,143724,63],{"class":62},[44,143726,6523],{"class":58},[44,143728,143729,143731,143733,143735,143738,143740],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,143730,8200],{"class":153},[44,143732,157],{"class":58},[44,143734,63],{"class":62},[44,143736,143737],{"class":66},"Matched",[44,143739,63],{"class":62},[44,143741,162],{"class":58},[20,143743,330],{},[35,143745,143747],{"className":37,"code":143746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143748,143749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143750,143751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143752,143746],{"class":50},[20,143754,143755,143756,108],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[395,143757,143759],{"href":143758},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143761,143762],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143764,143766],{"className":37,"code":143765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143767,143768,143784,143798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143769,143770,143773,143775,143777,143780,143782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143771,143772],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143774,55],{"class":54},[44,143776,75],{"class":62},[44,143778,143779],{"class":66},"Python basics",[44,143781,87088],{"class":34373},[44,143783,3479],{"class":62},[44,143785,143786,143788,143790,143792,143794,143796],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143787,154],{"class":153},[44,143789,157],{"class":58},[44,143791,41706],{"class":153},[44,143793,157],{"class":58},[44,143795,46],{"class":111},[44,143797,1869],{"class":58},[44,143799,143800,143802,143804,143806,143808,143810,143812,143814],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,143801,154],{"class":153},[44,143803,157],{"class":58},[44,143805,41706],{"class":153},[44,143807,157],{"class":58},[44,143809,46],{"class":111},[44,143811,108],{"class":58},[44,143813,8765],{"class":111},[44,143815,6419],{"class":58},[20,143817,330],{},[35,143819,143821],{"className":37,"code":143820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143822,143823,143834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143824,143825,143827,143829,143832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143826,343],{"class":43256},[44,143828,143779],{"class":43260},[44,143830,87088],{"class":143831},"sfi6f",[44,143833,29766],{"class":43256},[44,143835,143836,143838,143840],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143837,343],{"class":43256},[44,143839,143779],{"class":43260},[44,143841,29766],{"class":43256},[20,143843,567,143844,143846,143847,108],{},[15,143845,122504],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143848,87088],{},[20,143850,143851,143852,108],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[395,143853,143854],{"href":87741},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,143856,143858],{"id":143857},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143860,143861,143862,108],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143863,143864],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143866,143867],{},"Python will:",[192,143869,143870,143873,143876],{},[195,143871,143872],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[195,143874,143875],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[195,143877,143878],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143880,223],{},[35,143882,143884],{"className":37,"code":143883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143885,143886,143899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143887,143888,143890,143892,143894,143897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143889,34608],{"class":50},[44,143891,55],{"class":54},[44,143893,75],{"class":62},[44,143895,143896],{"class":66},"??hello!!",[44,143898,3479],{"class":62},[44,143900,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911,143913,143915,143917,143919],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143902,154],{"class":153},[44,143904,157],{"class":58},[44,143906,34629],{"class":111},[44,143908,108],{"class":58},[44,143910,8765],{"class":111},[44,143912,157],{"class":58},[44,143914,63],{"class":62},[44,143916,143559],{"class":66},[44,143918,63],{"class":62},[44,143920,1869],{"class":58},[20,143922,330],{},[35,143924,143925],{"className":37,"code":138605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143926,143927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143928,143929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143930,138605],{"class":50},[20,143932,52011],{},[35,143934,143936],{"className":37,"code":143935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143937,143938,143951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143939,143940,143942,143944,143946,143949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143941,34608],{"class":50},[44,143943,55],{"class":54},[44,143945,75],{"class":62},[44,143947,143948],{"class":66},"abcHelloCba",[44,143950,3479],{"class":62},[44,143952,143953,143955,143957,143959,143961,143963,143965,143967,143969,143971],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,143954,154],{"class":153},[44,143956,157],{"class":58},[44,143958,34629],{"class":111},[44,143960,108],{"class":58},[44,143962,8765],{"class":111},[44,143964,157],{"class":58},[44,143966,63],{"class":62},[44,143968,41487],{"class":66},[44,143970,63],{"class":62},[44,143972,1869],{"class":58},[20,143974,330],{},[35,143976,143978],{"className":37,"code":143977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143979,143980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143981,143982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143983,143977],{"class":50},[20,143985,6364],{},[20,143987,143988,14140,143991,143993,143994,143996,143997,2307,143999,2311,144001,144003],{},[15,143989,143990],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3868,143992,4762],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143995,41487],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143998,395],{},[15,144000,1005],{},[15,144002,9855],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144005,144006],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144008,144009,144010,6761],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[395,144011,144012],{"href":129871},[15,144013,124461],{},[30,144015,144017,10698,144019,10698,144022],{"id":144016},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144018,41580],{},[15,144020,144021],{},"lstrip()",[15,144023,144024],{},"rstrip()",[20,144026,144027],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[192,144029,144030,144035,144040],{},[195,144031,144032,144034],{},[15,144033,41580],{}," removes from both ends",[195,144036,144037,144039],{},[15,144038,144021],{}," removes from the left side only",[195,144041,144042,144044],{},[15,144043,144024],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144046,223],{},[35,144048,144050],{"className":37,"code":144049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144051,144052,144064,144068,144086,144105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144053,144054,144056,144058,144060,144062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144055,34608],{"class":50},[44,144057,55],{"class":54},[44,144059,75],{"class":62},[44,144061,143297],{"class":66},[44,144063,3479],{"class":62},[44,144065,144066],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144067,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,144069,144070,144072,144074,144076,144078,144080,144082,144084],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144071,154],{"class":153},[44,144073,157],{"class":58},[44,144075,41706],{"class":153},[44,144077,157],{"class":58},[44,144079,34629],{"class":111},[44,144081,108],{"class":58},[44,144083,8765],{"class":111},[44,144085,6419],{"class":58},[44,144087,144088,144090,144092,144094,144096,144098,144100,144103],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144089,154],{"class":153},[44,144091,157],{"class":58},[44,144093,41706],{"class":153},[44,144095,157],{"class":58},[44,144097,34629],{"class":111},[44,144099,108],{"class":58},[44,144101,144102],{"class":111},"lstrip",[44,144104,6419],{"class":58},[44,144106,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144122],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,144108,154],{"class":153},[44,144110,157],{"class":58},[44,144112,41706],{"class":153},[44,144114,157],{"class":58},[44,144116,34629],{"class":111},[44,144118,108],{"class":58},[44,144120,144121],{"class":111},"rstrip",[44,144123,6419],{"class":58},[20,144125,330],{},[35,144127,144129],{"className":37,"code":144128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144130,144131,144139,144148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144132,144133,144135,144137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144134,343],{"class":43256},[44,144136,3971],{"class":43260},[44,144138,29766],{"class":43256},[44,144140,144141,144143,144146],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144142,343],{"class":43256},[44,144144,144145],{"class":43260},"hello  ",[44,144147,29766],{"class":43256},[44,144149,144150,144152,144155],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144151,343],{"class":43256},[44,144153,144154],{"class":43260},"  hello",[44,144156,29766],{"class":43256},[20,144158,144159],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,144161,108298],{"id":108297},[20,144163,144164],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[192,144166,144167,144175,144185,144188],{},[195,144168,144169,144171,144172,144174],{},[15,144170,143990],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144173,41456],{}," once",[195,144176,144177,144178,2307,144180,2311,144182,144184],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144179,395],{},[15,144181,1005],{},[15,144183,9855],{}," from both ends",[195,144186,144187],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[195,144189,144190],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144192,223],{},[35,144194,144196],{"className":37,"code":144195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144197,144198,144211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144199,144200,144202,144204,144206,144209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144201,126373],{"class":50},[44,144203,55],{"class":54},[44,144205,75],{"class":62},[44,144207,144208],{"class":66},"txt_report.txt",[44,144210,3479],{"class":62},[44,144212,144213,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227,144229,144231],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144214,154],{"class":153},[44,144216,157],{"class":58},[44,144218,126391],{"class":111},[44,144220,108],{"class":58},[44,144222,8765],{"class":111},[44,144224,157],{"class":58},[44,144226,63],{"class":62},[44,144228,126426],{"class":66},[44,144230,63],{"class":62},[44,144232,1869],{"class":58},[20,144234,330],{},[35,144236,144238],{"className":37,"code":144237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,144239,144240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144241,144242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144243,144237],{"class":50},[20,144245,144246,144247,2307,144249,2311,144251,144253],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144248,108],{},[15,144250,63221],{},[15,144252,2291],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144255,53585,144256,4915,144259,144261],{},[15,144257,144258],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3868,144260,4762],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144263,144264,144265,144269],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[395,144266,144267],{"href":129871},[15,144268,124461],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,144271,1551,144273],{"id":144272},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144274,41580],{},[20,144276,172,144277,144279],{},[15,144278,41580],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144281,36349],{},[192,144283,144284,144288,144290,144293],{},[195,144285,143606,144286,4012],{},[15,144287,3077],{},[195,144289,143611],{},[195,144291,144292],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[195,144294,144295],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144297,223],{},[35,144299,144301],{"className":37,"code":144300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144302,144303,144317,144321,144334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144304,144305,144308,144310,144312,144315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144306,144307],{"class":50},"email ",[44,144309,55],{"class":54},[44,144311,75],{"class":62},[44,144313,144314],{"class":66},"  user@example.com  ",[44,144316,3479],{"class":62},[44,144318,144319],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144320,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,144322,144323,144325,144328,144330,144332],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144324,7128],{"class":4002},[44,144326,144327],{"class":50}," email",[44,144329,108],{"class":58},[44,144331,8765],{"class":111},[44,144333,21666],{"class":58},[44,144335,144336,144338,144340,144342,144345,144347],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144337,8200],{"class":153},[44,144339,157],{"class":58},[44,144341,63],{"class":62},[44,144343,144344],{"class":66},"Email was entered",[44,144346,63],{"class":62},[44,144348,162],{"class":58},[20,144350,330],{},[35,144352,144354],{"className":37,"code":144353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144355,144356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144357,144358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144359,144353],{"class":50},[20,144361,144362,144363,144365,144366,108],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144364,41580],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[395,144367,144368],{"href":124017},[15,144369,124020],{},[30,144371,1803],{"id":1802},[20,144373,84175],{},[192,144375,144376,144380,144385,144390],{},[195,144377,1821,144378,131510],{},[15,144379,41580],{},[195,144381,1821,144382,144384],{},[15,144383,41580],{}," to remove text from the middle",[195,144386,567,144387,144389],{},[15,144388,144258],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[195,144391,4836,144392,144395],{},[15,144393,144394],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144397,144398],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144400,144402],{"className":37,"code":144401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144403,144404,144418,144422,144432,144446,144460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144405,144406,144408,144410,144412,144414,144416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144407,34608],{"class":50},[44,144409,55],{"class":54},[44,144411,75],{"class":62},[44,144413,144154],{"class":66},[44,144415,87088],{"class":34373},[44,144417,3479],{"class":62},[44,144419,144420],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144421,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,144423,144424,144426,144428,144430],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144425,154],{"class":153},[44,144427,157],{"class":58},[44,144429,34629],{"class":111},[44,144431,162],{"class":58},[44,144433,144434,144436,144438,144440,144442,144444],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144435,154],{"class":153},[44,144437,157],{"class":58},[44,144439,41706],{"class":153},[44,144441,157],{"class":58},[44,144443,34629],{"class":111},[44,144445,1869],{"class":58},[44,144447,144448,144450,144452,144454,144456,144458],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,144449,154],{"class":153},[44,144451,157],{"class":58},[44,144453,34629],{"class":111},[44,144455,108],{"class":58},[44,144457,8765],{"class":111},[44,144459,7325],{"class":58},[44,144461,144462,144464,144466,144468,144470,144472,144474,144476],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,144463,154],{"class":153},[44,144465,157],{"class":58},[44,144467,41706],{"class":153},[44,144469,157],{"class":58},[44,144471,34629],{"class":111},[44,144473,108],{"class":58},[44,144475,8765],{"class":111},[44,144477,6419],{"class":58},[20,144479,330],{},[35,144481,144483],{"className":37,"code":144482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144484,144485,144490,144494,144504,144508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144486,144487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144488,144489],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,144491,144492],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144493,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,144495,144496,144498,144500,144502],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144497,343],{"class":43256},[44,144499,144154],{"class":43260},[44,144501,87088],{"class":143831},[44,144503,29766],{"class":43256},[44,144505,144506],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144507,138605],{"class":50},[44,144509,144510,144512,144514],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,144511,343],{"class":43256},[44,144513,3971],{"class":43260},[44,144515,29766],{"class":43256},[20,144517,144518],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,144520,144522],{"className":37,"code":144521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144523,144524,144534,144548,144562,144580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144525,144526,144528,144530,144532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144527,154],{"class":153},[44,144529,157],{"class":58},[44,144531,34629],{"class":111},[44,144533,162],{"class":58},[44,144535,144536,144538,144540,144542,144544,144546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144537,154],{"class":153},[44,144539,157],{"class":58},[44,144541,41706],{"class":153},[44,144543,157],{"class":58},[44,144545,34629],{"class":111},[44,144547,1869],{"class":58},[44,144549,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144551,154],{"class":153},[44,144553,157],{"class":58},[44,144555,34629],{"class":111},[44,144557,108],{"class":58},[44,144559,8765],{"class":111},[44,144561,7325],{"class":58},[44,144563,144564,144566,144568,144570,144572,144574,144576,144578],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144565,154],{"class":153},[44,144567,157],{"class":58},[44,144569,41706],{"class":153},[44,144571,157],{"class":58},[44,144573,34629],{"class":111},[44,144575,108],{"class":58},[44,144577,8765],{"class":111},[44,144579,6419],{"class":58},[44,144581,144582,144584,144586,144588,144590,144592],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,144583,1913],{"class":153},[44,144585,157],{"class":58},[44,144587,3564],{"class":1861},[44,144589,108],{"class":58},[44,144591,8765],{"class":1923},[44,144593,162],{"class":58},[20,144595,144596,144598],{},[15,144597,122504],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,144600,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,144602,1963,144604,144606],{"id":144603},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144605,41580],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144608,46294,144609,144611],{},[15,144610,41580],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1960,144613,1963,144615,124617],{"id":144614},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144616,41580],{},[20,144618,144619],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1960,144621,5273,144623,144625],{"id":144622},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144624,41580],{}," remove by default?",[20,144627,144628],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1960,144630,34125,144632,34128,144634,2610],{"id":144631},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144633,41580],{},[15,144635,124461],{},[20,144637,144638,144640,144641,144643],{},[15,144639,41580],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144642,124461],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1960,144645,144647],{"id":144646},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144649,128163,144650,144652,144653,144655],{},[15,144651,144021],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144654,144024],{}," for the right side.",[30,144657,2020],{"id":2019},[192,144659,144660,144666,144672,144677,144682],{},[195,144661,144662],{},[395,144663,126290,144664,10852],{"href":124017},[15,144665,124020],{},[195,144667,144668],{},[395,144669,126290,144670,10852],{"href":129871},[15,144671,124461],{},[195,144673,144674],{},[395,144675,144676],{"href":143758},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[195,144678,144679],{},[395,144680,144681],{"href":87741},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[195,144683,144684],{},[395,144685,125045],{"href":50906},[2048,144687,144688],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":144690},[144691,144692,144694,144698,144700,144701,144703,144704,144706,144707,144718],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":143343,"depth":102,"text":144693},"What strip() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":144695},[144696,144697],{"id":143466,"depth":150,"text":143458},{"id":143517,"depth":150,"text":143463},{"id":143591,"depth":102,"text":144699},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143857,"depth":102,"text":143858},{"id":144016,"depth":102,"text":144702},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108297,"depth":102,"text":108298},{"id":144272,"depth":102,"text":144705},"When to use strip()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":144708},[144709,144711,144713,144715,144717],{"id":144603,"depth":150,"text":144710},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144614,"depth":150,"text":144712},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144622,"depth":150,"text":144714},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144631,"depth":150,"text":144716},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144646,"depth":150,"text":144647},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143264,"description":144719},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144726,"title":144727,"body":144728,"description":145908,"extension":2080,"meta":145909,"navigation":682,"path":145910,"seo":145911,"stem":145912,"__hash__":145913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144729,"toc":145878},[144730,144735,144740,144745,144747,144793,144801,144806,144820,144826,144828,144830,144845,144847,144857,144860,144891,144894,144917,144919,144922,144979,144981,144995,144997,145011,145017,145022,145025,145066,145068,145077,145085,145088,145133,145135,145144,145147,145151,145156,145170,145172,145204,145206,145226,145229,145234,145239,145241,145252,145255,145312,145314,145322,145331,145333,145335,145341,145343,145380,145382,145390,145392,145433,145435,145444,145449,145454,145456,145483,145490,145493,145524,145526,145535,145541,145550,145581,145583,145595,145608,145612,145617,145647,145649,145716,145718,145728,145730,145735,145738,145743,145748,145752,145758,145764,145767,145769,145827,145829,145837,145839,145875],[10,144731,123290,144733,18],{"id":144732},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144734,128168],{},[20,144736,123295,144737,144739],{},[15,144738,128168],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144741,84552,144742,144744],{},[15,144743,128168],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144746,33],{"id":32},[35,144748,144750],{"className":37,"code":144749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144751,144752,144764,144778,144788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144753,144754,144756,144758,144760,144762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144755,34608],{"class":50},[44,144757,55],{"class":54},[44,144759,75],{"class":62},[44,144761,129009],{"class":66},[44,144763,3479],{"class":62},[44,144765,144766,144768,144770,144772,144774,144776],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144767,1340],{"class":50},[44,144769,55],{"class":54},[44,144771,42769],{"class":50},[44,144773,108],{"class":58},[44,144775,34398],{"class":111},[44,144777,1635],{"class":58},[44,144779,144780,144782,144784,144786],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144781,154],{"class":153},[44,144783,157],{"class":58},[44,144785,1376],{"class":111},[44,144787,162],{"class":58},[44,144789,144790],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144791,144792],{"class":168},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144794,144795,144797,144798,144800],{},[15,144796,128168],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3868,144799,4762],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144802,179,144804,182],{"id":144803},"what-upper-does",[15,144805,128168],{},[192,144807,144808,144813,144816,144818],{},[195,144809,144810,144812],{},[15,144811,128168],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[195,144814,144815],{},"It works on string values only",[195,144817,133538],{},[195,144819,136256],{},[20,144821,125042,144822,2997,144824,108],{},[395,144823,136262],{"href":136261},[395,144825,125045],{"href":50906},[30,144827,402],{"id":401},[20,144829,2277],{},[35,144831,144833],{"className":37,"code":144832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144834,144835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144836,144837,144839,144841,144843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144838,61108],{"class":50},[44,144840,108],{"class":58},[44,144842,34398],{"class":111},[44,144844,1635],{"class":58},[20,144846,11564],{},[192,144848,144849,144851,144854],{},[195,144850,97463],{},[195,144852,144853],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[195,144855,144856],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144858,144859],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144861,144863],{"className":37,"code":144862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144864,144865,144877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144866,144867,144869,144871,144873,144875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144868,8007],{"class":50},[44,144870,55],{"class":54},[44,144872,75],{"class":62},[44,144874,39],{"class":66},[44,144876,3479],{"class":62},[44,144878,144879,144881,144883,144885,144887,144889],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144880,154],{"class":153},[44,144882,157],{"class":58},[44,144884,67],{"class":111},[44,144886,108],{"class":58},[44,144888,34398],{"class":111},[44,144890,7325],{"class":58},[20,144892,144893],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144895,144897],{"className":37,"code":144896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144898,144899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144900,144901,144903,144905,144907,144909,144911,144913,144915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144902,154],{"class":153},[44,144904,157],{"class":58},[44,144906,63],{"class":62},[44,144908,3971],{"class":66},[44,144910,63],{"class":62},[44,144912,108],{"class":58},[44,144914,34398],{"class":111},[44,144916,7325],{"class":58},[30,144918,11581],{"id":11580},[20,144920,144921],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144923,144925],{"className":37,"code":144924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144926,144927,144939,144954,144958,144968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144928,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144930,6283],{"class":50},[44,144932,55],{"class":54},[44,144934,75],{"class":62},[44,144936,4216],{"class":66},[44,144938,3479],{"class":62},[44,144940,144941,144944,144946,144948,144950,144952],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144942,144943],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144945,55],{"class":54},[44,144947,38306],{"class":50},[44,144949,108],{"class":58},[44,144951,34398],{"class":111},[44,144953,1635],{"class":58},[44,144955,144956],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,144957,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,144959,144960,144962,144964,144966],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,144961,154],{"class":153},[44,144963,157],{"class":58},[44,144965,38316],{"class":111},[44,144967,162],{"class":58},[44,144969,144970,144972,144974,144977],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,144971,154],{"class":153},[44,144973,157],{"class":58},[44,144975,144976],{"class":111},"uppercase_word",[44,144978,162],{"class":58},[20,144980,330],{},[35,144982,144984],{"className":37,"code":144983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144985,144986,144990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144987,144988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144989,70341],{"class":50},[44,144991,144992],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,144993,144994],{"class":34373},"BANANA\n",[20,144996,112404],{},[192,144998,144999,145004],{},[195,145000,145001,145003],{},[15,145002,38316],{}," keeps its original value",[195,145005,145006,145008,145009],{},[15,145007,144976],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145010,128168],{},[30,145012,145014,145016],{"id":145013},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145015,128168],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145018,136922,145019,145021],{},[3868,145020,136925],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145023,145024],{},"So this method:",[35,145026,145028],{"className":37,"code":145027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145029,145030,145042,145052,145056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145031,145032,145034,145036,145038,145040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145033,8007],{"class":50},[44,145035,55],{"class":54},[44,145037,75],{"class":62},[44,145039,17882],{"class":66},[44,145041,3479],{"class":62},[44,145043,145044,145046,145048,145050],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145045,67],{"class":50},[44,145047,108],{"class":58},[44,145049,34398],{"class":111},[44,145051,1635],{"class":58},[44,145053,145054],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145055,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,145057,145058,145060,145062,145064],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,145059,154],{"class":153},[44,145061,157],{"class":58},[44,145063,67],{"class":111},[44,145065,162],{"class":58},[20,145067,330],{},[35,145069,145071],{"className":37,"code":145070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,145072,145073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145074,145075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145076,145070],{"class":50},[20,145078,21049,145079,145081,145082,145084],{},[15,145080,128168],{}," was called, ",[15,145083,67],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145086,145087],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,145089,145091],{"className":37,"code":145090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145092,145093,145105,145119,145123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145094,145095,145097,145099,145101,145103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145096,8007],{"class":50},[44,145098,55],{"class":54},[44,145100,75],{"class":62},[44,145102,17882],{"class":66},[44,145104,3479],{"class":62},[44,145106,145107,145109,145111,145113,145115,145117],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145108,8007],{"class":50},[44,145110,55],{"class":54},[44,145112,35914],{"class":50},[44,145114,108],{"class":58},[44,145116,34398],{"class":111},[44,145118,1635],{"class":58},[44,145120,145121],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145122,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,145126,154],{"class":153},[44,145128,157],{"class":58},[44,145130,67],{"class":111},[44,145132,162],{"class":58},[20,145134,330],{},[35,145136,145138],{"className":37,"code":145137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,145139,145140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145141,145142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145143,145137],{"class":34373},[20,145145,145146],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,145148,145150],{"id":145149},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145152,145153,145155],{},[15,145154,128168],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[192,145157,145158,145161,145164,145167],{},[195,145159,145160],{},"Numbers stay the same",[195,145162,145163],{},"Spaces stay the same",[195,145165,145166],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[195,145168,145169],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145171,223],{},[35,145173,145175],{"className":37,"code":145174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145176,145177,145190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145178,145179,145181,145183,145185,145188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145180,34608],{"class":50},[44,145182,55],{"class":54},[44,145184,75],{"class":62},[44,145186,145187],{"class":66},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,145189,3479],{"class":62},[44,145191,145192,145194,145196,145198,145200,145202],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145193,154],{"class":153},[44,145195,157],{"class":58},[44,145197,34629],{"class":111},[44,145199,108],{"class":58},[44,145201,34398],{"class":111},[44,145203,7325],{"class":58},[20,145205,330],{},[35,145207,145209],{"className":37,"code":145208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145210,145211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145212,145213,145216,145218,145220,145223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145214,145215],{"class":34373},"ROOM",[44,145217,6123],{"class":95},[44,145219,83],{"class":58},[44,145221,145222],{"class":34373}," TABLE",[44,145224,145225],{"class":168}," #3!\n",[20,145227,145228],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,145230,1551,145232],{"id":145231},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145233,128168],{},[20,145235,145236,145238],{},[15,145237,128168],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145240,48269],{},[192,145242,145243,145246,145249],{},[195,145244,145245],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[195,145247,145248],{},"Format labels or headings",[195,145250,145251],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145253,145254],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,145256,145258],{"className":37,"code":145257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145259,145260,145272,145276,145298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145261,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145263,136533],{"class":50},[44,145265,55],{"class":54},[44,145267,75],{"class":62},[44,145269,8788],{"class":66},[44,145271,3479],{"class":62},[44,145273,145274],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145275,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,145277,145278,145280,145282,145284,145286,145288,145290,145292,145294,145296],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145279,7128],{"class":4002},[44,145281,136553],{"class":50},[44,145283,108],{"class":58},[44,145285,34398],{"class":111},[44,145287,7497],{"class":58},[44,145289,6538],{"class":54},[44,145291,75],{"class":62},[44,145293,136540],{"class":66},[44,145295,63],{"class":62},[44,145297,6523],{"class":58},[44,145299,145300,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,145301,8200],{"class":153},[44,145303,157],{"class":58},[44,145305,63],{"class":62},[44,145307,143737],{"class":66},[44,145309,63],{"class":62},[44,145311,162],{"class":58},[20,145313,330],{},[35,145315,145316],{"className":37,"code":143746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145317,145318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145319,145320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145321,143746],{"class":50},[20,145323,145324,145325,2307,145327,2311,145329,108],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145326,8788],{},[15,145328,137326],{},[15,145330,136540],{},[30,145332,1803],{"id":1802},[1960,145334,95824],{"id":95823},[20,145336,8247,145337,145340],{},[15,145338,145339],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145342,16725],{},[35,145344,145346],{"className":37,"code":145345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145347,145348,145360,145370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145349,145350,145352,145354,145356,145358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145351,34608],{"class":50},[44,145353,55],{"class":54},[44,145355,75],{"class":62},[44,145357,3971],{"class":66},[44,145359,3479],{"class":62},[44,145361,145362,145364,145366,145368],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145363,34629],{"class":50},[44,145365,108],{"class":58},[44,145367,34398],{"class":111},[44,145369,1635],{"class":58},[44,145371,145372,145374,145376,145378],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145373,154],{"class":153},[44,145375,157],{"class":58},[44,145377,34629],{"class":111},[44,145379,162],{"class":58},[20,145381,330],{},[35,145383,145384],{"className":37,"code":138605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145385,145386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145387,145388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145389,138605],{"class":50},[20,145391,1436],{},[35,145393,145395],{"className":37,"code":145394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145396,145397,145409,145423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145398,145399,145401,145403,145405,145407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145400,34608],{"class":50},[44,145402,55],{"class":54},[44,145404,75],{"class":62},[44,145406,3971],{"class":66},[44,145408,3479],{"class":62},[44,145410,145411,145413,145415,145417,145419,145421],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145412,34608],{"class":50},[44,145414,55],{"class":54},[44,145416,42769],{"class":50},[44,145418,108],{"class":58},[44,145420,34398],{"class":111},[44,145422,1635],{"class":58},[44,145424,145425,145427,145429,145431],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145426,154],{"class":153},[44,145428,157],{"class":58},[44,145430,34629],{"class":111},[44,145432,162],{"class":58},[20,145434,330],{},[35,145436,145438],{"className":37,"code":145437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145439,145440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145441,145442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145443,145437],{"class":34373},[1960,145445,18984,145447,137212],{"id":145446},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145448,128168],{},[20,145450,145451,145453],{},[15,145452,128168],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145455,223],{},[35,145457,145459],{"className":37,"code":145458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145460,145461,145469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145462,145463,145465,145467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145464,2335],{"class":50},[44,145466,55],{"class":54},[44,145468,124972],{"class":95},[44,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479,145481],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145472,154],{"class":153},[44,145474,157],{"class":58},[44,145476,2357],{"class":111},[44,145478,108],{"class":58},[44,145480,34398],{"class":111},[44,145482,7325],{"class":58},[20,145484,39579,145485,145487,145488,33520],{},[15,145486,2306],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145489,128168],{},[20,145491,145492],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145494,145496],{"className":37,"code":145495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145497,145498,145506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145499,145500,145502,145504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145501,2335],{"class":50},[44,145503,55],{"class":54},[44,145505,124972],{"class":95},[44,145507,145508,145510,145512,145514,145516,145518,145520,145522],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145509,154],{"class":153},[44,145511,157],{"class":58},[44,145513,3564],{"class":1861},[44,145515,157],{"class":58},[44,145517,2357],{"class":111},[44,145519,8762],{"class":58},[44,145521,34398],{"class":111},[44,145523,7325],{"class":58},[20,145525,330],{},[35,145527,145529],{"className":37,"code":145528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145530,145531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145532,145533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145534,145528],{"class":95},[1960,145536,37128,145538,145540],{"id":145537},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145539,128168],{}," with title case",[20,145542,145543,145545,145546,145549],{},[15,145544,128168],{}," makes ",[3868,145547,145548],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145551,145553],{"className":37,"code":145552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145554,145555,145567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145556,145557,145559,145561,145563,145565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145558,34608],{"class":50},[44,145560,55],{"class":54},[44,145562,75],{"class":62},[44,145564,60340],{"class":66},[44,145566,3479],{"class":62},[44,145568,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577,145579],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145570,154],{"class":153},[44,145572,157],{"class":58},[44,145574,34629],{"class":111},[44,145576,108],{"class":58},[44,145578,34398],{"class":111},[44,145580,7325],{"class":58},[20,145582,330],{},[35,145584,145586],{"className":37,"code":145585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145587,145588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145589,145590,145592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145591,136314],{"class":34373},[44,145593,145594],{"class":34373}," WORLD\n",[20,145596,145597,145598,145602,145603,145607],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[395,145599,145600],{"href":124017},[15,145601,124020],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[395,145604,145605],{"href":129871},[15,145606,124461],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145609,145611],{"id":145610},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145613,145614,145615,72],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145616,128168],{},[192,145618,145619,145626,145633,145640],{},[195,145620,145621,145625],{},[395,145622,145623],{"href":124017},[15,145624,124020],{}," for lowercase text",[195,145627,145628,145632],{},[395,145629,145630],{"href":136860},[15,145631,41580],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[195,145634,145635,145639],{},[395,145636,145637],{"href":129871},[15,145638,124461],{}," for changing parts of a string",[195,145641,145642,4523,145644,145646],{},[15,145643,127658],{},[15,145645,126348],{}," for checks",[20,145648,223],{},[35,145650,145652],{"className":37,"code":145651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145653,145654,145666,145670,145685,145701,145705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145655,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145657,34608],{"class":50},[44,145659,55],{"class":54},[44,145661,75],{"class":62},[44,145663,143388],{"class":66},[44,145665,3479],{"class":62},[44,145667,145668],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145669,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,145671,145672,145675,145677,145679,145681,145683],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145673,145674],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145676,55],{"class":54},[44,145678,42769],{"class":50},[44,145680,108],{"class":58},[44,145682,8765],{"class":111},[44,145684,1635],{"class":58},[44,145686,145687,145690,145692,145695,145697,145699],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,145688,145689],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145691,55],{"class":54},[44,145693,145694],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145696,108],{"class":58},[44,145698,34398],{"class":111},[44,145700,1635],{"class":58},[44,145702,145703],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,145704,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,145706,145707,145709,145711,145714],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,145708,154],{"class":153},[44,145710,157],{"class":58},[44,145712,145713],{"class":111},"loud",[44,145715,162],{"class":58},[20,145717,330],{},[35,145719,145720],{"className":37,"code":145585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145721,145722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145723,145724,145726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145725,136314],{"class":34373},[44,145727,145594],{"class":34373},[30,145729,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,145731,1963,145733,124617],{"id":145732},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145734,128168],{},[20,145736,145737],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1960,145739,1963,145741,137594],{"id":145740},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145742,128168],{},[20,145744,145745,145746,108],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145747,145339],{},[1960,145749,145751],{"id":145750},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145753,145754,145755,145757],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145756,128168],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1960,145759,1994,145761,145763],{"id":145760},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145762,128168],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145765,145766],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145768,223],{},[35,145770,145772],{"className":37,"code":145771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145773,145774,145786,145799,145803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145775,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145777,2673],{"class":50},[44,145779,55],{"class":54},[44,145781,75],{"class":62},[44,145783,39],{"class":66},[44,145785,3479],{"class":62},[44,145787,145788,145790,145792,145794,145797],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145789,2701],{"class":50},[44,145791,55],{"class":54},[44,145793,75],{"class":62},[44,145795,145796],{"class":66},"PYTHON",[44,145798,3479],{"class":62},[44,145800,145801],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145802,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,145804,145805,145807,145809,145811,145813,145815,145817,145819,145821,145823,145825],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,145806,154],{"class":153},[44,145808,157],{"class":58},[44,145810,395],{"class":111},[44,145812,108],{"class":58},[44,145814,34398],{"class":111},[44,145816,7497],{"class":58},[44,145818,6538],{"class":54},[44,145820,2678],{"class":111},[44,145822,108],{"class":58},[44,145824,34398],{"class":111},[44,145826,7325],{"class":58},[20,145828,330],{},[35,145830,145831],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145832,145833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145834,145835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145836,4107],{"class":1400},[30,145838,2020],{"id":2019},[192,145840,145841,145845,145851,145857,145863,145867,145871],{},[195,145842,145843],{},[395,145844,125045],{"href":50906},[195,145846,145847],{},[395,145848,126290,145849,10852],{"href":124017},[15,145850,124020],{},[195,145852,145853],{},[395,145854,126290,145855,10852],{"href":136860},[15,145856,41580],{},[195,145858,145859],{},[395,145860,126290,145861,10852],{"href":129871},[15,145862,124461],{},[195,145864,145865],{},[395,145866,90618],{"href":89627},[195,145868,145869],{},[395,145870,124689],{"href":123545},[195,145872,145873],{},[395,145874,137680],{"href":136261},[2048,145876,145877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":145879},[145880,145881,145883,145884,145885,145887,145888,145890,145897,145898,145907],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":144803,"depth":102,"text":145882},"What upper() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":145013,"depth":102,"text":145886},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145149,"depth":102,"text":145150},{"id":145231,"depth":102,"text":145889},"When to use upper()",{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":145891},[145892,145893,145895],{"id":95823,"depth":150,"text":95824},{"id":145446,"depth":150,"text":145894},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145537,"depth":150,"text":145896},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145610,"depth":102,"text":145611},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":145899},[145900,145902,145904,145905],{"id":145732,"depth":150,"text":145901},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145740,"depth":150,"text":145903},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145750,"depth":150,"text":145751},{"id":145760,"depth":150,"text":145906},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144727,"description":145908},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145915,"title":145916,"body":145917,"description":147794,"extension":2080,"meta":147795,"navigation":682,"path":147796,"seo":147797,"stem":147798,"__hash__":147799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145918,"toc":147744},[145919,145925,145932,145938,145940,145996,146001,146006,146011,146014,146033,146036,146038,146062,146080,146091,146093,146096,146149,146151,146159,146161,146179,146184,146187,146244,146246,146255,146258,146278,146281,146287,146292,146294,146337,146339,146347,146350,146391,146393,146402,146408,146414,146441,146443,146451,146456,146460,146472,146515,146517,146525,146530,146536,146541,146545,146547,146590,146593,146640,146642,146651,146658,146662,146665,146711,146716,146720,146722,146765,146768,146776,146778,146783,146785,146787,146806,146809,146821,146823,146842,146844,146852,146856,146858,146909,146912,146987,146989,146997,147000,147004,147006,147053,147056,147127,147129,147137,147143,147145,147220,147224,147303,147305,147313,147319,147325,147330,147335,147384,147388,147459,147462,147467,147478,147481,147492,147502,147504,147509,147534,147539,147620,147622,147647,147649,147654,147657,147663,147672,147678,147681,147687,147693,147700,147703,147705,147741],[10,145920,3697,145922,3701],{"id":145921},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145923,145924],{},"sum()",[20,145926,9253,145927,145929,145930,24832],{},[15,145928,145924],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145931,59932],{},[20,145933,145934,145935,145937],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145936,35995],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145939,33],{"id":32},[35,145941,145943],{"className":37,"code":145942,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145944,145945,145969,145984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145946,145947,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145948,3741],{"class":50},[44,145950,55],{"class":54},[44,145952,3746],{"class":58},[44,145954,3108],{"class":95},[44,145956,83],{"class":58},[44,145958,1012],{"class":95},[44,145960,83],{"class":58},[44,145962,1017],{"class":95},[44,145964,83],{"class":58},[44,145966,2574],{"class":95},[44,145968,3759],{"class":58},[44,145970,145971,145973,145975,145978,145980,145982],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,145972,41109],{"class":50},[44,145974,55],{"class":54},[44,145976,145977],{"class":153}," sum",[44,145979,157],{"class":58},[44,145981,3773],{"class":111},[44,145983,162],{"class":58},[44,145985,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,145987,154],{"class":153},[44,145989,157],{"class":58},[44,145991,41138],{"class":111},[44,145993,3786],{"class":58},[44,145995,26863],{"class":168},[20,145997,172,145998,146000],{},[15,145999,145924],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,146002,179,146004,182],{"id":146003},"what-sum-does",[15,146005,145924],{},[20,146007,146008,146010],{},[15,146009,145924],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146012,146013],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[192,146015,146016,146019,146022,146027],{},[195,146017,146018],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[195,146020,146021],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[195,146023,146024,146025],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146026,36121],{},[195,146028,146029,146030,146032],{},"Counting ",[15,146031,3726],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146034,146035],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,146037,402],{"id":401},[35,146039,146041],{"className":37,"code":146040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146042,146043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146044,146045,146048,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058,146060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146046,146047],{"class":153},"sum",[44,146049,157],{"class":58},[44,146051,3845],{"class":111},[44,146053,83],{"class":58},[44,146055,35974],{"class":463},[44,146057,55],{"class":54},[44,146059,2237],{"class":95},[44,146061,162],{"class":58},[192,146063,146064,146069,146074],{},[195,146065,146066,146068],{},[15,146067,3845],{}," is