[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163969},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method":3,"nav-reference":2201},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2194,"extension":2195,"meta":2196,"navigation":145,"path":2197,"seo":2198,"stem":2199,"__hash__":2200},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2157},"minimark",[9,19,27,30,35,180,183,245,250,257,273,281,285,301,304,319,337,343,351,359,362,480,482,531,537,614,616,637,641,644,757,759,814,817,846,850,857,950,952,972,975,986,1000,1004,1010,1120,1122,1149,1152,1163,1169,1179,1182,1199,1202,1292,1294,1361,1364,1388,1392,1397,1405,1410,1413,1456,1462,1465,1485,1500,1507,1510,1583,1585,1608,1614,1617,1640,1646,1649,1714,1717,1794,1803,1806,1866,1872,1874,1893,1897,1900,1954,1957,1977,1980,2042,2046,2053,2059,2066,2073,2080,2085,2091,2094,2103,2111,2115,2153],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-dictionary-values-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"values()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,26],"p",{},"The Python ",[15,24,25],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,28,29],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[31,32,34],"h2",{"id":33},"quick-example","Quick example",[36,37,42],"pre",{"className":38,"code":39,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n","python","",[15,43,44,119,140,147,162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46,49,53,57,61,65,69,71,74,77,80,82,85,87,90,92,94,98,100,102,105,107,109,111,114,116],"span",{"class":47,"line":48},"line",1,[45,50,52],{"class":51},"su5hD","student ",[45,54,56],{"class":55},"smGrS","=",[45,58,60],{"class":59},"sP7_E"," {",[45,62,64],{"class":63},"sjJ54","\"",[45,66,68],{"class":67},"s_sjI","name",[45,70,64],{"class":63},[45,72,73],{"class":59},":",[45,75,76],{"class":63}," \"",[45,78,79],{"class":67},"Ana",[45,81,64],{"class":63},[45,83,84],{"class":59},",",[45,86,76],{"class":63},[45,88,89],{"class":67},"age",[45,91,64],{"class":63},[45,93,73],{"class":59},[45,95,97],{"class":96},"srdBf"," 20",[45,99,84],{"class":59},[45,101,76],{"class":63},[45,103,104],{"class":67},"city",[45,106,64],{"class":63},[45,108,73],{"class":59},[45,110,76],{"class":63},[45,112,113],{"class":67},"Lima",[45,115,64],{"class":63},[45,117,118],{"class":59},"}\n",[45,120,122,125,127,130,133,137],{"class":47,"line":121},2,[45,123,124],{"class":51},"values ",[45,126,56],{"class":55},[45,128,129],{"class":51}," student",[45,131,132],{"class":59},".",[45,134,136],{"class":135},"slqww","values",[45,138,139],{"class":59},"()\n",[45,141,143],{"class":47,"line":142},3,[45,144,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},true,"\n",[45,148,150,154,157,159],{"class":47,"line":149},4,[45,151,153],{"class":152},"sptTA","print",[45,155,156],{"class":59},"(",[45,158,136],{"class":135},[45,160,161],{"class":59},")\n",[45,163,165,167,169,173,175,177],{"class":47,"line":164},5,[45,166,153],{"class":152},[45,168,156],{"class":59},[45,170,172],{"class":171},"sZMiF","list",[45,174,156],{"class":59},[45,176,136],{"class":135},[45,178,179],{"class":59},"))\n",[20,181,182],{},"Output:",[36,184,186],{"className":38,"code":185,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,187,188,219],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,189,190,193,196,199,201,203,205,207,209,212,214,216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,191,192],{"class":135},"dict_values",[45,194,195],{"class":59},"([",[45,197,198],{"class":63},"'",[45,200,79],{"class":67},[45,202,198],{"class":63},[45,204,84],{"class":59},[45,206,97],{"class":96},[45,208,84],{"class":59},[45,210,211],{"class":63}," '",[45,213,113],{"class":67},[45,215,198],{"class":63},[45,217,218],{"class":59},"])\n",[45,220,221,224,226,228,230,232,234,236,238,240,242],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,222,223],{"class":59},"[",[45,225,198],{"class":63},[45,227,79],{"class":67},[45,229,198],{"class":63},[45,231,84],{"class":59},[45,233,97],{"class":96},[45,235,84],{"class":59},[45,237,211],{"class":63},[45,239,113],{"class":67},[45,241,198],{"class":63},[45,243,244],{"class":59},"]\n",[20,246,247,249],{},[15,248,17],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[31,251,253,254,256],{"id":252},"what-values-does","What ",[15,255,17],{}," does",[258,259,260,264,267,270],"ul",{},[261,262,263],"li",{},"It is used on a dictionary",[261,265,266],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[261,268,269],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[261,271,272],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,274,275,276,132],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[277,278,280],"a",{"href":279},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[31,282,284],{"id":283},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[36,286,288],{"className":38,"code":287,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,289,290],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,291,292,295,297,299],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,293,294],{"class":51},"my_dict",[45,296,132],{"class":59},[45,298,136],{"class":135},[45,300,139],{"class":59},[20,302,303],{},"Key points:",[258,305,306,311,314],{},[261,307,308,310],{},[15,309,17],{}," takes no arguments",[261,312,313],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[261,315,316,317],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,318,17],{},[20,320,321,322,329,330,132],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[277,323,325,328],{"href":324},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,326,327],{},"keys()"," for dictionary keys"," and ",[277,331,333,336],{"href":332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,334,335],{},"items()"," for key-value pairs",[31,338,253,340,342],{"id":339},"what-values-returns",[15,341,17],{}," returns",[20,344,345,347,348,350],{},[15,346,17],{}," returns a ",[15,349,192],{}," object.",[20,352,353,354,358],{},"This object is a ",[355,356,357],"strong",{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,360,361],{},"Example:",[36,363,365],{"className":38,"code":364,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,366,367,406,410,426,437,441,469],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,368,369,372,374,376,378,380,382,384,386,389,391,393,395,397,399,401,404],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,370,371],{"class":51},"person ",[45,373,56],{"class":55},[45,375,60],{"class":59},[45,377,64],{"class":63},[45,379,68],{"class":67},[45,381,64],{"class":63},[45,383,73],{"class":59},[45,385,76],{"class":63},[45,387,388],{"class":67},"Mia",[45,390,64],{"class":63},[45,392,84],{"class":59},[45,394,76],{"class":63},[45,396,89],{"class":67},[45,398,64],{"class":63},[45,400,73],{"class":59},[45,402,403],{"class":96}," 25",[45,405,118],{"class":59},[45,407,408],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,409,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,411,412,415,417,420,422,424],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,413,414],{"class":51},"values_view ",[45,416,56],{"class":55},[45,418,419],{"class":51}," person",[45,421,132],{"class":59},[45,423,136],{"class":135},[45,425,139],{"class":59},[45,427,428,430,432,435],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,429,153],{"class":152},[45,431,156],{"class":59},[45,433,434],{"class":135},"values_view",[45,436,161],{"class":59},[45,438,439],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,440,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,442,444,447,449,451,453,455,458,461,463,466],{"class":47,"line":443},6,[45,445,446],{"class":51},"person",[45,448,223],{"class":59},[45,450,64],{"class":63},[45,452,104],{"class":67},[45,454,64],{"class":63},[45,456,457],{"class":59},"]",[45,459,460],{"class":55}," =",[45,462,76],{"class":63},[45,464,465],{"class":67},"Quito",[45,467,468],{"class":63},"\"\n",[45,470,472,474,476,478],{"class":47,"line":471},7,[45,473,153],{"class":152},[45,475,156],{"class":59},[45,477,434],{"class":135},[45,479,161],{"class":59},[20,481,182],{},[36,483,485],{"className":38,"code":484,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,486,487,505],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,488,489,491,493,495,497,499,501,503],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,490,192],{"class":135},[45,492,195],{"class":59},[45,494,198],{"class":63},[45,496,388],{"class":67},[45,498,198],{"class":63},[45,500,84],{"class":59},[45,502,403],{"class":96},[45,504,218],{"class":59},[45,506,507,509,511,513,515,517,519,521,523,525,527,529],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,508,192],{"class":135},[45,510,195],{"class":59},[45,512,198],{"class":63},[45,514,388],{"class":67},[45,516,198],{"class":63},[45,518,84],{"class":59},[45,520,403],{"class":96},[45,522,84],{"class":59},[45,524,211],{"class":63},[45,526,465],{"class":67},[45,528,198],{"class":63},[45,530,218],{"class":59},[20,532,533,534,132],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,535,536],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[36,538,540],{"className":38,"code":539,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,541,542,578,599,603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,543,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558,560,562,564,566,568,570,572,574,576],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,545,371],{"class":51},[45,547,56],{"class":55},[45,549,60],{"class":59},[45,551,64],{"class":63},[45,553,68],{"class":67},[45,555,64],{"class":63},[45,557,73],{"class":59},[45,559,76],{"class":63},[45,561,388],{"class":67},[45,563,64],{"class":63},[45,565,84],{"class":59},[45,567,76],{"class":63},[45,569,89],{"class":67},[45,571,64],{"class":63},[45,573,73],{"class":59},[45,575,403],{"class":96},[45,577,118],{"class":59},[45,579,580,583,585,588,590,592,594,596],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,581,582],{"class":51},"values_list ",[45,584,56],{"class":55},[45,586,587],{"class":171}," list",[45,589,156],{"class":59},[45,591,446],{"class":135},[45,593,132],{"class":59},[45,595,136],{"class":135},[45,597,598],{"class":59},"())\n",[45,600,601],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,602,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,604,605,607,609,612],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,606,153],{"class":152},[45,608,156],{"class":59},[45,610,611],{"class":135},"values_list",[45,613,161],{"class":59},[20,615,182],{},[36,617,619],{"className":38,"code":618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,620,621],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,622,623,625,627,629,631,633,635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,624,223],{"class":59},[45,626,198],{"class":63},[45,628,388],{"class":67},[45,630,198],{"class":63},[45,632,84],{"class":59},[45,634,403],{"class":96},[45,636,244],{"class":59},[31,638,640],{"id":639},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,642,643],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[36,645,647],{"className":38,"code":646,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,648,649,708,712,728,732,743],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,650,651,654,656,658,660,663,665,667,669,672,674,676,678,681,683,685,688,690,692,695,697,699,701,704,706],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,652,653],{"class":51},"car ",[45,655,56],{"class":55},[45,657,60],{"class":59},[45,659,64],{"class":63},[45,661,662],{"class":67},"brand",[45,664,64],{"class":63},[45,666,73],{"class":59},[45,668,76],{"class":63},[45,670,671],{"class":67},"Toyota",[45,673,64],{"class":63},[45,675,84],{"class":59},[45,677,76],{"class":63},[45,679,680],{"class":67},"year",[45,682,64],{"class":63},[45,684,73],{"class":59},[45,686,687],{"class":96}," 2022",[45,689,84],{"class":59},[45,691,76],{"class":63},[45,693,694],{"class":67},"color",[45,696,64],{"class":63},[45,698,73],{"class":59},[45,700,76],{"class":63},[45,702,703],{"class":67},"blue",[45,705,64],{"class":63},[45,707,118],{"class":59},[45,709,710],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,711,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,713,714,717,719,722,724,726],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,715,716],{"class":51},"result ",[45,718,56],{"class":55},[45,720,721],{"class":51}," car",[45,723,132],{"class":59},[45,725,136],{"class":135},[45,727,139],{"class":59},[45,729,730],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,731,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,733,734,736,738,741],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,735,153],{"class":152},[45,737,156],{"class":59},[45,739,740],{"class":135},"result",[45,742,161],{"class":59},[45,744,745,747,749,751,753,755],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,746,153],{"class":152},[45,748,156],{"class":59},[45,750,172],{"class":171},[45,752,156],{"class":59},[45,754,740],{"class":135},[45,756,179],{"class":59},[20,758,182],{},[36,760,762],{"className":38,"code":761,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,763,764,790],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,765,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786,788],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,767,192],{"class":135},[45,769,195],{"class":59},[45,771,198],{"class":63},[45,773,671],{"class":67},[45,775,198],{"class":63},[45,777,84],{"class":59},[45,779,687],{"class":96},[45,781,84],{"class":59},[45,783,211],{"class":63},[45,785,703],{"class":67},[45,787,198],{"class":63},[45,789,218],{"class":59},[45,791,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,808,810,812],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,793,223],{"class":59},[45,795,198],{"class":63},[45,797,671],{"class":67},[45,799,198],{"class":63},[45,801,84],{"class":59},[45,803,687],{"class":96},[45,805,84],{"class":59},[45,807,211],{"class":63},[45,809,703],{"class":67},[45,811,198],{"class":63},[45,813,244],{"class":59},[20,815,816],{},"What happens here:",[258,818,819,825,831,840],{},[261,820,821,824],{},[15,822,823],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[261,826,827,830],{},[15,828,829],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[261,832,833,836,837,839],{},[15,834,835],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,838,192],{}," object",[261,841,842,845],{},[15,843,844],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[31,847,849],{"id":848},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,851,852,853,856],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,854,855],{},"for"," loop.",[36,858,860],{"className":38,"code":859,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,861,862,913,917,938],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,863,864,867,869,871,873,876,878,880,883,885,887,890,892,894,897,899,901,904,906,908,911],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,865,866],{"class":51},"scores ",[45,868,56],{"class":55},[45,870,60],{"class":59},[45,872,64],{"class":63},[45,874,875],{"class":67},"math",[45,877,64],{"class":63},[45,879,73],{"class":59},[45,881,882],{"class":96}," 90",[45,884,84],{"class":59},[45,886,76],{"class":63},[45,888,889],{"class":67},"english",[45,891,64],{"class":63},[45,893,73],{"class":59},[45,895,896],{"class":96}," 85",[45,898,84],{"class":59},[45,900,76],{"class":63},[45,902,903],{"class":67},"science",[45,905,64],{"class":63},[45,907,73],{"class":59},[45,909,910],{"class":96}," 88",[45,912,118],{"class":59},[45,914,915],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,916,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,918,919,922,925,928,931,933,935],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,920,855],{"class":921},"sVHd0",[45,923,924],{"class":51}," value ",[45,926,927],{"class":921},"in",[45,929,930],{"class":51}," scores",[45,932,132],{"class":59},[45,934,136],{"class":135},[45,936,937],{"class":59},"():\n",[45,939,940,943,945,948],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,941,942],{"class":152},"    print",[45,944,156],{"class":59},[45,946,947],{"class":135},"value",[45,949,161],{"class":59},[20,951,182],{},[36,953,955],{"className":38,"code":954,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,956,957,962,967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,958,959],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,960,961],{"class":96},"90\n",[45,963,964],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,965,966],{"class":96},"85\n",[45,968,969],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,970,971],{"class":96},"88\n",[20,973,974],{},"This is useful when:",[258,976,977,980,983],{},[261,978,979],{},"You only need the values",[261,981,982],{},"You do not care about the keys",[261,984,985],{},"You want simpler code",[20,987,988,989,995,996,132],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[277,990,991,992,994],{"href":332},"Python dictionary ",[15,993,335],{}," method"," or ",[277,997,999],{"href":998},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[31,1001,1003],{"id":1002},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,1005,1006,1007,1009],{},"Use ",[15,1008,536],{}," when you need a list.",[36,1011,1013],{"className":38,"code":1012,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,1014,1015,1066,1070,1090,1094,1105],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1016,1017,1020,1022,1024,1026,1029,1031,1033,1036,1038,1040,1043,1045,1047,1050,1052,1054,1057,1059,1061,1064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1018,1019],{"class":51},"fruit_prices ",[45,1021,56],{"class":55},[45,1023,60],{"class":59},[45,1025,64],{"class":63},[45,1027,1028],{"class":67},"apple",[45,1030,64],{"class":63},[45,1032,73],{"class":59},[45,1034,1035],{"class":96}," 2",[45,1037,84],{"class":59},[45,1039,76],{"class":63},[45,1041,1042],{"class":67},"banana",[45,1044,64],{"class":63},[45,1046,73],{"class":59},[45,1048,1049],{"class":96}," 1",[45,1051,84],{"class":59},[45,1053,76],{"class":63},[45,1055,1056],{"class":67},"orange",[45,1058,64],{"class":63},[45,1060,73],{"class":59},[45,1062,1063],{"class":96}," 3",[45,1065,118],{"class":59},[45,1067,1068],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1069,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1071,1072,1075,1077,1079,1081,1084,1086,1088],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1073,1074],{"class":51},"price_list ",[45,1076,56],{"class":55},[45,1078,587],{"class":171},[45,1080,156],{"class":59},[45,1082,1083],{"class":135},"fruit_prices",[45,1085,132],{"class":59},[45,1087,136],{"class":135},[45,1089,598],{"class":59},[45,1091,1092],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,1093,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1095,1096,1098,1100,1103],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,1097,153],{"class":152},[45,1099,156],{"class":59},[45,1101,1102],{"class":135},"price_list",[45,1104,161],{"class":59},[45,1106,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1118],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,1108,153],{"class":152},[45,1110,156],{"class":59},[45,1112,1102],{"class":135},[45,1114,223],{"class":59},[45,1116,1117],{"class":96},"0",[45,1119,218],{"class":59},[20,1121,182],{},[36,1123,1125],{"className":38,"code":1124,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,1126,1127,1144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1128,1129,1131,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1130,223],{"class":59},[45,1132,1133],{"class":96},"2",[45,1135,84],{"class":59},[45,1137,1049],{"class":96},[45,1139,84],{"class":59},[45,1141,1063],{"class":96},[45,1143,244],{"class":59},[45,1145,1146],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1147,1148],{"class":96},"2\n",[20,1150,1151],{},"This is helpful for:",[258,1153,1154,1157,1160],{},[261,1155,1156],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[261,1158,1159],{},"Accessing values by index",[261,1161,1162],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,1164,1165,1166,1168],{},"This matters because ",[15,1167,192],{}," is not the same as a list.",[31,1170,1172,1174,1175,1174,1177],{"id":1171},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,1173,17],{}," vs ",[15,1176,327],{},[15,1178,335],{},[20,1180,1181],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[258,1183,1184,1189,1194],{},[261,1185,1186,1188],{},[15,1187,17],{}," returns only the values",[261,1190,1191,1193],{},[15,1192,327],{}," returns only the keys",[261,1195,1196,1198],{},[15,1197,335],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,1200,1201],{},"Examples:",[36,1203,1205],{"className":38,"code":1204,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,1206,1207,1243,1247,1263,1277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1208,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225,1227,1229,1231,1233,1235,1237,1239,1241],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1210,52],{"class":51},[45,1212,56],{"class":55},[45,1214,60],{"class":59},[45,1216,64],{"class":63},[45,1218,68],{"class":67},[45,1220,64],{"class":63},[45,1222,73],{"class":59},[45,1224,76],{"class":63},[45,1226,79],{"class":67},[45,1228,64],{"class":63},[45,1230,84],{"class":59},[45,1232,76],{"class":63},[45,1234,89],{"class":67},[45,1236,64],{"class":63},[45,1238,73],{"class":59},[45,1240,97],{"class":96},[45,1242,118],{"class":59},[45,1244,1245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1246,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1248,1249,1251,1253,1256,1258,1261],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1250,153],{"class":152},[45,1252,156],{"class":59},[45,1254,1255],{"class":135},"student",[45,1257,132],{"class":59},[45,1259,1260],{"class":135},"keys",[45,1262,598],{"class":59},[45,1264,1265,1267,1269,1271,1273,1275],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,1266,153],{"class":152},[45,1268,156],{"class":59},[45,1270,1255],{"class":135},[45,1272,132],{"class":59},[45,1274,136],{"class":135},[45,1276,598],{"class":59},[45,1278,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1290],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,1280,153],{"class":152},[45,1282,156],{"class":59},[45,1284,1255],{"class":135},[45,1286,132],{"class":59},[45,1288,1289],{"class":135},"items",[45,1291,598],{"class":59},[20,1293,182],{},[36,1295,1297],{"className":38,"code":1296,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,1298,1299,1322,1340],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1300,1301,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1302,1303],{"class":135},"dict_keys",[45,1305,195],{"class":59},[45,1307,198],{"class":63},[45,1309,68],{"class":67},[45,1311,198],{"class":63},[45,1313,84],{"class":59},[45,1315,211],{"class":63},[45,1317,89],{"class":67},[45,1319,198],{"class":63},[45,1321,218],{"class":59},[45,1323,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1325,192],{"class":135},[45,1327,195],{"class":59},[45,1329,198],{"class":63},[45,1331,79],{"class":67},[45,1333,198],{"class":63},[45,1335,84],{"class":59},[45,1337,97],{"class":96},[45,1339,218],{"class":59},[45,1341,1342,1345,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1343,1344],{"class":135},"dict_items",[45,1346,1347],{"class":59},"([(",[45,1349,198],{"class":63},[45,1351,68],{"class":67},[45,1353,198],{"class":63},[45,1355,84],{"class":59},[45,1357,97],{"class":96},[45,1359,1360],{"class":59},")])\n",[20,1362,1363],{},"Use:",[258,1365,1366,1373,1381],{},[261,1367,1368,1372],{},[277,1369,1370],{"href":324},[15,1371,327],{}," when you need just the keys",[261,1374,1375,1380],{},[277,1376,1378],{"href":1377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,1379,17],{}," when you need just the values",[261,1382,1383,1387],{},[277,1384,1385],{"href":332},[15,1386,335],{}," when you need both",[31,1389,1391],{"id":1390},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[20,1393,1394,1395,132],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,1396,17],{},[1398,1399,1401,1402,1404],"h3",{"id":1400},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type","Calling ",[15,1403,17],{}," on the wrong type",[20,1406,1407,1409],{},[15,1408,17],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,1411,1412],{},"Wrong:",[36,1414,1416],{"className":38,"code":1415,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,1417,1418,1441],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1419,1420,1423,1425,1428,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1421,1422],{"class":51},"my_list ",[45,1424,56],{"class":55},[45,1426,1427],{"class":59}," [",[45,1429,1430],{"class":96},"1",[45,1432,84],{"class":59},[45,1434,1035],{"class":96},[45,1436,84],{"class":59},[45,1438,1063],{"class":96},[45,1440,244],{"class":59},[45,1442,1443,1445,1447,1450,1452,1454],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1444,153],{"class":152},[45,1446,156],{"class":59},[45,1448,1449],{"class":135},"my_list",[45,1451,132],{"class":59},[45,1453,136],{"class":135},[45,1455,598],{"class":59},[20,1457,1458,1459,1461],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,1460,17],{}," method.",[20,1463,1464],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[36,1466,1468],{"className":38,"code":1467,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,1469,1470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1471,1472,1474,1476,1479,1481,1483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1473,153],{"class":152},[45,1475,156],{"class":59},[45,1477,1478],{"class":171},"type",[45,1480,156],{"class":59},[45,1482,1449],{"class":135},[45,1484,179],{"class":59},[20,1486,1487,1488,1491,1492,132],{},"If you get an ",[15,1489,1490],{},"AttributeError",", see ",[277,1493,1495,1496,1499],{"href":1494},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1497,1498],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors",[1398,1501,1503,1504,1506],{"id":1502},"assuming-values-returns-a-list","Assuming ",[15,1505,17],{}," returns a list",[20,1508,1509],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[36,1511,1513],{"className":38,"code":1512,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,1514,1515,1551,1565,1569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1516,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1518,52],{"class":51},[45,1520,56],{"class":55},[45,1522,60],{"class":59},[45,1524,64],{"class":63},[45,1526,68],{"class":67},[45,1528,64],{"class":63},[45,1530,73],{"class":59},[45,1532,76],{"class":63},[45,1534,79],{"class":67},[45,1536,64],{"class":63},[45,1538,84],{"class":59},[45,1540,76],{"class":63},[45,1542,89],{"class":67},[45,1544,64],{"class":63},[45,1546,73],{"class":59},[45,1548,97],{"class":96},[45,1550,118],{"class":59},[45,1552,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1554,124],{"class":51},[45,1556,56],{"class":55},[45,1558,129],{"class":51},[45,1560,132],{"class":59},[45,1562,136],{"class":135},[45,1564,139],{"class":59},[45,1566,1567],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1568,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1570,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,1572,153],{"class":152},[45,1574,156],{"class":59},[45,1576,1478],{"class":171},[45,1578,156],{"class":59},[45,1580,136],{"class":135},[45,1582,179],{"class":59},[20,1584,182],{},[36,1586,1588],{"className":38,"code":1587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,1589,1590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1591,1592,1595,1599,1601,1603,1605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1593,1594],{"class":55},"\u003C",[45,1596,1598],{"class":1597},"sbsja","class",[45,1600,211],{"class":63},[45,1602,192],{"class":67},[45,1604,198],{"class":63},[45,1606,1607],{"class":55},">\n",[20,1609,1610,1611,1613],{},"It returns ",[15,1612,192],{},", not a list.",[20,1615,1616],{},"If you need a list:",[36,1618,1620],{"className":38,"code":1619,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,1621,1622],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1623,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1625,124],{"class":51},[45,1627,56],{"class":55},[45,1629,587],{"class":171},[45,1631,156],{"class":59},[45,1633,1255],{"class":135},[45,1635,132],{"class":59},[45,1637,136],{"class":135},[45,1639,598],{"class":59},[1398,1641,1643,1644],{"id":1642},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,1645,192],{},[20,1647,1648],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[36,1650,1652],{"className":38,"code":1651,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,1653,1654,1690,1704,1708],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1655,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1657,52],{"class":51},[45,1659,56],{"class":55},[45,1661,60],{"class":59},[45,1663,64],{"class":63},[45,1665,68],{"class":67},[45,1667,64],{"class":63},[45,1669,73],{"class":59},[45,1671,76],{"class":63},[45,1673,79],{"class":67},[45,1675,64],{"class":63},[45,1677,84],{"class":59},[45,1679,76],{"class":63},[45,1681,89],{"class":67},[45,1683,64],{"class":63},[45,1685,73],{"class":59},[45,1687,97],{"class":96},[45,1689,118],{"class":59},[45,1691,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1693,124],{"class":51},[45,1695,56],{"class":55},[45,1697,129],{"class":51},[45,1699,132],{"class":59},[45,1701,136],{"class":135},[45,1703,139],{"class":59},[45,1705,1706],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1707,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1709,1710],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,1711,1713],{"class":1712},"sutJx","# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,1715,1716],{},"Convert to a list first:",[36,1718,1720],{"className":38,"code":1719,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,1721,1722,1758,1776,1780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1723,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1725,52],{"class":51},[45,1727,56],{"class":55},[45,1729,60],{"class":59},[45,1731,64],{"class":63},[45,1733,68],{"class":67},[45,1735,64],{"class":63},[45,1737,73],{"class":59},[45,1739,76],{"class":63},[45,1741,79],{"class":67},[45,1743,64],{"class":63},[45,1745,84],{"class":59},[45,1747,76],{"class":63},[45,1749,89],{"class":67},[45,1751,64],{"class":63},[45,1753,73],{"class":59},[45,1755,97],{"class":96},[45,1757,118],{"class":59},[45,1759,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1761,124],{"class":51},[45,1763,56],{"class":55},[45,1765,587],{"class":171},[45,1767,156],{"class":59},[45,1769,1255],{"class":135},[45,1771,132],{"class":59},[45,1773,136],{"class":135},[45,1775,598],{"class":59},[45,1777,1778],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1779,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1781,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,1783,153],{"class":152},[45,1785,156],{"class":59},[45,1787,136],{"class":135},[45,1789,223],{"class":59},[45,1791,1117],{"class":96},[45,1793,218],{"class":59},[1398,1795,1797,1798,1800,1801],{"id":1796},"using-values-instead-of-values","Using ",[15,1799,136],{}," instead of ",[15,1802,17],{},[20,1804,1805],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[36,1807,1809],{"className":38,"code":1808,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,1810,1811,1847,1851],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1812,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829,1831,1833,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1814,52],{"class":51},[45,1816,56],{"class":55},[45,1818,60],{"class":59},[45,1820,64],{"class":63},[45,1822,68],{"class":67},[45,1824,64],{"class":63},[45,1826,73],{"class":59},[45,1828,76],{"class":63},[45,1830,79],{"class":67},[45,1832,64],{"class":63},[45,1834,84],{"class":59},[45,1836,76],{"class":63},[45,1838,89],{"class":67},[45,1840,64],{"class":63},[45,1842,73],{"class":59},[45,1844,97],{"class":96},[45,1846,118],{"class":59},[45,1848,1849],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1850,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,1852,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1864],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1854,153],{"class":152},[45,1856,156],{"class":59},[45,1858,1255],{"class":135},[45,1860,132],{"class":59},[45,1862,136],{"class":1863},"skxfh",[45,1865,161],{"class":59},[20,1867,1868,1871],{},[15,1869,1870],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,1873,1363],{},[36,1875,1877],{"className":38,"code":1876,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(student.values())\n",[15,1878,1879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1880,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1882,153],{"class":152},[45,1884,156],{"class":59},[45,1886,1255],{"class":135},[45,1888,132],{"class":59},[45,1890,136],{"class":135},[45,1892,598],{"class":59},[1398,1894,1896],{"id":1895},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,1898,1899],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[36,1901,1903],{"className":38,"code":1902,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,1904,1905,1939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1906,1907,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928,1931,1933,1935,1937],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1908,1909],{"class":51},"data ",[45,1911,56],{"class":55},[45,1913,60],{"class":59},[45,1915,64],{"class":63},[45,1917,277],{"class":67},[45,1919,64],{"class":63},[45,1921,73],{"class":59},[45,1923,1049],{"class":96},[45,1925,84],{"class":59},[45,1927,76],{"class":63},[45,1929,1930],{"class":67},"b",[45,1932,64],{"class":63},[45,1934,73],{"class":59},[45,1936,1035],{"class":96},[45,1938,118],{"class":59},[45,1940,1941,1943,1945,1948,1950,1952],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1942,153],{"class":152},[45,1944,156],{"class":59},[45,1946,1947],{"class":135},"data",[45,1949,132],{"class":59},[45,1951,136],{"class":135},[45,1953,598],{"class":59},[20,1955,1956],{},"Not like this:",[36,1958,1960],{"className":38,"code":1959,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,1961,1962,1967,1972],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1963,1964],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1965,1966],{"class":1712},"# Wrong examples:\n",[45,1968,1969],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,1970,1971],{"class":1712},"# data().values()\n",[45,1973,1974],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,1975,1976],{"class":1712},"# values(data)\n",[20,1978,1979],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[36,1981,1983],{"className":38,"code":1982,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,1984,1985,1999,2009,2023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,1986,1987,1989,1991,1993,1995,1997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,1988,153],{"class":152},[45,1990,156],{"class":59},[45,1992,1478],{"class":171},[45,1994,156],{"class":59},[45,1996,294],{"class":135},[45,1998,179],{"class":59},[45,2000,2001,2003,2005,2007],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2002,153],{"class":152},[45,2004,156],{"class":59},[45,2006,294],{"class":135},[45,2008,161],{"class":59},[45,2010,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2021],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2012,153],{"class":152},[45,2014,156],{"class":59},[45,2016,294],{"class":135},[45,2018,132],{"class":59},[45,2020,136],{"class":135},[45,2022,598],{"class":59},[45,2024,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,2026,153],{"class":152},[45,2028,156],{"class":59},[45,2030,172],{"class":171},[45,2032,156],{"class":59},[45,2034,294],{"class":135},[45,2036,132],{"class":59},[45,2038,136],{"class":135},[45,2040,2041],{"class":59},"()))\n",[31,2043,2045],{"id":2044},"faq","FAQ",[1398,2047,2049,2050,2052],{"id":2048},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python","What does ",[15,2051,25],{}," return in Python?",[20,2054,2055,2056,2058],{},"It returns a ",[15,2057,192],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1398,2060,2062,2063,2065],{"id":2061},"does-values-return-a-list","Does ",[15,2064,17],{}," return a list?",[20,2067,2068,2069,2072],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,2070,2071],{},"list(...)"," if you need a list.",[1398,2074,2076,2077,2079],{"id":2075},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues","Can I loop through ",[15,2078,25],{},"?",[20,2081,2082,2083,856],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,2084,855],{},[1398,2086,2062,2088,2090],{"id":2087},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,2089,25],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,2092,2093],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1398,2095,2097,2098,2100,2101,2079],{"id":2096},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,2099,17],{}," different from ",[15,2102,335],{},[20,2104,2105,2107,2108,2110],{},[15,2106,17],{}," returns only values. ",[15,2109,335],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[31,2112,2114],{"id":2113},"see-also","See also",[258,2116,2117,2123,2129,2134,2140,2145],{},[261,2118,2119],{},[277,2120,991,2121,994],{"href":324},[15,2122,327],{},[261,2124,2125],{},[277,2126,991,2127,994],{"href":332},[15,2128,335],{},[261,2130,2131],{},[277,2132,2133],{"href":279},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[261,2135,2136],{},[277,2137,2139],{"href":2138},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[261,2141,2142],{},[277,2143,2144],{"href":998},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[261,2146,2147],{},[277,2148,2149,2150],{"href":1494},"Fix ",[15,2151,2152],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2154,2155,2156],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":2158},[2159,2160,2162,2163,2165,2166,2167,2168,2170,2181,2193],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":252,"depth":121,"text":2161},"What values() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":339,"depth":121,"text":2164},"What values() returns",{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":848,"depth":121,"text":849},{"id":1002,"depth":121,"text":1003},{"id":1171,"depth":121,"text":2169},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":2171},[2172,2174,2176,2178,2180],{"id":1400,"depth":142,"text":2173},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":1502,"depth":142,"text":2175},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":1642,"depth":142,"text":2177},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":1796,"depth":142,"text":2179},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":1895,"depth":142,"text":1896},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":2182},[2183,2185,2187,2189,2191],{"id":2048,"depth":142,"text":2184},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":2061,"depth":142,"text":2186},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":2075,"depth":142,"text":2188},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":2087,"depth":142,"text":2190},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":2096,"depth":142,"text":2192},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",{"title":5,"description":2194},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",[2202,3794,5498,7194,9328,11517,13029,15196,17391,19845,21683,24238,26323,28605,30550,32459,34293,35733,37562,40087,42249,43478,44849,46497,48818,50662,52644,54338,55591,57285,59036,61008,62758,64858,66218,68169,69732,71723,73518,75418,77860,79938,82578,84607,86570,88758,90762,93075,94757,96202,97396,98574,100414,102854,104558,106573,108097,109342,110505,111887,113958,115855,117629,119495,121614,123354,124816,126410,128333,130010,131945,133434,136218,137795,139354,141382,143334,144797,145986,147872,149283,150979,152533,153955,155358,157256,159650,161481],{"id":2203,"title":2204,"body":2205,"description":3788,"extension":2195,"meta":3789,"navigation":145,"path":3790,"seo":3791,"stem":3792,"__hash__":3793},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2206,"toc":3760},[2207,2210,2217,2220,2231,2234,2236,2300,2302,2322,2327,2331,2336,2339,2354,2356,2382,2385,2387,2390,2406,2409,2436,2438,2496,2498,2513,2523,2534,2538,2541,2595,2597,2617,2620,2644,2651,2655,2660,2666,2668,2705,2707,2716,2722,2740,2743,2755,2759,2764,2768,2771,2792,2794,2852,2854,2862,2865,2869,2901,2903,2911,2914,2918,2923,2971,2973,2981,2985,3045,3047,3055,3058,3062,3066,3069,3092,3101,3116,3167,3169,3184,3195,3199,3202,3230,3237,3241,3246,3287,3289,3300,3303,3346,3348,3356,3360,3365,3387,3389,3398,3407,3411,3416,3438,3440,3510,3512,3559,3562,3565,3567,3646,3648,3679,3681,3685,3688,3692,3695,3699,3702,3706,3718,3722,3725,3727,3757],[10,2208,2204],{"id":2209},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2211,2212,2213,2216],{},"The ",[15,2214,2215],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2218,2219],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[258,2221,2222,2225,2228],{},[261,2223,2224],{},"a number without its negative sign",[261,2226,2227],{},"the distance between two numbers",[261,2229,2230],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2232,2233],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[31,2235,34],{"id":33},[36,2237,2239],{"className":38,"code":2238,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2240,2241,2260,2275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2242,2243,2245,2247,2250,2252,2255,2258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2244,153],{"class":152},[45,2246,156],{"class":59},[45,2248,2249],{"class":152},"abs",[45,2251,156],{"class":59},[45,2253,2254],{"class":55},"-",[45,2256,2257],{"class":96},"7",[45,2259,179],{"class":59},[45,2261,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270,2273],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2263,153],{"class":152},[45,2265,156],{"class":59},[45,2267,2249],{"class":152},[45,2269,156],{"class":59},[45,2271,2272],{"class":96},"3.5",[45,2274,179],{"class":59},[45,2276,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2292,2295,2298],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2278,153],{"class":152},[45,2280,156],{"class":59},[45,2282,2249],{"class":152},[45,2284,156],{"class":59},[45,2286,2254],{"class":55},[45,2288,1133],{"class":96},[45,2290,2291],{"class":55},"+",[45,2293,2294],{"class":96},"3",[45,2296,2297],{"class":1597},"j",[45,2299,179],{"class":59},[20,2301,182],{},[36,2303,2305],{"className":38,"code":2304,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2306,2307,2312,2317],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2308,2309],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2310,2311],{"class":96},"7\n",[45,2313,2314],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2315,2316],{"class":96},"3.5\n",[45,2318,2319],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2320,2321],{"class":96},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2323,1006,2324,2326],{},[15,2325,2215],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[31,2328,2330],{"id":2329},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2332,2333,2335],{},[15,2334,2215],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2337,2338],{},"That means:",[258,2340,2341,2344,2347],{},[261,2342,2343],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[261,2345,2346],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[261,2348,2349,2351,2352],{},[15,2350,1117],{}," stays ",[15,2353,1117],{},[20,2355,1201],{},[258,2357,2358,2367,2375],{},[261,2359,2360,2363,2364],{},[15,2361,2362],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2365,2366],{},"5",[261,2368,2369,2363,2372],{},[15,2370,2371],{},"abs(9)",[15,2373,2374],{},"9",[261,2376,2377,2363,2380],{},[15,2378,2379],{},"abs(0)",[15,2381,1117],{},[20,2383,2384],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[31,2386,284],{"id":283},[20,2388,2389],{},"The syntax is:",[36,2391,2393],{"className":38,"code":2392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"abs(x)\n",[15,2394,2395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2396,2397,2399,2401,2404],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2398,2249],{"class":152},[45,2400,156],{"class":59},[45,2402,2403],{"class":135},"x",[45,2405,161],{"class":59},[20,2407,2408],{},"Here:",[258,2410,2411,2428,2433],{},[261,2412,2413,2415,2416,2419,2420,2423,2424,2427],{},[15,2414,2403],{}," is usually an ",[15,2417,2418],{},"int",", ",[15,2421,2422],{},"float",", or ",[15,2425,2426],{},"complex"," number",[261,2429,2430,2432],{},[15,2431,2215],{}," returns a new value",[261,2434,2435],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2437,361],{},[36,2439,2441],{"className":38,"code":2440,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2442,2443,2456,2472,2476,2486],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2444,2445,2448,2450,2453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2446,2447],{"class":51},"number ",[45,2449,56],{"class":55},[45,2451,2452],{"class":55}," -",[45,2454,2455],{"class":96},"12\n",[45,2457,2458,2460,2462,2465,2467,2470],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2459,716],{"class":51},[45,2461,56],{"class":55},[45,2463,2464],{"class":152}," abs",[45,2466,156],{"class":59},[45,2468,2469],{"class":135},"number",[45,2471,161],{"class":59},[45,2473,2474],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2475,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,2477,2478,2480,2482,2484],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,2479,153],{"class":152},[45,2481,156],{"class":59},[45,2483,2469],{"class":135},[45,2485,161],{"class":59},[45,2487,2488,2490,2492,2494],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,2489,153],{"class":152},[45,2491,156],{"class":59},[45,2493,740],{"class":135},[45,2495,161],{"class":59},[20,2497,182],{},[36,2499,2501],{"className":38,"code":2500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-12\n12\n",[15,2502,2503,2509],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2504,2505,2507],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2506,2254],{"class":55},[45,2508,2455],{"class":96},[45,2510,2511],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2512,2455],{"class":96},[20,2514,2515,2516,2518,2519,2522],{},"Notice that ",[15,2517,2469],{}," is still ",[15,2520,2521],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2524,2525,2526,2533],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[277,2527,2529,2532],{"href":2528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2530,2531],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[31,2535,2537],{"id":2536},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2539,2540],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[36,2542,2544],{"className":38,"code":2543,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2545,2546,2563,2578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2547,2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2561],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2549,153],{"class":152},[45,2551,156],{"class":59},[45,2553,2249],{"class":152},[45,2555,156],{"class":59},[45,2557,2254],{"class":55},[45,2559,2560],{"class":96},"10",[45,2562,179],{"class":59},[45,2564,2565,2567,2569,2571,2573,2576],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2566,153],{"class":152},[45,2568,156],{"class":59},[45,2570,2249],{"class":152},[45,2572,156],{"class":59},[45,2574,2575],{"class":96},"8",[45,2577,179],{"class":59},[45,2579,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2590,2593],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2581,153],{"class":152},[45,2583,156],{"class":59},[45,2585,2249],{"class":152},[45,2587,156],{"class":59},[45,2589,2254],{"class":55},[45,2591,2592],{"class":96},"4.2",[45,2594,179],{"class":59},[20,2596,182],{},[36,2598,2600],{"className":38,"code":2599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2601,2602,2607,2612],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2603,2604],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2605,2606],{"class":96},"10\n",[45,2608,2609],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2610,2611],{"class":96},"8\n",[45,2613,2614],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2615,2616],{"class":96},"4.2\n",[20,2618,2619],{},"What each line does:",[258,2621,2622,2630,2637],{},[261,2623,2624,2627,2628],{},[15,2625,2626],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2629,2560],{},[261,2631,2632,2627,2635],{},[15,2633,2634],{},"abs(8)",[15,2636,2575],{},[261,2638,2639,2627,2642],{},[15,2640,2641],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2643,2592],{},[20,2645,2646,2647,132],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[277,2648,2650],{"href":2649},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[31,2652,2654],{"id":2653},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2656,2657,2659],{},[15,2658,2215],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2661,2662,2663,2665],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2664,1117],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2667,361],{},[36,2669,2671],{"className":38,"code":2670,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2672,2673,2691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2674,2675,2678,2680,2682,2685,2688],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2676,2677],{"class":51},"value ",[45,2679,56],{"class":55},[45,2681,1063],{"class":96},[45,2683,2684],{"class":55}," +",[45,2686,2687],{"class":96}," 4",[45,2689,2690],{"class":1597},"j\n",[45,2692,2693,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2694,153],{"class":152},[45,2696,156],{"class":59},[45,2698,2249],{"class":152},[45,2700,156],{"class":59},[45,2702,947],{"class":135},[45,2704,179],{"class":59},[20,2706,182],{},[36,2708,2710],{"className":38,"code":2709,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.0\n",[15,2711,2712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2713,2714],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2715,2709],{"class":96},[20,2717,2718,2719,2079],{},"Why ",[15,2720,2721],{},"5.0",[258,2723,2724,2729,2735],{},[261,2725,2726,2727],{},"the real part is ",[15,2728,2294],{},[261,2730,2731,2732],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2733,2734],{},"4",[261,2736,2737,2738],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2739,2721],{},[20,2741,2742],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[258,2744,2745,2752],{},[261,2746,2747,2749,2750],{},[15,2748,2215],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2751,2422],{},[261,2753,2754],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[31,2756,2758],{"id":2757},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2760,2761,2762,132],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2763,2215],{},[1398,2765,2767],{"id":2766},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2769,2770],{},"A very common pattern is:",[36,2772,2774],{"className":38,"code":2773,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2775,2776],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2777,2778,2780,2782,2785,2787,2790],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2779,2249],{"class":152},[45,2781,156],{"class":59},[45,2783,2784],{"class":135},"a ",[45,2786,2254],{"class":55},[45,2788,2789],{"class":135}," b",[45,2791,161],{"class":59},[20,2793,361],{},[36,2795,2797],{"className":38,"code":2796,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2798,2799,2808,2818,2822,2841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2800,2801,2803,2805],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2802,2784],{"class":51},[45,2804,56],{"class":55},[45,2806,2807],{"class":96}," 3\n",[45,2809,2810,2813,2815],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2811,2812],{"class":51},"b ",[45,2814,56],{"class":55},[45,2816,2817],{"class":96}," 