the group of values to add",[195,146070,146071,146073],{},[15,146072,35995],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[195,146075,146076,146077],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146078,146079],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146081,146082,146083,146086,146087,108],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146084,146085,3845],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[395,146088,146089,24688],{"href":36118},[15,146090,36121],{},[30,146092,11581],{"id":11580},[20,146094,146095],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,146097,146099],{"className":37,"code":146098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146100,146101,146121,146135,146139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146102,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113,146115,146117,146119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146104,3741],{"class":50},[44,146106,55],{"class":54},[44,146108,3746],{"class":58},[44,146110,2254],{"class":95},[44,146112,83],{"class":58},[44,146114,528],{"class":95},[44,146116,83],{"class":58},[44,146118,37861],{"class":95},[44,146120,3759],{"class":58},[44,146122,146123,146125,146127,146129,146131,146133],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146124,41109],{"class":50},[44,146126,55],{"class":54},[44,146128,145977],{"class":153},[44,146130,157],{"class":58},[44,146132,3773],{"class":111},[44,146134,162],{"class":58},[44,146136,146137],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,146138,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,146140,146141,146143,146145,146147],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,146142,154],{"class":153},[44,146144,157],{"class":58},[44,146146,41138],{"class":111},[44,146148,162],{"class":58},[20,146150,330],{},[35,146152,146153],{"className":37,"code":69775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146154,146155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146156,146157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146158,69775],{"class":95},[20,146160,11788],{},[192,146162,146163,146168,146174],{},[195,146164,146165,146167],{},[15,146166,3773],{}," contains three integers",[195,146169,146170,146173],{},[15,146171,146172],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[195,146175,146176,146177],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146178,41138],{},[30,146180,36536,146182,8564],{"id":146181},"using-the-start-value",[15,146183,35995],{},[20,146185,146186],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,146188,146190],{"className":37,"code":146189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146191,146192,146212,146230,146234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146193,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146195,3741],{"class":50},[44,146197,55],{"class":54},[44,146199,3746],{"class":58},[44,146201,3108],{"class":95},[44,146203,83],{"class":58},[44,146205,1012],{"class":95},[44,146207,83],{"class":58},[44,146209,1017],{"class":95},[44,146211,3759],{"class":58},[44,146213,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146215,41109],{"class":50},[44,146217,55],{"class":54},[44,146219,145977],{"class":153},[44,146221,157],{"class":58},[44,146223,3773],{"class":111},[44,146225,83],{"class":58},[44,146227,528],{"class":95},[44,146229,162],{"class":58},[44,146231,146232],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,146233,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,146235,146236,146238,146240,146242],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,146237,154],{"class":153},[44,146239,157],{"class":58},[44,146241,41138],{"class":111},[44,146243,162],{"class":58},[20,146245,330],{},[35,146247,146249],{"className":37,"code":146248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,146250,146251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146252,146253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146254,146248],{"class":95},[20,146256,146257],{},"This works like:",[192,146259,146260,146265,146270,146274],{},[195,146261,146262,146263],{},"Start at ",[15,146264,2448],{},[195,146266,146267,146268],{},"Add ",[15,146269,3108],{},[195,146271,146267,146272],{},[15,146273,2173],{},[195,146275,146267,146276],{},[15,146277,2179],{},[20,146279,146280],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,146282,179,146284,146286],{"id":146283},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146285,145924],{}," can work with",[20,146288,146289,146291],{},[15,146290,145924],{}," works with numeric values.",[1960,146293,40351],{"id":40350},[35,146295,146297],{"className":37,"code":146296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146298,146299,146323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146300,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146315,146317,146319,146321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146302,3948],{"class":50},[44,146304,55],{"class":54},[44,146306,3746],{"class":58},[44,146308,3108],{"class":95},[44,146310,83],{"class":58},[44,146312,1012],{"class":95},[44,146314,83],{"class":58},[44,146316,1017],{"class":95},[44,146318,83],{"class":58},[44,146320,2574],{"class":95},[44,146322,3759],{"class":58},[44,146324,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146326,154],{"class":153},[44,146328,157],{"class":58},[44,146330,146047],{"class":153},[44,146332,157],{"class":58},[44,146334,5488],{"class":111},[44,146336,1869],{"class":58},[20,146338,330],{},[35,146340,146341],{"className":37,"code":2494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146342,146343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146344,146345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146346,2494],{"class":95},[1960,146348,146349],{"id":51977},"Floats",[35,146351,146353],{"className":37,"code":146352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146354,146355,146377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146356,146357,146359,146361,146363,146365,146367,146370,146372,146375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146358,82983],{"class":50},[44,146360,55],{"class":54},[44,146362,3746],{"class":58},[44,146364,41085],{"class":95},[44,146366,83],{"class":58},[44,146368,146369],{"class":95}," 3.75",[44,146371,83],{"class":58},[44,146373,146374],{"class":95}," 1.25",[44,146376,3759],{"class":58},[44,146378,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146380,154],{"class":153},[44,146382,157],{"class":58},[44,146384,146047],{"class":153},[44,146386,157],{"class":58},[44,146388,83019],{"class":111},[44,146390,1869],{"class":58},[20,146392,330],{},[35,146394,146396],{"className":37,"code":146395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146397,146398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146399,146400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146401,146395],{"class":95},[20,146403,146404,146405,108],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[395,146406,146407],{"href":2536},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1960,146409,146411,146412],{"id":146410},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146413,36121],{},[35,146415,146417],{"className":37,"code":146416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146418,146419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146420,146421,146423,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146422,154],{"class":153},[44,146424,157],{"class":58},[44,146426,146047],{"class":153},[44,146428,157],{"class":58},[44,146430,59932],{"class":153},[44,146432,157],{"class":58},[44,146434,3108],{"class":95},[44,146436,83],{"class":58},[44,146438,37568],{"class":95},[44,146440,3031],{"class":58},[20,146442,330],{},[35,146444,146445],{"className":37,"code":46970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146446,146447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146448,146449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146450,46970],{"class":95},[20,146452,113494,146453,108],{},[15,146454,146455],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1960,146457,146459],{"id":146458},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146461,146462,146463,146465,146466,4523,146468,146465,146470,108],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146464,3726],{}," acts like ",[15,146467,3108],{},[15,146469,3799],{},[15,146471,2237],{},[35,146473,146475],{"className":37,"code":146474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146476,146477,146501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146478,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146480,51897],{"class":50},[44,146482,55],{"class":54},[44,146484,3746],{"class":58},[44,146486,3726],{"class":1400},[44,146488,83],{"class":58},[44,146490,4034],{"class":1400},[44,146492,83],{"class":58},[44,146494,4043],{"class":1400},[44,146496,83],{"class":58},[44,146498,4043],{"class":1400},[44,146500,3759],{"class":58},[44,146502,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146504,154],{"class":153},[44,146506,157],{"class":58},[44,146508,146047],{"class":153},[44,146510,157],{"class":58},[44,146512,51950],{"class":111},[44,146514,1869],{"class":58},[20,146516,330],{},[35,146518,146519],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146520,146521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146522,146523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146524,46546],{"class":95},[20,146526,146527,146528,108],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146529,3726],{},[30,146531,179,146533,146535],{"id":146532},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146534,145924],{}," does not work with",[20,146537,146538,146540],{},[15,146539,145924],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1960,146542,146544],{"id":146543},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146546,2955],{},[35,146548,146550],{"className":37,"code":146549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146551,146552,146576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146553,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146555,4198],{"class":50},[44,146557,55],{"class":54},[44,146559,3746],{"class":58},[44,146561,63],{"class":62},[44,146563,3971],{"class":66},[44,146565,63],{"class":62},[44,146567,83],{"class":58},[44,146569,75],{"class":62},[44,146571,60525],{"class":66},[44,146573,63],{"class":62},[44,146575,3759],{"class":58},[44,146577,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146579,154],{"class":153},[44,146581,157],{"class":58},[44,146583,146047],{"class":153},[44,146585,157],{"class":58},[44,146587,4242],{"class":111},[44,146589,1869],{"class":58},[20,146591,146592],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146594,146596],{"className":37,"code":146595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146597,146598,146622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146599,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146601,4198],{"class":50},[44,146603,55],{"class":54},[44,146605,3746],{"class":58},[44,146607,63],{"class":62},[44,146609,3971],{"class":66},[44,146611,63],{"class":62},[44,146613,83],{"class":58},[44,146615,75],{"class":62},[44,146617,60525],{"class":66},[44,146619,63],{"class":62},[44,146621,3759],{"class":58},[44,146623,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146625,154],{"class":153},[44,146627,157],{"class":58},[44,146629,6401],{"class":62},[44,146631,108],{"class":58},[44,146633,133449],{"class":111},[44,146635,157],{"class":58},[44,146637,4242],{"class":111},[44,146639,1869],{"class":58},[20,146641,330],{},[35,146643,146645],{"className":37,"code":146644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146646,146647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146648,146649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146650,146644],{"class":50},[20,146652,146653,146654,108],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[395,146655,146656,5912],{"href":42102},[15,146657,47613],{},[1960,146659,146661],{"id":146660},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146663,146664],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146666,146668],{"className":37,"code":146667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146669,146670,146697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146671,146672,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146673,146674],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146676,55],{"class":54},[44,146678,56226],{"class":58},[44,146680,3108],{"class":95},[44,146682,83],{"class":58},[44,146684,1012],{"class":95},[44,146686,18140],{"class":58},[44,146688,3746],{"class":58},[44,146690,2179],{"class":95},[44,146692,83],{"class":58},[44,146694,2574],{"class":95},[44,146696,53174],{"class":58},[44,146698,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146700,154],{"class":153},[44,146702,157],{"class":58},[44,146704,146047],{"class":153},[44,146706,157],{"class":58},[44,146708,5429],{"class":111},[44,146710,1869],{"class":58},[20,146712,146713,146715],{},[15,146714,145924],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1960,146717,146719],{"id":146718},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146721,5602],{},[35,146723,146725],{"className":37,"code":146724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146726,146727,146751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146728,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146730,3948],{"class":50},[44,146732,55],{"class":54},[44,146734,3746],{"class":58},[44,146736,3108],{"class":95},[44,146738,83],{"class":58},[44,146740,1012],{"class":95},[44,146742,83],{"class":58},[44,146744,75],{"class":62},[44,146746,2179],{"class":66},[44,146748,63],{"class":62},[44,146750,3759],{"class":58},[44,146752,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146754,154],{"class":153},[44,146756,157],{"class":58},[44,146758,146047],{"class":153},[44,146760,157],{"class":58},[44,146762,5488],{"class":111},[44,146764,1869],{"class":58},[20,146766,146767],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146769,146770,146771,146773,146774,108],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146772,65880],{},", convert them first. See ",[395,146775,3082],{"href":3081},[30,146777,41431],{"id":41430},[20,146779,146780,146781,108],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146782,145924],{},[1960,146784,6654],{"id":6653},[20,146786,4656],{},[35,146788,146790],{"className":37,"code":146789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146791,146792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146793,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146795,154],{"class":153},[44,146797,157],{"class":58},[44,146799,146047],{"class":153},[44,146801,157],{"class":58},[44,146803,2254],{"class":95},[44,146805,1869],{"class":58},[20,146807,146808],{},"Why it fails:",[192,146810,146811,146816],{},[195,146812,146813,146815],{},[15,146814,2254],{}," is a single integer",[195,146817,146818,146820],{},[15,146819,145924],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146822,6684],{},[35,146824,146826],{"className":37,"code":146825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146827,146828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146829,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146831,154],{"class":153},[44,146833,157],{"class":58},[44,146835,146047],{"class":153},[44,146837,3105],{"class":58},[44,146839,2254],{"class":95},[44,146841,3119],{"class":58},[20,146843,330],{},[35,146845,146846],{"className":37,"code":3066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146847,146848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146849,146850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146851,3066],{"class":95},[1960,146853,146855],{"id":146854},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146857,4656],{},[35,146859,146861],{"className":37,"code":146860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146862,146863,146895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146864,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146866,3948],{"class":50},[44,146868,55],{"class":54},[44,146870,3746],{"class":58},[44,146872,63],{"class":62},[44,146874,3108],{"class":66},[44,146876,63],{"class":62},[44,146878,83],{"class":58},[44,146880,75],{"class":62},[44,146882,2173],{"class":66},[44,146884,63],{"class":62},[44,146886,83],{"class":58},[44,146888,75],{"class":62},[44,146890,2179],{"class":66},[44,146892,63],{"class":62},[44,146894,3759],{"class":58},[44,146896,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146898,154],{"class":153},[44,146900,157],{"class":58},[44,146902,146047],{"class":153},[44,146904,157],{"class":58},[44,146906,5488],{"class":111},[44,146908,1869],{"class":58},[20,146910,146911],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146913,146915],{"className":37,"code":146914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146916,146917,146949,146977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146918,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146920,3948],{"class":50},[44,146922,55],{"class":54},[44,146924,3746],{"class":58},[44,146926,63],{"class":62},[44,146928,3108],{"class":66},[44,146930,63],{"class":62},[44,146932,83],{"class":58},[44,146934,75],{"class":62},[44,146936,2173],{"class":66},[44,146938,63],{"class":62},[44,146940,83],{"class":58},[44,146942,75],{"class":62},[44,146944,2179],{"class":66},[44,146946,63],{"class":62},[44,146948,3759],{"class":58},[44,146950,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,146952,41109],{"class":50},[44,146954,55],{"class":54},[44,146956,145977],{"class":153},[44,146958,157],{"class":58},[44,146960,2306],{"class":1861},[44,146962,157],{"class":58},[44,146964,2291],{"class":111},[44,146966,3786],{"class":58},[44,146968,4003],{"class":4002},[44,146970,4006],{"class":111},[44,146972,4009],{"class":4002},[44,146974,4012],{"class":111},[44,146976,162],{"class":58},[44,146978,146979,146981,146983,146985],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,146980,154],{"class":153},[44,146982,157],{"class":58},[44,146984,41138],{"class":111},[44,146986,162],{"class":58},[20,146988,330],{},[35,146990,146991],{"className":37,"code":2774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146992,146993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146994,146995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146996,2774],{"class":95},[20,146998,146999],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1960,147001,147003],{"id":147002},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147005,4656],{},[35,147007,147009],{"className":37,"code":147008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147010,147011,147039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147012,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147014,3948],{"class":50},[44,147016,55],{"class":54},[44,147018,3746],{"class":58},[44,147020,3108],{"class":95},[44,147022,83],{"class":58},[44,147024,1012],{"class":95},[44,147026,83],{"class":58},[44,147028,75],{"class":62},[44,147030,2179],{"class":66},[44,147032,63],{"class":62},[44,147034,83],{"class":58},[44,147036,2574],{"class":95},[44,147038,3759],{"class":58},[44,147040,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147042,154],{"class":153},[44,147044,157],{"class":58},[44,147046,146047],{"class":153},[44,147048,157],{"class":58},[44,147050,5488],{"class":111},[44,147052,1869],{"class":58},[20,147054,147055],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,147057,147059],{"className":37,"code":147058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147060,147061,147089,147117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147062,147063,147065,147067,147069,147071,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147064,3948],{"class":50},[44,147066,55],{"class":54},[44,147068,3746],{"class":58},[44,147070,3108],{"class":95},[44,147072,83],{"class":58},[44,147074,1012],{"class":95},[44,147076,83],{"class":58},[44,147078,75],{"class":62},[44,147080,2179],{"class":66},[44,147082,63],{"class":62},[44,147084,83],{"class":58},[44,147086,2574],{"class":95},[44,147088,3759],{"class":58},[44,147090,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111,147113,147115],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147092,41109],{"class":50},[44,147094,55],{"class":54},[44,147096,145977],{"class":153},[44,147098,157],{"class":58},[44,147100,2306],{"class":1861},[44,147102,157],{"class":58},[44,147104,2291],{"class":111},[44,147106,3786],{"class":58},[44,147108,4003],{"class":4002},[44,147110,4006],{"class":111},[44,147112,4009],{"class":4002},[44,147114,4012],{"class":111},[44,147116,162],{"class":58},[44,147118,147119,147121,147123,147125],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,147120,154],{"class":153},[44,147122,157],{"class":58},[44,147124,41138],{"class":111},[44,147126,162],{"class":58},[20,147128,330],{},[35,147130,147131],{"className":37,"code":2494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147132,147133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147134,147135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147136,2494],{"class":95},[1960,147138,567,147140,147142],{"id":147139},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147141,145924],{}," to join text",[20,147144,4656],{},[35,147146,147148],{"className":37,"code":147147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147149,147150,147206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147151,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200,147202,147204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147153,36013],{"class":50},[44,147155,55],{"class":54},[44,147157,3746],{"class":58},[44,147159,63],{"class":62},[44,147161,134048],{"class":66},[44,147163,63],{"class":62},[44,147165,83],{"class":58},[44,147167,75],{"class":62},[44,147169,11850],{"class":66},[44,147171,63],{"class":62},[44,147173,83],{"class":58},[44,147175,75],{"class":62},[44,147177,63221],{"class":66},[44,147179,63],{"class":62},[44,147181,83],{"class":58},[44,147183,75],{"class":62},[44,147185,60372],{"class":66},[44,147187,63],{"class":62},[44,147189,83],{"class":58},[44,147191,75],{"class":62},[44,147193,60407],{"class":66},[44,147195,63],{"class":62},[44,147197,83],{"class":58},[44,147199,75],{"class":62},[44,147201,75965],{"class":66},[44,147203,63],{"class":62},[44,147205,3759],{"class":58},[44,147207,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147209,154],{"class":153},[44,147211,157],{"class":58},[44,147213,146047],{"class":153},[44,147215,157],{"class":58},[44,147217,36066],{"class":111},[44,147219,1869],{"class":58},[20,147221,172,147222,60466],{},[15,147223,133372],{},[35,147225,147227],{"className":37,"code":147226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147228,147229,147285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147230,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147232,36013],{"class":50},[44,147234,55],{"class":54},[44,147236,3746],{"class":58},[44,147238,63],{"class":62},[44,147240,134048],{"class":66},[44,147242,63],{"class":62},[44,147244,83],{"class":58},[44,147246,75],{"class":62},[44,147248,11850],{"class":66},[44,147250,63],{"class":62},[44,147252,83],{"class":58},[44,147254,75],{"class":62},[44,147256,63221],{"class":66},[44,147258,63],{"class":62},[44,147260,83],{"class":58},[44,147262,75],{"class":62},[44,147264,60372],{"class":66},[44,147266,63],{"class":62},[44,147268,83],{"class":58},[44,147270,75],{"class":62},[44,147272,60407],{"class":66},[44,147274,63],{"class":62},[44,147276,83],{"class":58},[44,147278,75],{"class":62},[44,147280,75965],{"class":66},[44,147282,63],{"class":62},[44,147284,3759],{"class":58},[44,147286,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147288,154],{"class":153},[44,147290,157],{"class":58},[44,147292,6401],{"class":62},[44,147294,108],{"class":58},[44,147296,133449],{"class":111},[44,147298,157],{"class":58},[44,147300,36066],{"class":111},[44,147302,1869],{"class":58},[20,147304,330],{},[35,147306,147307],{"className":37,"code":134129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147308,147309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147310,147311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147312,134129],{"class":50},[20,147314,147315,147316,108],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[395,147317,147318],{"href":135210},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,147320,147322,147324],{"id":147321},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147323,145924],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147326,147327,147329],{},[15,147328,145924],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1960,147331,567,147333],{"id":147332},"using-sum",[15,147334,145924],{},[35,147336,147338],{"className":37,"code":147337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147339,147340,147360,147374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147341,147342,147344,147346,147348,147350,147352,147354,147356,147358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147343,3741],{"class":50},[44,147345,55],{"class":54},[44,147347,3746],{"class":58},[44,147349,2623],{"class":95},[44,147351,83],{"class":58},[44,147353,6123],{"class":95},[44,147355,83],{"class":58},[44,147357,54068],{"class":95},[44,147359,3759],{"class":58},[44,147361,147362,147364,147366,147368,147370,147372],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147363,41109],{"class":50},[44,147365,55],{"class":54},[44,147367,145977],{"class":153},[44,147369,157],{"class":58},[44,147371,3773],{"class":111},[44,147373,162],{"class":58},[44,147375,147376,147378,147380,147382],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,147377,154],{"class":153},[44,147379,157],{"class":58},[44,147381,41138],{"class":111},[44,147383,162],{"class":58},[1960,147385,147387],{"id":147386},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147389,147391],{"className":37,"code":147390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147392,147393,147413,147421,147425,147437,147445,147449],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147394,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147396,3741],{"class":50},[44,147398,55],{"class":54},[44,147400,3746],{"class":58},[44,147402,2623],{"class":95},[44,147404,83],{"class":58},[44,147406,6123],{"class":95},[44,147408,83],{"class":58},[44,147410,54068],{"class":95},[44,147412,3759],{"class":58},[44,147414,147415,147417,147419],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147416,41109],{"class":50},[44,147418,55],{"class":54},[44,147420,38438],{"class":95},[44,147422,147423],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,147424,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,147426,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,147428,6087],{"class":4002},[44,147430,6516],{"class":50},[44,147432,4009],{"class":4002},[44,147434,4392],{"class":50},[44,147436,6523],{"class":58},[44,147438,147439,147441,147443],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,147440,90042],{"class":50},[44,147442,90045],{"class":54},[44,147444,90048],{"class":50},[44,147446,147447],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,147448,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,147450,147451,147453,147455,147457],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,147452,154],{"class":153},[44,147454,157],{"class":58},[44,147456,41138],{"class":111},[44,147458,162],{"class":58},[20,147460,147461],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147463,2606,147464,147466],{},[15,147465,145924],{}," is often better:",[192,147468,147469,147472,147475],{},[195,147470,147471],{},"Shorter code",[195,147473,147474],{},"Easier to read",[195,147476,147477],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147479,147480],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[192,147482,147483,147486,147489],{},[195,147484,147485],{},"You need to skip some values",[195,147487,147488],{},"You need extra checks",[195,147490,147491],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147493,147494,147495,147498,147499,147501],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[395,147496,147497],{"href":39934},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147500,145924],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147503,1803],{"id":1802},[20,147505,147506,147507,72],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147508,145924],{},[192,147510,147511,147517,147524,147531],{},[195,147512,147513,147514],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147515,147516],{},"sum(5)",[195,147518,147519,147520,147523],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147521,147522],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[195,147525,567,147526,147528,147529],{},[15,147527,145924],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147530,133372],{},[195,147532,147533],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147535,9005,147536,147538],{},[15,147537,145924],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147540,147542],{"className":37,"code":147541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147543,147544,147554,147568,147592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147545,147546,147548,147550,147552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147547,154],{"class":153},[44,147549,157],{"class":58},[44,147551,5488],{"class":111},[44,147553,162],{"class":58},[44,147555,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564,147566],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147557,154],{"class":153},[44,147559,157],{"class":58},[44,147561,1862],{"class":1861},[44,147563,157],{"class":58},[44,147565,5488],{"class":111},[44,147567,1869],{"class":58},[44,147569,147570,147572,147574,147576,147578,147580,147582,147584,147586,147588,147590],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,147571,154],{"class":153},[44,147573,3105],{"class":58},[44,147575,1862],{"class":1861},[44,147577,157],{"class":58},[44,147579,2291],{"class":111},[44,147581,3786],{"class":58},[44,147583,4003],{"class":4002},[44,147585,4006],{"class":111},[44,147587,4009],{"class":4002},[44,147589,4012],{"class":111},[44,147591,4015],{"class":58},[44,147593,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,147595,154],{"class":153},[44,147597,157],{"class":58},[44,147599,146047],{"class":153},[44,147601,3105],{"class":58},[44,147603,2306],{"class":1861},[44,147605,157],{"class":58},[44,147607,2291],{"class":111},[44,147609,3786],{"class":58},[44,147611,4003],{"class":4002},[44,147613,4006],{"class":111},[44,147615,4009],{"class":4002},[44,147617,4012],{"class":111},[44,147619,3119],{"class":58},[20,147621,135943],{},[192,147623,147624,147630,147636,147641],{},[195,147625,147626,147629],{},[15,147627,147628],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[195,147631,147632,147635],{},[15,147633,147634],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[195,147637,147638,135965],{},[15,147639,147640],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[195,147642,147643,147646],{},[15,147644,147645],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147648,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,147650,5273,147652,5276],{"id":147651},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147653,145924],{},[20,147655,147656],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1960,147658,1984,147660,147662],{"id":147659},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147661,145924],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147664,30337,147665,2997,147668,147671],{},[15,147666,147667],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147669,147670],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1960,147673,1984,147675,147677],{"id":147674},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147676,145924],{}," work with floats?",[20,147679,147680],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1960,147682,147684,147685,2610],{"id":147683},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147686,145924],{},[20,147688,147689,147690,147692],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147691,35995],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1960,147694,5288,147696,119328,147698,2610],{"id":147695},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147697,145924],{},[15,147699,3125],{},[20,147701,147702],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147704,2020],{"id":2019},[192,147706,147707,147711,147717,147723,147729,147733,147737],{},[195,147708,147709],{},[395,147710,146407],{"href":2536},[195,147712,147713],{},[395,147714,3697,147715,3630],{"href":36118},[15,147716,36121],{},[195,147718,147719],{},[395,147720,3697,147721,3630],{"href":42285},[15,147722,42288],{},[195,147724,147725],{},[395,147726,3697,147727,3630],{"href":42102},[15,147728,47613],{},[195,147730,147731],{},[395,147732,5350],{"href":39934},[195,147734,147735],{},[395,147736,3647],{"href":3081},[195,147738,147739],{},[395,147740,147318],{"href":135210},[2048,147742,147743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":147745},[147746,147747,147749,147750,147751,147753,147761,147767,147774,147780,147781,147793],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":146003,"depth":102,"text":147748},"What sum() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":146181,"depth":102,"text":147752},"Using the start value",{"id":146283,"depth":102,"text":147754,"children":147755},"What sum() can work with",[147756,147757,147758,147760],{"id":40350,"depth":150,"text":40351},{"id":51977,"depth":150,"text":146349},{"id":146410,"depth":150,"text":147759},"Values from range()",{"id":146458,"depth":150,"text":146459},{"id":146532,"depth":102,"text":147762,"children":147763},"What sum() does not work with",[147764,147765,147766],{"id":146543,"depth":150,"text":146544},{"id":146660,"depth":150,"text":146661},{"id":146718,"depth":150,"text":146719},{"id":41430,"depth":102,"text":41431,"children":147768},[147769,147770,147771,147772],{"id":6653,"depth":150,"text":6654},{"id":146854,"depth":150,"text":146855},{"id":147002,"depth":150,"text":147003},{"id":147139,"depth":150,"text":147773},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147321,"depth":102,"text":147775,"children":147776},"sum() vs manual loop",[147777,147779],{"id":147332,"depth":150,"text":147778},"Using sum()",{"id":147386,"depth":150,"text":147387},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":147782},[147783,147785,147787,147789,147791],{"id":147651,"depth":150,"text":147784},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147659,"depth":150,"text":147786},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147674,"depth":150,"text":147788},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147683,"depth":150,"text":147790},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147695,"depth":150,"text":147792},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145916,"description":147794},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147801,"title":147802,"body":147803,"description":149205,"extension":2080,"meta":149206,"navigation":682,"path":149207,"seo":149208,"stem":149209,"__hash__":149210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147804,"toc":149173},[147805,147811,147817,147820,147883,147889,147894,147898,147915,147929,147933,147953,147967,147969,148062,148064,148078,148080,148083,148172,148174,148182,148191,148193,148197,148218,148220,148312,148314,148335,148337,148341,148355,148357,148431,148433,148452,148456,148459,148482,148484,148595,148602,148610,148612,148618,148621,148664,148667,148690,148698,148702,148777,148783,148808,148815,148818,148821,148825,148830,148918,148926,148930,148933,148958,148962,149023,149027,149076,149086,149088,149093,149096,149102,149105,149109,149113,149119,149122,149130,149138,149140,149170],[10,147806,147808,147809,18],{"id":147807},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147810,57223],{},[20,147812,147813,147816],{},[15,147814,147815],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147818,147819],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147821,147823],{"className":37,"code":147822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147824,147825,147853,147871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147826,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835,147837,147839,147841,147843,147845,147847,147849,147851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147828,3741],{"class":50},[44,147830,55],{"class":54},[44,147832,857],{"class":58},[44,147834,3108],{"class":95},[44,147836,83],{"class":58},[44,147838,1012],{"class":95},[44,147840,83],{"class":58},[44,147842,1012],{"class":95},[44,147844,83],{"class":58},[44,147846,1017],{"class":95},[44,147848,83],{"class":58},[44,147850,1012],{"class":95},[44,147852,162],{"class":58},[44,147854,147855,147857,147859,147861,147863,147865,147867,147869],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,147856,1340],{"class":50},[44,147858,55],{"class":54},[44,147860,4392],{"class":50},[44,147862,108],{"class":58},[44,147864,41186],{"class":111},[44,147866,157],{"class":58},[44,147868,2173],{"class":95},[44,147870,162],{"class":58},[44,147872,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,147874,154],{"class":153},[44,147876,157],{"class":58},[44,147878,1376],{"class":111},[44,147880,3786],{"class":58},[44,147882,50701],{"class":168},[20,147884,172,147885,147888],{},[15,147886,147887],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147890,179,147892,182],{"id":147891},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147893,147815],{},[20,147895,147896,72],{},[15,147897,147887],{},[192,147899,147900,147906,147909,147912],{},[195,147901,147902,147903,147905],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147904,2590],{}," appears in the tuple",[195,147907,147908],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[195,147910,147911],{},"Returns an integer",[195,147913,147914],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147916,147917,147918,147920,147921,2997,147925,108],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147919,57223],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[395,147922,147924],{"href":147923},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[395,147926,147928],{"href":147927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147930,147932],{"id":147931},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147934,147936],{"className":37,"code":147935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147937,147938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147939,147940,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147941,147942],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147944,108],{"class":58},[44,147946,41186],{"class":111},[44,147948,157],{"class":58},[44,147950,2590],{"class":111},[44,147952,162],{"class":58},[192,147954,147955,147959,147962],{},[195,147956,147957,57388],{},[15,147958,2590],{},[195,147960,147961],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[195,147963,147964,147965],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147966,2237],{},[1960,147968,103043],{"id":103042},[35,147970,147972],{"className":37,"code":147971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147973,147974,148014,148038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147975,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147977,13172],{"class":50},[44,147979,55],{"class":54},[44,147981,857],{"class":58},[44,147983,63],{"class":62},[44,147985,13189],{"class":66},[44,147987,63],{"class":62},[44,147989,83],{"class":58},[44,147991,75],{"class":62},[44,147993,13206],{"class":66},[44,147995,63],{"class":62},[44,147997,83],{"class":58},[44,147999,75],{"class":62},[44,148001,13189],{"class":66},[44,148003,63],{"class":62},[44,148005,83],{"class":58},[44,148007,75],{"class":62},[44,148009,17534],{"class":66},[44,148011,63],{"class":62},[44,148013,162],{"class":58},[44,148015,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148017,154],{"class":153},[44,148019,157],{"class":58},[44,148021,17581],{"class":111},[44,148023,108],{"class":58},[44,148025,41186],{"class":111},[44,148027,157],{"class":58},[44,148029,63],{"class":62},[44,148031,13189],{"class":66},[44,148033,63],{"class":62},[44,148035,5491],{"class":58},[44,148037,57578],{"class":168},[44,148039,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148041,154],{"class":153},[44,148043,157],{"class":58},[44,148045,17581],{"class":111},[44,148047,108],{"class":58},[44,148049,41186],{"class":111},[44,148051,157],{"class":58},[44,148053,63],{"class":62},[44,148055,22594],{"class":66},[44,148057,63],{"class":62},[44,148059,5491],{"class":58},[44,148061,51178],{"class":168},[20,148063,20031],{},[192,148065,148066,148071],{},[195,148067,148068,148070],{},[15,148069,65327],{}," appears 2 times",[195,148072,148073,148075,148076],{},[15,148074,109739],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148077,2237],{},[30,148079,11581],{"id":11580},[20,148081,148082],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,148084,148086],{"className":37,"code":148085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148087,148088,148136,148140,148162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148089,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132,148134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148091,36162],{"class":50},[44,148093,55],{"class":54},[44,148095,857],{"class":58},[44,148097,63],{"class":62},[44,148099,4207],{"class":66},[44,148101,63],{"class":62},[44,148103,83],{"class":58},[44,148105,75],{"class":62},[44,148107,4216],{"class":66},[44,148109,63],{"class":62},[44,148111,83],{"class":58},[44,148113,75],{"class":62},[44,148115,4207],{"class":66},[44,148117,63],{"class":62},[44,148119,83],{"class":58},[44,148121,75],{"class":62},[44,148123,33140],{"class":66},[44,148125,63],{"class":62},[44,148127,83],{"class":58},[44,148129,75],{"class":62},[44,148131,4207],{"class":66},[44,148133,63],{"class":62},[44,148135,162],{"class":58},[44,148137,148138],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148139,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,148141,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148143,1340],{"class":50},[44,148145,55],{"class":54},[44,148147,52783],{"class":50},[44,148149,108],{"class":58},[44,148151,41186],{"class":111},[44,148153,157],{"class":58},[44,148155,63],{"class":62},[44,148157,4207],{"class":66},[44,148159,63],{"class":62},[44,148161,162],{"class":58},[44,148163,148164,148166,148168,148170],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,148165,154],{"class":153},[44,148167,157],{"class":58},[44,148169,1376],{"class":111},[44,148171,162],{"class":58},[20,148173,330],{},[35,148175,148176],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,148177,148178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148179,148180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148181,46546],{"class":95},[20,148183,148184,148186,148187,1298,148189,108],{},[15,148185,57766],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148188,57223],{},[15,148190,2179],{},[30,148192,37945],{"id":37944},[20,148194,57477,148195,128678],{},[15,148196,57223],{},[192,148198,148199,148204,148209,148212],{},[195,148200,11530,148201,148203],{},[15,148202,2237],{}," when the value does not exist",[195,148205,11530,148206,148208],{},[15,148207,3108],{}," when the value appears once",[195,148210,148211],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[195,148213,148214,148215,148217],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148216,7128],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148219,223],{},[35,148221,148223],{"className":37,"code":148222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148224,148225,148266,148270,148297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148226,148227,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238,148240,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262,148264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148228,148229],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,148231,55],{"class":54},[44,148233,857],{"class":58},[44,148235,63],{"class":62},[44,148237,8788],{"class":66},[44,148239,63],{"class":62},[44,148241,83],{"class":58},[44,148243,75],{"class":62},[44,148245,8728],{"class":66},[44,148247,63],{"class":62},[44,148249,83],{"class":58},[44,148251,75],{"class":62},[44,148253,8788],{"class":66},[44,148255,63],{"class":62},[44,148257,83],{"class":58},[44,148259,75],{"class":62},[44,148261,8788],{"class":66},[44,148263,63],{"class":62},[44,148265,162],{"class":58},[44,148267,148268],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148269,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,148271,148272,148274,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287,148289,148291,148293,148295],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148273,7128],{"class":4002},[44,148275,148276],{"class":50}," answers",[44,148278,108],{"class":58},[44,148280,41186],{"class":111},[44,148282,157],{"class":58},[44,148284,63],{"class":62},[44,148286,8788],{"class":66},[44,148288,63],{"class":62},[44,148290,3786],{"class":58},[44,148292,38321],{"class":54},[44,148294,504],{"class":95},[44,148296,6523],{"class":58},[44,148298,148299,148301,148303,148305,148308,148310],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,148300,8200],{"class":153},[44,148302,157],{"class":58},[44,148304,63],{"class":62},[44,148306,148307],{"class":66},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,148309,63],{"class":62},[44,148311,162],{"class":58},[20,148313,330],{},[35,148315,148317],{"className":37,"code":148316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148318,148319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148320,148321,148324,148326,148328,148330,148333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148322,148323],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,148325,343],{"class":62},[44,148327,8788],{"class":66},[44,148329,343],{"class":62},[44,148331,148332],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148334,122322],{"class":58},[30,148336,40972],{"id":40971},[20,148338,35327,148339,104506],{},[15,148340,147815],{},[192,148342,148343,148346,148349,148352],{},[195,148344,148345],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[195,148347,148348],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[195,148350,148351],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[195,148353,148354],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148356,223],{},[35,148358,148360],{"className":37,"code":148359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148361,148362,148390,148394,148416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148363,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148365,811],{"class":50},[44,148367,55],{"class":54},[44,148369,857],{"class":58},[44,148371,2448],{"class":95},[44,148373,83],{"class":58},[44,148375,96],{"class":95},[44,148377,83],{"class":58},[44,148379,528],{"class":95},[44,148381,83],{"class":58},[44,148383,7925],{"class":95},[44,148385,83],{"class":58},[44,148387,528],{"class":95},[44,148389,162],{"class":58},[44,148391,148392],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148393,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,148395,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148397,7128],{"class":4002},[44,148399,5241],{"class":50},[44,148401,108],{"class":58},[44,148403,41186],{"class":111},[44,148405,157],{"class":58},[44,148407,2448],{"class":95},[44,148409,3786],{"class":58},[44,148411,51219],{"class":54},[44,148413,1012],{"class":95},[44,148415,6523],{"class":58},[44,148417,148418,148420,148422,148424,148427,148429],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,148419,8200],{"class":153},[44,148421,157],{"class":58},[44,148423,63],{"class":62},[44,148425,148426],{"class":66},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148428,63],{"class":62},[44,148430,162],{"class":58},[20,148432,330],{},[35,148434,148436],{"className":37,"code":148435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148437,148438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148439,148440,148443,148445,148447,148450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148441,148442],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148444,2448],{"class":95},[44,148446,8227],{"class":54},[44,148448,148449],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148451,122322],{"class":58},[30,148453,148455],{"id":148454},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148457,148458],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[192,148460,148461,148467,148472,148475],{},[195,148462,148463,148464,148466],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148465,57223],{}," still works because it only reads data",[195,148468,148469,148471],{},[15,148470,57223],{}," counts exact matches",[195,148473,148474],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[195,148476,148477,4523,148479,148481],{},[15,148478,3108],{},[15,148480,42085],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148483,223],{},[35,148485,148487],{"className":37,"code":148486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148488,148489,148523,148527,148547,148571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148490,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148504,148506,148508,148511,148513,148515,148517,148519,148521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148492,3948],{"class":50},[44,148494,55],{"class":54},[44,148496,857],{"class":58},[44,148498,3108],{"class":95},[44,148500,83],{"class":58},[44,148502,148503],{"class":95}," 1.0",[44,148505,83],{"class":58},[44,148507,75],{"class":62},[44,148509,148510],{"class":66},"Cat",[44,148512,63],{"class":62},[44,148514,83],{"class":58},[44,148516,75],{"class":62},[44,148518,36971],{"class":66},[44,148520,63],{"class":62},[44,148522,162],{"class":58},[44,148524,148525],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148526,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,148528,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539,148541,148543,148545],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148530,154],{"class":153},[44,148532,157],{"class":58},[44,148534,5488],{"class":111},[44,148536,108],{"class":58},[44,148538,41186],{"class":111},[44,148540,157],{"class":58},[44,148542,3108],{"class":95},[44,148544,5491],{"class":58},[44,148546,51025],{"class":168},[44,148548,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565,148567,148569],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,148550,154],{"class":153},[44,148552,157],{"class":58},[44,148554,5488],{"class":111},[44,148556,108],{"class":58},[44,148558,41186],{"class":111},[44,148560,157],{"class":58},[44,148562,63],{"class":62},[44,148564,148510],{"class":66},[44,148566,63],{"class":62},[44,148568,5491],{"class":58},[44,148570,27848],{"class":168},[44,148572,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,148574,154],{"class":153},[44,148576,157],{"class":58},[44,148578,5488],{"class":111},[44,148580,108],{"class":58},[44,148582,41186],{"class":111},[44,148584,157],{"class":58},[44,148586,63],{"class":62},[44,148588,36971],{"class":66},[44,148590,63],{"class":62},[44,148592,5491],{"class":58},[44,148594,27848],{"class":168},[20,148596,5288,148597,5291,148600,2610],{},[15,148598,148599],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148601,2173],{},[20,148603,8916,148604,4915,148607,148609],{},[15,148605,148606],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148608,3726],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148611,1803],{"id":1802},[1960,148613,567,148615,148617],{"id":148614},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148616,41186],{}," without parentheses",[20,148619,148620],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148622,148624],{"className":37,"code":148623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148625,148626,148650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148627,148628,148630,148632,148634,148636,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148629,3741],{"class":50},[44,148631,55],{"class":54},[44,148633,857],{"class":58},[44,148635,3108],{"class":95},[44,148637,83],{"class":58},[44,148639,1012],{"class":95},[44,148641,83],{"class":58},[44,148643,1012],{"class":95},[44,148645,83],{"class":58},[44,148647,1017],{"class":95},[44,148649,162],{"class":58},[44,148651,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148653,154],{"class":153},[44,148655,157],{"class":58},[44,148657,3773],{"class":111},[44,148659,108],{"class":58},[44,148661,41186],{"class":1923},[44,148663,162],{"class":58},[20,148665,148666],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148668,148670],{"className":37,"code":148669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148671,148672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148673,148674,148676,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148675,154],{"class":153},[44,148677,157],{"class":58},[44,148679,3773],{"class":111},[44,148681,108],{"class":58},[44,148683,41186],{"class":111},[44,148685,157],{"class":58},[44,148687,2173],{"class":95},[44,148689,1869],{"class":58},[1960,148691,1821,148692,8586,148694,2997,148696],{"id":58526},[15,148693,57223],{},[15,148695,3726],{},[15,148697,3799],{},[20,148699,148700,58537],{},[15,148701,57223],{},[35,148703,148705],{"className":37,"code":148704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148706,148707,148739,148761,148765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148708,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148710,36013],{"class":50},[44,148712,55],{"class":54},[44,148714,857],{"class":58},[44,148716,63],{"class":62},[44,148718,395],{"class":66},[44,148720,63],{"class":62},[44,148722,83],{"class":58},[44,148724,75],{"class":62},[44,148726,1005],{"class":66},[44,148728,63],{"class":62},[44,148730,83],{"class":58},[44,148732,75],{"class":62},[44,148734,395],{"class":66},[44,148736,63],{"class":62},[44,148738,162],{"class":58},[44,148740,148741,148743,148745,148747,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148742,1340],{"class":50},[44,148744,55],{"class":54},[44,148746,70031],{"class":50},[44,148748,108],{"class":58},[44,148750,41186],{"class":111},[44,148752,157],{"class":58},[44,148754,63],{"class":62},[44,148756,395],{"class":66},[44,148758,63],{"class":62},[44,148760,162],{"class":58},[44,148762,148763],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148764,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,148766,148767,148769,148771,148773,148775],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,148768,154],{"class":153},[44,148770,157],{"class":58},[44,148772,1376],{"class":111},[44,148774,3786],{"class":58},[44,148776,51346],{"class":168},[20,148778,148779,148780,148782],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148781,4009],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148784,148786],{"className":37,"code":148785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148787,148788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148789,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798,148800,148802,148804,148806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148791,154],{"class":153},[44,148793,157],{"class":58},[44,148795,63],{"class":62},[44,148797,395],{"class":66},[44,148799,63],{"class":62},[44,148801,21245],{"class":4002},[44,148803,70031],{"class":111},[44,148805,3786],{"class":58},[44,148807,3789],{"class":168},[1960,148809,37128,148811,8835,148813],{"id":148810},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148812,147815],{},[15,148814,57228],{},[20,148816,148817],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148819,148820],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1960,148822,148824],{"id":148823},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148826,148827,148829],{},[15,148828,57223],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148831,148833],{"className":37,"code":148832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148834,148835,148868,148894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148836,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148838,4198],{"class":50},[44,148840,55],{"class":54},[44,148842,857],{"class":58},[44,148844,63],{"class":62},[44,148846,4207],{"class":66},[44,148848,63],{"class":62},[44,148850,83],{"class":58},[44,148852,75],{"class":62},[44,148854,148855],{"class":66},"pineapple",[44,148857,63],{"class":62},[44,148859,83],{"class":58},[44,148861,75],{"class":62},[44,148863,4207],{"class":66},[44,148865,63],{"class":62},[44,148867,162],{"class":58},[44,148869,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878,148880,148882,148884,148887,148889,148891],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148871,154],{"class":153},[44,148873,157],{"class":58},[44,148875,4242],{"class":111},[44,148877,108],{"class":58},[44,148879,41186],{"class":111},[44,148881,157],{"class":58},[44,148883,63],{"class":62},[44,148885,148886],{"class":66},"app",[44,148888,63],{"class":62},[44,148890,5491],{"class":58},[44,148892,148893],{"class":168},"    # 0\n",[44,148895,148896,148898,148900,148902,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148897,154],{"class":153},[44,148899,157],{"class":58},[44,148901,4242],{"class":111},[44,148903,108],{"class":58},[44,148905,41186],{"class":111},[44,148907,157],{"class":58},[44,148909,63],{"class":62},[44,148911,4207],{"class":66},[44,148913,63],{"class":62},[44,148915,5491],{"class":58},[44,148917,51346],{"class":168},[20,148919,148920,148923,148924,108],{},[15,148921,148922],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148925,2237],{},[30,148927,148929],{"id":148928},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148931,148932],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[192,148934,148935,148940,148949,148955],{},[195,148936,172,148937,148939],{},[15,148938,4009],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[195,148941,172,148942,148948],{},[395,148943,148945,148946],{"href":148944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148947,58901],{}," to find the position of a value",[195,148950,172,148951,148954],{},[15,148952,148953],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[195,148956,148957],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148959,45969,148960,72],{},[15,148961,4009],{},[35,148963,148965],{"className":37,"code":148964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148966,148967,148987,148991,149007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148968,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979,148981,148983,148985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148970,3741],{"class":50},[44,148972,55],{"class":54},[44,148974,857],{"class":58},[44,148976,2623],{"class":95},[44,148978,83],{"class":58},[44,148980,6123],{"class":95},[44,148982,83],{"class":58},[44,148984,54068],{"class":95},[44,148986,162],{"class":58},[44,148988,148989],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,148990,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,148992,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001,149003,149005],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,148994,154],{"class":153},[44,148996,157],{"class":58},[44,148998,2141],{"class":95},[44,149000,21245],{"class":4002},[44,149002,4392],{"class":111},[44,149004,3786],{"class":58},[44,149006,43783],{"class":168},[44,149008,149009,149011,149013,149015,149017,149019,149021],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,149010,154],{"class":153},[44,149012,157],{"class":58},[44,149014,2254],{"class":95},[44,149016,21245],{"class":4002},[44,149018,4392],{"class":111},[44,149020,3786],{"class":58},[44,149022,43800],{"class":168},[20,149024,45969,149025,72],{},[15,149026,58901],{},[35,149028,149030],{"className":37,"code":149029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149031,149032,149056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149033,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149035,3741],{"class":50},[44,149037,55],{"class":54},[44,149039,857],{"class":58},[44,149041,2623],{"class":95},[44,149043,83],{"class":58},[44,149045,6123],{"class":95},[44,149047,83],{"class":58},[44,149049,54068],{"class":95},[44,149051,83],{"class":58},[44,149053,6123],{"class":95},[44,149055,162],{"class":58},[44,149057,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149059,154],{"class":153},[44,149061,157],{"class":58},[44,149063,3773],{"class":111},[44,149065,108],{"class":58},[44,149067,35768],{"class":111},[44,149069,157],{"class":58},[44,149071,2141],{"class":95},[44,149073,5491],{"class":58},[44,149075,27848],{"class":168},[20,149077,149078,149080,149081,149083,149085],{},[15,149079,57223],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9961,149082],{},[15,149084,58901],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,149087,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,149089,5273,149091,5276],{"id":149090},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149092,147815],{},[20,149094,149095],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1960,149097,1963,149099,149101],{"id":149098},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149100,147815],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149103,149104],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1960,149106,149108],{"id":149107},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149110,12015,149111,108],{},[15,149112,2237],{},[1960,149114,1984,149116,149118],{"id":149115},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149117,147815],{}," count strings?",[20,149120,149121],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1960,149123,2007,149125,4523,149127,2610],{"id":149124},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149126,147815],{},[15,149128,149129],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149131,149132,149134,149135,149137],{},[15,149133,57223],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149136,58901],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,149139,2020],{"id":2019},[192,149141,149142,149146,149151,149158,149166],{},[195,149143,149144],{},[395,149145,147924],{"href":147923},[195,149147,149148],{},[395,149149,149150],{"href":147927},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[195,149152,149153],{},[395,149154,149155,149156,10852],{"href":148944},"Python tuple ",[15,149157,58901],{},[195,149159,149160],{},[395,149161,149163,149164],{"href":149162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149165,42288],{},[195,149167,149168],{},[395,149169,58889],{"href":58888},[2048,149171,149172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":149174},[149175,149177,149180,149181,149182,149183,149184,149192,149193,149204],{"id":147891,"depth":102,"text":149176},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147931,"depth":102,"text":147932,"children":149178},[149179],{"id":103042,"depth":150,"text":103043},{"id":11580,"depth":102,"text":11581},{"id":37944,"depth":102,"text":37945},{"id":40971,"depth":102,"text":40972},{"id":148454,"depth":102,"text":148455},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":149185},[149186,149188,149189,149191],{"id":148614,"depth":150,"text":149187},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58526,"depth":150,"text":58942},{"id":148810,"depth":150,"text":149190},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148823,"depth":150,"text":148824},{"id":148928,"depth":102,"text":148929},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":149194},[149195,149197,149199,149200,149202],{"id":149090,"depth":150,"text":149196},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149098,"depth":150,"text":149198},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149107,"depth":150,"text":149108},{"id":149115,"depth":150,"text":149201},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149124,"depth":150,"text":149203},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147802,"description":149205},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149212,"title":149213,"body":149214,"description":150901,"extension":2080,"meta":150902,"navigation":682,"path":150903,"seo":150904,"stem":150905,"__hash__":150906},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149215,"toc":150864},[149216,149219,149222,149231,149233,149363,149365,149426,149432,149434,149454,149458,149461,149464,149499,149501,149522,149525,149564,149566,149591,149598,149602,149605,149642,149644,149667,149670,149673,149685,149691,149695,149698,149704,149745,149747,149770,149773,149814,149816,149843,149845,149862,149864,149881,149884,149888,149891,149893,149927,149929,149976,149980,150019,150023,150026,150083,150085,150126,150132,150138,150143,150145,150182,150184,150204,150206,150239,150241,150274,150277,150281,150314,150316,150341,150344,150346,150360,150367,150369,150372,150376,150379,150414,150417,150452,150456,150459,150498,150501,150540,150544,150546,150576,150579,150586,150588,150620,150623,150655,150658,150689,150691,150708,150712,150715,150779,150781,150785,150792,150796,150799,150803,150806,150810,150813,150818,150824,150826,150861],[10,149217,149213],{"id":149218},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149220,149221],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149223,149224,149225,2997,149229,108],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[395,149226,149228],{"href":149227},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[395,149230,147924],{"href":147923},[30,149232,33],{"id":32},[35,149234,149236],{"className":37,"code":149235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149237,149238,149258,149267,149281,149317,149321,149331,149341,149352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149239,149240,149242,149244,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149241,3741],{"class":50},[44,149243,55],{"class":54},[44,149245,857],{"class":58},[44,149247,3108],{"class":95},[44,149249,83],{"class":58},[44,149251,1012],{"class":95},[44,149253,83],{"class":58},[44,149255,1017],{"class":95},[44,149257,162],{"class":58},[44,149259,149260,149262,149264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149261,124788],{"class":50},[44,149263,55],{"class":54},[44,149265,149266],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,149268,149269,149272,149274,149276,149278],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,149270,149271],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,149273,55],{"class":54},[44,149275,857],{"class":58},[44,149277,2254],{"class":95},[44,149279,149280],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,149282,149283,149286,149288,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,149284,149285],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,149287,55],{"class":54},[44,149289,149290],{"class":1861}," tuple",[44,149292,3105],{"class":58},[44,149294,63],{"class":62},[44,149296,395],{"class":66},[44,149298,63],{"class":62},[44,149300,83],{"class":58},[44,149302,75],{"class":62},[44,149304,1005],{"class":66},[44,149306,63],{"class":62},[44,149308,83],{"class":58},[44,149310,75],{"class":62},[44,149312,9855],{"class":66},[44,149314,63],{"class":62},[44,149316,4015],{"class":58},[44,149318,149319],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,149320,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,149322,149323,149325,149327,149329],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,149324,154],{"class":153},[44,149326,157],{"class":58},[44,149328,3773],{"class":111},[44,149330,162],{"class":58},[44,149332,149333,149335,149337,149339],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,149334,154],{"class":153},[44,149336,157],{"class":58},[44,149338,124839],{"class":111},[44,149340,162],{"class":58},[44,149342,149343,149345,149347,149350],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,149344,154],{"class":153},[44,149346,157],{"class":58},[44,149348,149349],{"class":111},"one_item",[44,149351,162],{"class":58},[44,149353,149354,149356,149358,149361],{"class":46,"line":6561},[44,149355,154],{"class":153},[44,149357,157],{"class":58},[44,149359,149360],{"class":111},"from_list",[44,149362,162],{"class":58},[20,149364,330],{},[35,149366,149368],{"className":37,"code":149367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149369,149370,149386,149390,149398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149371,149372,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382,149384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149373,157],{"class":58},[44,149375,3108],{"class":95},[44,149377,83],{"class":58},[44,149379,1012],{"class":95},[44,149381,83],{"class":58},[44,149383,1017],{"class":95},[44,149385,162],{"class":58},[44,149387,149388],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149389,1635],{"class":58},[44,149391,149392,149394,149396],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,149393,157],{"class":58},[44,149395,2254],{"class":95},[44,149397,149280],{"class":58},[44,149399,149400,149402,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414,149416,149418,149420,149422,149424],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,149401,157],{"class":58},[44,149403,343],{"class":62},[44,149405,395],{"class":66},[44,149407,343],{"class":62},[44,149409,83],{"class":58},[44,149411,352],{"class":62},[44,149413,1005],{"class":66},[44,149415,343],{"class":62},[44,149417,83],{"class":58},[44,149419,352],{"class":62},[44,149421,9855],{"class":66},[44,149423,343],{"class":62},[44,149425,162],{"class":58},[20,149427,149428,149429,108],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149430,149431],{},"(5,)",[30,149433,15248],{"id":15247},[192,149435,149436,149439,149442,149445,149448,149451],{},[195,149437,149438],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[195,149440,149441],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[195,149443,149444],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[195,149446,149447],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[195,149449,149450],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[195,149452,149453],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149455,149457],{"id":149456},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149459,149460],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149462,149463],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149465,149467],{"className":37,"code":149466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149468,149469,149489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149470,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485,149487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149472,3741],{"class":50},[44,149474,55],{"class":54},[44,149476,857],{"class":58},[44,149478,3108],{"class":95},[44,149480,83],{"class":58},[44,149482,1012],{"class":95},[44,149484,83],{"class":58},[44,149486,1017],{"class":95},[44,149488,162],{"class":58},[44,149490,149491,149493,149495,149497],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149492,154],{"class":153},[44,149494,157],{"class":58},[44,149496,3773],{"class":111},[44,149498,162],{"class":58},[20,149500,330],{},[35,149502,149504],{"className":37,"code":149503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149505,149506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149507,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518,149520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149509,157],{"class":58},[44,149511,3108],{"class":95},[44,149513,83],{"class":58},[44,149515,1012],{"class":95},[44,149517,83],{"class":58},[44,149519,1017],{"class":95},[44,149521,162],{"class":58},[20,149523,149524],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149526,149528],{"className":37,"code":149527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149529,149530,149554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149531,149532,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542,149544,149546,149548,149550,149552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149533,489],{"class":50},[44,149535,55],{"class":54},[44,149537,857],{"class":58},[44,149539,3108],{"class":95},[44,149541,83],{"class":58},[44,149543,75],{"class":62},[44,149545,4207],{"class":66},[44,149547,63],{"class":62},[44,149549,83],{"class":58},[44,149551,4043],{"class":1400},[44,149553,162],{"class":58},[44,149555,149556,149558,149560,149562],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149557,154],{"class":153},[44,149559,157],{"class":58},[44,149561,511],{"class":111},[44,149563,162],{"class":58},[20,149565,330],{},[35,149567,149569],{"className":37,"code":149568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149570,149571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149572,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587,149589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149574,157],{"class":58},[44,149576,3108],{"class":95},[44,149578,83],{"class":58},[44,149580,352],{"class":62},[44,149582,4207],{"class":66},[44,149584,343],{"class":62},[44,149586,83],{"class":58},[44,149588,4043],{"class":1400},[44,149590,162],{"class":58},[20,149592,149593,149594,108],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[395,149595,149597],{"href":149596},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,149599,149601],{"id":149600},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149603,149604],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149606,149608],{"className":37,"code":149607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149609,149610,149618,149628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149611,149612,149614,149616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149613,124788],{"class":50},[44,149615,55],{"class":54},[44,149617,149266],{"class":58},[44,149619,149620,149622,149624,149626],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149621,154],{"class":153},[44,149623,157],{"class":58},[44,149625,124839],{"class":111},[44,149627,162],{"class":58},[44,149629,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,149631,154],{"class":153},[44,149633,157],{"class":58},[44,149635,1862],{"class":1861},[44,149637,157],{"class":58},[44,149639,124839],{"class":111},[44,149641,1869],{"class":58},[20,149643,330],{},[35,149645,149647],{"className":37,"code":149646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149648,149649,149653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149650,149651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149652,1635],{"class":58},[44,149654,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149656,3411],{"class":54},[44,149658,3414],{"class":2182},[44,149660,352],{"class":62},[44,149662,48883],{"class":66},[44,149664,343],{"class":62},[44,149666,3423],{"class":54},[20,149668,149669],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149671,149672],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[192,149674,149675,149680],{},[195,149676,149677,149678],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149679,7497],{},[195,149681,149682,149683],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149684,3912],{},[20,149686,149687,149688,108],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[395,149689,149690],{"href":57086},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149692,149694],{"id":149693},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149696,149697],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149699,149700,149701,149703],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3868,149702,4762],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149705,149707],{"className":37,"code":149706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149708,149709,149721,149731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149712,2564],{"class":50},[44,149714,55],{"class":54},[44,149716,857],{"class":58},[44,149718,2254],{"class":95},[44,149720,162],{"class":58},[44,149722,149723,149725,149727,149729],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149724,154],{"class":153},[44,149726,157],{"class":58},[44,149728,2590],{"class":111},[44,149730,162],{"class":58},[44,149732,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,149734,154],{"class":153},[44,149736,157],{"class":58},[44,149738,1862],{"class":1861},[44,149740,157],{"class":58},[44,149742,2590],{"class":111},[44,149744,1869],{"class":58},[20,149746,330],{},[35,149748,149750],{"className":37,"code":149749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149751,149752,149756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149753,149754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149755,3066],{"class":95},[44,149757,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149759,3411],{"class":54},[44,149761,3414],{"class":2182},[44,149763,352],{"class":62},[44,149765,2306],{"class":66},[44,149767,343],{"class":62},[44,149769,3423],{"class":54},[20,149771,149772],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149774,149776],{"className":37,"code":149775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149777,149778,149790,149800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149779,149780,149782,149784,149786,149788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149781,149271],{"class":50},[44,149783,55],{"class":54},[44,149785,857],{"class":58},[44,149787,2254],{"class":95},[44,149789,149280],{"class":58},[44,149791,149792,149794,149796,149798],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149793,154],{"class":153},[44,149795,157],{"class":58},[44,149797,149349],{"class":111},[44,149799,162],{"class":58},[44,149801,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,149803,154],{"class":153},[44,149805,157],{"class":58},[44,149807,1862],{"class":1861},[44,149809,157],{"class":58},[44,149811,149349],{"class":111},[44,149813,1869],{"class":58},[20,149815,330],{},[35,149817,149819],{"className":37,"code":149818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149820,149821,149829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149822,149823,149825,149827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149824,157],{"class":58},[44,149826,2254],{"class":95},[44,149828,149280],{"class":58},[44,149830,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149832,3411],{"class":54},[44,149834,3414],{"class":2182},[44,149836,352],{"class":62},[44,149838,48883],{"class":66},[44,149840,343],{"class":62},[44,149842,3423],{"class":54},[20,149844,1436],{},[35,149846,149848],{"className":37,"code":149847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149849,149850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149853,157],{"class":58},[44,149855,63],{"class":62},[44,149857,4207],{"class":66},[44,149859,63],{"class":62},[44,149861,149280],{"class":58},[20,149863,16725],{},[35,149865,149867],{"className":37,"code":149866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149868,149869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149870,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149872,157],{"class":58},[44,149874,63],{"class":62},[44,149876,4207],{"class":66},[44,149878,63],{"class":62},[44,149880,162],{"class":58},[20,149882,149883],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149885,149887],{"id":149886},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149889,149890],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1960,149892,56394],{"id":3773},[35,149894,149895],{"className":37,"code":149466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149896,149897,149917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149898,149899,149901,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149900,3741],{"class":50},[44,149902,55],{"class":54},[44,149904,857],{"class":58},[44,149906,3108],{"class":95},[44,149908,83],{"class":58},[44,149910,1012],{"class":95},[44,149912,83],{"class":58},[44,149914,1017],{"class":95},[44,149916,162],{"class":58},[44,149918,149919,149921,149923,149925],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149920,154],{"class":153},[44,149922,157],{"class":58},[44,149924,3773],{"class":111},[44,149926,162],{"class":58},[1960,149928,56397],{"id":5438},[35,149930,149932],{"className":37,"code":149931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149933,149934,149966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149935,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149937,13172],{"class":50},[44,149939,55],{"class":54},[44,149941,857],{"class":58},[44,149943,63],{"class":62},[44,149945,13189],{"class":66},[44,149947,63],{"class":62},[44,149949,83],{"class":58},[44,149951,75],{"class":62},[44,149953,17534],{"class":66},[44,149955,63],{"class":62},[44,149957,83],{"class":58},[44,149959,75],{"class":62},[44,149961,13206],{"class":66},[44,149963,63],{"class":62},[44,149965,162],{"class":58},[44,149967,149968,149970,149972,149974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,149969,154],{"class":153},[44,149971,157],{"class":58},[44,149973,17581],{"class":111},[44,149975,162],{"class":58},[1960,149977,149979],{"id":149978},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149981,149983],{"className":37,"code":149982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149984,149985,150009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149986,149987,149989,149991,149993,149995,149997,149999,150001,150003,150005,150007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149988,59406],{"class":50},[44,149990,55],{"class":54},[44,149992,857],{"class":58},[44,149994,3108],{"class":95},[44,149996,83],{"class":58},[44,149998,75],{"class":62},[44,150000,4207],{"class":66},[44,150002,63],{"class":62},[44,150004,83],{"class":58},[44,150006,4043],{"class":1400},[44,150008,162],{"class":58},[44,150010,150011,150013,150015,150017],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150012,154],{"class":153},[44,150014,157],{"class":58},[44,150016,59459],{"class":111},[44,150018,162],{"class":58},[1960,150020,150022],{"id":150021},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150024,150025],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,150027,150029],{"className":37,"code":150028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150030,150031,150072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150032,150033,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150034,150035],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,150037,55],{"class":54},[44,150039,857],{"class":58},[44,150041,3108],{"class":95},[44,150043,83],{"class":58},[44,150045,857],{"class":58},[44,150047,63],{"class":62},[44,150049,395],{"class":66},[44,150051,63],{"class":62},[44,150053,83],{"class":58},[44,150055,75],{"class":62},[44,150057,1005],{"class":66},[44,150059,63],{"class":62},[44,150061,854],{"class":58},[44,150063,3746],{"class":58},[44,150065,2448],{"class":95},[44,150067,83],{"class":58},[44,150069,96],{"class":95},[44,150071,4015],{"class":58},[44,150073,150074,150076,150078,150081],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150075,154],{"class":153},[44,150077,157],{"class":58},[44,150079,150080],{"class":111},"nested",[44,150082,162],{"class":58},[20,150084,330],{},[35,150086,150088],{"className":37,"code":150087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150089,150090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150091,150092,150094,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150093,157],{"class":58},[44,150095,3108],{"class":95},[44,150097,83],{"class":58},[44,150099,857],{"class":58},[44,150101,343],{"class":62},[44,150103,395],{"class":66},[44,150105,343],{"class":62},[44,150107,83],{"class":58},[44,150109,352],{"class":62},[44,150111,1005],{"class":66},[44,150113,343],{"class":62},[44,150115,854],{"class":58},[44,150117,3746],{"class":58},[44,150119,2448],{"class":95},[44,150121,83],{"class":58},[44,150123,96],{"class":95},[44,150125,4015],{"class":58},[30,150127,150129,150130],{"id":150128},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150131,37971],{},[20,150133,150134,150135,150137],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150136,37971],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150139,150140,150141,108],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[395,150142,63152],{"href":63151},[1960,150144,105183],{"id":105182},[35,150146,150148],{"className":37,"code":150147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150149,150150,150172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150153,3741],{"class":50},[44,150155,55],{"class":54},[44,150157,149290],{"class":1861},[44,150159,3105],{"class":58},[44,150161,3108],{"class":95},[44,150163,83],{"class":58},[44,150165,1012],{"class":95},[44,150167,83],{"class":58},[44,150169,1017],{"class":95},[44,150171,4015],{"class":58},[44,150173,150174,150176,150178,150180],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150175,154],{"class":153},[44,150177,157],{"class":58},[44,150179,3773],{"class":111},[44,150181,162],{"class":58},[20,150183,330],{},[35,150185,150186],{"className":37,"code":149503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150187,150188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150189,150190,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150191,157],{"class":58},[44,150193,3108],{"class":95},[44,150195,83],{"class":58},[44,150197,1012],{"class":95},[44,150199,83],{"class":58},[44,150201,1017],{"class":95},[44,150203,162],{"class":58},[1960,150205,105369],{"id":105368},[35,150207,150209],{"className":37,"code":150208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150210,150211,150229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150212,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225,150227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150214,36013],{"class":50},[44,150216,55],{"class":54},[44,150218,149290],{"class":1861},[44,150220,157],{"class":58},[44,150222,63],{"class":62},[44,150224,41487],{"class":66},[44,150226,63],{"class":62},[44,150228,162],{"class":58},[44,150230,150231,150233,150235,150237],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150232,154],{"class":153},[44,150234,157],{"class":58},[44,150236,36066],{"class":111},[44,150238,162],{"class":58},[20,150240,330],{},[35,150242,150244],{"className":37,"code":150243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150245,150246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150247,150248,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150249,157],{"class":58},[44,150251,343],{"class":62},[44,150253,395],{"class":66},[44,150255,343],{"class":62},[44,150257,83],{"class":58},[44,150259,352],{"class":62},[44,150261,1005],{"class":66},[44,150263,343],{"class":62},[44,150265,83],{"class":58},[44,150267,352],{"class":62},[44,150269,9855],{"class":66},[44,150271,343],{"class":62},[44,150273,162],{"class":58},[20,150275,150276],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1960,150278,150280],{"id":150279},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,150282,150284],{"className":37,"code":150283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150285,150286,150304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150287,150288,150290,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150289,3948],{"class":50},[44,150291,55],{"class":54},[44,150293,149290],{"class":1861},[44,150295,157],{"class":58},[44,150297,59932],{"class":153},[44,150299,157],{"class":58},[44,150301,2623],{"class":95},[44,150303,1869],{"class":58},[44,150305,150306,150308,150310,150312],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150307,154],{"class":153},[44,150309,157],{"class":58},[44,150311,5488],{"class":111},[44,150313,162],{"class":58},[20,150315,330],{},[35,150317,150319],{"className":37,"code":150318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150320,150321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150322,150323,150325,150327,150329,150331,150333,150335,150337,150339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150324,157],{"class":58},[44,150326,2237],{"class":95},[44,150328,83],{"class":58},[44,150330,504],{"class":95},[44,150332,83],{"class":58},[44,150334,1012],{"class":95},[44,150336,83],{"class":58},[44,150338,1017],{"class":95},[44,150340,162],{"class":58},[20,150342,150343],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150345,20873],{"id":20872},[192,150347,150348,150351,150354,150357],{},[195,150349,150350],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[195,150352,150353],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[195,150355,150356],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[195,150358,150359],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150361,150362,150363,108],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[395,150364,150366],{"href":150365},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150368,1803],{"id":1802},[20,150370,150371],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1960,150373,150375],{"id":150374},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150377,150378],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150380,150382],{"className":37,"code":150381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150383,150384,150400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150385,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150387,28606],{"class":50},[44,150389,55],{"class":54},[44,150391,857],{"class":58},[44,150393,63],{"class":62},[44,150395,4207],{"class":66},[44,150397,63],{"class":62},[44,150399,162],{"class":58},[44,150401,150402,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150403,154],{"class":153},[44,150405,157],{"class":58},[44,150407,1862],{"class":1861},[44,150409,157],{"class":58},[44,150411,23381],{"class":111},[44,150413,1869],{"class":58},[20,150415,150416],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150418,150420],{"className":37,"code":150419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150421,150422,150438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150423,150424,150426,150428,150430,150432,150434,150436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150425,28606],{"class":50},[44,150427,55],{"class":54},[44,150429,857],{"class":58},[44,150431,63],{"class":62},[44,150433,4207],{"class":66},[44,150435,63],{"class":62},[44,150437,149280],{"class":58},[44,150439,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150441,154],{"class":153},[44,150443,157],{"class":58},[44,150445,1862],{"class":1861},[44,150447,157],{"class":58},[44,150449,23381],{"class":111},[44,150451,1869],{"class":58},[1960,150453,150455],{"id":150454},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150457,150458],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150460,150462],{"className":37,"code":150461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150463,150464,150484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150465,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150467,3948],{"class":50},[44,150469,55],{"class":54},[44,150471,3746],{"class":58},[44,150473,3108],{"class":95},[44,150475,83],{"class":58},[44,150477,1012],{"class":95},[44,150479,83],{"class":58},[44,150481,1017],{"class":95},[44,150483,3759],{"class":58},[44,150485,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494,150496],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150487,154],{"class":153},[44,150489,157],{"class":58},[44,150491,1862],{"class":1861},[44,150493,157],{"class":58},[44,150495,5488],{"class":111},[44,150497,1869],{"class":58},[20,150499,150500],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150502,150504],{"className":37,"code":150503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150505,150506,150526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150507,150508,150510,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522,150524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150509,3948],{"class":50},[44,150511,55],{"class":54},[44,150513,857],{"class":58},[44,150515,3108],{"class":95},[44,150517,83],{"class":58},[44,150519,1012],{"class":95},[44,150521,83],{"class":58},[44,150523,1017],{"class":95},[44,150525,162],{"class":58},[44,150527,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150529,154],{"class":153},[44,150531,157],{"class":58},[44,150533,1862],{"class":1861},[44,150535,157],{"class":58},[44,150537,5488],{"class":111},[44,150539,1869],{"class":58},[1960,150541,150543],{"id":150542},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150545,150356],{},[35,150547,150549],{"className":37,"code":150548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150550,150551,150571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150552,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561,150563,150565,150567,150569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150554,3741],{"class":50},[44,150556,55],{"class":54},[44,150558,857],{"class":58},[44,150560,3108],{"class":95},[44,150562,83],{"class":58},[44,150564,1012],{"class":95},[44,150566,83],{"class":58},[44,150568,1017],{"class":95},[44,150570,162],{"class":58},[44,150572,150573],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150574,150575],{"class":168},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150577,150578],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1960,150580,37128,150582,150585],{"id":150581},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150583,150584],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150587,64578],{},[35,150589,150590],{"className":37,"code":150208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150591,150592,150610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150593,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150595,36013],{"class":50},[44,150597,55],{"class":54},[44,150599,149290],{"class":1861},[44,150601,157],{"class":58},[44,150603,63],{"class":62},[44,150605,41487],{"class":66},[44,150607,63],{"class":62},[44,150609,162],{"class":58},[44,150611,150612,150614,150616,150618],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150613,154],{"class":153},[44,150615,157],{"class":58},[44,150617,36066],{"class":111},[44,150619,162],{"class":58},[20,150621,150622],{},"gives:",[35,150624,150625],{"className":37,"code":150243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150626,150627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150628,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150630,157],{"class":58},[44,150632,343],{"class":62},[44,150634,395],{"class":66},[44,150636,343],{"class":62},[44,150638,83],{"class":58},[44,150640,352],{"class":62},[44,150642,1005],{"class":66},[44,150644,343],{"class":62},[44,150646,83],{"class":58},[44,150648,352],{"class":62},[44,150650,9855],{"class":66},[44,150652,343],{"class":62},[44,150654,162],{"class":58},[20,150656,150657],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150659,150661],{"className":37,"code":150660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150662,150663,150679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150664,150665,150667,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150666,6283],{"class":50},[44,150668,55],{"class":54},[44,150670,857],{"class":58},[44,150672,63],{"class":62},[44,150674,41487],{"class":66},[44,150676,63],{"class":62},[44,150678,149280],{"class":58},[44,150680,150681,150683,150685,150687],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150682,154],{"class":153},[44,150684,157],{"class":58},[44,150686,38316],{"class":111},[44,150688,162],{"class":58},[20,150690,330],{},[35,150692,150694],{"className":37,"code":150693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150695,150696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150697,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150699,157],{"class":58},[44,150701,343],{"class":62},[44,150703,41487],{"class":66},[44,150705,343],{"class":62},[44,150707,149280],{"class":58},[1960,150709,150711],{"id":150710},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150713,150714],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150716,150718],{"className":37,"code":150717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150719,150720,150737,150741,150751,150765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150721,150722,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150723,150724],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150726,55],{"class":54},[44,150728,857],{"class":58},[44,150730,63],{"class":62},[44,150732,4207],{"class":66},[44,150734,63],{"class":62},[44,150736,149280],{"class":58},[44,150738,150739],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150740,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,150742,150743,150745,150747,150749],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,150744,154],{"class":153},[44,150746,157],{"class":58},[44,150748,147942],{"class":111},[44,150750,162],{"class":58},[44,150752,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761,150763],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,150754,154],{"class":153},[44,150756,157],{"class":58},[44,150758,1862],{"class":1861},[44,150760,157],{"class":58},[44,150762,147942],{"class":111},[44,150764,1869],{"class":58},[44,150766,150767,150769,150771,150773,150775,150777],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,150768,154],{"class":153},[44,150770,157],{"class":58},[44,150772,11271],{"class":153},[44,150774,157],{"class":58},[44,150776,147942],{"class":111},[44,150778,1869],{"class":58},[30,150780,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,150782,150784],{"id":150783},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150786,150787,150788,150791],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150789,150790],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1960,150793,150795],{"id":150794},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150797,150798],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1960,150800,150802],{"id":150801},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150804,150805],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1960,150807,150809],{"id":150808},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150811,150812],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1960,150814,5273,150816,12814],{"id":150815},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150817,150584],{},[20,150819,214,150820,150823],{},[15,150821,150822],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150825,2020],{"id":2019},[192,150827,150828,150832,150836,150842,150847,150852,150856],{},[195,150829,150830],{},[395,150831,147924],{"href":147923},[195,150833,150834],{},[395,150835,149597],{"href":149596},[195,150837,150838],{},[395,150839,150841],{"href":150840},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[195,150843,150844],{},[395,150845,150846],{"href":149162},"Python tuple length with len()",[195,150848,150849],{},[395,150850,150851],{"href":149227},"What is a tuple in Python?",[195,150853,150854],{},[395,150855,63152],{"href":63151},[195,150857,150858],{},[395,150859,150860],{"href":150365},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2048,150862,150863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":150865},[150866,150867,150868,150869,150870,150871,150877,150883,150884,150892,150900],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":149456,"depth":102,"text":149457},{"id":149600,"depth":102,"text":149601},{"id":149693,"depth":102,"text":149694},{"id":149886,"depth":102,"text":149887,"children":150872},[150873,150874,150875,150876],{"id":3773,"depth":150,"text":56394},{"id":5438,"depth":150,"text":56397},{"id":149978,"depth":150,"text":149979},{"id":150021,"depth":150,"text":150022},{"id":150128,"depth":102,"text":150878,"children":150879},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150880,150881,150882],{"id":105182,"depth":150,"text":105183},{"id":105368,"depth":150,"text":105369},{"id":150279,"depth":150,"text":150280},{"id":20872,"depth":102,"text":20873},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":150885},[150886,150887,150888,150889,150891],{"id":150374,"depth":150,"text":150375},{"id":150454,"depth":150,"text":150455},{"id":150542,"depth":150,"text":150543},{"id":150581,"depth":150,"text":150890},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150710,"depth":150,"text":150711},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":150893},[150894,150895,150896,150897,150898],{"id":150783,"depth":150,"text":150784},{"id":150794,"depth":150,"text":150795},{"id":150801,"depth":150,"text":150802},{"id":150808,"depth":150,"text":150809},{"id":150815,"depth":150,"text":150899},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149213,"description":150901},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150908,"title":150909,"body":150910,"description":152455,"extension":2080,"meta":152456,"navigation":682,"path":152457,"seo":152458,"stem":152459,"__hash__":152460},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150911,"toc":152425},[150912,150915,150920,150922,150935,150941,150943,151010,151012,151047,151052,151056,151060,151062,151073,151081,151083,151085,151106,151108,151128,151131,151133,151138,151181,151183,151205,151208,151221,151225,151229,151232,151285,151287,151308,151313,151317,151320,151365,151367,151400,151412,151416,151424,151461,151463,151492,151496,151499,151552,151554,151574,151581,151585,151590,151659,151661,151686,151690,151693,151699,151776,151778,151837,151839,151851,151856,151860,151864,151878,151880,151915,151917,151934,151937,151950,151954,151958,151969,151974,151989,151992,151995,151997,152000,152004,152006,152020,152022,152046,152051,152055,152058,152077,152080,152129,152134,152151,152154,152187,152191,152193,152244,152247,152272,152275,152298,152302,152308,152310,152345,152348,152353,152355,152359,152362,152366,152371,152375,152378,152382,152385,152389,152394,152396,152422],[10,150913,150909],{"id":150914},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150916,9253,150917,150919],{},[15,150918,37971],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150921,82524],{},[192,150923,150924,150929],{},[195,150925,150926,150928],{},[15,150927,37971],{}," creates an empty tuple",[195,150930,150931,150934],{},[15,150932,150933],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150936,150937,150938,150940],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150939,37971],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150942,33],{"id":32},[35,150944,150946],{"className":37,"code":150945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150947,150948,150968,150982,150986,150996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150949,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150951,3741],{"class":50},[44,150953,55],{"class":54},[44,150955,3746],{"class":58},[44,150957,3108],{"class":95},[44,150959,83],{"class":58},[44,150961,1012],{"class":95},[44,150963,83],{"class":58},[44,150965,1017],{"class":95},[44,150967,3759],{"class":58},[44,150969,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978,150980],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,150971,1340],{"class":50},[44,150973,55],{"class":54},[44,150975,149290],{"class":1861},[44,150977,157],{"class":58},[44,150979,3773],{"class":111},[44,150981,162],{"class":58},[44,150983,150984],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,150985,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,150987,150988,150990,150992,150994],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,150989,154],{"class":153},[44,150991,157],{"class":58},[44,150993,1376],{"class":111},[44,150995,162],{"class":58},[44,150997,150998,151000,151002,151004,151006,151008],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,150999,154],{"class":153},[44,151001,157],{"class":58},[44,151003,1862],{"class":1861},[44,151005,157],{"class":58},[44,151007,1376],{"class":111},[44,151009,1869],{"class":58},[20,151011,330],{},[35,151013,151015],{"className":37,"code":151014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151016,151017,151033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151018,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151020,157],{"class":58},[44,151022,3108],{"class":95},[44,151024,83],{"class":58},[44,151026,1012],{"class":95},[44,151028,83],{"class":58},[44,151030,1017],{"class":95},[44,151032,162],{"class":58},[44,151034,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151036,3411],{"class":54},[44,151038,3414],{"class":2182},[44,151040,352],{"class":62},[44,151042,48883],{"class":66},[44,151044,343],{"class":62},[44,151046,3423],{"class":54},[20,151048,172,151049,151051],{},[15,151050,150933],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,151053,151055],{"id":151054},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151057,151058,62860],{},[15,151059,37971],{},[20,151061,48857],{},[192,151063,151064,151067,151070],{},[195,151065,151066],{},"creates a tuple object",[195,151068,151069],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[195,151071,151072],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151074,151075,151076,151078,151079,108],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[395,151077,149228],{"href":149227}," or the full guide to ",[395,151080,147924],{"href":147923},[30,151082,402],{"id":401},[20,151084,26555],{},[35,151086,151088],{"className":37,"code":151087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151089,151090,151096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151091,151092,151094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151093,48883],{"class":1861},[44,151095,1635],{"class":58},[44,151097,151098,151100,151102,151104],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151099,48883],{"class":1861},[44,151101,157],{"class":58},[44,151103,3845],{"class":111},[44,151105,162],{"class":58},[20,151107,11564],{},[192,151109,151110,151113],{},[195,151111,151112],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[195,151114,151115,151116],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[192,151117,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126],{},[195,151119,5429],{},[195,151121,5438],{},[195,151123,62931],{},[195,151125,5435],{},[195,151127,7382],{},[20,151129,151130],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,151132,149601],{"id":149600},[20,151134,29716,151135,151137],{},[15,151136,37971],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,151139,151141],{"className":37,"code":151140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151142,151143,151153,151157,151167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151144,151145,151147,151149,151151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151146,124788],{"class":50},[44,151148,55],{"class":54},[44,151150,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151152,1635],{"class":58},[44,151154,151155],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151156,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151158,151159,151161,151163,151165],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151160,154],{"class":153},[44,151162,157],{"class":58},[44,151164,124839],{"class":111},[44,151166,162],{"class":58},[44,151168,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,151170,154],{"class":153},[44,151172,157],{"class":58},[44,151174,1862],{"class":1861},[44,151176,157],{"class":58},[44,151178,124839],{"class":111},[44,151180,1869],{"class":58},[20,151182,330],{},[35,151184,151185],{"className":37,"code":149646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151186,151187,151191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151188,151189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151190,1635],{"class":58},[44,151192,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201,151203],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151194,3411],{"class":54},[44,151196,3414],{"class":2182},[44,151198,352],{"class":62},[44,151200,48883],{"class":66},[44,151202,343],{"class":62},[44,151204,3423],{"class":54},[20,151206,151207],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,151209,151211],{"className":37,"code":151210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,151212,151213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151214,151215,151217,151219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151216,124788],{"class":50},[44,151218,55],{"class":54},[44,151220,149266],{"class":58},[30,151222,151224],{"id":151223},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1960,151226,151228],{"id":151227},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151230,151231],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,151233,151235],{"className":37,"code":151234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151236,151237,151257,151271,151275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151238,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151240,3741],{"class":50},[44,151242,55],{"class":54},[44,151244,3746],{"class":58},[44,151246,2448],{"class":95},[44,151248,83],{"class":58},[44,151250,96],{"class":95},[44,151252,83],{"class":58},[44,151254,7925],{"class":95},[44,151256,3759],{"class":58},[44,151258,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151260,1340],{"class":50},[44,151262,55],{"class":54},[44,151264,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151266,157],{"class":58},[44,151268,3773],{"class":111},[44,151270,162],{"class":58},[44,151272,151273],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151274,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151276,151277,151279,151281,151283],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,151278,154],{"class":153},[44,151280,157],{"class":58},[44,151282,1376],{"class":111},[44,151284,162],{"class":58},[20,151286,330],{},[35,151288,151290],{"className":37,"code":151289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151291,151292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151293,151294,151296,151298,151300,151302,151304,151306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151295,157],{"class":58},[44,151297,2448],{"class":95},[44,151299,83],{"class":58},[44,151301,96],{"class":95},[44,151303,83],{"class":58},[44,151305,7925],{"class":95},[44,151307,162],{"class":58},[20,151309,151310,151311,108],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[395,151312,104988],{"href":59989},[1960,151314,151316],{"id":151315},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151318,151319],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,151321,151323],{"className":37,"code":151322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151324,151325,151337,151351,151355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151326,151327,151329,151331,151333,151335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151328,34608],{"class":50},[44,151330,55],{"class":54},[44,151332,75],{"class":62},[44,151334,36971],{"class":66},[44,151336,3479],{"class":62},[44,151338,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151340,1340],{"class":50},[44,151342,55],{"class":54},[44,151344,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151346,157],{"class":58},[44,151348,34629],{"class":111},[44,151350,162],{"class":58},[44,151352,151353],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151354,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151356,151357,151359,151361,151363],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,151358,154],{"class":153},[44,151360,157],{"class":58},[44,151362,1376],{"class":111},[44,151364,162],{"class":58},[20,151366,330],{},[35,151368,151370],{"className":37,"code":151369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151371,151372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151373,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151375,157],{"class":58},[44,151377,343],{"class":62},[44,151379,9855],{"class":66},[44,151381,343],{"class":62},[44,151383,83],{"class":58},[44,151385,352],{"class":62},[44,151387,395],{"class":66},[44,151389,343],{"class":62},[44,151391,83],{"class":58},[44,151393,352],{"class":62},[44,151395,63221],{"class":66},[44,151397,343],{"class":62},[44,151399,162],{"class":58},[20,151401,151402,151403,14140,151406,151408,151409,108],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151404,151405],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3868,151407,4762],{}," create ",[15,151410,151411],{},"('cat',)",[1960,151413,151415],{"id":151414},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151417,151418,151420,151421,151423],{},[15,151419,36121],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151422,37971],{}," collects them all.",[35,151425,151427],{"className":37,"code":151426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151428,151429,151447,151451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151430,151431,151433,151435,151437,151439,151441,151443,151445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151432,1340],{"class":50},[44,151434,55],{"class":54},[44,151436,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151438,157],{"class":58},[44,151440,59932],{"class":153},[44,151442,157],{"class":58},[44,151444,2254],{"class":95},[44,151446,1869],{"class":58},[44,151448,151449],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151450,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151452,151453,151455,151457,151459],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151454,154],{"class":153},[44,151456,157],{"class":58},[44,151458,1376],{"class":111},[44,151460,162],{"class":58},[20,151462,330],{},[35,151464,151466],{"className":37,"code":151465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151467,151468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151469,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482,151484,151486,151488,151490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151471,157],{"class":58},[44,151473,2237],{"class":95},[44,151475,83],{"class":58},[44,151477,504],{"class":95},[44,151479,83],{"class":58},[44,151481,1012],{"class":95},[44,151483,83],{"class":58},[44,151485,1017],{"class":95},[44,151487,83],{"class":58},[44,151489,2574],{"class":95},[44,151491,162],{"class":58},[1960,151493,151495],{"id":151494},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151497,151498],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151500,151502],{"className":37,"code":151501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151503,151504,151524,151538,151542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151505,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518,151520,151522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151507,3948],{"class":50},[44,151509,55],{"class":54},[44,151511,59],{"class":58},[44,151513,3108],{"class":95},[44,151515,83],{"class":58},[44,151517,1012],{"class":95},[44,151519,83],{"class":58},[44,151521,1017],{"class":95},[44,151523,99],{"class":58},[44,151525,151526,151528,151530,151532,151534,151536],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151527,1340],{"class":50},[44,151529,55],{"class":54},[44,151531,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151533,157],{"class":58},[44,151535,5488],{"class":111},[44,151537,162],{"class":58},[44,151539,151540],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151541,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151543,151544,151546,151548,151550],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,151545,154],{"class":153},[44,151547,157],{"class":58},[44,151549,1376],{"class":111},[44,151551,162],{"class":58},[20,151553,330],{},[35,151555,151556],{"className":37,"code":149503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151557,151558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151559,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151561,157],{"class":58},[44,151563,3108],{"class":95},[44,151565,83],{"class":58},[44,151567,1012],{"class":95},[44,151569,83],{"class":58},[44,151571,1017],{"class":95},[44,151573,162],{"class":58},[20,151575,151576,151577,108],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[395,151578,151580],{"href":151579},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1960,151582,151584],{"id":151583},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151586,63474,151587,151589],{},[15,151588,37971],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151591,151593],{"className":37,"code":151592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151594,151595,151631,151645,151649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151598,51],{"class":50},[44,151600,55],{"class":54},[44,151602,59],{"class":58},[44,151604,63],{"class":62},[44,151606,67],{"class":66},[44,151608,63],{"class":62},[44,151610,72],{"class":58},[44,151612,75],{"class":62},[44,151614,78],{"class":66},[44,151616,63],{"class":62},[44,151618,83],{"class":58},[44,151620,75],{"class":62},[44,151622,88],{"class":66},[44,151624,63],{"class":62},[44,151626,72],{"class":58},[44,151628,1164],{"class":95},[44,151630,99],{"class":58},[44,151632,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151634,1340],{"class":50},[44,151636,55],{"class":54},[44,151638,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151640,157],{"class":58},[44,151642,105],{"class":111},[44,151644,162],{"class":58},[44,151646,151647],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151648,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151650,151651,151653,151655,151657],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,151652,154],{"class":153},[44,151654,157],{"class":58},[44,151656,1376],{"class":111},[44,151658,162],{"class":58},[20,151660,30096],{},[35,151662,151664],{"className":37,"code":151663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151665,151666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151667,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151669,157],{"class":58},[44,151671,343],{"class":62},[44,151673,67],{"class":66},[44,151675,343],{"class":62},[44,151677,83],{"class":58},[44,151679,352],{"class":62},[44,151681,88],{"class":66},[44,151683,343],{"class":62},[44,151685,162],{"class":58},[30,151687,151689],{"id":151688},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151691,151692],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151694,151695,151698],{},[15,151696,151697],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151700,151702],{"className":37,"code":151701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151703,151704,151740,151744,151758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151705,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151707,51],{"class":50},[44,151709,55],{"class":54},[44,151711,59],{"class":58},[44,151713,63],{"class":62},[44,151715,67],{"class":66},[44,151717,63],{"class":62},[44,151719,72],{"class":58},[44,151721,75],{"class":62},[44,151723,78],{"class":66},[44,151725,63],{"class":62},[44,151727,83],{"class":58},[44,151729,75],{"class":62},[44,151731,88],{"class":66},[44,151733,63],{"class":62},[44,151735,72],{"class":58},[44,151737,1164],{"class":95},[44,151739,99],{"class":58},[44,151741,151742],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151743,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,151745,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,151747,154],{"class":153},[44,151749,157],{"class":58},[44,151751,48883],{"class":1861},[44,151753,157],{"class":58},[44,151755,105],{"class":111},[44,151757,1869],{"class":58},[44,151759,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,151761,154],{"class":153},[44,151763,157],{"class":58},[44,151765,48883],{"class":1861},[44,151767,157],{"class":58},[44,151769,105],{"class":111},[44,151771,108],{"class":58},[44,151773,7940],{"class":111},[44,151775,6419],{"class":58},[20,151777,330],{},[35,151779,151781],{"className":37,"code":151780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151782,151783,151803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151784,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797,151799,151801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151786,157],{"class":58},[44,151788,343],{"class":62},[44,151790,67],{"class":66},[44,151792,343],{"class":62},[44,151794,83],{"class":58},[44,151796,352],{"class":62},[44,151798,88],{"class":66},[44,151800,343],{"class":62},[44,151802,162],{"class":58},[44,151804,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831,151833,151835],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151806,5640],{"class":58},[44,151808,343],{"class":62},[44,151810,67],{"class":66},[44,151812,343],{"class":62},[44,151814,83],{"class":58},[44,151816,352],{"class":62},[44,151818,78],{"class":66},[44,151820,343],{"class":62},[44,151822,854],{"class":58},[44,151824,857],{"class":58},[44,151826,343],{"class":62},[44,151828,88],{"class":66},[44,151830,343],{"class":62},[44,151832,83],{"class":58},[44,151834,1164],{"class":95},[44,151836,1869],{"class":58},[20,151838,18771],{},[192,151840,151841,151846],{},[195,151842,151843,151845],{},[15,151844,151697],{}," for keys",[195,151847,151848,32476],{},[15,151849,151850],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151852,151853,151854,108],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[395,151855,63484],{"href":63483},[30,151857,151859],{"id":151858},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151861,151862,18397],{},[15,151863,37971],{},[192,151865,151866,151869,151872,151875],{},[195,151867,151868],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[195,151870,151871],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[195,151873,151874],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[195,151876,151877],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151879,223],{},[35,151881,151883],{"className":37,"code":151882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151884,151885,151904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151886,151887,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151888,151889],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151891,55],{"class":54},[44,151893,149290],{"class":1861},[44,151895,3105],{"class":58},[44,151897,2623],{"class":95},[44,151899,83],{"class":58},[44,151901,6123],{"class":95},[44,151903,4015],{"class":58},[44,151905,151906,151908,151910,151913],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,151907,154],{"class":153},[44,151909,157],{"class":58},[44,151911,151912],{"class":111},"coordinates",[44,151914,162],{"class":58},[20,151916,330],{},[35,151918,151920],{"className":37,"code":151919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151921,151922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151923,151924,151926,151928,151930,151932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151925,157],{"class":58},[44,151927,2623],{"class":95},[44,151929,83],{"class":58},[44,151931,6123],{"class":95},[44,151933,162],{"class":58},[20,151935,151936],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[192,151938,151939,151941,151944,151947],{},[195,151940,151912],{},[195,151942,151943],{},"RGB colors",[195,151945,151946],{},"dates",[195,151948,151949],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151951,151953],{"id":151952},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151955,44357,151956,1558],{},[15,151957,37971],{},[192,151959,151960,151963,151966],{},[195,151961,151962],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[195,151964,151965],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[195,151967,151968],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151970,116415,151971,151973],{},[3868,151972,4762],{}," work:",[35,151975,151977],{"className":37,"code":151976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151978,151979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151980,151981,151983,151985,151987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151982,48883],{"class":1861},[44,151984,157],{"class":58},[44,151986,2254],{"class":95},[44,151988,162],{"class":58},[20,151990,151991],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151993,151994],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151996,115253],{"id":115252},[20,151998,151999],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1960,152001,152003],{"id":152002},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152005,2955],{},[35,152007,152008],{"className":37,"code":151976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152009,152010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152011,152012,152014,152016,152018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152013,48883],{"class":1861},[44,152015,157],{"class":58},[44,152017,2254],{"class":95},[44,152019,162],{"class":58},[20,152021,29747],{},[35,152023,152024],{"className":37,"code":63588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152025,152026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152027,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038,152040,152042,152044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152029,3125],{"class":1861},[44,152031,72],{"class":58},[44,152033,352],{"class":62},[44,152035,2306],{"class":66},[44,152037,343],{"class":62},[44,152039,24688],{"class":1861},[44,152041,8227],{"class":54},[44,152043,8230],{"class":54},[44,152045,63611],{"class":50},[20,152047,152048,152049,108],{},"If you see this, read ",[395,152050,62225],{"href":52531},[1960,152052,152054],{"id":152053},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152056,152057],{},"This code:",[35,152059,152061],{"className":37,"code":152060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152062,152063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152064,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073,152075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152066,48883],{"class":1861},[44,152068,157],{"class":58},[44,152070,63],{"class":62},[44,152072,3971],{"class":66},[44,152074,63],{"class":62},[44,152076,162],{"class":58},[20,152078,152079],{},"returns:",[35,152081,152083],{"className":37,"code":152082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152084,152085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152086,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095,152097,152099,152101,152103,152105,152107,152109,152111,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152088,157],{"class":58},[44,152090,343],{"class":62},[44,152092,60372],{"class":66},[44,152094,343],{"class":62},[44,152096,83],{"class":58},[44,152098,352],{"class":62},[44,152100,60381],{"class":66},[44,152102,343],{"class":62},[44,152104,83],{"class":58},[44,152106,352],{"class":62},[44,152108,60390],{"class":66},[44,152110,343],{"class":62},[44,152112,83],{"class":58},[44,152114,352],{"class":62},[44,152116,60390],{"class":66},[44,152118,343],{"class":62},[44,152120,83],{"class":58},[44,152122,352],{"class":62},[44,152124,60407],{"class":66},[44,152126,343],{"class":62},[44,152128,162],{"class":58},[20,152130,40832,152131,152133],{},[3868,152132,4762],{}," return:",[35,152135,152137],{"className":37,"code":152136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,152138,152139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152140,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152142,157],{"class":58},[44,152144,343],{"class":62},[44,152146,3971],{"class":66},[44,152148,343],{"class":62},[44,152150,149280],{"class":58},[20,152152,152153],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,152155,152157],{"className":37,"code":152156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152158,152159,152176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152160,152161,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152162,152163],{"class":50},"single ",[44,152165,55],{"class":54},[44,152167,857],{"class":58},[44,152169,63],{"class":62},[44,152171,3971],{"class":66},[44,152173,63],{"class":62},[44,152175,149280],{"class":58},[44,152177,152178,152180,152182,152185],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152179,154],{"class":153},[44,152181,157],{"class":58},[44,152183,152184],{"class":111},"single",[44,152186,162],{"class":58},[1960,152188,152190],{"id":152189},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152192,152057],{},[35,152194,152196],{"className":37,"code":152195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152197,152198,152230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152199,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226,152228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152201,489],{"class":50},[44,152203,55],{"class":54},[44,152205,59],{"class":58},[44,152207,63],{"class":62},[44,152209,395],{"class":66},[44,152211,63],{"class":62},[44,152213,72],{"class":58},[44,152215,504],{"class":95},[44,152217,83],{"class":58},[44,152219,75],{"class":62},[44,152221,1005],{"class":66},[44,152223,63],{"class":62},[44,152225,72],{"class":58},[44,152227,1012],{"class":95},[44,152229,99],{"class":58},[44,152231,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152233,154],{"class":153},[44,152235,157],{"class":58},[44,152237,48883],{"class":1861},[44,152239,157],{"class":58},[44,152241,511],{"class":111},[44,152243,1869],{"class":58},[20,152245,152246],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,152248,152250],{"className":37,"code":152249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152251,152252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152253,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152255,157],{"class":58},[44,152257,343],{"class":62},[44,152259,395],{"class":66},[44,152261,343],{"class":62},[44,152263,83],{"class":58},[44,152265,352],{"class":62},[44,152267,1005],{"class":66},[44,152269,343],{"class":62},[44,152271,162],{"class":58},[20,152273,152274],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,152276,152278],{"className":37,"code":152277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152279,152280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152281,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152283,154],{"class":153},[44,152285,157],{"class":58},[44,152287,48883],{"class":1861},[44,152289,157],{"class":58},[44,152291,511],{"class":111},[44,152293,108],{"class":58},[44,152295,7940],{"class":111},[44,152297,6419],{"class":58},[1960,152299,152301],{"id":152300},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152303,152304,152305,152307],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152306,37971],{}," conversion.",[20,152309,5602],{},[35,152311,152313],{"className":37,"code":152312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152314,152315,152335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152316,152317,152319,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152318,2564],{"class":50},[44,152320,55],{"class":54},[44,152322,857],{"class":58},[44,152324,3108],{"class":95},[44,152326,83],{"class":58},[44,152328,1012],{"class":95},[44,152330,83],{"class":58},[44,152332,1017],{"class":95},[44,152334,162],{"class":58},[44,152336,152337,152339,152341,152343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152338,154],{"class":153},[44,152340,157],{"class":58},[44,152342,2590],{"class":111},[44,152344,162],{"class":58},[20,152346,152347],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152349,25574,152350,152352],{},[15,152351,37971],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152354,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,152356,152358],{"id":152357},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152360,152361],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1960,152363,152365],{"id":152364},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152367,152368,152369,108],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152370,7497],{},[1960,152372,152374],{"id":152373},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152376,152377],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1960,152379,152381],{"id":152380},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152383,152384],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1960,152386,152388],{"id":152387},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152390,152391,152392,108],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152393,3125],{},[30,152395,2020],{"id":2019},[192,152397,152398,152402,152406,152410,152414,152418],{},[195,152399,152400],{},[395,152401,147924],{"href":147923},[195,152403,152404],{},[395,152405,150851],{"href":149227},[195,152407,152408],{},[395,152409,104988],{"href":59989},[195,152411,152412],{},[395,152413,151580],{"href":151579},[195,152415,152416],{},[395,152417,63484],{"href":63483},[195,152419,152420],{},[395,152421,62225],{"href":52531},[2048,152423,152424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":152426},[152427,152428,152429,152430,152431,152438,152439,152440,152441,152447,152454],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":151054,"depth":102,"text":151055},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":149600,"depth":102,"text":149601},{"id":151223,"depth":102,"text":151224,"children":152432},[152433,152434,152435,152436,152437],{"id":151227,"depth":150,"text":151228},{"id":151315,"depth":150,"text":151316},{"id":151414,"depth":150,"text":151415},{"id":151494,"depth":150,"text":151495},{"id":151583,"depth":150,"text":151584},{"id":151688,"depth":102,"text":151689},{"id":151858,"depth":102,"text":151859},{"id":151952,"depth":102,"text":151953},{"id":115252,"depth":102,"text":115253,"children":152442},[152443,152444,152445,152446],{"id":152002,"depth":150,"text":152003},{"id":152053,"depth":150,"text":152054},{"id":152189,"depth":150,"text":152190},{"id":152300,"depth":150,"text":152301},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":152448},[152449,152450,152451,152452,152453],{"id":152357,"depth":150,"text":152358},{"id":152364,"depth":150,"text":152365},{"id":152373,"depth":150,"text":152374},{"id":152380,"depth":150,"text":152381},{"id":152387,"depth":150,"text":152388},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150909,"description":152455},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152462,"title":152463,"body":152464,"description":153877,"extension":2080,"meta":153878,"navigation":682,"path":153879,"seo":153880,"stem":153881,"__hash__":153882},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152465,"toc":153849},[152466,152471,152476,152479,152481,152560,152566,152571,152575,152590,152592,152639,152641,152649,152657,152663,152665,152670,152690,152693,152720,152722,152746,152748,152890,152892,152896,152904,152907,152909,152986,152988,152996,153000,153004,153014,153024,153026,153031,153033,153092,153097,153099,153199,153201,153215,153220,153226,153233,153236,153238,153348,153352,153369,153371,153434,153436,153444,153456,153460,153465,153493,153496,153578,153580,153591,153593,153597,153624,153626,153628,153708,153716,153718,153773,153775,153780,153783,153787,153791,153793,153797,153801,153809,153816,153819,153821,153846],[10,152467,147808,152469,18],{"id":152468},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152470,58901],{},[20,152472,152473,152475],{},[15,152474,149129],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152477,152478],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152480,33],{"id":32},[35,152482,152484],{"className":37,"code":152483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152485,152486,152526,152548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152487,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152489,13172],{"class":50},[44,152491,55],{"class":54},[44,152493,857],{"class":58},[44,152495,63],{"class":62},[44,152497,13189],{"class":66},[44,152499,63],{"class":62},[44,152501,83],{"class":58},[44,152503,75],{"class":62},[44,152505,13206],{"class":66},[44,152507,63],{"class":62},[44,152509,83],{"class":58},[44,152511,75],{"class":62},[44,152513,17534],{"class":66},[44,152515,63],{"class":62},[44,152517,83],{"class":58},[44,152519,75],{"class":62},[44,152521,13206],{"class":66},[44,152523,63],{"class":62},[44,152525,162],{"class":58},[44,152527,152528,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152529,64854],{"class":50},[44,152531,55],{"class":54},[44,152533,13220],{"class":50},[44,152535,108],{"class":58},[44,152537,35768],{"class":111},[44,152539,157],{"class":58},[44,152541,63],{"class":62},[44,152543,13206],{"class":66},[44,152545,63],{"class":62},[44,152547,162],{"class":58},[44,152549,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,152551,154],{"class":153},[44,152553,157],{"class":58},[44,152555,64881],{"class":111},[44,152557,3786],{"class":58},[44,152559,27848],{"class":168},[20,152561,152562,152565],{},[15,152563,152564],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,152567,179,152569,182],{"id":152568},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152570,149129],{},[20,152572,22,152573,11519],{},[15,152574,58901],{},[192,152576,152577,152580,152582,152585],{},[195,152578,152579],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[195,152581,128406],{},[195,152583,152584],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[195,152586,152587,152588],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152589,2237],{},[20,152591,223],{},[35,152593,152595],{"className":37,"code":152594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152596,152597,152621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152598,152599,152601,152603,152605,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152600,3741],{"class":50},[44,152602,55],{"class":54},[44,152604,857],{"class":58},[44,152606,2448],{"class":95},[44,152608,83],{"class":58},[44,152610,96],{"class":95},[44,152612,83],{"class":58},[44,152614,7925],{"class":95},[44,152616,83],{"class":58},[44,152618,96],{"class":95},[44,152620,162],{"class":58},[44,152622,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631,152633,152635,152637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152624,154],{"class":153},[44,152626,157],{"class":58},[44,152628,3773],{"class":111},[44,152630,108],{"class":58},[44,152632,35768],{"class":111},[44,152634,157],{"class":58},[44,152636,15839],{"class":95},[44,152638,1869],{"class":58},[20,152640,330],{},[35,152642,152643],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152644,152645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152646,152647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152648,46846],{"class":95},[20,152650,21049,152651,152653,152654,152656],{},[15,152652,15839],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152655,58901],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152658,151075,152659,108],{},[395,152660,152662],{"href":152661},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,152664,402],{"id":401},[20,152666,7893,152667,152669],{},[15,152668,58901],{}," in two ways:",[35,152671,152673],{"className":37,"code":152672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152674,152675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152676,152677,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152678,152679],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,152681,108],{"class":58},[44,152683,35768],{"class":111},[44,152685,157],{"class":58},[44,152687,2590],{"class":111},[44,152689,162],{"class":58},[20,152691,152692],{},"or:",[35,152694,152696],{"className":37,"code":152695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152697,152698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152699,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708,152710,152712,152714,152716,152718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152701,152679],{"class":50},[44,152703,108],{"class":58},[44,152705,35768],{"class":111},[44,152707,157],{"class":58},[44,152709,2590],{"class":111},[44,152711,83],{"class":58},[44,152713,35974],{"class":111},[44,152715,83],{"class":58},[44,152717,64975],{"class":111},[44,152719,162],{"class":58},[1960,152721,17475],{"id":17474},[192,152723,152724,152729,152734,152739],{},[195,152725,152726,152728],{},[15,152727,2590],{}," — the item to search for",[195,152730,152731,152733],{},[15,152732,35995],{}," — optional starting position",[195,152735,152736,152738],{},[15,152737,52592],{}," — optional ending position",[195,152740,152741,4915,152743,152745],{},[15,152742,52592],{},[3868,152744,65004],{}," in the search",[20,152747,223],{},[35,152749,152751],{"className":37,"code":152750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152752,152753,152801,152805,152830,152858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152754,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152756,36013],{"class":50},[44,152758,55],{"class":54},[44,152760,857],{"class":58},[44,152762,63],{"class":62},[44,152764,395],{"class":66},[44,152766,63],{"class":62},[44,152768,83],{"class":58},[44,152770,75],{"class":62},[44,152772,1005],{"class":66},[44,152774,63],{"class":62},[44,152776,83],{"class":58},[44,152778,75],{"class":62},[44,152780,9855],{"class":66},[44,152782,63],{"class":62},[44,152784,83],{"class":58},[44,152786,75],{"class":62},[44,152788,1005],{"class":66},[44,152790,63],{"class":62},[44,152792,83],{"class":58},[44,152794,75],{"class":62},[44,152796,18844],{"class":66},[44,152798,63],{"class":62},[44,152800,162],{"class":58},[44,152802,152803],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152804,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,152806,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,152808,154],{"class":153},[44,152810,157],{"class":58},[44,152812,36066],{"class":111},[44,152814,108],{"class":58},[44,152816,35768],{"class":111},[44,152818,157],{"class":58},[44,152820,63],{"class":62},[44,152822,1005],{"class":66},[44,152824,63],{"class":62},[44,152826,5491],{"class":58},[44,152828,152829],{"class":168},"        # 1\n",[44,152831,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,152833,154],{"class":153},[44,152835,157],{"class":58},[44,152837,36066],{"class":111},[44,152839,108],{"class":58},[44,152841,35768],{"class":111},[44,152843,157],{"class":58},[44,152845,63],{"class":62},[44,152847,1005],{"class":66},[44,152849,63],{"class":62},[44,152851,83],{"class":58},[44,152853,1012],{"class":95},[44,152855,5491],{"class":58},[44,152857,50849],{"class":168},[44,152859,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,152861,154],{"class":153},[44,152863,157],{"class":58},[44,152865,36066],{"class":111},[44,152867,108],{"class":58},[44,152869,35768],{"class":111},[44,152871,157],{"class":58},[44,152873,63],{"class":62},[44,152875,1005],{"class":66},[44,152877,63],{"class":62},[44,152879,83],{"class":58},[44,152881,504],{"class":95},[44,152883,83],{"class":58},[44,152885,1017],{"class":95},[44,152887,5491],{"class":58},[44,152889,27848],{"class":168},[30,152891,103315],{"id":103314},[20,152893,152894,25577],{},[15,152895,149129],{},[192,152897,152898,152901],{},[195,152899,152900],{},"An integer",[195,152902,152903],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152905,152906],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152908,223],{},[35,152910,152912],{"className":37,"code":152911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152913,152914,152954,152976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152915,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152917,108414],{"class":50},[44,152919,55],{"class":54},[44,152921,857],{"class":58},[44,152923,63],{"class":62},[44,152925,36971],{"class":66},[44,152927,63],{"class":62},[44,152929,83],{"class":58},[44,152931,75],{"class":62},[44,152933,58060],{"class":66},[44,152935,63],{"class":62},[44,152937,83],{"class":58},[44,152939,75],{"class":62},[44,152941,58077],{"class":66},[44,152943,63],{"class":62},[44,152945,83],{"class":58},[44,152947,75],{"class":62},[44,152949,58060],{"class":66},[44,152951,63],{"class":62},[44,152953,162],{"class":58},[44,152955,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964,152966,152968,152970,152972,152974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,152957,1340],{"class":50},[44,152959,55],{"class":54},[44,152961,108457],{"class":50},[44,152963,108],{"class":58},[44,152965,35768],{"class":111},[44,152967,157],{"class":58},[44,152969,63],{"class":62},[44,152971,58060],{"class":66},[44,152973,63],{"class":62},[44,152975,162],{"class":58},[44,152977,152978,152980,152982,152984],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,152979,154],{"class":153},[44,152981,157],{"class":58},[44,152983,1376],{"class":111},[44,152985,162],{"class":58},[20,152987,330],{},[35,152989,152990],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152991,152992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152993,152994],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152995,46846],{"class":95},[30,152997,152999],{"id":152998},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153001,172,153002,1558],{},[15,153003,149129],{},[192,153005,153006,153008,153011],{},[195,153007,66033],{},[195,153009,153010],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[195,153012,153013],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153015,153016,153017,153020,153021,108],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153018,153019],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[395,153022,149597],{"href":153023},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,153025,65565],{"id":65564},[20,153027,153028,153029,108],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153030,40630],{},[20,153032,223],{},[35,153034,153036],{"className":37,"code":153035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153037,153038,153070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153039,153040,153042,153044,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153041,13172],{"class":50},[44,153043,55],{"class":54},[44,153045,857],{"class":58},[44,153047,63],{"class":62},[44,153049,13189],{"class":66},[44,153051,63],{"class":62},[44,153053,83],{"class":58},[44,153055,75],{"class":62},[44,153057,13206],{"class":66},[44,153059,63],{"class":62},[44,153061,83],{"class":58},[44,153063,75],{"class":62},[44,153065,17534],{"class":66},[44,153067,63],{"class":62},[44,153069,162],{"class":58},[44,153071,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082,153084,153086,153088,153090],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153073,154],{"class":153},[44,153075,157],{"class":58},[44,153077,17581],{"class":111},[44,153079,108],{"class":58},[44,153081,35768],{"class":111},[44,153083,157],{"class":58},[44,153085,63],{"class":62},[44,153087,22594],{"class":66},[44,153089,63],{"class":62},[44,153091,1869],{"class":58},[20,153093,39579,153094,153096],{},[15,153095,109739],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153098,65640],{},[35,153100,153102],{"className":37,"code":153101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153103,153104,153136,153140,153156,153178,153184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153105,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153107,13172],{"class":50},[44,153109,55],{"class":54},[44,153111,857],{"class":58},[44,153113,63],{"class":62},[44,153115,13189],{"class":66},[44,153117,63],{"class":62},[44,153119,83],{"class":58},[44,153121,75],{"class":62},[44,153123,13206],{"class":66},[44,153125,63],{"class":62},[44,153127,83],{"class":58},[44,153129,75],{"class":62},[44,153131,17534],{"class":66},[44,153133,63],{"class":62},[44,153135,162],{"class":58},[44,153137,153138],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153139,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,153141,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153143,7128],{"class":4002},[44,153145,75],{"class":62},[44,153147,22594],{"class":66},[44,153149,63],{"class":62},[44,153151,21245],{"class":54},[44,153153,13220],{"class":50},[44,153155,6523],{"class":58},[44,153157,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,153159,8200],{"class":153},[44,153161,157],{"class":58},[44,153163,17581],{"class":111},[44,153165,108],{"class":58},[44,153167,35768],{"class":111},[44,153169,157],{"class":58},[44,153171,63],{"class":62},[44,153173,22594],{"class":66},[44,153175,63],{"class":62},[44,153177,1869],{"class":58},[44,153179,153180,153182],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,153181,27502],{"class":4002},[44,153183,6523],{"class":58},[44,153185,153186,153188,153190,153192,153195,153197],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,153187,8200],{"class":153},[44,153189,157],{"class":58},[44,153191,63],{"class":62},[44,153193,153194],{"class":66},"Value not found",[44,153196,63],{"class":62},[44,153198,162],{"class":58},[20,153200,330],{},[35,153202,153204],{"className":37,"code":153203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,153205,153206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153207,153208,153211,153213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153209,153210],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,153212,4762],{"class":54},[44,153214,65764],{"class":50},[20,153216,153217,153218,108],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[395,153219,65774],{"href":65773},[30,153221,567,153222,4523,153224],{"id":65341},[15,153223,35995],{},[15,153225,52592],{},[20,153227,22,153228,4523,153230,153232],{},[15,153229,35995],{},[15,153231,52592],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153234,153235],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153237,223],{},[35,153239,153241],{"className":37,"code":153240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153242,153243,153271,153275,153296,153320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153244,153245,153247,153249,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265,153267,153269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153246,3948],{"class":50},[44,153248,55],{"class":54},[44,153250,857],{"class":58},[44,153252,2254],{"class":95},[44,153254,83],{"class":58},[44,153256,528],{"class":95},[44,153258,83],{"class":58},[44,153260,4736],{"class":95},[44,153262,83],{"class":58},[44,153264,96],{"class":95},[44,153266,83],{"class":58},[44,153268,4736],{"class":95},[44,153270,162],{"class":58},[44,153272,153273],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153274,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,153276,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153278,154],{"class":153},[44,153280,157],{"class":58},[44,153282,5488],{"class":111},[44,153284,108],{"class":58},[44,153286,35768],{"class":111},[44,153288,157],{"class":58},[44,153290,2254],{"class":95},[44,153292,5491],{"class":58},[44,153294,153295],{"class":168},"        # 0\n",[44,153297,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,153299,154],{"class":153},[44,153301,157],{"class":58},[44,153303,5488],{"class":111},[44,153305,108],{"class":58},[44,153307,35768],{"class":111},[44,153309,157],{"class":58},[44,153311,2254],{"class":95},[44,153313,83],{"class":58},[44,153315,504],{"class":95},[44,153317,5491],{"class":58},[44,153319,50883],{"class":168},[44,153321,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,153323,154],{"class":153},[44,153325,157],{"class":58},[44,153327,5488],{"class":111},[44,153329,108],{"class":58},[44,153331,35768],{"class":111},[44,153333,157],{"class":58},[44,153335,2254],{"class":95},[44,153337,83],{"class":58},[44,153339,1017],{"class":95},[44,153341,83],{"class":58},[44,153343,4736],{"class":95},[44,153345,5491],{"class":58},[44,153347,50866],{"class":168},[1960,153349,153351],{"id":153350},"how-it-works","How it works",[192,153353,153354,153359,153364],{},[195,153355,153356,153358],{},[15,153357,35995],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[195,153360,153361,153363],{},[15,153362,52592],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[195,153365,22,153366,153368],{},[15,153367,52592],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153370,223],{},[35,153372,153374],{"className":37,"code":153373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153375,153376,153404,153408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153377,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153379,3948],{"class":50},[44,153381,55],{"class":54},[44,153383,857],{"class":58},[44,153385,2254],{"class":95},[44,153387,83],{"class":58},[44,153389,528],{"class":95},[44,153391,83],{"class":58},[44,153393,4736],{"class":95},[44,153395,83],{"class":58},[44,153397,96],{"class":95},[44,153399,83],{"class":58},[44,153401,4736],{"class":95},[44,153403,162],{"class":58},[44,153405,153406],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153407,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,153409,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430,153432],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153411,154],{"class":153},[44,153413,157],{"class":58},[44,153415,5488],{"class":111},[44,153417,108],{"class":58},[44,153419,35768],{"class":111},[44,153421,157],{"class":58},[44,153423,2254],{"class":95},[44,153425,83],{"class":58},[44,153427,504],{"class":95},[44,153429,83],{"class":58},[44,153431,2574],{"class":95},[44,153433,1869],{"class":58},[20,153435,330],{},[35,153437,153438],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153439,153440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153441,153442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153443,17137],{"class":95},[20,153445,153446,153447,2307,153449,17153,153451,153453,153454,108],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153448,3108],{},[15,153450,2173],{},[15,153452,2179],{},", but not ",[15,153455,2623],{},[30,153457,153459],{"id":153458},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153461,153462,153463,72],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153464,149129],{},[192,153466,153467,153475,153480,153487],{},[195,153468,153469,153470,153472,153473],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3868,153471,2590],{}," with the ",[3868,153474,35768],{},[195,153476,153477,153478],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153479,2237],{},[195,153481,172,153482,153486],{},[395,153483,149155,153484,10852],{"href":149207},[15,153485,57223],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[195,153488,153489,153490,153492],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153491,153019],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153494,153495],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,153497,153499],{"className":37,"code":153498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153500,153501,153533,153537,153561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153502,153503,153505,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529,153531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153504,36162],{"class":50},[44,153506,55],{"class":54},[44,153508,857],{"class":58},[44,153510,63],{"class":62},[44,153512,4207],{"class":66},[44,153514,63],{"class":62},[44,153516,83],{"class":58},[44,153518,75],{"class":62},[44,153520,4216],{"class":66},[44,153522,63],{"class":62},[44,153524,83],{"class":58},[44,153526,75],{"class":62},[44,153528,33140],{"class":66},[44,153530,63],{"class":62},[44,153532,162],{"class":58},[44,153534,153535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153536,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,153538,153539,153541,153543,153545,153547,153549,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153540,154],{"class":153},[44,153542,157],{"class":58},[44,153544,36214],{"class":111},[44,153546,108],{"class":58},[44,153548,35768],{"class":111},[44,153550,157],{"class":58},[44,153552,63],{"class":62},[44,153554,4216],{"class":66},[44,153556,63],{"class":62},[44,153558,5491],{"class":58},[44,153560,27848],{"class":168},[44,153562,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,153564,154],{"class":153},[44,153566,157],{"class":58},[44,153568,36214],{"class":111},[44,153570,4027],{"class":58},[44,153572,3108],{"class":95},[44,153574,20518],{"class":58},[44,153576,153577],{"class":168},"               # banana\n",[20,153579,2296],{},[192,153581,153582,153586],{},[195,153583,153584,15332],{},[15,153585,65209],{},[195,153587,153588,153590],{},[15,153589,3108],{}," is the index",[30,153592,1803],{"id":1802},[20,153594,106053,153595,72],{},[15,153596,149129],{},[192,153598,153599,153602,153607,153612,153619],{},[195,153600,153601],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[195,153603,1821,153604,153606],{},[15,153605,58901],{}," to return all matching positions",[195,153608,153609,153610],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153611,2237],{},[195,153613,153614,153615,4523,153617],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153616,35995],{},[15,153618,52592],{},[195,153620,37128,153621,153623],{},[15,153622,149129],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1960,153625,60644],{"id":60643},[20,153627,94315],{},[35,153629,153631],{"className":37,"code":153630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153632,153633,153643,153657,153672,153690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153634,153635,153637,153639,153641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153636,154],{"class":153},[44,153638,157],{"class":58},[44,153640,147942],{"class":111},[44,153642,162],{"class":58},[44,153644,153645,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153646,154],{"class":153},[44,153648,157],{"class":58},[44,153650,11271],{"class":153},[44,153652,157],{"class":58},[44,153654,147942],{"class":111},[44,153656,1869],{"class":58},[44,153658,153659,153661,153663,153665,153667,153670],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153660,154],{"class":153},[44,153662,157],{"class":58},[44,153664,2564],{"class":111},[44,153666,4009],{"class":4002},[44,153668,153669],{"class":111}," my_tuple",[44,153671,162],{"class":58},[44,153673,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,153675,154],{"class":153},[44,153677,157],{"class":58},[44,153679,147942],{"class":111},[44,153681,108],{"class":58},[44,153683,41186],{"class":111},[44,153685,157],{"class":58},[44,153687,2590],{"class":111},[44,153689,1869],{"class":58},[44,153691,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,153693,154],{"class":153},[44,153695,157],{"class":58},[44,153697,147942],{"class":111},[44,153699,108],{"class":58},[44,153701,35768],{"class":111},[44,153703,157],{"class":58},[44,153705,2590],{"class":111},[44,153707,1869],{"class":58},[20,153709,153710,153711,84332,153713,153715],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153712,40630],{},[15,153714,2590],{}," is