10\n",[45,2819,2820],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2821,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,2823,2824,2827,2829,2831,2833,2835,2837,2839],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,2825,2826],{"class":51},"distance ",[45,2828,56],{"class":55},[45,2830,2464],{"class":152},[45,2832,156],{"class":59},[45,2834,2784],{"class":135},[45,2836,2254],{"class":55},[45,2838,2789],{"class":135},[45,2840,161],{"class":59},[45,2842,2843,2845,2847,2850],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,2844,153],{"class":152},[45,2846,156],{"class":59},[45,2848,2849],{"class":135},"distance",[45,2851,161],{"class":59},[20,2853,182],{},[36,2855,2856],{"className":38,"code":2311,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,2857,2858],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2859,2860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2861,2311],{"class":96},[20,2863,2864],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1398,2866,2868],{"id":2867},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[36,2870,2872],{"className":38,"code":2871,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2873,2874,2886],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2875,2876,2879,2881,2883],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2877,2878],{"class":51},"temperature_change ",[45,2880,56],{"class":55},[45,2882,2452],{"class":55},[45,2884,2885],{"class":96},"6\n",[45,2887,2888,2890,2892,2894,2896,2899],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2889,153],{"class":152},[45,2891,156],{"class":59},[45,2893,2249],{"class":152},[45,2895,156],{"class":59},[45,2897,2898],{"class":135},"temperature_change",[45,2900,179],{"class":59},[20,2902,182],{},[36,2904,2905],{"className":38,"code":2885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,2906,2907],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2908,2909],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2910,2885],{"class":96},[20,2912,2913],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1398,2915,2917],{"id":2916},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2919,2920,2921,2533],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2922,2215],{},[36,2924,2926],{"className":38,"code":2925,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2927,2928,2940,2956,2960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2929,2930,2933,2935,2937],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2931,2932],{"class":51},"balance_change ",[45,2934,56],{"class":55},[45,2936,2452],{"class":55},[45,2938,2939],{"class":96},"25\n",[45,2941,2942,2945,2947,2949,2951,2954],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,2943,2944],{"class":51},"safe_value ",[45,2946,56],{"class":55},[45,2948,2464],{"class":152},[45,2950,156],{"class":59},[45,2952,2953],{"class":135},"balance_change",[45,2955,161],{"class":59},[45,2957,2958],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,2959,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,2961,2962,2964,2966,2969],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,2963,153],{"class":152},[45,2965,156],{"class":59},[45,2967,2968],{"class":135},"safe_value",[45,2970,161],{"class":59},[20,2972,182],{},[36,2974,2975],{"className":38,"code":2939,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,2976,2977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2978,2979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2980,2939],{"class":96},[1398,2982,2984],{"id":2983},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[36,2986,2988],{"className":38,"code":2987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2989,2990,3000,3010,3014,3034],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,2991,2992,2995,2997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,2993,2994],{"class":51},"guess ",[45,2996,56],{"class":55},[45,2998,2999],{"class":96}," 42\n",[45,3001,3002,3005,3007],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3003,3004],{"class":51},"target ",[45,3006,56],{"class":55},[45,3008,3009],{"class":96}," 50\n",[45,3011,3012],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3013,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,3015,3016,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3032],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,3017,3018],{"class":51},"difference ",[45,3020,56],{"class":55},[45,3022,2464],{"class":152},[45,3024,156],{"class":59},[45,3026,2994],{"class":135},[45,3028,2254],{"class":55},[45,3030,3031],{"class":135}," target",[45,3033,161],{"class":59},[45,3035,3036,3038,3040,3043],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,3037,153],{"class":152},[45,3039,156],{"class":59},[45,3041,3042],{"class":135},"difference",[45,3044,161],{"class":59},[20,3046,182],{},[36,3048,3049],{"className":38,"code":2611,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,3050,3051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3052,3053],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3054,2611],{"class":96},[20,3056,3057],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[31,3059,3061],{"id":3060},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[1398,3063,3065],{"id":3064},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3067,3068],{},"This causes an error:",[36,3070,3072],{"className":38,"code":3071,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3073,3074],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3075,3076,3078,3080,3082,3084,3086,3088,3090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3077,153],{"class":152},[45,3079,156],{"class":59},[45,3081,2249],{"class":152},[45,3083,156],{"class":59},[45,3085,64],{"class":63},[45,3087,2366],{"class":67},[45,3089,64],{"class":63},[45,3091,179],{"class":59},[20,3093,3094,3097,3098,3100],{},[15,3095,3096],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3099,2215],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3102,3103,3104,995,3110,73],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[277,3105,3107],{"href":3106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3108,3109],{},"int()",[277,3111,3113],{"href":3112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3114,3115],{},"float()",[36,3117,3119],{"className":38,"code":3118,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3120,3121,3144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3122,3123,3125,3127,3129,3131,3133,3135,3137,3139,3141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3124,153],{"class":152},[45,3126,156],{"class":59},[45,3128,2249],{"class":152},[45,3130,156],{"class":59},[45,3132,2418],{"class":171},[45,3134,156],{"class":59},[45,3136,64],{"class":63},[45,3138,2366],{"class":67},[45,3140,64],{"class":63},[45,3142,3143],{"class":59},")))\n",[45,3145,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3160,3163,3165],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3147,153],{"class":152},[45,3149,156],{"class":59},[45,3151,2249],{"class":152},[45,3153,156],{"class":59},[45,3155,2422],{"class":171},[45,3157,156],{"class":59},[45,3159,64],{"class":63},[45,3161,3162],{"class":67},"-3.2",[45,3164,64],{"class":63},[45,3166,3143],{"class":59},[20,3168,182],{},[36,3170,3172],{"className":38,"code":3171,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3173,3174,3179],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3175,3176],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3177,3178],{"class":96},"5\n",[45,3180,3181],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3182,3183],{"class":96},"3.2\n",[20,3185,3186,3187,3190,3191,132],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3188,3189],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[277,3192,3194],{"href":3193},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1398,3196,3198],{"id":3197},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3200,3201],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[36,3203,3205],{"className":38,"code":3204,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3206,3207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3208,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3210,153],{"class":152},[45,3212,156],{"class":59},[45,3214,2249],{"class":152},[45,3216,195],{"class":59},[45,3218,1430],{"class":96},[45,3220,84],{"class":59},[45,3222,1035],{"class":96},[45,3224,84],{"class":59},[45,3226,1063],{"class":96},[45,3228,3229],{"class":59},"]))\n",[20,3231,3232,3233,3236],{},"This raises a ",[15,3234,3235],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1398,3238,3240],{"id":3239},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3242,3243,3245],{},[15,3244,2215],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[36,3247,3249],{"className":38,"code":3248,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3250,3251,3263,3273,3277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3252,3253,3256,3258,3260],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3254,3255],{"class":51},"x ",[45,3257,56],{"class":55},[45,3259,2452],{"class":55},[45,3261,3262],{"class":96},"9\n",[45,3264,3265,3267,3269,3271],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3266,2249],{"class":152},[45,3268,156],{"class":59},[45,3270,2403],{"class":135},[45,3272,161],{"class":59},[45,3274,3275],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3276,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,3278,3279,3281,3283,3285],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,3280,153],{"class":152},[45,3282,156],{"class":59},[45,3284,2403],{"class":135},[45,3286,161],{"class":59},[20,3288,182],{},[36,3290,3292],{"className":38,"code":3291,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-9\n",[15,3293,3294],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3295,3296,3298],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3297,2254],{"class":55},[45,3299,3262],{"class":96},[20,3301,3302],{},"If you want to store the result:",[36,3304,3306],{"className":38,"code":3305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3307,3308,3318,3332,3336],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3309,3310,3312,3314,3316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3311,3255],{"class":51},[45,3313,56],{"class":55},[45,3315,2452],{"class":55},[45,3317,3262],{"class":96},[45,3319,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3321,3255],{"class":51},[45,3323,56],{"class":55},[45,3325,2464],{"class":152},[45,3327,156],{"class":59},[45,3329,2403],{"class":135},[45,3331,161],{"class":59},[45,3333,3334],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3335,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,3337,3338,3340,3342,3344],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,3339,153],{"class":152},[45,3341,156],{"class":59},[45,3343,2403],{"class":135},[45,3345,161],{"class":59},[20,3347,182],{},[36,3349,3350],{"className":38,"code":3262,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,3351,3352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3353,3354],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3355,3262],{"class":96},[1398,3357,3359],{"id":3358},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3361,3362,3364],{},[15,3363,2215],{}," does not round numbers.",[36,3366,3368],{"className":38,"code":3367,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3369,3370],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3371,3372,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382,3385],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3373,153],{"class":152},[45,3375,156],{"class":59},[45,3377,2249],{"class":152},[45,3379,156],{"class":59},[45,3381,2254],{"class":55},[45,3383,3384],{"class":96},"4.7",[45,3386,179],{"class":59},[20,3388,182],{},[36,3390,3392],{"className":38,"code":3391,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4.7\n",[15,3393,3394],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3395,3396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3397,3391],{"class":96},[20,3399,3400,3401,3403,3404,3406],{},"If you expected ",[15,3402,2366],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3405,2215],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[31,3408,3410],{"id":3409},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3412,3413,3415],{},[15,3414,2215],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[258,3417,3418,3425,3432],{},[261,3419,3420,3422,3423],{},[15,3421,2418],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3424,2418],{},[261,3426,3427,3429,3430],{},[15,3428,2422],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3431,2422],{},[261,3433,3434,3429,3436],{},[15,3435,2426],{},[15,3437,2422],{},[20,3439,361],{},[36,3441,3443],{"className":38,"code":3442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3444,3445,3465,3486],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3446,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3448,153],{"class":152},[45,3450,156],{"class":59},[45,3452,1478],{"class":171},[45,3454,156],{"class":59},[45,3456,2249],{"class":152},[45,3458,156],{"class":59},[45,3460,2254],{"class":55},[45,3462,2366],{"class":96},[45,3464,3143],{"class":59},[45,3466,3467,3469,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479,3481,3484],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3468,153],{"class":152},[45,3470,156],{"class":59},[45,3472,1478],{"class":171},[45,3474,156],{"class":59},[45,3476,2249],{"class":152},[45,3478,156],{"class":59},[45,3480,2254],{"class":55},[45,3482,3483],{"class":96},"3.2",[45,3485,3143],{"class":59},[45,3487,3488,3490,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3489,153],{"class":152},[45,3491,156],{"class":59},[45,3493,1478],{"class":171},[45,3495,156],{"class":59},[45,3497,2249],{"class":152},[45,3499,156],{"class":59},[45,3501,2294],{"class":96},[45,3503,2684],{"class":55},[45,3505,2687],{"class":96},[45,3507,2297],{"class":1597},[45,3509,3143],{"class":59},[20,3511,182],{},[36,3513,3515],{"className":38,"code":3514,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3516,3517,3531,3545],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3518,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3520,1594],{"class":55},[45,3522,1598],{"class":1597},[45,3524,211],{"class":63},[45,3526,2418],{"class":67},[45,3528,198],{"class":63},[45,3530,1607],{"class":55},[45,3532,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3534,1594],{"class":55},[45,3536,1598],{"class":1597},[45,3538,211],{"class":63},[45,3540,2422],{"class":67},[45,3542,198],{"class":63},[45,3544,1607],{"class":55},[45,3546,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3548,1594],{"class":55},[45,3550,1598],{"class":1597},[45,3552,211],{"class":63},[45,3554,2422],{"class":67},[45,3556,198],{"class":63},[45,3558,1607],{"class":55},[20,3560,3561],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3563,3564],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3566,1979],{},[36,3568,3570],{"className":38,"code":3569,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3571,3572,3585,3595,3609,3613,3627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3573,3574,3576,3578,3580,3583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3575,2677],{"class":51},[45,3577,56],{"class":55},[45,3579,76],{"class":63},[45,3581,3582],{"class":67},"-5",[45,3584,468],{"class":63},[45,3586,3587,3589,3591,3593],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3588,153],{"class":152},[45,3590,156],{"class":59},[45,3592,947],{"class":135},[45,3594,161],{"class":59},[45,3596,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3598,153],{"class":152},[45,3600,156],{"class":59},[45,3602,1478],{"class":171},[45,3604,156],{"class":59},[45,3606,947],{"class":135},[45,3608,179],{"class":59},[45,3610,3611],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,3612,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,3614,3615,3618,3620,3622,3625],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,3616,3617],{"class":51},"user_input ",[45,3619,56],{"class":55},[45,3621,76],{"class":63},[45,3623,3624],{"class":67},"-3.7",[45,3626,468],{"class":63},[45,3628,3629,3631,3633,3635,3637,3639,3641,3644],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,3630,153],{"class":152},[45,3632,156],{"class":59},[45,3634,2249],{"class":152},[45,3636,156],{"class":59},[45,3638,2422],{"class":171},[45,3640,156],{"class":59},[45,3642,3643],{"class":135},"user_input",[45,3645,3143],{"class":59},[20,3647,182],{},[36,3649,3651],{"className":38,"code":3650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3652,3653,3659,3674],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3654,3655,3657],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3656,2254],{"class":55},[45,3658,3178],{"class":96},[45,3660,3661,3663,3665,3667,3670,3672],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3662,1594],{"class":55},[45,3664,1598],{"class":1597},[45,3666,211],{"class":63},[45,3668,3669],{"class":67},"str",[45,3671,198],{"class":63},[45,3673,1607],{"class":55},[45,3675,3676],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3677,3678],{"class":96},"3.7\n",[31,3680,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,3682,3684],{"id":3683},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3686,3687],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1398,3689,3691],{"id":3690},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3693,3694],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1398,3696,3698],{"id":3697},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3700,3701],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1398,3703,3705],{"id":3704},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3707,3708,3710,3711,995,3713,3715,3716,132],{},[15,3709,3189],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3712,3109],{},[15,3714,3115],{}," before using ",[15,3717,2215],{},[1398,3719,3721],{"id":3720},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3723,3724],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[31,3726,2114],{"id":2113},[258,3728,3729,3736,3742,3748,3753],{},[261,3730,3731],{},[277,3732,3733,3735],{"href":3106},[15,3734,3109],{}," function explained",[261,3737,3738],{},[277,3739,3740,3735],{"href":3112},[15,3741,3115],{},[261,3743,3744],{},[277,3745,3746,3735],{"href":2528},[15,3747,2531],{},[261,3749,3750],{},[277,3751,3752],{"href":3193},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[261,3754,3755],{},[277,3756,2650],{"href":2649},[2154,3758,3759],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":3761},[3762,3763,3764,3765,3766,3767,3773,3779,3780,3787],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":2329,"depth":121,"text":2330},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":2536,"depth":121,"text":2537},{"id":2653,"depth":121,"text":2654},{"id":2757,"depth":121,"text":2758,"children":3768},[3769,3770,3771,3772],{"id":2766,"depth":142,"text":2767},{"id":2867,"depth":142,"text":2868},{"id":2916,"depth":142,"text":2917},{"id":2983,"depth":142,"text":2984},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":3774},[3775,3776,3777,3778],{"id":3064,"depth":142,"text":3065},{"id":3197,"depth":142,"text":3198},{"id":3239,"depth":142,"text":3240},{"id":3358,"depth":142,"text":3359},{"id":3409,"depth":121,"text":3410},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":3781},[3782,3783,3784,3785,3786],{"id":3683,"depth":142,"text":3684},{"id":3690,"depth":142,"text":3691},{"id":3697,"depth":142,"text":3698},{"id":3704,"depth":142,"text":3705},{"id":3720,"depth":142,"text":3721},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2204,"description":3788},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3795,"title":3796,"body":3797,"description":5492,"extension":2195,"meta":5493,"navigation":145,"path":5494,"seo":5495,"stem":5496,"__hash__":5497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3798,"toc":5456},[3799,3807,3813,3816,3833,3837,3893,3903,3908,3912,3931,3934,3951,3954,3958,3966,3983,3986,4026,4029,4036,4042,4116,4118,4149,4154,4158,4162,4201,4203,4212,4219,4223,4262,4264,4273,4283,4287,4341,4343,4351,4354,4357,4404,4406,4414,4420,4427,4432,4435,4438,4505,4507,4515,4518,4585,4587,4595,4609,4612,4623,4627,4633,4636,4638,4654,4656,4664,4667,4670,4673,4690,4693,4696,4726,4728,4741,4743,4747,4750,4765,4770,4773,4800,4806,4809,4849,4856,4862,4870,4873,4925,4932,4996,5001,5010,5013,5031,5037,5040,5182,5188,5193,5196,5207,5210,5266,5268,5276,5279,5336,5338,5346,5349,5360,5362,5367,5375,5384,5387,5394,5397,5406,5419,5421,5453],[10,3800,3802,3803,3806],{"id":3801},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3804,3805],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3808,3809,3810,3812],{},"Python’s ",[15,3811,3805],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3814,3815],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[258,3817,3818,3821,3824],{},[261,3819,3820],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[261,3822,3823],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[261,3825,3826,2627,3829,3832],{},[15,3827,3828],{},"all([])",[15,3830,3831],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[31,3834,3836],{"id":3835},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[36,3838,3840],{"className":38,"code":3839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3841,3842,3863,3879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3843,3844,3847,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857,3859,3861],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3845,3846],{"class":51},"numbers ",[45,3848,56],{"class":55},[45,3850,1427],{"class":59},[45,3852,1430],{"class":96},[45,3854,84],{"class":59},[45,3856,1035],{"class":96},[45,3858,84],{"class":59},[45,3860,1063],{"class":96},[45,3862,244],{"class":59},[45,3864,3865,3867,3869,3872,3874,3877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,3866,716],{"class":51},[45,3868,56],{"class":55},[45,3870,3871],{"class":152}," all",[45,3873,156],{"class":59},[45,3875,3876],{"class":135},"numbers",[45,3878,161],{"class":59},[45,3880,3881,3883,3885,3887,3890],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,3882,153],{"class":152},[45,3884,156],{"class":59},[45,3886,740],{"class":135},[45,3888,3889],{"class":59},")",[45,3891,3892],{"class":1712},"  # True\n",[20,3894,3895,2627,3897,3899,3900,132],{},[15,3896,3805],{},[15,3898,3831],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3901,3902],{},"False",[31,3904,253,3906,256],{"id":3905},"what-all-does",[15,3907,3805],{},[20,3909,3910,73],{},[15,3911,3805],{},[258,3913,3914,3917,3923,3928],{},[261,3915,3916],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[261,3918,3919,3920,3922],{},"returns ",[15,3921,3831],{}," if all items are truthy",[261,3924,3919,3925,3927],{},[15,3926,3902],{}," if any item is falsy",[261,3929,3930],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3932,3933],{},"Basic syntax:",[36,3935,3937],{"className":38,"code":3936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3938,3939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,3940,3941,3944,3946,3949],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,3942,3943],{"class":152},"all",[45,3945,156],{"class":59},[45,3947,3948],{"class":135},"iterable",[45,3950,161],{"class":59},[20,3952,3953],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[31,3955,3957],{"id":3956},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3959,3960,3961,995,3963,3965],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3962,3831],{},[15,3964,3902],{}," in conditions.",[258,3967,3968,3976],{},[261,3969,3970,3973,3974],{},[355,3971,3972],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3975,3831],{},[261,3977,3978,3973,3981],{},[355,3979,3980],{},"Falsy",[15,3982,3902],{},[20,3984,3985],{},"Common falsy values include:",[258,3987,3988,3992,3997,4002,4007,4011,4016,4021],{},[261,3989,3990],{},[15,3991,1117],{},[261,3993,3994],{},[15,3995,3996],{},"0.0",[261,3998,3999],{},[15,4000,4001],{},"''",[261,4003,4004],{},[15,4005,4006],{},"None",[261,4008,4009],{},[15,4010,3902],{},[261,4012,4013],{},[15,4014,4015],{},"[]",[261,4017,4018],{},[15,4019,4020],{},"{}",[261,4022,4023],{},[15,4024,4025],{},"set()",[20,4027,4028],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4030,4031,4032,132],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[277,4033,4035],{"href":4034},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4037,4038,4039,73],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4040,4041],{},"bool()",[36,4043,4045],{"className":38,"code":4044,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4046,4047,4084,4088],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4048,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057,4059,4062,4064,4067,4069,4071,4074,4076,4078,4082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4050,124],{"class":51},[45,4052,56],{"class":55},[45,4054,1427],{"class":59},[45,4056,1430],{"class":96},[45,4058,84],{"class":59},[45,4060,4061],{"class":96}," 0",[45,4063,84],{"class":59},[45,4065,4066],{"class":63}," ''",[45,4068,84],{"class":59},[45,4070,211],{"class":63},[45,4072,4073],{"class":67},"hello",[45,4075,198],{"class":63},[45,4077,84],{"class":59},[45,4079,4081],{"class":4080},"s39Yj"," None",[45,4083,244],{"class":59},[45,4085,4086],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4087,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,4089,4090,4092,4094,4097,4099,4101,4103,4106,4109,4111,4114],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,4091,153],{"class":152},[45,4093,195],{"class":59},[45,4095,4096],{"class":171},"bool",[45,4098,156],{"class":59},[45,4100,2403],{"class":135},[45,4102,3889],{"class":59},[45,4104,4105],{"class":921}," for",[45,4107,4108],{"class":135}," x ",[45,4110,927],{"class":921},[45,4112,4113],{"class":135}," values",[45,4115,218],{"class":59},[20,4117,182],{},[36,4119,4121],{"className":38,"code":4120,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4122,4123],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4124,4125,4127,4129,4131,4134,4136,4138,4140,4143,4145,4147],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4126,223],{"class":59},[45,4128,3831],{"class":4080},[45,4130,84],{"class":59},[45,4132,4133],{"class":4080}," False",[45,4135,84],{"class":59},[45,4137,4133],{"class":4080},[45,4139,84],{"class":59},[45,4141,4142],{"class":4080}," True",[45,4144,84],{"class":59},[45,4146,4133],{"class":4080},[45,4148,244],{"class":59},[20,4150,1165,4151,4153],{},[15,4152,3805],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[31,4155,4157],{"id":4156},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1398,4159,4161],{"id":4160},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[36,4163,4165],{"className":38,"code":4164,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4166,4167,4187],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4168,4169,4171,4173,4175,4177,4179,4181,4183,4185],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4170,3846],{"class":51},[45,4172,56],{"class":55},[45,4174,1427],{"class":59},[45,4176,1430],{"class":96},[45,4178,84],{"class":59},[45,4180,1035],{"class":96},[45,4182,84],{"class":59},[45,4184,1063],{"class":96},[45,4186,244],{"class":59},[45,4188,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4190,153],{"class":152},[45,4192,156],{"class":59},[45,4194,3943],{"class":152},[45,4196,156],{"class":59},[45,4198,3876],{"class":135},[45,4200,179],{"class":59},[20,4202,182],{},[36,4204,4206],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\n",[15,4207,4208],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4209,4210],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4211,4205],{"class":4080},[20,4213,4214,4215,2627,4217,132],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4216,3805],{},[15,4218,3831],{},[1398,4220,4222],{"id":4221},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[36,4224,4226],{"className":38,"code":4225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4227,4228,4248],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4229,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4231,3846],{"class":51},[45,4233,56],{"class":55},[45,4235,1427],{"class":59},[45,4237,1430],{"class":96},[45,4239,84],{"class":59},[45,4241,4061],{"class":96},[45,4243,84],{"class":59},[45,4245,1063],{"class":96},[45,4247,244],{"class":59},[45,4249,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4251,153],{"class":152},[45,4253,156],{"class":59},[45,4255,3943],{"class":152},[45,4257,156],{"class":59},[45,4259,3876],{"class":135},[45,4261,179],{"class":59},[20,4263,182],{},[36,4265,4267],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\n",[15,4268,4269],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4270,4271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4272,4266],{"class":4080},[20,4274,4275,4276,4278,4279,2627,4281,132],{},"The value ",[15,4277,1117],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4280,3805],{},[15,4282,3902],{},[1398,4284,4286],{"id":4285},"example-strings","Example: strings",[36,4288,4290],{"className":38,"code":4289,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4291,4292,4326],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4293,4294,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4322,4324],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4295,4296],{"class":51},"words ",[45,4298,56],{"class":55},[45,4300,1427],{"class":59},[45,4302,198],{"class":63},[45,4304,1028],{"class":67},[45,4306,198],{"class":63},[45,4308,84],{"class":59},[45,4310,211],{"class":63},[45,4312,1042],{"class":67},[45,4314,198],{"class":63},[45,4316,84],{"class":59},[45,4318,211],{"class":63},[45,4320,4321],{"class":67},"cherry",[45,4323,198],{"class":63},[45,4325,244],{"class":59},[45,4327,4328,4330,4332,4334,4336,4339],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4329,153],{"class":152},[45,4331,156],{"class":59},[45,4333,3943],{"class":152},[45,4335,156],{"class":59},[45,4337,4338],{"class":135},"words",[45,4340,179],{"class":59},[20,4342,182],{},[36,4344,4345],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,4346,4347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4348,4349],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4350,4205],{"class":4080},[20,4352,4353],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4355,4356],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[36,4358,4360],{"className":38,"code":4359,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4361,4362,4390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4363,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4365,4296],{"class":51},[45,4367,56],{"class":55},[45,4369,1427],{"class":59},[45,4371,198],{"class":63},[45,4373,1028],{"class":67},[45,4375,198],{"class":63},[45,4377,84],{"class":59},[45,4379,4066],{"class":63},[45,4381,84],{"class":59},[45,4383,211],{"class":63},[45,4385,4321],{"class":67},[45,4387,198],{"class":63},[45,4389,244],{"class":59},[45,4391,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4393,153],{"class":152},[45,4395,156],{"class":59},[45,4397,3943],{"class":152},[45,4399,156],{"class":59},[45,4401,4338],{"class":135},[45,4403,179],{"class":59},[20,4405,182],{},[36,4407,4408],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,4409,4410],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4411,4412],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4413,4266],{"class":4080},[20,4415,4416,4417,4419],{},"The empty string ",[15,4418,4001],{}," is falsy.",[31,4421,4423,4424,4426],{"id":4422},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4425,3805],{}," works with conditions",[20,4428,4429,4431],{},[15,4430,3805],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4433,4434],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4436,4437],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[36,4439,4441],{"className":38,"code":4440,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4442,4443,4463,4491,4495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4444,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4446,3846],{"class":51},[45,4448,56],{"class":55},[45,4450,1427],{"class":59},[45,4452,1430],{"class":96},[45,4454,84],{"class":59},[45,4456,1035],{"class":96},[45,4458,84],{"class":59},[45,4460,1063],{"class":96},[45,4462,244],{"class":59},[45,4464,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486,4489],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4466,716],{"class":51},[45,4468,56],{"class":55},[45,4470,3871],{"class":152},[45,4472,156],{"class":59},[45,4474,3255],{"class":135},[45,4476,4477],{"class":55},">",[45,4479,4061],{"class":96},[45,4481,4105],{"class":921},[45,4483,4108],{"class":135},[45,4485,927],{"class":921},[45,4487,4488],{"class":135}," numbers",[45,4490,161],{"class":59},[45,4492,4493],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,4494,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,4496,4497,4499,4501,4503],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,4498,153],{"class":152},[45,4500,156],{"class":59},[45,4502,740],{"class":135},[45,4504,161],{"class":59},[20,4506,182],{},[36,4508,4509],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,4510,4511],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4512,4513],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4514,4205],{"class":4080},[20,4516,4517],{},"Here is one that fails:",[36,4519,4521],{"className":38,"code":4520,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4522,4523,4545,4571,4575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4524,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4526,3846],{"class":51},[45,4528,56],{"class":55},[45,4530,1427],{"class":59},[45,4532,1430],{"class":96},[45,4534,84],{"class":59},[45,4536,2452],{"class":55},[45,4538,1133],{"class":96},[45,4540,84],{"class":59},[45,4542,1063],{"class":96},[45,4544,244],{"class":59},[45,4546,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4567,4569],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4548,716],{"class":51},[45,4550,56],{"class":55},[45,4552,3871],{"class":152},[45,4554,156],{"class":59},[45,4556,3255],{"class":135},[45,4558,4477],{"class":55},[45,4560,4061],{"class":96},[45,4562,4105],{"class":921},[45,4564,4108],{"class":135},[45,4566,927],{"class":921},[45,4568,4488],{"class":135},[45,4570,161],{"class":59},[45,4572,4573],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,4574,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,4576,4577,4579,4581,4583],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,4578,153],{"class":152},[45,4580,156],{"class":59},[45,4582,740],{"class":135},[45,4584,161],{"class":59},[20,4586,182],{},[36,4588,4589],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,4590,4591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4592,4593],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4594,4266],{"class":4080},[20,4596,4597,4598,4601,4602,4604,4605,2627,4607,132],{},"The expression ",[15,4599,4600],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4603,3831],{},", then ",[15,4606,3805],{},[15,4608,3831],{},[20,4610,4611],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4613,4614,4615,329,4619,132],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[277,4616,4618],{"href":4617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[277,4620,4622],{"href":4621},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[31,4624,4626],{"id":4625},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4628,4629,2627,4631,132],{},[15,4630,3828],{},[15,4632,3831],{},[20,4634,4635],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4637,361],{},[36,4639,4641],{"className":38,"code":4640,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4642,4643],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4644,4645,4647,4649,4651],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4646,153],{"class":152},[45,4648,156],{"class":59},[45,4650,3943],{"class":152},[45,4652,4653],{"class":59},"([]))\n",[20,4655,182],{},[36,4657,4658],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,4659,4660],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4661,4662],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4663,4205],{"class":4080},[20,4665,4666],{},"Why?",[20,4668,4669],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4671,4672],{},"Think of it this way:",[258,4674,4675,4682,4685],{},[261,4676,4677,2627,4679,4681],{},[15,4678,3805],{},[15,4680,3902],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[261,4683,4684],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[261,4686,4687,4688],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4689,3902],{},[20,4691,4692],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4694,4695],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[36,4697,4699],{"className":38,"code":4698,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4700,4701,4712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4702,4703,4705,4707,4709],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4704,153],{"class":152},[45,4706,156],{"class":59},[45,4708,3943],{"class":152},[45,4710,4711],{"class":59},"(()))\n",[45,4713,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4715,153],{"class":152},[45,4717,156],{"class":59},[45,4719,3943],{"class":152},[45,4721,156],{"class":59},[45,4723,4001],{"class":63},[45,4725,179],{"class":59},[20,4727,182],{},[36,4729,4731],{"className":38,"code":4730,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4732,4733,4737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4734,4735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4736,4205],{"class":4080},[45,4738,4739],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4740,4205],{"class":4080},[31,4742,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,4744,4746],{"id":4745},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4748,4749],{},"This is wrong:",[36,4751,4753],{"className":38,"code":4752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4754,4755,4760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4756,4757],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4758,4759],{"class":1712},"# Wrong\n",[45,4761,4762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4763,4764],{"class":1712},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4766,4767,4769],{},[15,4768,3805],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4771,4772],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[36,4774,4776],{"className":38,"code":4775,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4777,4778],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4779,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4781,153],{"class":152},[45,4783,156],{"class":59},[45,4785,3943],{"class":152},[45,4787,195],{"class":59},[45,4789,1430],{"class":96},[45,4791,84],{"class":59},[45,4793,1035],{"class":96},[45,4795,84],{"class":59},[45,4797,1063],{"class":96},[45,4799,3229],{"class":59},[1398,4801,1503,4803,4805],{"id":4802},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,4804,3805],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4807,4808],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[36,4810,4812],{"className":38,"code":4811,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4813,4814,4835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4815,4816,4818,4820,4822,4824,4826,4829,4831,4833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4817,3846],{"class":51},[45,4819,56],{"class":55},[45,4821,1427],{"class":59},[45,4823,2366],{"class":96},[45,4825,84],{"class":59},[45,4827,4828],{"class":96}," 5",[45,4830,84],{"class":59},[45,4832,4828],{"class":96},[45,4834,244],{"class":59},[45,4836,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4838,153],{"class":152},[45,4840,156],{"class":59},[45,4842,3943],{"class":152},[45,4844,156],{"class":59},[45,4846,3876],{"class":135},[45,4848,179],{"class":59},[20,4850,4851,4852,4855],{},"This does ",[355,4853,4854],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4857,4858,4859,4861],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4860,2366],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[36,4863,4864],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,4865,4866],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4867,4868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4869,4205],{"class":4080},[20,4871,4872],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[36,4874,4876],{"className":38,"code":4875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4877,4878,4898],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4879,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4881,3846],{"class":51},[45,4883,56],{"class":55},[45,4885,1427],{"class":59},[45,4887,2366],{"class":96},[45,4889,84],{"class":59},[45,4891,4828],{"class":96},[45,4893,84],{"class":59},[45,4895,4828],{"class":96},[45,4897,244],{"class":59},[45,4899,4900,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4913,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4901,153],{"class":152},[45,4903,156],{"class":59},[45,4905,3943],{"class":152},[45,4907,156],{"class":59},[45,4909,3255],{"class":135},[45,4911,4912],{"class":55},"==",[45,4914,4828],{"class":96},[45,4916,4105],{"class":921},[45,4918,4108],{"class":135},[45,4920,927],{"class":921},[45,4922,4488],{"class":135},[45,4924,179],{"class":59},[1398,4926,4928,4929,4931],{"id":4927},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4930,1117],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[36,4933,4935],{"className":38,"code":4934,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4936,4937,4963],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,4938,4939,4941,4943,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4960],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,4940,153],{"class":152},[45,4942,156],{"class":59},[45,4944,3943],{"class":152},[45,4946,195],{"class":59},[45,4948,1430],{"class":96},[45,4950,84],{"class":59},[45,4952,1035],{"class":96},[45,4954,84],{"class":59},[45,4956,4061],{"class":96},[45,4958,4959],{"class":59},"]))",[45,4961,4962],{"class":1712},"       # False\n",[45,4964,4965,4967,4969,4971,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,4966,153],{"class":152},[45,4968,156],{"class":59},[45,4970,3943],{"class":152},[45,4972,195],{"class":59},[45,4974,198],{"class":63},[45,4976,277],{"class":67},[45,4978,198],{"class":63},[45,4980,84],{"class":59},[45,4982,211],{"class":63},[45,4984,1930],{"class":67},[45,4986,198],{"class":63},[45,4988,84],{"class":59},[45,4990,4066],{"class":63},[45,4992,4959],{"class":59},[45,4994,4995],{"class":1712},"  # False\n",[20,4997,4998,4999,132],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5000,3902],{},[1398,5002,5004,5005,5007,5008],{"id":5003},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5006,3828],{}," is ",[15,5009,3831],{},[20,5011,5012],{},"This is expected behavior:",[36,5014,5016],{"className":38,"code":5015,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5017,5018],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5029],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5021,153],{"class":152},[45,5023,156],{"class":59},[45,5025,3943],{"class":152},[45,5027,5028],{"class":59},"([]))",[45,5030,3892],{"class":1712},[20,5032,5033,5034,5036],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5035,3831],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5038,5039],{},"Useful quick tests:",[36,5041,5043],{"className":38,"code":5042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5044,5045,5067,5089,5136,5172],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5046,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5048,153],{"class":152},[45,5050,156],{"class":59},[45,5052,3943],{"class":152},[45,5054,195],{"class":59},[45,5056,1430],{"class":96},[45,5058,84],{"class":59},[45,5060,1035],{"class":96},[45,5062,84],{"class":59},[45,5064,1063],{"class":96},[45,5066,3229],{"class":59},[45,5068,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077,5079,5081,5083,5085,5087],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5070,153],{"class":152},[45,5072,156],{"class":59},[45,5074,3943],{"class":152},[45,5076,195],{"class":59},[45,5078,1430],{"class":96},[45,5080,84],{"class":59},[45,5082,4061],{"class":96},[45,5084,84],{"class":59},[45,5086,1063],{"class":96},[45,5088,3229],{"class":59},[45,5090,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123,5125,5127,5129,5131,5133],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,5092,153],{"class":152},[45,5094,195],{"class":59},[45,5096,4096],{"class":171},[45,5098,156],{"class":59},[45,5100,2403],{"class":135},[45,5102,3889],{"class":59},[45,5104,4105],{"class":921},[45,5106,4108],{"class":135},[45,5108,927],{"class":921},[45,5110,1427],{"class":59},[45,5112,1430],{"class":96},[45,5114,84],{"class":59},[45,5116,4061],{"class":96},[45,5118,84],{"class":59},[45,5120,4066],{"class":63},[45,5122,84],{"class":59},[45,5124,211],{"class":63},[45,5126,4073],{"class":67},[45,5128,198],{"class":63},[45,5130,84],{"class":59},[45,5132,4081],{"class":4080},[45,5134,5135],{"class":59},"]])\n",[45,5137,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,5139,153],{"class":152},[45,5141,156],{"class":59},[45,5143,3943],{"class":152},[45,5145,156],{"class":59},[45,5147,3255],{"class":135},[45,5149,4477],{"class":55},[45,5151,4061],{"class":96},[45,5153,4105],{"class":921},[45,5155,4108],{"class":135},[45,5157,927],{"class":921},[45,5159,1427],{"class":59},[45,5161,1430],{"class":96},[45,5163,84],{"class":59},[45,5165,1035],{"class":96},[45,5167,84],{"class":59},[45,5169,1063],{"class":96},[45,5171,3229],{"class":59},[45,5173,5174,5176,5178,5180],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,5175,153],{"class":152},[45,5177,156],{"class":59},[45,5179,3943],{"class":152},[45,5181,4653],{"class":59},[31,5183,5185,5186],{"id":5184},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5187,3805],{},[20,5189,5190,5192],{},[15,5191,3805],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5194,5195],{},"Common use cases:",[258,5197,5198,5201,5204],{},[261,5199,5200],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[261,5202,5203],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[261,5205,5206],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5208,5209],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[36,5211,5213],{"className":38,"code":5212,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5214,5215,5251],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5216,5217,5220,5222,5224,5226,5229,5231,5233,5235,5238,5240,5242,5244,5247,5249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5218,5219],{"class":51},"names ",[45,5221,56],{"class":55},[45,5223,1427],{"class":59},[45,5225,198],{"class":63},[45,5227,5228],{"class":67},"Alice",[45,5230,198],{"class":63},[45,5232,84],{"class":59},[45,5234,211],{"class":63},[45,5236,5237],{"class":67},"Bob",[45,5239,198],{"class":63},[45,5241,84],{"class":59},[45,5243,211],{"class":63},[45,5245,5246],{"class":67},"Charlie",[45,5248,198],{"class":63},[45,5250,244],{"class":59},[45,5252,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261,5264],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5254,153],{"class":152},[45,5256,156],{"class":59},[45,5258,3943],{"class":152},[45,5260,156],{"class":59},[45,5262,5263],{"class":135},"names",[45,5265,179],{"class":59},[20,5267,182],{},[36,5269,5270],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,5271,5272],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5273,5274],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5275,4205],{"class":4080},[20,5277,5278],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[36,5280,5282],{"className":38,"code":5281,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5283,5284,5307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5285,5286,5288,5290,5292,5295,5297,5300,5302,5305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5287,866],{"class":51},[45,5289,56],{"class":55},[45,5291,1427],{"class":59},[45,5293,5294],{"class":96},"75",[45,5296,84],{"class":59},[45,5298,5299],{"class":96}," 80",[45,5301,84],{"class":59},[45,5303,5304],{"class":96}," 50",[45,5306,244],{"class":59},[45,5308,5309,5311,5313,5315,5317,5320,5323,5325,5327,5330,5332,5334],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5310,153],{"class":152},[45,5312,156],{"class":59},[45,5314,3943],{"class":152},[45,5316,156],{"class":59},[45,5318,5319],{"class":135},"score ",[45,5321,5322],{"class":55},">=",[45,5324,5304],{"class":96},[45,5326,4105],{"class":921},[45,5328,5329],{"class":135}," score ",[45,5331,927],{"class":921},[45,5333,930],{"class":135},[45,5335,179],{"class":59},[20,5337,182],{},[36,5339,5340],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,5341,5342],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5343,5344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5345,4205],{"class":4080},[20,5347,5348],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5350,5351,5352,329,5356,132],{},"For related tasks, see ",[277,5353,5355],{"href":5354},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[277,5357,5359],{"href":5358},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[31,5361,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,5363,2049,5365,2052],{"id":5364},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5366,3805],{},[20,5368,1610,5369,5371,5372,5374],{},[15,5370,3831],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5373,3902],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1398,5376,5378,5379,5381,5382,2079],{"id":5377},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5380,3828],{}," return ",[15,5383,3831],{},[20,5385,5386],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1398,5388,5390,5391,5393],{"id":5389},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5392,3805],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5395,5396],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1398,5398,5400,5401,329,5403,2079],{"id":5399},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5402,3805],{},[15,5404,5405],{},"any()",[20,5407,5408,5410,5411,5413,5414,132],{},[15,5409,3805],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5412,5405],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[277,5415,3802,5417,3735],{"href":5416},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5418,5405],{},[31,5420,2114],{"id":2113},[258,5422,5423,5429,5433,5438,5443,5448],{},[261,5424,5425],{},[277,5426,3802,5427,3735],{"href":5416},[15,5428,5405],{},[261,5430,5431],{},[277,5432,4035],{"href":4034},[261,5434,5435],{},[277,5436,5437],{"href":5358},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[261,5439,5440],{},[277,5441,5442],{"href":5354},"How to filter a list in Python",[261,5444,5445],{},[277,5446,5447],{"href":4617},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[261,5449,5450],{},[277,5451,5452],{"href":4621},"What is an iterable in Python",[2154,5454,5455],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":5457},[5458,5459,5461,5462,5467,5469,5470,5479,5481,5491],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":3905,"depth":121,"text":5460},"What all() does",{"id":3956,"depth":121,"text":3957},{"id":4156,"depth":121,"text":4157,"children":5463},[5464,5465,5466],{"id":4160,"depth":142,"text":4161},{"id":4221,"depth":142,"text":4222},{"id":4285,"depth":142,"text":4286},{"id":4422,"depth":121,"text":5468},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4625,"depth":121,"text":4626},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":5471},[5472,5473,5475,5477],{"id":4745,"depth":142,"text":4746},{"id":4802,"depth":142,"text":5474},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4927,"depth":142,"text":5476},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5003,"depth":142,"text":5478},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5184,"depth":121,"text":5480},"When