missing.",[20,153717,129559],{},[35,153719,153721],{"className":37,"code":153720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153722,153723,153735,153753,153759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153724,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153726,7128],{"class":4002},[44,153728,21655],{"class":50},[44,153730,4009],{"class":54},[44,153732,153669],{"class":50},[44,153734,6523],{"class":58},[44,153736,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745,153747,153749,153751],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153738,8200],{"class":153},[44,153740,157],{"class":58},[44,153742,147942],{"class":111},[44,153744,108],{"class":58},[44,153746,35768],{"class":111},[44,153748,157],{"class":58},[44,153750,2590],{"class":111},[44,153752,1869],{"class":58},[44,153754,153755,153757],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153756,27502],{"class":4002},[44,153758,6523],{"class":58},[44,153760,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,153762,8200],{"class":153},[44,153764,157],{"class":58},[44,153766,63],{"class":62},[44,153768,153194],{"class":66},[44,153770,63],{"class":62},[44,153772,162],{"class":58},[30,153774,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,153776,5273,153778,12814],{"id":153777},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153779,149129],{},[20,153781,153782],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1960,153784,153786],{"id":153785},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153788,153789,152656],{},[15,153790,149129],{},[1960,153792,149108],{"id":149107},[20,153794,76793,153795,108],{},[15,153796,40630],{},[1960,153798,153800],{"id":153799},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153802,153803,153804,4523,153806,153808],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153805,35995],{},[15,153807,52592],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1960,153810,14989,153812,57138,153814,2610],{"id":153811},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153813,149129],{},[15,153815,64800],{},[20,153817,153818],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,153820,2020],{"id":2019},[192,153822,153823,153829,153833,153838,153842],{},[195,153824,153825],{},[395,153826,149155,153827,10852],{"href":149207},[15,153828,57223],{},[195,153830,153831],{},[395,153832,149597],{"href":153023},[195,153834,153835],{},[395,153836,153837],{"href":150903},"Creating a tuple in Python",[195,153839,153840],{},[395,153841,65774],{"href":65773},[195,153843,153844],{},[395,153845,150851],{"href":152661},[2048,153847,153848],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":153850},[153851,153852,153854,153857,153858,153859,153860,153863,153864,153867,153876],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":152568,"depth":102,"text":153853},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402,"children":153855},[153856],{"id":17474,"depth":150,"text":17475},{"id":103314,"depth":102,"text":103315},{"id":152998,"depth":102,"text":152999},{"id":65564,"depth":102,"text":65565},{"id":65341,"depth":102,"text":66124,"children":153861},[153862],{"id":153350,"depth":150,"text":153351},{"id":153458,"depth":102,"text":153459},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803,"children":153865},[153866],{"id":60643,"depth":150,"text":60644},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":153868},[153869,153871,153872,153873,153874],{"id":153777,"depth":150,"text":153870},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153785,"depth":150,"text":153786},{"id":149107,"depth":150,"text":149108},{"id":153799,"depth":150,"text":153800},{"id":153811,"depth":150,"text":153875},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152463,"description":153877},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153884,"title":153885,"body":153886,"description":155281,"extension":2080,"meta":155282,"navigation":682,"path":153023,"seo":155283,"stem":155284,"__hash__":155285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153887,"toc":155263},[153888,153891,153894,153897,153911,153913,153916,154010,154020,154026,154030,154033,154036,154038,154056,154058,154129,154131,154148,154152,154156,154159,154176,154179,154194,154196,154287,154290,154294,154297,154314,154316,154411,154414,154417,154421,154424,154518,154520,154539,154542,154546,154549,154551,154606,154608,154643,154646,154660,154668,154761,154770,154774,154777,154784,154787,154834,154836,154844,154847,154898,154900,154917,154922,154926,154929,154932,154934,154985,154988,155043,155046,155049,155051,155054,155074,155076,155149,155152,155165,155167,155171,155176,155180,155185,155202,155206,155209,155226,155230,155233,155235,155260],[10,153889,153885],{"id":153890},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153892,153893],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153895,153896],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[192,153898,153899,153902,153905,153908],{},[195,153900,153901],{},"positive indexes",[195,153903,153904],{},"negative indexes",[195,153906,153907],{},"common indexing mistakes",[195,153909,153910],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153912,3731],{"id":3730},[20,153914,153915],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153917,153919],{"className":37,"code":153918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153920,153921,153953,153957,153974,153991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153922,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153924,13172],{"class":50},[44,153926,55],{"class":54},[44,153928,857],{"class":58},[44,153930,63],{"class":62},[44,153932,13189],{"class":66},[44,153934,63],{"class":62},[44,153936,83],{"class":58},[44,153938,75],{"class":62},[44,153940,17534],{"class":66},[44,153942,63],{"class":62},[44,153944,83],{"class":58},[44,153946,75],{"class":62},[44,153948,13206],{"class":66},[44,153950,63],{"class":62},[44,153952,162],{"class":58},[44,153954,153955],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,153956,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,153958,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,153960,154],{"class":153},[44,153962,157],{"class":58},[44,153964,17581],{"class":111},[44,153966,4027],{"class":58},[44,153968,2237],{"class":95},[44,153970,20518],{"class":58},[44,153972,153973],{"class":168},"   # red\n",[44,153975,153976,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,153977,154],{"class":153},[44,153979,157],{"class":58},[44,153981,17581],{"class":111},[44,153983,4027],{"class":58},[44,153985,3108],{"class":95},[44,153987,20518],{"class":58},[44,153989,153990],{"class":168},"   # green\n",[44,153992,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,153994,154],{"class":153},[44,153996,157],{"class":58},[44,153998,17581],{"class":111},[44,154000,4027],{"class":58},[44,154002,2138],{"class":54},[44,154004,3108],{"class":95},[44,154006,20518],{"class":58},[44,154008,154009],{"class":168},"  # blue\n",[192,154011,154012,154017],{},[195,154013,132348,154014,154016],{},[15,154015,2237],{}," is the first item.",[195,154018,154019],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154021,154022,154023,108],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[395,154024,154025],{"href":147927},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,154027,154029],{"id":154028},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154031,154032],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154034,154035],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154037,11564],{},[192,154039,154040,154043,154050,154053],{},[195,154041,154042],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[195,154044,154045,154046,19040,154048],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154047,2237],{},[15,154049,3108],{},[195,154051,154052],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[195,154054,154055],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154057,223],{},[35,154059,154061],{"className":37,"code":154060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154062,154063,154083,154087,154101,154115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154064,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079,154081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154066,3741],{"class":50},[44,154068,55],{"class":54},[44,154070,857],{"class":58},[44,154072,2448],{"class":95},[44,154074,83],{"class":58},[44,154076,96],{"class":95},[44,154078,83],{"class":58},[44,154080,7925],{"class":95},[44,154082,162],{"class":58},[44,154084,154085],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154086,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154088,154089,154091,154093,154095,154097,154099],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154090,154],{"class":153},[44,154092,157],{"class":58},[44,154094,3773],{"class":111},[44,154096,4027],{"class":58},[44,154098,2237],{"class":95},[44,154100,4015],{"class":58},[44,154102,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,154104,154],{"class":153},[44,154106,157],{"class":58},[44,154108,3773],{"class":111},[44,154110,4027],{"class":58},[44,154112,3108],{"class":95},[44,154114,4015],{"class":58},[44,154116,154117,154119,154121,154123,154125,154127],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,154118,154],{"class":153},[44,154120,157],{"class":58},[44,154122,3773],{"class":111},[44,154124,4027],{"class":58},[44,154126,2173],{"class":95},[44,154128,4015],{"class":58},[20,154130,330],{},[35,154132,154134],{"className":37,"code":154133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154135,154136,154140,154144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154137,154138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154139,2494],{"class":95},[44,154141,154142],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154143,71159],{"class":95},[44,154145,154146],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154147,69775],{"class":95},[20,154149,59326,154150,108],{},[395,154151,147924],{"href":147923},[30,154153,154155],{"id":154154},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154157,154158],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[192,154160,154161,154166,154171],{},[195,154162,154163,154165],{},[15,154164,2237],{}," = first item",[195,154167,154168,154170],{},[15,154169,3108],{}," = second item",[195,154172,154173,154175],{},[15,154174,2173],{}," = third item",[20,154177,154178],{},"Pattern:",[35,154180,154182],{"className":37,"code":154181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154183,154184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154185,154186,154188,154190,154192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154187,152679],{"class":50},[44,154189,4027],{"class":58},[44,154191,35768],{"class":50},[44,154193,3759],{"class":58},[20,154195,223],{},[35,154197,154199],{"className":37,"code":154198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154200,154201,154233,154237,154254,154270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154202,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223,154225,154227,154229,154231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154204,36162],{"class":50},[44,154206,55],{"class":54},[44,154208,857],{"class":58},[44,154210,63],{"class":62},[44,154212,4207],{"class":66},[44,154214,63],{"class":62},[44,154216,83],{"class":58},[44,154218,75],{"class":62},[44,154220,4216],{"class":66},[44,154222,63],{"class":62},[44,154224,83],{"class":58},[44,154226,75],{"class":62},[44,154228,4225],{"class":66},[44,154230,63],{"class":62},[44,154232,162],{"class":58},[44,154234,154235],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154236,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154238,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154240,154],{"class":153},[44,154242,157],{"class":58},[44,154244,36214],{"class":111},[44,154246,4027],{"class":58},[44,154248,2237],{"class":95},[44,154250,20518],{"class":58},[44,154252,154253],{"class":168},"  # apple\n",[44,154255,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,154257,154],{"class":153},[44,154259,157],{"class":58},[44,154261,36214],{"class":111},[44,154263,4027],{"class":58},[44,154265,3108],{"class":95},[44,154267,20518],{"class":58},[44,154269,51417],{"class":168},[44,154271,154272,154274,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,154273,154],{"class":153},[44,154275,157],{"class":58},[44,154277,36214],{"class":111},[44,154279,4027],{"class":58},[44,154281,2173],{"class":95},[44,154283,20518],{"class":58},[44,154285,154286],{"class":168},"  # cherry\n",[20,154288,154289],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,154291,154293],{"id":154292},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154295,154296],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[192,154298,154299,154304,154309],{},[195,154300,154301,154303],{},[15,154302,65789],{}," = last item",[195,154305,154306,154308],{},[15,154307,95345],{}," = second-to-last item",[195,154310,154311,154313],{},[15,154312,47600],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154315,223],{},[35,154317,154319],{"className":37,"code":154318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154320,154321,154353,154357,154375,154393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154322,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154324,36162],{"class":50},[44,154326,55],{"class":54},[44,154328,857],{"class":58},[44,154330,63],{"class":62},[44,154332,4207],{"class":66},[44,154334,63],{"class":62},[44,154336,83],{"class":58},[44,154338,75],{"class":62},[44,154340,4216],{"class":66},[44,154342,63],{"class":62},[44,154344,83],{"class":58},[44,154346,75],{"class":62},[44,154348,4225],{"class":66},[44,154350,63],{"class":62},[44,154352,162],{"class":58},[44,154354,154355],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154356,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154358,154359,154361,154363,154365,154367,154369,154371,154373],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154360,154],{"class":153},[44,154362,157],{"class":58},[44,154364,36214],{"class":111},[44,154366,4027],{"class":58},[44,154368,2138],{"class":54},[44,154370,3108],{"class":95},[44,154372,20518],{"class":58},[44,154374,154286],{"class":168},[44,154376,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,154378,154],{"class":153},[44,154380,157],{"class":58},[44,154382,36214],{"class":111},[44,154384,4027],{"class":58},[44,154386,2138],{"class":54},[44,154388,2173],{"class":95},[44,154390,20518],{"class":58},[44,154392,51417],{"class":168},[44,154394,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,154396,154],{"class":153},[44,154398,157],{"class":58},[44,154400,36214],{"class":111},[44,154402,4027],{"class":58},[44,154404,2138],{"class":54},[44,154406,2179],{"class":95},[44,154408,20518],{"class":58},[44,154410,154253],{"class":168},[20,154412,154413],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154415,154416],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,154418,154420],{"id":154419},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154422,154423],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,154425,154427],{"className":37,"code":154426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154428,154429,154461,154465,154482,154499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154430,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154432,5126],{"class":50},[44,154434,55],{"class":54},[44,154436,857],{"class":58},[44,154438,63],{"class":62},[44,154440,78],{"class":66},[44,154442,63],{"class":62},[44,154444,83],{"class":58},[44,154446,75],{"class":62},[44,154448,35863],{"class":66},[44,154450,63],{"class":62},[44,154452,83],{"class":58},[44,154454,75],{"class":62},[44,154456,35872],{"class":66},[44,154458,63],{"class":62},[44,154460,162],{"class":58},[44,154462,154463],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154464,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154466,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154468,154],{"class":153},[44,154470,157],{"class":58},[44,154472,5170],{"class":111},[44,154474,4027],{"class":58},[44,154476,2237],{"class":95},[44,154478,20518],{"class":58},[44,154480,154481],{"class":168},"   # first item\n",[44,154483,154484,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,154485,154],{"class":153},[44,154487,157],{"class":58},[44,154489,5170],{"class":111},[44,154491,4027],{"class":58},[44,154493,3108],{"class":95},[44,154495,20518],{"class":58},[44,154497,154498],{"class":168},"   # middle item\n",[44,154500,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,154502,154],{"class":153},[44,154504,157],{"class":58},[44,154506,5170],{"class":111},[44,154508,4027],{"class":58},[44,154510,2138],{"class":54},[44,154512,3108],{"class":95},[44,154514,20518],{"class":58},[44,154516,154517],{"class":168},"  # last item\n",[20,154519,330],{},[35,154521,154523],{"className":37,"code":154522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154524,154525,154529,154534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154526,154527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154528,49970],{"class":50},[44,154530,154531],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154532,154533],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154535,154536],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154537,154538],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154540,154541],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154543,154545],{"id":154544},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154547,154548],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154550,223],{},[35,154552,154554],{"className":37,"code":154553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154555,154556,154588,154592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154557,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568,154570,154572,154574,154576,154578,154580,154582,154584,154586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154559,36013],{"class":50},[44,154561,55],{"class":54},[44,154563,857],{"class":58},[44,154565,63],{"class":62},[44,154567,395],{"class":66},[44,154569,63],{"class":62},[44,154571,83],{"class":58},[44,154573,75],{"class":62},[44,154575,1005],{"class":66},[44,154577,63],{"class":62},[44,154579,83],{"class":58},[44,154581,75],{"class":62},[44,154583,9855],{"class":66},[44,154585,63],{"class":62},[44,154587,162],{"class":58},[44,154589,154590],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154591,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154593,154594,154596,154598,154600,154602,154604],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154595,154],{"class":153},[44,154597,157],{"class":58},[44,154599,36066],{"class":111},[44,154601,4027],{"class":58},[44,154603,2254],{"class":95},[44,154605,4015],{"class":58},[20,154607,330],{},[35,154609,154611],{"className":37,"code":154610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154612,154613,154625,154630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154614,154615,154618,154620,154623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154616,154617],{"class":111},"Traceback ",[44,154619,157],{"class":58},[44,154621,154622],{"class":111},"most recent call last",[44,154624,8473],{"class":58},[44,154626,154627],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154628,154629],{"class":34373},"  ...\n",[44,154631,154632,154634,154636,154638,154641],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154633,70666],{"class":1861},[44,154635,72],{"class":58},[44,154637,149290],{"class":1861},[44,154639,154640],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154642,70858],{"class":153},[20,154644,154645],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[192,154647,154648,154652,154656],{},[195,154649,154650],{},[15,154651,2237],{},[195,154653,154654],{},[15,154655,3108],{},[195,154657,154658],{},[15,154659,2173],{},[20,154661,154662,154663,108],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[395,154664,154665,154667],{"href":149162},[15,154666,42288],{}," on a tuple",[35,154669,154671],{"className":37,"code":154670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154672,154673,154705,154709,154725,154729,154747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154674,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154676,36013],{"class":50},[44,154678,55],{"class":54},[44,154680,857],{"class":58},[44,154682,63],{"class":62},[44,154684,395],{"class":66},[44,154686,63],{"class":62},[44,154688,83],{"class":58},[44,154690,75],{"class":62},[44,154692,1005],{"class":66},[44,154694,63],{"class":62},[44,154696,83],{"class":58},[44,154698,75],{"class":62},[44,154700,9855],{"class":66},[44,154702,63],{"class":62},[44,154704,162],{"class":58},[44,154706,154707],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154708,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154710,154711,154713,154715,154717,154719,154721,154723],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154712,154],{"class":153},[44,154714,157],{"class":58},[44,154716,11271],{"class":153},[44,154718,157],{"class":58},[44,154720,36066],{"class":111},[44,154722,5491],{"class":58},[44,154724,50701],{"class":168},[44,154726,154727],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,154728,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154730,154731,154733,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,154732,7128],{"class":4002},[44,154734,38311],{"class":153},[44,154736,157],{"class":58},[44,154738,36066],{"class":111},[44,154740,3786],{"class":58},[44,154742,38321],{"class":54},[44,154744,1012],{"class":95},[44,154746,6523],{"class":58},[44,154748,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,154750,8200],{"class":153},[44,154752,157],{"class":58},[44,154754,36066],{"class":111},[44,154756,4027],{"class":58},[44,154758,2173],{"class":95},[44,154760,4015],{"class":58},[20,154762,154763,154764,108],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[395,154765,25748,154767],{"href":154766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154768,154769],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154771,154773],{"id":154772},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154775,154776],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[192,154778,154779,154781],{},[195,154780,76810],{},[195,154782,154783],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154785,154786],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154788,154790],{"className":37,"code":154789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154791,154792,154816,154820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154793,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154795,3741],{"class":50},[44,154797,55],{"class":54},[44,154799,857],{"class":58},[44,154801,2448],{"class":95},[44,154803,83],{"class":58},[44,154805,96],{"class":95},[44,154807,83],{"class":58},[44,154809,7925],{"class":95},[44,154811,83],{"class":58},[44,154813,50774],{"class":95},[44,154815,162],{"class":58},[44,154817,154818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154819,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154821,154822,154824,154826,154828,154830,154832],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154823,154],{"class":153},[44,154825,157],{"class":58},[44,154827,3773],{"class":111},[44,154829,4027],{"class":58},[44,154831,3108],{"class":95},[44,154833,4015],{"class":58},[20,154835,330],{},[35,154837,154838],{"className":37,"code":71159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154839,154840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154841,154842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154843,71159],{"class":95},[20,154845,154846],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154848,154850],{"className":37,"code":154849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154851,154852,154876,154880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154853,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154855,3741],{"class":50},[44,154857,55],{"class":54},[44,154859,857],{"class":58},[44,154861,2448],{"class":95},[44,154863,83],{"class":58},[44,154865,96],{"class":95},[44,154867,83],{"class":58},[44,154869,7925],{"class":95},[44,154871,83],{"class":58},[44,154873,50774],{"class":95},[44,154875,162],{"class":58},[44,154877,154878],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154879,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,154881,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,154883,154],{"class":153},[44,154885,157],{"class":58},[44,154887,3773],{"class":111},[44,154889,4027],{"class":58},[44,154891,3108],{"class":95},[44,154893,72],{"class":58},[44,154895,2179],{"class":95},[44,154897,4015],{"class":58},[20,154899,330],{},[35,154901,154903],{"className":37,"code":154902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154904,154905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154906,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154908,157],{"class":58},[44,154910,15839],{"class":95},[44,154912,83],{"class":58},[44,154914,7925],{"class":95},[44,154916,162],{"class":58},[20,154918,154919,154920,108],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[395,154921,150841],{"href":150840},[30,154923,154925],{"id":154924},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154927,154928],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154930,154931],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154933,6818],{},[35,154935,154937],{"className":37,"code":154936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154938,154939,154971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154940,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154942,13172],{"class":50},[44,154944,55],{"class":54},[44,154946,857],{"class":58},[44,154948,63],{"class":62},[44,154950,13189],{"class":66},[44,154952,63],{"class":62},[44,154954,83],{"class":58},[44,154956,75],{"class":62},[44,154958,17534],{"class":66},[44,154960,63],{"class":62},[44,154962,83],{"class":58},[44,154964,75],{"class":62},[44,154966,13206],{"class":66},[44,154968,63],{"class":62},[44,154970,162],{"class":58},[44,154972,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,154974,154],{"class":153},[44,154976,157],{"class":58},[44,154978,17581],{"class":111},[44,154980,4027],{"class":58},[44,154982,3108],{"class":95},[44,154984,4015],{"class":58},[20,154986,154987],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154989,154991],{"className":37,"code":154990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154992,154993,155025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154994,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154996,13172],{"class":50},[44,154998,55],{"class":54},[44,155000,857],{"class":58},[44,155002,63],{"class":62},[44,155004,13189],{"class":66},[44,155006,63],{"class":62},[44,155008,83],{"class":58},[44,155010,75],{"class":62},[44,155012,17534],{"class":66},[44,155014,63],{"class":62},[44,155016,83],{"class":58},[44,155018,75],{"class":62},[44,155020,13206],{"class":66},[44,155022,63],{"class":62},[44,155024,162],{"class":58},[44,155026,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155028,17581],{"class":50},[44,155030,4027],{"class":58},[44,155032,3108],{"class":95},[44,155034,13368],{"class":58},[44,155036,13371],{"class":54},[44,155038,75],{"class":62},[44,155040,22594],{"class":66},[44,155042,3479],{"class":62},[20,155044,155045],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155047,155048],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,155050,1803],{"id":1802},[20,155052,155053],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[192,155055,155056,155062,155065,155068],{},[195,155057,132652,155058,11202,155060],{},[15,155059,3108],{},[15,155061,2237],{},[195,155063,155064],{},"Using an index that is too large",[195,155066,155067],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[195,155069,155070,155071],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155072,155073],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155075,62229],{},[35,155077,155079],{"className":37,"code":155078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155080,155081,155091,155105,155119,155135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155082,155083,155085,155087,155089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155084,154],{"class":153},[44,155086,157],{"class":58},[44,155088,147942],{"class":111},[44,155090,162],{"class":58},[44,155092,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155094,154],{"class":153},[44,155096,157],{"class":58},[44,155098,11271],{"class":153},[44,155100,157],{"class":58},[44,155102,147942],{"class":111},[44,155104,1869],{"class":58},[44,155106,155107,155109,155111,155113,155115,155117],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,155108,154],{"class":153},[44,155110,157],{"class":58},[44,155112,147942],{"class":111},[44,155114,4027],{"class":58},[44,155116,2237],{"class":95},[44,155118,4015],{"class":58},[44,155120,155121,155123,155125,155127,155129,155131,155133],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,155122,154],{"class":153},[44,155124,157],{"class":58},[44,155126,147942],{"class":111},[44,155128,4027],{"class":58},[44,155130,2138],{"class":54},[44,155132,3108],{"class":95},[44,155134,4015],{"class":58},[44,155136,155137,155139,155141,155143,155145,155147],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,155138,154],{"class":153},[44,155140,157],{"class":58},[44,155142,1862],{"class":1861},[44,155144,157],{"class":58},[44,155146,147942],{"class":111},[44,155148,1869],{"class":58},[20,155150,155151],{},"These can help you confirm:",[192,155153,155154,155157,155159,155162],{},[195,155155,155156],{},"what the tuple contains",[195,155158,60718],{},[195,155160,155161],{},"what the first and last items are",[195,155163,155164],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,155166,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,155168,155170],{"id":155169},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155172,155173,155174,108],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155175,2237],{},[1960,155177,155179],{"id":155178},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155181,172,155182,155184],{},[15,155183,65789],{}," as the index:",[35,155186,155188],{"className":37,"code":155187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155189,155190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155191,155192,155194,155196,155198,155200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155193,147942],{"class":50},[44,155195,4027],{"class":58},[44,155197,2138],{"class":54},[44,155199,3108],{"class":95},[44,155201,3759],{"class":58},[1960,155203,155205],{"id":155204},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155207,155208],{},"Python raises:",[35,155210,155212],{"className":37,"code":155211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155213,155214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155215,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155217,70666],{"class":1861},[44,155219,72],{"class":58},[44,155221,149290],{"class":1861},[44,155223,154640],{"class":50},[44,155225,70858],{"class":153},[1960,155227,155229],{"id":155228},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155231,155232],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,155234,2020],{"id":2019},[192,155236,155237,155242,155246,155250,155256],{},[195,155238,155239],{},[395,155240,155241],{"href":147927},"How to create a tuple in Python",[195,155243,155244],{},[395,155245,150841],{"href":150840},[195,155247,155248],{},[395,155249,150846],{"href":149162},[195,155251,155252],{},[395,155253,26190,155254],{"href":154766},[15,155255,154769],{},[195,155257,155258],{},[395,155259,147924],{"href":147923},[2048,155261,155262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":155264},[155265,155266,155267,155268,155269,155270,155271,155272,155273,155274,155280],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":154028,"depth":102,"text":154029},{"id":154154,"depth":102,"text":154155},{"id":154292,"depth":102,"text":154293},{"id":154419,"depth":102,"text":154420},{"id":154544,"depth":102,"text":154545},{"id":154772,"depth":102,"text":154773},{"id":154924,"depth":102,"text":154925},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":155275},[155276,155277,155278,155279],{"id":155169,"depth":150,"text":155170},{"id":155178,"depth":150,"text":155179},{"id":155204,"depth":150,"text":155205},{"id":155228,"depth":150,"text":155229},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153885,"description":155281},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155287,"title":155288,"body":155289,"description":157178,"extension":2080,"meta":157179,"navigation":682,"path":157180,"seo":157181,"stem":157182,"__hash__":157183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155290,"toc":157135},[155291,155297,155302,155353,155357,155365,155371,155373,155389,155391,155394,155409,155411,155424,155426,155483,155487,155495,155502,155508,155514,155518,155569,155573,155581,155585,155614,155618,155626,155630,155663,155667,155675,155679,155682,155733,155737,155745,155747,155764,155768,155772,155831,155835,155843,155846,155873,155877,155885,155889,155895,155970,155974,156011,156019,156023,156086,156090,156098,156103,156107,156113,156156,156160,156168,156174,156177,156224,156228,156236,156245,156251,156306,156310,156318,156321,156325,156327,156358,156362,156381,156384,156429,156433,156456,156462,156467,156469,156516,156521,156524,156572,156576,156584,156588,156593,156597,156647,156651,156666,156670,156728,156732,156747,156751,156822,156826,156835,156839,156918,156922,156944,156952,156954,156957,156982,156984,157037,157039,157056,157058,157062,157068,157073,157078,157082,157087,157091,157096,157102,157105,157107,157132],[10,155292,155294,155295,3786],{"id":155293},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155296,11271],{},[20,155298,172,155299,155301],{},[15,155300,42288],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,155303,155305],{"className":37,"code":155304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155306,155307,155339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155308,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329,155331,155333,155335,155337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155310,13172],{"class":50},[44,155312,55],{"class":54},[44,155314,857],{"class":58},[44,155316,63],{"class":62},[44,155318,13189],{"class":66},[44,155320,63],{"class":62},[44,155322,83],{"class":58},[44,155324,75],{"class":62},[44,155326,17534],{"class":66},[44,155328,63],{"class":62},[44,155330,83],{"class":58},[44,155332,75],{"class":62},[44,155334,13206],{"class":66},[44,155336,63],{"class":62},[44,155338,162],{"class":58},[44,155340,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155342,154],{"class":153},[44,155344,157],{"class":58},[44,155346,11271],{"class":153},[44,155348,157],{"class":58},[44,155350,17581],{"class":111},[44,155352,1869],{"class":58},[20,155354,155355],{},[3868,155356,330],{},[35,155358,155359],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155360,155361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155362,155363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155364,46546],{"class":95},[20,155366,172,155367,155370],{},[15,155368,155369],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,155372,15248],{"id":15247},[192,155374,155375,155380,155384,155387],{},[195,155376,4327,155377,155379],{},[15,155378,42288],{}," works with tuples",[195,155381,68193,155382,11810],{},[15,155383,42288],{},[195,155385,155386],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[195,155388,4649],{},[30,155390,402],{"id":401},[20,155392,155393],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,155395,155397],{"className":37,"code":155396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155398,155399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155400,155401,155403,155405,155407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155402,11271],{"class":153},[44,155404,157],{"class":58},[44,155406,147942],{"class":111},[44,155408,162],{"class":58},[20,155410,11564],{},[192,155412,155413,155416,155419],{},[195,155414,155415],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[195,155417,155418],{},"The result is an integer",[195,155420,155421,155423],{},[15,155422,42288],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155425,223],{},[35,155427,155429],{"className":37,"code":155428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155430,155431,155455,155469,155473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155432,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449,155451,155453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155434,3741],{"class":50},[44,155436,55],{"class":54},[44,155438,857],{"class":58},[44,155440,2448],{"class":95},[44,155442,83],{"class":58},[44,155444,96],{"class":95},[44,155446,83],{"class":58},[44,155448,7925],{"class":95},[44,155450,83],{"class":58},[44,155452,50774],{"class":95},[44,155454,162],{"class":58},[44,155456,155457,155459,155461,155463,155465,155467],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155458,41168],{"class":50},[44,155460,55],{"class":54},[44,155462,38311],{"class":153},[44,155464,157],{"class":58},[44,155466,3773],{"class":111},[44,155468,162],{"class":58},[44,155470,155471],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,155472,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,155476,154],{"class":153},[44,155478,157],{"class":58},[44,155480,41186],{"class":111},[44,155482,162],{"class":58},[20,155484,155485],{},[3868,155486,330],{},[35,155488,155489],{"className":37,"code":48580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155490,155491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155492,155493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155494,48580],{"class":95},[20,155496,155497,155498,108],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[395,155499,3697,155500,3630],{"href":42285},[15,155501,42288],{},[30,155503,179,155505,155507],{"id":155504},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155506,42288],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155509,155510,155511,155513],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155512,42288],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1960,155515,155517],{"id":155516},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155519,155521],{"className":37,"code":155520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155522,155523,155555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155524,155525,155527,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155526,36162],{"class":50},[44,155528,55],{"class":54},[44,155530,857],{"class":58},[44,155532,63],{"class":62},[44,155534,4207],{"class":66},[44,155536,63],{"class":62},[44,155538,83],{"class":58},[44,155540,75],{"class":62},[44,155542,4216],{"class":66},[44,155544,63],{"class":62},[44,155546,83],{"class":58},[44,155548,75],{"class":62},[44,155550,33140],{"class":66},[44,155552,63],{"class":62},[44,155554,162],{"class":58},[44,155556,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155558,154],{"class":153},[44,155560,157],{"class":58},[44,155562,11271],{"class":153},[44,155564,157],{"class":58},[44,155566,36214],{"class":111},[44,155568,1869],{"class":58},[20,155570,155571],{},[3868,155572,330],{},[35,155574,155575],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155576,155577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155578,155579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155580,46546],{"class":95},[1960,155582,155584],{"id":155583},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155586,155588],{"className":37,"code":155587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155589,155590,155599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155591,155592,155595,155597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155593,155594],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155596,55],{"class":54},[44,155598,149266],{"class":58},[44,155600,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155602,154],{"class":153},[44,155604,157],{"class":58},[44,155606,11271],{"class":153},[44,155608,157],{"class":58},[44,155610,155611],{"class":111},"empty_tuple",[44,155613,1869],{"class":58},[20,155615,155616],{},[3868,155617,330],{},[35,155619,155620],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155621,155622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155623,155624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155625,47181],{"class":95},[1960,155627,155629],{"id":155628},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155631,155633],{"className":37,"code":155632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155634,155635,155648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155636,155637,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155638,155639],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155641,55],{"class":54},[44,155643,857],{"class":58},[44,155645,2254],{"class":95},[44,155647,149280],{"class":58},[44,155649,155650,155652,155654,155656,155658,155661],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155651,154],{"class":153},[44,155653,157],{"class":58},[44,155655,11271],{"class":153},[44,155657,157],{"class":58},[44,155659,155660],{"class":111},"single_value",[44,155662,1869],{"class":58},[20,155664,155665],{},[3868,155666,330],{},[35,155668,155669],{"className":37,"code":46846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155670,155671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155672,155673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155674,46846],{"class":95},[1960,155676,155678],{"id":155677},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155680,155681],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155683,155685],{"className":37,"code":155684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155686,155687,155719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155688,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155690,489],{"class":50},[44,155692,55],{"class":54},[44,155694,857],{"class":58},[44,155696,3108],{"class":95},[44,155698,83],{"class":58},[44,155700,857],{"class":58},[44,155702,2173],{"class":95},[44,155704,83],{"class":58},[44,155706,1017],{"class":95},[44,155708,854],{"class":58},[44,155710,3746],{"class":58},[44,155712,2623],{"class":95},[44,155714,83],{"class":58},[44,155716,4736],{"class":95},[44,155718,4015],{"class":58},[44,155720,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155722,154],{"class":153},[44,155724,157],{"class":58},[44,155726,11271],{"class":153},[44,155728,157],{"class":58},[44,155730,511],{"class":111},[44,155732,1869],{"class":58},[20,155734,155735],{},[3868,155736,330],{},[35,155738,155739],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155740,155741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155742,155743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155744,46546],{"class":95},[20,155746,20031],{},[192,155748,155749,155754,155759],{},[195,155750,155751,155753],{},[15,155752,3108],{}," is one item",[195,155755,155756,155753],{},[15,155757,155758],{},"(2, 3)",[195,155760,155761,155753],{},[15,155762,155763],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155765,155767],{"id":155766},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1960,155769,155771],{"id":155770},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155773,155775],{"className":37,"code":155774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155776,155777,155817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155778,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155780,13172],{"class":50},[44,155782,55],{"class":54},[44,155784,857],{"class":58},[44,155786,63],{"class":62},[44,155788,13189],{"class":66},[44,155790,63],{"class":62},[44,155792,83],{"class":58},[44,155794,75],{"class":62},[44,155796,17534],{"class":66},[44,155798,63],{"class":62},[44,155800,83],{"class":58},[44,155802,75],{"class":62},[44,155804,13206],{"class":66},[44,155806,63],{"class":62},[44,155808,83],{"class":58},[44,155810,75],{"class":62},[44,155812,22594],{"class":66},[44,155814,63],{"class":62},[44,155816,162],{"class":58},[44,155818,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155820,154],{"class":153},[44,155822,157],{"class":58},[44,155824,11271],{"class":153},[44,155826,157],{"class":58},[44,155828,17581],{"class":111},[44,155830,1869],{"class":58},[20,155832,155833],{},[3868,155834,330],{},[35,155836,155837],{"className":37,"code":48580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155838,155839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155840,155841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155842,48580],{"class":95},[1960,155844,155584],{"id":155845},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155847,155849],{"className":37,"code":155848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155850,155851,155859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155852,155853,155855,155857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155854,7910],{"class":50},[44,155856,55],{"class":54},[44,155858,149266],{"class":58},[44,155860,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155862,154],{"class":153},[44,155864,157],{"class":58},[44,155866,11271],{"class":153},[44,155868,157],{"class":58},[44,155870,7940],{"class":111},[44,155872,1869],{"class":58},[20,155874,155875],{},[3868,155876,330],{},[35,155878,155879],{"className":37,"code":47181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155880,155881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155882,155883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155884,47181],{"class":95},[1960,155886,155888],{"id":155887},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155890,155891,155892,155894],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3868,155893,4762],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155896,155898],{"className":37,"code":155897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155899,155900,155912,155924,155928,155942,155956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155901,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155903,2673],{"class":50},[44,155905,55],{"class":54},[44,155907,857],{"class":58},[44,155909,2254],{"class":95},[44,155911,162],{"class":58},[44,155913,155914,155916,155918,155920,155922],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155915,2701],{"class":50},[44,155917,55],{"class":54},[44,155919,857],{"class":58},[44,155921,2254],{"class":95},[44,155923,149280],{"class":58},[44,155925,155926],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,155927,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,155929,155930,155932,155934,155936,155938,155940],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,155931,154],{"class":153},[44,155933,157],{"class":58},[44,155935,1862],{"class":1861},[44,155937,157],{"class":58},[44,155939,395],{"class":111},[44,155941,1869],{"class":58},[44,155943,155944,155946,155948,155950,155952,155954],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,155945,154],{"class":153},[44,155947,157],{"class":58},[44,155949,1862],{"class":1861},[44,155951,157],{"class":58},[44,155953,1005],{"class":111},[44,155955,1869],{"class":58},[44,155957,155958,155960,155962,155964,155966,155968],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,155959,154],{"class":153},[44,155961,157],{"class":58},[44,155963,11271],{"class":153},[44,155965,157],{"class":58},[44,155967,1005],{"class":111},[44,155969,1869],{"class":58},[20,155971,155972],{},[3868,155973,330],{},[35,155975,155977],{"className":37,"code":155976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155978,155979,155993,156007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155982,3411],{"class":54},[44,155984,3414],{"class":2182},[44,155986,352],{"class":62},[44,155988,2306],{"class":66},[44,155990,343],{"class":62},[44,155992,3423],{"class":54},[44,155994,155995,155997,155999,156001,156003,156005],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,155996,3411],{"class":54},[44,155998,3414],{"class":2182},[44,156000,352],{"class":62},[44,156002,48883],{"class":66},[44,156004,343],{"class":62},[44,156006,3423],{"class":54},[44,156008,156009],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156010,46846],{"class":95},[20,156012,156013,156014,4523,156017,108],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[395,156015,156016],{"href":147927},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[395,156018,149228],{"href":149227},[1960,156020,156022],{"id":156021},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,156024,156026],{"className":37,"code":156025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156027,156028,156072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156029,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156031,59406],{"class":50},[44,156033,55],{"class":54},[44,156035,857],{"class":58},[44,156037,63],{"class":62},[44,156039,4207],{"class":66},[44,156041,63],{"class":62},[44,156043,83],{"class":58},[44,156045,3746],{"class":58},[44,156047,3108],{"class":95},[44,156049,83],{"class":58},[44,156051,1012],{"class":95},[44,156053,18140],{"class":58},[44,156055,857],{"class":58},[44,156057,63],{"class":62},[44,156059,2291],{"class":66},[44,156061,63],{"class":62},[44,156063,83],{"class":58},[44,156065,75],{"class":62},[44,156067,11850],{"class":66},[44,156069,63],{"class":62},[44,156071,1869],{"class":58},[44,156073,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156075,154],{"class":153},[44,156077,157],{"class":58},[44,156079,11271],{"class":153},[44,156081,157],{"class":58},[44,156083,59459],{"class":111},[44,156085,1869],{"class":58},[20,156087,156088],{},[3868,156089,330],{},[35,156091,156092],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156093,156094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156095,156096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156097,46546],{"class":95},[20,156099,156100,156102],{},[15,156101,42288],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,156104,156106],{"id":156105},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1960,156108,156110,156112],{"id":156109},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156111,42288],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,156114,156116],{"className":37,"code":156115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156117,156118,156142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156119,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156121,4198],{"class":50},[44,156123,55],{"class":54},[44,156125,857],{"class":58},[44,156127,63],{"class":62},[44,156129,63530],{"class":66},[44,156131,63],{"class":62},[44,156133,83],{"class":58},[44,156135,75],{"class":62},[44,156137,39],{"class":66},[44,156139,63],{"class":62},[44,156141,162],{"class":58},[44,156143,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156145,154],{"class":153},[44,156147,157],{"class":58},[44,156149,11271],{"class":153},[44,156151,157],{"class":58},[44,156153,4242],{"class":111},[44,156155,1869],{"class":58},[20,156157,156158],{},[3868,156159,330],{},[35,156161,156162],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156163,156164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156165,156166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156167,17137],{"class":95},[20,156169,156170,156171,156173],{},"This result is ",[15,156172,2173],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156175,156176],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,156178,156180],{"className":37,"code":156179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156181,156182,156206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156183,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156185,4198],{"class":50},[44,156187,55],{"class":54},[44,156189,857],{"class":58},[44,156191,63],{"class":62},[44,156193,63530],{"class":66},[44,156195,63],{"class":62},[44,156197,83],{"class":58},[44,156199,75],{"class":62},[44,156201,39],{"class":66},[44,156203,63],{"class":62},[44,156205,162],{"class":58},[44,156207,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156209,154],{"class":153},[44,156211,157],{"class":58},[44,156213,11271],{"class":153},[44,156215,157],{"class":58},[44,156217,4242],{"class":111},[44,156219,4027],{"class":58},[44,156221,2237],{"class":95},[44,156223,3119],{"class":58},[20,156225,156226],{},[3868,156227,330],{},[35,156229,156230],{"className":37,"code":17137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156231,156232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156233,156234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156235,17137],{"class":95},[20,156237,20843,156238,156241,156242,108],{},[15,156239,156240],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156243,156244],{},"\"hi\"",[1960,156246,156248,156250],{"id":156247},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156249,42288],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,156252,156254],{"className":37,"code":156253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156255,156256,156292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156257,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156259,3948],{"class":50},[44,156261,55],{"class":54},[44,156263,10110],{"class":58},[44,156265,3108],{"class":95},[44,156267,83],{"class":58},[44,156269,1012],{"class":95},[44,156271,854],{"class":58},[44,156273,857],{"class":58},[44,156275,2179],{"class":95},[44,156277,83],{"class":58},[44,156279,2574],{"class":95},[44,156281,854],{"class":58},[44,156283,857],{"class":58},[44,156285,2254],{"class":95},[44,156287,83],{"class":58},[44,156289,37568],{"class":95},[44,156291,1869],{"class":58},[44,156293,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302,156304],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156295,154],{"class":153},[44,156297,157],{"class":58},[44,156299,11271],{"class":153},[44,156301,157],{"class":58},[44,156303,5488],{"class":111},[44,156305,1869],{"class":58},[20,156307,156308],{},[3868,156309,330],{},[35,156311,156312],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156313,156314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156315,156316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156317,46546],{"class":95},[20,156319,156320],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1960,156322,156324],{"id":156323},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156326,25759],{},[35,156328,156330],{"className":37,"code":156329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156331,156332,156344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156333,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156335,2564],{"class":50},[44,156337,55],{"class":54},[44,156339,857],{"class":58},[44,156341,2448],{"class":95},[44,156343,162],{"class":58},[44,156345,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156347,154],{"class":153},[44,156349,157],{"class":58},[44,156351,1862],{"class":1861},[44,156353,157],{"class":58},[44,156355,2590],{"class":111},[44,156357,1869],{"class":58},[20,156359,156360],{},[3868,156361,330],{},[35,156363,156365],{"className":37,"code":156364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156366,156367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156368,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156370,3411],{"class":54},[44,156372,3414],{"class":2182},[44,156374,352],{"class":62},[44,156376,2306],{"class":66},[44,156378,343],{"class":62},[44,156380,3423],{"class":54},[20,156382,156383],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,156385,156387],{"className":37,"code":156386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156388,156389,156401,156415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156390,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156392,2564],{"class":50},[44,156394,55],{"class":54},[44,156396,857],{"class":58},[44,156398,2448],{"class":95},[44,156400,149280],{"class":58},[44,156402,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156404,154],{"class":153},[44,156406,157],{"class":58},[44,156408,1862],{"class":1861},[44,156410,157],{"class":58},[44,156412,2590],{"class":111},[44,156414,1869],{"class":58},[44,156416,156417,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156418,154],{"class":153},[44,156420,157],{"class":58},[44,156422,11271],{"class":153},[44,156424,157],{"class":58},[44,156426,2590],{"class":111},[44,156428,1869],{"class":58},[20,156430,156431],{},[3868,156432,330],{},[35,156434,156436],{"className":37,"code":156435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156437,156438,156452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156439,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156441,3411],{"class":54},[44,156443,3414],{"class":2182},[44,156445,352],{"class":62},[44,156447,48883],{"class":66},[44,156449,343],{"class":62},[44,156451,3423],{"class":54},[44,156453,156454],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156455,46846],{"class":95},[1960,156457,156459,156461],{"id":156458},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156460,11271],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156463,44357,156464,156466],{},[15,156465,11271],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156468,44388],{},[35,156470,156472],{"className":37,"code":156471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156473,156474,156482,156502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156475,156476,156478,156480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156477,11271],{"class":153},[44,156479,13371],{"class":54},[44,156481,2706],{"class":95},[44,156483,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156485,3741],{"class":50},[44,156487,55],{"class":54},[44,156489,857],{"class":58},[44,156491,3108],{"class":95},[44,156493,83],{"class":58},[44,156495,1012],{"class":95},[44,156497,83],{"class":58},[44,156499,1017],{"class":95},[44,156501,162],{"class":58},[44,156503,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156505,154],{"class":153},[44,156507,157],{"class":58},[44,156509,11271],{"class":153},[44,156511,157],{"class":58},[44,156513,3773],{"class":111},[44,156515,1869],{"class":58},[20,156517,39579,156518,156520],{},[15,156519,11271],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156522,156523],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156525,156527],{"className":37,"code":156526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156528,156529,156538,156558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156530,156531,156534,156536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156532,156533],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156535,55],{"class":54},[44,156537,2706],{"class":95},[44,156539,156540,156542,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156541,3741],{"class":50},[44,156543,55],{"class":54},[44,156545,857],{"class":58},[44,156547,3108],{"class":95},[44,156549,83],{"class":58},[44,156551,1012],{"class":95},[44,156553,83],{"class":58},[44,156555,1017],{"class":95},[44,156557,162],{"class":58},[44,156559,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156561,154],{"class":153},[44,156563,157],{"class":58},[44,156565,11271],{"class":153},[44,156567,157],{"class":58},[44,156569,3773],{"class":111},[44,156571,1869],{"class":58},[20,156573,156574],{},[3868,156575,330],{},[35,156577,156578],{"className":37,"code":46546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156579,156580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156581,156582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156583,46546],{"class":95},[30,156585,156587],{"id":156586},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156589,156590,156592],{},[15,156591,42288],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1960,156594,156596],{"id":156595},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156598,156600],{"className":37,"code":156599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156601,156602,156610,156614,156632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156603,156604,156606,156608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156605,7910],{"class":50},[44,156607,55],{"class":54},[44,156609,149266],{"class":58},[44,156611,156612],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156613,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,156615,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156617,7128],{"class":4002},[44,156619,38311],{"class":153},[44,156621,157],{"class":58},[44,156623,7940],{"class":111},[44,156625,3786],{"class":58},[44,156627,6538],{"class":54},[44,156629,3959],{"class":95},[44,156631,6523],{"class":58},[44,156633,156634,156636,156638,156640,156643,156645],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,156635,8200],{"class":153},[44,156637,157],{"class":58},[44,156639,63],{"class":62},[44,156641,156642],{"class":66},"The tuple is empty",[44,156644,63],{"class":62},[44,156646,162],{"class":58},[20,156648,156649],{},[3868,156650,330],{},[35,156652,156654],{"className":37,"code":156653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156655,156656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156657,156658,156660,156662,156664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156659,22],{"class":50},[44,156661,48883],{"class":1861},[44,156663,8227],{"class":54},[44,156665,8233],{"class":50},[1960,156667,156669],{"id":156668},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156671,156673],{"className":37,"code":156672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156674,156675,156691,156695,156713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156676,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156678,51316],{"class":50},[44,156680,55],{"class":54},[44,156682,857],{"class":58},[44,156684,2623],{"class":95},[44,156686,83],{"class":58},[44,156688,6123],{"class":95},[44,156690,162],{"class":58},[44,156692,156693],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156694,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,156696,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707,156709,156711],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156698,7128],{"class":4002},[44,156700,38311],{"class":153},[44,156702,157],{"class":58},[44,156704,51341],{"class":111},[44,156706,3786],{"class":58},[44,156708,6538],{"class":54},[44,156710,1012],{"class":95},[44,156712,6523],{"class":58},[44,156714,156715,156717,156719,156721,156724,156726],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,156716,8200],{"class":153},[44,156718,157],{"class":58},[44,156720,63],{"class":62},[44,156722,156723],{"class":66},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156725,63],{"class":62},[44,156727,162],{"class":58},[20,156729,156730],{},[3868,156731,330],{},[35,156733,156735],{"className":37,"code":156734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156736,156737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156738,156739,156742,156744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156740,156741],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156743,83],{"class":58},[44,156745,156746],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[1960,156748,156750],{"id":156749},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156752,156754],{"className":37,"code":156753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156755,156756,156785,156789,156807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156757,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774,156776,156778,156781,156783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156759,1061],{"class":50},[44,156761,55],{"class":54},[44,156763,857],{"class":58},[44,156765,63],{"class":62},[44,156767,78],{"class":66},[44,156769,63],{"class":62},[44,156771,83],{"class":58},[44,156773,1164],{"class":95},[44,156775,83],{"class":58},[44,156777,75],{"class":62},[44,156779,156780],{"class":66},"Canada",[44,156782,63],{"class":62},[44,156784,162],{"class":58},[44,156786,156787],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156788,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,156790,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156803,156805],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156792,7128],{"class":4002},[44,156794,38311],{"class":153},[44,156796,157],{"class":58},[44,156798,1087],{"class":111},[44,156800,3786],{"class":58},[44,156802,6538],{"class":54},[44,156804,1017],{"class":95},[44,156806,6523],{"class":58},[44,156808,156809,156811,156813,156815,156818,156820],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,156810,8200],{"class":153},[44,156812,157],{"class":58},[44,156814,63],{"class":62},[44,156816,156817],{"class":66},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156819,63],{"class":62},[44,156821,162],{"class":58},[20,156823,156824],{},[3868,156825,330],{},[35,156827,156829],{"className":37,"code":156828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156830,156831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156832,156833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156834,156828],{"class":50},[1960,156836,156838],{"id":156837},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156840,156842],{"className":37,"code":156841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156843,156844,156876,156880,156900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156845,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156847,36013],{"class":50},[44,156849,55],{"class":54},[44,156851,857],{"class":58},[44,156853,63],{"class":62},[44,156855,395],{"class":66},[44,156857,63],{"class":62},[44,156859,83],{"class":58},[44,156861,75],{"class":62},[44,156863,1005],{"class":66},[44,156865,63],{"class":62},[44,156867,83],{"class":58},[44,156869,75],{"class":62},[44,156871,9855],{"class":66},[44,156873,63],{"class":62},[44,156875,162],{"class":58},[44,156877,156878],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156879,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,156881,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156883,6087],{"class":4002},[44,156885,69483],{"class":50},[44,156887,4009],{"class":4002},[44,156889,54002],{"class":153},[44,156891,157],{"class":58},[44,156893,11271],{"class":153},[44,156895,157],{"class":58},[44,156897,36066],{"class":111},[44,156899,69498],{"class":58},[44,156901,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,156903,8200],{"class":153},[44,156905,157],{"class":58},[44,156907,36077],{"class":111},[44,156909,83],{"class":58},[44,156911,70031],{"class":111},[44,156913,4027],{"class":58},[44,156915,36077],{"class":111},[44,156917,4015],{"class":58},[20,156919,156920],{},[3868,156921,330],{},[35,156923,156924],{"className":37,"code":36089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156925,156926,156932,156938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156927,156928,156930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156929,2237],{"class":95},[44,156931,36098],{"class":50},[44,156933,156934,156936],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,156935,3108],{"class":95},[44,156937,36105],{"class":50},[44,156939,156940,156942],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,156941,2173],{"class":95},[44,156943,36112],{"class":50},[20,156945,156946,156947,156949,156950,108],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[395,156948,149597],{"href":149596},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[395,156951,150841],{"href":150840},[30,156953,1803],{"id":1802},[20,156955,156956],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[192,156958,156959,156967,156974,156979],{},[195,156960,156961,156962,11202,156965],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156963,156964],{},"(5)",[15,156966,149431],{},[195,156968,567,156969,156971,156972],{},[15,156970,11271],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156973,42288],{},[195,156975,1821,156976,156978],{},[15,156977,42288],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[195,156980,156981],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156983,1836],{},[35,156985,156987],{"className":37,"code":156986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156988,156989,156999,157013,157027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156990,156991,156993,156995,156997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156992,154],{"class":153},[44,156994,157],{"class":58},[44,156996,147942],{"class":111},[44,156998,162],{"class":58},[44,157000,157001,157003,157005,157007,157009,157011],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157002,154],{"class":153},[44,157004,157],{"class":58},[44,157006,1862],{"class":1861},[44,157008,157],{"class":58},[44,157010,147942],{"class":111},[44,157012,1869],{"class":58},[44,157014,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157016,154],{"class":153},[44,157018,157],{"class":58},[44,157020,11271],{"class":153},[44,157022,157],{"class":58},[44,157024,147942],{"class":111},[44,157026,1869],{"class":58},[44,157028,157029,157031,157033,157035],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,157030,1913],{"class":153},[44,157032,157],{"class":58},[44,157034,11271],{"class":153},[44,157036,162],{"class":58},[20,157038,155151],{},[192,157040,157041,157044,157047,157051],{},[195,157042,157043],{},"what value you are using",[195,157045,157046],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[195,157048,26088,157049,11810],{},[15,157050,42288],{},[195,157052,123315,157053,157055],{},[15,157054,42288],{}," is documented in Python",[30,157057,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,157059,157061],{"id":157060},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157063,172,157064,157067],{},[15,157065,157066],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1960,157069,1963,157071,149101],{"id":157070},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157072,42288],{},[20,157074,46294,157075,157077],{},[15,157076,42288],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1960,157079,157081],{"id":157080},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157083,157084,157085,108],{},"The length is ",[15,157086,2237],{},[1960,157088,157090],{"id":157089},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157092,150787,157093,157095],{},[15,157094,150790],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1960,157097,1963,157099,157101],{"id":157098},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157100,42288],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157103,157104],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,157106,2020],{"id":2019},[192,157108,157109,157115,157119,157123,157127],{},[195,157110,157111],{},[395,157112,3697,157113,3630],{"href":42285},[15,157114,42288],{},[195,157116,157117],{},[395,157118,156016],{"href":147927},[195,157120,157121],{},[395,157122,149597],{"href":149596},[195,157124,157125],{},[395,157126,150841],{"href":150840},[195,157128,157129],{},[395,157130,157131],{"href":149227},"What is a tuple in Python",[2048,157133,157134],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":157136},[157137,157138,157139,157146,157152,157161,157167,157168,157177],{"id":15247,"depth":102,"text":15248},{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":155504,"depth":102,"text":157140,"children":157141},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157142,157143,157144,157145],{"id":155516,"depth":150,"text":155517},{"id":155583,"depth":150,"text":155584},{"id":155628,"depth":150,"text":155629},{"id":155677,"depth":150,"text":155678},{"id":155766,"depth":102,"text":155767,"children":157147},[157148,157149,157150,157151],{"id":155770,"depth":150,"text":155771},{"id":155845,"depth":150,"text":155584},{"id":155887,"depth":150,"text":155888},{"id":156021,"depth":150,"text":156022},{"id":156105,"depth":102,"text":156106,"children":157153},[157154,157156,157158,157159],{"id":156109,"depth":150,"text":157155},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156247,"depth":150,"text":157157},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156323,"depth":150,"text":156324},{"id":156458,"depth":150,"text":157160},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156586,"depth":102,"text":156587,"children":157162},[157163,157164,157165,157166],{"id":156595,"depth":150,"text":156596},{"id":156668,"depth":150,"text":156669},{"id":156749,"depth":150,"text":156750},{"id":156837,"depth":150,"text":156838},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":157169},[157170,157171,157173,157174,157175],{"id":157060,"depth":150,"text":157061},{"id":157070,"depth":150,"text":157172},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157080,"depth":150,"text":157081},{"id":157089,"depth":150,"text":157090},{"id":157098,"depth":150,"text":157176},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155288,"description":157178},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157185,"title":157186,"body":157187,"description":159572,"extension":2080,"meta":159573,"navigation":682,"path":159574,"seo":159575,"stem":159576,"__hash__":159577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157188,"toc":159533},[157189,157192,157195,157198,157221,157227,157229,157340,157344,157347,157357,157359,157458,157460,157537,157543,157547,157550,157573,157576,157593,157596,157598,157661,157663,157680,157691,157696,157698,157701,157707,157758,157760,157780,157784,157835,157837,157858,157862,157917,157919,157940,157944,157999,158001,158022,158026,158079,158081,158110,158112,158114,158117,158121,158178,158180,158201,158205,158258,158260,158285,158290,158294,158299,158317,158320,158383,158385,158406,158409,158470,158472,158493,158496,158539,158542,158546,158551,158555,158634,158636,158667,158671,158746,158748,158775,158779,158826,158828,158836,158841,158845,158848,158863,158865,158953,158955,158980,158983,159026,159035,159037,159040,159055,159058,159062,159116,159118,159138,159143,159147,159149,159187,159190,159240,159244,159317,159319,159356,159359,159361,159364,159384,159387,159456,159458,159471,159473,159477,159480,159484,159487,159492,159495,159501,159506,159508,159530],[10,157190,157186],{"id":157191},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157193,157194],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157196,157197],{},"Use this format:",[35,157199,157201],{"className":37,"code":157200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157202,157203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157204,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217,157219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157206,48883],{"class":50},[44,157208,4027],{"class":58},[44,157210,35995],{"class":50},[44,157212,72],{"class":58},[44,157214,75361],{"class":50},[44,157216,72],{"class":58},[44,157218,75364],{"class":50},[44,157220,3759],{"class":58},[20,157222,22,157223,75397,157225,108],{},[15,157224,75361],{},[3868,157226,65004],{},[30,157228,33],{"id":32},[35,157230,157232],{"className":37,"code":157231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157233,157234,157262,157266,157287,157304,157321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157235,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157237,3741],{"class":50},[44,157239,55],{"class":54},[44,157241,857],{"class":58},[44,157243,2448],{"class":95},[44,157245,83],{"class":58},[44,157247,96],{"class":95},[44,157249,83],{"class":58},[44,157251,7925],{"class":95},[44,157253,83],{"class":58},[44,157255,50774],{"class":95},[44,157257,83],{"class":58},[44,157259,5211],{"class":95},[44,157261,162],{"class":58},[44,157263,157264],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157265,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157267,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157269,154],{"class":153},[44,157271,157],{"class":58},[44,157273,3773],{"class":111},[44,157275,4027],{"class":58},[44,157277,3108],{"class":95},[44,157279,72],{"class":58},[44,157281,2623],{"class":95},[44,157283,20518],{"class":58},[44,157285,157286],{"class":168},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,157288,157289,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,157290,154],{"class":153},[44,157292,157],{"class":58},[44,157294,3773],{"class":111},[44,157296,75470],{"class":58},[44,157298,2179],{"class":95},[44,157300,20518],{"class":58},[44,157302,157303],{"class":168},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,157305,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,157307,154],{"class":153},[44,157309,157],{"class":58},[44,157311,3773],{"class":111},[44,157313,74057],{"class":58},[44,157315,2173],{"class":95},[44,157317,20518],{"class":58},[44,157319,157320],{"class":168},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157322,157323,157325,157327,157329,157331,157333,157335,157337],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,157324,154],{"class":153},[44,157326,157],{"class":58},[44,157328,3773],{"class":111},[44,157330,74057],{"class":58},[44,157332,2138],{"class":54},[44,157334,3108],{"class":95},[44,157336,20518],{"class":58},[44,157338,157339],{"class":168},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157341,157343],{"id":157342},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157345,157346],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[192,157348,157349,157351,157354],{},[195,157350,75664],{},[195,157352,157353],{},"The result is a new tuple",[195,157355,157356],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157358,223],{},[35,157360,157362],{"className":37,"code":157361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157363,157364,157412,157416,157434,157438,157448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157365,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157367,36013],{"class":50},[44,157369,55],{"class":54},[44,157371,857],{"class":58},[44,157373,63],{"class":62},[44,157375,395],{"class":66},[44,157377,63],{"class":62},[44,157379,83],{"class":58},[44,157381,75],{"class":62},[44,157383,1005],{"class":66},[44,157385,63],{"class":62},[44,157387,83],{"class":58},[44,157389,75],{"class":62},[44,157391,9855],{"class":66},[44,157393,63],{"class":62},[44,157395,83],{"class":58},[44,157397,75],{"class":62},[44,157399,18844],{"class":66},[44,157401,63],{"class":62},[44,157403,83],{"class":58},[44,157405,75],{"class":62},[44,157407,60381],{"class":66},[44,157409,63],{"class":62},[44,157411,162],{"class":58},[44,157413,157414],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157415,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157417,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157419,75594],{"class":50},[44,157421,55],{"class":54},[44,157423,70031],{"class":50},[44,157425,4027],{"class":58},[44,157427,3108],{"class":95},[44,157429,72],{"class":58},[44,157431,2623],{"class":95},[44,157433,3759],{"class":58},[44,157435,157436],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,157437,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157439,157440,157442,157444,157446],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,157441,154],{"class":153},[44,157443,157],{"class":58},[44,157445,75617],{"class":111},[44,157447,162],{"class":58},[44,157449,157450,157452,157454,157456],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,157451,154],{"class":153},[44,157453,157],{"class":58},[44,157455,36066],{"class":111},[44,157457,162],{"class":58},[20,157459,330],{},[35,157461,157463],{"className":37,"code":157462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157464,157465,157493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157466,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157468,157],{"class":58},[44,157470,343],{"class":62},[44,157472,1005],{"class":66},[44,157474,343],{"class":62},[44,157476,83],{"class":58},[44,157478,352],{"class":62},[44,157480,9855],{"class":66},[44,157482,343],{"class":62},[44,157484,83],{"class":58},[44,157486,352],{"class":62},[44,157488,18844],{"class":66},[44,157490,343],{"class":62},[44,157492,162],{"class":58},[44,157494,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157496,157],{"class":58},[44,157498,343],{"class":62},[44,157500,395],{"class":66},[44,157502,343],{"class":62},[44,157504,83],{"class":58},[44,157506,352],{"class":62},[44,157508,1005],{"class":66},[44,157510,343],{"class":62},[44,157512,83],{"class":58},[44,157514,352],{"class":62},[44,157516,9855],{"class":66},[44,157518,343],{"class":62},[44,157520,83],{"class":58},[44,157522,352],{"class":62},[44,157524,18844],{"class":66},[44,157526,343],{"class":62},[44,157528,83],{"class":58},[44,157530,352],{"class":62},[44,157532,60381],{"class":66},[44,157534,343],{"class":62},[44,157536,162],{"class":58},[20,157538,157539,157540,108],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[395,157541,147924],{"href":157542},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157544,157546],{"id":157545},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157548,157549],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157551,157553],{"className":37,"code":157552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157554,157555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157556,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157558,147942],{"class":50},[44,157560,4027],{"class":58},[44,157562,35995],{"class":50},[44,157564,72],{"class":58},[44,157566,75361],{"class":50},[44,157568,72],{"class":58},[44,157570,75364],{"class":50},[44,157572,3759],{"class":58},[20,157574,157575],{},"Each part has a job:",[192,157577,157578,157583,157588],{},[195,157579,157580,157582],{},[15,157581,35995],{},": where slicing begins",[195,157584,157585,157587],{},[15,157586,75361],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[195,157589,157590,157592],{},[15,157591,75364],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157594,157595],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157597,223],{},[35,157599,157601],{"className":37,"code":157600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157602,157603,157635,157639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157604,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157606,3741],{"class":50},[44,157608,55],{"class":54},[44,157610,857],{"class":58},[44,157612,2448],{"class":95},[44,157614,83],{"class":58},[44,157616,96],{"class":95},[44,157618,83],{"class":58},[44,157620,7925],{"class":95},[44,157622,83],{"class":58},[44,157624,50774],{"class":95},[44,157626,83],{"class":58},[44,157628,5211],{"class":95},[44,157630,83],{"class":58},[44,157632,76035],{"class":95},[44,157634,162],{"class":58},[44,157636,157637],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157638,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157640,157641,157643,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157642,154],{"class":153},[44,157644,157],{"class":58},[44,157646,3773],{"class":111},[44,157648,4027],{"class":58},[44,157650,3108],{"class":95},[44,157652,72],{"class":58},[44,157654,2254],{"class":95},[44,157656,72],{"class":58},[44,157658,2173],{"class":95},[44,157660,4015],{"class":58},[20,157662,330],{},[35,157664,157666],{"className":37,"code":157665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157667,157668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157669,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157671,157],{"class":58},[44,157673,15839],{"class":95},[44,157675,83],{"class":58},[44,157677,50774],{"class":95},[44,157679,162],{"class":58},[20,157681,157682,157683,157685,157686,157688,157689,108],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157684,3108],{},", stops before index ",[15,157687,2254],{},", and moves by ",[15,157690,2173],{},[20,157692,157693,157694,108],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[395,157695,149597],{"href":153023},[30,157697,75951],{"id":75950},[20,157699,157700],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1960,157702,157704,157705,6095],{"id":157703},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157706,75965],{},[35,157708,157710],{"className":37,"code":157709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157711,157712,157740,157744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157713,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157715,3741],{"class":50},[44,157717,55],{"class":54},[44,157719,857],{"class":58},[44,157721,2448],{"class":95},[44,157723,83],{"class":58},[44,157725,96],{"class":95},[44,157727,83],{"class":58},[44,157729,7925],{"class":95},[44,157731,83],{"class":58},[44,157733,50774],{"class":95},[44,157735,83],{"class":58},[44,157737,5211],{"class":95},[44,157739,162],{"class":58},[44,157741,157742],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157743,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157745,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754,157756],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157747,154],{"class":153},[44,157749,157],{"class":58},[44,157751,3773],{"class":111},[44,157753,75470],{"class":58},[44,157755,2179],{"class":95},[44,157757,4015],{"class":58},[20,157759,330],{},[35,157761,157762],{"className":37,"code":151289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157763,157764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157765,157766,157768,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157767,157],{"class":58},[44,157769,2448],{"class":95},[44,157771,83],{"class":58},[44,157773,96],{"class":95},[44,157775,83],{"class":58},[44,157777,7925],{"class":95},[44,157779,162],{"class":58},[1960,157781,157783],{"id":157782},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157785,157787],{"className":37,"code":157786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157788,157789,157817,157821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157790,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157792,3741],{"class":50},[44,157794,55],{"class":54},[44,157796,857],{"class":58},[44,157798,2448],{"class":95},[44,157800,83],{"class":58},[44,157802,96],{"class":95},[44,157804,83],{"class":58},[44,157806,7925],{"class":95},[44,157808,83],{"class":58},[44,157810,50774],{"class":95},[44,157812,83],{"class":58},[44,157814,5211],{"class":95},[44,157816,162],{"class":58},[44,157818,157819],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157820,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157822,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157824,154],{"class":153},[44,157826,157],{"class":58},[44,157828,3773],{"class":111},[44,157830,4027],{"class":58},[44,157832,2173],{"class":95},[44,157834,77651],{"class":58},[20,157836,330],{},[35,157838,157840],{"className":37,"code":157839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157841,157842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157843,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157845,157],{"class":58},[44,157847,36765],{"class":95},[44,157849,83],{"class":58},[44,157851,50774],{"class":95},[44,157853,83],{"class":58},[44,157855,5211],{"class":95},[44,157857,162],{"class":58},[1960,157859,157861],{"id":157860},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157863,157865],{"className":37,"code":157864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157866,157867,157895,157899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157868,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157870,3741],{"class":50},[44,157872,55],{"class":54},[44,157874,857],{"class":58},[44,157876,2448],{"class":95},[44,157878,83],{"class":58},[44,157880,96],{"class":95},[44,157882,83],{"class":58},[44,157884,7925],{"class":95},[44,157886,83],{"class":58},[44,157888,50774],{"class":95},[44,157890,83],{"class":58},[44,157892,5211],{"class":95},[44,157894,162],{"class":58},[44,157896,157897],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157898,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157900,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157902,154],{"class":153},[44,157904,157],{"class":58},[44,157906,3773],{"class":111},[44,157908,4027],{"class":58},[44,157910,3108],{"class":95},[44,157912,72],{"class":58},[44,157914,2623],{"class":95},[44,157916,4015],{"class":58},[20,157918,330],{},[35,157920,157922],{"className":37,"code":157921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157923,157924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157925,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157927,157],{"class":58},[44,157929,15839],{"class":95},[44,157931,83],{"class":58},[44,157933,7925],{"class":95},[44,157935,83],{"class":58},[44,157937,50774],{"class":95},[44,157939,162],{"class":58},[1960,157941,157943],{"id":157942},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157945,157947],{"className":37,"code":157946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157948,157949,157981,157985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157950,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157952,3741],{"class":50},[44,157954,55],{"class":54},[44,157956,857],{"class":58},[44,157958,2448],{"class":95},[44,157960,83],{"class":58},[44,157962,96],{"class":95},[44,157964,83],{"class":58},[44,157966,7925],{"class":95},[44,157968,83],{"class":58},[44,157970,50774],{"class":95},[44,157972,83],{"class":58},[44,157974,5211],{"class":95},[44,157976,83],{"class":58},[44,157978,76035],{"class":95},[44,157980,162],{"class":58},[44,157982,157983],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,157984,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,157986,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,157988,154],{"class":153},[44,157990,157],{"class":58},[44,157992,3773],{"class":111},[44,157994,74057],{"class":58},[44,157996,2173],{"class":95},[44,157998,4015],{"class":58},[20,158000,330],{},[35,158002,158004],{"className":37,"code":158003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158005,158006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158007,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158009,157],{"class":58},[44,158011,2448],{"class":95},[44,158013,83],{"class":58},[44,158015,7925],{"class":95},[44,158017,83],{"class":58},[44,158019,5211],{"class":95},[44,158021,162],{"class":58},[1960,158023,158025],{"id":158024},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,158027,158029],{"className":37,"code":158028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158030,158031,158059,158063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158032,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158034,3741],{"class":50},[44,158036,55],{"class":54},[44,158038,857],{"class":58},[44,158040,2448],{"class":95},[44,158042,83],{"class":58},[44,158044,96],{"class":95},[44,158046,83],{"class":58},[44,158048,7925],{"class":95},[44,158050,83],{"class":58},[44,158052,50774],{"class":95},[44,158054,83],{"class":58},[44,158056,5211],{"class":95},[44,158058,162],{"class":58},[44,158060,158061],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158062,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158064,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158066,154],{"class":153},[44,158068,157],{"class":58},[44,158070,3773],{"class":111},[44,158072,74057],{"class":58},[44,158074,2138],{"class":54},[44,158076,3108],{"class":95},[44,158078,4015],{"class":58},[20,158080,330],{},[35,158082,158084],{"className":37,"code":158083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158085,158086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158087,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102,158104,158106,158108],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158089,157],{"class":58},[44,158091,76729],{"class":95},[44,158093,83],{"class":58},[44,158095,50774],{"class":95},[44,158097,83],{"class":58},[44,158099,7925],{"class":95},[44,158101,83],{"class":58},[44,158103,96],{"class":95},[44,158105,83],{"class":58},[44,158107,528],{"class":95},[44,158109,162],{"class":58},[30,158111,76245],{"id":76244},[20,158113,154296],{},[20,158115,158116],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1960,158118,158120],{"id":158119},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,158122,158124],{"className":37,"code":158123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158125,158126,158158,158162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158127,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158129,3741],{"class":50},[44,158131,55],{"class":54},[44,158133,857],{"class":58},[44,158135,2448],{"class":95},[44,158137,83],{"class":58},[44,158139,96],{"class":95},[44,158141,83],{"class":58},[44,158143,7925],{"class":95},[44,158145,83],{"class":58},[44,158147,50774],{"class":95},[44,158149,83],{"class":58},[44,158151,5211],{"class":95},[44,158153,83],{"class":58},[44,158155,76035],{"class":95},[44,158157,162],{"class":58},[44,158159,158160],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158161,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158163,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158165,154],{"class":153},[44,158167,157],{"class":58},[44,158169,3773],{"class":111},[44,158171,4027],{"class":58},[44,158173,2138],{"class":54},[44,158175,2179],{"class":95},[44,158177,77651],{"class":58},[20,158179,330],{},[35,158181,158183],{"className":37,"code":158182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158184,158185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158186,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158188,157],{"class":58},[44,158190,56625],{"class":95},[44,158192,83],{"class":58},[44,158194,5211],{"class":95},[44,158196,83],{"class":58},[44,158198,76035],{"class":95},[44,158200,162],{"class":58},[1960,158202,158204],{"id":158203},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,158206,158208],{"className":37,"code":158207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158209,158210,158238,158242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158211,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158213,3741],{"class":50},[44,158215,55],{"class":54},[44,158217,857],{"class":58},[44,158219,2448],{"class":95},[44,158221,83],{"class":58},[44,158223,96],{"class":95},[44,158225,83],{"class":58},[44,158227,7925],{"class":95},[44,158229,83],{"class":58},[44,158231,50774],{"class":95},[44,158233,83],{"class":58},[44,158235,5211],{"class":95},[44,158237,162],{"class":58},[44,158239,158240],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158241,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158243,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158245,154],{"class":153},[44,158247,157],{"class":58},[44,158249,3773],{"class":111},[44,158251,75470],{"class":58},[44,158253,2138],{"class":54},[44,158255,3108],{"class":95},[44,158257,4015],{"class":58},[20,158259,330],{},[35,158261,158263],{"className":37,"code":158262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158264,158265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158266,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158268,157],{"class":58},[44,158270,2448],{"class":95},[44,158272,83],{"class":58},[44,158274,96],{"class":95},[44,158276,83],{"class":58},[44,158278,7925],{"class":95},[44,158280,83],{"class":58},[44,158282,50774],{"class":95},[44,158284,162],{"class":58},[20,158286,158287,158288,108],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[395,158289,150846],{"href":157180},[30,158291,158293],{"id":158292},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158295,22,158296,158298],{},[15,158297,75364],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[192,158300,158301,158303,158305,158311],{},[195,158302,76501],{},[195,158304,76504],{},[195,158306,158307,158310],{},[15,158308,158309],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[195,158312,158313,158314,158316],{},"A step of ",[15,158315,2237],{}," is not allowed",[20,158318,158319],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,158321,158323],{"className":37,"code":158322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158324,158325,158357,158361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158326,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158328,3741],{"class":50},[44,158330,55],{"class":54},[44,158332,857],{"class":58},[44,158334,2448],{"class":95},[44,158336,83],{"class":58},[44,158338,96],{"class":95},[44,158340,83],{"class":58},[44,158342,7925],{"class":95},[44,158344,83],{"class":58},[44,158346,50774],{"class":95},[44,158348,83],{"class":58},[44,158350,5211],{"class":95},[44,158352,83],{"class":58},[44,158354,76035],{"class":95},[44,158356,162],{"class":58},[44,158358,158359],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158360,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158362,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379,158381],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158364,154],{"class":153},[44,158366,157],{"class":58},[44,158368,3773],{"class":111},[44,158370,4027],{"class":58},[44,158372,3108],{"class":95},[44,158374,72],{"class":58},[44,158376,80529],{"class":95},[44,158378,72],{"class":58},[44,158380,2173],{"class":95},[44,158382,4015],{"class":58},[20,158384,330],{},[35,158386,158388],{"className":37,"code":158387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158389,158390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158391,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158393,157],{"class":58},[44,158395,15839],{"class":95},[44,158397,83],{"class":58},[44,158399,50774],{"class":95},[44,158401,83],{"class":58},[44,158403,76035],{"class":95},[44,158405,162],{"class":58},[20,158407,158408],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,158410,158412],{"className":37,"code":158411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158413,158414,158442,158446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158415,158416,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426,158428,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158417,3741],{"class":50},[44,158419,55],{"class":54},[44,158421,857],{"class":58},[44,158423,2448],{"class":95},[44,158425,83],{"class":58},[44,158427,96],{"class":95},[44,158429,83],{"class":58},[44,158431,7925],{"class":95},[44,158433,83],{"class":58},[44,158435,50774],{"class":95},[44,158437,83],{"class":58},[44,158439,5211],{"class":95},[44,158441,162],{"class":58},[44,158443,158444],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158445,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158447,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466,158468],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158449,154],{"class":153},[44,158451,157],{"class":58},[44,158453,3773],{"class":111},[44,158455,4027],{"class":58},[44,158457,2623],{"class":95},[44,158459,72],{"class":58},[44,158461,3108],{"class":95},[44,158463,72],{"class":58},[44,158465,2138],{"class":54},[44,158467,3108],{"class":95},[44,158469,4015],{"class":58},[20,158471,330],{},[35,158473,158475],{"className":37,"code":158474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158476,158477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158478,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158480,157],{"class":58},[44,158482,76729],{"class":95},[44,158484,83],{"class":58},[44,158486,50774],{"class":95},[44,158488,83],{"class":58},[44,158490,7925],{"class":95},[44,158492,162],{"class":58},[20,158494,158495],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158497,158499],{"className":37,"code":158498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158500,158501,158521,158525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158502,158503,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158504,3741],{"class":50},[44,158506,55],{"class":54},[44,158508,857],{"class":58},[44,158510,2448],{"class":95},[44,158512,83],{"class":58},[44,158514,96],{"class":95},[44,158516,83],{"class":58},[44,158518,7925],{"class":95},[44,158520,162],{"class":58},[44,158522,158523],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158524,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158526,158527,158529,158531,158533,158535,158537],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158528,154],{"class":153},[44,158530,157],{"class":58},[44,158532,3773],{"class":111},[44,158534,74057],{"class":58},[44,158536,2237],{"class":95},[44,158538,4015],{"class":58},[20,158540,158541],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158543,158545],{"id":158544},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158547,158548,158549,33661],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3868,158550,48883],{},[1960,158552,158554],{"id":158553},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158556,158558],{"className":37,"code":158557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158559,158560,158584,158588,158606,158610,158620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158561,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158563,3741],{"class":50},[44,158565,55],{"class":54},[44,158567,857],{"class":58},[44,158569,2448],{"class":95},[44,158571,83],{"class":58},[44,158573,96],{"class":95},[44,158575,83],{"class":58},[44,158577,7925],{"class":95},[44,158579,83],{"class":58},[44,158581,50774],{"class":95},[44,158583,162],{"class":58},[44,158585,158586],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158587,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158589,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158591,1340],{"class":50},[44,158593,55],{"class":54},[44,158595,4392],{"class":50},[44,158597,4027],{"class":58},[44,158599,3108],{"class":95},[44,158601,72],{"class":58},[44,158603,2179],{"class":95},[44,158605,3759],{"class":58},[44,158607,158608],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,158609,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158611,158612,158614,158616,158618],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,158613,154],{"class":153},[44,158615,157],{"class":58},[44,158617,1376],{"class":111},[44,158619,162],{"class":58},[44,158621,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,158623,154],{"class":153},[44,158625,157],{"class":58},[44,158627,1862],{"class":1861},[44,158629,157],{"class":58},[44,158631,1376],{"class":111},[44,158633,1869],{"class":58},[20,158635,330],{},[35,158637,158639],{"className":37,"code":158638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158640,158641,158653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158642,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158644,157],{"class":58},[44,158646,15839],{"class":95},[44,158648,83],{"class":58},[44,158650,7925],{"class":95},[44,158652,162],{"class":58},[44,158654,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663,158665],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158656,3411],{"class":54},[44,158658,3414],{"class":2182},[44,158660,352],{"class":62},[44,158662,48883],{"class":66},[44,158664,343],{"class":62},[44,158666,3423],{"class":54},[1960,158668,158670],{"id":158669},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158672,158674],{"className":37,"code":158673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158675,158676,158696,158700,158718,158722,158732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158677,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158679,3741],{"class":50},[44,158681,55],{"class":54},[44,158683,857],{"class":58},[44,158685,2448],{"class":95},[44,158687,83],{"class":58},[44,158689,96],{"class":95},[44,158691,83],{"class":58},[44,158693,7925],{"class":95},[44,158695,162],{"class":58},[44,158697,158698],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158699,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158701,158702,158704,158706,158708,158710,158712,158714,158716],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158703,1340],{"class":50},[44,158705,55],{"class":54},[44,158707,4392],{"class":50},[44,158709,4027],{"class":58},[44,158711,3108],{"class":95},[44,158713,72],{"class":58},[44,158715,2173],{"class":95},[44,158717,3759],{"class":58},[44,158719,158720],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,158721,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158723,158724,158726,158728,158730],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,158725,154],{"class":153},[44,158727,157],{"class":58},[44,158729,1376],{"class":111},[44,158731,162],{"class":58},[44,158733,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,158735,154],{"class":153},[44,158737,157],{"class":58},[44,158739,1862],{"class":1861},[44,158741,157],{"class":58},[44,158743,1376],{"class":111},[44,158745,1869],{"class":58},[20,158747,330],{},[35,158749,158751],{"className":37,"code":158750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158752,158753,158761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158754,158755,158757,158759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158756,157],{"class":58},[44,158758,15839],{"class":95},[44,158760,149280],{"class":58},[44,158762,158763,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158764,3411],{"class":54},[44,158766,3414],{"class":2182},[44,158768,352],{"class":62},[44,158770,48883],{"class":66},[44,158772,343],{"class":62},[44,158774,3423],{"class":54},[1960,158776,158778],{"id":158777},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158780,158782],{"className":37,"code":158781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158783,158784,158804,158808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158787,3741],{"class":50},[44,158789,55],{"class":54},[44,158791,857],{"class":58},[44,158793,2448],{"class":95},[44,158795,83],{"class":58},[44,158797,96],{"class":95},[44,158799,83],{"class":58},[44,158801,7925],{"class":95},[44,158803,162],{"class":58},[44,158805,158806],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158807,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158809,158810,158812,158814,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158811,154],{"class":153},[44,158813,157],{"class":58},[44,158815,3773],{"class":111},[44,158817,4027],{"class":58},[44,158819,2254],{"class":95},[44,158821,72],{"class":58},[44,158823,2463],{"class":95},[44,158825,4015],{"class":58},[20,158827,330],{},[35,158829,158830],{"className":37,"code":1635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158831,158832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158833,158834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158835,1635],{"class":58},[20,158837,158838,158839,108],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[395,158840,156016],{"href":150903},[30,158842,158844],{"id":158843},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158846,158847],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[192,158849,158850,158852,158855,158860],{},[195,158851,76810],{},[195,158853,158854],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[195,158856,158857,158858],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158859,70666],{},[195,158861,158862],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158864,223],{},[35,158866,158868],{"className":37,"code":158867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158869,158870,158890,158894,158911,158932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158871,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158873,3741],{"class":50},[44,158875,55],{"class":54},[44,158877,857],{"class":58},[44,158879,2448],{"class":95},[44,158881,83],{"class":58},[44,158883,96],{"class":95},[44,158885,83],{"class":58},[44,158887,7925],{"class":95},[44,158889,162],{"class":58},[44,158891,158892],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158893,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,158895,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158897,154],{"class":153},[44,158899,157],{"class":58},[44,158901,3773],{"class":111},[44,158903,4027],{"class":58},[44,158905,3108],{"class":95},[44,158907,20518],{"class":58},[44,158909,158910],{"class":168},"    # one item\n",[44,158912,158913,158915,158917,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,158914,154],{"class":153},[44,158916,157],{"class":58},[44,158918,3773],{"class":111},[44,158920,4027],{"class":58},[44,158922,3108],{"class":95},[44,158924,72],{"class":58},[44,158926,2254],{"class":95},[44,158928,20518],{"class":58},[44,158930,158931],{"class":168},"  # slice\n",[44,158933,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,158935,154],{"class":153},[44,158937,157],{"class":58},[44,158939,3773],{"class":111},[44,158941,4027],{"class":58},[44,158943,2254],{"class":95},[44,158945,72],{"class":58},[44,158947,2463],{"class":95},[44,158949,20518],{"class":58},[44,158951,158952],{"class":168},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158954,330],{},[35,158956,158958],{"className":37,"code":158957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158959,158960,158964,158976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158961,158962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158963,71159],{"class":95},[44,158965,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,158967,157],{"class":58},[44,158969,15839],{"class":95},[44,158971,83],{"class":58},[44,158973,7925],{"class":95},[44,158975,162],{"class":58},[44,158977,158978],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,158979,1635],{"class":58},[20,158981,158982],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158984,158986],{"className":37,"code":158985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158987,158988,159008,159012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158989,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158991,3741],{"class":50},[44,158993,55],{"class":54},[44,158995,857],{"class":58},[44,158997,2448],{"class":95},[44,158999,83],{"class":58},[44,159001,96],{"class":95},[44,159003,83],{"class":58},[44,159005,7925],{"class":95},[44,159007,162],{"class":58},[44,159009,159010],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159011,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159013,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159015,154],{"class":153},[44,159017,157],{"class":58},[44,159019,3773],{"class":111},[44,159021,4027],{"class":58},[44,159023,2254],{"class":95},[44,159025,4015],{"class":58},[20,159027,159028,159029,159031,159032,108],{},"This raises an ",[15,159030,70666],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[395,159033,154769],{"href":159034},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,159036,15262],{"id":77077},[20,159038,159039],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[192,159041,159042,159045,159047,159050],{},[195,159043,159044],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[195,159046,60626],{},[195,159048,159049],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[195,159051,159052,159053],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159054,2237],{},[20,159056,159057],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1960,159059,159061],{"id":159060},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,159063,159064],{"className":37,"code":157864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159065,159066,159094,159098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159067,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084,159086,159088,159090,159092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159069,3741],{"class":50},[44,159071,55],{"class":54},[44,159073,857],{"class":58},[44,159075,2448],{"class":95},[44,159077,83],{"class":58},[44,159079,96],{"class":95},[44,159081,83],{"class":58},[44,159083,7925],{"class":95},[44,159085,83],{"class":58},[44,159087,50774],{"class":95},[44,159089,83],{"class":58},[44,159091,5211],{"class":95},[44,159093,162],{"class":58},[44,159095,159096],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159097,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159099,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159101,154],{"class":153},[44,159103,157],{"class":58},[44,159105,3773],{"class":111},[44,159107,4027],{"class":58},[44,159109,3108],{"class":95},[44,159111,72],{"class":58},[44,159113,2623],{"class":95},[44,159115,4015],{"class":58},[20,159117,330],{},[35,159119,159120],{"className":37,"code":157921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159121,159122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159123,159124,159126,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159125,157],{"class":58},[44,159127,15839],{"class":95},[44,159129,83],{"class":58},[44,159131,7925],{"class":95},[44,159133,83],{"class":58},[44,159135,50774],{"class":95},[44,159137,162],{"class":58},[20,159139,132348,159140,159142],{},[15,159141,2623],{}," is not included.",[1960,159144,159146],{"id":159145},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159148,4656],{},[35,159150,159152],{"className":37,"code":159151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159153,159154,159178,159182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159155,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159157,3741],{"class":50},[44,159159,55],{"class":54},[44,159161,857],{"class":58},[44,159163,2448],{"class":95},[44,159165,83],{"class":58},[44,159167,96],{"class":95},[44,159169,83],{"class":58},[44,159171,7925],{"class":95},[44,159173,83],{"class":58},[44,159175,50774],{"class":95},[44,159177,162],{"class":58},[44,159179,159180],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159181,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159183,159184],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159185,159186],{"class":168},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159188,159189],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,159191,159192],{"className":37,"code":154849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159193,159194,159218,159222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159195,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159197,3741],{"class":50},[44,159199,55],{"class":54},[44,159201,857],{"class":58},[44,159203,2448],{"class":95},[44,159205,83],{"class":58},[44,159207,96],{"class":95},[44,159209,83],{"class":58},[44,159211,7925],{"class":95},[44,159213,83],{"class":58},[44,159215,50774],{"class":95},[44,159217,162],{"class":58},[44,159219,159220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159221,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159223,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159225,154],{"class":153},[44,159227,157],{"class":58},[44,159229,3773],{"class":111},[44,159231,4027],{"class":58},[44,159233,3108],{"class":95},[44,159235,72],{"class":58},[44,159237,2179],{"class":95},[44,159239,4015],{"class":58},[1960,159241,159243],{"id":159242},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,159245,159247],{"className":37,"code":159246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159248,159249,159273,159277,159292,159296,159307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159250,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261,159263,159265,159267,159269,159271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159252,3741],{"class":50},[44,159254,55],{"class":54},[44,159256,857],{"class":58},[44,159258,2448],{"class":95},[44,159260,83],{"class":58},[44,159262,96],{"class":95},[44,159264,83],{"class":58},[44,159266,7925],{"class":95},[44,159268,83],{"class":58},[44,159270,50774],{"class":95},[44,159272,162],{"class":58},[44,159274,159275],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159276,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159278,159279,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159280,159281],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,159283,55],{"class":54},[44,159285,4392],{"class":50},[44,159287,75470],{"class":58},[44,159289,2173],{"class":95},[44,159291,3759],{"class":58},[44,159293,159294],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,159295,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159297,159298,159300,159302,159305],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,159299,154],{"class":153},[44,159301,157],{"class":58},[44,159303,159304],{"class":111},"slice_result",[44,159306,162],{"class":58},[44,159308,159309,159311,159313,159315],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,159310,154],{"class":153},[44,159312,157],{"class":58},[44,159314,3773],{"class":111},[44,159316,162],{"class":58},[20,159318,330],{},[35,159320,159322],{"className":37,"code":159321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159323,159324,159336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159325,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159327,157],{"class":58},[44,159329,2448],{"class":95},[44,159331,83],{"class":58},[44,159333,96],{"class":95},[44,159335,162],{"class":58},[44,159337,159338,159340,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352,159354],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159339,157],{"class":58},[44,159341,2448],{"class":95},[44,159343,83],{"class":58},[44,159345,96],{"class":95},[44,159347,83],{"class":58},[44,159349,7925],{"class":95},[44,159351,83],{"class":58},[44,159353,50774],{"class":95},[44,159355,162],{"class":58},[20,159357,159358],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,159360,113662],{"id":113661},[20,159362,159363],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[192,159365,159366,159369,159372,159378,159381],{},[195,159367,159368],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[195,159370,159371],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[195,159373,159374,159375],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159376,159377],{},"tuple[::0]",[195,159379,159380],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[195,159382,159383],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159385,159386],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,159388,159390],{"className":37,"code":159389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159391,159392,159402,159420,159442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159393,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159395,154],{"class":153},[44,159397,157],{"class":58},[44,159399,147942],{"class":111},[44,159401,162],{"class":58},[44,159403,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159405,154],{"class":153},[44,159407,157],{"class":58},[44,159409,147942],{"class":111},[44,159411,4027],{"class":58},[44,159413,3108],{"class":95},[44,159415,72],{"class":58},[44,159417,2623],{"class":95},[44,159419,4015],{"class":58},[44,159421,159422,159424,159426,159428,159430,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159423,154],{"class":153},[44,159425,157],{"class":58},[44,159427,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159429,157],{"class":58},[44,159431,147942],{"class":111},[44,159433,4027],{"class":58},[44,159435,3108],{"class":95},[44,159437,72],{"class":58},[44,159439,2623],{"class":95},[44,159441,3119],{"class":58},[44,159443,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,159445,154],{"class":153},[44,159447,157],{"class":58},[44,159449,11271],{"class":153},[44,159451,157],{"class":58},[44,159453,147942],{"class":111},[44,159455,1869],{"class":58},[20,159457,11280],{},[192,159459,159460,159462,159465,159468],{},[195,159461,155156],{},[195,159463,159464],{},"what the slice actually returns",[195,159466,159467],{},"that the result is a tuple",[195,159469,159470],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159472,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,159474,159476],{"id":159475},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159478,159479],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1960,159481,159483],{"id":159482},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159485,159486],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1960,159488,5273,159490,39886],{"id":159489},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159491,158309],{},[20,159493,159494],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1960,159496,159498,159499,2610],{"id":159497},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159500,70666],{},[20,159502,159503,159504,108],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159505,70666],{},[30,159507,2020],{"id":2019},[192,159509,159510,159514,159518,159522,159526],{},[195,159511,159512],{},[395,159513,156016],{"href":150903},[195,159515,159516],{},[395,159517,149597],{"href":153023},[195,159519,159520],{},[395,159521,150846],{"href":157180},[195,159523,159524],{},[395,159525,147924],{"href":157542},[195,159527,159528],{},[395,159529,154769],{"href":159034},[2048,159531,159532],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":159534},[159535,159536,159537,159538,159546,159550,159551,159556,159557,159562,159563,159571],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":157342,"depth":102,"text":157343},{"id":157545,"depth":102,"text":157546},{"id":75950,"depth":102,"text":75951,"children":159539},[159540,159542,159543,159544,159545],{"id":157703,"depth":150,"text":159541},"Get the first n items",{"id":157782,"depth":150,"text":157783},{"id":157860,"depth":150,"text":157861},{"id":157942,"depth":150,"text":157943},{"id":158024,"depth":150,"text":158025},{"id":76244,"depth":102,"text":76245,"children":159547},[159548,159549],{"id":158119,"depth":150,"text":158120},{"id":158203,"depth":150,"text":158204},{"id":158292,"depth":102,"text":158293},{"id":158544,"depth":102,"text":158545,"children":159552},[159553,159554,159555],{"id":158553,"depth":150,"text":158554},{"id":158669,"depth":150,"text":158670},{"id":158777,"depth":150,"text":158778},{"id":158843,"depth":102,"text":158844},{"id":77077,"depth":102,"text":15262,"children":159558},[159559,159560,159561],{"id":159060,"depth":150,"text":159061},{"id":159145,"depth":150,"text":159146},{"id":159242,"depth":150,"text":159243},{"id":113661,"depth":102,"text":113662},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":159564},[159565,159566,159567,159569],{"id":159475,"depth":150,"text":159476},{"id":159482,"depth":150,"text":159483},{"id":159489,"depth":150,"text":159568},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159497,"depth":150,"text":159570},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157186,"description":159572},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159579,"title":159580,"body":159581,"description":161404,"extension":2080,"meta":161405,"navigation":682,"path":34729,"seo":161406,"stem":161407,"__hash__":161408},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159582,"toc":161370},[159583,159588,159593,159597,159615,159618,159633,159639,159641,159698,159700,159732,159744,159750,159755,159758,159793,159799,159801,159804,159818,159821,159823,159846,159848,159866,159869,159885,159887,159890,160003,160005,160094,160097,160102,160108,160111,160114,160213,160215,160274,160279,160282,160351,160355,160387,160403,160408,160415,160422,160434,160436,160485,160487,160510,160516,160564,160569,160576,160584,160590,160593,160617,160620,160622,160698,160700,160725,160731,160734,160739,160743,160757,160759,160822,160824,160856,160859,160875,160877,160883,160890,160892,160911,160913,160931,160938,160943,160950,160952,160989,160992,160999,161003,161006,161064,161067,161070,161125,161127,161139,161145,161147,161151,161184,161191,161193,161256,161259,161261,161266,161280,161287,161295,161304,161313,161319,161325,161327,161367],[10,159584,3697,159586,3701],{"id":159585},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159587,2419],{},[20,159589,32236,159590,159592],{},[15,159591,2419],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159594,62701,159595,104506],{},[15,159596,2419],{},[192,159598,159599,159602,159605,159608],{},[195,159600,159601],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[195,159603,159604],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[195,159606,159607],{},"debug confusing code",[195,159609,159610,159611],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[395,159612,159613],{"href":8350},[15,159614,3077],{},[20,159616,159617],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159619,159621],{"className":37,"code":159620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159622,159623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159624,159625,159627,159629,159631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159626,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159628,157],{"class":58},[44,159630,42326],{"class":1861},[44,159632,162],{"class":58},[20,159634,159635,159636,159638],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159637,2419],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159640,3731],{"id":3730},[35,159642,159644],{"className":37,"code":159643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159645,159646,159658,159672,159676,159684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159647,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159649,8007],{"class":50},[44,159651,55],{"class":54},[44,159653,75],{"class":62},[44,159655,5135],{"class":66},[44,159657,3479],{"class":62},[44,159659,159660,159662,159664,159666,159668,159670],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159661,154],{"class":153},[44,159663,157],{"class":58},[44,159665,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159667,157],{"class":58},[44,159669,67],{"class":111},[44,159671,1869],{"class":58},[44,159673,159674],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159675,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,159677,159678,159680,159682],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,159679,2335],{"class":50},[44,159681,55],{"class":54},[44,159683,2706],{"class":95},[44,159685,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,159687,154],{"class":153},[44,159689,157],{"class":58},[44,159691,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159693,157],{"class":58},[44,159695,2357],{"class":111},[44,159697,1869],{"class":58},[20,159699,330],{},[35,159701,159702],{"className":37,"code":125009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159703,159704,159718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159705,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159707,3411],{"class":54},[44,159709,3414],{"class":2182},[44,159711,352],{"class":62},[44,159713,3564],{"class":66},[44,159715,343],{"class":62},[44,159717,3423],{"class":54},[44,159719,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159721,3411],{"class":54},[44,159723,3414],{"class":2182},[44,159725,352],{"class":62},[44,159727,2306],{"class":66},[44,159729,343],{"class":62},[44,159731,3423],{"class":54},[20,159733,172,159734,159737,159738,4523,159741,108],{},[15,159735,159736],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159739,159740],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159742,159743],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159745,13092,159747,159749],{"id":159746},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159748,2419],{}," function does",[20,159751,159752,159754],{},[15,159753,2419],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159756,159757],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[192,159759,159760,159765,159770,159775,159780,159785],{},[195,159761,159762,159764],{},[15,159763,3564],{}," for text",[195,159766,159767,159769],{},[15,159768,2306],{}," for whole numbers",[195,159771,159772,159774],{},[15,159773,2310],{}," for decimal numbers",[195,159776,159777,159779],{},[15,159778,1878],{}," for lists",[195,159781,159782,159784],{},[15,159783,1918],{}," for dictionaries",[195,159786,159787,69030,159789,4523,159791],{},[15,159788,3993],{},[15,159790,3726],{},[15,159792,3799],{},[20,159794,159795,159796,159798],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159797,2419],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159800,402],{"id":401},[20,159802,159803],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159805,159806],{"className":37,"code":159620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159807,159808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159809,159810,159812,159814,159816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159811,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159813,157],{"class":58},[44,159815,42326],{"class":1861},[44,159817,162],{"class":58},[20,159819,159820],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159822,223],{},[35,159824,159826],{"className":37,"code":159825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159827,159828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159829,159830,159832,159834,159836,159838,159840,159842,159844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159831,154],{"class":153},[44,159833,157],{"class":58},[44,159835,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159837,157],{"class":58},[44,159839,63],{"class":62},[44,159841,3971],{"class":66},[44,159843,63],{"class":62},[44,159845,1869],{"class":58},[20,159847,330],{},[35,159849,159850],{"className":37,"code":45699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159851,159852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159853,159854,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159855,3411],{"class":54},[44,159857,3414],{"class":2182},[44,159859,352],{"class":62},[44,159861,3564],{"class":66},[44,159863,343],{"class":62},[44,159865,3423],{"class":54},[20,159867,159868],{},"You can pass either:",[192,159870,159871,159878],{},[195,159872,159873,159874,2997,159876],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159875,64469],{},[15,159877,46455],{},[195,159879,159880,159881,2997,159883],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159882,67],{},[15,159884,88],{},[30,159886,121821],{"id":121820},[20,159888,159889],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159891,159893],{"className":37,"code":159892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159894,159895,159913,159927,159941,159963,159989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159896,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907,159909,159911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159898,154],{"class":153},[44,159900,157],{"class":58},[44,159902,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159904,157],{"class":58},[44,159906,63],{"class":62},[44,159908,3971],{"class":66},[44,159910,63],{"class":62},[44,159912,1869],{"class":58},[44,159914,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,159916,154],{"class":153},[44,159918,157],{"class":58},[44,159920,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159922,157],{"class":58},[44,159924,2448],{"class":95},[44,159926,1869],{"class":58},[44,159928,159929,159931,159933,159935,159937,159939],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,159930,154],{"class":153},[44,159932,157],{"class":58},[44,159934,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159936,157],{"class":58},[44,159938,40069],{"class":95},[44,159940,1869],{"class":58},[44,159942,159943,159945,159947,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159959,159961],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,159944,154],{"class":153},[44,159946,157],{"class":58},[44,159948,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159950,3105],{"class":58},[44,159952,3108],{"class":95},[44,159954,83],{"class":58},[44,159956,1012],{"class":95},[44,159958,83],{"class":58},[44,159960,1017],{"class":95},[44,159962,3119],{"class":58},[44,159964,159965,159967,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985,159987],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,159966,154],{"class":153},[44,159968,157],{"class":58},[44,159970,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159972,115],{"class":58},[44,159974,63],{"class":62},[44,159976,67],{"class":66},[44,159978,63],{"class":62},[44,159980,72],{"class":58},[44,159982,75],{"class":62},[44,159984,5135],{"class":66},[44,159986,63],{"class":62},[44,159988,5667],{"class":58},[44,159990,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999,160001],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,159992,154],{"class":153},[44,159994,157],{"class":58},[44,159996,1862],{"class":1861},[44,159998,157],{"class":58},[44,160000,3726],{"class":1400},[44,160002,1869],{"class":58},[20,160004,330],{},[35,160006,160008],{"className":37,"code":160007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160009,160010,160024,160038,160052,160066,160080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160011,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160013,3411],{"class":54},[44,160015,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160017,352],{"class":62},[44,160019,3564],{"class":66},[44,160021,343],{"class":62},[44,160023,3423],{"class":54},[44,160025,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160027,3411],{"class":54},[44,160029,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160031,352],{"class":62},[44,160033,2306],{"class":66},[44,160035,343],{"class":62},[44,160037,3423],{"class":54},[44,160039,160040,160042,160044,160046,160048,160050],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160041,3411],{"class":54},[44,160043,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160045,352],{"class":62},[44,160047,2310],{"class":66},[44,160049,343],{"class":62},[44,160051,3423],{"class":54},[44,160053,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160055,3411],{"class":54},[44,160057,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160059,352],{"class":62},[44,160061,1878],{"class":66},[44,160063,343],{"class":62},[44,160065,3423],{"class":54},[44,160067,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,160069,3411],{"class":54},[44,160071,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160073,352],{"class":62},[44,160075,1918],{"class":66},[44,160077,343],{"class":62},[44,160079,3423],{"class":54},[44,160081,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090,160092],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,160083,3411],{"class":54},[44,160085,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160087,352],{"class":62},[44,160089,3993],{"class":66},[44,160091,343],{"class":62},[44,160093,3423],{"class":54},[20,160095,160096],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160098,160099,160100,108],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[395,160101,44726],{"href":48908},[30,160103,567,160105,160107],{"id":160104},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160106,2419],{}," with variables",[20,160109,160110],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160112,160113],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,160115,160117],{"className":37,"code":160116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160118,160119,160127,160145,160149,160161,160179,160183,160195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160120,160121,160123,160125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160122,2564],{"class":50},[44,160124,55],{"class":54},[44,160126,2706],{"class":95},[44,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139,160141,160143],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160130,154],{"class":153},[44,160132,157],{"class":58},[44,160134,2590],{"class":111},[44,160136,83],{"class":58},[44,160138,49320],{"class":1861},[44,160140,157],{"class":58},[44,160142,2590],{"class":111},[44,160144,1869],{"class":58},[44,160146,160147],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160148,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160150,160151,160153,160155,160157,160159],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160152,2564],{"class":50},[44,160154,55],{"class":54},[44,160156,75],{"class":62},[44,160158,45836],{"class":66},[44,160160,3479],{"class":62},[44,160162,160163,160165,160167,160169,160171,160173,160175,160177],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,160164,154],{"class":153},[44,160166,157],{"class":58},[44,160168,2590],{"class":111},[44,160170,83],{"class":58},[44,160172,49320],{"class":1861},[44,160174,157],{"class":58},[44,160176,2590],{"class":111},[44,160178,1869],{"class":58},[44,160180,160181],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,160182,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160184,160185,160187,160189,160191,160193],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,160186,2564],{"class":50},[44,160188,55],{"class":54},[44,160190,3746],{"class":58},[44,160192,2448],{"class":95},[44,160194,3759],{"class":58},[44,160196,160197,160199,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211],{"class":46,"line":6555},[44,160198,154],{"class":153},[44,160200,157],{"class":58},[44,160202,2590],{"class":111},[44,160204,83],{"class":58},[44,160206,49320],{"class":1861},[44,160208,157],{"class":58},[44,160210,2590],{"class":111},[44,160212,1869],{"class":58},[20,160214,330],{},[35,160216,160218],{"className":37,"code":160217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160219,160220,160237,160254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160221,160222,160224,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160223,2448],{"class":95},[44,160225,160226],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,160228,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160230,352],{"class":62},[44,160232,2306],{"class":66},[44,160234,343],{"class":62},[44,160236,3423],{"class":54},[44,160238,160239,160242,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160240,160241],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,160243,3411],{"class":54},[44,160245,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160247,352],{"class":62},[44,160249,3564],{"class":66},[44,160251,343],{"class":62},[44,160253,3423],{"class":54},[44,160255,160256,160258,160260,160262,160264,160266,160268,160270,160272],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160257,4027],{"class":58},[44,160259,2448],{"class":95},[44,160261,13368],{"class":58},[44,160263,160226],{"class":54},[44,160265,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160267,352],{"class":62},[44,160269,1878],{"class":66},[44,160271,343],{"class":62},[44,160273,3423],{"class":54},[20,160275,160276,160278],{},[15,160277,2419],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160280,160281],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,160283,160285],{"className":37,"code":160284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160286,160287,160305,160319,160323,160337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160288,160289,160291,160293,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160290,3512],{"class":50},[44,160292,55],{"class":54},[44,160294,8373],{"class":153},[44,160296,157],{"class":58},[44,160298,63],{"class":62},[44,160300,41798],{"class":66},[44,160302,63],{"class":62},[44,160304,162],{"class":58},[44,160306,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160308,154],{"class":153},[44,160310,157],{"class":58},[44,160312,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160314,157],{"class":58},[44,160316,3538],{"class":111},[44,160318,1869],{"class":58},[44,160320,160321],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160322,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160324,160325,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160326,122933],{"class":50},[44,160328,55],{"class":54},[44,160330,45205],{"class":1861},[44,160332,157],{"class":58},[44,160334,3538],{"class":111},[44,160336,162],{"class":58},[44,160338,160339,160341,160343,160345,160347,160349],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,160340,154],{"class":153},[44,160342,157],{"class":58},[44,160344,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160346,157],{"class":58},[44,160348,122956],{"class":111},[44,160350,1869],{"class":58},[20,160352,41047,160353,41051],{},[15,160354,1100],{},[35,160356,160357],{"className":37,"code":125009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160358,160359,160373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160362,3411],{"class":54},[44,160364,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160366,352],{"class":62},[44,160368,3564],{"class":66},[44,160370,343],{"class":62},[44,160372,3423],{"class":54},[44,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160385],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160376,3411],{"class":54},[44,160378,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160380,352],{"class":62},[44,160382,2306],{"class":66},[44,160384,343],{"class":62},[44,160386,3423],{"class":54},[20,160388,45632,160389,160393,160394,2997,160398,160402],{},[395,160390,160391],{"href":8350},[15,160392,3077],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[395,160395,160396],{"href":2993},[15,160397,2996],{},[395,160399,160400],{"href":3000},[15,160401,3003],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160404,160405,160406,108],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[395,160407,9111],{"href":9110},[30,160409,160411,10698,160413],{"id":160410},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160412,2419],{},[15,160414,44734],{},[20,160416,160417,4523,160419,160421],{},[15,160418,2419],{},[15,160420,44734],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[192,160423,160424,160429],{},[195,160425,160426,160428],{},[15,160427,2419],{}," tells you the exact type",[195,160430,160431,160433],{},[15,160432,44734],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160435,223],{},[35,160437,160439],{"className":37,"code":160438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160440,160441,160449,160453,160467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160442,160443,160445,160447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160444,2564],{"class":50},[44,160446,55],{"class":54},[44,160448,34763],{"class":95},[44,160450,160451],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160452,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160454,160455,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160456,154],{"class":153},[44,160458,157],{"class":58},[44,160460,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160462,157],{"class":58},[44,160464,2590],{"class":111},[44,160466,1869],{"class":58},[44,160468,160469,160471,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160470,154],{"class":153},[44,160472,157],{"class":58},[44,160474,48805],{"class":153},[44,160476,157],{"class":58},[44,160478,2590],{"class":111},[44,160480,83],{"class":58},[44,160482,45205],{"class":1861},[44,160484,1869],{"class":58},[20,160486,330],{},[35,160488,160490],{"className":37,"code":160489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160491,160492,160506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160493,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160495,3411],{"class":54},[44,160497,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160499,352],{"class":62},[44,160501,2306],{"class":66},[44,160503,343],{"class":62},[44,160505,3423],{"class":54},[44,160507,160508],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160509,4107],{"class":1400},[20,160511,160512,160513,160515],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160514,44734],{}," is more practical.",[35,160517,160519],{"className":37,"code":160518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160520,160521,160529,160533,160549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160522,160523,160525,160527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160524,2564],{"class":50},[44,160526,55],{"class":54},[44,160528,34763],{"class":95},[44,160530,160531],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160532,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160534,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160536,7128],{"class":4002},[44,160538,49543],{"class":153},[44,160540,157],{"class":58},[44,160542,2590],{"class":111},[44,160544,83],{"class":58},[44,160546,45205],{"class":1861},[44,160548,8473],{"class":58},[44,160550,160551,160553,160555,160557,160560,160562],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160552,8200],{"class":153},[44,160554,157],{"class":58},[44,160556,63],{"class":62},[44,160558,160559],{"class":66},"This is an integer",[44,160561,63],{"class":62},[44,160563,162],{"class":58},[20,160565,172,160566,160568],{},[15,160567,2419],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160570,172,160571,160573,160574,7303],{},[15,160572,44734],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160575,7128],{},[20,160577,160578,160579,108],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[395,160580,3697,160582,3630],{"href":160581},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160583,44734],{},[30,160585,160587,160588],{"id":160586},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160589,2419],{},[20,160591,160592],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160594,160596],{"className":37,"code":160595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160597,160598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160599,160600,160602,160604,160606,160608,160611,160613,160615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160601,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160603,157],{"class":58},[44,160605,67],{"class":111},[44,160607,83],{"class":58},[44,160609,160610],{"class":111}," bases",[44,160612,83],{"class":58},[44,160614,9299],{"class":1861},[44,160616,162],{"class":58},[20,160618,160619],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160621,223],{},[35,160623,160625],{"className":37,"code":160624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160626,160627,160670,160674,160684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160628,160629,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160643,160645,160647,160650,160652,160654,160657,160659,160661,160663,160666,160668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160630,160631],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160633,55],{"class":54},[44,160635,49320],{"class":1861},[44,160637,157],{"class":58},[44,160639,63],{"class":62},[44,160641,160642],{"class":66},"Person",[44,160644,63],{"class":62},[44,160646,83],{"class":58},[44,160648,160649],{"class":58}," (),",[44,160651,59],{"class":58},[44,160653,63],{"class":62},[44,160655,160656],{"class":66},"species",[44,160658,63],{"class":62},[44,160660,72],{"class":58},[44,160662,75],{"class":62},[44,160664,160665],{"class":66},"human",[44,160667,63],{"class":62},[44,160669,147],{"class":58},[44,160671,160672],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160673,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160675,160676,160678,160680,160682],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160677,154],{"class":153},[44,160679,157],{"class":58},[44,160681,160642],{"class":111},[44,160683,162],{"class":58},[44,160685,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694,160696],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160687,154],{"class":153},[44,160689,157],{"class":58},[44,160691,160642],{"class":111},[44,160693,108],{"class":58},[44,160695,160656],{"class":1923},[44,160697,162],{"class":58},[20,160699,330],{},[35,160701,160703],{"className":37,"code":160702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160704,160705,160720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160706,160707,160709,160711,160713,160716,160718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160708,3411],{"class":54},[44,160710,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160712,352],{"class":62},[44,160714,160715],{"class":66},"__main__.Person",[44,160717,343],{"class":62},[44,160719,3423],{"class":54},[44,160721,160722],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160723,160724],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160726,160727,160728,160730],{},"Most beginners do ",[3868,160729,4762],{}," need this form.",[20,160732,160733],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160735,1551,160737],{"id":160736},"when-to-use-type",[15,160738,2419],{},[20,160740,160741,12546],{},[15,160742,2419],{},[192,160744,160745,160748,160751,160754],{},[195,160746,160747],{},"debug unexpected values",[195,160749,160750],{},"check what a conversion produced",[195,160752,160753],{},"learn Python data types",[195,160755,160756],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160758,5602],{},[35,160760,160762],{"className":37,"code":160761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160763,160764,160776,160790,160794,160808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160765,160766,160768,160770,160772,160774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160767,34608],{"class":50},[44,160769,55],{"class":54},[44,160771,75],{"class":62},[44,160773,50176],{"class":66},[44,160775,3479],{"class":62},[44,160777,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786,160788],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160779,2335],{"class":50},[44,160781,55],{"class":54},[44,160783,45205],{"class":1861},[44,160785,157],{"class":58},[44,160787,34629],{"class":111},[44,160789,162],{"class":58},[44,160791,160792],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,160793,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,160795,160796,160798,160800,160802,160804,160806],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,160797,154],{"class":153},[44,160799,157],{"class":58},[44,160801,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160803,157],{"class":58},[44,160805,34629],{"class":111},[44,160807,1869],{"class":58},[44,160809,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,160811,154],{"class":153},[44,160813,157],{"class":58},[44,160815,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160817,157],{"class":58},[44,160819,2357],{"class":111},[44,160821,1869],{"class":58},[20,160823,330],{},[35,160825,160826],{"className":37,"code":125009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160827,160828,160842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160829,160830,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160831,3411],{"class":54},[44,160833,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160835,352],{"class":62},[44,160837,3564],{"class":66},[44,160839,343],{"class":62},[44,160841,3423],{"class":54},[44,160843,160844,160846,160848,160850,160852,160854],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160845,3411],{"class":54},[44,160847,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160849,352],{"class":62},[44,160851,2306],{"class":66},[44,160853,343],{"class":62},[44,160855,3423],{"class":54},[20,160857,160858],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160860,160861,160862,2307,160866,17153,160870,160874],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[395,160863,160864],{"href":42102},[15,160865,47613],{},[395,160867,160868],{"href":2993},[15,160869,2996],{},[395,160871,160872],{"href":3000},[15,160873,3003],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160876,25426],{"id":25425},[20,160878,160879,160880,160882],{},"A few things about ",[15,160881,2419],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1960,160884,160886,160889],{"id":160885},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160887,160888],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160891,64578],{},[35,160893,160895],{"className":37,"code":160894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160896,160897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160898,160899,160901,160903,160905,160907,160909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160900,154],{"class":153},[44,160902,157],{"class":58},[44,160904,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160906,157],{"class":58},[44,160908,2254],{"class":95},[44,160910,1869],{"class":58},[20,160912,122852],{},[35,160914,160915],{"className":37,"code":156364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160916,160917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160918,160919,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160920,3411],{"class":54},[44,160922,3414],{"class":2182},[44,160924,352],{"class":62},[44,160926,2306],{"class":66},[44,160928,343],{"class":62},[44,160930,3423],{"class":54},[20,160932,40832,160933,160935,160936,108],{},[3868,160934,4762],{}," print just ",[15,160937,2306],{},[20,160939,6807,160940,160942],{},[15,160941,2419],{}," returns a class object.",[1960,160944,160946,1298,160948],{"id":160945},"input-returns-str",[15,160947,3077],{},[15,160949,3564],{},[20,160951,79477],{},[35,160953,160955],{"className":37,"code":160954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160956,160957,160975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160958,160959,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160960,2564],{"class":50},[44,160962,55],{"class":54},[44,160964,8373],{"class":153},[44,160966,157],{"class":58},[44,160968,63],{"class":62},[44,160970,46239],{"class":66},[44,160972,63],{"class":62},[44,160974,162],{"class":58},[44,160976,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,160978,154],{"class":153},[44,160980,157],{"class":58},[44,160982,1862],{"class":1861},[44,160984,157],{"class":58},[44,160986,2590],{"class":111},[44,160988,1869],{"class":58},[20,160990,160991],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160993,160994,160995,2997,160997,108],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160996,2996],{},[15,160998,3003],{},[1960,161000,161002],{"id":161001},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161004,161005],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,161007,161009],{"className":37,"code":161008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161010,161011,161019,161023,161049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161012,161013,161015,161017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161014,2564],{"class":50},[44,161016,55],{"class":54},[44,161018,34763],{"class":95},[44,161020,161021],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161022,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,161024,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161026,7128],{"class":4002},[44,161028,48834],{"class":1861},[44,161030,157],{"class":58},[44,161032,1862],{"class":1861},[44,161034,157],{"class":58},[44,161036,2590],{"class":111},[44,161038,5491],{"class":58},[44,161040,6538],{"class":54},[44,161042,75],{"class":62},[44,161044,159743],{"class":66},[44,161046,63],{"class":62},[44,161048,6523],{"class":58},[44,161050,161051,161053,161055,161057,161060,161062],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,161052,8200],{"class":153},[44,161054,157],{"class":58},[44,161056,63],{"class":62},[44,161058,161059],{"class":66},"It is an int",[44,161061,63],{"class":62},[44,161063,162],{"class":58},[20,161065,161066],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161068,161069],{},"Better options:",[35,161071,161073],{"className":37,"code":161072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161074,161075,161083,161087,161107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161076,161077,161079,161081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161078,2564],{"class":50},[44,161080,55],{"class":54},[44,161082,34763],{"class":95},[44,161084,161085],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161086,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,161088,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161090,154],{"class":153},[44,161092,157],{"class":58},[44,161094,1862],{"class":1861},[44,161096,157],{"class":58},[44,161098,2590],{"class":111},[44,161100,3786],{"class":58},[44,161102,6538],{"class":54},[44,161104,45205],{"class":1861},[44,161106,162],{"class":58},[44,161108,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,161110,154],{"class":153},[44,161112,157],{"class":58},[44,161114,48805],{"class":153},[44,161116,157],{"class":58},[44,161118,2590],{"class":111},[44,161120,83],{"class":58},[44,161122,45205],{"class":1861},[44,161124,1869],{"class":58},[20,161126,330],{},[35,161128,161129],{"className":37,"code":4635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161130,161131,161135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161132,161133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161134,4107],{"class":1400},[44,161136,161137],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161138,4107],{"class":1400},[20,161140,161141,161142,161144],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161143,44734],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,161146,1803],{"id":1802},[20,161148,14820,161149,72],{},[15,161150,2419],{},[192,161152,161153,161163,161172,161181],{},[195,161154,567,161155,161157,161158,161162],{},[15,161156,2419],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[395,161159,161160],{"href":8350},[15,161161,3077],{}," always returns a string",[195,161164,1821,161165,161167,161168,11202,161170],{},[15,161166,2419],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161169,2306],{},[15,161171,159743],{},[195,161173,567,161174,44558,161177,161180],{},[15,161175,161176],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161178,161179],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[195,161182,161183],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161185,161186,161187,108],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[395,161188,161190],{"href":161189},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161192,144518],{},[35,161194,161196],{"className":37,"code":161195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161197,161198,161212,161222,161236,161246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161199,161200,161202,161204,161206,161208,161210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161201,154],{"class":153},[44,161203,157],{"class":58},[44,161205,1862],{"class":1861},[44,161207,157],{"class":58},[44,161209,2590],{"class":111},[44,161211,1869],{"class":58},[44,161213,161214,161216,161218,161220],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161215,154],{"class":153},[44,161217,157],{"class":58},[44,161219,2590],{"class":111},[44,161221,162],{"class":58},[44,161223,161224,161226,161228,161230,161232,161234],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161225,154],{"class":153},[44,161227,157],{"class":58},[44,161229,41706],{"class":153},[44,161231,157],{"class":58},[44,161233,2590],{"class":111},[44,161235,1869],{"class":58},[44,161237,161238,161240,161242,161244],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,161239,1913],{"class":153},[44,161241,157],{"class":58},[44,161243,1862],{"class":1861},[44,161245,162],{"class":58},[44,161247,161248,161250,161252,161254],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,161249,34292],{"class":153},[44,161251,157],{"class":58},[44,161253,2590],{"class":111},[44,161255,162],{"class":58},[20,161257,161258],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,161260,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,161262,5273,161264,5276],{"id":161263},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161265,2419],{},[20,161267,161268,161269,2307,161271,2307,161273,2311,161275,161277,161278,108],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161270,3564],{},[15,161272,2306],{},[15,161274,1878],{},[15,161276,1918],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161279,159740],{},[1960,161281,14989,161283,57138,161285,2610],{"id":161282},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161284,2419],{},[15,161286,44734],{},[20,161288,46294,161289,161291,161292,161294],{},[15,161290,2419],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161293,44734],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1960,161296,5288,161298,161301,161302,2610],{"id":161297},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161299,161300],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161303,3564],{},[20,161305,29127,161306,161308,161309,2997,161311,160402],{},[15,161307,3077],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161310,2996],{},[15,161312,3003],{},[1960,161314,1984,161316,161318],{"id":161315},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161317,2419],{}," create