to use all()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":5482},[5483,5485,5487,5489],{"id":5364,"depth":142,"text":5484},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5377,"depth":142,"text":5486},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5389,"depth":142,"text":5488},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5399,"depth":142,"text":5490},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3796,"description":5492},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5499,"title":5500,"body":5501,"description":7189,"extension":2195,"meta":7190,"navigation":145,"path":5416,"seo":7191,"stem":7192,"__hash__":7193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5502,"toc":7167},[5503,5506,5514,5517,5534,5542,5585,5594,5598,5603,5606,5623,5626,5637,5649,5653,5656,5671,5676,5679,5691,5694,5778,5781,5802,5808,5810,5818,5832,5834,5868,5870,5873,5934,5936,5953,5956,5983,5985,5993,6005,6009,6012,6051,6053,6061,6063,6079,6087,6090,6133,6135,6143,6148,6152,6160,6163,6189,6192,6195,6269,6271,6279,6286,6310,6321,6324,6403,6405,6413,6420,6424,6429,6444,6446,6454,6457,6463,6466,6511,6513,6530,6534,6539,6550,6553,6667,6670,6729,6735,6737,6742,6746,6748,6767,6773,6776,6795,6799,6808,6835,6837,6845,6853,6857,6863,6886,6888,6896,6903,6907,6910,6961,6964,7015,7018,7020,7024,7031,7035,7042,7046,7054,7058,7061,7083,7085,7135,7137,7164],[10,5504,5500],{"id":5505},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5507,5508,5510,5511,132],{},[15,5509,5405],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[355,5512,5513],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5515,5516],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[258,5518,5519,5522,5525,5528,5531],{},[261,5520,5521],{},"lists",[261,5523,5524],{},"tuples",[261,5526,5527],{},"sets",[261,5529,5530],{},"strings",[261,5532,5533],{},"generator expressions",[20,5535,5536,5537,995,5539,5541],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5538,3831],{},[15,5540,3902],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[36,5543,5545],{"className":38,"code":5544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5546,5547,5567],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5548,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557,5559,5561,5563,5565],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5550,124],{"class":51},[45,5552,56],{"class":55},[45,5554,1427],{"class":59},[45,5556,1117],{"class":96},[45,5558,84],{"class":59},[45,5560,4066],{"class":63},[45,5562,84],{"class":59},[45,5564,4828],{"class":96},[45,5566,244],{"class":59},[45,5568,5569,5571,5573,5576,5578,5580,5583],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5570,153],{"class":152},[45,5572,156],{"class":59},[45,5574,5575],{"class":152},"any",[45,5577,156],{"class":59},[45,5579,136],{"class":135},[45,5581,5582],{"class":59},"))",[45,5584,3892],{"class":1712},[20,5586,1006,5587,5590,5591,5593],{},[15,5588,5589],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5592,3831],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[31,5595,5597],{"id":5596},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5599,5600,5602],{},[15,5601,5405],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5604,5605],{},"It returns:",[258,5607,5608,5613,5618],{},[261,5609,5610,5612],{},[15,5611,3831],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[261,5614,5615,5617],{},[15,5616,3902],{}," if all items are falsy",[261,5619,5620,5622],{},[15,5621,3902],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5624,5625],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[258,5627,5628,5631,5634],{},[261,5629,5630],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[261,5632,5633],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[261,5635,5636],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5638,5639,5640,5643,5644,132],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[355,5641,5642],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[277,5645,5647],{"href":5646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5648,3805],{},[31,5650,5652],{"id":5651},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5654,5655],{},"The syntax is simple:",[36,5657,5659],{"className":38,"code":5658,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5660,5661],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5662,5663,5665,5667,5669],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5664,5575],{"class":152},[45,5666,156],{"class":59},[45,5668,3948],{"class":135},[45,5670,161],{"class":59},[20,5672,5673,5674,132],{},"The argument must be an ",[355,5675,3948],{},[20,5677,5678],{},"Common inputs include:",[258,5680,5681,5683,5685,5687,5689],{},[261,5682,5521],{},[261,5684,5524],{},[261,5686,5527],{},[261,5688,5530],{},[261,5690,5533],{},[20,5692,5693],{},"For example:",[36,5695,5697],{"className":38,"code":5696,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5698,5699,5721,5740,5760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5700,5701,5703,5705,5707,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5702,153],{"class":152},[45,5704,156],{"class":59},[45,5706,5575],{"class":152},[45,5708,195],{"class":59},[45,5710,1117],{"class":96},[45,5712,84],{"class":59},[45,5714,4061],{"class":96},[45,5716,84],{"class":59},[45,5718,1049],{"class":96},[45,5720,3229],{"class":59},[45,5722,5723,5725,5727,5729,5732,5734,5736,5738],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5724,153],{"class":152},[45,5726,156],{"class":59},[45,5728,5575],{"class":152},[45,5730,5731],{"class":59},"((",[45,5733,3902],{"class":4080},[45,5735,84],{"class":59},[45,5737,4133],{"class":4080},[45,5739,3143],{"class":59},[45,5741,5742,5744,5746,5748,5751,5753,5755,5757],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,5743,153],{"class":152},[45,5745,156],{"class":59},[45,5747,5575],{"class":152},[45,5749,5750],{"class":59},"({",[45,5752,1117],{"class":96},[45,5754,84],{"class":59},[45,5756,1035],{"class":96},[45,5758,5759],{"class":59},"}))\n",[45,5761,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,5763,153],{"class":152},[45,5765,156],{"class":59},[45,5767,5575],{"class":152},[45,5769,156],{"class":59},[45,5771,64],{"class":63},[45,5773,4073],{"class":67},[45,5775,64],{"class":63},[45,5777,179],{"class":59},[20,5779,5780],{},"Expected output:",[36,5782,5784],{"className":38,"code":5783,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5785,5786,5790,5794,5798],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5787,5788],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5789,4205],{"class":4080},[45,5791,5792],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5793,4266],{"class":4080},[45,5795,5796],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,5797,4205],{"class":4080},[45,5799,5800],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,5801,4205],{"class":4080},[20,5803,5804,5805,132],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[277,5806,5359],{"href":5807},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[31,5809,3957],{"id":3956},[20,5811,3960,5812,995,5815,3965],{},[355,5813,5814],{},"truthy",[355,5816,5817],{},"falsy",[258,5819,5820,5826],{},[261,5821,5822,3973,5824],{},[355,5823,3972],{},[15,5825,3831],{},[261,5827,5828,3973,5830],{},[355,5829,3980],{},[15,5831,3902],{},[20,5833,3985],{},[258,5835,5836,5840,5844,5848,5852,5856,5860,5864],{},[261,5837,5838],{},[15,5839,3902],{},[261,5841,5842],{},[15,5843,1117],{},[261,5845,5846],{},[15,5847,3996],{},[261,5849,5850],{},[15,5851,4001],{},[261,5853,5854],{},[15,5855,4015],{},[261,5857,5858],{},[15,5859,4020],{},[261,5861,5862],{},[15,5863,4025],{},[261,5865,5866],{},[15,5867,4006],{},[20,5869,4028],{},[20,5871,5872],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[36,5874,5876],{"className":38,"code":5875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5877,5878,5892,5910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5879,5880,5882,5884,5886,5888,5890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5881,153],{"class":152},[45,5883,156],{"class":59},[45,5885,5575],{"class":152},[45,5887,195],{"class":59},[45,5889,1430],{"class":96},[45,5891,3229],{"class":59},[45,5893,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902,5904,5906,5908],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5895,153],{"class":152},[45,5897,156],{"class":59},[45,5899,5575],{"class":152},[45,5901,195],{"class":59},[45,5903,198],{"class":63},[45,5905,4073],{"class":67},[45,5907,198],{"class":63},[45,5909,3229],{"class":59},[45,5911,5912,5914,5916,5918,5921,5923,5925,5927,5929,5931],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,5913,153],{"class":152},[45,5915,156],{"class":59},[45,5917,5575],{"class":152},[45,5919,5920],{"class":59},"([[",[45,5922,1430],{"class":96},[45,5924,84],{"class":59},[45,5926,1035],{"class":96},[45,5928,84],{"class":59},[45,5930,1063],{"class":96},[45,5932,5933],{"class":59},"]]))\n",[20,5935,5780],{},[36,5937,5939],{"className":38,"code":5938,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5940,5941,5945,5949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5942,5943],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5944,4205],{"class":4080},[45,5946,5947],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,5948,4205],{"class":4080},[45,5950,5951],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,5952,4205],{"class":4080},[20,5954,5955],{},"And these are all falsy:",[36,5957,5959],{"className":38,"code":5958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5960,5961],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5962,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973,5975,5977,5979,5981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5964,153],{"class":152},[45,5966,156],{"class":59},[45,5968,5575],{"class":152},[45,5970,195],{"class":59},[45,5972,1117],{"class":96},[45,5974,84],{"class":59},[45,5976,4066],{"class":63},[45,5978,84],{"class":59},[45,5980,4081],{"class":4080},[45,5982,3229],{"class":59},[20,5984,5780],{},[36,5986,5987],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,5988,5989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,5990,5991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,5992,4266],{"class":4080},[20,5994,5995,5996,329,5999,132],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[277,5997,4035],{"href":5998},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[277,6000,6002,6004],{"href":6001},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6003,4041],{}," explained",[31,6006,6008],{"id":6007},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6010,6011],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[36,6013,6015],{"className":38,"code":6014,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6016,6017,6037],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6018,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6033,6035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6020,124],{"class":51},[45,6022,56],{"class":55},[45,6024,1427],{"class":59},[45,6026,1117],{"class":96},[45,6028,84],{"class":59},[45,6030,4066],{"class":63},[45,6032,84],{"class":59},[45,6034,4828],{"class":96},[45,6036,244],{"class":59},[45,6038,6039,6041,6043,6045,6047,6049],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6040,153],{"class":152},[45,6042,156],{"class":59},[45,6044,5575],{"class":152},[45,6046,156],{"class":59},[45,6048,136],{"class":135},[45,6050,179],{"class":59},[20,6052,182],{},[36,6054,6055],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6056,6057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6058,6059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6060,4205],{"class":4080},[20,6062,4666],{},[258,6064,6065,6070,6074],{},[261,6066,6067,6069],{},[15,6068,1117],{}," is falsy",[261,6071,6072,6069],{},[15,6073,4001],{},[261,6075,6076,6078],{},[15,6077,2366],{}," is truthy",[20,6080,6081,6082,2627,6085,132],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6083,6084],{},"any(values)",[15,6086,3831],{},[20,6088,6089],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[36,6091,6093],{"className":38,"code":6092,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6094,6095,6119],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6096,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105,6107,6109,6111,6113,6115,6117],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6098,124],{"class":51},[45,6100,56],{"class":55},[45,6102,1427],{"class":59},[45,6104,1117],{"class":96},[45,6106,84],{"class":59},[45,6108,4066],{"class":63},[45,6110,84],{"class":59},[45,6112,4081],{"class":4080},[45,6114,84],{"class":59},[45,6116,4133],{"class":4080},[45,6118,244],{"class":59},[45,6120,6121,6123,6125,6127,6129,6131],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6122,153],{"class":152},[45,6124,156],{"class":59},[45,6126,5575],{"class":152},[45,6128,156],{"class":59},[45,6130,136],{"class":135},[45,6132,179],{"class":59},[20,6134,182],{},[36,6136,6137],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6138,6139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6140,6141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6142,4266],{"class":4080},[20,6144,6145,6146,132],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6147,3902],{},[31,6149,6151],{"id":6150},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6153,6154,6156,6157,132],{},[15,6155,5405],{}," is often used with a ",[355,6158,6159],{},"generator expression",[20,6161,6162],{},"This is a common pattern:",[36,6164,6166],{"className":38,"code":6165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6167,6168],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6169,6170,6172,6174,6177,6179,6182,6184,6187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6171,5575],{"class":152},[45,6173,156],{"class":59},[45,6175,6176],{"class":135},"condition ",[45,6178,855],{"class":921},[45,6180,6181],{"class":135}," item ",[45,6183,927],{"class":921},[45,6185,6186],{"class":135}," items",[45,6188,161],{"class":59},[20,6190,6191],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6193,6194],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[36,6196,6198],{"className":38,"code":6197,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6199,6200,6228,6232,6259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6201,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212,6215,6217,6219,6221,6223,6226],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6203,3846],{"class":51},[45,6205,56],{"class":55},[45,6207,1427],{"class":59},[45,6209,2734],{"class":96},[45,6211,84],{"class":59},[45,6213,6214],{"class":96}," 7",[45,6216,84],{"class":59},[45,6218,2452],{"class":55},[45,6220,1133],{"class":96},[45,6222,84],{"class":59},[45,6224,6225],{"class":96}," 10",[45,6227,244],{"class":59},[45,6229,6230],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6231,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,6233,6234,6236,6238,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,6235,716],{"class":51},[45,6237,56],{"class":55},[45,6239,6240],{"class":152}," any",[45,6242,156],{"class":59},[45,6244,3255],{"class":135},[45,6246,1594],{"class":55},[45,6248,4061],{"class":96},[45,6250,4105],{"class":921},[45,6252,4108],{"class":135},[45,6254,927],{"class":921},[45,6256,4488],{"class":135},[45,6258,161],{"class":59},[45,6260,6261,6263,6265,6267],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,6262,153],{"class":152},[45,6264,156],{"class":59},[45,6266,740],{"class":135},[45,6268,161],{"class":59},[20,6270,182],{},[36,6272,6273],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6274,6275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6276,6277],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6278,4205],{"class":4080},[20,6280,6281,6282,6285],{},"This works because ",[15,6283,6284],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[258,6287,6288,6296,6303],{},[261,6289,6290,6293,6294],{},[15,6291,6292],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6295,3902],{},[261,6297,6298,6293,6301],{},[15,6299,6300],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6302,3902],{},[261,6304,6305,6293,6308],{},[15,6306,6307],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6309,3831],{},[20,6311,6312,6313,6315,6316,6318,6319,132],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6314,3831],{}," result, ",[15,6317,5405],{}," can return ",[15,6320,3831],{},[20,6322,6323],{},"Here is another example:",[36,6325,6327],{"className":38,"code":6326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6328,6329,6358,6362,6392],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6330,6331,6333,6335,6337,6339,6341,6343,6345,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6332,4296],{"class":51},[45,6334,56],{"class":55},[45,6336,1427],{"class":59},[45,6338,64],{"class":63},[45,6340,1028],{"class":67},[45,6342,64],{"class":63},[45,6344,84],{"class":59},[45,6346,6347],{"class":63}," \"\"",[45,6349,84],{"class":59},[45,6351,76],{"class":63},[45,6353,1042],{"class":67},[45,6355,64],{"class":63},[45,6357,244],{"class":59},[45,6359,6360],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6361,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,6363,6364,6367,6369,6371,6373,6376,6378,6380,6382,6385,6387,6390],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,6365,6366],{"class":51},"has_empty_string ",[45,6368,56],{"class":55},[45,6370,6240],{"class":152},[45,6372,156],{"class":59},[45,6374,6375],{"class":135},"word ",[45,6377,4912],{"class":55},[45,6379,6347],{"class":63},[45,6381,4105],{"class":921},[45,6383,6384],{"class":135}," word ",[45,6386,927],{"class":921},[45,6388,6389],{"class":135}," words",[45,6391,161],{"class":59},[45,6393,6394,6396,6398,6401],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,6395,153],{"class":152},[45,6397,156],{"class":59},[45,6399,6400],{"class":135},"has_empty_string",[45,6402,161],{"class":59},[20,6404,182],{},[36,6406,6407],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6408,6409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6410,6411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6412,4205],{"class":4080},[20,6414,6415,6416,132],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[277,6417,6419],{"href":6418},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[31,6421,6423],{"id":6422},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6425,6426,6427,73],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6428,3902],{},[36,6430,6432],{"className":38,"code":6431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6433,6434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6435,6436,6438,6440,6442],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6437,153],{"class":152},[45,6439,156],{"class":59},[45,6441,5575],{"class":152},[45,6443,4653],{"class":59},[20,6445,182],{},[36,6447,6448],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6449,6450],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6451,6452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6453,4266],{"class":4080},[20,6455,6456],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6458,6459,6460,6462],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6461,5405],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6464,6465],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[36,6467,6469],{"className":38,"code":6468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6470,6471,6481,6496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6472,6473,6475,6477,6479],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6474,153],{"class":152},[45,6476,156],{"class":59},[45,6478,5575],{"class":152},[45,6480,4711],{"class":59},[45,6482,6483,6485,6487,6489,6491,6494],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6484,153],{"class":152},[45,6486,156],{"class":59},[45,6488,5575],{"class":152},[45,6490,156],{"class":59},[45,6492,6493],{"class":63},"\"\"",[45,6495,179],{"class":59},[45,6497,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6509],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,6499,153],{"class":152},[45,6501,156],{"class":59},[45,6503,5575],{"class":152},[45,6505,156],{"class":59},[45,6507,6508],{"class":171},"set",[45,6510,2041],{"class":59},[20,6512,182],{},[36,6514,6516],{"className":38,"code":6515,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6517,6518,6522,6526],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6519,6520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6521,4266],{"class":4080},[45,6523,6524],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6525,4266],{"class":4080},[45,6527,6528],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,6529,4266],{"class":4080},[31,6531,6533],{"id":6532},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6535,1006,6536,6538],{},[15,6537,5405],{}," when you want to:",[258,6540,6541,6544,6547],{},[261,6542,6543],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[261,6545,6546],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[261,6548,6549],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6551,6552],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[36,6554,6556],{"className":38,"code":6555,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6557,6558,6583,6587,6597,6601,6615,6634,6644,6650,6655],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6559,6560,6562,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6581],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6561,3846],{"class":51},[45,6563,56],{"class":55},[45,6565,1427],{"class":59},[45,6567,1430],{"class":96},[45,6569,84],{"class":59},[45,6571,1063],{"class":96},[45,6573,84],{"class":59},[45,6575,4828],{"class":96},[45,6577,84],{"class":59},[45,6579,6580],{"class":96}," 8",[45,6582,244],{"class":59},[45,6584,6585],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6586,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,6588,6589,6592,6594],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,6590,6591],{"class":51},"found_even ",[45,6593,56],{"class":55},[45,6595,6596],{"class":4080}," False\n",[45,6598,6599],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,6600,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,6602,6603,6605,6608,6610,6612],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,6604,855],{"class":921},[45,6606,6607],{"class":51}," number ",[45,6609,927],{"class":921},[45,6611,4488],{"class":51},[45,6613,6614],{"class":59},":\n",[45,6616,6617,6620,6622,6625,6627,6630,6632],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,6618,6619],{"class":921},"    if",[45,6621,6607],{"class":51},[45,6623,6624],{"class":55},"%",[45,6626,1035],{"class":96},[45,6628,6629],{"class":55}," ==",[45,6631,4061],{"class":96},[45,6633,6614],{"class":59},[45,6635,6636,6639,6641],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,6637,6638],{"class":51},"        found_even ",[45,6640,56],{"class":55},[45,6642,6643],{"class":4080}," True\n",[45,6645,6647],{"class":47,"line":6646},8,[45,6648,6649],{"class":921},"        break\n",[45,6651,6653],{"class":47,"line":6652},9,[45,6654,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,6656,6658,6660,6662,6665],{"class":47,"line":6657},10,[45,6659,153],{"class":152},[45,6661,156],{"class":59},[45,6663,6664],{"class":135},"found_even",[45,6666,161],{"class":59},[20,6668,6669],{},"You can write:",[36,6671,6673],{"className":38,"code":6672,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6674,6675,6699],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6676,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6678,3846],{"class":51},[45,6680,56],{"class":55},[45,6682,1427],{"class":59},[45,6684,1430],{"class":96},[45,6686,84],{"class":59},[45,6688,1063],{"class":96},[45,6690,84],{"class":59},[45,6692,4828],{"class":96},[45,6694,84],{"class":59},[45,6696,6580],{"class":96},[45,6698,244],{"class":59},[45,6700,6701,6703,6705,6707,6709,6711,6713,6715,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6702,153],{"class":152},[45,6704,156],{"class":59},[45,6706,5575],{"class":152},[45,6708,156],{"class":59},[45,6710,2447],{"class":135},[45,6712,6624],{"class":55},[45,6714,1035],{"class":96},[45,6716,6629],{"class":55},[45,6718,4061],{"class":96},[45,6720,4105],{"class":921},[45,6722,6607],{"class":135},[45,6724,927],{"class":921},[45,6726,4488],{"class":135},[45,6728,179],{"class":59},[20,6730,6731,6732,6734],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6733,5405],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[31,6736,1391],{"id":1390},[20,6738,6739,6740,132],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6741,5405],{},[1398,6743,6745],{"id":6744},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6747,4749],{},[36,6749,6751],{"className":38,"code":6750,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6752,6753],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6754,6755,6757,6759,6761,6763,6765],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6756,153],{"class":152},[45,6758,156],{"class":59},[45,6760,5575],{"class":152},[45,6762,156],{"class":59},[45,6764,2366],{"class":96},[45,6766,179],{"class":59},[20,6768,6769,6770,6772],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6771,2366],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6774,6775],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[36,6777,6779],{"className":38,"code":6778,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6780,6781],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6782,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6784,153],{"class":152},[45,6786,156],{"class":59},[45,6788,5575],{"class":152},[45,6790,195],{"class":59},[45,6792,2366],{"class":96},[45,6794,3229],{"class":59},[1398,6796,6798],{"id":6797},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6800,6801,6803,6804,6807],{},[15,6802,5405],{}," needs only ",[355,6805,6806],{},"one"," truthy item.",[36,6809,6811],{"className":38,"code":6810,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6812,6813],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6814,6815,6817,6819,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831,6833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6816,153],{"class":152},[45,6818,156],{"class":59},[45,6820,5575],{"class":152},[45,6822,195],{"class":59},[45,6824,3902],{"class":4080},[45,6826,84],{"class":59},[45,6828,4133],{"class":4080},[45,6830,84],{"class":59},[45,6832,4142],{"class":4080},[45,6834,3229],{"class":59},[20,6836,182],{},[36,6838,6839],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6840,6841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6842,6843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6844,4205],{"class":4080},[20,6846,6847,6848,6852],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[277,6849,6850],{"href":5646},[15,6851,3805],{}," instead.",[1398,6854,6856],{"id":6855},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6858,6859,6860,132],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6861,6862],{},"\"True\"",[36,6864,6866],{"className":38,"code":6865,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6867,6868],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6869,6870,6872,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6871,153],{"class":152},[45,6873,156],{"class":59},[45,6875,5575],{"class":152},[45,6877,195],{"class":59},[45,6879,64],{"class":63},[45,6881,3902],{"class":67},[45,6883,64],{"class":63},[45,6885,3229],{"class":59},[20,6887,182],{},[36,6889,6890],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,6891,6892],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6893,6894],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6895,4205],{"class":4080},[20,6897,6898,6899,6902],{},"That is because ",[15,6900,6901],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1398,6904,6906],{"id":6905},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6908,6909],{},"This works:",[36,6911,6913],{"className":38,"code":6912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6914,6915,6935],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6916,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929,6931,6933],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6918,3846],{"class":51},[45,6920,56],{"class":55},[45,6922,1427],{"class":59},[45,6924,1430],{"class":96},[45,6926,84],{"class":59},[45,6928,1035],{"class":96},[45,6930,84],{"class":59},[45,6932,1063],{"class":96},[45,6934,244],{"class":59},[45,6936,6937,6939,6941,6943,6945,6947,6949,6951,6953,6955,6957,6959],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6938,153],{"class":152},[45,6940,156],{"class":59},[45,6942,5575],{"class":152},[45,6944,195],{"class":59},[45,6946,3255],{"class":135},[45,6948,4477],{"class":55},[45,6950,1035],{"class":96},[45,6952,4105],{"class":921},[45,6954,4108],{"class":135},[45,6956,927],{"class":921},[45,6958,4488],{"class":135},[45,6960,3229],{"class":59},[20,6962,6963],{},"But this is usually better:",[36,6965,6967],{"className":38,"code":6966,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6968,6969,6989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,6970,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,6972,3846],{"class":51},[45,6974,56],{"class":55},[45,6976,1427],{"class":59},[45,6978,1430],{"class":96},[45,6980,84],{"class":59},[45,6982,1035],{"class":96},[45,6984,84],{"class":59},[45,6986,1063],{"class":96},[45,6988,244],{"class":59},[45,6990,6991,6993,6995,6997,6999,7001,7003,7005,7007,7009,7011,7013],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,6992,153],{"class":152},[45,6994,156],{"class":59},[45,6996,5575],{"class":152},[45,6998,156],{"class":59},[45,7000,3255],{"class":135},[45,7002,4477],{"class":55},[45,7004,1035],{"class":96},[45,7006,4105],{"class":921},[45,7008,4108],{"class":135},[45,7010,927],{"class":921},[45,7012,4488],{"class":135},[45,7014,179],{"class":59},[20,7016,7017],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[31,7019,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,7021,7023],{"id":7022},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7025,1610,7026,7028,7029,132],{},[15,7027,3831],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7030,3902],{},[1398,7032,7034],{"id":7033},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7036,7037,2627,7039,7041],{},[15,7038,5405],{},[15,7040,3902],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1398,7043,7045],{"id":7044},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7047,7048,7050,7051,7053],{},[15,7049,5405],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7052,3805],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1398,7055,7057],{"id":7056},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7059,7060],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[36,7062,7063],{"className":38,"code":6165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,7064,7065],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7066,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7068,5575],{"class":152},[45,7070,156],{"class":59},[45,7072,6176],{"class":135},[45,7074,855],{"class":921},[45,7076,6181],{"class":135},[45,7078,927],{"class":921},[45,7080,6186],{"class":135},[45,7082,161],{"class":59},[20,7084,5693],{},[36,7086,7087],{"className":38,"code":6966,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,7088,7089,7109],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7090,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7092,3846],{"class":51},[45,7094,56],{"class":55},[45,7096,1427],{"class":59},[45,7098,1430],{"class":96},[45,7100,84],{"class":59},[45,7102,1035],{"class":96},[45,7104,84],{"class":59},[45,7106,1063],{"class":96},[45,7108,244],{"class":59},[45,7110,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7112,153],{"class":152},[45,7114,156],{"class":59},[45,7116,5575],{"class":152},[45,7118,156],{"class":59},[45,7120,3255],{"class":135},[45,7122,4477],{"class":55},[45,7124,1035],{"class":96},[45,7126,4105],{"class":921},[45,7128,4108],{"class":135},[45,7130,927],{"class":921},[45,7132,4488],{"class":135},[45,7134,179],{"class":59},[31,7136,2114],{"id":2113},[258,7138,7139,7145,7149,7153,7158],{},[261,7140,7141],{},[277,7142,7143,3735],{"href":5646},[15,7144,3805],{},[261,7146,7147],{},[277,7148,4035],{"href":5998},[261,7150,7151],{},[277,7152,5437],{"href":5807},[261,7154,7155],{},[277,7156,7157],{"href":6418},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[261,7159,7160],{},[277,7161,7162,3735],{"href":6001},[15,7163,4041],{},[2154,7165,7166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":7168},[7169,7170,7171,7172,7173,7174,7175,7176,7182,7188],{"id":5596,"depth":121,"text":5597},{"id":5651,"depth":121,"text":5652},{"id":3956,"depth":121,"text":3957},{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":6150,"depth":121,"text":6151},{"id":6422,"depth":121,"text":6423},{"id":6532,"depth":121,"text":6533},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":7177},[7178,7179,7180,7181],{"id":6744,"depth":142,"text":6745},{"id":6797,"depth":142,"text":6798},{"id":6855,"depth":142,"text":6856},{"id":6905,"depth":142,"text":6906},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":7183},[7184,7185,7186,7187],{"id":7022,"depth":142,"text":7023},{"id":7033,"depth":142,"text":7034},{"id":7044,"depth":142,"text":7045},{"id":7056,"depth":142,"text":7057},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5500,"description":7189},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7195,"title":7196,"body":7197,"description":9322,"extension":2195,"meta":9323,"navigation":145,"path":9324,"seo":9325,"stem":9326,"__hash__":9327},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7198,"toc":9285},[7199,7202,7211,7221,7223,7320,7322,7351,7367,7371,7376,7379,7389,7395,7401,7416,7418,7426,7433,7437,7440,7455,7460,7478,7483,7485,7533,7535,7552,7556,7562,7565,7600,7602,7708,7710,7747,7751,7759,7761,7781,7783,7903,7905,7934,7937,7960,7962,7970,7978,7982,7988,7992,8033,8035,8043,8046,8074,8076,8084,8088,8117,8119,8127,8158,8160,8168,8172,8223,8225,8233,8241,8245,8248,8300,8302,8322,8329,8333,8339,8342,8350,8372,8374,8382,8390,8413,8415,8423,8428,8433,8445,8447,8488,8499,8503,8512,8515,8518,8575,8578,8630,8633,8638,8654,8660,8662,8667,8676,8679,8701,8703,8711,8716,8719,8754,8756,8764,8768,8773,8811,8823,8826,8880,8888,8892,8895,8917,8926,8929,8970,8972,8995,9001,9007,9022,9024,9044,9047,9066,9068,9087,9091,9097,9176,9179,9193,9200,9202,9206,9213,9217,9221,9225,9230,9234,9239,9243,9250,9252,9282],[10,7200,7196],{"id":7201},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7203,2212,7204,7206,7207,995,7209,132],{},[15,7205,4041],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7208,3831],{},[15,7210,3902],{},[20,7212,7213,7214,7216,7217,7220],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7215,4041],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7218,7219],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[31,7222,3836],{"id":3835},[36,7224,7226],{"className":38,"code":7225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7227,7228,7242,7256,7270,7288,7298],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7229,7230,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7231,153],{"class":152},[45,7233,156],{"class":59},[45,7235,4096],{"class":171},[45,7237,156],{"class":59},[45,7239,1117],{"class":96},[45,7241,179],{"class":59},[45,7243,7244,7246,7248,7250,7252,7254],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7245,153],{"class":152},[45,7247,156],{"class":59},[45,7249,4096],{"class":171},[45,7251,156],{"class":59},[45,7253,1430],{"class":96},[45,7255,179],{"class":59},[45,7257,7258,7260,7262,7264,7266,7268],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7259,153],{"class":152},[45,7261,156],{"class":59},[45,7263,4096],{"class":171},[45,7265,156],{"class":59},[45,7267,6493],{"class":63},[45,7269,179],{"class":59},[45,7271,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280,7282,7284,7286],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,7273,153],{"class":152},[45,7275,156],{"class":59},[45,7277,4096],{"class":171},[45,7279,156],{"class":59},[45,7281,64],{"class":63},[45,7283,4073],{"class":67},[45,7285,64],{"class":63},[45,7287,179],{"class":59},[45,7289,7290,7292,7294,7296],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,7291,153],{"class":152},[45,7293,156],{"class":59},[45,7295,4096],{"class":171},[45,7297,4653],{"class":59},[45,7299,7300,7302,7304,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,7301,153],{"class":152},[45,7303,156],{"class":59},[45,7305,4096],{"class":171},[45,7307,195],{"class":59},[45,7309,1430],{"class":96},[45,7311,84],{"class":59},[45,7313,1035],{"class":96},[45,7315,84],{"class":59},[45,7317,1063],{"class":96},[45,7319,3229],{"class":59},[20,7321,5780],{},[36,7323,7325],{"className":38,"code":7324,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7326,7327,7331,7335,7339,7343,7347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7328,7329],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7330,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7332,7333],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7334,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7336,7337],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7338,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7340,7341],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,7342,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7344,7345],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,7346,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7348,7349],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,7350,4205],{"class":4080},[20,7352,1006,7353,7356,7357,995,7359,7361,7362,7364,7365,132],{},[15,7354,7355],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7358,3831],{},[15,7360,3902],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7363,3902],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7366,3831],{},[31,7368,7370],{"id":7369},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7372,7373,7375],{},[15,7374,4041],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7377,7378],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[258,7380,7381,7385],{},[261,7382,7383],{},[15,7384,3831],{},[261,7386,7387],{},[15,7388,3902],{},[20,7390,7391,7392,7394],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7393,7219],{}," statements.",[20,7396,7397,7398,7400],{},"You can also call ",[15,7399,4041],{}," with no argument:",[36,7402,7404],{"className":38,"code":7403,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool())\n",[15,7405,7406],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7407,7408,7410,7412,7414],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7409,153],{"class":152},[45,7411,156],{"class":59},[45,7413,4096],{"class":171},[45,7415,598],{"class":59},[20,7417,182],{},[36,7419,7420],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,7421,7422],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7423,7424],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7425,4266],{"class":4080},[20,7427,7428,7429,132],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[277,7430,7432],{"href":7431},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[31,7434,7436],{"id":7435},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7438,7439],{},"The basic syntax is:",[36,7441,7443],{"className":38,"code":7442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bool(value)\n",[15,7444,7445],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7446,7447,7449,7451,7453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7448,4096],{"class":171},[45,7450,156],{"class":59},[45,7452,947],{"class":135},[45,7454,161],{"class":59},[20,7456,2212,7457,7459],{},[15,7458,947],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[258,7461,7462,7464,7466,7468,7470,7473,7475],{},[261,7463,3876],{},[261,7465,5530],{},[261,7467,5521],{},[261,7469,5524],{},[261,7471,7472],{},"dictionaries",[261,7474,5527],{},[261,7476,7477],{},"other objects",[20,7479,7480,7481,132],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7482,3902],{},[20,7484,361],{},[36,7486,7488],{"className":38,"code":7487,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7489,7490,7504,7523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7491,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500,7502],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7493,153],{"class":152},[45,7495,156],{"class":59},[45,7497,4096],{"class":171},[45,7499,156],{"class":59},[45,7501,2560],{"class":96},[45,7503,179],{"class":59},[45,7505,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516,7519,7521],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7507,153],{"class":152},[45,7509,156],{"class":59},[45,7511,4096],{"class":171},[45,7513,156],{"class":59},[45,7515,64],{"class":63},[45,7517,7518],{"class":67},"Python",[45,7520,64],{"class":63},[45,7522,179],{"class":59},[45,7524,7525,7527,7529,7531],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7526,153],{"class":152},[45,7528,156],{"class":59},[45,7530,4096],{"class":171},[45,7532,598],{"class":59},[20,7534,182],{},[36,7536,7538],{"className":38,"code":7537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7539,7540,7544,7548],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7541,7542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7543,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7545,7546],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7547,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7549,7550],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7551,4266],{"class":4080},[31,7553,7555],{"id":7554},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7557,7558,7559,7561],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[355,7560,5817],{}," values.",[20,7563,7564],{},"Common examples:",[258,7566,7567,7571,7575,7579,7583,7588,7592,7596],{},[261,7568,7569],{},[15,7570,1117],{},[261,7572,7573],{},[15,7574,3996],{},[261,7576,7577],{},[15,7578,6493],{},[261,7580,7581],{},[15,7582,4015],{},[261,7584,7585],{},[15,7586,7587],{},"()",[261,7589,7590],{},[15,7591,4020],{},[261,7593,7594],{},[15,7595,4025],{},[261,7597,7598],{},[15,7599,4006],{},[20,7601,361],{},[36,7603,7605],{"className":38,"code":7604,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7606,7607,7621,7635,7649,7659,7669,7680,7694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7608,7609,7611,7613,7615,7617,7619],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7610,153],{"class":152},[45,7612,156],{"class":59},[45,7614,4096],{"class":171},[45,7616,156],{"class":59},[45,7618,1117],{"class":96},[45,7620,179],{"class":59},[45,7622,7623,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7624,153],{"class":152},[45,7626,156],{"class":59},[45,7628,4096],{"class":171},[45,7630,156],{"class":59},[45,7632,3996],{"class":96},[45,7634,179],{"class":59},[45,7636,7637,7639,7641,7643,7645,7647],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7638,153],{"class":152},[45,7640,156],{"class":59},[45,7642,4096],{"class":171},[45,7644,156],{"class":59},[45,7646,6493],{"class":63},[45,7648,179],{"class":59},[45,7650,7651,7653,7655,7657],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,7652,153],{"class":152},[45,7654,156],{"class":59},[45,7656,4096],{"class":171},[45,7658,4653],{"class":59},[45,7660,7661,7663,7665,7667],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,7662,153],{"class":152},[45,7664,156],{"class":59},[45,7666,4096],{"class":171},[45,7668,4711],{"class":59},[45,7670,7671,7673,7675,7677],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,7672,153],{"class":152},[45,7674,156],{"class":59},[45,7676,4096],{"class":171},[45,7678,7679],{"class":59},"({}))\n",[45,7681,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,7683,153],{"class":152},[45,7685,156],{"class":59},[45,7687,4096],{"class":171},[45,7689,156],{"class":59},[45,7691,6508],{"class":171},[45,7693,2041],{"class":59},[45,7695,7696,7698,7700,7702,7704,7706],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,7697,153],{"class":152},[45,7699,156],{"class":59},[45,7701,4096],{"class":171},[45,7703,156],{"class":59},[45,7705,4006],{"class":4080},[45,7707,179],{"class":59},[20,7709,182],{},[36,7711,7713],{"className":38,"code":7712,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7714,7715,7719,7723,7727,7731,7735,7739,7743],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7716,7717],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7718,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7720,7721],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7722,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7724,7725],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7726,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7728,7729],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,7730,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7732,7733],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,7734,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7736,7737],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,7738,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7740,7741],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,7742,4266],{"class":4080},[45,7744,7745],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,7746,4266],{"class":4080},[31,7748,7750],{"id":7749},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7752,7753,7754,7756,7757,7561],{},"Many values become ",[15,7755,3831],{},". These are often called ",[355,7758,5814],{},[20,7760,7564],{},[258,7762,7763,7766,7769,7772,7775,7778],{},[261,7764,7765],{},"non-zero numbers",[261,7767,7768],{},"non-empty strings",[261,7770,7771],{},"non-empty lists",[261,7773,7774],{},"non-empty tuples",[261,7776,7777],{},"non-empty sets",[261,7779,7780],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7782,361],{},[36,7784,7786],{"className":38,"code":7785,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7787,7788,7802,7818,7836,7858,7876],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7789,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7791,153],{"class":152},[45,7793,156],{"class":59},[45,7795,4096],{"class":171},[45,7797,156],{"class":59},[45,7799,2366],{"class":96},[45,7801,179],{"class":59},[45,7803,7804,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7805,153],{"class":152},[45,7807,156],{"class":59},[45,7809,4096],{"class":171},[45,7811,156],{"class":59},[45,7813,2254],{"class":55},[45,7815,1133],{"class":96},[45,7817,179],{"class":59},[45,7819,7820,7822,7824,7826,7828,7830,7832,7834],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7821,153],{"class":152},[45,7823,156],{"class":59},[45,7825,4096],{"class":171},[45,7827,156],{"class":59},[45,7829,64],{"class":63},[45,7831,4073],{"class":67},[45,7833,64],{"class":63},[45,7835,179],{"class":59},[45,7837,7838,7840,7842,7844,7846,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,7839,153],{"class":152},[45,7841,156],{"class":59},[45,7843,4096],{"class":171},[45,7845,195],{"class":59},[45,7847,1430],{"class":96},[45,7849,84],{"class":59},[45,7851,1035],{"class":96},[45,7853,84],{"class":59},[45,7855,1063],{"class":96},[45,7857,3229],{"class":59},[45,7859,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872,7874],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,7861,153],{"class":152},[45,7863,156],{"class":59},[45,7865,4096],{"class":171},[45,7867,5731],{"class":59},[45,7869,1430],{"class":96},[45,7871,84],{"class":59},[45,7873,1035],{"class":96},[45,7875,3143],{"class":59},[45,7877,7878,7880,7882,7884,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7899,7901],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,7879,153],{"class":152},[45,7881,156],{"class":59},[45,7883,4096],{"class":171},[45,7885,5750],{"class":59},[45,7887,64],{"class":63},[45,7889,68],{"class":67},[45,7891,64],{"class":63},[45,7893,73],{"class":59},[45,7895,76],{"class":63},[45,7897,7898],{"class":67},"Sam",[45,7900,64],{"class":63},[45,7902,5759],{"class":59},[20,7904,182],{},[36,7906,7908],{"className":38,"code":7907,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7909,7910,7914,7918,7922,7926,7930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7911,7912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7913,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7915,7916],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,7917,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7919,7920],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,7921,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7923,7924],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,7925,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7927,7928],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,7929,4205],{"class":4080},[45,7931,7932],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,7933,4205],{"class":4080},[20,7935,7936],{},"One important example is this:",[36,7938,7940],{"className":38,"code":7939,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7941,7942],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7943,7944,7946,7948,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7945,153],{"class":152},[45,7947,156],{"class":59},[45,7949,4096],{"class":171},[45,7951,156],{"class":59},[45,7953,64],{"class":63},[45,7955,3902],{"class":67},[45,7957,64],{"class":63},[45,7959,179],{"class":59},[20,7961,182],{},[36,7963,7964],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,7965,7966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7967,7968],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,7969,4205],{"class":4080},[20,7971,7972,7973,7975,7976,132],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7974,6901],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7977,3831],{},[31,7979,7981],{"id":7980},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7983,7984,7985,7987],{},"You can use ",[15,7986,4041],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1398,7989,7991],{"id":7990},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[36,7993,7995],{"className":38,"code":7994,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7996,7997,8019],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,7998,7999,8002,8004,8006,8008,8010,8012,8014,8017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8000,8001],{"class":51},"items ",[45,8003,56],{"class":55},[45,8005,1427],{"class":59},[45,8007,2560],{"class":96},[45,8009,84],{"class":59},[45,8011,97],{"class":96},[45,8013,84],{"class":59},[45,8015,8016],{"class":96}," 30",[45,8018,244],{"class":59},[45,8020,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8022,153],{"class":152},[45,8024,156],{"class":59},[45,8026,4096],{"class":171},[45,8028,156],{"class":59},[45,8030,1289],{"class":135},[45,8032,179],{"class":59},[20,8034,182],{},[36,8036,8037],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8038,8039],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8040,8041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8042,4205],{"class":4080},[20,8044,8045],{},"With an empty list:",[36,8047,8049],{"className":38,"code":8048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8050,8051,8060],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8052,8053,8055,8057],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8054,8001],{"class":51},[45,8056,56],{"class":55},[45,8058,8059],{"class":59}," []\n",[45,8061,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8063,153],{"class":152},[45,8065,156],{"class":59},[45,8067,4096],{"class":171},[45,8069,156],{"class":59},[45,8071,1289],{"class":135},[45,8073,179],{"class":59},[20,8075,182],{},[36,8077,8078],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8079,8080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8081,8082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8083,4266],{"class":4080},[1398,8085,8087],{"id":8086},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[36,8089,8091],{"className":38,"code":8090,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8092,8093,8103],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8094,8095,8098,8100],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8096,8097],{"class":51},"name ",[45,8099,56],{"class":55},[45,8101,8102],{"class":63}," \"\"\n",[45,8104,8105,8107,8109,8111,8113,8115],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8106,153],{"class":152},[45,8108,156],{"class":59},[45,8110,4096],{"class":171},[45,8112,156],{"class":59},[45,8114,68],{"class":135},[45,8116,179],{"class":59},[20,8118,182],{},[36,8120,8121],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8122,8123],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8124,8125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8126,4266],{"class":4080},[36,8128,8130],{"className":38,"code":8129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8131,8132,8144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8133,8134,8136,8138,8140,8142],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8135,8097],{"class":51},[45,8137,56],{"class":55},[45,8139,76],{"class":63},[45,8141,388],{"class":67},[45,8143,468],{"class":63},[45,8145,8146,8148,8150,8152,8154,8156],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8147,153],{"class":152},[45,8149,156],{"class":59},[45,8151,4096],{"class":171},[45,8153,156],{"class":59},[45,8155,68],{"class":135},[45,8157,179],{"class":59},[20,8159,182],{},[36,8161,8162],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8163,8164],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8165,8166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8167,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,8169,8171],{"id":8170},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[36,8173,8175],{"className":38,"code":8174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8176,8177,8191,8208,8212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8178,8179,8182,8184,8186,8189],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8180,8181],{"class":51},"username ",[45,8183,56],{"class":55},[45,8185,76],{"class":63},[45,8187,8188],{"class":67},"alex",[45,8190,468],{"class":63},[45,8192,8193,8196,8198,8201,8203,8206],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8194,8195],{"class":51},"has_name ",[45,8197,56],{"class":55},[45,8199,8200],{"class":171}," bool",[45,8202,156],{"class":59},[45,8204,8205],{"class":135},"username",[45,8207,161],{"class":59},[45,8209,8210],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,8211,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,8213,8214,8216,8218,8221],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,8215,153],{"class":152},[45,8217,156],{"class":59},[45,8219,8220],{"class":135},"has_name",[45,8222,161],{"class":59},[20,8224,182],{},[36,8226,8227],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8228,8229],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8230,8231],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8232,4205],{"class":4080},[20,8234,8235,8236,995,8238,8240],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8237,3831],{},[15,8239,3902],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1398,8242,8244],{"id":8243},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8246,8247],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[36,8249,8251],{"className":38,"code":8250,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8252,8253,8273,8277,8285],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8254,8255,8257,8259,8261,8263,8265,8267,8269,8271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8256,3846],{"class":51},[45,8258,56],{"class":55},[45,8260,1427],{"class":59},[45,8262,1430],{"class":96},[45,8264,84],{"class":59},[45,8266,1035],{"class":96},[45,8268,84],{"class":59},[45,8270,1063],{"class":96},[45,8272,244],{"class":59},[45,8274,8275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8276,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,8278,8279,8281,8283],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,8280,7219],{"class":921},[45,8282,4488],{"class":51},[45,8284,6614],{"class":59},[45,8286,8287,8289,8291,8293,8296,8298],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,8288,942],{"class":152},[45,8290,156],{"class":59},[45,8292,64],{"class":63},[45,8294,8295],{"class":67},"The list is not empty",[45,8297,64],{"class":63},[45,8299,161],{"class":59},[20,8301,182],{},[36,8303,8305],{"className":38,"code":8304,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8306,8307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8308,8309,8311,8313,8316,8319],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8310,2212],{"class":51},[45,8312,172],{"class":171},[45,8314,8315],{"class":55}," is",[45,8317,8318],{"class":55}," not",[45,8320,8321],{"class":51}," empty\n",[20,8323,8324,8325,132],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[277,8326,8328],{"href":8327},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[31,8330,8332],{"id":8331},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8334,8335,8336,8338],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8337,4041],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8340,8341],{},"It does not do that.",[1398,8343,8345,2627,8348],{"id":8344},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8346,8347],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8349,3831],{},[36,8351,8352],{"className":38,"code":7939,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8353,8354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8355,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366,8368,8370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8357,153],{"class":152},[45,8359,156],{"class":59},[45,8361,4096],{"class":171},[45,8363,156],{"class":59},[45,8365,64],{"class":63},[45,8367,3902],{"class":67},[45,8369,64],{"class":63},[45,8371,179],{"class":59},[20,8373,182],{},[36,8375,8376],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8377,8378],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8379,8380],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8381,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,8383,8385,2627,8388],{"id":8384},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8386,8387],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8389,3831],{},[36,8391,8393],{"className":38,"code":8392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8394,8395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8396,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409,8411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8398,153],{"class":152},[45,8400,156],{"class":59},[45,8402,4096],{"class":171},[45,8404,156],{"class":59},[45,8406,64],{"class":63},[45,8408,1117],{"class":67},[45,8410,64],{"class":63},[45,8412,179],{"class":59},[20,8414,182],{},[36,8416,8417],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8418,8419],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8420,8421],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8422,4205],{"class":4080},[20,8424,8425,8426,132],{},"This happens because both values are ",[355,8427,7768],{},[20,8429,8430,8432],{},[15,8431,4041],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8434,8435,8436,8441,8442,8444],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[277,8437,8439],{"href":8438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8440,3189],{},", because ",[15,8443,3189],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8446,361],{},[36,8448,8450],{"className":38,"code":8449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8451,8452,8473],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8453,8454,8457,8459,8462,8464,8466,8469,8471],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8455,8456],{"class":51},"user_value ",[45,8458,56],{"class":55},[45,8460,8461],{"class":152}," input",[45,8463,156],{"class":59},[45,8465,64],{"class":63},[45,8467,8468],{"class":67},"Enter True or False: ",[45,8470,64],{"class":63},[45,8472,161],{"class":59},[45,8474,8475,8477,8479,8481,8483,8486],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8476,153],{"class":152},[45,8478,156],{"class":59},[45,8480,4096],{"class":171},[45,8482,156],{"class":59},[45,8484,8485],{"class":135},"user_value",[45,8487,179],{"class":59},[20,8489,8490,8491,8493,8494,8441,8496,8498],{},"If the user types ",[15,8492,3902],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8495,3831],{},[15,8497,6901],{}," is not empty.",[31,8500,8502],{"id":8501},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8504,8505,8506,8508,8509,8511],{},"In many ",[15,8507,7219],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8510,4041],{}," yourself.",[20,8513,8514],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8516,8517],{},"Instead of this:",[36,8519,8521],{"className":38,"code":8520,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8522,8523,8543,8547,8560],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8524,8525,8527,8529,8531,8533,8535,8537,8539,8541],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8526,1422],{"class":51},[45,8528,56],{"class":55},[45,8530,1427],{"class":59},[45,8532,1430],{"class":96},[45,8534,84],{"class":59},[45,8536,1035],{"class":96},[45,8538,84],{"class":59},[45,8540,1063],{"class":96},[45,8542,244],{"class":59},[45,8544,8545],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8546,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,8548,8549,8551,8553,8555,8557],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,8550,7219],{"class":921},[45,8552,8200],{"class":171},[45,8554,156],{"class":59},[45,8556,1449],{"class":135},[45,8558,8559],{"class":59},"):\n",[45,8561,8562,8564,8566,8568,8571,8573],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,8563,942],{"class":152},[45,8565,156],{"class":59},[45,8567,64],{"class":63},[45,8569,8570],{"class":67},"List has items",[45,8572,64],{"class":63},[45,8574,161],{"class":59},[20,8576,8577],{},"You can simply write:",[36,8579,8581],{"className":38,"code":8580,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8582,8583,8603,8607,8616],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8584,8585,8587,8589,8591,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8586,1422],{"class":51},[45,8588,56],{"class":55},[45,8590,1427],{"class":59},[45,8592,1430],{"class":96},[45,8594,84],{"class":59},[45,8596,1035],{"class":96},[45,8598,84],{"class":59},[45,8600,1063],{"class":96},[45,8602,244],{"class":59},[45,8604,8605],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8606,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,8608,8609,8611,8614],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,8610,7219],{"class":921},[45,8612,8613],{"class":51}," my_list",[45,8615,6614],{"class":59},[45,8617,8618,8620,8622,8624,8626,8628],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,8619,942],{"class":152},[45,8621,156],{"class":59},[45,8623,64],{"class":63},[45,8625,8570],{"class":67},[45,8627,64],{"class":63},[45,8629,161],{"class":59},[20,8631,8632],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8634,1797,8635,8637],{},[15,8636,4041],{}," is still helpful when:",[258,8639,8640,8643,8651],{},[261,8641,8642],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[261,8644,8645,8646,995,8648,8650],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8647,3831],{},[15,8649,3902],{}," value",[261,8652,8653],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8655,8656,8657,132],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[277,8658,8659],{"href":2528},"Python type() function explained",[31,8661,3061],{"id":3060},[20,8663,8664,8665,132],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8666,4041],{},[1398,8668,8670,8671,8673,8674],{"id":8669},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8672,8347],{}," to return ",[15,8675,3902],{},[20,8677,8678],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[36,8680,8681],{"className":38,"code":7939,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8682,8683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8684,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8686,153],{"class":152},[45,8688,156],{"class":59},[45,8690,4096],{"class":171},[45,8692,156],{"class":59},[45,8694,64],{"class":63},[45,8696,3902],{"class":67},[45,8698,64],{"class":63},[45,8700,179],{"class":59},[20,8702,182],{},[36,8704,8705],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8706,8707],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8708,8709],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8710,4205],{"class":4080},[20,8712,8713,8714,6902],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8715,6901],{},[20,8717,8718],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[36,8720,8722],{"className":38,"code":8721,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8723,8724,8736],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8725,8726,8728,8730,8732,8734],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8727,2677],{"class":51},[45,8729,56],{"class":55},[45,8731,76],{"class":63},[45,8733,3902],{"class":67},[45,8735,468],{"class":63},[45,8737,8738,8740,8742,8744,8746,8748,8750,8752],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8739,153],{"class":152},[45,8741,156],{"class":59},[45,8743,2677],{"class":135},[45,8745,4912],{"class":55},[45,8747,76],{"class":63},[45,8749,3831],{"class":67},[45,8751,64],{"class":63},[45,8753,161],{"class":59},[20,8755,182],{},[36,8757,8758],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,8759,8760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8761,8762],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8763,4266],{"class":4080},[1398,8765,8767],{"id":8766},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8769,8770,8772],{},[15,8771,3189],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[36,8774,8776],{"className":38,"code":8775,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8777,8778,8797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8779,8780,8782,8784,8786,8788,8790,8793,8795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8781,2677],{"class":51},[45,8783,56],{"class":55},[45,8785,8461],{"class":152},[45,8787,156],{"class":59},[45,8789,64],{"class":63},[45,8791,8792],{"class":67},"Enter yes or no: ",[45,8794,64],{"class":63},[45,8796,161],{"class":59},[45,8798,8799,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8800,153],{"class":152},[45,8802,156],{"class":59},[45,8804,4096],{"class":171},[45,8806,156],{"class":59},[45,8808,947],{"class":135},[45,8810,179],{"class":59},[20,8812,8490,8813,8816,8817,8819,8820,8498],{},[15,8814,8815],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8818,3831],{}," because ",[15,8821,8822],{},"\"no\"",[20,8824,8825],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[36,8827,8829],{"className":38,"code":8828,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8830,8831,8861],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8832,8833,8835,8837,8839,8841,8843,8845,8847,8850,8853,8856,8859],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8834,2677],{"class":51},[45,8836,56],{"class":55},[45,8838,8461],{"class":152},[45,8840,156],{"class":59},[45,8842,64],{"class":63},[45,8844,8792],{"class":67},[45,8846,64],{"class":63},[45,8848,8849],{"class":59},").",[45,8851,8852],{"class":135},"strip",[45,8854,8855],{"class":59},"().",[45,8857,8858],{"class":135},"lower",[45,8860,139],{"class":59},[45,8862,8863,8865,8867,8869,8871,8873,8876,8878],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8864,153],{"class":152},[45,8866,156],{"class":59},[45,8868,2677],{"class":135},[45,8870,4912],{"class":55},[45,8872,76],{"class":63},[45,8874,8875],{"class":67},"yes",[45,8877,64],{"class":63},[45,8879,161],{"class":59},[20,8881,8882,8883,8885,8886,132],{},"This gives ",[15,8884,3831],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8887,8875],{},[1398,8889,8891],{"id":8890},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8893,8894],{},"These are different:",[258,8896,8897,8901,8905,8909,8913],{},[261,8898,8899],{},[15,8900,3902],{},[261,8902,8903],{},[15,8904,1117],{},[261,8906,8907],{},[15,8908,6493],{},[261,8910,8911],{},[15,8912,4015],{},[261,8914,8915],{},[15,8916,4006],{},[20,8918,8919,8920,8922,8923,8925],{},"They all become ",[15,8921,3902],{}," with ",[15,8924,4041],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8927,8928],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[36,8930,8932],{"className":38,"code":8931,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8933,8934,8942,8956],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8935,8936,8938,8940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8937,2677],{"class":51},[45,8939,56],{"class":55},[45,8941,8059],{"class":59},[45,8943,8944,8946,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8945,153],{"class":152},[45,8947,156],{"class":59},[45,8949,1478],{"class":171},[45,8951,156],{"class":59},[45,8953,947],{"class":135},[45,8955,179],{"class":59},[45,8957,8958,8960,8962,8964,8966,8968],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,8959,153],{"class":152},[45,8961,156],{"class":59},[45,8963,4096],{"class":171},[45,8965,156],{"class":59},[45,8967,947],{"class":135},[45,8969,179],{"class":59},[20,8971,182],{},[36,8973,8975],{"className":38,"code":8974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8976,8977,8991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,8978,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987,8989],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,8980,1594],{"class":55},[45,8982,1598],{"class":1597},[45,8984,211],{"class":63},[45,8986,172],{"class":67},[45,8988,198],{"class":63},[45,8990,1607],{"class":55},[45,8992,8993],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,8994,4266],{"class":4080},[1398,8996,1797,8998,9000],{"id":8997},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8999,4020],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9002,9003,9004,9006],{},"In Python, ",[15,9005,4020],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[36,9008,9010],{"className":38,"code":9009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9011,9012],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9013,9014,9016,9018,9020],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9015,153],{"class":152},[45,9017,156],{"class":59},[45,9019,1478],{"class":171},[45,9021,7679],{"class":59},[20,9023,182],{},[36,9025,9027],{"className":38,"code":9026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9028,9029],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9030,9031,9033,9035,9037,9040,9042],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9032,1594],{"class":55},[45,9034,1598],{"class":1597},[45,9036,211],{"class":63},[45,9038,9039],{"class":67},"dict",[45,9041,198],{"class":63},[45,9043,1607],{"class":55},[20,9045,9046],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[36,9048,9050],{"className":38,"code":9049,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9051,9052],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9053,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9055,153],{"class":152},[45,9057,156],{"class":59},[45,9059,1478],{"class":171},[45,9061,156],{"class":59},[45,9063,6508],{"class":171},[45,9065,2041],{"class":59},[20,9067,182],{},[36,9069,9071],{"className":38,"code":9070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9072,9073],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9074,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9076,1594],{"class":55},[45,9078,1598],{"class":1597},[45,9080,211],{"class":63},[45,9082,6508],{"class":67},[45,9084,198],{"class":63},[45,9086,1607],{"class":55},[31,9088,9090],{"id":9089},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9092,9093,9094,9096],{},"If ",[15,9095,4041],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[36,9098,9100],{"className":38,"code":9099,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9101,9102,9116,9130,9140,9158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9103,9104,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9105,153],{"class":152},[45,9107,156],{"class":59},[45,9109,4096],{"class":171},[45,9111,156],{"class":59},[45,9113,947],{"class":135},[45,9115,179],{"class":59},[45,9117,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9119,153],{"class":152},[45,9121,156],{"class":59},[45,9123,1478],{"class":171},[45,9125,156],{"class":59},[45,9127,947],{"class":135},[45,9129,179],{"class":59},[45,9131,9132,9134,9136,9138],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,9133,153],{"class":152},[45,9135,156],{"class":59},[45,9137,947],{"class":135},[45,9139,161],{"class":59},[45,9141,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,9143,153],{"class":152},[45,9145,156],{"class":59},[45,9147,2677],{"class":135},[45,9149,4912],{"class":55},[45,9151,76],{"class":63},[45,9153,3831],{"class":67},[45,9155,64],{"class":63},[45,9157,161],{"class":59},[45,9159,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9174],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,9161,153],{"class":152},[45,9163,156],{"class":59},[45,9165,947],{"class":135},[45,9167,132],{"class":59},[45,9169,8852],{"class":135},[45,9171,8855],{"class":59},[45,9173,8858],{"class":135},[45,9175,598],{"class":59},[20,9177,9178],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[258,9180,9181,9184,9187,9190],{},[261,9182,9183],{},"what the value really is",[261,9185,9186],{},"whether it is a string",[261,9188,9189],{},"whether it contains spaces",[261,9191,9192],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9194,9195,9196,132],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[277,9197,9199],{"href":9198},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[31,9201,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,9203,9205],{"id":9204},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9207,9208,9209,995,9211,132],{},"It returns either ",[15,9210,3831],{},[15,9212,3902],{},[1398,9214,9216],{"id":9215},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9218,1610,9219,132],{},[15,9220,3902],{},[1398,9222,9224],{"id":9223},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9226,9227,9228,132],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9229,3831],{},[1398,9231,9233],{"id":9232},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9235,9236,9237,132],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9238,3902],{},[1398,9240,9242],{"id":9241},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9244,9245,9246,995,9248,3965],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9247,3831],{},[15,9249,3902],{},[31,9251,2114],{"id":2113},[258,9253,9254,9259,9263,9268,9272,9277],{},[261,9255,9256],{},[277,9257,9258],{"href":5998},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[261,9260,9261],{},[277,9262,8328],{"href":8327},[261,9264,9265],{},[277,9266,9267],{"href":8438},"Python input() function explained",[261,9269,9270],{},[277,9271,8659],{"href":2528},[261,9273,9274],{},[277,9275,9276],{"href":9198},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[261,9278,9279],{},[277,9280,9281],{"href":7431},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2154,9283,9284],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":9286},[9287,9288,9289,9290,9291,9292,9298,9304,9305,9313,9314,9321],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":7369,"depth":121,"text":7370},{"id":7435,"depth":121,"text":7436},{"id":7554,"depth":121,"text":7555},{"id":7749,"depth":121,"text":7750},{"id":7980,"depth":121,"text":7981,"children":9293},[9294,9295,9296,9297],{"id":7990,"depth":142,"text":7991},{"id":8086,"depth":142,"text":8087},{"id":8170,"depth":142,"text":8171},{"id":8243,"depth":142,"text":8244},{"id":8331,"depth":121,"text":8332,"children":9299},[9300,9302],{"id":8344,"depth":142,"text":9301},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8384,"depth":142,"text":9303},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8501,"depth":121,"text":8502},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":9306},[9307,9309,9310,9311],{"id":8669,"depth":142,"text":9308},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8766,"depth":142,"text":8767},{"id":8890,"depth":142,"text":8891},{"id":8997,"depth":142,"text":9312},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9089,"depth":121,"text":9090},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":9315},[9316,9317,9318,9319,9320],{"id":9204,"depth":142,"text":9205},{"id":9215,"depth":142,"text":9216},{"id":9223,"depth":142,"text":9224},{"id":9232,"depth":142,"text":9233},{"id":9241,"depth":142,"text":9242},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7196,"description":9322},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9329,"title":9330,"body":9331,"description":11511,"extension":2195,"meta":11512,"navigation":145,"path":11513,"seo":11514,"stem":11515,"__hash__":11516},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9332,"toc":11473},[9333,9339,9345,9352,9357,9368,9375,9482,9486,9552,9557,9562,9567,9570,9581,9586,9589,9600,9605,9607,9612,9616,9641,9645,9654,9658,9721,9725,9758,9762,9807,9811,9848,9852,9855,9910,9914,9960,9963,9968,10007,10011,10034,10037,10051,10064,10068,10073,10140,10144,10180,10183,10191,10194,10258,10262,10294,10300,10302,10362,10369,10372,10450,10454,10487,10491,10494,10538,10542,10578,10581,10598,10601,10604,10656,10659,10670,10677,10686,10689,10746,10750,10791,10798,10806,10812,10820,10832,10837,10848,10920,10923,10935,10949,10953,10958,10962,10964,11007,11013,11016,11079,11083,11086,11095,11100,11137,11141,11144,11152,11155,11194,11198,11201,11252,11256,11277,11284,11286,11292,11318,11321,11376,11379,11390,11392,11399,11407,11413,11418,11425,11428,11435,11442,11444,11470],[10,9334,3802,9336,3806],{"id":9335},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9337,9338],{},"dict()",[20,9340,9341,9342,9344],{},"The built-in ",[15,9343,9338],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9346,9347,9348,9351],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[355,9349,9350],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9353,9354,9356],{},[15,9355,9338],{}," is commonly used to:",[258,9358,9359,9362,9365],{},[261,9360,9361],{},"create an empty dictionary",[261,9363,9364],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[261,9366,9367],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9369,9370,9371,132],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[277,9372,9374],{"href":9373},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[36,9376,9378],{"className":38,"code":9377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9379,9380,9414,9424,9428,9467],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9381,9382,9384,9386,9389,9391,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9407,9409,9412],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9383,1909],{"class":51},[45,9385,56],{"class":55},[45,9387,9388],{"class":171}," dict",[45,9390,156],{"class":59},[45,9392,68],{"class":9393},"s99_P",[45,9395,56],{"class":55},[45,9397,198],{"class":63},[45,9399,5228],{"class":67},[45,9401,198],{"class":63},[45,9403,84],{"class":59},[45,9405,9406],{"class":9393}," age",[45,9408,56],{"class":55},[45,9410,9411],{"class":96},"25",[45,9413,161],{"class":59},[45,9415,9416,9418,9420,9422],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9417,153],{"class":152},[45,9419,156],{"class":59},[45,9421,1947],{"class":135},[45,9423,161],{"class":59},[45,9425,9426],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,9427,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,9429,9430,9433,9435,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9451,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,9431,9432],{"class":51},"pairs ",[45,9434,56],{"class":55},[45,9436,9437],{"class":59}," [(",[45,9439,198],{"class":63},[45,9441,277],{"class":67},[45,9443,198],{"class":63},[45,9445,84],{"class":59},[45,9447,1049],{"class":96},[45,9449,9450],{"class":59},"),",[45,9452,9453],{"class":59}," (",[45,9455,198],{"class":63},[45,9457,1930],{"class":67},[45,9459,198],{"class":63},[45,9461,84],{"class":59},[45,9463,1035],{"class":96},[45,9465,9466],{"class":59},")]\n",[45,9468,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9480],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,9470,153],{"class":152},[45,9472,156],{"class":59},[45,9474,9039],{"class":171},[45,9476,156],{"class":59},[45,9478,9479],{"class":135},"pairs",[45,9481,179],{"class":59},[20,9483,9484],{},[355,9485,182],{},[36,9487,9489],{"className":38,"code":9488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9490,9491,9524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9492,9493,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9494,9495],{"class":59},"{",[45,9497,198],{"class":63},[45,9499,68],{"class":67},[45,9501,198],{"class":63},[45,9503,73],{"class":59},[45,9505,211],{"class":63},[45,9507,5228],{"class":67},[45,9509,198],{"class":63},[45,9511,84],{"class":59},[45,9513,211],{"class":63},[45,9515,89],{"class":67},[45,9517,198],{"class":63},[45,9519,73],{"class":59},[45,9521,403],{"class":96},[45,9523,118],{"class":59},[45,9525,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9527,9495],{"class":59},[45,9529,198],{"class":63},[45,9531,277],{"class":67},[45,9533,198],{"class":63},[45,9535,73],{"class":59},[45,9537,1049],{"class":96},[45,9539,84],{"class":59},[45,9541,211],{"class":63},[45,9543,1930],{"class":67},[45,9545,198],{"class":63},[45,9547,73],{"class":59},[45,9549,1035],{"class":96},[45,9551,118],{"class":59},[20,9553,1006,9554,9556],{},[15,9555,9338],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[31,9558,253,9560,256],{"id":9559},"what-dict-does",[15,9561,9338],{},[20,9563,9564,9566],{},[15,9565,9338],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9568,9569],{},"A dictionary:",[258,9571,9572,9575,9578],{},[261,9573,9574],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[261,9576,9577],{},"lets you look up values by key",[261,9579,9580],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9582,9583,9585],{},[15,9584,9338],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9587,9588],{},"Common uses include:",[258,9590,9591,9594,9597],{},[261,9592,9593],{},"making an empty dictionary",[261,9595,9596],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[261,9598,9599],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9601,9602,9603,132],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[277,9604,280],{"href":279},[31,9606,284],{"id":283},[20,9608,9609,9611],{},[15,9610,9338],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1398,9613,9615],{"id":9614},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[36,9617,9619],{"className":38,"code":9618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9620,9621,9631],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9622,9623,9625,9627,9629],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9624,1909],{"class":51},[45,9626,56],{"class":55},[45,9628,9388],{"class":171},[45,9630,139],{"class":59},[45,9632,9633,9635,9637,9639],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9634,153],{"class":152},[45,9636,156],{"class":59},[45,9638,1947],{"class":135},[45,9640,161],{"class":59},[20,9642,9643],{},[355,9644,182],{},[36,9646,9648],{"className":38,"code":9647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{}\n",[15,9649,9650],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9651,9652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9653,9647],{"class":59},[1398,9655,9657],{"id":9656},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[36,9659,9661],{"className":38,"code":9660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9662,9663,9697,9711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9664,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9695],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9666,9432],{"class":51},[45,9668,56],{"class":55},[45,9670,9437],{"class":59},[45,9672,198],{"class":63},[45,9674,277],{"class":67},[45,9676,198],{"class":63},[45,9678,84],{"class":59},[45,9680,1049],{"class":96},[45,9682,9450],{"class":59},[45,9684,9453],{"class":59},[45,9686,198],{"class":63},[45,9688,1930],{"class":67},[45,9690,198],{"class":63},[45,9692,84],{"class":59},[45,9694,1035],{"class":96},[45,9696,9466],{"class":59},[45,9698,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9700,1909],{"class":51},[45,9702,56],{"class":55},[45,9704,9388],{"class":171},[45,9706,156],{"class":59},[45,9708,9479],{"class":135},[45,9710,161],{"class":59},[45,9712,9713,9715,9717,9719],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,9714,153],{"class":152},[45,9716,156],{"class":59},[45,9718,1947],{"class":135},[45,9720,161],{"class":59},[20,9722,9723],{},[355,9724,182],{},[36,9726,9728],{"className":38,"code":9727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9729,9730],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9731,9732,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9733,9495],{"class":59},[45,9735,198],{"class":63},[45,9737,277],{"class":67},[45,9739,198],{"class":63},[45,9741,73],{"class":59},[45,9743,1049],{"class":96},[45,9745,84],{"class":59},[45,9747,211],{"class":63},[45,9749,1930],{"class":67},[45,9751,198],{"class":63},[45,9753,73],{"class":59},[45,9755,1035],{"class":96},[45,9757,118],{"class":59},[1398,9759,9761],{"id":9760},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[36,9763,9765],{"className":38,"code":9764,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9766,9767,9797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9768,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9770,1909],{"class":51},[45,9772,56],{"class":55},[45,9774,9388],{"class":171},[45,9776,156],{"class":59},[45,9778,68],{"class":9393},[45,9780,56],{"class":55},[45,9782,198],{"class":63},[45,9784,5228],{"class":67},[45,9786,198],{"class":63},[45,9788,84],{"class":59},[45,9790,9406],{"class":9393},[45,9792,56],{"class":55},[45,9794,9411],{"class":96},[45,9796,161],{"class":59},[45,9798,9799,9801,9803,9805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9800,153],{"class":152},[45,9802,156],{"class":59},[45,9804,1947],{"class":135},[45,9806,161],{"class":59},[20,9808,9809],{},[355,9810,182],{},[36,9812,9814],{"className":38,"code":9813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9815,9816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824,9826,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838,9840,9842,9844,9846],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9819,9495],{"class":59},[45,9821,198],{"class":63},[45,9823,68],{"class":67},[45,9825,198],{"class":63},[45,9827,73],{"class":59},[45,9829,211],{"class":63},[45,9831,5228],{"class":67},[45,9833,198],{"class":63},[45,9835,84],{"class":59},[45,9837,211],{"class":63},[45,9839,89],{"class":67},[45,9841,198],{"class":63},[45,9843,73],{"class":59},[45,9845,403],{"class":96},[45,9847,118],{"class":59},[1398,9849,9851],{"id":9850},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9853,9854],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[36,9856,9858],{"className":38,"code":9857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9859,9860,9900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9861,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9878,9880,9883,9885,9887,9889,9891,9894,9896,9898],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9863,1909],{"class":51},[45,9865,56],{"class":55},[45,9867,9388],{"class":171},[45,9869,1347],{"class":59},[45,9871,198],{"class":63},[45,9873,277],{"class":67},[45,9875,198],{"class":63},[45,9877,84],{"class":59},[45,9879,1049],{"class":96},[45,9881,9882],{"class":59},")],",[45,9884,2789],{"class":9393},[45,9886,56],{"class":55},[45,9888,1133],{"class":96},[45,9890,84],{"class":59},[45,9892,9893],{"class":9393}," c",[45,9895,56],{"class":55},[45,9897,2294],{"class":96},[45,9899,161],{"class":59},[45,9901,9902,9904,9906,9908],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9903,153],{"class":152},[45,9905,156],{"class":59},[45,9907,1947],{"class":135},[45,9909,161],{"class":59},[20,9911,9912],{},[355,9913,182],{},[36,9915,9917],{"className":38,"code":9916,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9918,9919],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9920,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9952,9954,9956,9958],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9922,9495],{"class":59},[45,9924,198],{"class":63},[45,9926,277],{"class":67},[45,9928,198],{"class":63},[45,9930,73],{"class":59},[45,9932,1049],{"class":96},[45,9934,84],{"class":59},[45,9936,211],{"class":63},[45,9938,1930],{"class":67},[45,9940,198],{"class":63},[45,9942,73],{"class":59},[45,9944,1035],{"class":96},[45,9946,84],{"class":59},[45,9948,211],{"class":63},[45,9950,9951],{"class":67},"c",[45,9953,198],{"class":63},[45,9955,73],{"class":59},[45,9957,1063],{"class":96},[45,9959,118],{"class":59},[31,9961,9615],{"id":9962},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9964,1006,9965,9967],{},[15,9966,9338],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[36,9969,9971],{"className":38,"code":9970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9972,9973,9983,9997],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,9974,9975,9977,9979,9981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,9976,1909],{"class":51},[45,9978,56],{"class":55},[45,9980,9388],{"class":171},[45,9982,139],{"class":59},[45,9984,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,9986,153],{"class":152},[45,9988,156],{"class":59},[45,9990,1478],{"class":171},[45,9992,156],{"class":59},[45,9994,1947],{"class":135},[45,9996,179],{"class":59},[45,9998,9999,10001,10003,10005],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,10000,153],{"class":152},[45,10002,156],{"class":59},[45,10004,1947],{"class":135},[45,10006,161],{"class":59},[20,10008,10009],{},[355,10010,182],{},[36,10012,10014],{"className":38,"code":10013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10015,10016,10030],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10017,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10019,1594],{"class":55},[45,10021,1598],{"class":1597},[45,10023,211],{"class":63},[45,10025,9039],{"class":67},[45,10027,198],{"class":63},[45,10029,1607],{"class":55},[45,10031,10032],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10033,9647],{"class":59},[20,10035,10036],{},"This gives the same result as:",[36,10038,10040],{"className":38,"code":10039,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n",[15,10041,10042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10043,10044,10046,10048],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10045,1909],{"class":51},[45,10047,56],{"class":55},[45,10049,10050],{"class":59}," {}\n",[20,10052,10053,10054,10056,10057,10060,10061,10063],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10055,4020],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10058,10059],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10062,9338],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[31,10065,10067],{"id":10066},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10069,10070,10071,132],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10072,9338],{},[36,10074,10076],{"className":38,"code":10075,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10077,10078,10116,10130],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10079,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10081,9432],{"class":51},[45,10083,56],{"class":55},[45,10085,9437],{"class":59},[45,10087,198],{"class":63},[45,10089,68],{"class":67},[45,10091,198],{"class":63},[45,10093,84],{"class":59},[45,10095,211],{"class":63},[45,10097,5228],{"class":67},[45,10099,198],{"class":63},[45,10101,9450],{"class":59},[45,10103,9453],{"class":59},[45,10105,198],{"class":63},[45,10107,89],{"class":67},[45,10109,198],{"class":63},[45,10111,84],{"class":59},[45,10113,403],{"class":96},[45,10115,9466],{"class":59},[45,10117,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126,10128],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10119,1909],{"class":51},[45,10121,56],{"class":55},[45,10123,9388],{"class":171},[45,10125,156],{"class":59},[45,10127,9479],{"class":135},[45,10129,161],{"class":59},[45,10131,10132,10134,10136,10138],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,10133,153],{"class":152},[45,10135,156],{"class":59},[45,10137,1947],{"class":135},[45,10139,161],{"class":59},[20,10141,10142],{},[355,10143,182],{},[36,10145,10146],{"className":38,"code":9813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,10147,10148],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10149,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10151,9495],{"class":59},[45,10153,198],{"class":63},[45,10155,68],{"class":67},[45,10157,198],{"class":63},[45,10159,73],{"class":59},[45,10161,211],{"class":63},[45,10163,5228],{"class":67},[45,10165,198],{"class":63},[45,10167,84],{"class":59},[45,10169,211],{"class":63},[45,10171,89],{"class":67},[45,10173,198],{"class":63},[45,10175,73],{"class":59},[45,10177,403],{"class":96},[45,10179,118],{"class":59},[20,10181,10182],{},"Each pair becomes:",[258,10184,10185,10188],{},[261,10186,10187],{},"the first item as the key",[261,10189,10190],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10192,10193],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[36,10195,10197],{"className":38,"code":10196,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10198,10199,10234,10248],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10200,10201,10203,10205,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228,10230,10232],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10202,9432],{"class":51},[45,10204,56],{"class":55},[45,10206,10207],{"class":59}," ((",[45,10209,198],{"class":63},[45,10211,277],{"class":67},[45,10213,198],{"class":63},[45,10215,84],{"class":59},[45,10217,1049],{"class":96},[45,10219,9450],{"class":59},[45,10221,9453],{"class":59},[45,10223,198],{"class":63},[45,10225,1930],{"class":67},[45,10227,198],{"class":63},[45,10229,84],{"class":59},[45,10231,1035],{"class":96},[45,10233,179],{"class":59},[45,10235,10236,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10237,1909],{"class":51},[45,10239,56],{"class":55},[45,10241,9388],{"class":171},[45,10243,156],{"class":59},[45,10245,9479],{"class":135},[45,10247,161],{"class":59},[45,10249,10250,10252,10254,10256],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,10251,153],{"class":152},[45,10253,156],{"class":59},[45,10255,1947],{"class":135},[45,10257,161],{"class":59},[20,10259,10260],{},[355,10261,182],{},[36,10263,10264],{"className":38,"code":9727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,10265,10266],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10267,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10269,9495],{"class":59},[45,10271,198],{"class":63},[45,10273,277],{"class":67},[45,10275,198],{"class":63},[45,10277,73],{"class":59},[45,10279,1049],{"class":96},[45,10281,84],{"class":59},[45,10283,211],{"class":63},[45,10285,1930],{"class":67},[45,10287,198],{"class":63},[45,10289,73],{"class":59},[45,10291,1035],{"class":96},[45,10293,118],{"class":59},[20,10295,10296,10297,132],{},"Each item must contain ",[355,10298,10299],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10301,3068],{},[36,10303,10305],{"className":38,"code":10304,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10306,10307,10347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10308,10309,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322,10324,10326,10328,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10310,10311],{"class":51},"bad_data ",[45,10313,56],{"class":55},[45,10315,9437],{"class":59},[45,10317,198],{"class":63},[45,10319,277],{"class":67},[45,10321,198],{"class":63},[45,10323,84],{"class":59},[45,10325,1049],{"class":96},[45,10327,84],{"class":59},[45,10329,10330],{"class":96}," 100",[45,10332,9450],{"class":59},[45,10334,9453],{"class":59},[45,10336,198],{"class":63},[45,10338,1930],{"class":67},[45,10340,198],{"class":63},[45,10342,84],{"class":59},[45,10344,1035],{"class":96},[45,10346,9466],{"class":59},[45,10348,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10360],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10350,716],{"class":51},[45,10352,56],{"class":55},[45,10354,9388],{"class":171},[45,10356,156],{"class":59},[45,10358,10359],{"class":135},"bad_data",[45,10361,161],{"class":59},[20,10363,10364,10365,10368],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10366,10367],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10370,10371],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[36,10373,10375],{"className":38,"code":10374,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10376,10377,10426,10440],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10378,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10380,9432],{"class":51},[45,10382,56],{"class":55},[45,10384,9437],{"class":59},[45,10386,198],{"class":63},[45,10388,277],{"class":67},[45,10390,198],{"class":63},[45,10392,84],{"class":59},[45,10394,1049],{"class":96},[45,10396,9450],{"class":59},[45,10398,9453],{"class":59},[45,10400,198],{"class":63},[45,10402,277],{"class":67},[45,10404,198],{"class":63},[45,10406,84],{"class":59},[45,10408,10409],{"class":96}," 99",[45,10411,9450],{"class":59},[45,10413,9453],{"class":59},[45,10415,198],{"class":63},[45,10417,1930],{"class":67},[45,10419,198],{"class":63},[45,10421,84],{"class":59},[45,10423,1035],{"class":96},[45,10425,9466],{"class":59},[45,10427,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10429,1909],{"class":51},[45,10431,56],{"class":55},[45,10433,9388],{"class":171},[45,10435,156],{"class":59},[45,10437,9479],{"class":135},[45,10439,161],{"class":59},[45,10441,10442,10444,10446,10448],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,10443,153],{"class":152},[45,10445,156],{"class":59},[45,10447,1947],{"class":135},[45,10449,161],{"class":59},[20,10451,10452],{},[355,10453,182],{},[36,10455,10457],{"className":38,"code":10456,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10458,10459],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10460,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10462,9495],{"class":59},[45,10464,198],{"class":63},[45,10466,277],{"class":67},[45,10468,198],{"class":63},[45,10470,73],{"class":59},[45,10472,10409],{"class":96},[45,10474,84],{"class":59},[45,10476,211],{"class":63},[45,10478,1930],{"class":67},[45,10480,198],{"class":63},[45,10482,73],{"class":59},[45,10484,1035],{"class":96},[45,10486,118],{"class":59},[31,10488,10490],{"id":10489},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10492,10493],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[36,10495,10496],{"className":38,"code":9764,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,10497,10498,10528],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10499,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10501,1909],{"class":51},[45,10503,56],{"class":55},[45,10505,9388],{"class":171},[45,10507,156],{"class":59},[45,10509,68],{"class":9393},[45,10511,56],{"class":55},[45,10513,198],{"class":63},[45,10515,5228],{"class":67},[45,10517,198],{"class":63},[45,10519,84],{"class":59},[45,10521,9406],{"class":9393},[45,10523,56],{"class":55},[45,10525,9411],{"class":96},[45,10527,161],{"class":59},[45,10529,10530,10532,10534,10536],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10531,153],{"class":152},[45,10533,156],{"class":59},[45,10535,1947],{"class":135},[45,10537,161],{"class":59},[20,10539,10540],{},[355,10541,182],{},[36,10543,10544],{"className":38,"code":9813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,10545,10546],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10547,10548,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10549,9495],{"class":59},[45,10551,198],{"class":63},[45,10553,68],{"class":67},[45,10555,198],{"class":63},[45,10557,73],{"class":59},[45,10559,211],{"class":63},[45,10561,5228],{"class":67},[45,10563,198],{"class":63},[45,10565,84],{"class":59},[45,10567,211],{"class":63},[45,10569,89],{"class":67},[45,10571,198],{"class":63},[45,10573,73],{"class":59},[45,10575,403],{"class":96},[45,10577,118],{"class":59},[20,10579,10580],{},"In this form:",[258,10582,10583,10591],{},[261,10584,10585,10587,10588],{},[15,10586,68],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10589,10590],{},"'name'",[261,10592,10593,10587,10595],{},[15,10594,89],{},[15,10596,10597],{},"'age'",[20,10599,10600],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10602,10603],{},"Valid examples:",[36,10605,10607],{"className":38,"code":10606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10608,10609,10646],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10610,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10628,10630,10632,10635,10637,10639,10642,10644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10612,1909],{"class":51},[45,10614,56],{"class":55},[45,10616,9388],{"class":171},[45,10618,156],{"class":59},[45,10620,104],{"class":9393},[45,10622,56],{"class":55},[45,10624,198],{"class":63},[45,10626,10627],{"class":67},"Paris",[45,10629,198],{"class":63},[45,10631,84],{"class":59},[45,10633,10634],{"class":9393}," country",[45,10636,56],{"class":55},[45,10638,198],{"class":63},[45,10640,10641],{"class":67},"France",[45,10643,198],{"class":63},[45,10645,161],{"class":59},[45,10647,10648,10650,10652,10654],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10649,153],{"class":152},[45,10651,156],{"class":59},[45,10653,1947],{"class":135},[45,10655,161],{"class":59},[20,10657,10658],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[258,10660,10661,10664,10667],{},[261,10662,10663],{},"spaces",[261,10665,10666],{},"hyphens",[261,10668,10669],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10671,10672,10673,10676],{},"For example, this is ",[355,10674,10675],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[36,10678,10680],{"className":38,"code":10679,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10681,10682],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10683,10684],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10685,10679],{"class":1712},[20,10687,10688],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[36,10690,10692],{"className":38,"code":10691,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10693,10694,10736],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10695,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10697,1909],{"class":51},[45,10699,56],{"class":55},[45,10701,60],{"class":59},[45,10703,198],{"class":63},[45,10705,10706],{"class":67},"first-name",[45,10708,198],{"class":63},[45,10710,73],{"class":59},[45,10712,211],{"class":63},[45,10714,7898],{"class":67},[45,10716,198],{"class":63},[45,10718,84],{"class":59},[45,10720,211],{"class":63},[45,10722,10723],{"class":67},"first name",[45,10725,198],{"class":63},[45,10727,73],{"class":59},[45,10729,211],{"class":63},[45,10731,7898],{"class":67},[45,10733,198],{"class":63},[45,10735,118],{"class":59},[45,10737,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10739,153],{"class":152},[45,10741,156],{"class":59},[45,10743,1947],{"class":135},[45,10745,161],{"class":59},[20,10747,10748],{},[355,10749,182],{},[36,10751,10753],{"className":38,"code":10752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10754,10755],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10756,10757,10759,10761,10763,10765,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10758,9495],{"class":59},[45,10760,198],{"class":63},[45,10762,10706],{"class":67},[45,10764,198],{"class":63},[45,10766,73],{"class":59},[45,10768,211],{"class":63},[45,10770,7898],{"class":67},[45,10772,198],{"class":63},[45,10774,84],{"class":59},[45,10776,211],{"class":63},[45,10778,10723],{"class":67},[45,10780,198],{"class":63},[45,10782,73],{"class":59},[45,10784,211],{"class":63},[45,10786,7898],{"class":67},[45,10788,198],{"class":63},[45,10790,118],{"class":59},[31,10792,10794,1174,10796],{"id":10793},"dict-vs",[15,10795,9338],{},[15,10797,4020],{},[20,10799,10800,10801,329,10803,10805],{},"Both ",[15,10802,9338],{},[15,10804,4020],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1398,10807,1006,10809,10811],{"id":10808},"use-when",[15,10810,4020],{}," when:",[258,10813,10814,10817],{},[261,10815,10816],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[261,10818,10819],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[36,10821,10822],{"className":38,"code":10039,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,10823,10824],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10825,10826,10828,10830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10827,1909],{"class":51},[45,10829,56],{"class":55},[45,10831,10050],{"class":59},[1398,10833,1006,10835,10811],{"id":10834},"use-dict-when",[15,10836,9338],{},[258,10838,10839,10842,10845],{},[261,10840,10841],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[261,10843,10844],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[261,10846,10847],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[36,10849,10851],{"className":38,"code":10850,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10852,10853,10889],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10854,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885,10887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10856,1909],{"class":51},[45,10858,56],{"class":55},[45,10860,9388],{"class":171},[45,10862,1347],{"class":59},[45,10864,198],{"class":63},[45,10866,277],{"class":67},[45,10868,198],{"class":63},[45,10870,84],{"class":59},[45,10872,1049],{"class":96},[45,10874,9450],{"class":59},[45,10876,9453],{"class":59},[45,10878,198],{"class":63},[45,10880,1930],{"class":67},[45,10882,198],{"class":63},[45,10884,84],{"class":59},[45,10886,1035],{"class":96},[45,10888,1360],{"class":59},[45,10890,10891,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904,10906,10908,10910,10912,10914,10916,10918],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10892,10893],{"class":51},"info ",[45,10895,56],{"class":55},[45,10897,9388],{"class":171},[45,10899,156],{"class":59},[45,10901,68],{"class":9393},[45,10903,56],{"class":55},[45,10905,198],{"class":63},[45,10907,5228],{"class":67},[45,10909,198],{"class":63},[45,10911,84],{"class":59},[45,10913,9406],{"class":9393},[45,10915,56],{"class":55},[45,10917,9411],{"class":96},[45,10919,161],{"class":59},[20,10921,10922],{},"So:",[258,10924,10925,10930],{},[261,10926,10927,10929],{},[15,10928,4020],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[261,10931,10932,10934],{},[15,10933,9338],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10936,10937,10938,10942,10943,132],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[277,10939,10941],{"href":10940},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[277,10944,991,10946,994],{"href":10945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F",[15,10947,10948],{},"get()",[31,10950,10952],{"id":10951},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10954,10955,10956,132],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10957,9338],{},[1398,10959,10961],{"id":10960},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10963,4749],{},[36,10965,10967],{"className":38,"code":10966,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10968,10969,10993],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,10970,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,10972,8001],{"class":51},[45,10974,56],{"class":55},[45,10976,1427],{"class":59},[45,10978,198],{"class":63},[45,10980,277],{"class":67},[45,10982,198],{"class":63},[45,10984,84],{"class":59},[45,10986,211],{"class":63},[45,10988,1930],{"class":67},[45,10990,198],{"class":63},[45,10992,244],{"class":59},[45,10994,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,10996,1909],{"class":51},[45,10998,56],{"class":55},[45,11000,9388],{"class":171},[45,11002,156],{"class":59},[45,11004,1289],{"class":135},[45,11006,161],{"class":59},[20,11008,11009,11010,132],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11011,11012],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11014,11015],{},"Correct version:",[36,11017,11019],{"className":38,"code":11018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11020,11021,11055,11069],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11022,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11024,8001],{"class":51},[45,11026,56],{"class":55},[45,11028,9437],{"class":59},[45,11030,198],{"class":63},[45,11032,277],{"class":67},[45,11034,198],{"class":63},[45,11036,84],{"class":59},[45,11038,1049],{"class":96},[45,11040,9450],{"class":59},[45,11042,9453],{"class":59},[45,11044,198],{"class":63},[45,11046,1930],{"class":67},[45,11048,198],{"class":63},[45,11050,84],{"class":59},[45,11052,1035],{"class":96},[45,11054,9466],{"class":59},[45,11056,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11058,1909],{"class":51},[45,11060,56],{"class":55},[45,11062,9388],{"class":171},[45,11064,156],{"class":59},[45,11066,1289],{"class":135},[45,11068,161],{"class":59},[45,11070,11071,11073,11075,11077],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,11072,153],{"class":152},[45,11074,156],{"class":59},[45,11076,1947],{"class":135},[45,11078,161],{"class":59},[1398,11080,11082],{"id":11081},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11084,11085],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[36,11087,11089],{"className":38,"code":11088,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11090,11091],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11092,11093],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11094,11088],{"class":1712},[20,11096,11097,11098,73],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11099,56],{},[36,11101,11103],{"className":38,"code":11102,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11104,11105,11127],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11106,11107,11109,11111,11113,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11108,1909],{"class":51},[45,11110,56],{"class":55},[45,11112,9388],{"class":171},[45,11114,156],{"class":59},[45,11116,68],{"class":9393},[45,11118,56],{"class":55},[45,11120,198],{"class":63},[45,11122,5228],{"class":67},[45,11124,198],{"class":63},[45,11126,161],{"class":59},[45,11128,11129,11131,11133,11135],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11130,153],{"class":152},[45,11132,156],{"class":59},[45,11134,1947],{"class":135},[45,11136,161],{"class":59},[1398,11138,11140],{"id":11139},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11142,11143],{},"This will not work:",[36,11145,11146],{"className":38,"code":10679,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,11147,11148],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11149,11150],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11151,10679],{"class":1712},[20,11153,11154],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[36,11156,11158],{"className":38,"code":11157,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11159,11160,11184],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11161,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11163,1909],{"class":51},[45,11165,56],{"class":55},[45,11167,60],{"class":59},[45,11169,198],{"class":63},[45,11171,10706],{"class":67},[45,11173,198],{"class":63},[45,11175,73],{"class":59},[45,11177,211],{"class":63},[45,11179,7898],{"class":67},[45,11181,198],{"class":63},[45,11183,118],{"class":59},[45,11185,11186,11188,11190,11192],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11187,153],{"class":152},[45,11189,156],{"class":59},[45,11191,1947],{"class":135},[45,11193,161],{"class":59},[1398,11195,11197],{"id":11196},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11199,11200],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[36,11202,11204],{"className":38,"code":11203,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11205,11206,11242],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11207,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222,11224,11226,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11209,1909],{"class":51},[45,11211,56],{"class":55},[45,11213,9388],{"class":171},[45,11215,1347],{"class":59},[45,11217,198],{"class":63},[45,11219,2403],{"class":67},[45,11221,198],{"class":63},[45,11223,84],{"class":59},[45,11225,1049],{"class":96},[45,11227,9450],{"class":59},[45,11229,9453],{"class":59},[45,11231,198],{"class":63},[45,11233,2403],{"class":67},[45,11235,198],{"class":63},[45,11237,84],{"class":59},[45,11239,1035],{"class":96},[45,11241,1360],{"class":59},[45,11243,11244,11246,11248,11250],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11245,153],{"class":152},[45,11247,156],{"class":59},[45,11249,1947],{"class":135},[45,11251,161],{"class":59},[20,11253,11254],{},[355,11255,182],{},[36,11257,11259],{"className":38,"code":11258,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11260,11261],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11262,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11264,9495],{"class":59},[45,11266,198],{"class":63},[45,11268,2403],{"class":67},[45,11270,198],{"class":63},[45,11272,73],{"class":59},[45,11274,1035],{"class":96},[45,11276,118],{"class":59},[20,11278,11279,11280,132],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[277,11281,11283],{"href":11282},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[31,11285,3061],{"id":3060},[20,11287,11288,11289,11291],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11290,9338],{}," include:",[258,11293,11294,11303,11309,11312],{},[261,11295,11296,11297,1800,11300],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11298,11299],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,11301,11302],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[261,11304,11305,11306],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11307,11308],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[261,11310,11311],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[261,11313,11314,11315,11317],{},"confusing ",[15,11316,9338],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11319,11320],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[36,11322,11324],{"className":38,"code":11323,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11325,11326,11340,11350,11361],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11327,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11329,153],{"class":152},[45,11331,156],{"class":59},[45,11333,1478],{"class":171},[45,11335,156],{"class":59},[45,11337,1947],{"class":135},[45,11339,179],{"class":59},[45,11341,11342,11344,11346,11348],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11343,153],{"class":152},[45,11345,156],{"class":59},[45,11347,1947],{"class":135},[45,11349,161],{"class":59},[45,11351,11352,11354,11356,11359],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,11353,153],{"class":152},[45,11355,156],{"class":59},[45,11357,11358],{"class":135},"list_of_pairs",[45,11360,161],{"class":59},[45,11362,11363,11365,11367,11370,11372,11374],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,11364,153],{"class":152},[45,11366,156],{"class":59},[45,11368,11369],{"class":152},"len",[45,11371,156],{"class":59},[45,11373,11358],{"class":135},[45,11375,179],{"class":59},[20,11377,11378],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[258,11380,11381,11384,11387],{},[261,11382,11383],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[261,11385,11386],{},"what data is being passed in",[261,11388,11389],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[31,11391,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,11393,5400,11395,329,11397,2079],{"id":11394},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11396,9338],{},[15,11398,4020],{},[20,11400,11401,11403,11404,11406],{},[15,11402,4020],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11405,9338],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1398,11408,5390,11410,11412],{"id":11409},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11411,9338],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11414,11415,11416,132],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11417,11302],{},[1398,11419,5378,11421,11424],{"id":11420},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11422,11423],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11426,11427],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1398,11429,11431,11432,11434],{"id":11430},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11433,9338],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11436,11437,11438,11441],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11439,11440],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[31,11443,2114],{"id":2113},[258,11445,11446,11450,11454,11459,11465],{},[261,11447,11448],{},[277,11449,2133],{"href":279},[261,11451,11452],{},[277,11453,9374],{"href":9373},[261,11455,11456],{},[277,11457,11458],{"href":10940},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[261,11460,11461],{},[277,11462,991,11463,994],{"href":10945},[15,11464,10948],{},[261,11466,11467],{},[277,11468,11469],{"href":11282},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2154,11471,11472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":11474},[11475,11477,11483,11484,11485,11486,11493,11499,11500,11510],{"id":9559,"depth":121,"text":11476},"What dict() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":11478},[11479,11480,11481,11482],{"id":9614,"depth":142,"text":9615},{"id":9656,"depth":142,"text":9657},{"id":9760,"depth":142,"text":9761},{"id":9850,"depth":142,"text":9851},{"id":9962,"depth":121,"text":9615},{"id":10066,"depth":121,"text":10067},{"id":10489,"depth":121,"text":10490},{"id":10793,"depth":121,"text":11487,"children":11488},"dict() vs {}",[11489,11491],{"id":10808,"depth":142,"text":11490},"Use {} when:",{"id":10834,"depth":142,"text":11492},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10951,"depth":121,"text":10952,"children":11494},[11495,11496,11497,11498],{"id":10960,"depth":142,"text":10961},{"id":11081,"depth":142,"text":11082},{"id":11139,"depth":142,"text":11140},{"id":11196,"depth":142,"text":11197},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":11501},[11502,11504,11506,11508],{"id":11394,"depth":142,"text":11503},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11409,"depth":142,"text":11505},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11420,"depth":142,"text":11507},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11430,"depth":142,"text":11509},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9330,"description":11511},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11518,"title":11519,"body":11520,"description":13023,"extension":2195,"meta":13024,"navigation":145,"path":13025,"seo":13026,"stem":13027,"__hash__":13028},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11521,"toc":12992},[11522,11528,11534,11541,11543,11604,11609,11614,11619,11637,11640,11644,11646,11661,11664,11676,11678,11681,11815,11817,11884,11886,11902,11907,11913,11916,11998,12000,12014,12018,12024,12089,12091,12099,12102,12125,12131,12194,12200,12203,12217,12230,12234,12245,12250,12261,12268,12272,12278,12400,12402,12428,12431,12448,12451,12562,12564,12613,12615,12628,12637,12642,12647,12658,12660,12763,12786,12788,12792,12811,12814,12872,12875,12901,12903,12909,12912,12918,12922,12929,12937,12943,12946,12948,12989],[10,11523,13,11525,18],{"id":11524},"python-dictionary-clear-method",[15,11526,11527],{},"clear()",[20,11529,11530,11533],{},[15,11531,11532],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11535,11536,11537,11540],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[355,11538,11539],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[31,11542,34],{"id":33},[36,11544,11546],{"className":38,"code":11545,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11547,11548,11580,11591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11549,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570,11572,11574,11576,11578],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11551,1909],{"class":51},[45,11553,56],{"class":55},[45,11555,60],{"class":59},[45,11557,64],{"class":63},[45,11559,277],{"class":67},[45,11561,64],{"class":63},[45,11563,73],{"class":59},[45,11565,1049],{"class":96},[45,11567,84],{"class":59},[45,11569,76],{"class":63},[45,11571,1930],{"class":67},[45,11573,64],{"class":63},[45,11575,73],{"class":59},[45,11577,1035],{"class":96},[45,11579,118],{"class":59},[45,11581,11582,11584,11586,11589],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11583,1947],{"class":51},[45,11585,132],{"class":59},[45,11587,11588],{"class":135},"clear",[45,11590,139],{"class":59},[45,11592,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,11594,153],{"class":152},[45,11596,156],{"class":59},[45,11598,1947],{"class":135},[45,11600,3889],{"class":59},[45,11602,11603],{"class":1712},"  # {}\n",[20,11605,11606,11608],{},[15,11607,11527],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[31,11610,253,11612,256],{"id":11611},"what-clear-does",[15,11613,11527],{},[20,11615,2212,11616,11618],{},[15,11617,11527],{}," method:",[258,11620,11621,11624,11627,11632],{},[261,11622,11623],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[261,11625,11626],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[261,11628,11629,11630],{},"Returns ",[15,11631,4006],{},[261,11633,11634,11635],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11636,4020],{},[20,11638,11639],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11641,9370,11642,132],{},[277,11643,9374],{"href":9373},[31,11645,284],{"id":283},[36,11647,11649],{"className":38,"code":11648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11650,11651],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11652,11653,11655,11657,11659],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11654,294],{"class":51},[45,11656,132],{"class":59},[45,11658,11588],{"class":135},[45,11660,139],{"class":59},[20,11662,11663],{},"Important points:",[258,11665,11666,11670,11673],{},[261,11667,11668,310],{},[15,11669,11527],{},[261,11671,11672],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[261,11674,11675],{},"It empties that dictionary",[31,11677,640],{"id":639},[20,11679,11680],{},"Here is a basic example:",[36,11682,11684],{"className":38,"code":11683,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11685,11686,11696,11717,11731,11748,11752,11756,11776,11780,11791,11795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11687,11688,11691,11693],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11689,11690],{"class":51},"user ",[45,11692,56],{"class":55},[45,11694,11695],{"class":59}," {\n",[45,11697,11698,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11712,11714],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11699,11700],{"class":63},"    \"",[45,11702,68],{"class":67},[45,11704,64],{"class":63},[45,11706,73],{"class":59},[45,11708,76],{"class":63},[45,11710,11711],{"class":67},"Maya",[45,11713,64],{"class":63},[45,11715,11716],{"class":59},",\n",[45,11718,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,11720,11700],{"class":63},[45,11722,89],{"class":67},[45,11724,64],{"class":63},[45,11726,73],{"class":59},[45,11728,403],{"class":96},[45,11730,11716],{"class":59},[45,11732,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11746],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,11734,11700],{"class":63},[45,11736,104],{"class":67},[45,11738,64],{"class":63},[45,11740,73],{"class":59},[45,11742,76],{"class":63},[45,11744,11745],{"class":67},"Berlin",[45,11747,468],{"class":63},[45,11749,11750],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,11751,118],{"class":59},[45,11753,11754],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,11755,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,11757,11758,11760,11762,11764,11767,11769,11771,11774],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,11759,153],{"class":152},[45,11761,156],{"class":59},[45,11763,64],{"class":63},[45,11765,11766],{"class":67},"Before:",[45,11768,64],{"class":63},[45,11770,84],{"class":59},[45,11772,11773],{"class":135}," user",[45,11775,161],{"class":59},[45,11777,11778],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,11779,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,11781,11782,11785,11787,11789],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,11783,11784],{"class":51},"user",[45,11786,132],{"class":59},[45,11788,11588],{"class":135},[45,11790,139],{"class":59},[45,11792,11793],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,11794,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11807,11809,11811,11813],{"class":47,"line":11797},11,[45,11799,153],{"class":152},[45,11801,156],{"class":59},[45,11803,64],{"class":63},[45,11805,11806],{"class":67},"After:",[45,11808,64],{"class":63},[45,11810,84],{"class":59},[45,11812,11773],{"class":135},[45,11814,161],{"class":59},[20,11816,5780],{},[36,11818,11820],{"className":38,"code":11819,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11821,11822,11875],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11823,11824,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849,11851,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11825,11826],{"class":51},"Before",[45,11828,73],{"class":59},[45,11830,60],{"class":59},[45,11832,198],{"class":63},[45,11834,68],{"class":67},[45,11836,198],{"class":63},[45,11838,73],{"class":59},[45,11840,211],{"class":63},[45,11842,11711],{"class":67},[45,11844,198],{"class":63},[45,11846,84],{"class":59},[45,11848,211],{"class":63},[45,11850,89],{"class":67},[45,11852,198],{"class":63},[45,11854,73],{"class":59},[45,11856,403],{"class":96},[45,11858,84],{"class":59},[45,11860,211],{"class":63},[45,11862,104],{"class":67},[45,11864,198],{"class":63},[45,11866,73],{"class":59},[45,11868,211],{"class":63},[45,11870,11745],{"class":67},[45,11872,198],{"class":63},[45,11874,118],{"class":59},[45,11876,11877,11880,11882],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11878,11879],{"class":51},"After",[45,11881,73],{"class":59},[45,11883,10050],{"class":59},[20,11885,816],{},[258,11887,11888,11893,11899],{},[261,11889,11890,11892],{},[15,11891,11784],{}," starts with three items",[261,11894,11895,11898],{},[15,11896,11897],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[261,11900,11901],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[31,11903,253,11905,342],{"id":11904},"what-clear-returns",[15,11906,11527],{},[20,11908,11909,2627,11911,132],{},[15,11910,11527],{},[15,11912,4006],{},[20,11914,11915],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[36,11917,11919],{"className":38,"code":11918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11920,11921,11955,11959,11974,11978,11988],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,11922,11923,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938,11940,11942,11944,11947,11949,11951,11953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,11924,11925],{"class":51},"my_dict ",[45,11927,56],{"class":55},[45,11929,60],{"class":59},[45,11931,64],{"class":63},[45,11933,2403],{"class":67},[45,11935,64],{"class":63},[45,11937,73],{"class":59},[45,11939,1049],{"class":96},[45,11941,84],{"class":59},[45,11943,76],{"class":63},[45,11945,11946],{"class":67},"y",[45,11948,64],{"class":63},[45,11950,73],{"class":59},[45,11952,1035],{"class":96},[45,11954,118],{"class":59},[45,11956,11957],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,11958,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,11960,11961,11963,11965,11968,11970,11972],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,11962,716],{"class":51},[45,11964,56],{"class":55},[45,11966,11967],{"class":51}," my_dict",[45,11969,132],{"class":59},[45,11971,11588],{"class":135},[45,11973,139],{"class":59},[45,11975,11976],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,11977,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,11979,11980,11982,11984,11986],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,11981,153],{"class":152},[45,11983,156],{"class":59},[45,11985,740],{"class":135},[45,11987,161],{"class":59},[45,11989,11990,11992,11994,11996],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,11991,153],{"class":152},[45,11993,156],{"class":59},[45,11995,294],{"class":135},[45,11997,161],{"class":59},[20,11999,182],{},[36,12001,12003],{"className":38,"code":12002,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n{}\n",[15,12004,12005,12010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12006,12007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12008,12009],{"class":4080},"None\n",[45,12011,12012],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12013,9647],{"class":59},[1398,12015,12017],{"id":12016},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12019,12020,12021,12023],{},"Do ",[355,12022,4854],{}," do this:",[36,12025,12027],{"className":38,"code":12026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12028,12029,12061,12075,12079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12030,12031,12033,12035,12037,12039,12041,12043,12045,12047,12049,12051,12053,12055,12057,12059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12032,11925],{"class":51},[45,12034,56],{"class":55},[45,12036,60],{"class":59},[45,12038,64],{"class":63},[45,12040,2403],{"class":67},[45,12042,64],{"class":63},[45,12044,73],{"class":59},[45,12046,1049],{"class":96},[45,12048,84],{"class":59},[45,12050,76],{"class":63},[45,12052,11946],{"class":67},[45,12054,64],{"class":63},[45,12056,73],{"class":59},[45,12058,1035],{"class":96},[45,12060,118],{"class":59},[45,12062,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12064,11925],{"class":51},[45,12066,56],{"class":55},[45,12068,11967],{"class":51},[45,12070,132],{"class":59},[45,12072,11588],{"class":135},[45,12074,139],{"class":59},[45,12076,12077],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12078,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12080,12081,12083,12085,12087],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,12082,153],{"class":152},[45,12084,156],{"class":59},[45,12086,294],{"class":135},[45,12088,161],{"class":59},[20,12090,182],{},[36,12092,12093],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,12094,12095],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12096,12097],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12098,12009],{"class":4080},[20,12100,12101],{},"Why this happens:",[258,12103,12104,12110,12115],{},[261,12105,12106,12109],{},[15,12107,12108],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[261,12111,12112,12113],{},"The method returns ",[15,12114,4006],{},[261,12116,12117,12118,12121,12122,12124],{},"Then ",[15,12119,12120],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12123,4006],{}," in the variable",[20,12126,12127,12128,12130],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12129,11527],{}," by itself:",[36,12132,12134],{"className":38,"code":12133,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12135,12136,12168,12178,12182],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12137,12138,12140,12142,12144,12146,12148,12150,12152,12154,12156,12158,12160,12162,12164,12166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12139,11925],{"class":51},[45,12141,56],{"class":55},[45,12143,60],{"class":59},[45,12145,64],{"class":63},[45,12147,2403],{"class":67},[45,12149,64],{"class":63},[45,12151,73],{"class":59},[45,12153,1049],{"class":96},[45,12155,84],{"class":59},[45,12157,76],{"class":63},[45,12159,11946],{"class":67},[45,12161,64],{"class":63},[45,12163,73],{"class":59},[45,12165,1035],{"class":96},[45,12167,118],{"class":59},[45,12169,12170,12172,12174,12176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12171,294],{"class":51},[45,12173,132],{"class":59},[45,12175,11588],{"class":135},[45,12177,139],{"class":59},[45,12179,12180],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12181,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12183,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,12185,153],{"class":152},[45,12187,156],{"class":59},[45,12189,294],{"class":135},[45,12191,3889],{"class":59},[45,12193,11603],{"class":1712},[31,12195,12197,12199],{"id":12196},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12198,11527],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12201,12202],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[36,12204,12205],{"className":38,"code":11648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,12206,12207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12208,12209,12211,12213,12215],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12210,294],{"class":51},[45,12212,132],{"class":59},[45,12214,11588],{"class":135},[45,12216,139],{"class":59},[36,12218,12220],{"className":38,"code":12219,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12221,12222],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12223,12224,12226,12228],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12225,11925],{"class":51},[45,12227,56],{"class":55},[45,12229,10050],{"class":59},[1398,12231,12232],{"id":11588},[15,12233,11527],{},[258,12235,12236,12239,12242],{},[261,12237,12238],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[261,12240,12241],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[261,12243,12244],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1398,12246,12247],{"id":294},[15,12248,12249],{},"my_dict = {}",[258,12251,12252,12255,12258],{},[261,12253,12254],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[261,12256,12257],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[261,12259,12260],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12262,12263,12264,132],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[277,12265,12267],{"href":12266},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[31,12269,12271],{"id":12270},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12273,12274,12275,12277],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12276,11527],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[36,12279,12281],{"className":38,"code":12280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12282,12283,12316,12326,12330,12341,12345,12365,12385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12284,12285,12288,12290,12292,12294,12296,12298,12300,12302,12304,12306,12308,12310,12312,12314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12286,12287],{"class":51},"original ",[45,12289,56],{"class":55},[45,12291,60],{"class":59},[45,12293,64],{"class":63},[45,12295,277],{"class":67},[45,12297,64],{"class":63},[45,12299,73],{"class":59},[45,12301,1049],{"class":96},[45,12303,84],{"class":59},[45,12305,76],{"class":63},[45,12307,1930],{"class":67},[45,12309,64],{"class":63},[45,12311,73],{"class":59},[45,12313,1035],{"class":96},[45,12315,118],{"class":59},[45,12317,12318,12321,12323],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12319,12320],{"class":51},"other_ref ",[45,12322,56],{"class":55},[45,12324,12325],{"class":51}," original\n",[45,12327,12328],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12329,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12331,12332,12335,12337,12339],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,12333,12334],{"class":51},"original",[45,12336,132],{"class":59},[45,12338,11588],{"class":135},[45,12340,139],{"class":59},[45,12342,12343],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,12344,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12346,12347,12349,12351,12353,12356,12358,12360,12363],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,12348,153],{"class":152},[45,12350,156],{"class":59},[45,12352,64],{"class":63},[45,12354,12355],{"class":67},"original:",[45,12357,64],{"class":63},[45,12359,84],{"class":59},[45,12361,12362],{"class":135}," original",[45,12364,161],{"class":59},[45,12366,12367,12369,12371,12373,12376,12378,12380,12383],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,12368,153],{"class":152},[45,12370,156],{"class":59},[45,12372,64],{"class":63},[45,12374,12375],{"class":67},"other_ref:",[45,12377,64],{"class":63},[45,12379,84],{"class":59},[45,12381,12382],{"class":135}," other_ref",[45,12384,161],{"class":59},[45,12386,12387,12389,12391,12393,12396,12398],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,12388,153],{"class":152},[45,12390,156],{"class":59},[45,12392,12287],{"class":135},[45,12394,12395],{"class":921},"is",[45,12397,12382],{"class":135},[45,12399,161],{"class":59},[20,12401,182],{},[36,12403,12405],{"className":38,"code":12404,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12406,12407,12415,12424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12408,12409,12411,12413],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12410,12334],{"class":51},[45,12412,73],{"class":59},[45,12414,10050],{"class":59},[45,12416,12417,12420,12422],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12418,12419],{"class":51},"other_ref",[45,12421,73],{"class":59},[45,12423,10050],{"class":59},[45,12425,12426],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12427,4205],{"class":4080},[20,12429,12430],{},"This shows:",[258,12432,12433,12440,12445],{},[261,12434,12435,329,12437,12439],{},[15,12436,12334],{},[15,12438,12419],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[261,12441,12442,12444],{},[15,12443,11527],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[261,12446,12447],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12449,12450],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[36,12452,12454],{"className":38,"code":12453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12455,12456,12488,12496,12500,12508,12512,12530,12548],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12457,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12459,12287],{"class":51},[45,12461,56],{"class":55},[45,12463,60],{"class":59},[45,12465,64],{"class":63},[45,12467,277],{"class":67},[45,12469,64],{"class":63},[45,12471,73],{"class":59},[45,12473,1049],{"class":96},[45,12475,84],{"class":59},[45,12477,76],{"class":63},[45,12479,1930],{"class":67},[45,12481,64],{"class":63},[45,12483,73],{"class":59},[45,12485,1035],{"class":96},[45,12487,118],{"class":59},[45,12489,12490,12492,12494],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12491,12320],{"class":51},[45,12493,56],{"class":55},[45,12495,12325],{"class":51},[45,12497,12498],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12499,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12501,12502,12504,12506],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,12503,12287],{"class":51},[45,12505,56],{"class":55},[45,12507,10050],{"class":59},[45,12509,12510],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,12511,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12513,12514,12516,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,12515,153],{"class":152},[45,12517,156],{"class":59},[45,12519,64],{"class":63},[45,12521,12355],{"class":67},[45,12523,64],{"class":63},[45,12525,84],{"class":59},[45,12527,12362],{"class":135},[45,12529,161],{"class":59},[45,12531,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,12533,153],{"class":152},[45,12535,156],{"class":59},[45,12537,64],{"class":63},[45,12539,12375],{"class":67},[45,12541,64],{"class":63},[45,12543,84],{"class":59},[45,12545,12382],{"class":135},[45,12547,161],{"class":59},[45,12549,12550,12552,12554,12556,12558,12560],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,12551,153],{"class":152},[45,12553,156],{"class":59},[45,12555,12287],{"class":135},[45,12557,12395],{"class":921},[45,12559,12382],{"class":135},[45,12561,161],{"class":59},[20,12563,182],{},[36,12565,12567],{"className":38,"code":12566,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12568,12569,12577,12609],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12570,12571,12573,12575],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12572,12334],{"class":51},[45,12574,73],{"class":59},[45,12576,10050],{"class":59},[45,12578,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12580,12419],{"class":51},[45,12582,73],{"class":59},[45,12584,60],{"class":59},[45,12586,198],{"class":63},[45,12588,277],{"class":67},[45,12590,198],{"class":63},[45,12592,73],{"class":59},[45,12594,1049],{"class":96},[45,12596,84],{"class":59},[45,12598,211],{"class":63},[45,12600,1930],{"class":67},[45,12602,198],{"class":63},[45,12604,73],{"class":59},[45,12606,1035],{"class":96},[45,12608,118],{"class":59},[45,12610,12611],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12612,4266],{"class":4080},[20,12614,2408],{},[258,12616,12617,12623],{},[261,12618,12619,12622],{},[15,12620,12621],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[261,12624,12625,12627],{},[15,12626,12419],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12629,12630,12631,132],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[277,12632,12634],{"href":12633},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12635,12636],{},"dict.copy()",[31,12638,5185,12640],{"id":12639},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12641,11527],{},[20,12643,12644,12646],{},[15,12645,11527],{}," is useful when you want to:",[258,12648,12649,12652,12655],{},[261,12650,12651],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[261,12653,12654],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[261,12656,12657],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12659,361],{},[36,12661,12663],{"className":38,"code":12662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12664,12665,12674,12690,12710,12723,12727,12731,12736,12747,12751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12666,12667,12670,12672],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12668,12669],{"class":51},"session_data ",[45,12671,56],{"class":55},[45,12673,11695],{"class":59},[45,12675,12676,12678,12681,12683,12685,12688],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12677,11700],{"class":63},[45,12679,12680],{"class":67},"user_id",[45,12682,64],{"class":63},[45,12684,73],{"class":59},[45,12686,12687],{"class":96}," 101",[45,12689,11716],{"class":59},[45,12691,12692,12694,12697,12699,12701,12703,12706,12708],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12693,11700],{"class":63},[45,12695,12696],{"class":67},"theme",[45,12698,64],{"class":63},[45,12700,73],{"class":59},[45,12702,76],{"class":63},[45,12704,12705],{"class":67},"dark",[45,12707,64],{"class":63},[45,12709,11716],{"class":59},[45,12711,12712,12714,12717,12719,12721],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,12713,11700],{"class":63},[45,12715,12716],{"class":67},"logged_in",[45,12718,64],{"class":63},[45,12720,73],{"class":59},[45,12722,6643],{"class":4080},[45,12724,12725],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,12726,118],{"class":59},[45,12728,12729],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,12730,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12732,12733],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,12734,12735],{"class":1712},"# Reset for a new session\n",[45,12737,12738,12741,12743,12745],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,12739,12740],{"class":51},"session_data",[45,12742,132],{"class":59},[45,12744,11588],{"class":135},[45,12746,139],{"class":59},[45,12748,12749],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,12750,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,12752,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,12754,153],{"class":152},[45,12756,156],{"class":59},[45,12758,12740],{"class":135},[45,12760,3889],{"class":59},[45,12762,11603],{"class":1712},[20,12764,12765,12766,12772,12773,132,12777,12779,12780,132],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[277,12767,12769],{"href":12768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12770,12771],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[277,12774,12776],{"href":12775},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10058,12778],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[277,12781,12783],{"href":12782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12784,12785],{},"dict.popitem()",[31,12787,3061],{"id":3060},[20,12789,10955,12790,73],{},[15,12791,11527],{},[258,12793,12794,12800,12805,12808],{},[261,12795,12796,12797,12799],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12798,11527],{}," to a variable",[261,12801,8670,12802,12804],{},[15,12803,11527],{}," to return a new dictionary",[261,12806,12807],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[261,12809,12810],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12812,12813],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[36,12815,12817],{"className":38,"code":12816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12818,12819,12829,12843,12858],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,12820,12821,12823,12825,12827],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,12822,153],{"class":152},[45,12824,156],{"class":59},[45,12826,294],{"class":135},[45,12828,161],{"class":59},[45,12830,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,12832,153],{"class":152},[45,12834,156],{"class":59},[45,12836,1478],{"class":171},[45,12838,156],{"class":59},[45,12840,294],{"class":135},[45,12842,179],{"class":59},[45,12844,12845,12847,12849,12852,12854,12856],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,12846,153],{"class":152},[45,12848,156],{"class":59},[45,12850,12851],{"class":152},"id",[45,12853,156],{"class":59},[45,12855,294],{"class":135},[45,12857,179],{"class":59},[45,12859,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,12861,153],{"class":152},[45,12863,156],{"class":59},[45,12865,12320],{"class":135},[45,12867,12395],{"class":921},[45,12869,11967],{"class":135},[45,12871,161],{"class":59},[20,12873,12874],{},"What these show:",[258,12876,12877,12883,12889,12895],{},[261,12878,12879,12882],{},[15,12880,12881],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[261,12884,12885,12888],{},[15,12886,12887],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[261,12890,12891,12894],{},[15,12892,12893],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[261,12896,12897,12900],{},[15,12898,12899],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[31,12902,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,12904,2062,12906,12908],{"id":12905},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12907,11527],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12910,12911],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1398,12913,2049,12915,12917],{"id":12914},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12916,11532],{}," return?",[20,12919,1610,12920,132],{},[15,12921,4006],{},[1398,12923,5400,12925,329,12927,2079],{"id":12924},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12926,11527],{},[15,12928,4020],{},[20,12930,12931,12933,12934,12936],{},[15,12932,11527],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12935,4020],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1398,12938,2062,12940,12942],{"id":12939},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12941,11527],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12944,12945],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[31,12947,2114],{"id":2113},[258,12949,12950,12954,12958,12965,12972,12979,12984],{},[261,12951,12952],{},[277,12953,9374],{"href":9373},[261,12955,12956],{},[277,12957,2133],{"href":279},[261,12959,12960],{},[277,12961,991,12962,994],{"href":12768},[15,12963,12964],{},"pop()",[261,12966,12967],{},[277,12968,991,12969,994],{"href":12782},[15,12970,12971],{},"popitem()",[261,12973,12974],{},[277,12975,991,12976,994],{"href":12633},[15,12977,12978],{},"copy()",[261,12980,12981],{},[277,12982,12983],{"href":12266},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[261,12985,12986],{},[277,12987,12988],{"href":12775},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2154,12990,12991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":12993},[12994,12995,12997,12998,12999,13003,13008,13009,13011,13012,13022],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":11611,"depth":121,"text":12996},"What clear() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":11904,"depth":121,"text":13000,"children":13001},"What clear() returns",[13002],{"id":12016,"depth":142,"text":12017},{"id":12196,"depth":121,"text":13004,"children":13005},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13006,13007],{"id":11588,"depth":142,"text":11527},{"id":294,"depth":142,"text":12249},{"id":12270,"depth":121,"text":12271},{"id":12639,"depth":121,"text":13010},"When to use clear()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":13013},[13014,13016,13018,13020],{"id":12905,"depth":142,"text":13015},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12914,"depth":142,"text":13017},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12924,"depth":142,"text":13019},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12939,"depth":142,"text":13021},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11519,"description":13023},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13030,"title":13031,"body":13032,"description":15190,"extension":2195,"meta":15191,"navigation":145,"path":15192,"seo":15193,"stem":15194,"__hash__":15195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13033,"toc":15162},[13034,13039,13044,13054,13056,13142,13146,13187,13192,13199,13217,13226,13228,13249,13251,13263,13265,13343,13347,13388,13390,13393,13517,13521,13601,13604,13622,13625,13629,13635,13637,13648,13650,13843,13847,13953,13956,13974,13977,13984,13989,13993,14007,14009,14136,14140,14220,14233,14239,14242,14250,14254,14380,14384,14458,14463,14594,14598,14672,14675,14689,14693,14697,14711,14713,14849,14853,14922,14924,14929,14951,14954,15061,15064,15075,15082,15084,15090,15093,15100,15103,15110,15118,15122,15125,15127,15159],[10,13035,13,13037,18],{"id":13036},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13038,12978],{},[20,13040,13041,13043],{},[15,13042,12636],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13045,13046,13047,13049,13050,13053],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13048,12978],{}," makes a ",[355,13051,13052],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[31,13055,34],{"id":33},[36,13057,13059],{"className":38,"code":13058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13060,13061,13097,13113,13117,13128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13062,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13064,52],{"class":51},[45,13066,56],{"class":55},[45,13068,60],{"class":59},[45,13070,64],{"class":63},[45,13072,68],{"class":67},[45,13074,64],{"class":63},[45,13076,73],{"class":59},[45,13078,76],{"class":63},[45,13080,79],{"class":67},[45,13082,64],{"class":63},[45,13084,84],{"class":59},[45,13086,76],{"class":63},[45,13088,89],{"class":67},[45,13090,64],{"class":63},[45,13092,73],{"class":59},[45,13094,97],{"class":96},[45,13096,118],{"class":59},[45,13098,13099,13102,13104,13106,13108,13111],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13100,13101],{"class":51},"student_copy ",[45,13103,56],{"class":55},[45,13105,129],{"class":51},[45,13107,132],{"class":59},[45,13109,13110],{"class":135},"copy",[45,13112,139],{"class":59},[45,13114,13115],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,13116,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13118,13119,13121,13123,13126],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,13120,153],{"class":152},[45,13122,156],{"class":59},[45,13124,13125],{"class":135},"student_copy",[45,13127,161],{"class":59},[45,13129,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,13131,153],{"class":152},[45,13133,156],{"class":59},[45,13135,13101],{"class":135},[45,13137,12395],{"class":921},[45,13139,129],{"class":135},[45,13141,161],{"class":59},[20,13143,13144],{},[355,13145,182],{},[36,13147,13149],{"className":38,"code":13148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13150,13151,13183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13152,13153,13155,13157,13159,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177,13179,13181],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13154,9495],{"class":59},[45,13156,198],{"class":63},[45,13158,68],{"class":67},[45,13160,198],{"class":63},[45,13162,73],{"class":59},[45,13164,211],{"class":63},[45,13166,79],{"class":67},[45,13168,198],{"class":63},[45,13170,84],{"class":59},[45,13172,211],{"class":63},[45,13174,89],{"class":67},[45,13176,198],{"class":63},[45,13178,73],{"class":59},[45,13180,97],{"class":96},[45,13182,118],{"class":59},[45,13184,13185],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13186,4266],{"class":4080},[20,13188,1006,13189,13191],{},[15,13190,12978],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[31,13193,13195,13196,13198],{"id":13194},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13197,12978],{}," method does",[258,13200,13201,13206,13209,13214],{},[261,13202,13203,13205],{},[15,13204,12636],{}," returns a new dictionary",[261,13207,13208],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[261,13210,13211,13212],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13213,12978],{},[261,13215,13216],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13218,13219,13220,995,13223,132],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[277,13221,9374],{"href":13222},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[277,13224,280],{"href":13225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[31,13227,284],{"id":283},[36,13229,13231],{"className":38,"code":13230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13232,13233],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13234,13235,13238,13240,13243,13245,13247],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13236,13237],{"class":51},"new_dict ",[45,13239,56],{"class":55},[45,13241,13242],{"class":51}," old_dict",[45,13244,132],{"class":59},[45,13246,13110],{"class":135},[45,13248,139],{"class":59},[20,13250,303],{},[258,13252,13253,13257,13260],{},[261,13254,13255,310],{},[15,13256,12978],{},[261,13258,13259],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[261,13261,13262],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13264,361],{},[36,13266,13268],{"className":38,"code":13267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13269,13270,13312,13328,13332],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13271,13272,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13273,13274],{"class":51},"colors ",[45,13276,56],{"class":55},[45,13278,60],{"class":59},[45,13280,64],{"class":63},[45,13282,277],{"class":67},[45,13284,64],{"class":63},[45,13286,73],{"class":59},[45,13288,76],{"class":63},[45,13290,13291],{"class":67},"red",[45,13293,64],{"class":63},[45,13295,84],{"class":59},[45,13297,76],{"class":63},[45,13299,1930],{"class":67},[45,13301,64],{"class":63},[45,13303,73],{"class":59},[45,13305,76],{"class":63},[45,13307,703],{"class":67},[45,13309,64],{"class":63},[45,13311,118],{"class":59},[45,13313,13314,13317,13319,13322,13324,13326],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13315,13316],{"class":51},"new_colors ",[45,13318,56],{"class":55},[45,13320,13321],{"class":51}," colors",[45,13323,132],{"class":59},[45,13325,13110],{"class":135},[45,13327,139],{"class":59},[45,13329,13330],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,13331,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13333,13334,13336,13338,13341],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,13335,153],{"class":152},[45,13337,156],{"class":59},[45,13339,13340],{"class":135},"new_colors",[45,13342,161],{"class":59},[20,13344,13345],{},[355,13346,182],{},[36,13348,13350],{"className":38,"code":13349,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13351,13352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13353,13354,13356,13358,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374,13376,13378,13380,13382,13384,13386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13355,9495],{"class":59},[45,13357,198],{"class":63},[45,13359,277],{"class":67},[45,13361,198],{"class":63},[45,13363,73],{"class":59},[45,13365,211],{"class":63},[45,13367,13291],{"class":67},[45,13369,198],{"class":63},[45,13371,84],{"class":59},[45,13373,211],{"class":63},[45,13375,1930],{"class":67},[45,13377,198],{"class":63},[45,13379,73],{"class":59},[45,13381,211],{"class":63},[45,13383,703],{"class":67},[45,13385,198],{"class":63},[45,13387,118],{"class":59},[31,13389,640],{"id":639},[20,13391,13392],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[36,13394,13396],{"className":38,"code":13395,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13397,13398,13435,13450,13454,13474,13478,13497],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13399,13400,13402,13404,13406,13408,13410,13412,13414,13416,13419,13421,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13401,371],{"class":51},[45,13403,56],{"class":55},[45,13405,60],{"class":59},[45,13407,64],{"class":63},[45,13409,68],{"class":67},[45,13411,64],{"class":63},[45,13413,73],{"class":59},[45,13415,76],{"class":63},[45,13417,13418],{"class":67},"Liam",[45,13420,64],{"class":63},[45,13422,84],{"class":59},[45,13424,76],{"class":63},[45,13426,89],{"class":67},[45,13428,64],{"class":63},[45,13430,73],{"class":59},[45,13432,403],{"class":96},[45,13434,118],{"class":59},[45,13436,13437,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13438,13439],{"class":51},"person_copy ",[45,13441,56],{"class":55},[45,13443,419],{"class":51},[45,13445,132],{"class":59},[45,13447,13110],{"class":135},[45,13449,139],{"class":59},[45,13451,13452],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,13453,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13455,13456,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467,13469,13471],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,13457,13458],{"class":51},"person_copy",[45,13460,223],{"class":59},[45,13462,64],{"class":63},[45,13464,89],{"class":67},[45,13466,64],{"class":63},[45,13468,457],{"class":59},[45,13470,460],{"class":55},[45,13472,13473],{"class":96}," 26\n",[45,13475,13476],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,13477,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13479,13480,13482,13484,13486,13489,13491,13493,13495],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,13481,153],{"class":152},[45,13483,156],{"class":59},[45,13485,64],{"class":63},[45,13487,13488],{"class":67},"Original:",[45,13490,64],{"class":63},[45,13492,84],{"class":59},[45,13494,419],{"class":135},[45,13496,161],{"class":59},[45,13498,13499,13501,13503,13505,13508,13510,13512,13515],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,13500,153],{"class":152},[45,13502,156],{"class":59},[45,13504,64],{"class":63},[45,13506,13507],{"class":67},"Copy:",[45,13509,64],{"class":63},[45,13511,84],{"class":59},[45,13513,13514],{"class":135}," person_copy",[45,13516,161],{"class":59},[20,13518,13519],{},[355,13520,182],{},[36,13522,13524],{"className":38,"code":13523,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13525,13526,13563],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13527,13528,13531,13533,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545,13547,13549,13551,13553,13555,13557,13559,13561],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13529,13530],{"class":51},"Original",[45,13532,73],{"class":59},[45,13534,60],{"class":59},[45,13536,198],{"class":63},[45,13538,68],{"class":67},[45,13540,198],{"class":63},[45,13542,73],{"class":59},[45,13544,211],{"class":63},[45,13546,13418],{"class":67},[45,13548,198],{"class":63},[45,13550,84],{"class":59},[45,13552,211],{"class":63},[45,13554,89],{"class":67},[45,13556,198],{"class":63},[45,13558,73],{"class":59},[45,13560,403],{"class":96},[45,13562,118],{"class":59},[45,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13599],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13566,13567],{"class":51},"Copy",[45,13569,73],{"class":59},[45,13571,60],{"class":59},[45,13573,198],{"class":63},[45,13575,68],{"class":67},[45,13577,198],{"class":63},[45,13579,73],{"class":59},[45,13581,211],{"class":63},[45,13583,13418],{"class":67},[45,13585,198],{"class":63},[45,13587,84],{"class":59},[45,13589,211],{"class":63},[45,13591,89],{"class":67},[45,13593,198],{"class":63},[45,13595,73],{"class":59},[45,13597,13598],{"class":96}," 26",[45,13600,118],{"class":59},[20,13602,13603],{},"What happened here:",[258,13605,13606,13612,13619],{},[261,13607,13608,13611],{},[15,13609,13610],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[261,13613,13614,13615,13618],{},"Changing ",[15,13616,13617],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[261,13620,13621],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13623,13624],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[31,13626,13628],{"id":13627},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13630,13631,13049,13633,132],{},[15,13632,12978],{},[355,13634,13052],{},[20,13636,2338],{},[258,13638,13639,13642,13645],{},[261,13640,13641],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[261,13643,13644],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[261,13646,13647],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13649,361],{},[36,13651,13653],{"className":38,"code":13652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13654,13655,13663,13681,13703,13707,13711,13725,13729,13754,13758,13776,13795,13810],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13656,13657,13659,13661],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13658,52],{"class":51},[45,13660,56],{"class":55},[45,13662,11695],{"class":59},[45,13664,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13666,11700],{"class":63},[45,13668,68],{"class":67},[45,13670,64],{"class":63},[45,13672,73],{"class":59},[45,13674,76],{"class":63},[45,13676,79],{"class":67},[45,13678,64],{"class":63},[45,13680,11716],{"class":59},[45,13682,13683,13685,13688,13690,13692,13694,13697,13699,13701],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,13684,11700],{"class":63},[45,13686,13687],{"class":67},"grades",[45,13689,64],{"class":63},[45,13691,73],{"class":59},[45,13693,1427],{"class":59},[45,13695,13696],{"class":96},"90",[45,13698,84],{"class":59},[45,13700,896],{"class":96},[45,13702,244],{"class":59},[45,13704,13705],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,13706,118],{"class":59},[45,13708,13709],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,13710,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13712,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,13714,13101],{"class":51},[45,13716,56],{"class":55},[45,13718,129],{"class":51},[45,13720,132],{"class":59},[45,13722,13110],{"class":135},[45,13724,139],{"class":59},[45,13726,13727],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,13728,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13730,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13744,13747,13749,13752],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,13732,13125],{"class":51},[45,13734,223],{"class":59},[45,13736,64],{"class":63},[45,13738,13687],{"class":67},[45,13740,64],{"class":63},[45,13742,13743],{"class":59},"].",[45,13745,13746],{"class":135},"append",[45,13748,156],{"class":59},[45,13750,13751],{"class":96},"100",[45,13753,161],{"class":59},[45,13755,13756],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,13757,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,13759,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,13761,153],{"class":152},[45,13763,156],{"class":59},[45,13765,64],{"class":63},[45,13767,13488],{"class":67},[45,13769,64],{"class":63},[45,13771,84],{"class":59},[45,13773,129],{"class":135},[45,13775,161],{"class":59},[45,13777,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13793],{"class":47,"line":11797},[45,13779,153],{"class":152},[45,13781,156],{"class":59},[45,13783,64],{"class":63},[45,13785,13507],{"class":67},[45,13787,64],{"class":63},[45,13789,84],{"class":59},[45,13791,13792],{"class":135}," student_copy",[45,13794,161],{"class":59},[45,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808],{"class":47,"line":13797},12,[45,13799,153],{"class":152},[45,13801,156],{"class":59},[45,13803,52],{"class":135},[45,13805,12395],{"class":921},[45,13807,13792],{"class":135},[45,13809,161],{"class":59},[45,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841],{"class":47,"line":13812},13,[45,13814,153],{"class":152},[45,13816,156],{"class":59},[45,13818,1255],{"class":135},[45,13820,223],{"class":59},[45,13822,64],{"class":63},[45,13824,13687],{"class":67},[45,13826,64],{"class":63},[45,13828,457],{"class":59},[45,13830,8315],{"class":921},[45,13832,13792],{"class":135},[45,13834,223],{"class":59},[45,13836,64],{"class":63},[45,13838,13687],{"class":67},[45,13840,64],{"class":63},[45,13842,218],{"class":59},[20,13844,13845],{},[355,13846,182],{},[36,13848,13850],{"className":38,"code":13849,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13851,13852,13899,13945,13949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,13853,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,13855,13530],{"class":51},[45,13857,73],{"class":59},[45,13859,60],{"class":59},[45,13861,198],{"class":63},[45,13863,68],{"class":67},[45,13865,198],{"class":63},[45,13867,73],{"class":59},[45,13869,211],{"class":63},[45,13871,79],{"class":67},[45,13873,198],{"class":63},[45,13875,84],{"class":59},[45,13877,211],{"class":63},[45,13879,13687],{"class":67},[45,13881,198],{"class":63},[45,13883,73],{"class":59},[45,13885,1427],{"class":59},[45,13887,13696],{"class":96},[45,13889,84],{"class":59},[45,13891,896],{"class":96},[45,13893,84],{"class":59},[45,13895,10330],{"class":96},[45,13897,13898],{"class":59},"]}\n",[45,13900,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13941,13943],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,13902,13567],{"class":51},[45,13904,73],{"class":59},[45,13906,60],{"class":59},[45,13908,198],{"class":63},[45,13910,68],{"class":67},[45,13912,198],{"class":63},[45,13914,73],{"class":59},[45,13916,211],{"class":63},[45,13918,79],{"class":67},[45,13920,198],{"class":63},[45,13922,84],{"class":59},[45,13924,211],{"class":63},[45,13926,13687],{"class":67},[45,13928,198],{"class":63},[45,13930,73],{"class":59},[45,13932,1427],{"class":59},[45,13934,13696],{"class":96},[45,13936,84],{"class":59},[45,13938,896],{"class":96},[45,13940,84],{"class":59},[45,13942,10330],{"class":96},[45,13944,13898],{"class":59},[45,13946,13947],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,13948,4266],{"class":4080},[45,13950,13951],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,13952,4205],{"class":4080},[20,13954,13955],{},"Notice the difference:",[258,13957,13958,13966],{},[261,13959,13960,5007,13963,13965],{},[15,13961,13962],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13964,3902],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[261,13967,13968,5007,13971,13973],{},[15,13969,13970],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13972,3831],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13975,13976],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13978,13979,13980,132],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[277,13981,13983],{"href":13982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[31,13985,5185,13987],{"id":13986},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13988,12978],{},[20,13990,1006,13991,10811],{},[15,13992,12978],{},[258,13994,13995,13998,14001,14004],{},[261,13996,13997],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[261,13999,14000],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[261,14002,14003],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[261,14005,14006],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14008,361],{},[36,14010,14012],{"className":38,"code":14011,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14013,14014,14053,14069,14073,14093,14097,14116],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14015,14016,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14044,14046,14048,14051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14017,14018],{"class":51},"settings ",[45,14020,56],{"class":55},[45,14022,60],{"class":59},[45,14024,64],{"class":63},[45,14026,12696],{"class":67},[45,14028,64],{"class":63},[45,14030,73],{"class":59},[45,14032,76],{"class":63},[45,14034,12705],{"class":67},[45,14036,64],{"class":63},[45,14038,84],{"class":59},[45,14040,76],{"class":63},[45,14042,14043],{"class":67},"font_size",[45,14045,64],{"class":63},[45,14047,73],{"class":59},[45,14049,14050],{"class":96}," 14",[45,14052,118],{"class":59},[45,14054,14055,14058,14060,14063,14065,14067],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14056,14057],{"class":51},"settings_backup ",[45,14059,56],{"class":55},[45,14061,14062],{"class":51}," settings",[45,14064,132],{"class":59},[45,14066,13110],{"class":135},[45,14068,139],{"class":59},[45,14070,14071],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14072,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14074,14075,14078,14080,14082,14084,14086,14088,14090],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,14076,14077],{"class":51},"settings",[45,14079,223],{"class":59},[45,14081,64],{"class":63},[45,14083,14043],{"class":67},[45,14085,64],{"class":63},[45,14087,457],{"class":59},[45,14089,460],{"class":55},[45,14091,14092],{"class":96}," 16\n",[45,14094,14095],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,14096,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14098,14099,14101,14103,14105,14108,14110,14112,14114],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,14100,153],{"class":152},[45,14102,156],{"class":59},[45,14104,64],{"class":63},[45,14106,14107],{"class":67},"Current:",[45,14109,64],{"class":63},[45,14111,84],{"class":59},[45,14113,14062],{"class":135},[45,14115,161],{"class":59},[45,14117,14118,14120,14122,14124,14127,14129,14131,14134],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,14119,153],{"class":152},[45,14121,156],{"class":59},[45,14123,64],{"class":63},[45,14125,14126],{"class":67},"Backup:",[45,14128,64],{"class":63},[45,14130,84],{"class":59},[45,14132,14133],{"class":135}," settings_backup",[45,14135,161],{"class":59},[20,14137,14138],{},[355,14139,182],{},[36,14141,14143],{"className":38,"code":14142,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14144,14145,14183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14146,14147,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14176,14178,14181],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14148,14149],{"class":51},"Current",[45,14151,73],{"class":59},[45,14153,60],{"class":59},[45,14155,198],{"class":63},[45,14157,12696],{"class":67},[45,14159,198],{"class":63},[45,14161,73],{"class":59},[45,14163,211],{"class":63},[45,14165,12705],{"class":67},[45,14167,198],{"class":63},[45,14169,84],{"class":59},[45,14171,211],{"class":63},[45,14173,14043],{"class":67},[45,14175,198],{"class":63},[45,14177,73],{"class":59},[45,14179,14180],{"class":96}," 16",[45,14182,118],{"class":59},[45,14184,14185,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14186,14187],{"class":51},"Backup",[45,14189,73],{"class":59},[45,14191,60],{"class":59},[45,14193,198],{"class":63},[45,14195,12696],{"class":67},[45,14197,198],{"class":63},[45,14199,73],{"class":59},[45,14201,211],{"class":63},[45,14203,12705],{"class":67},[45,14205,198],{"class":63},[45,14207,84],{"class":59},[45,14209,211],{"class":63},[45,14211,14043],{"class":67},[45,14213,198],{"class":63},[45,14215,73],{"class":59},[45,14217,14050],{"class":96},[45,14219,118],{"class":59},[20,14221,14222,14223,995,14229,132],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[277,14224,14226],{"href":14225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14227,14228],{},"dict.update()",[277,14230,14231],{"href":13025},[15,14232,11532],{},[31,14234,14236,14238],{"id":14235},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14237,12978],{}," vs assignment",[20,14240,14241],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14243,1797,14244,14246,14247,14249],{},[15,14245,56],{}," does ",[355,14248,4854],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1398,14251,14253],{"id":14252},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[36,14255,14257],{"className":38,"code":14256,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14258,14259,14291,14300,14304,14324,14328,14346,14366],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14260,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14262,12287],{"class":51},[45,14264,56],{"class":55},[45,14266,60],{"class":59},[45,14268,64],{"class":63},[45,14270,2403],{"class":67},[45,14272,64],{"class":63},[45,14274,73],{"class":59},[45,14276,1049],{"class":96},[45,14278,84],{"class":59},[45,14280,76],{"class":63},[45,14282,11946],{"class":67},[45,14284,64],{"class":63},[45,14286,73],{"class":59},[45,14288,1035],{"class":96},[45,14290,118],{"class":59},[45,14292,14293,14296,14298],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14294,14295],{"class":51},"assigned ",[45,14297,56],{"class":55},[45,14299,12325],{"class":51},[45,14301,14302],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14303,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14305,14306,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,14307,14308],{"class":51},"assigned",[45,14310,223],{"class":59},[45,14312,64],{"class":63},[45,14314,2403],{"class":67},[45,14316,64],{"class":63},[45,14318,457],{"class":59},[45,14320,460],{"class":55},[45,14322,14323],{"class":96}," 99\n",[45,14325,14326],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,14327,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14329,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,14331,153],{"class":152},[45,14333,156],{"class":59},[45,14335,64],{"class":63},[45,14337,13488],{"class":67},[45,14339,64],{"class":63},[45,14341,84],{"class":59},[45,14343,12362],{"class":135},[45,14345,161],{"class":59},[45,14347,14348,14350,14352,14354,14357,14359,14361,14364],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,14349,153],{"class":152},[45,14351,156],{"class":59},[45,14353,64],{"class":63},[45,14355,14356],{"class":67},"Assigned:",[45,14358,64],{"class":63},[45,14360,84],{"class":59},[45,14362,14363],{"class":135}," assigned",[45,14365,161],{"class":59},[45,14367,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,14369,153],{"class":152},[45,14371,156],{"class":59},[45,14373,12287],{"class":135},[45,14375,12395],{"class":921},[45,14377,14363],{"class":135},[45,14379,161],{"class":59},[20,14381,14382],{},[355,14383,182],{},[36,14385,14387],{"className":38,"code":14386,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14388,14389,14421,14454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14390,14391,14393,14395,14397,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14392,13530],{"class":51},[45,14394,73],{"class":59},[45,14396,60],{"class":59},[45,14398,198],{"class":63},[45,14400,2403],{"class":67},[45,14402,198],{"class":63},[45,14404,73],{"class":59},[45,14406,10409],{"class":96},[45,14408,84],{"class":59},[45,14410,211],{"class":63},[45,14412,11946],{"class":67},[45,14414,198],{"class":63},[45,14416,73],{"class":59},[45,14418,1035],{"class":96},[45,14420,118],{"class":59},[45,14422,14423,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14424,14425],{"class":51},"Assigned",[45,14427,73],{"class":59},[45,14429,60],{"class":59},[45,14431,198],{"class":63},[45,14433,2403],{"class":67},[45,14435,198],{"class":63},[45,14437,73],{"class":59},[45,14439,10409],{"class":96},[45,14441,84],{"class":59},[45,14443,211],{"class":63},[45,14445,11946],{"class":67},[45,14447,198],{"class":63},[45,14449,73],{"class":59},[45,14451,1035],{"class":96},[45,14453,118],{"class":59},[45,14455,14456],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14457,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,14459,1797,14461],{"id":14460},"using-copy",[15,14462,12978],{},[36,14464,14466],{"className":38,"code":14465,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14467,14468,14500,14515,14519,14538,14542,14560,14580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14469,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490,14492,14494,14496,14498],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14471,12287],{"class":51},[45,14473,56],{"class":55},[45,14475,60],{"class":59},[45,14477,64],{"class":63},[45,14479,2403],{"class":67},[45,14481,64],{"class":63},[45,14483,73],{"class":59},[45,14485,1049],{"class":96},[45,14487,84],{"class":59},[45,14489,76],{"class":63},[45,14491,11946],{"class":67},[45,14493,64],{"class":63},[45,14495,73],{"class":59},[45,14497,1035],{"class":96},[45,14499,118],{"class":59},[45,14501,14502,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14503,14504],{"class":51},"copied ",[45,14506,56],{"class":55},[45,14508,12362],{"class":51},[45,14510,132],{"class":59},[45,14512,13110],{"class":135},[45,14514,139],{"class":59},[45,14516,14517],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14518,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14520,14521,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,14522,14523],{"class":51},"copied",[45,14525,223],{"class":59},[45,14527,64],{"class":63},[45,14529,2403],{"class":67},[45,14531,64],{"class":63},[45,14533,457],{"class":59},[45,14535,460],{"class":55},[45,14537,14323],{"class":96},[45,14539,14540],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,14541,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14543,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,14545,153],{"class":152},[45,14547,156],{"class":59},[45,14549,64],{"class":63},[45,14551,13488],{"class":67},[45,14553,64],{"class":63},[45,14555,84],{"class":59},[45,14557,12362],{"class":135},[45,14559,161],{"class":59},[45,14561,14562,14564,14566,14568,14571,14573,14575,14578],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,14563,153],{"class":152},[45,14565,156],{"class":59},[45,14567,64],{"class":63},[45,14569,14570],{"class":67},"Copied:",[45,14572,64],{"class":63},[45,14574,84],{"class":59},[45,14576,14577],{"class":135}," copied",[45,14579,161],{"class":59},[45,14581,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,14583,153],{"class":152},[45,14585,156],{"class":59},[45,14587,12287],{"class":135},[45,14589,12395],{"class":921},[45,14591,14577],{"class":135},[45,14593,161],{"class":59},[20,14595,14596],{},[355,14597,182],{},[36,14599,14601],{"className":38,"code":14600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14602,14603,14635,14668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14604,14605,14607,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14606,13530],{"class":51},[45,14608,73],{"class":59},[45,14610,60],{"class":59},[45,14612,198],{"class":63},[45,14614,2403],{"class":67},[45,14616,198],{"class":63},[45,14618,73],{"class":59},[45,14620,1049],{"class":96},[45,14622,84],{"class":59},[45,14624,211],{"class":63},[45,14626,11946],{"class":67},[45,14628,198],{"class":63},[45,14630,73],{"class":59},[45,14632,1035],{"class":96},[45,14634,118],{"class":59},[45,14636,14637,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14638,14639],{"class":51},"Copied",[45,14641,73],{"class":59},[45,14643,60],{"class":59},[45,14645,198],{"class":63},[45,14647,2403],{"class":67},[45,14649,198],{"class":63},[45,14651,73],{"class":59},[45,14653,10409],{"class":96},[45,14655,84],{"class":59},[45,14657,211],{"class":63},[45,14659,11946],{"class":67},[45,14661,198],{"class":63},[45,14663,73],{"class":59},[45,14665,1035],{"class":96},[45,14667,118],{"class":59},[45,14669,14670],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14671,4266],{"class":4080},[20,14673,14674],{},"Summary:",[258,14676,14677,14683],{},[261,14678,14679,14682],{},[15,14680,14681],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[261,14684,14685,14688],{},[15,14686,14687],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[31,14690,14692],{"id":14691},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14694,14695,73],{},[15,14696,12978],{},[258,14698,14699,14702,14705,14708],{},[261,14700,14701],{},"Returns a dictionary",[261,14703,14704],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[261,14706,14707],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[261,14709,14710],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14712,361],{},[36,14714,14716],{"className":38,"code":14715,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14717,14718,14750,14766,14770,14788,14808,14812,14830],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14719,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14721,1909],{"class":51},[45,14723,56],{"class":55},[45,14725,60],{"class":59},[45,14727,64],{"class":63},[45,14729,277],{"class":67},[45,14731,64],{"class":63},[45,14733,73],{"class":59},[45,14735,1049],{"class":96},[45,14737,84],{"class":59},[45,14739,76],{"class":63},[45,14741,1930],{"class":67},[45,14743,64],{"class":63},[45,14745,73],{"class":59},[45,14747,1035],{"class":96},[45,14749,118],{"class":59},[45,14751,14752,14755,14757,14760,14762,14764],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14753,14754],{"class":51},"data_copy ",[45,14756,56],{"class":55},[45,14758,14759],{"class":51}," data",[45,14761,132],{"class":59},[45,14763,13110],{"class":135},[45,14765,139],{"class":59},[45,14767,14768],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14769,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14771,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,14773,1947],{"class":51},[45,14775,223],{"class":59},[45,14777,64],{"class":63},[45,14779,277],{"class":67},[45,14781,64],{"class":63},[45,14783,457],{"class":59},[45,14785,460],{"class":55},[45,14787,2817],{"class":96},[45,14789,14790,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803,14805],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,14791,14792],{"class":51},"data_copy",[45,14794,223],{"class":59},[45,14796,64],{"class":63},[45,14798,1930],{"class":67},[45,14800,64],{"class":63},[45,14802,457],{"class":59},[45,14804,460],{"class":55},[45,14806,14807],{"class":96}," 20\n",[45,14809,14810],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,14811,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,14813,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824,14826,14828],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,14815,153],{"class":152},[45,14817,156],{"class":59},[45,14819,64],{"class":63},[45,14821,13488],{"class":67},[45,14823,64],{"class":63},[45,14825,84],{"class":59},[45,14827,14759],{"class":135},[45,14829,161],{"class":59},[45,14831,14832,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14847],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,14833,153],{"class":152},[45,14835,156],{"class":59},[45,14837,64],{"class":63},[45,14839,13507],{"class":67},[45,14841,64],{"class":63},[45,14843,84],{"class":59},[45,14845,14846],{"class":135}," data_copy",[45,14848,161],{"class":59},[20,14850,14851],{},[355,14852,182],{},[36,14854,14856],{"className":38,"code":14855,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14857,14858,14890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14859,14860,14862,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14861,13530],{"class":51},[45,14863,73],{"class":59},[45,14865,60],{"class":59},[45,14867,198],{"class":63},[45,14869,277],{"class":67},[45,14871,198],{"class":63},[45,14873,73],{"class":59},[45,14875,6225],{"class":96},[45,14877,84],{"class":59},[45,14879,211],{"class":63},[45,14881,1930],{"class":67},[45,14883,198],{"class":63},[45,14885,73],{"class":59},[45,14887,1035],{"class":96},[45,14889,118],{"class":59},[45,14891,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14893,13567],{"class":51},[45,14895,73],{"class":59},[45,14897,60],{"class":59},[45,14899,198],{"class":63},[45,14901,277],{"class":67},[45,14903,198],{"class":63},[45,14905,73],{"class":59},[45,14907,1049],{"class":96},[45,14909,84],{"class":59},[45,14911,211],{"class":63},[45,14913,1930],{"class":67},[45,14915,198],{"class":63},[45,14917,73],{"class":59},[45,14919,97],{"class":96},[45,14921,118],{"class":59},[31,14923,3061],{"id":3060},[20,14925,14926,14927,73],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14928,12636],{},[258,14930,14931,14938,14943,14948],{},[261,14932,1797,14933,1800,14935,14937],{},[15,14934,56],{},[15,14936,12978],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[261,14939,1503,14940,14942],{},[15,14941,12978],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[261,14944,14945,14946],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14947,12978],{},[261,14949,14950],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14952,14953],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[36,14955,14957],{"className":38,"code":14956,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14958,14959,14969,14979,14993,15016,15039],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,14960,14961,14963,14965,14967],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,14962,153],{"class":152},[45,14964,156],{"class":59},[45,14966,12334],{"class":135},[45,14968,161],{"class":59},[45,14970,14971,14973,14975,14977],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,14972,153],{"class":152},[45,14974,156],{"class":59},[45,14976,14523],{"class":135},[45,14978,161],{"class":59},[45,14980,14981,14983,14985,14987,14989,14991],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,14982,153],{"class":152},[45,14984,156],{"class":59},[45,14986,12287],{"class":135},[45,14988,12395],{"class":921},[45,14990,14577],{"class":135},[45,14992,161],{"class":59},[45,14994,14995,14997,14999,15001,15003,15005,15007,15010,15012,15014],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,14996,153],{"class":152},[45,14998,156],{"class":59},[45,15000,12851],{"class":152},[45,15002,156],{"class":59},[45,15004,12334],{"class":135},[45,15006,9450],{"class":59},[45,15008,15009],{"class":152}," id",[45,15011,156],{"class":59},[45,15013,14523],{"class":135},[45,15015,179],{"class":59},[45,15017,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15035,15037],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,15019,153],{"class":152},[45,15021,156],{"class":59},[45,15023,12851],{"class":152},[45,15025,156],{"class":59},[45,15027,12334],{"class":135},[45,15029,223],{"class":59},[45,15031,64],{"class":63},[45,15033,15034],{"class":67},"key",[45,15036,64],{"class":63},[45,15038,3229],{"class":59},[45,15040,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,15042,153],{"class":152},[45,15044,156],{"class":59},[45,15046,12851],{"class":152},[45,15048,156],{"class":59},[45,15050,14523],{"class":135},[45,15052,223],{"class":59},[45,15054,64],{"class":63},[45,15056,15034],{"class":67},[45,15058,64],{"class":63},[45,15060,3229],{"class":59},[20,15062,15063],{},"What these help you check:",[258,15065,15066,15069,15072],{},[261,15067,15068],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[261,15070,15071],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[261,15073,15074],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15076,15077,15078,132],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[277,15079,15081],{"href":15080},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[31,15083,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,15085,2062,15087,15089],{"id":15086},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15088,12636],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15091,15092],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1398,15094,15096,15097,15099],{"id":15095},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15098,12636],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15101,15102],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1398,15104,5400,15106,329,15108,2079],{"id":15105},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15107,12978],{},[15,15109,56],{},[20,15111,15112,15114,15115,15117],{},[15,15113,12978],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15116,56],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1398,15119,15121],{"id":15120},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15123,15124],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[31,15126,2114],{"id":2113},[258,15128,15129,15133,15137,15141,15148,15154],{},[261,15130,15131],{},[277,15132,2133],{"href":13225},[261,15134,15135],{},[277,15136,9374],{"href":13222},[261,15138,15139],{},[277,15140,13983],{"href":13982},[261,15142,15143],{},[277,15144,991,15145,994],{"href":14225},[15,15146,15147],{},"update()",[261,15149,15150],{},[277,15151,991,15152,994],{"href":13025},[15,15153,11527],{},[261,15155,15156],{},[277,15157,15158],{"href":15080},"How to copy a list in Python",[2154,15160,15161],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":15163},[15164,15165,15167,15168,15169,15170,15172,15178,15179,15180,15189],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":13194,"depth":121,"text":15166},"What the copy() method does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":13627,"depth":121,"text":13628},{"id":13986,"depth":121,"text":15171},"When to use copy()",{"id":14235,"depth":121,"text":15173,"children":15174},"copy() vs assignment",[15175,15176],{"id":14252,"depth":142,"text":14253},{"id":14460,"depth":142,"text":15177},"Using copy()",{"id":14691,"depth":121,"text":14692},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":15181},[15182,15184,15186,15188],{"id":15086,"depth":142,"text":15183},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15095,"depth":142,"text":15185},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15105,"depth":142,"text":15187},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15120,"depth":142,"text":15121},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13031,"description":15190},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15197,"title":15198,"body":15199,"description":17386,"extension":2195,"meta":17387,"navigation":145,"path":13225,"seo":17388,"stem":17389,"__hash__":17390},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15200,"toc":17348},[15201,15204,15210,15219,15221,15297,15301,15350,15353,15357,15371,15374,15378,15391,15394,15427,15441,15444,15456,15460,15463,15471,15551,15555,15608,15612,15630,15632,15714,15717,15719,15722,15725,15748,15772,15776,15784,15787,15791,15800,15805,15863,15867,15900,15906,15912,15915,15970,15974,16024,16027,16033,16036,16044,16046,16091,16096,16105,16108,16111,16158,16160,16165,16168,16261,16265,16318,16321,16377,16380,16384,16387,16401,16405,16471,16475,16500,16503,16507,16585,16589,16592,16595,16615,16618,16671,16675,16678,16681,16694,16696,16785,16792,16795,16806,16808,16811,16831,16835,16837,16846,16849,16888,16892,16894,16903,16912,16914,16952,16956,17003,17007,17028,17032,17035,17146,17151,17246,17262,17264,17268,17275,17279,17285,17289,17292,17296,17299,17306,17314,17316,17342,17345],[10,15202,15198],{"id":15203},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15205,15206,15207,15209],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[355,15208,9350],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15211,15212,15213,995,15215,132],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[277,15214,9374],{"href":9373},[277,15216,15218],{"href":15217},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[31,15220,34],{"id":33},[36,15222,15224],{"className":38,"code":15223,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15225,15226,15234,15252,15266,15279,15283,15287],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15227,15228,15230,15232],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15229,52],{"class":51},[45,15231,56],{"class":55},[45,15233,11695],{"class":59},[45,15235,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15237,11700],{"class":63},[45,15239,68],{"class":67},[45,15241,64],{"class":63},[45,15243,73],{"class":59},[45,15245,76],{"class":63},[45,15247,79],{"class":67},[45,15249,64],{"class":63},[45,15251,11716],{"class":59},[45,15253,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,15255,11700],{"class":63},[45,15257,89],{"class":67},[45,15259,64],{"class":63},[45,15261,73],{"class":59},[45,15263,97],{"class":96},[45,15265,11716],{"class":59},[45,15267,15268,15270,15273,15275,15277],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,15269,11700],{"class":63},[45,15271,15272],{"class":67},"is_active",[45,15274,64],{"class":63},[45,15276,73],{"class":59},[45,15278,6643],{"class":4080},[45,15280,15281],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,15282,118],{"class":59},[45,15284,15285],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,15286,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,15288,15289,15291,15293,15295],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,15290,153],{"class":152},[45,15292,156],{"class":59},[45,15294,1255],{"class":135},[45,15296,161],{"class":59},[20,15298,15299],{},[355,15300,182],{},[36,15302,15304],{"className":38,"code":15303,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15305,15306],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15307,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15309,9495],{"class":59},[45,15311,198],{"class":63},[45,15313,68],{"class":67},[45,15315,198],{"class":63},[45,15317,73],{"class":59},[45,15319,211],{"class":63},[45,15321,79],{"class":67},[45,15323,198],{"class":63},[45,15325,84],{"class":59},[45,15327,211],{"class":63},[45,15329,89],{"class":67},[45,15331,198],{"class":63},[45,15333,73],{"class":59},[45,15335,97],{"class":96},[45,15337,84],{"class":59},[45,15339,211],{"class":63},[45,15341,15272],{"class":67},[45,15343,198],{"class":63},[45,15345,73],{"class":59},[45,15347,4142],{"class":4080},[45,15349,118],{"class":59},[20,15351,15352],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[31,15354,15356],{"id":15355},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[258,15358,15359,15362,15365,15368],{},[261,15360,15361],{},"What a dictionary is",[261,15363,15364],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[261,15366,15367],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[261,15369,15370],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[31,15372,15361],{"id":15373},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15375,9347,15376,132],{},[355,15377,9350],{},[258,15379,15380,15386],{},[261,15381,15382,15383,15385],{},"A ",[355,15384,15034],{}," is the label",[261,15387,15382,15388,15390],{},[355,15389,947],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15392,15393],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[36,15395,15397],{"className":38,"code":15396,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15398,15399,15407,15423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15400,15401,15403,15405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15402,52],{"class":51},[45,15404,56],{"class":55},[45,15406,11695],{"class":59},[45,15408,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15410,11700],{"class":63},[45,15412,68],{"class":67},[45,15414,64],{"class":63},[45,15416,73],{"class":59},[45,15418,76],{"class":63},[45,15420,79],{"class":67},[45,15422,468],{"class":63},[45,15424,15425],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,15426,118],{"class":59},[258,15428,15429,15435],{},[261,15430,15431,15434],{},[15,15432,15433],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[261,15436,15437,15440],{},[15,15438,15439],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15442,15443],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[258,15445,15446,15448,15450,15453],{},[261,15447,68],{},[261,15449,89],{},[261,15451,15452],{},"email",[261,15454,15455],{},"country",[31,15457,15459],{"id":15458},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15461,15462],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15464,1006,15465,15467,15468,132],{},[15,15466,4020],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15469,15470],{},"key: value",[36,15472,15474],{"className":38,"code":15473,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15475,15476,15484,15502,15516,15533,15537,15541],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15477,15478,15480,15482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15479,52],{"class":51},[45,15481,56],{"class":55},[45,15483,11695],{"class":59},[45,15485,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15487,11700],{"class":63},[45,15489,68],{"class":67},[45,15491,64],{"class":63},[45,15493,73],{"class":59},[45,15495,76],{"class":63},[45,15497,79],{"class":67},[45,15499,64],{"class":63},[45,15501,11716],{"class":59},[45,15503,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,15505,11700],{"class":63},[45,15507,89],{"class":67},[45,15509,64],{"class":63},[45,15511,73],{"class":59},[45,15513,97],{"class":96},[45,15515,11716],{"class":59},[45,15517,15518,15520,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,15519,11700],{"class":63},[45,15521,15522],{"class":67},"course",[45,15524,64],{"class":63},[45,15526,73],{"class":59},[45,15528,76],{"class":63},[45,15530,7518],{"class":67},[45,15532,468],{"class":63},[45,15534,15535],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,15536,118],{"class":59},[45,15538,15539],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,15540,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,15542,15543,15545,15547,15549],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,15544,153],{"class":152},[45,15546,156],{"class":59},[45,15548,1255],{"class":135},[45,15550,161],{"class":59},[20,15552,15553],{},[355,15554,182],{},[36,15556,15558],{"className":38,"code":15557,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15559,15560],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15561,15562,15564,15566,15568,15570,15572,15574,15576,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15563,9495],{"class":59},[45,15565,198],{"class":63},[45,15567,68],{"class":67},[45,15569,198],{"class":63},[45,15571,73],{"class":59},[45,15573,211],{"class":63},[45,15575,79],{"class":67},[45,15577,198],{"class":63},[45,15579,84],{"class":59},[45,15581,211],{"class":63},[45,15583,89],{"class":67},[45,15585,198],{"class":63},[45,15587,73],{"class":59},[45,15589,97],{"class":96},[45,15591,84],{"class":59},[45,15593,211],{"class":63},[45,15595,15522],{"class":67},[45,15597,198],{"class":63},[45,15599,73],{"class":59},[45,15601,211],{"class":63},[45,15603,7518],{"class":67},[45,15605,198],{"class":63},[45,15607,118],{"class":59},[1398,15609,15611],{"id":15610},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[258,15613,15614,15619,15624,15627],{},[261,15615,1006,15616,15618],{},[15,15617,4020],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[261,15620,15621,15622],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15623,15470],{},[261,15625,15626],{},"Separate items with commas",[261,15628,15629],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15631,361],{},[36,15633,15635],{"className":38,"code":15634,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15636,15637,15646,15666,15682,15695,15699,15703],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15638,15639,15642,15644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15640,15641],{"class":51},"book ",[45,15643,56],{"class":55},[45,15645,11695],{"class":59},[45,15647,15648,15650,15653,15655,15657,15659,15662,15664],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15649,11700],{"class":63},[45,15651,15652],{"class":67},"title",[45,15654,64],{"class":63},[45,15656,73],{"class":59},[45,15658,76],{"class":63},[45,15660,15661],{"class":67},"Python Basics",[45,15663,64],{"class":63},[45,15665,11716],{"class":59},[45,15667,15668,15670,15673,15675,15677,15680],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,15669,11700],{"class":63},[45,15671,15672],{"class":67},"pages",[45,15674,64],{"class":63},[45,15676,73],{"class":59},[45,15678,15679],{"class":96}," 150",[45,15681,11716],{"class":59},[45,15683,15684,15686,15689,15691,15693],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,15685,11700],{"class":63},[45,15687,15688],{"class":67},"available",[45,15690,64],{"class":63},[45,15692,73],{"class":59},[45,15694,6643],{"class":4080},[45,15696,15697],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,15698,118],{"class":59},[45,15700,15701],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,15702,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,15704,15705,15707,15709,15712],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,15706,153],{"class":152},[45,15708,156],{"class":59},[45,15710,15711],{"class":135},"book",[45,15713,161],{"class":59},[20,15715,15716],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[31,15718,9615],{"id":9614},[20,15720,15721],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15723,15724],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[36,15726,15728],{"className":38,"code":15727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15729,15730,15738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15731,15732,15734,15736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15733,1909],{"class":51},[45,15735,56],{"class":55},[45,15737,10050],{"class":59},[45,15739,15740,15742,15744,15746],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15741,153],{"class":152},[45,15743,156],{"class":59},[45,15745,1947],{"class":135},[45,15747,161],{"class":59},[36,15749,15750],{"className":38,"code":9618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,15751,15752,15762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15753,15754,15756,15758,15760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15755,1909],{"class":51},[45,15757,56],{"class":55},[45,15759,9388],{"class":171},[45,15761,139],{"class":59},[45,15763,15764,15766,15768,15770],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15765,153],{"class":152},[45,15767,156],{"class":59},[45,15769,1947],{"class":135},[45,15771,161],{"class":59},[20,15773,15774],{},[355,15775,182],{},[36,15777,15778],{"className":38,"code":9647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,15779,15780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15781,15782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15783,9647],{"class":59},[20,15785,15786],{},"Both are correct.",[1398,15788,15790],{"id":15789},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15792,15793,15795,15796,15799],{},[15,15794,4020],{}," creates an empty ",[355,15797,15798],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15801,15802,15803,132],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15804,4025],{},[36,15806,15808],{"className":38,"code":15807,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15809,15810,15818,15830,15834,15848],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15811,15812,15814,15816],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15813,11925],{"class":51},[45,15815,56],{"class":55},[45,15817,10050],{"class":59},[45,15819,15820,15823,15825,15828],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15821,15822],{"class":51},"my_set ",[45,15824,56],{"class":55},[45,15826,15827],{"class":171}," set",[45,15829,139],{"class":59},[45,15831,15832],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,15833,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,15835,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15846],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,15837,153],{"class":152},[45,15839,156],{"class":59},[45,15841,1478],{"class":171},[45,15843,156],{"class":59},[45,15845,294],{"class":135},[45,15847,179],{"class":59},[45,15849,15850,15852,15854,15856,15858,15861],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,15851,153],{"class":152},[45,15853,156],{"class":59},[45,15855,1478],{"class":171},[45,15857,156],{"class":59},[45,15859,15860],{"class":135},"my_set",[45,15862,179],{"class":59},[20,15864,15865],{},[355,15866,182],{},[36,15868,15870],{"className":38,"code":15869,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15871,15872,15886],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15873,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15875,1594],{"class":55},[45,15877,1598],{"class":1597},[45,15879,211],{"class":63},[45,15881,9039],{"class":67},[45,15883,198],{"class":63},[45,15885,1607],{"class":55},[45,15887,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15889,1594],{"class":55},[45,15891,1598],{"class":1597},[45,15893,211],{"class":63},[45,15895,6508],{"class":67},[45,15897,198],{"class":63},[45,15899,1607],{"class":55},[31,15901,15903,15904],{"id":15902},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15905,9338],{},[20,15907,15908,15909,15911],{},"You can also use ",[15,15910,9338],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15913,15914],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[36,15916,15918],{"className":38,"code":15917,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15919,15920,15960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15921,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15949,15951,15954,15956,15958],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15923,52],{"class":51},[45,15925,56],{"class":55},[45,15927,9388],{"class":171},[45,15929,156],{"class":59},[45,15931,68],{"class":9393},[45,15933,56],{"class":55},[45,15935,64],{"class":63},[45,15937,79],{"class":67},[45,15939,64],{"class":63},[45,15941,84],{"class":59},[45,15943,9406],{"class":9393},[45,15945,56],{"class":55},[45,15947,15948],{"class":96},"20",[45,15950,84],{"class":59},[45,15952,15953],{"class":9393}," active",[45,15955,56],{"class":55},[45,15957,3831],{"class":4080},[45,15959,161],{"class":59},[45,15961,15962,15964,15966,15968],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,15963,153],{"class":152},[45,15965,156],{"class":59},[45,15967,1255],{"class":135},[45,15969,161],{"class":59},[20,15971,15972],{},[355,15973,182],{},[36,15975,15977],{"className":38,"code":15976,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15978,15979],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,15980,15981,15983,15985,15987,15989,15991,15993,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16016,16018,16020,16022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,15982,9495],{"class":59},[45,15984,198],{"class":63},[45,15986,68],{"class":67},[45,15988,198],{"class":63},[45,15990,73],{"class":59},[45,15992,211],{"class":63},[45,15994,79],{"class":67},[45,15996,198],{"class":63},[45,15998,84],{"class":59},[45,16000,211],{"class":63},[45,16002,89],{"class":67},[45,16004,198],{"class":63},[45,16006,73],{"class":59},[45,16008,97],{"class":96},[45,16010,84],{"class":59},[45,16012,211],{"class":63},[45,16014,16015],{"class":67},"active",[45,16017,198],{"class":63},[45,16019,73],{"class":59},[45,16021,4142],{"class":4080},[45,16023,118],{"class":59},[20,16025,16026],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1398,16028,16030,16031],{"id":16029},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16032,9338],{},[20,16034,16035],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[258,16037,16038,16041],{},[261,16039,16040],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[261,16042,16043],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16045,6909],{},[36,16047,16049],{"className":38,"code":16048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16050,16051,16081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16052,16053,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16054,11690],{"class":51},[45,16056,56],{"class":55},[45,16058,9388],{"class":171},[45,16060,156],{"class":59},[45,16062,68],{"class":9393},[45,16064,56],{"class":55},[45,16066,64],{"class":63},[45,16068,7898],{"class":67},[45,16070,64],{"class":63},[45,16072,84],{"class":59},[45,16074,9406],{"class":9393},[45,16076,56],{"class":55},[45,16078,9411],{"class":96},[45,16080,161],{"class":59},[45,16082,16083,16085,16087,16089],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16084,153],{"class":152},[45,16086,156],{"class":59},[45,16088,11784],{"class":135},[45,16090,161],{"class":59},[20,16092,4851,16093,16095],{},[355,16094,4854],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[36,16097,16099],{"className":38,"code":16098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16100,16101],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16102,16103],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16104,16098],{"class":1712},[20,16106,16107],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16109,16110],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[36,16112,16114],{"className":38,"code":16113,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16115,16116,16124,16140,16144,16148],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16117,16118,16120,16122],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16119,11690],{"class":51},[45,16121,56],{"class":55},[45,16123,11695],{"class":59},[45,16125,16126,16128,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16127,11700],{"class":63},[45,16129,10706],{"class":67},[45,16131,64],{"class":63},[45,16133,73],{"class":59},[45,16135,76],{"class":63},[45,16137,7898],{"class":67},[45,16139,468],{"class":63},[45,16141,16142],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16143,118],{"class":59},[45,16145,16146],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,16147,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16149,16150,16152,16154,16156],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,16151,153],{"class":152},[45,16153,156],{"class":59},[45,16155,11784],{"class":135},[45,16157,161],{"class":59},[31,16159,9657],{"id":9656},[20,16161,16162,16164],{},[15,16163,9338],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16166,16167],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[36,16169,16171],{"className":38,"code":16170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16172,16173,16229,16233,16247,16251],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16174,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16176,9432],{"class":51},[45,16178,56],{"class":55},[45,16180,9437],{"class":59},[45,16182,64],{"class":63},[45,16184,68],{"class":67},[45,16186,64],{"class":63},[45,16188,84],{"class":59},[45,16190,76],{"class":63},[45,16192,79],{"class":67},[45,16194,64],{"class":63},[45,16196,9450],{"class":59},[45,16198,9453],{"class":59},[45,16200,64],{"class":63},[45,16202,89],{"class":67},[45,16204,64],{"class":63},[45,16206,84],{"class":59},[45,16208,97],{"class":96},[45,16210,9450],{"class":59},[45,16212,9453],{"class":59},[45,16214,64],{"class":63},[45,16216,104],{"class":67},[45,16218,64],{"class":63},[45,16220,84],{"class":59},[45,16222,76],{"class":63},[45,16224,113],{"class":67},[45,16226,64],{"class":63},[45,16228,9466],{"class":59},[45,16230,16231],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16232,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16234,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16236,52],{"class":51},[45,16238,56],{"class":55},[45,16240,9388],{"class":171},[45,16242,156],{"class":59},[45,16244,9479],{"class":135},[45,16246,161],{"class":59},[45,16248,16249],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,16250,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16252,16253,16255,16257,16259],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,16254,153],{"class":152},[45,16256,156],{"class":59},[45,16258,1255],{"class":135},[45,16260,161],{"class":59},[20,16262,16263],{},[355,16264,182],{},[36,16266,16268],{"className":38,"code":16267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16269,16270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296,16298,16300,16302,16304,16306,16308,16310,16312,16314,16316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16273,9495],{"class":59},[45,16275,198],{"class":63},[45,16277,68],{"class":67},[45,16279,198],{"class":63},[45,16281,73],{"class":59},[45,16283,211],{"class":63},[45,16285,79],{"class":67},[45,16287,198],{"class":63},[45,16289,84],{"class":59},[45,16291,211],{"class":63},[45,16293,89],{"class":67},[45,16295,198],{"class":63},[45,16297,73],{"class":59},[45,16299,97],{"class":96},[45,16301,84],{"class":59},[45,16303,211],{"class":63},[45,16305,104],{"class":67},[45,16307,198],{"class":63},[45,16309,73],{"class":59},[45,16311,211],{"class":63},[45,16313,113],{"class":67},[45,16315,198],{"class":63},[45,16317,118],{"class":59},[20,16319,16320],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[36,16322,16324],{"className":38,"code":16323,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16325,16326,16367],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16327,16328,16330,16332,16334,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16329,52],{"class":51},[45,16331,56],{"class":55},[45,16333,9388],{"class":171},[45,16335,16336],{"class":59},"(((",[45,16338,64],{"class":63},[45,16340,68],{"class":67},[45,16342,64],{"class":63},[45,16344,84],{"class":59},[45,16346,76],{"class":63},[45,16348,79],{"class":67},[45,16350,64],{"class":63},[45,16352,9450],{"class":59},[45,16354,9453],{"class":59},[45,16356,64],{"class":63},[45,16358,89],{"class":67},[45,16360,64],{"class":63},[45,16362,84],{"class":59},[45,16364,97],{"class":96},[45,16366,3143],{"class":59},[45,16368,16369,16371,16373,16375],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16370,153],{"class":152},[45,16372,156],{"class":59},[45,16374,1255],{"class":135},[45,16376,161],{"class":59},[20,16378,16379],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[31,16381,16383],{"id":16382},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16385,16386],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[258,16388,16389,16392,16395,16398],{},[261,16390,16391],{},"Keys must be unique",[261,16393,16394],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[261,16396,16397],{},"Values can repeat",[261,16399,16400],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1398,16402,16404],{"id":16403},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[36,16406,16408],{"className":38,"code":16407,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16409,16410,16418,16436,16453,16457,16461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16411,16412,16414,16416],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16413,1909],{"class":51},[45,16415,56],{"class":55},[45,16417,11695],{"class":59},[45,16419,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16421,11700],{"class":63},[45,16423,68],{"class":67},[45,16425,64],{"class":63},[45,16427,73],{"class":59},[45,16429,76],{"class":63},[45,16431,79],{"class":67},[45,16433,64],{"class":63},[45,16435,11716],{"class":59},[45,16437,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448,16451],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16439,11700],{"class":63},[45,16441,68],{"class":67},[45,16443,64],{"class":63},[45,16445,73],{"class":59},[45,16447,76],{"class":63},[45,16449,16450],{"class":67},"Maria",[45,16452,468],{"class":63},[45,16454,16455],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,16456,118],{"class":59},[45,16458,16459],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,16460,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16462,16463,16465,16467,16469],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,16464,153],{"class":152},[45,16466,156],{"class":59},[45,16468,1947],{"class":135},[45,16470,161],{"class":59},[20,16472,16473],{},[355,16474,182],{},[36,16476,16478],{"className":38,"code":16477,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16479,16480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16481,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494,16496,16498],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16483,9495],{"class":59},[45,16485,198],{"class":63},[45,16487,68],{"class":67},[45,16489,198],{"class":63},[45,16491,73],{"class":59},[45,16493,211],{"class":63},[45,16495,16450],{"class":67},[45,16497,198],{"class":63},[45,16499,118],{"class":59},[20,16501,16502],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1398,16504,16506],{"id":16505},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[36,16508,16510],{"className":38,"code":16509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16511,16512,16520,16536,16552,16566,16570,16574],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16513,16514,16516,16518],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16515,866],{"class":51},[45,16517,56],{"class":55},[45,16519,11695],{"class":59},[45,16521,16522,16525,16527,16529,16532,16534],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16523,16524],{"class":96},"    1",[45,16526,73],{"class":59},[45,16528,76],{"class":63},[45,16530,16531],{"class":67},"low",[45,16533,64],{"class":63},[45,16535,11716],{"class":59},[45,16537,16538,16541,16543,16545,16548,16550],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16539,16540],{"class":96},"    2",[45,16542,73],{"class":59},[45,16544,76],{"class":63},[45,16546,16547],{"class":67},"medium",[45,16549,64],{"class":63},[45,16551,11716],{"class":59},[45,16553,16554,16557,16559,16561,16564],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,16555,16556],{"class":96},"    3",[45,16558,73],{"class":59},[45,16560,76],{"class":63},[45,16562,16563],{"class":67},"high",[45,16565,468],{"class":63},[45,16567,16568],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,16569,118],{"class":59},[45,16571,16572],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,16573,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16575,16576,16578,16580,16583],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,16577,153],{"class":152},[45,16579,156],{"class":59},[45,16581,16582],{"class":135},"scores",[45,16584,161],{"class":59},[1398,16586,16588],{"id":16587},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16590,16591],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16593,16594],{},"This will cause an error:",[36,16596,16598],{"className":38,"code":16597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16599,16600,16605,16610],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16601,16602],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16603,16604],{"class":1712},"# bad = {\n",[45,16606,16607],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16608,16609],{"class":1712},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[45,16611,16612],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16613,16614],{"class":1712},"# }\n",[20,16616,16617],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[36,16619,16621],{"className":38,"code":16620,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16622,16623,16632,16652,16656,16660],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16624,16625,16628,16630],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16626,16627],{"class":51},"good ",[45,16629,56],{"class":55},[45,16631,11695],{"class":59},[45,16633,16634,16637,16639,16641,16643,16646,16648,16650],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16635,16636],{"class":59},"    (",[45,16638,1430],{"class":96},[45,16640,84],{"class":59},[45,16642,1035],{"class":96},[45,16644,16645],{"class":59},"):",[45,16647,76],{"class":63},[45,16649,3876],{"class":67},[45,16651,468],{"class":63},[45,16653,16654],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16655,118],{"class":59},[45,16657,16658],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,16659,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16661,16662,16664,16666,16669],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,16663,153],{"class":152},[45,16665,156],{"class":59},[45,16667,16668],{"class":135},"good",[45,16670,161],{"class":59},[31,16672,16674],{"id":16673},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16676,16677],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16679,16680],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[258,16682,16683,16686,16688,16691],{},[261,16684,16685],{},"user data",[261,16687,14077],{},[261,16689,16690],{},"counters",[261,16692,16693],{},"lookups",[20,16695,361],{},[36,16697,16699],{"className":38,"code":16698,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16700,16701,16709,16728,16747,16759,16763,16767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16702,16703,16705,16707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16704,11690],{"class":51},[45,16706,56],{"class":55},[45,16708,11695],{"class":59},[45,16710,16711,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16724,16726],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16712,11700],{"class":63},[45,16714,8205],{"class":67},[45,16716,64],{"class":63},[45,16718,73],{"class":59},[45,16720,76],{"class":63},[45,16722,16723],{"class":67},"ana123",[45,16725,64],{"class":63},[45,16727,11716],{"class":59},[45,16729,16730,16732,16734,16736,16738,16740,16743,16745],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,16731,11700],{"class":63},[45,16733,15452],{"class":67},[45,16735,64],{"class":63},[45,16737,73],{"class":59},[45,16739,76],{"class":63},[45,16741,16742],{"class":67},"ana@example.com",[45,16744,64],{"class":63},[45,16746,11716],{"class":59},[45,16748,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,16750,11700],{"class":63},[45,16752,12716],{"class":67},[45,16754,64],{"class":63},[45,16756,73],{"class":59},[45,16758,6643],{"class":4080},[45,16760,16761],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,16762,118],{"class":59},[45,16764,16765],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,16766,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,16768,16769,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,16770,153],{"class":152},[45,16772,156],{"class":59},[45,16774,11784],{"class":135},[45,16776,223],{"class":59},[45,16778,64],{"class":63},[45,16780,15452],{"class":67},[45,16782,64],{"class":63},[45,16784,218],{"class":59},[20,16786,16787,16788,132],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[277,16789,16791],{"href":16790},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16793,16794],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[258,16796,16797,16800,16803],{},[261,16798,16799],{},"labels are not needed",[261,16801,16802],{},"you mostly care about position",[261,16804,16805],{},"order matters more than named fields",[31,16807,3061],{"id":3060},[20,16809,16810],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[258,16812,16813,16816,16819,16822,16825],{},[261,16814,16815],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[261,16817,16818],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[261,16820,16821],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[261,16823,16824],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[261,16826,16827,16828,16830],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16829,4020],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1398,16832,16834],{"id":16833},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16836,1412],{},[36,16838,16840],{"className":38,"code":16839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16841,16842],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16843,16844],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16845,16839],{"class":1712},[20,16847,16848],{},"Correct:",[36,16850,16852],{"className":38,"code":16851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16853,16854,16878],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16855,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874,16876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16857,52],{"class":51},[45,16859,56],{"class":55},[45,16861,60],{"class":59},[45,16863,64],{"class":63},[45,16865,68],{"class":67},[45,16867,64],{"class":63},[45,16869,73],{"class":59},[45,16871,76],{"class":63},[45,16873,79],{"class":67},[45,16875,64],{"class":63},[45,16877,118],{"class":59},[45,16879,16880,16882,16884,16886],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16881,153],{"class":152},[45,16883,156],{"class":59},[45,16885,1255],{"class":135},[45,16887,161],{"class":59},[1398,16889,16891],{"id":16890},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16893,1412],{},[36,16895,16897],{"className":38,"code":16896,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16898,16899],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16900,16901],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16902,16896],{"class":1712},[20,16904,16905,16906,16908,16909,16911],{},"This only works if ",[15,16907,68],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16910,15433],{},", use quotes.",[20,16913,16848],{},[36,16915,16916],{"className":38,"code":16851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,16917,16918,16942],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16919,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16921,52],{"class":51},[45,16923,56],{"class":55},[45,16925,60],{"class":59},[45,16927,64],{"class":63},[45,16929,68],{"class":67},[45,16931,64],{"class":63},[45,16933,73],{"class":59},[45,16935,76],{"class":63},[45,16937,79],{"class":67},[45,16939,64],{"class":63},[45,16941,118],{"class":59},[45,16943,16944,16946,16948,16950],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16945,153],{"class":152},[45,16947,156],{"class":59},[45,16949,1255],{"class":135},[45,16951,161],{"class":59},[1398,16953,16955],{"id":16954},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[36,16957,16959],{"className":38,"code":16958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16960,16961,16993],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,16962,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989,16991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,16964,1909],{"class":51},[45,16966,56],{"class":55},[45,16968,60],{"class":59},[45,16970,64],{"class":63},[45,16972,89],{"class":67},[45,16974,64],{"class":63},[45,16976,73],{"class":59},[45,16978,97],{"class":96},[45,16980,84],{"class":59},[45,16982,76],{"class":63},[45,16984,89],{"class":67},[45,16986,64],{"class":63},[45,16988,73],{"class":59},[45,16990,8016],{"class":96},[45,16992,118],{"class":59},[45,16994,16995,16997,16999,17001],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,16996,153],{"class":152},[45,16998,156],{"class":59},[45,17000,1947],{"class":135},[45,17002,161],{"class":59},[20,17004,17005],{},[355,17006,182],{},[36,17008,17010],{"className":38,"code":17009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17011,17012],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17013,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17015,9495],{"class":59},[45,17017,198],{"class":63},[45,17019,89],{"class":67},[45,17021,198],{"class":63},[45,17023,73],{"class":59},[45,17025,8016],{"class":96},[45,17027,118],{"class":59},[31,17029,17031],{"id":17030},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17033,17034],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[36,17036,17038],{"className":38,"code":17037,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17039,17040,17076,17080,17090,17104,17118,17132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17041,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17043,11925],{"class":51},[45,17045,56],{"class":55},[45,17047,60],{"class":59},[45,17049,64],{"class":63},[45,17051,68],{"class":67},[45,17053,64],{"class":63},[45,17055,73],{"class":59},[45,17057,76],{"class":63},[45,17059,79],{"class":67},[45,17061,64],{"class":63},[45,17063,84],{"class":59},[45,17065,76],{"class":63},[45,17067,89],{"class":67},[45,17069,64],{"class":63},[45,17071,73],{"class":59},[45,17073,97],{"class":96},[45,17075,118],{"class":59},[45,17077,17078],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17079,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,17081,17082,17084,17086,17088],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,17083,153],{"class":152},[45,17085,156],{"class":59},[45,17087,294],{"class":135},[45,17089,161],{"class":59},[45,17091,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,17093,153],{"class":152},[45,17095,156],{"class":59},[45,17097,1478],{"class":171},[45,17099,156],{"class":59},[45,17101,294],{"class":135},[45,17103,179],{"class":59},[45,17105,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,17107,153],{"class":152},[45,17109,156],{"class":59},[45,17111,294],{"class":135},[45,17113,132],{"class":59},[45,17115,1260],{"class":135},[45,17117,598],{"class":59},[45,17119,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,17121,153],{"class":152},[45,17123,156],{"class":59},[45,17125,294],{"class":135},[45,17127,132],{"class":59},[45,17129,136],{"class":135},[45,17131,598],{"class":59},[45,17133,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,17135,153],{"class":152},[45,17137,156],{"class":59},[45,17139,11369],{"class":152},[45,17141,156],{"class":59},[45,17143,294],{"class":135},[45,17145,179],{"class":59},[20,17147,17148],{},[355,17149,17150],{},"Example output:",[36,17152,17154],{"className":38,"code":17153,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17155,17156,17188,17202,17224,17242],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17157,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17159,9495],{"class":59},[45,17161,198],{"class":63},[45,17163,68],{"class":67},[45,17165,198],{"class":63},[45,17167,73],{"class":59},[45,17169,211],{"class":63},[45,17171,79],{"class":67},[45,17173,198],{"class":63},[45,17175,84],{"class":59},[45,17177,211],{"class":63},[45,17179,89],{"class":67},[45,17181,198],{"class":63},[45,17183,73],{"class":59},[45,17185,97],{"class":96},[45,17187,118],{"class":59},[45,17189,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198,17200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17191,1594],{"class":55},[45,17193,1598],{"class":1597},[45,17195,211],{"class":63},[45,17197,9039],{"class":67},[45,17199,198],{"class":63},[45,17201,1607],{"class":55},[45,17203,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,17205,1303],{"class":135},[45,17207,195],{"class":59},[45,17209,198],{"class":63},[45,17211,68],{"class":67},[45,17213,198],{"class":63},[45,17215,84],{"class":59},[45,17217,211],{"class":63},[45,17219,89],{"class":67},[45,17221,198],{"class":63},[45,17223,218],{"class":59},[45,17225,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,17227,192],{"class":135},[45,17229,195],{"class":59},[45,17231,198],{"class":63},[45,17233,79],{"class":67},[45,17235,198],{"class":63},[45,17237,84],{"class":59},[45,17239,97],{"class":96},[45,17241,218],{"class":59},[45,17243,17244],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,17245,1148],{"class":96},[20,17247,17248,17249,2419,17253,17257,17258,132],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[277,17250,991,17251],{"href":324},[15,17252,327],{},[277,17254,991,17255],{"href":1377},[15,17256,17],{},", and ",[277,17259,991,17260],{"href":332},[15,17261,335],{},[31,17263,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,17265,17267],{"id":17266},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17269,1006,17270,995,17272,17274],{},[15,17271,4020],{},[15,17273,9338],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1398,17276,17278],{"id":17277},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17280,17281,17282,132],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17283,17284],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1398,17286,17288],{"id":17287},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17290,17291],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1398,17293,17295],{"id":17294},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17297,17298],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1398,17300,5400,17302,329,17304,2079],{"id":17301},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17303,4020],{},[15,17305,9338],{},[20,17307,17308,17310,17311,17313],{},[15,17309,4020],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17312,9338],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[31,17315,2114],{"id":2113},[258,17317,17318,17322,17328,17332,17338],{},[261,17319,17320],{},[277,17321,9374],{"href":9373},[261,17323,17324],{},[277,17325,991,17326,994],{"href":10945},[15,17327,10948],{},[261,17329,17330],{},[277,17331,11458],{"href":10940},[261,17333,17334],{},[277,17335,17337],{"href":17336},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[261,17339,17340],{},[277,17341,11469],{"href":11282},[20,17343,17344],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2154,17346,17347],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":17349},[17350,17351,17352,17353,17356,17359,17364,17365,17370,17371,17376,17377,17385],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":15373,"depth":121,"text":15361},{"id":15458,"depth":121,"text":15459,"children":17354},[17355],{"id":15610,"depth":142,"text":15611},{"id":9614,"depth":121,"text":9615,"children":17357},[17358],{"id":15789,"depth":142,"text":15790},{"id":15902,"depth":121,"text":17360,"children":17361},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17362],{"id":16029,"depth":142,"text":17363},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9656,"depth":121,"text":9657},{"id":16382,"depth":121,"text":16383,"children":17366},[17367,17368,17369],{"id":16403,"depth":142,"text":16404},{"id":16505,"depth":142,"text":16506},{"id":16587,"depth":142,"text":16588},{"id":16673,"depth":121,"text":16674},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":17372},[17373,17374,17375],{"id":16833,"depth":142,"text":16834},{"id":16890,"depth":142,"text":16891},{"id":16954,"depth":142,"text":16955},{"id":17030,"depth":121,"text":17031},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":17378},[17379,17380,17381,17382,17383],{"id":17266,"depth":142,"text":17267},{"id":17277,"depth":142,"text":17278},{"id":17287,"depth":142,"text":17288},{"id":17294,"depth":142,"text":17295},{"id":17301,"depth":142,"text":17384},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15198,"description":17386},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17392,"title":17393,"body":17394,"description":19839,"extension":2195,"meta":19840,"navigation":145,"path":19841,"seo":19842,"stem":19843,"__hash__":19844},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17395,"toc":19795},[17396,17402,17408,17411,17414,17416,17497,17503,17508,17512,17530,17542,17547,17551,17574,17578,17590,17598,17602,17607,17609,17612,17687,17689,17734,17736,17753,17758,17764,17769,17843,17845,17890,17892,17903,17905,18024,18026,18079,18086,18090,18093,18110,18116,18120,18218,18220,18272,18279,18283,18289,18292,18295,18322,18327,18331,18334,18438,18440,18485,18488,18491,18496,18501,18512,18514,18575,18633,18639,18647,18653,18658,18663,18723,18727,18794,18797,18801,18872,18874,18887,18894,18896,18900,18904,18975,18977,19014,19017,19020,19083,19090,19093,19135,19145,19148,19217,19223,19228,19312,19314,19363,19370,19376,19421,19423,19456,19461,19465,19471,19510,19554,19622,19665,19667,19673,19676,19680,19685,19689,19692,19696,19698,19759,19761,19787,19792],[10,17397,13,17399,18],{"id":17398},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17400,17401],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17403,17404,17407],{},[15,17405,17406],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17409,17410],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17412,17413],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[31,17415,34],{"id":33},[36,17417,17419],{"className":38,"code":17418,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17420,17421,17454,17482,17492],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17422,17423,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17424,17425],{"class":51},"keys ",[45,17427,56],{"class":55},[45,17429,1427],{"class":59},[45,17431,64],{"class":63},[45,17433,68],{"class":67},[45,17435,64],{"class":63},[45,17437,84],{"class":59},[45,17439,76],{"class":63},[45,17441,89],{"class":67},[45,17443,64],{"class":63},[45,17445,84],{"class":59},[45,17447,76],{"class":63},[45,17449,104],{"class":67},[45,17451,64],{"class":63},[45,17453,244],{"class":59},[45,17455,17456,17458,17460,17462,17464,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17478,17480],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17457,371],{"class":51},[45,17459,56],{"class":55},[45,17461,9388],{"class":171},[45,17463,132],{"class":59},[45,17465,17466],{"class":135},"fromkeys",[45,17468,156],{"class":59},[45,17470,1260],{"class":135},[45,17472,84],{"class":59},[45,17474,76],{"class":63},[45,17476,17477],{"class":67},"unknown",[45,17479,64],{"class":63},[45,17481,161],{"class":59},[45,17483,17484,17486,17488,17490],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,17485,153],{"class":152},[45,17487,156],{"class":59},[45,17489,446],{"class":135},[45,17491,161],{"class":59},[45,17493,17494],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,17495,17496],{"class":1712},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17498,1006,17499,17502],{},[15,17500,17501],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[31,17504,253,17506,256],{"id":17505},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17507,17406],{},[20,17509,17510,73],{},[15,17511,17406],{},[258,17513,17514,17517,17520,17523],{},[261,17515,17516],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[261,17518,17519],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[261,17521,17522],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[261,17524,17525,17526,17529],{},"Is called as ",[15,17527,17528],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17531,17532,17533,17535,17536,17538,17539,132],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17534,9039],{},", so you write ",[15,17537,17528],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17540,17541],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17543,17544,17545,132],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[277,17546,9374],{"href":13222},[31,17548,17550],{"id":17549},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[36,17552,17554],{"className":38,"code":17553,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17555,17556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17557,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17559,9039],{"class":171},[45,17561,132],{"class":59},[45,17563,17466],{"class":135},[45,17565,156],{"class":59},[45,17567,3948],{"class":135},[45,17569,84],{"class":59},[45,17571,8650],{"class":135},[45,17573,161],{"class":59},[1398,17575,17577],{"id":17576},"parameters","Parameters",[258,17579,17580,17585],{},[261,17581,17582,17584],{},[15,17583,3948],{},": the keys to use",[261,17586,17587,17589],{},[15,17588,947],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17591,17592,17593,17595,17596,132],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17594,947],{},", each key gets ",[15,17597,4006],{},[1398,17599,17601],{"id":17600},"return-value","Return value",[20,17603,2055,17604,132],{},[355,17605,17606],{},"new dictionary",[31,17608,6008],{"id":6007},[20,17610,17611],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[36,17613,17615],{"className":38,"code":17614,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17616,17617,17650,17672,17676],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17618,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17620,17425],{"class":51},[45,17622,56],{"class":55},[45,17624,1427],{"class":59},[45,17626,64],{"class":63},[45,17628,13291],{"class":67},[45,17630,64],{"class":63},[45,17632,84],{"class":59},[45,17634,76],{"class":63},[45,17636,17637],{"class":67},"green",[45,17639,64],{"class":63},[45,17641,84],{"class":59},[45,17643,76],{"class":63},[45,17645,703],{"class":67},[45,17647,64],{"class":63},[45,17649,244],{"class":59},[45,17651,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17653,13274],{"class":51},[45,17655,56],{"class":55},[45,17657,9388],{"class":171},[45,17659,132],{"class":59},[45,17661,17466],{"class":135},[45,17663,156],{"class":59},[45,17665,1260],{"class":135},[45,17667,84],{"class":59},[45,17669,4061],{"class":96},[45,17671,161],{"class":59},[45,17673,17674],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,17675,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,17677,17678,17680,17682,17685],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,17679,153],{"class":152},[45,17681,156],{"class":59},[45,17683,17684],{"class":135},"colors",[45,17686,161],{"class":59},[20,17688,182],{},[36,17690,17692],{"className":38,"code":17691,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17693,17694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17695,17696,17698,17700,17702,17704,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17697,9495],{"class":59},[45,17699,198],{"class":63},[45,17701,13291],{"class":67},[45,17703,198],{"class":63},[45,17705,73],{"class":59},[45,17707,4061],{"class":96},[45,17709,84],{"class":59},[45,17711,211],{"class":63},[45,17713,17637],{"class":67},[45,17715,198],{"class":63},[45,17717,73],{"class":59},[45,17719,4061],{"class":96},[45,17721,84],{"class":59},[45,17723,211],{"class":63},[45,17725,703],{"class":67},[45,17727,198],{"class":63},[45,17729,73],{"class":59},[45,17731,4061],{"class":96},[45,17733,118],{"class":59},[20,17735,816],{},[258,17737,17738,17743,17748],{},[261,17739,17740,17742],{},[15,17741,1260],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[261,17744,17745,17747],{},[15,17746,1117],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[261,17749,17750,17752],{},[15,17751,17406],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17754,17755,17756,132],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[277,17757,280],{"href":13225},[31,17759,1797,17761,17763],{"id":17760},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17762,17401],{}," without a value",[20,17765,17766,17767,132],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17768,4006],{},[36,17770,17772],{"className":38,"code":17771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17773,17774,17808,17828,17832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17775,17776,17779,17781,17783,17785,17787,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17801,17804,17806],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17777,17778],{"class":51},"fields ",[45,17780,56],{"class":55},[45,17782,1427],{"class":59},[45,17784,64],{"class":63},[45,17786,8205],{"class":67},[45,17788,64],{"class":63},[45,17790,84],{"class":59},[45,17792,76],{"class":63},[45,17794,15452],{"class":67},[45,17796,64],{"class":63},[45,17798,84],{"class":59},[45,17800,76],{"class":63},[45,17802,17803],{"class":67},"password",[45,17805,64],{"class":63},[45,17807,244],{"class":59},[45,17809,17810,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17826],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17811,17812],{"class":51},"user_data ",[45,17814,56],{"class":55},[45,17816,9388],{"class":171},[45,17818,132],{"class":59},[45,17820,17466],{"class":135},[45,17822,156],{"class":59},[45,17824,17825],{"class":135},"fields",[45,17827,161],{"class":59},[45,17829,17830],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,17831,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,17833,17834,17836,17838,17841],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,17835,153],{"class":152},[45,17837,156],{"class":59},[45,17839,17840],{"class":135},"user_data",[45,17842,161],{"class":59},[20,17844,182],{},[36,17846,17848],{"className":38,"code":17847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17849,17850],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17851,17852,17854,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17853,9495],{"class":59},[45,17855,198],{"class":63},[45,17857,8205],{"class":67},[45,17859,198],{"class":63},[45,17861,73],{"class":59},[45,17863,4081],{"class":4080},[45,17865,84],{"class":59},[45,17867,211],{"class":63},[45,17869,15452],{"class":67},[45,17871,198],{"class":63},[45,17873,73],{"class":59},[45,17875,4081],{"class":4080},[45,17877,84],{"class":59},[45,17879,211],{"class":63},[45,17881,17803],{"class":67},[45,17883,198],{"class":63},[45,17885,73],{"class":59},[45,17887,4081],{"class":4080},[45,17889,118],{"class":59},[20,17891,974],{},[258,17893,17894,17897,17900],{},[261,17895,17896],{},"You want to create the keys first",[261,17898,17899],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[261,17901,17902],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17904,361],{},[36,17906,17908],{"className":38,"code":17907,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17909,17910,17942,17960,17964,17987,18010,18014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,17911,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,17913,17778],{"class":51},[45,17915,56],{"class":55},[45,17917,1427],{"class":59},[45,17919,64],{"class":63},[45,17921,8205],{"class":67},[45,17923,64],{"class":63},[45,17925,84],{"class":59},[45,17927,76],{"class":63},[45,17929,15452],{"class":67},[45,17931,64],{"class":63},[45,17933,84],{"class":59},[45,17935,76],{"class":63},[45,17937,17803],{"class":67},[45,17939,64],{"class":63},[45,17941,244],{"class":59},[45,17943,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,17945,17812],{"class":51},[45,17947,56],{"class":55},[45,17949,9388],{"class":171},[45,17951,132],{"class":59},[45,17953,17466],{"class":135},[45,17955,156],{"class":59},[45,17957,17825],{"class":135},[45,17959,161],{"class":59},[45,17961,17962],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,17963,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,17965,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17985],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,17967,17840],{"class":51},[45,17969,223],{"class":59},[45,17971,64],{"class":63},[45,17973,8205],{"class":67},[45,17975,64],{"class":63},[45,17977,457],{"class":59},[45,17979,460],{"class":55},[45,17981,76],{"class":63},[45,17983,17984],{"class":67},"alice",[45,17986,468],{"class":63},[45,17988,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18008],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,17990,17840],{"class":51},[45,17992,223],{"class":59},[45,17994,64],{"class":63},[45,17996,15452],{"class":67},[45,17998,64],{"class":63},[45,18000,457],{"class":59},[45,18002,460],{"class":55},[45,18004,76],{"class":63},[45,18006,18007],{"class":67},"alice@example.com",[45,18009,468],{"class":63},[45,18011,18012],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,18013,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,18015,18016,18018,18020,18022],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,18017,153],{"class":152},[45,18019,156],{"class":59},[45,18021,17840],{"class":135},[45,18023,161],{"class":59},[20,18025,182],{},[36,18027,18029],{"className":38,"code":18028,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18030,18031],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18032,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063,18065,18067,18069,18071,18073,18075,18077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18034,9495],{"class":59},[45,18036,198],{"class":63},[45,18038,8205],{"class":67},[45,18040,198],{"class":63},[45,18042,73],{"class":59},[45,18044,211],{"class":63},[45,18046,17984],{"class":67},[45,18048,198],{"class":63},[45,18050,84],{"class":59},[45,18052,211],{"class":63},[45,18054,15452],{"class":67},[45,18056,198],{"class":63},[45,18058,73],{"class":59},[45,18060,211],{"class":63},[45,18062,18007],{"class":67},[45,18064,198],{"class":63},[45,18066,84],{"class":59},[45,18068,211],{"class":63},[45,18070,17803],{"class":67},[45,18072,198],{"class":63},[45,18074,73],{"class":59},[45,18076,4081],{"class":4080},[45,18078,118],{"class":59},[20,18080,18081,18082,132],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[277,18083,18085],{"href":18084},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[31,18087,18089],{"id":18088},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18091,18092],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[258,18094,18095,18100,18105],{},[261,18096,18097,18099],{},[15,18098,4015],{}," (list)",[261,18101,18102,18104],{},[15,18103,4020],{}," (dictionary)",[261,18106,18107,18109],{},[15,18108,4025],{}," (set)",[20,18111,18112,18113,132],{},"All keys will point to the ",[355,18114,18115],{},"same object",[1398,18117,18119],{"id":18118},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[36,18121,18123],{"className":38,"code":18122,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18124,18125,18157,18178,18182,18204,18208],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18126,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18128,17425],{"class":51},[45,18130,56],{"class":55},[45,18132,1427],{"class":59},[45,18134,64],{"class":63},[45,18136,277],{"class":67},[45,18138,64],{"class":63},[45,18140,84],{"class":59},[45,18142,76],{"class":63},[45,18144,1930],{"class":67},[45,18146,64],{"class":63},[45,18148,84],{"class":59},[45,18150,76],{"class":63},[45,18152,9951],{"class":67},[45,18154,64],{"class":63},[45,18156,244],{"class":59},[45,18158,18159,18161,18163,18165,18167,18169,18171,18173,18175],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18160,1909],{"class":51},[45,18162,56],{"class":55},[45,18164,9388],{"class":171},[45,18166,132],{"class":59},[45,18168,17466],{"class":135},[45,18170,156],{"class":59},[45,18172,1260],{"class":135},[45,18174,84],{"class":59},[45,18176,18177],{"class":59}," [])\n",[45,18179,18180],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,18181,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,18183,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18202],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,18185,1947],{"class":51},[45,18187,223],{"class":59},[45,18189,64],{"class":63},[45,18191,277],{"class":67},[45,18193,64],{"class":63},[45,18195,13743],{"class":59},[45,18197,13746],{"class":135},[45,18199,156],{"class":59},[45,18201,1430],{"class":96},[45,18203,161],{"class":59},[45,18205,18206],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,18207,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,18209,18210,18212,18214,18216],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,18211,153],{"class":152},[45,18213,156],{"class":59},[45,18215,1947],{"class":135},[45,18217,161],{"class":59},[20,18219,182],{},[36,18221,18223],{"className":38,"code":18222,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18224,18225],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18226,18227,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18228,9495],{"class":59},[45,18230,198],{"class":63},[45,18232,277],{"class":67},[45,18234,198],{"class":63},[45,18236,73],{"class":59},[45,18238,1427],{"class":59},[45,18240,1430],{"class":96},[45,18242,18243],{"class":59},"],",[45,18245,211],{"class":63},[45,18247,1930],{"class":67},[45,18249,198],{"class":63},[45,18251,73],{"class":59},[45,18253,1427],{"class":59},[45,18255,1430],{"class":96},[45,18257,18243],{"class":59},[45,18259,211],{"class":63},[45,18261,9951],{"class":67},[45,18263,198],{"class":63},[45,18265,73],{"class":59},[45,18267,1427],{"class":59},[45,18269,1430],{"class":96},[45,18271,13898],{"class":59},[20,18273,18274,18275,18278],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18276,18277],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1398,18280,18282],{"id":18281},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18284,18285,18288],{},[15,18286,18287],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18290,18291],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18293,18294],{},"So this:",[36,18296,18298],{"className":38,"code":18297,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18299,18300],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18301,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18303,1947],{"class":51},[45,18305,223],{"class":59},[45,18307,64],{"class":63},[45,18309,277],{"class":67},[45,18311,64],{"class":63},[45,18313,13743],{"class":59},[45,18315,13746],{"class":135},[45,18317,156],{"class":59},[45,18319,1430],{"class":96},[45,18321,161],{"class":59},[20,18323,18324,18325,132],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18326,18277],{},[1398,18328,18330],{"id":18329},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18332,18333],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[36,18335,18337],{"className":38,"code":18336,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18338,18339,18371,18398,18402,18424,18428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18340,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18342,17425],{"class":51},[45,18344,56],{"class":55},[45,18346,1427],{"class":59},[45,18348,64],{"class":63},[45,18350,277],{"class":67},[45,18352,64],{"class":63},[45,18354,84],{"class":59},[45,18356,76],{"class":63},[45,18358,1930],{"class":67},[45,18360,64],{"class":63},[45,18362,84],{"class":59},[45,18364,76],{"class":63},[45,18366,9951],{"class":67},[45,18368,64],{"class":63},[45,18370,244],{"class":59},[45,18372,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18386,18388,18391,18393,18396],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18374,1909],{"class":51},[45,18376,56],{"class":55},[45,18378,60],{"class":59},[45,18380,15034],{"class":51},[45,18382,73],{"class":59},[45,18384,18385],{"class":59}," []",[45,18387,4105],{"class":921},[45,18389,18390],{"class":51}," key ",[45,18392,927],{"class":921},[45,18394,18395],{"class":51}," keys",[45,18397,118],{"class":59},[45,18399,18400],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,18401,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,18403,18404,18406,18408,18410,18412,18414,18416,18418,18420,18422],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,18405,1947],{"class":51},[45,18407,223],{"class":59},[45,18409,64],{"class":63},[45,18411,277],{"class":67},[45,18413,64],{"class":63},[45,18415,13743],{"class":59},[45,18417,13746],{"class":135},[45,18419,156],{"class":59},[45,18421,1430],{"class":96},[45,18423,161],{"class":59},[45,18425,18426],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,18427,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,18429,18430,18432,18434,18436],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,18431,153],{"class":152},[45,18433,156],{"class":59},[45,18435,1947],{"class":135},[45,18437,161],{"class":59},[20,18439,182],{},[36,18441,18443],{"className":38,"code":18442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18444,18445],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18446,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18448,9495],{"class":59},[45,18450,198],{"class":63},[45,18452,277],{"class":67},[45,18454,198],{"class":63},[45,18456,73],{"class":59},[45,18458,1427],{"class":59},[45,18460,1430],{"class":96},[45,18462,18243],{"class":59},[45,18464,211],{"class":63},[45,18466,1930],{"class":67},[45,18468,198],{"class":63},[45,18470,73],{"class":59},[45,18472,18473],{"class":59}," [],",[45,18475,211],{"class":63},[45,18477,9951],{"class":67},[45,18479,198],{"class":63},[45,18481,73],{"class":59},[45,18483,18484],{"class":59}," []}\n",[20,18486,18487],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18489,18490],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[31,18492,5185,18494],{"id":18493},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18495,17401],{},[20,18497,18498,18500],{},[15,18499,17406],{}," is a good choice when:",[258,18502,18503,18506,18509],{},[261,18504,18505],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[261,18507,18508],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[261,18510,18511],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18513,1201],{},[36,18515,18517],{"className":38,"code":18516,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18518,18519,18564],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18520,18521,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18556,18558,18560,18562],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18522,18523],{"class":51},"flags ",[45,18525,56],{"class":55},[45,18527,9388],{"class":171},[45,18529,132],{"class":59},[45,18531,17466],{"class":135},[45,18533,195],{"class":59},[45,18535,64],{"class":63},[45,18537,18538],{"class":67},"is_admin",[45,18540,64],{"class":63},[45,18542,84],{"class":59},[45,18544,76],{"class":63},[45,18546,15272],{"class":67},[45,18548,64],{"class":63},[45,18550,84],{"class":59},[45,18552,76],{"class":63},[45,18554,18555],{"class":67},"is_verified",[45,18557,64],{"class":63},[45,18559,18243],{"class":59},[45,18561,4133],{"class":4080},[45,18563,161],{"class":59},[45,18565,18566,18568,18570,18573],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18567,153],{"class":152},[45,18569,156],{"class":59},[45,18571,18572],{"class":135},"flags",[45,18574,161],{"class":59},[36,18576,18578],{"className":38,"code":18577,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18579,18580,18623],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18581,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18615,18617,18619,18621],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18583,866],{"class":51},[45,18585,56],{"class":55},[45,18587,9388],{"class":171},[45,18589,132],{"class":59},[45,18591,17466],{"class":135},[45,18593,195],{"class":59},[45,18595,64],{"class":63},[45,18597,875],{"class":67},[45,18599,64],{"class":63},[45,18601,84],{"class":59},[45,18603,76],{"class":63},[45,18605,903],{"class":67},[45,18607,64],{"class":63},[45,18609,84],{"class":59},[45,18611,76],{"class":63},[45,18613,18614],{"class":67},"history",[45,18616,64],{"class":63},[45,18618,18243],{"class":59},[45,18620,4061],{"class":96},[45,18622,161],{"class":59},[45,18624,18625,18627,18629,18631],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18626,153],{"class":152},[45,18628,156],{"class":59},[45,18630,16582],{"class":135},[45,18632,161],{"class":59},[20,18634,18635,18636,18638],{},"It is ",[355,18637,4854],{}," the best choice