classes?",[20,161320,161321,161322,108],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161323,161324],{},"type(object)",[30,161326,2020],{"id":2019},[192,161328,161329,161333,161339,161345,161349,161355,161361],{},[195,161330,161331],{},[395,161332,44726],{"href":48908},[195,161334,161335],{},[395,161336,3697,161337,3630],{"href":160581},[15,161338,44734],{},[195,161340,161341],{},[395,161342,3697,161343,3630],{"href":8350},[15,161344,3077],{},[195,161346,161347],{},[395,161348,9188],{"href":9110},[195,161350,161351],{},[395,161352,3697,161353,3630],{"href":2993},[15,161354,2996],{},[195,161356,161357],{},[395,161358,3697,161359,3630],{"href":3000},[15,161360,3003],{},[195,161362,161363],{},[395,161364,3697,161365,3630],{"href":42102},[15,161366,47613],{},[2048,161368,161369],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":161371},[161372,161373,161375,161376,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161392,161393,161403],{"id":3730,"depth":102,"text":3731},{"id":159746,"depth":102,"text":161374},"What the type() function does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":121820,"depth":102,"text":121821},{"id":160104,"depth":102,"text":161378},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160410,"depth":102,"text":161380},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160586,"depth":102,"text":161382},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160736,"depth":102,"text":161384},"When to use type()",{"id":25425,"depth":102,"text":25426,"children":161386},[161387,161389,161391],{"id":160885,"depth":150,"text":161388},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160945,"depth":150,"text":161390},"input() returns str",{"id":161001,"depth":150,"text":161002},{"id":1802,"depth":102,"text":1803},{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":161394},[161395,161397,161399,161401],{"id":161263,"depth":150,"text":161396},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161282,"depth":150,"text":161398},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161297,"depth":150,"text":161400},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161315,"depth":150,"text":161402},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159580,"description":161404},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161410,"title":161411,"body":161412,"description":163891,"extension":2080,"meta":163892,"navigation":682,"path":163893,"seo":163894,"stem":163895,"__hash__":163896},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161413,"toc":163848},[161414,161419,161424,161433,161435,161535,161537,161562,161567,161572,161588,161591,161593,161595,161620,161623,161626,161709,161711,161760,161763,161885,161887,161960,161964,161967,162081,162083,162109,162111,162132,162137,162141,162146,162149,162253,162255,162272,162281,162284,162371,162373,162384,162389,162395,162400,162406,162409,162502,162504,162553,162559,162562,162663,162665,162718,162723,162727,162730,162829,162831,162870,162873,162878,162880,162885,162889,163002,163006,163103,163107,163195,163197,163214,163218,163341,163347,163353,163359,163364,163367,163394,163398,163400,163494,163497,163501,163504,163591,163594,163629,163631,163668,163671,163679,163684,163689,163763,163770,163772,163777,163780,163786,163789,163795,163800,163806,163811,163815,163818,163820,163845],[10,161415,3697,161417,3701],{"id":161416},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161418,64254],{},[20,161420,161421,161423],{},[15,161422,64254],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161425,161426,161427,161429,161430,161432],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161428,64254],{}," inside a ",[15,161431,6087],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,161434,33],{"id":32},[35,161436,161438],{"className":37,"code":161437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161439,161440,161472,161492,161496,161521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161441,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161443,5126],{"class":50},[44,161445,55],{"class":54},[44,161447,3746],{"class":58},[44,161449,63],{"class":62},[44,161451,78],{"class":66},[44,161453,63],{"class":62},[44,161455,83],{"class":58},[44,161457,75],{"class":62},[44,161459,35863],{"class":66},[44,161461,63],{"class":62},[44,161463,83],{"class":58},[44,161465,75],{"class":62},[44,161467,35872],{"class":66},[44,161469,63],{"class":62},[44,161471,3759],{"class":58},[44,161473,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161475,811],{"class":50},[44,161477,55],{"class":54},[44,161479,3746],{"class":58},[44,161481,13596],{"class":95},[44,161483,83],{"class":58},[44,161485,851],{"class":95},[44,161487,83],{"class":58},[44,161489,869],{"class":95},[44,161491,3759],{"class":58},[44,161493,161494],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161495,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,161497,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,161499,6087],{"class":4002},[44,161501,35914],{"class":50},[44,161503,83],{"class":58},[44,161505,5236],{"class":50},[44,161507,4009],{"class":4002},[44,161509,161510],{"class":153}," zip",[44,161512,157],{"class":58},[44,161514,5170],{"class":111},[44,161516,83],{"class":58},[44,161518,5241],{"class":111},[44,161520,8473],{"class":58},[44,161522,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,161524,8200],{"class":153},[44,161526,157],{"class":58},[44,161528,67],{"class":111},[44,161530,83],{"class":58},[44,161532,130798],{"class":111},[44,161534,162],{"class":58},[20,161536,330],{},[35,161538,161540],{"className":37,"code":161539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161541,161542,161548,161555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161543,161544,161546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161545,133817],{"class":50},[44,161547,33055],{"class":95},[44,161549,161550,161553],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161551,161552],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161554,33060],{"class":95},[44,161556,161557,161560],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161558,161559],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161561,33065],{"class":95},[20,161563,172,161564,161566],{},[15,161565,64254],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161568,179,161570,182],{"id":161569},"what-zip-does",[15,161571,64254],{},[192,161573,161574,161579,161582,161585],{},[195,161575,161576,161578],{},[15,161577,64254],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[195,161580,161581],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[195,161583,161584],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[195,161586,161587],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161589,161590],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161592,402],{"id":401},[20,161594,7349],{},[35,161596,161598],{"className":37,"code":161597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161599,161600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161601,161602,161604,161606,161609,161611,161614,161616,161618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161603,64324],{"class":153},[44,161605,157],{"class":58},[44,161607,161608],{"class":111},"iterable1",[44,161610,83],{"class":58},[44,161612,161613],{"class":111}," iterable2",[44,161615,83],{"class":58},[44,161617,34374],{"class":153},[44,161619,162],{"class":58},[20,161621,161622],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161624,161625],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161627,161629],{"className":37,"code":161628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161630,161631,161651,161683,161687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161632,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161634,3741],{"class":50},[44,161636,55],{"class":54},[44,161638,3746],{"class":58},[44,161640,3108],{"class":95},[44,161642,83],{"class":58},[44,161644,1012],{"class":95},[44,161646,83],{"class":58},[44,161648,1017],{"class":95},[44,161650,3759],{"class":58},[44,161652,161653,161655,161657,161659,161661,161663,161665,161667,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161654,36013],{"class":50},[44,161656,55],{"class":54},[44,161658,3746],{"class":58},[44,161660,63],{"class":62},[44,161662,395],{"class":66},[44,161664,63],{"class":62},[44,161666,83],{"class":58},[44,161668,75],{"class":62},[44,161670,1005],{"class":66},[44,161672,63],{"class":62},[44,161674,83],{"class":58},[44,161676,75],{"class":62},[44,161678,9855],{"class":66},[44,161680,63],{"class":62},[44,161682,3759],{"class":58},[44,161684,161685],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161686,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,161688,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,161690,154],{"class":153},[44,161692,157],{"class":58},[44,161694,1878],{"class":1861},[44,161696,157],{"class":58},[44,161698,64324],{"class":153},[44,161700,157],{"class":58},[44,161702,3773],{"class":111},[44,161704,83],{"class":58},[44,161706,70031],{"class":111},[44,161708,3031],{"class":58},[20,161710,330],{},[35,161712,161714],{"className":37,"code":161713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161715,161716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161717,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161719,21811],{"class":58},[44,161721,3108],{"class":95},[44,161723,83],{"class":58},[44,161725,352],{"class":62},[44,161727,395],{"class":66},[44,161729,343],{"class":62},[44,161731,854],{"class":58},[44,161733,857],{"class":58},[44,161735,2173],{"class":95},[44,161737,83],{"class":58},[44,161739,352],{"class":62},[44,161741,1005],{"class":66},[44,161743,343],{"class":62},[44,161745,854],{"class":58},[44,161747,857],{"class":58},[44,161749,2179],{"class":95},[44,161751,83],{"class":58},[44,161753,352],{"class":62},[44,161755,9855],{"class":66},[44,161757,343],{"class":62},[44,161759,872],{"class":58},[20,161761,161762],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161764,161766],{"className":37,"code":161765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161767,161768,161800,161820,161854,161858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161769,161770,161772,161774,161776,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161771,5126],{"class":50},[44,161773,55],{"class":54},[44,161775,3746],{"class":58},[44,161777,63],{"class":62},[44,161779,78],{"class":66},[44,161781,63],{"class":62},[44,161783,83],{"class":58},[44,161785,75],{"class":62},[44,161787,35863],{"class":66},[44,161789,63],{"class":62},[44,161791,83],{"class":58},[44,161793,75],{"class":62},[44,161795,35872],{"class":66},[44,161797,63],{"class":62},[44,161799,3759],{"class":58},[44,161801,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,161803,811],{"class":50},[44,161805,55],{"class":54},[44,161807,3746],{"class":58},[44,161809,13596],{"class":95},[44,161811,83],{"class":58},[44,161813,851],{"class":95},[44,161815,83],{"class":58},[44,161817,869],{"class":95},[44,161819,3759],{"class":58},[44,161821,161822,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161845,161847,161850,161852],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,161823,161824],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161826,55],{"class":54},[44,161828,3746],{"class":58},[44,161830,63],{"class":62},[44,161832,296],{"class":66},[44,161834,63],{"class":62},[44,161836,83],{"class":58},[44,161838,75],{"class":62},[44,161840,268],{"class":66},[44,161842,63],{"class":62},[44,161844,83],{"class":58},[44,161846,75],{"class":62},[44,161848,161849],{"class":66},"B+",[44,161851,63],{"class":62},[44,161853,3759],{"class":58},[44,161855,161856],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,161857,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,161859,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161883],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,161861,154],{"class":153},[44,161863,157],{"class":58},[44,161865,1878],{"class":1861},[44,161867,157],{"class":58},[44,161869,64324],{"class":153},[44,161871,157],{"class":58},[44,161873,5170],{"class":111},[44,161875,83],{"class":58},[44,161877,5241],{"class":111},[44,161879,83],{"class":58},[44,161881,161882],{"class":111}," grades",[44,161884,3031],{"class":58},[20,161886,330],{},[35,161888,161890],{"className":37,"code":161889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161891,161892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161893,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906,161908,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161895,21811],{"class":58},[44,161897,343],{"class":62},[44,161899,78],{"class":66},[44,161901,343],{"class":62},[44,161903,83],{"class":58},[44,161905,827],{"class":95},[44,161907,83],{"class":58},[44,161909,352],{"class":62},[44,161911,296],{"class":66},[44,161913,343],{"class":62},[44,161915,854],{"class":58},[44,161917,857],{"class":58},[44,161919,343],{"class":62},[44,161921,35863],{"class":66},[44,161923,343],{"class":62},[44,161925,83],{"class":58},[44,161927,851],{"class":95},[44,161929,83],{"class":58},[44,161931,352],{"class":62},[44,161933,268],{"class":66},[44,161935,343],{"class":62},[44,161937,854],{"class":58},[44,161939,857],{"class":58},[44,161941,343],{"class":62},[44,161943,35872],{"class":66},[44,161945,343],{"class":62},[44,161947,83],{"class":58},[44,161949,869],{"class":95},[44,161951,83],{"class":58},[44,161953,352],{"class":62},[44,161955,161849],{"class":66},[44,161957,343],{"class":62},[44,161959,872],{"class":58},[30,161961,161963],{"id":161962},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161965,161966],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161968,161970],{"className":37,"code":161969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161971,161972,162004,162024,162028,162052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161973,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161975,5126],{"class":50},[44,161977,55],{"class":54},[44,161979,3746],{"class":58},[44,161981,63],{"class":62},[44,161983,78],{"class":66},[44,161985,63],{"class":62},[44,161987,83],{"class":58},[44,161989,75],{"class":62},[44,161991,35863],{"class":66},[44,161993,63],{"class":62},[44,161995,83],{"class":58},[44,161997,75],{"class":62},[44,161999,35872],{"class":66},[44,162001,63],{"class":62},[44,162003,3759],{"class":58},[44,162005,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162007,811],{"class":50},[44,162009,55],{"class":54},[44,162011,3746],{"class":58},[44,162013,13596],{"class":95},[44,162015,83],{"class":58},[44,162017,851],{"class":95},[44,162019,83],{"class":58},[44,162021,869],{"class":95},[44,162023,3759],{"class":58},[44,162025,162026],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162027,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162029,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162031,6087],{"class":4002},[44,162033,35914],{"class":50},[44,162035,83],{"class":58},[44,162037,5236],{"class":50},[44,162039,4009],{"class":4002},[44,162041,161510],{"class":153},[44,162043,157],{"class":58},[44,162045,5170],{"class":111},[44,162047,83],{"class":58},[44,162049,5241],{"class":111},[44,162051,8473],{"class":58},[44,162053,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,162055,8200],{"class":153},[44,162057,157],{"class":58},[44,162059,22364],{"class":2182},[44,162061,63],{"class":66},[44,162063,340],{"class":95},[44,162065,67],{"class":111},[44,162067,22373],{"class":95},[44,162069,162070],{"class":66}," scored ",[44,162072,340],{"class":95},[44,162074,85455],{"class":111},[44,162076,22373],{"class":95},[44,162078,63],{"class":66},[44,162080,162],{"class":58},[20,162082,330],{},[35,162084,162086],{"className":37,"code":162085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162087,162088,162095,162102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162089,162090,162093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162091,162092],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,162094,33055],{"class":95},[44,162096,162097,162100],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162098,162099],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,162101,33060],{"class":95},[44,162103,162104,162107],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162105,162106],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,162108,33065],{"class":95},[20,162110,44859],{},[192,162112,162113,162122,162125],{},[195,162114,162115,162118,162119],{},[15,162116,162117],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162120,162121],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[195,162123,162124],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[195,162126,162127,4523,162129,162131],{},[15,162128,67],{},[15,162130,85455],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162133,162134,162135,108],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[395,162136,69548],{"href":69547},[30,162138,162140],{"id":162139},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162142,162143,162145],{},[15,162144,64254],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162147,162148],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,162150,162152],{"className":37,"code":162151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162153,162154,162195,162211,162215,162239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162155,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176,162178,162180,162182,162184,162186,162188,162191,162193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162157,5126],{"class":50},[44,162159,55],{"class":54},[44,162161,3746],{"class":58},[44,162163,63],{"class":62},[44,162165,78],{"class":66},[44,162167,63],{"class":62},[44,162169,83],{"class":58},[44,162171,75],{"class":62},[44,162173,35863],{"class":66},[44,162175,63],{"class":62},[44,162177,83],{"class":58},[44,162179,75],{"class":62},[44,162181,35872],{"class":66},[44,162183,63],{"class":62},[44,162185,83],{"class":58},[44,162187,75],{"class":62},[44,162189,162190],{"class":66},"Dan",[44,162192,63],{"class":62},[44,162194,3759],{"class":58},[44,162196,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162198,811],{"class":50},[44,162200,55],{"class":54},[44,162202,3746],{"class":58},[44,162204,13596],{"class":95},[44,162206,83],{"class":58},[44,162208,851],{"class":95},[44,162210,3759],{"class":58},[44,162212,162213],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162214,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162216,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162218,6087],{"class":4002},[44,162220,35914],{"class":50},[44,162222,83],{"class":58},[44,162224,5236],{"class":50},[44,162226,4009],{"class":4002},[44,162228,161510],{"class":153},[44,162230,157],{"class":58},[44,162232,5170],{"class":111},[44,162234,83],{"class":58},[44,162236,5241],{"class":111},[44,162238,8473],{"class":58},[44,162240,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,162242,8200],{"class":153},[44,162244,157],{"class":58},[44,162246,67],{"class":111},[44,162248,83],{"class":58},[44,162250,130798],{"class":111},[44,162252,162],{"class":58},[20,162254,330],{},[35,162256,162258],{"className":37,"code":162257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162259,162260,162266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162261,162262,162264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162263,133817],{"class":50},[44,162265,33055],{"class":95},[44,162267,162268,162270],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162269,161552],{"class":50},[44,162271,33060],{"class":95},[20,162273,2403,162274,4523,162277,162280],{},[15,162275,162276],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162278,162279],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162282,162283],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,162285,162287],{"className":37,"code":162286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162288,162289,162329,162345,162349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162290,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162292,5126],{"class":50},[44,162294,55],{"class":54},[44,162296,3746],{"class":58},[44,162298,63],{"class":62},[44,162300,78],{"class":66},[44,162302,63],{"class":62},[44,162304,83],{"class":58},[44,162306,75],{"class":62},[44,162308,35863],{"class":66},[44,162310,63],{"class":62},[44,162312,83],{"class":58},[44,162314,75],{"class":62},[44,162316,35872],{"class":66},[44,162318,63],{"class":62},[44,162320,83],{"class":58},[44,162322,75],{"class":62},[44,162324,162190],{"class":66},[44,162326,63],{"class":62},[44,162328,3759],{"class":58},[44,162330,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162332,811],{"class":50},[44,162334,55],{"class":54},[44,162336,3746],{"class":58},[44,162338,13596],{"class":95},[44,162340,83],{"class":58},[44,162342,851],{"class":95},[44,162344,3759],{"class":58},[44,162346,162347],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162348,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162350,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162352,154],{"class":153},[44,162354,157],{"class":58},[44,162356,11271],{"class":153},[44,162358,157],{"class":58},[44,162360,5170],{"class":111},[44,162362,854],{"class":58},[44,162364,38311],{"class":153},[44,162366,157],{"class":58},[44,162368,881],{"class":111},[44,162370,1869],{"class":58},[20,162372,330],{},[35,162374,162376],{"className":37,"code":162375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,162377,162378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162379,162380,162382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162381,2623],{"class":95},[44,162383,45518],{"class":95},[20,162385,162386,162387,108],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162388,64254],{},[30,162390,92046,162392,162394],{"id":162391},"converting-zip-output",[15,162393,64254],{}," output",[20,162396,29127,162397,162399],{},[15,162398,64254],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1960,162401,172,162403],{"id":162402},"use-listzip",[15,162404,162405],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162407,162408],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,162410,162412],{"className":37,"code":162411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162413,162414,162446,162466,162470,162492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162415,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440,162442,162444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162417,5126],{"class":50},[44,162419,55],{"class":54},[44,162421,3746],{"class":58},[44,162423,63],{"class":62},[44,162425,78],{"class":66},[44,162427,63],{"class":62},[44,162429,83],{"class":58},[44,162431,75],{"class":62},[44,162433,35863],{"class":66},[44,162435,63],{"class":62},[44,162437,83],{"class":58},[44,162439,75],{"class":62},[44,162441,35872],{"class":66},[44,162443,63],{"class":62},[44,162445,3759],{"class":58},[44,162447,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162449,811],{"class":50},[44,162451,55],{"class":54},[44,162453,3746],{"class":58},[44,162455,13596],{"class":95},[44,162457,83],{"class":58},[44,162459,851],{"class":95},[44,162461,83],{"class":58},[44,162463,869],{"class":95},[44,162465,3759],{"class":58},[44,162467,162468],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162469,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162471,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162473,834],{"class":50},[44,162475,55],{"class":54},[44,162477,22630],{"class":1861},[44,162479,157],{"class":58},[44,162481,64324],{"class":153},[44,162483,157],{"class":58},[44,162485,5170],{"class":111},[44,162487,83],{"class":58},[44,162489,5241],{"class":111},[44,162491,1869],{"class":58},[44,162493,162494,162496,162498,162500],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,162495,154],{"class":153},[44,162497,157],{"class":58},[44,162499,890],{"class":111},[44,162501,162],{"class":58},[20,162503,330],{},[35,162505,162507],{"className":37,"code":162506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162508,162509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162510,162511,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162512,21811],{"class":58},[44,162514,343],{"class":62},[44,162516,78],{"class":66},[44,162518,343],{"class":62},[44,162520,83],{"class":58},[44,162522,827],{"class":95},[44,162524,854],{"class":58},[44,162526,857],{"class":58},[44,162528,343],{"class":62},[44,162530,35863],{"class":66},[44,162532,343],{"class":62},[44,162534,83],{"class":58},[44,162536,851],{"class":95},[44,162538,854],{"class":58},[44,162540,857],{"class":58},[44,162542,343],{"class":62},[44,162544,35872],{"class":66},[44,162546,343],{"class":62},[44,162548,83],{"class":58},[44,162550,869],{"class":95},[44,162552,872],{"class":58},[1960,162554,172,162556],{"id":162555},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162557,162558],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162560,162561],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162563,162565],{"className":37,"code":162564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162566,162567,162599,162627,162631,162653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162568,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162570,17323],{"class":50},[44,162572,55],{"class":54},[44,162574,3746],{"class":58},[44,162576,63],{"class":62},[44,162578,67],{"class":66},[44,162580,63],{"class":62},[44,162582,83],{"class":58},[44,162584,75],{"class":62},[44,162586,88],{"class":66},[44,162588,63],{"class":62},[44,162590,83],{"class":58},[44,162592,75],{"class":62},[44,162594,133],{"class":66},[44,162596,63],{"class":62},[44,162598,3759],{"class":58},[44,162600,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162602,3948],{"class":50},[44,162604,55],{"class":54},[44,162606,3746],{"class":58},[44,162608,63],{"class":62},[44,162610,78],{"class":66},[44,162612,63],{"class":62},[44,162614,83],{"class":58},[44,162616,1164],{"class":95},[44,162618,83],{"class":58},[44,162620,75],{"class":62},[44,162622,142],{"class":66},[44,162624,63],{"class":62},[44,162626,3759],{"class":58},[44,162628,162629],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162630,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162632,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162634,51],{"class":50},[44,162636,55],{"class":54},[44,162638,9299],{"class":1861},[44,162640,157],{"class":58},[44,162642,64324],{"class":153},[44,162644,157],{"class":58},[44,162646,17004],{"class":111},[44,162648,83],{"class":58},[44,162650,4012],{"class":111},[44,162652,1869],{"class":58},[44,162654,162655,162657,162659,162661],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,162656,154],{"class":153},[44,162658,157],{"class":58},[44,162660,105],{"class":111},[44,162662,162],{"class":58},[20,162664,330],{},[35,162666,162668],{"className":37,"code":162667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162669,162670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162671,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710,162712,162714,162716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162673,340],{"class":58},[44,162675,343],{"class":62},[44,162677,67],{"class":66},[44,162679,343],{"class":62},[44,162681,72],{"class":58},[44,162683,352],{"class":62},[44,162685,78],{"class":66},[44,162687,343],{"class":62},[44,162689,83],{"class":58},[44,162691,352],{"class":62},[44,162693,88],{"class":66},[44,162695,343],{"class":62},[44,162697,72],{"class":58},[44,162699,1164],{"class":95},[44,162701,83],{"class":58},[44,162703,352],{"class":62},[44,162705,133],{"class":66},[44,162707,343],{"class":62},[44,162709,72],{"class":58},[44,162711,352],{"class":62},[44,162713,142],{"class":66},[44,162715,343],{"class":62},[44,162717,99],{"class":58},[20,162719,162720,162721,108],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[395,162722,787],{"href":786},[1960,162724,162726],{"id":162725},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162728,162729],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162731,162733],{"className":37,"code":162732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162734,162735,162759,162775,162779,162797,162801,162815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162736,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162738,5126],{"class":50},[44,162740,55],{"class":54},[44,162742,3746],{"class":58},[44,162744,63],{"class":62},[44,162746,78],{"class":66},[44,162748,63],{"class":62},[44,162750,83],{"class":58},[44,162752,75],{"class":62},[44,162754,35863],{"class":66},[44,162756,63],{"class":62},[44,162758,3759],{"class":58},[44,162760,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162762,811],{"class":50},[44,162764,55],{"class":54},[44,162766,3746],{"class":58},[44,162768,13596],{"class":95},[44,162770,83],{"class":58},[44,162772,851],{"class":95},[44,162774,3759],{"class":58},[44,162776,162777],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162778,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162780,162781,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791,162793,162795],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162782,834],{"class":50},[44,162784,55],{"class":54},[44,162786,161510],{"class":153},[44,162788,157],{"class":58},[44,162790,5170],{"class":111},[44,162792,83],{"class":58},[44,162794,5241],{"class":111},[44,162796,162],{"class":58},[44,162798,162799],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,162800,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162802,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,162804,154],{"class":153},[44,162806,157],{"class":58},[44,162808,1878],{"class":1861},[44,162810,157],{"class":58},[44,162812,890],{"class":111},[44,162814,1869],{"class":58},[44,162816,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,162818,154],{"class":153},[44,162820,157],{"class":58},[44,162822,1878],{"class":1861},[44,162824,157],{"class":58},[44,162826,890],{"class":111},[44,162828,1869],{"class":58},[20,162830,330],{},[35,162832,162834],{"className":37,"code":162833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162835,162836,162866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162837,162838,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162839,21811],{"class":58},[44,162841,343],{"class":62},[44,162843,78],{"class":66},[44,162845,343],{"class":62},[44,162847,83],{"class":58},[44,162849,827],{"class":95},[44,162851,854],{"class":58},[44,162853,857],{"class":58},[44,162855,343],{"class":62},[44,162857,35863],{"class":66},[44,162859,343],{"class":62},[44,162861,83],{"class":58},[44,162863,851],{"class":95},[44,162865,872],{"class":58},[44,162867,162868],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162869,38222],{"class":58},[20,162871,162872],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162874,162875,162876,108],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[395,162877,5267],{"href":5715},[30,162879,40972],{"id":40971},[20,162881,162882,162883,108],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162884,64254],{},[1960,162886,162888],{"id":162887},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162890,162892],{"className":37,"code":162891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162893,162894,162926,162946,162950,162974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162895,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162897,5126],{"class":50},[44,162899,55],{"class":54},[44,162901,3746],{"class":58},[44,162903,63],{"class":62},[44,162905,78],{"class":66},[44,162907,63],{"class":62},[44,162909,83],{"class":58},[44,162911,75],{"class":62},[44,162913,35863],{"class":66},[44,162915,63],{"class":62},[44,162917,83],{"class":58},[44,162919,75],{"class":62},[44,162921,35872],{"class":66},[44,162923,63],{"class":62},[44,162925,3759],{"class":58},[44,162927,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,162929,811],{"class":50},[44,162931,55],{"class":54},[44,162933,3746],{"class":58},[44,162935,13596],{"class":95},[44,162937,83],{"class":58},[44,162939,851],{"class":95},[44,162941,83],{"class":58},[44,162943,869],{"class":95},[44,162945,3759],{"class":58},[44,162947,162948],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,162949,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,162951,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,162953,6087],{"class":4002},[44,162955,35914],{"class":50},[44,162957,83],{"class":58},[44,162959,5236],{"class":50},[44,162961,4009],{"class":4002},[44,162963,161510],{"class":153},[44,162965,157],{"class":58},[44,162967,5170],{"class":111},[44,162969,83],{"class":58},[44,162971,5241],{"class":111},[44,162973,8473],{"class":58},[44,162975,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,162977,8200],{"class":153},[44,162979,157],{"class":58},[44,162981,22364],{"class":2182},[44,162983,63],{"class":66},[44,162985,340],{"class":95},[44,162987,67],{"class":111},[44,162989,22373],{"class":95},[44,162991,22376],{"class":66},[44,162993,340],{"class":95},[44,162995,85455],{"class":111},[44,162997,22373],{"class":95},[44,162999,63],{"class":66},[44,163001,162],{"class":58},[1960,163003,163005],{"id":163004},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,163007,163009],{"className":37,"code":163008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163010,163011,163043,163067,163071,163093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163012,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163014,17323],{"class":50},[44,163016,55],{"class":54},[44,163018,3746],{"class":58},[44,163020,63],{"class":62},[44,163022,12748],{"class":66},[44,163024,63],{"class":62},[44,163026,83],{"class":58},[44,163028,75],{"class":62},[44,163030,67],{"class":66},[44,163032,63],{"class":62},[44,163034,83],{"class":58},[44,163036,75],{"class":62},[44,163038,15906],{"class":66},[44,163040,63],{"class":62},[44,163042,3759],{"class":58},[44,163044,163045,163047,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061,163063,163065],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163046,3948],{"class":50},[44,163048,55],{"class":54},[44,163050,3746],{"class":58},[44,163052,46521],{"class":95},[44,163054,83],{"class":58},[44,163056,75],{"class":62},[44,163058,78],{"class":66},[44,163060,63],{"class":62},[44,163062,83],{"class":58},[44,163064,4043],{"class":1400},[44,163066,3759],{"class":58},[44,163068,163069],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163070,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163072,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,163074,489],{"class":50},[44,163076,55],{"class":54},[44,163078,9299],{"class":1861},[44,163080,157],{"class":58},[44,163082,64324],{"class":153},[44,163084,157],{"class":58},[44,163086,17004],{"class":111},[44,163088,83],{"class":58},[44,163090,4012],{"class":111},[44,163092,1869],{"class":58},[44,163094,163095,163097,163099,163101],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,163096,154],{"class":153},[44,163098,157],{"class":58},[44,163100,511],{"class":111},[44,163102,162],{"class":58},[1960,163104,163106],{"id":163105},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,163108,163110],{"className":37,"code":163109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163111,163112,163132,163152,163156,163181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163113,163114,163116,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163115,80593],{"class":50},[44,163117,55],{"class":54},[44,163119,3746],{"class":58},[44,163121,2448],{"class":95},[44,163123,83],{"class":58},[44,163125,96],{"class":95},[44,163127,83],{"class":58},[44,163129,7925],{"class":95},[44,163131,3759],{"class":58},[44,163133,163134,163136,163138,163140,163142,163144,163146,163148,163150],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163135,80614],{"class":50},[44,163137,55],{"class":54},[44,163139,3746],{"class":58},[44,163141,2448],{"class":95},[44,163143,83],{"class":58},[44,163145,1164],{"class":95},[44,163147,83],{"class":58},[44,163149,7925],{"class":95},[44,163151,3759],{"class":58},[44,163153,163154],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163155,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163157,163158,163160,163162,163164,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,163159,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163161,56820],{"class":50},[44,163163,83],{"class":58},[44,163165,163166],{"class":50}," b ",[44,163168,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163170,161510],{"class":153},[44,163172,157],{"class":58},[44,163174,111685],{"class":111},[44,163176,83],{"class":58},[44,163178,80657],{"class":111},[44,163180,8473],{"class":58},[44,163182,163183,163185,163187,163189,163191,163193],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,163184,8200],{"class":153},[44,163186,157],{"class":58},[44,163188,2673],{"class":111},[44,163190,4820],{"class":54},[44,163192,2678],{"class":111},[44,163194,162],{"class":58},[20,163196,330],{},[35,163198,163200],{"className":37,"code":163199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163201,163202,163206,163210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163203,163204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163205,4107],{"class":1400},[44,163207,163208],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163209,4168],{"class":1400},[44,163211,163212],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163213,4107],{"class":1400},[1960,163215,163217],{"id":163216},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,163219,163221],{"className":37,"code":163220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163222,163223,163258,163281,163285,163312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163224,163225,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240,163242,163245,163247,163249,163251,163254,163256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163226,163227],{"class":50},"products ",[44,163229,55],{"class":54},[44,163231,3746],{"class":58},[44,163233,63],{"class":62},[44,163235,25209],{"class":66},[44,163237,63],{"class":62},[44,163239,83],{"class":58},[44,163241,75],{"class":62},[44,163243,163244],{"class":66},"Pen",[44,163246,63],{"class":62},[44,163248,83],{"class":58},[44,163250,75],{"class":62},[44,163252,163253],{"class":66},"Bag",[44,163255,63],{"class":62},[44,163257,3759],{"class":58},[44,163259,163260,163262,163264,163266,163269,163271,163274,163276,163279],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163261,82983],{"class":50},[44,163263,55],{"class":54},[44,163265,3746],{"class":58},[44,163267,163268],{"class":95},"12.5",[44,163270,83],{"class":58},[44,163272,163273],{"class":95}," 1.2",[44,163275,83],{"class":58},[44,163277,163278],{"class":95}," 25.0",[44,163280,3759],{"class":58},[44,163282,163283],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163284,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163286,163287,163289,163291,163293,163296,163298,163300,163302,163305,163307,163310],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,163288,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163290,25270],{"class":50},[44,163292,83],{"class":58},[44,163294,163295],{"class":50}," price ",[44,163297,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163299,161510],{"class":153},[44,163301,157],{"class":58},[44,163303,163304],{"class":111},"products",[44,163306,83],{"class":58},[44,163308,163309],{"class":111}," prices",[44,163311,8473],{"class":58},[44,163313,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163331,163333,163335,163337,163339],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,163315,8200],{"class":153},[44,163317,157],{"class":58},[44,163319,22364],{"class":2182},[44,163321,63],{"class":66},[44,163323,340],{"class":95},[44,163325,27077],{"class":111},[44,163327,22373],{"class":95},[44,163329,163330],{"class":66}," costs $",[44,163332,340],{"class":95},[44,163334,25218],{"class":111},[44,163336,22373],{"class":95},[44,163338,63],{"class":66},[44,163340,162],{"class":58},[20,163342,36525,163343,108],{},[395,163344,163346],{"href":163345},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,163348,163350,163351],{"id":163349},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163352,64254],{},[1960,163354,1821,163356,163358],{"id":163355},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163357,64254],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163360,163361,163363],{},[15,163362,64254],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163365,163366],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,163368,163370],{"className":37,"code":163369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163371,163372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163373,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163375,154],{"class":153},[44,163377,157],{"class":58},[44,163379,11271],{"class":153},[44,163381,157],{"class":58},[44,163383,111685],{"class":111},[44,163385,854],{"class":58},[44,163387,38311],{"class":153},[44,163389,157],{"class":58},[44,163391,80880],{"class":111},[44,163393,1869],{"class":58},[1960,163395,163397],{"id":163396},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163399,68771],{},[35,163401,163403],{"className":37,"code":163402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163404,163405,163441,163445,163458,163468,163472,163484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163406,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425,163427,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163408,834],{"class":50},[44,163410,55],{"class":54},[44,163412,161510],{"class":153},[44,163414,3105],{"class":58},[44,163416,3108],{"class":95},[44,163418,83],{"class":58},[44,163420,1012],{"class":95},[44,163422,18140],{"class":58},[44,163424,3746],{"class":58},[44,163426,63],{"class":62},[44,163428,395],{"class":66},[44,163430,63],{"class":62},[44,163432,83],{"class":58},[44,163434,75],{"class":62},[44,163436,1005],{"class":66},[44,163438,63],{"class":62},[44,163440,4015],{"class":58},[44,163442,163443],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163444,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163446,163447,163449,163451,163453,163456],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163448,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163450,6090],{"class":50},[44,163452,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163454,163455],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163457,6523],{"class":58},[44,163459,163460,163462,163464,163466],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,163461,8200],{"class":153},[44,163463,157],{"class":58},[44,163465,23381],{"class":111},[44,163467,162],{"class":58},[44,163469,163470],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,163471,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163473,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482],{"class":46,"line":1685},[44,163475,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163477,6090],{"class":50},[44,163479,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163481,163455],{"class":50},[44,163483,6523],{"class":58},[44,163485,163486,163488,163490,163492],{"class":46,"line":1697},[44,163487,8200],{"class":153},[44,163489,157],{"class":58},[44,163491,23381],{"class":111},[44,163493,162],{"class":58},[20,163495,163496],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1960,163498,163500],{"id":163499},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163502,163503],{},"This is correct:",[35,163505,163507],{"className":37,"code":163506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163508,163509,163533,163549,163553,163577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163510,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163512,5126],{"class":50},[44,163514,55],{"class":54},[44,163516,3746],{"class":58},[44,163518,63],{"class":62},[44,163520,78],{"class":66},[44,163522,63],{"class":62},[44,163524,83],{"class":58},[44,163526,75],{"class":62},[44,163528,35863],{"class":66},[44,163530,63],{"class":62},[44,163532,3759],{"class":58},[44,163534,163535,163537,163539,163541,163543,163545,163547],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163536,811],{"class":50},[44,163538,55],{"class":54},[44,163540,3746],{"class":58},[44,163542,13596],{"class":95},[44,163544,83],{"class":58},[44,163546,851],{"class":95},[44,163548,3759],{"class":58},[44,163550,163551],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163552,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163554,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563,163565,163567,163569,163571,163573,163575],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,163556,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163558,35914],{"class":50},[44,163560,83],{"class":58},[44,163562,5236],{"class":50},[44,163564,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163566,161510],{"class":153},[44,163568,157],{"class":58},[44,163570,5170],{"class":111},[44,163572,83],{"class":58},[44,163574,5241],{"class":111},[44,163576,8473],{"class":58},[44,163578,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589],{"class":46,"line":702},[44,163580,8200],{"class":153},[44,163582,157],{"class":58},[44,163584,67],{"class":111},[44,163586,83],{"class":58},[44,163588,130798],{"class":111},[44,163590,162],{"class":58},[20,163592,163593],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163595,163597],{"className":37,"code":163596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163598,163599,163619],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163600,163601,163603,163605,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163602,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163604,6090],{"class":50},[44,163606,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163608,161510],{"class":153},[44,163610,157],{"class":58},[44,163612,5170],{"class":111},[44,163614,83],{"class":58},[44,163616,5241],{"class":111},[44,163618,8473],{"class":58},[44,163620,163621,163623,163625,163627],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163622,8200],{"class":153},[44,163624,157],{"class":58},[44,163626,23381],{"class":111},[44,163628,162],{"class":58},[20,163630,330],{},[35,163632,163634],{"className":37,"code":163633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163635,163636,163652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163637,163638,163640,163642,163644,163646,163648,163650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163639,157],{"class":58},[44,163641,343],{"class":62},[44,163643,78],{"class":66},[44,163645,343],{"class":62},[44,163647,83],{"class":58},[44,163649,827],{"class":95},[44,163651,162],{"class":58},[44,163653,163654,163656,163658,163660,163662,163664,163666],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163655,157],{"class":58},[44,163657,343],{"class":62},[44,163659,35863],{"class":66},[44,163661,343],{"class":62},[44,163663,83],{"class":58},[44,163665,851],{"class":95},[44,163667,162],{"class":58},[20,163669,163670],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1960,163672,567,163674,163676,163677],{"id":163673},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163675,64254],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163678,35671],{},[20,163680,172,163681,163683],{},[15,163682,64254],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163685,172,163686,163688],{},[15,163687,35671],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163690,163691],{"className":37,"code":35840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163692,163693,163725,163729,163749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163694,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707,163709,163711,163713,163715,163717,163719,163721,163723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163696,5126],{"class":50},[44,163698,55],{"class":54},[44,163700,3746],{"class":58},[44,163702,63],{"class":62},[44,163704,78],{"class":66},[44,163706,63],{"class":62},[44,163708,83],{"class":58},[44,163710,75],{"class":62},[44,163712,35863],{"class":66},[44,163714,63],{"class":62},[44,163716,83],{"class":58},[44,163718,75],{"class":62},[44,163720,35872],{"class":66},[44,163722,63],{"class":62},[44,163724,3759],{"class":58},[44,163726,163727],{"class":46,"line":102},[44,163728,683],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":682},[44,163730,163731,163733,163735,163737,163739,163741,163743,163745,163747],{"class":46,"line":150},[44,163732,6087],{"class":4002},[44,163734,35743],{"class":50},[44,163736,83],{"class":58},[44,163738,35891],{"class":50},[44,163740,4009],{"class":4002},[44,163742,35753],{"class":153},[44,163744,157],{"class":58},[44,163746,5170],{"class":111},[44,163748,8473],{"class":58},[44,163750,163751,163753,163755,163757,163759,163761],{"class":46,"line":165},[44,163752,8200],{"class":153},[44,163754,157],{"class":58},[44,163756,35768],{"class":111},[44,163758,83],{"class":58},[44,163760,35914],{"class":111},[44,163762,162],{"class":58},[20,163764,163765,163766,108],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[395,163767,3697,163768,3630],{"href":91958},[15,163769,35671],{},[30,163771,1958],{"id":1957},[1960,163773,5273,163775,5276],{"id":163774},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163776,64254],{},[20,163778,163779],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1960,163781,1963,163783,163785],{"id":163782},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163784,64254],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163787,163788],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1960,163790,163792,163793,2610],{"id":163791},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163794,64254],{},[20,163796,163797,163798,108],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163799,162405],{},[1960,163801,163803,163804,2610],{"id":163802},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163805,64254],{},[20,163807,128163,163808,163810],{},[15,163809,162558],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1960,163812,163814],{"id":163813},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163816,163817],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163819,2020],{"id":2019},[192,163821,163822,163827,163833,163837,163841],{},[195,163823,163824],{},[395,163825,163826],{"href":163345},"How to use zip in Python",[195,163828,163829],{},[395,163830,3697,163831,3630],{"href":91958},[15,163832,35671],{},[195,163834,163835],{},[395,163836,5345],{"href":5715},[195,163838,163839],{},[395,163840,69624],{"href":69547},[195,163842,163843],{},[395,163844,2037],{"href":786},[2048,163846,163847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":102,"depth":102,"links":163849},[163850,163851,163853,163854,163855,163856,163864,163870,163879,163890],{"id":32,"depth":102,"text":33},{"id":161569,"depth":102,"text":163852},"What zip() does",{"id":401,"depth":102,"text":402},{"id":161962,"depth":102,"text":161963},{"id":162139,"depth":102,"text":162140},{"id":162391,"depth":102,"text":163857,"children":163858},"Converting zip() output",[163859,163861,163863],{"id":162402,"depth":150,"text":163860},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162555,"depth":150,"text":163862},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162725,"depth":150,"text":162726},{"id":40971,"depth":102,"text":40972,"children":163865},[163866,163867,163868,163869],{"id":162887,"depth":150,"text":162888},{"id":163004,"depth":150,"text":163005},{"id":163105,"depth":150,"text":163106},{"id":163216,"depth":150,"text":163217},{"id":163349,"depth":102,"text":163871,"children":163872},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163873,163875,163876,163877],{"id":163355,"depth":150,"text":163874},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163396,"depth":150,"text":163397},{"id":163499,"depth":150,"text":163500},{"id":163673,"depth":150,"text":163878},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1957,"depth":102,"text":1958,"children":163880},[163881,163883,163885,163887,163889],{"id":163774,"depth":150,"text":163882},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163782,"depth":150,"text":163884},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163791,"depth":150,"text":163886},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163802,"depth":150,"text":163888},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163813,"depth":150,"text":163814},{"id":2019,"depth":102,"text":2020},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161411,"description":163891},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945050491]