when:",[258,18640,18641,18644],{},[261,18642,18643],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[261,18645,18646],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[31,18648,18650,18652],{"id":18649},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18651,17401],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18654,18655,18657],{},[15,18656,17401],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1398,18659,1797,18661],{"id":18660},"using-fromkeys",[15,18662,17401],{},[36,18664,18666],{"className":38,"code":18665,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18667,18668,18713],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18669,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18687,18689,18691,18693,18696,18698,18700,18702,18705,18707,18709,18711],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18671,14018],{"class":51},[45,18673,56],{"class":55},[45,18675,9388],{"class":171},[45,18677,132],{"class":59},[45,18679,17466],{"class":135},[45,18681,195],{"class":59},[45,18683,64],{"class":63},[45,18685,18686],{"class":67},"sound",[45,18688,64],{"class":63},[45,18690,84],{"class":59},[45,18692,76],{"class":63},[45,18694,18695],{"class":67},"music",[45,18697,64],{"class":63},[45,18699,84],{"class":59},[45,18701,76],{"class":63},[45,18703,18704],{"class":67},"notifications",[45,18706,64],{"class":63},[45,18708,18243],{"class":59},[45,18710,4142],{"class":4080},[45,18712,161],{"class":59},[45,18714,18715,18717,18719,18721],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18716,153],{"class":152},[45,18718,156],{"class":59},[45,18720,14077],{"class":135},[45,18722,161],{"class":59},[1398,18724,18726],{"id":18725},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[36,18728,18730],{"className":38,"code":18729,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18731,18732,18740,18754,18768,18780,18784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18733,18734,18736,18738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18735,14018],{"class":51},[45,18737,56],{"class":55},[45,18739,11695],{"class":59},[45,18741,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18743,11700],{"class":63},[45,18745,18686],{"class":67},[45,18747,64],{"class":63},[45,18749,73],{"class":59},[45,18751,4142],{"class":4080},[45,18753,11716],{"class":59},[45,18755,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,18757,11700],{"class":63},[45,18759,18695],{"class":67},[45,18761,64],{"class":63},[45,18763,73],{"class":59},[45,18765,4133],{"class":4080},[45,18767,11716],{"class":59},[45,18769,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,18771,11700],{"class":63},[45,18773,18704],{"class":67},[45,18775,64],{"class":63},[45,18777,73],{"class":59},[45,18779,6643],{"class":4080},[45,18781,18782],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,18783,118],{"class":59},[45,18785,18786,18788,18790,18792],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,18787,153],{"class":152},[45,18789,156],{"class":59},[45,18791,14077],{"class":135},[45,18793,161],{"class":59},[20,18795,18796],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1398,18798,18800],{"id":18799},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[36,18802,18804],{"className":38,"code":18803,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18805,18806,18838,18862],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18807,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18809,17425],{"class":51},[45,18811,56],{"class":55},[45,18813,1427],{"class":59},[45,18815,64],{"class":63},[45,18817,277],{"class":67},[45,18819,64],{"class":63},[45,18821,84],{"class":59},[45,18823,76],{"class":63},[45,18825,1930],{"class":67},[45,18827,64],{"class":63},[45,18829,84],{"class":59},[45,18831,76],{"class":63},[45,18833,9951],{"class":67},[45,18835,64],{"class":63},[45,18837,244],{"class":59},[45,18839,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18841,1909],{"class":51},[45,18843,56],{"class":55},[45,18845,60],{"class":59},[45,18847,15034],{"class":51},[45,18849,73],{"class":59},[45,18851,18385],{"class":59},[45,18853,4105],{"class":921},[45,18855,18390],{"class":51},[45,18857,927],{"class":921},[45,18859,18395],{"class":51},[45,18861,118],{"class":59},[45,18863,18864,18866,18868,18870],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,18865,153],{"class":152},[45,18867,156],{"class":59},[45,18869,1947],{"class":135},[45,18871,161],{"class":59},[20,18873,1363],{},[258,18875,18876,18881,18884],{},[261,18877,18878,18880],{},[15,18879,17401],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[261,18882,18883],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[261,18885,18886],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18888,18889,18890,132],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[277,18891,991,18892,994],{"href":14225},[15,18893,15147],{},[31,18895,3061],{"id":3060},[20,18897,14926,18898,132],{},[15,18899,17406],{},[1398,18901,18903],{"id":18902},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[36,18905,18907],{"className":38,"code":18906,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18908,18909,18942,18965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18910,18911,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18912,18913],{"class":51},"d ",[45,18915,56],{"class":55},[45,18917,9388],{"class":171},[45,18919,132],{"class":59},[45,18921,17466],{"class":135},[45,18923,195],{"class":59},[45,18925,64],{"class":63},[45,18927,277],{"class":67},[45,18929,64],{"class":63},[45,18931,84],{"class":59},[45,18933,76],{"class":63},[45,18935,1930],{"class":67},[45,18937,64],{"class":63},[45,18939,18243],{"class":59},[45,18941,18177],{"class":59},[45,18943,18944,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,18945,18946],{"class":51},"d",[45,18948,223],{"class":59},[45,18950,64],{"class":63},[45,18952,277],{"class":67},[45,18954,64],{"class":63},[45,18956,13743],{"class":59},[45,18958,13746],{"class":135},[45,18960,156],{"class":59},[45,18962,1430],{"class":96},[45,18964,161],{"class":59},[45,18966,18967,18969,18971,18973],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,18968,153],{"class":152},[45,18970,156],{"class":59},[45,18972,18946],{"class":135},[45,18974,161],{"class":59},[20,18976,182],{},[36,18978,18980],{"className":38,"code":18979,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18981,18982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,18983,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,18985,9495],{"class":59},[45,18987,198],{"class":63},[45,18989,277],{"class":67},[45,18991,198],{"class":63},[45,18993,73],{"class":59},[45,18995,1427],{"class":59},[45,18997,1430],{"class":96},[45,18999,18243],{"class":59},[45,19001,211],{"class":63},[45,19003,1930],{"class":67},[45,19005,198],{"class":63},[45,19007,73],{"class":59},[45,19009,1427],{"class":59},[45,19011,1430],{"class":96},[45,19013,13898],{"class":59},[20,19015,19016],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19018,19019],{},"Use this instead:",[36,19021,19023],{"className":38,"code":19022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19024,19025,19049,19073],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19026,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19028,17425],{"class":51},[45,19030,56],{"class":55},[45,19032,1427],{"class":59},[45,19034,64],{"class":63},[45,19036,277],{"class":67},[45,19038,64],{"class":63},[45,19040,84],{"class":59},[45,19042,76],{"class":63},[45,19044,1930],{"class":67},[45,19046,64],{"class":63},[45,19048,244],{"class":59},[45,19050,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19052,18913],{"class":51},[45,19054,56],{"class":55},[45,19056,60],{"class":59},[45,19058,15034],{"class":51},[45,19060,73],{"class":59},[45,19062,18385],{"class":59},[45,19064,4105],{"class":921},[45,19066,18390],{"class":51},[45,19068,927],{"class":921},[45,19070,18395],{"class":51},[45,19072,118],{"class":59},[45,19074,19075,19077,19079,19081],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,19076,153],{"class":152},[45,19078,156],{"class":59},[45,19080,18946],{"class":135},[45,19082,161],{"class":59},[1398,19084,19086,19087,19089],{"id":19085},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19088,17401],{}," on a list",[20,19091,19092],{},"Wrong idea:",[36,19094,19096],{"className":38,"code":19095,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19097,19098,19130],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19099,19100,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19101,17425],{"class":51},[45,19103,56],{"class":55},[45,19105,1427],{"class":59},[45,19107,64],{"class":63},[45,19109,277],{"class":67},[45,19111,64],{"class":63},[45,19113,84],{"class":59},[45,19115,76],{"class":63},[45,19117,1930],{"class":67},[45,19119,64],{"class":63},[45,19121,84],{"class":59},[45,19123,76],{"class":63},[45,19125,9951],{"class":67},[45,19127,64],{"class":63},[45,19129,244],{"class":59},[45,19131,19132],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19133,19134],{"class":1712},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19136,19137,19139,19140,19142,19143,132],{},[15,19138,17401],{}," belongs to ",[15,19141,9039],{},", not ",[15,19144,172],{},[20,19146,19147],{},"Correct usage:",[36,19149,19151],{"className":38,"code":19150,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19152,19153,19185,19207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19154,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19156,17425],{"class":51},[45,19158,56],{"class":55},[45,19160,1427],{"class":59},[45,19162,64],{"class":63},[45,19164,277],{"class":67},[45,19166,64],{"class":63},[45,19168,84],{"class":59},[45,19170,76],{"class":63},[45,19172,1930],{"class":67},[45,19174,64],{"class":63},[45,19176,84],{"class":59},[45,19178,76],{"class":63},[45,19180,9951],{"class":67},[45,19182,64],{"class":63},[45,19184,244],{"class":59},[45,19186,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197,19199,19201,19203,19205],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19188,18913],{"class":51},[45,19190,56],{"class":55},[45,19192,9388],{"class":171},[45,19194,132],{"class":59},[45,19196,17466],{"class":135},[45,19198,156],{"class":59},[45,19200,1260],{"class":135},[45,19202,84],{"class":59},[45,19204,4061],{"class":96},[45,19206,161],{"class":59},[45,19208,19209,19211,19213,19215],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,19210,153],{"class":152},[45,19212,156],{"class":59},[45,19214,18946],{"class":135},[45,19216,161],{"class":59},[1398,19218,8670,19220,19222],{"id":19219},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19221,17401],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19224,19225,19227],{},[15,19226,17406],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[36,19229,19231],{"className":38,"code":19230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19232,19233,19253,19287,19291,19301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19234,19235,19237,19239,19241,19243,19245,19247,19249,19251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19236,12287],{"class":51},[45,19238,56],{"class":55},[45,19240,60],{"class":59},[45,19242,64],{"class":63},[45,19244,2403],{"class":67},[45,19246,64],{"class":63},[45,19248,73],{"class":59},[45,19250,1049],{"class":96},[45,19252,118],{"class":59},[45,19254,19255,19257,19259,19261,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283,19285],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19256,13237],{"class":51},[45,19258,56],{"class":55},[45,19260,9388],{"class":171},[45,19262,132],{"class":59},[45,19264,17466],{"class":135},[45,19266,195],{"class":59},[45,19268,64],{"class":63},[45,19270,277],{"class":67},[45,19272,64],{"class":63},[45,19274,84],{"class":59},[45,19276,76],{"class":63},[45,19278,1930],{"class":67},[45,19280,64],{"class":63},[45,19282,18243],{"class":59},[45,19284,4061],{"class":96},[45,19286,161],{"class":59},[45,19288,19289],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,19290,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,19292,19293,19295,19297,19299],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,19294,153],{"class":152},[45,19296,156],{"class":59},[45,19298,12334],{"class":135},[45,19300,161],{"class":59},[45,19302,19303,19305,19307,19310],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,19304,153],{"class":152},[45,19306,156],{"class":59},[45,19308,19309],{"class":135},"new_dict",[45,19311,161],{"class":59},[20,19313,182],{},[36,19315,19317],{"className":38,"code":19316,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19318,19319,19335],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19320,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19322,9495],{"class":59},[45,19324,198],{"class":63},[45,19326,2403],{"class":67},[45,19328,198],{"class":63},[45,19330,73],{"class":59},[45,19332,1049],{"class":96},[45,19334,118],{"class":59},[45,19336,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19338,9495],{"class":59},[45,19340,198],{"class":63},[45,19342,277],{"class":67},[45,19344,198],{"class":63},[45,19346,73],{"class":59},[45,19348,4061],{"class":96},[45,19350,84],{"class":59},[45,19352,211],{"class":63},[45,19354,1930],{"class":67},[45,19356,198],{"class":63},[45,19358,73],{"class":59},[45,19360,4061],{"class":96},[45,19362,118],{"class":59},[20,19364,19365,19366,132],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[277,19367,991,19368,994],{"href":14225},[15,19369,15147],{},[1398,19371,19373,19374],{"id":19372},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19375,4006],{},[36,19377,19379],{"className":38,"code":19378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19380,19381,19411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19382,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19384,18913],{"class":51},[45,19386,56],{"class":55},[45,19388,9388],{"class":171},[45,19390,132],{"class":59},[45,19392,17466],{"class":135},[45,19394,195],{"class":59},[45,19396,64],{"class":63},[45,19398,2403],{"class":67},[45,19400,64],{"class":63},[45,19402,84],{"class":59},[45,19404,76],{"class":63},[45,19406,11946],{"class":67},[45,19408,64],{"class":63},[45,19410,218],{"class":59},[45,19412,19413,19415,19417,19419],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19414,153],{"class":152},[45,19416,156],{"class":59},[45,19418,18946],{"class":135},[45,19420,161],{"class":59},[20,19422,182],{},[36,19424,19426],{"className":38,"code":19425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19427,19428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19429,19430,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19431,9495],{"class":59},[45,19433,198],{"class":63},[45,19435,2403],{"class":67},[45,19437,198],{"class":63},[45,19439,73],{"class":59},[45,19441,4081],{"class":4080},[45,19443,84],{"class":59},[45,19445,211],{"class":63},[45,19447,11946],{"class":67},[45,19449,198],{"class":63},[45,19451,73],{"class":59},[45,19453,4081],{"class":4080},[45,19455,118],{"class":59},[20,19457,19458,19459,132],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19460,4006],{},[31,19462,19464],{"id":19463},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19466,19467,19468,19470],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19469,17401],{}," works.",[36,19472,19474],{"className":38,"code":19473,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19475,19476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19477,19478,19480,19482,19484,19486,19488,19490,19492,19494,19496,19498,19500,19502,19504,19506,19508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19479,153],{"class":152},[45,19481,156],{"class":59},[45,19483,9039],{"class":171},[45,19485,132],{"class":59},[45,19487,17466],{"class":135},[45,19489,195],{"class":59},[45,19491,64],{"class":63},[45,19493,277],{"class":67},[45,19495,64],{"class":63},[45,19497,84],{"class":59},[45,19499,76],{"class":63},[45,19501,1930],{"class":67},[45,19503,64],{"class":63},[45,19505,18243],{"class":59},[45,19507,4061],{"class":96},[45,19509,179],{"class":59},[36,19511,19512],{"className":38,"code":19378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,19513,19514,19544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19515,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540,19542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19517,18913],{"class":51},[45,19519,56],{"class":55},[45,19521,9388],{"class":171},[45,19523,132],{"class":59},[45,19525,17466],{"class":135},[45,19527,195],{"class":59},[45,19529,64],{"class":63},[45,19531,2403],{"class":67},[45,19533,64],{"class":63},[45,19535,84],{"class":59},[45,19537,76],{"class":63},[45,19539,11946],{"class":67},[45,19541,64],{"class":63},[45,19543,218],{"class":59},[45,19545,19546,19548,19550,19552],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19547,153],{"class":152},[45,19549,156],{"class":59},[45,19551,18946],{"class":135},[45,19553,161],{"class":59},[36,19555,19556],{"className":38,"code":18906,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,19557,19558,19590,19612],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19559,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19561,18913],{"class":51},[45,19563,56],{"class":55},[45,19565,9388],{"class":171},[45,19567,132],{"class":59},[45,19569,17466],{"class":135},[45,19571,195],{"class":59},[45,19573,64],{"class":63},[45,19575,277],{"class":67},[45,19577,64],{"class":63},[45,19579,84],{"class":59},[45,19581,76],{"class":63},[45,19583,1930],{"class":67},[45,19585,64],{"class":63},[45,19587,18243],{"class":59},[45,19589,18177],{"class":59},[45,19591,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19593,18946],{"class":51},[45,19595,223],{"class":59},[45,19597,64],{"class":63},[45,19599,277],{"class":67},[45,19601,64],{"class":63},[45,19603,13743],{"class":59},[45,19605,13746],{"class":135},[45,19607,156],{"class":59},[45,19609,1430],{"class":96},[45,19611,161],{"class":59},[45,19613,19614,19616,19618,19620],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,19615,153],{"class":152},[45,19617,156],{"class":59},[45,19619,18946],{"class":135},[45,19621,161],{"class":59},[36,19623,19625],{"className":38,"code":19624,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19626,19627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19628,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19630,153],{"class":152},[45,19632,156],{"class":59},[45,19634,1478],{"class":171},[45,19636,156],{"class":59},[45,19638,9039],{"class":171},[45,19640,132],{"class":59},[45,19642,17466],{"class":135},[45,19644,195],{"class":59},[45,19646,1430],{"class":96},[45,19648,84],{"class":59},[45,19650,1035],{"class":96},[45,19652,84],{"class":59},[45,19654,1063],{"class":96},[45,19656,18243],{"class":59},[45,19658,76],{"class":63},[45,19660,947],{"class":67},[45,19662,64],{"class":63},[45,19664,3143],{"class":59},[31,19666,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,19668,2062,19670,19672],{"id":19669},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19671,17401],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19674,19675],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1398,19677,19679],{"id":19678},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19681,19682,19683,132],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19684,4006],{},[1398,19686,19688],{"id":19687},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19690,19691],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1398,19693,19695],{"id":19694},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19697,18333],{},[36,19699,19701],{"className":38,"code":19700,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19702,19703,19735],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19704,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19706,17425],{"class":51},[45,19708,56],{"class":55},[45,19710,1427],{"class":59},[45,19712,64],{"class":63},[45,19714,277],{"class":67},[45,19716,64],{"class":63},[45,19718,84],{"class":59},[45,19720,76],{"class":63},[45,19722,1930],{"class":67},[45,19724,64],{"class":63},[45,19726,84],{"class":59},[45,19728,76],{"class":63},[45,19730,9951],{"class":67},[45,19732,64],{"class":63},[45,19734,244],{"class":59},[45,19736,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19738,1909],{"class":51},[45,19740,56],{"class":55},[45,19742,60],{"class":59},[45,19744,15034],{"class":51},[45,19746,73],{"class":59},[45,19748,18385],{"class":59},[45,19750,4105],{"class":921},[45,19752,18390],{"class":51},[45,19754,927],{"class":921},[45,19756,18395],{"class":51},[45,19758,118],{"class":59},[31,19760,2114],{"id":2113},[258,19762,19763,19767,19771,19775,19781],{},[261,19764,19765],{},[277,19766,2133],{"href":13225},[261,19768,19769],{},[277,19770,9374],{"href":13222},[261,19772,19773],{},[277,19774,11458],{"href":18084},[261,19776,19777],{},[277,19778,991,19779,994],{"href":14225},[15,19780,15147],{},[261,19782,19783],{},[277,19784,991,19785,994],{"href":15192},[15,19786,12978],{},[20,19788,1006,19789,19791],{},[15,19790,17406],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2154,19793,19794],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":19796},[19797,19798,19800,19804,19805,19807,19812,19814,19821,19830,19831,19838],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":17505,"depth":121,"text":19799},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17549,"depth":121,"text":17550,"children":19801},[19802,19803],{"id":17576,"depth":142,"text":17577},{"id":17600,"depth":142,"text":17601},{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":17760,"depth":121,"text":19806},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18088,"depth":121,"text":18089,"children":19808},[19809,19810,19811],{"id":18118,"depth":142,"text":18119},{"id":18281,"depth":142,"text":18282},{"id":18329,"depth":142,"text":18330},{"id":18493,"depth":121,"text":19813},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18649,"depth":121,"text":19815,"children":19816},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19817,19819,19820],{"id":18660,"depth":142,"text":19818},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18725,"depth":142,"text":18726},{"id":18799,"depth":142,"text":18800},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":19822},[19823,19824,19826,19828],{"id":18902,"depth":142,"text":18903},{"id":19085,"depth":142,"text":19825},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19219,"depth":142,"text":19827},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19372,"depth":142,"text":19829},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19463,"depth":121,"text":19464},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":19832},[19833,19835,19836,19837],{"id":19669,"depth":142,"text":19834},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19678,"depth":142,"text":19679},{"id":19687,"depth":142,"text":19688},{"id":19694,"depth":142,"text":19695},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17393,"description":19839},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19846,"title":19847,"body":19848,"description":21677,"extension":2195,"meta":21678,"navigation":145,"path":21679,"seo":21680,"stem":21681,"__hash__":21682},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19849,"toc":21644},[19850,19855,19861,19872,20002,20009,20014,20018,20034,20036,20133,20136,20153,20157,20159,20164,20202,20205,20223,20225,20343,20348,20352,20368,20371,20507,20510,20515,20521,20524,20561,20564,20568,20573,20649,20653,20658,20740,20742,20758,20763,20767,20773,20842,20845,20862,20865,20947,20953,20956,20976,20980,20985,20991,20997,21068,21071,21077,21080,21154,21161,21167,21175,21185,21187,21282,21288,21293,21380,21386,21388,21393,21415,21418,21513,21516,21547,21560,21562,21570,21576,21582,21585,21591,21596,21603,21608,21610,21641],[10,19851,13,19853,18],{"id":19852},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19854,10948],{},[20,19856,19857,19858,19860],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19859,10948],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19862,19863,19864,2419,19867,2627,19869,19871],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19865,19866],{},"KeyError",[15,19868,10948],{},[15,19870,4006],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[36,19873,19875],{"className":38,"code":19874,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19876,19877,19913,19917,19943,19968],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,19878,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,19880,371],{"class":51},[45,19882,56],{"class":55},[45,19884,60],{"class":59},[45,19886,64],{"class":63},[45,19888,68],{"class":67},[45,19890,64],{"class":63},[45,19892,73],{"class":59},[45,19894,76],{"class":63},[45,19896,79],{"class":67},[45,19898,64],{"class":63},[45,19900,84],{"class":59},[45,19902,76],{"class":63},[45,19904,89],{"class":67},[45,19906,64],{"class":63},[45,19908,73],{"class":59},[45,19910,403],{"class":96},[45,19912,118],{"class":59},[45,19914,19915],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,19916,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,19918,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,19920,153],{"class":152},[45,19922,156],{"class":59},[45,19924,446],{"class":135},[45,19926,132],{"class":59},[45,19928,19929],{"class":135},"get",[45,19931,156],{"class":59},[45,19933,64],{"class":63},[45,19935,68],{"class":67},[45,19937,64],{"class":63},[45,19939,5582],{"class":59},[45,19941,19942],{"class":1712},"           # Ana\n",[45,19944,19945,19947,19949,19951,19953,19955,19957,19959,19961,19963,19965],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,19946,153],{"class":152},[45,19948,156],{"class":59},[45,19950,446],{"class":135},[45,19952,132],{"class":59},[45,19954,19929],{"class":135},[45,19956,156],{"class":59},[45,19958,64],{"class":63},[45,19960,104],{"class":67},[45,19962,64],{"class":63},[45,19964,5582],{"class":59},[45,19966,19967],{"class":1712},"           # None\n",[45,19969,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19995,19997,19999],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,19971,153],{"class":152},[45,19973,156],{"class":59},[45,19975,446],{"class":135},[45,19977,132],{"class":59},[45,19979,19929],{"class":135},[45,19981,156],{"class":59},[45,19983,64],{"class":63},[45,19985,104],{"class":67},[45,19987,64],{"class":63},[45,19989,84],{"class":59},[45,19991,76],{"class":63},[45,19993,19994],{"class":67},"N\u002FA",[45,19996,64],{"class":63},[45,19998,5582],{"class":59},[45,20000,20001],{"class":1712},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20003,1006,20004,20006,20007,132],{},[15,20005,10948],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20008,19866],{},[31,20010,253,20012,256],{"id":20011},"what-get-does",[15,20013,10948],{},[20,20015,2212,20016,11618],{},[15,20017,10948],{},[258,20019,20020,20023,20028,20031],{},[261,20021,20022],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[261,20024,11629,20025,20027],{},[15,20026,4006],{}," if the key does not exist",[261,20029,20030],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[261,20032,20033],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20035,361],{},[36,20037,20039],{"className":38,"code":20038,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20040,20041,20079,20083,20108],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20042,20043,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20062,20064,20066,20068,20071,20073,20075,20077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20044,52],{"class":51},[45,20046,56],{"class":55},[45,20048,60],{"class":59},[45,20050,64],{"class":63},[45,20052,68],{"class":67},[45,20054,64],{"class":63},[45,20056,73],{"class":59},[45,20058,76],{"class":63},[45,20060,20061],{"class":67},"Lina",[45,20063,64],{"class":63},[45,20065,84],{"class":59},[45,20067,76],{"class":63},[45,20069,20070],{"class":67},"grade",[45,20072,64],{"class":63},[45,20074,73],{"class":59},[45,20076,882],{"class":96},[45,20078,118],{"class":59},[45,20080,20081],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20082,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20084,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20086,153],{"class":152},[45,20088,156],{"class":59},[45,20090,1255],{"class":135},[45,20092,132],{"class":59},[45,20094,19929],{"class":135},[45,20096,156],{"class":59},[45,20098,64],{"class":63},[45,20100,68],{"class":67},[45,20102,64],{"class":63},[45,20104,5582],{"class":59},[45,20106,20107],{"class":1712},"     # Lina\n",[45,20109,20110,20112,20114,20116,20118,20120,20122,20124,20126,20128,20130],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,20111,153],{"class":152},[45,20113,156],{"class":59},[45,20115,1255],{"class":135},[45,20117,132],{"class":59},[45,20119,19929],{"class":135},[45,20121,156],{"class":59},[45,20123,64],{"class":63},[45,20125,15452],{"class":67},[45,20127,64],{"class":63},[45,20129,5582],{"class":59},[45,20131,20132],{"class":1712},"    # None\n",[20,20134,20135],{},"In this example:",[258,20137,20138,20143],{},[261,20139,20140,20142],{},[15,20141,15433],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[261,20144,20145,20148,20149,2627,20151],{},[15,20146,20147],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20150,10948],{},[15,20152,4006],{},[20,20154,13219,20155,132],{},[277,20156,9374],{"href":9373},[31,20158,284],{"id":283},[20,20160,20161,20162,73],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20163,10948],{},[36,20165,20167],{"className":38,"code":20166,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20168,20169,20183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20170,20171,20173,20175,20177,20179,20181],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20172,15798],{"class":51},[45,20174,132],{"class":59},[45,20176,19929],{"class":135},[45,20178,156],{"class":59},[45,20180,15034],{"class":135},[45,20182,161],{"class":59},[45,20184,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20186,15798],{"class":51},[45,20188,132],{"class":59},[45,20190,19929],{"class":135},[45,20192,156],{"class":59},[45,20194,15034],{"class":135},[45,20196,84],{"class":59},[45,20198,20199],{"class":135}," default_value",[45,20201,161],{"class":59},[20,20203,20204],{},"What each part means:",[258,20206,20207,20212,20218],{},[261,20208,20209,20211],{},[15,20210,15034],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[261,20213,20214,20217],{},[15,20215,20216],{},"default_value"," is optional",[261,20219,20220,20221],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20222,4006],{},[20,20224,361],{},[36,20226,20228],{"className":38,"code":20227,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20229,20230,20254,20258,20283,20309],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20231,20232,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20233,14018],{"class":51},[45,20235,56],{"class":55},[45,20237,60],{"class":59},[45,20239,64],{"class":63},[45,20241,12696],{"class":67},[45,20243,64],{"class":63},[45,20245,73],{"class":59},[45,20247,76],{"class":63},[45,20249,12705],{"class":67},[45,20251,64],{"class":63},[45,20253,118],{"class":59},[45,20255,20256],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20257,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20259,20260,20262,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20261,153],{"class":152},[45,20263,156],{"class":59},[45,20265,14077],{"class":135},[45,20267,132],{"class":59},[45,20269,19929],{"class":135},[45,20271,156],{"class":59},[45,20273,64],{"class":63},[45,20275,12696],{"class":67},[45,20277,64],{"class":63},[45,20279,5582],{"class":59},[45,20281,20282],{"class":1712},"            # dark\n",[45,20284,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20302,20304,20306],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,20286,153],{"class":152},[45,20288,156],{"class":59},[45,20290,14077],{"class":135},[45,20292,132],{"class":59},[45,20294,19929],{"class":135},[45,20296,156],{"class":59},[45,20298,64],{"class":63},[45,20300,20301],{"class":67},"language",[45,20303,64],{"class":63},[45,20305,5582],{"class":59},[45,20307,20308],{"class":1712},"         # None\n",[45,20310,20311,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333,20336,20338,20340],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,20312,153],{"class":152},[45,20314,156],{"class":59},[45,20316,14077],{"class":135},[45,20318,132],{"class":59},[45,20320,19929],{"class":135},[45,20322,156],{"class":59},[45,20324,64],{"class":63},[45,20326,20301],{"class":67},[45,20328,64],{"class":63},[45,20330,84],{"class":59},[45,20332,76],{"class":63},[45,20334,20335],{"class":67},"en",[45,20337,64],{"class":63},[45,20339,5582],{"class":59},[45,20341,20342],{"class":1712},"   # en\n",[31,20344,5185,20346],{"id":20345},"when-to-use-get",[15,20347,10948],{},[20,20349,1006,20350,10811],{},[15,20351,10948],{},[258,20353,20354,20357,20362,20365],{},[261,20355,20356],{},"A key might not exist",[261,20358,20359,20360],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20361,19866],{},[261,20363,20364],{},"You are reading optional data",[261,20366,20367],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20369,20370],{},"Example with optional user data:",[36,20372,20374],{"className":38,"code":20373,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20375,20376,20418,20422,20447,20473],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20377,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20414,20416],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20379,11690],{"class":51},[45,20381,56],{"class":55},[45,20383,60],{"class":59},[45,20385,64],{"class":63},[45,20387,8205],{"class":67},[45,20389,64],{"class":63},[45,20391,73],{"class":59},[45,20393,76],{"class":63},[45,20395,20396],{"class":67},"sam",[45,20398,64],{"class":63},[45,20400,84],{"class":59},[45,20402,76],{"class":63},[45,20404,15452],{"class":67},[45,20406,64],{"class":63},[45,20408,73],{"class":59},[45,20410,76],{"class":63},[45,20412,20413],{"class":67},"sam@example.com",[45,20415,64],{"class":63},[45,20417,118],{"class":59},[45,20419,20420],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20421,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20423,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20425,153],{"class":152},[45,20427,156],{"class":59},[45,20429,11784],{"class":135},[45,20431,132],{"class":59},[45,20433,19929],{"class":135},[45,20435,156],{"class":59},[45,20437,64],{"class":63},[45,20439,8205],{"class":67},[45,20441,64],{"class":63},[45,20443,5582],{"class":59},[45,20445,20446],{"class":1712},"              # sam\n",[45,20448,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20466,20468,20470],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,20450,153],{"class":152},[45,20452,156],{"class":59},[45,20454,11784],{"class":135},[45,20456,132],{"class":59},[45,20458,19929],{"class":135},[45,20460,156],{"class":59},[45,20462,64],{"class":63},[45,20464,20465],{"class":67},"phone",[45,20467,64],{"class":63},[45,20469,5582],{"class":59},[45,20471,20472],{"class":1712},"                 # None\n",[45,20474,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497,20500,20502,20504],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,20476,153],{"class":152},[45,20478,156],{"class":59},[45,20480,11784],{"class":135},[45,20482,132],{"class":59},[45,20484,19929],{"class":135},[45,20486,156],{"class":59},[45,20488,64],{"class":63},[45,20490,20465],{"class":67},[45,20492,64],{"class":63},[45,20494,84],{"class":59},[45,20496,76],{"class":63},[45,20498,20499],{"class":67},"Not provided",[45,20501,64],{"class":63},[45,20503,5582],{"class":59},[45,20505,20506],{"class":1712}," # Not provided\n",[20,20508,20509],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20511,20512,20513,132],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[277,20514,16791],{"href":16790},[31,20516,20518,20520],{"id":20517},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20519,10948],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20522,20523],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[36,20525,20527],{"className":38,"code":20526,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20528,20529,20543],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20530,20531,20533,20535,20537,20539,20541],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20532,1947],{"class":51},[45,20534,223],{"class":59},[45,20536,64],{"class":63},[45,20538,15034],{"class":67},[45,20540,64],{"class":63},[45,20542,244],{"class":59},[45,20544,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20546,1947],{"class":51},[45,20548,132],{"class":59},[45,20550,19929],{"class":135},[45,20552,156],{"class":59},[45,20554,64],{"class":63},[45,20556,15034],{"class":67},[45,20558,64],{"class":63},[45,20560,161],{"class":59},[20,20562,20563],{},"The difference is important.",[1398,20565,20567],{"id":20566},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20569,20570,20571,132],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20572,19866],{},[36,20574,20576],{"className":38,"code":20575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20577,20578,20602,20606,20628],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20579,20580,20582,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594,20596,20598,20600],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20581,1909],{"class":51},[45,20583,56],{"class":55},[45,20585,60],{"class":59},[45,20587,64],{"class":63},[45,20589,68],{"class":67},[45,20591,64],{"class":63},[45,20593,73],{"class":59},[45,20595,76],{"class":63},[45,20597,79],{"class":67},[45,20599,64],{"class":63},[45,20601,118],{"class":59},[45,20603,20604],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20605,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20607,20608,20610,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20625],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20609,153],{"class":152},[45,20611,156],{"class":59},[45,20613,1947],{"class":135},[45,20615,223],{"class":59},[45,20617,64],{"class":63},[45,20619,68],{"class":67},[45,20621,64],{"class":63},[45,20623,20624],{"class":59},"])",[45,20626,20627],{"class":1712},"   # Ana\n",[45,20629,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,20631,153],{"class":152},[45,20633,156],{"class":59},[45,20635,1947],{"class":135},[45,20637,223],{"class":59},[45,20639,64],{"class":63},[45,20641,104],{"class":67},[45,20643,64],{"class":63},[45,20645,20624],{"class":59},[45,20647,20648],{"class":1712},"   # KeyError\n",[1398,20650,20651],{"id":19929},[15,20652,10948],{},[20,20654,20655,20657],{},[15,20656,10948],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[36,20659,20661],{"className":38,"code":20660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20662,20663,20687,20691,20715],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20664,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20666,1909],{"class":51},[45,20668,56],{"class":55},[45,20670,60],{"class":59},[45,20672,64],{"class":63},[45,20674,68],{"class":67},[45,20676,64],{"class":63},[45,20678,73],{"class":59},[45,20680,76],{"class":63},[45,20682,79],{"class":67},[45,20684,64],{"class":63},[45,20686,118],{"class":59},[45,20688,20689],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20690,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20692,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20694,153],{"class":152},[45,20696,156],{"class":59},[45,20698,1947],{"class":135},[45,20700,132],{"class":59},[45,20702,19929],{"class":135},[45,20704,156],{"class":59},[45,20706,64],{"class":63},[45,20708,68],{"class":67},[45,20710,64],{"class":63},[45,20712,5582],{"class":59},[45,20714,20627],{"class":1712},[45,20716,20717,20719,20721,20723,20725,20727,20729,20731,20733,20735,20737],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,20718,153],{"class":152},[45,20720,156],{"class":59},[45,20722,1947],{"class":135},[45,20724,132],{"class":59},[45,20726,19929],{"class":135},[45,20728,156],{"class":59},[45,20730,64],{"class":63},[45,20732,104],{"class":67},[45,20734,64],{"class":63},[45,20736,5582],{"class":59},[45,20738,20739],{"class":1712},"   # None\n",[20,20741,1363],{},[258,20743,20744,20750],{},[261,20745,20746,20747],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[355,20748,20749],{},"must exist",[261,20751,20752,20754,20755],{},[15,20753,10948],{}," when the key is ",[355,20756,20757],{},"optional",[20,20759,20760,20761,132],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[277,20762,11469],{"href":11282},[31,20764,20766],{"id":20765},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20768,20769,20770,20772],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20771,10948],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[36,20774,20776],{"className":38,"code":20775,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20777,20778,20803,20807],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20779,20780,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795,20797,20799,20801],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20781,20782],{"class":51},"profile ",[45,20784,56],{"class":55},[45,20786,60],{"class":59},[45,20788,64],{"class":63},[45,20790,68],{"class":67},[45,20792,64],{"class":63},[45,20794,73],{"class":59},[45,20796,76],{"class":63},[45,20798,388],{"class":67},[45,20800,64],{"class":63},[45,20802,118],{"class":59},[45,20804,20805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20806,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20808,20809,20811,20813,20816,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20828,20830,20832,20835,20837,20839],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20810,153],{"class":152},[45,20812,156],{"class":59},[45,20814,20815],{"class":135},"profile",[45,20817,132],{"class":59},[45,20819,19929],{"class":135},[45,20821,156],{"class":59},[45,20823,64],{"class":63},[45,20825,15455],{"class":67},[45,20827,64],{"class":63},[45,20829,84],{"class":59},[45,20831,76],{"class":63},[45,20833,20834],{"class":67},"Unknown",[45,20836,64],{"class":63},[45,20838,5582],{"class":59},[45,20840,20841],{"class":1712},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20843,20844],{},"This is useful for display text:",[258,20846,20847,20852,20857],{},[261,20848,20849],{},[15,20850,20851],{},"\"Unknown\"",[261,20853,20854],{},[15,20855,20856],{},"\"Not set\"",[261,20858,20859],{},[15,20860,20861],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20863,20864],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[36,20866,20868],{"className":38,"code":20867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20869,20870,20902,20906,20933],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,20871,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,20873,866],{"class":51},[45,20875,56],{"class":55},[45,20877,60],{"class":59},[45,20879,64],{"class":63},[45,20881,875],{"class":67},[45,20883,64],{"class":63},[45,20885,73],{"class":59},[45,20887,6225],{"class":96},[45,20889,84],{"class":59},[45,20891,76],{"class":63},[45,20893,903],{"class":67},[45,20895,64],{"class":63},[45,20897,73],{"class":59},[45,20899,6580],{"class":96},[45,20901,118],{"class":59},[45,20903,20904],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,20905,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,20907,20908,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929,20931],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,20909,20910],{"class":51},"total_history ",[45,20912,56],{"class":55},[45,20914,930],{"class":51},[45,20916,132],{"class":59},[45,20918,19929],{"class":135},[45,20920,156],{"class":59},[45,20922,64],{"class":63},[45,20924,18614],{"class":67},[45,20926,64],{"class":63},[45,20928,84],{"class":59},[45,20930,4061],{"class":96},[45,20932,161],{"class":59},[45,20934,20935,20937,20939,20942,20944],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,20936,153],{"class":152},[45,20938,156],{"class":59},[45,20940,20941],{"class":135},"total_history",[45,20943,3889],{"class":59},[45,20945,20946],{"class":1712},"   # 0\n",[20,20948,20949,20950,20952],{},"Here, ",[15,20951,1117],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20954,20955],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[258,20957,20958,20961,20966,20971],{},[261,20959,20960],{},"Use a string for text",[261,20962,1006,20963,20965],{},[15,20964,1117],{}," for numbers",[261,20967,1006,20968,20970],{},[15,20969,4015],{}," for lists if needed",[261,20972,1006,20973,20975],{},[15,20974,4020],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[31,20977,20979],{"id":20978},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20981,20982,20983,132],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20984,10948],{},[1398,20986,20988,20990],{"id":20987},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20989,10948],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20992,20993,20994,20996],{},"This code does ",[355,20995,4854],{}," create a new key:",[36,20998,21000],{"className":38,"code":20999,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21001,21002,21026,21030,21055],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21003,21004,21006,21008,21010,21012,21014,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21005,371],{"class":51},[45,21007,56],{"class":55},[45,21009,60],{"class":59},[45,21011,64],{"class":63},[45,21013,68],{"class":67},[45,21015,64],{"class":63},[45,21017,73],{"class":59},[45,21019,76],{"class":63},[45,21021,79],{"class":67},[45,21023,64],{"class":63},[45,21025,118],{"class":59},[45,21027,21028],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21029,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,21031,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21033,153],{"class":152},[45,21035,156],{"class":59},[45,21037,446],{"class":135},[45,21039,132],{"class":59},[45,21041,19929],{"class":135},[45,21043,156],{"class":59},[45,21045,64],{"class":63},[45,21047,104],{"class":67},[45,21049,64],{"class":63},[45,21051,5582],{"class":59},[45,21053,21054],{"class":1712},"  # None\n",[45,21056,21057,21059,21061,21063,21065],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,21058,153],{"class":152},[45,21060,156],{"class":59},[45,21062,446],{"class":135},[45,21064,3889],{"class":59},[45,21066,21067],{"class":1712},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21069,21070],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1398,21072,21074,21076],{"id":21073},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21075,10948],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21078,21079],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[36,21081,21083],{"className":38,"code":21082,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21084,21085,21111,21115,21141],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21086,21087,21089,21091,21093,21095,21098,21100,21102,21104,21107,21109],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21088,14018],{"class":51},[45,21090,56],{"class":55},[45,21092,60],{"class":59},[45,21094,64],{"class":63},[45,21096,21097],{"class":67},"mode",[45,21099,64],{"class":63},[45,21101,73],{"class":59},[45,21103,76],{"class":63},[45,21105,21106],{"class":67},"light",[45,21108,64],{"class":63},[45,21110,118],{"class":59},[45,21112,21113],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21114,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,21116,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21118,14077],{"class":51},[45,21120,132],{"class":59},[45,21122,19929],{"class":135},[45,21124,156],{"class":59},[45,21126,64],{"class":63},[45,21128,12696],{"class":67},[45,21130,64],{"class":63},[45,21132,84],{"class":59},[45,21134,76],{"class":63},[45,21136,12705],{"class":67},[45,21138,64],{"class":63},[45,21140,161],{"class":59},[45,21142,21143,21145,21147,21149,21151],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,21144,153],{"class":152},[45,21146,156],{"class":59},[45,21148,14077],{"class":135},[45,21150,3889],{"class":59},[45,21152,21153],{"class":1712},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21155,21156,21157,21160],{},"Even though ",[15,21158,21159],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1398,21162,21164,21165],{"id":21163},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21166,4006],{},[20,21168,21169,21170,2627,21172,21174],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21171,10948],{},[15,21173,4006],{}," because:",[258,21176,21177,21180],{},[261,21178,21179],{},"The key is missing, or",[261,21181,21182,21183],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21184,4006],{},[20,21186,361],{},[36,21188,21190],{"className":38,"code":21189,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21191,21192,21229,21233,21257],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21193,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21221,21223,21225,21227],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21195,1909],{"class":51},[45,21197,56],{"class":55},[45,21199,60],{"class":59},[45,21201,64],{"class":63},[45,21203,68],{"class":67},[45,21205,64],{"class":63},[45,21207,73],{"class":59},[45,21209,76],{"class":63},[45,21211,79],{"class":67},[45,21213,64],{"class":63},[45,21215,84],{"class":59},[45,21217,76],{"class":63},[45,21219,21220],{"class":67},"nickname",[45,21222,64],{"class":63},[45,21224,73],{"class":59},[45,21226,4081],{"class":4080},[45,21228,118],{"class":59},[45,21230,21231],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21232,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,21234,21235,21237,21239,21241,21243,21245,21247,21249,21251,21253,21255],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21236,153],{"class":152},[45,21238,156],{"class":59},[45,21240,1947],{"class":135},[45,21242,132],{"class":59},[45,21244,19929],{"class":135},[45,21246,156],{"class":59},[45,21248,64],{"class":63},[45,21250,21220],{"class":67},[45,21252,64],{"class":63},[45,21254,5582],{"class":59},[45,21256,21054],{"class":1712},[45,21258,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,21260,153],{"class":152},[45,21262,156],{"class":59},[45,21264,1947],{"class":135},[45,21266,132],{"class":59},[45,21268,19929],{"class":135},[45,21270,156],{"class":59},[45,21272,64],{"class":63},[45,21274,104],{"class":67},[45,21276,64],{"class":63},[45,21278,5582],{"class":59},[45,21280,21281],{"class":1712},"      # None\n",[20,21283,21284,21285,21287],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21286,4006],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21289,21290,21291,73],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21292,927],{},[36,21294,21296],{"className":38,"code":21295,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21297,21298,21334,21338,21359],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21299,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21301,1909],{"class":51},[45,21303,56],{"class":55},[45,21305,60],{"class":59},[45,21307,64],{"class":63},[45,21309,68],{"class":67},[45,21311,64],{"class":63},[45,21313,73],{"class":59},[45,21315,76],{"class":63},[45,21317,79],{"class":67},[45,21319,64],{"class":63},[45,21321,84],{"class":59},[45,21323,76],{"class":63},[45,21325,21220],{"class":67},[45,21327,64],{"class":63},[45,21329,73],{"class":59},[45,21331,4081],{"class":4080},[45,21333,118],{"class":59},[45,21335,21336],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21337,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,21339,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21353,21355,21357],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21341,153],{"class":152},[45,21343,156],{"class":59},[45,21345,64],{"class":63},[45,21347,21220],{"class":67},[45,21349,64],{"class":63},[45,21351,21352],{"class":921}," in",[45,21354,14759],{"class":135},[45,21356,3889],{"class":59},[45,21358,3892],{"class":1712},[45,21360,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,21362,153],{"class":152},[45,21364,156],{"class":59},[45,21366,64],{"class":63},[45,21368,104],{"class":67},[45,21370,64],{"class":63},[45,21372,21352],{"class":921},[45,21374,14759],{"class":135},[45,21376,3889],{"class":59},[45,21378,21379],{"class":1712},"      # False\n",[20,21381,21382,21383,132],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[277,21384,21385],{"href":17336},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[31,21387,3061],{"id":3060},[20,21389,21390,21391,73],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21392,10948],{},[258,21394,21395,21400,21407,21412],{},[261,21396,21397,21398],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21399,19866],{},[261,21401,4928,21402,2627,21404,21406],{},[15,21403,10948],{},[15,21405,4006],{}," if no default is provided",[261,21408,1503,21409,21411],{},[15,21410,10948],{}," creates a key automatically",[261,21413,21414],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21416,21417],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[36,21419,21421],{"className":38,"code":21420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21422,21423,21433,21447,21465,21487],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21424,21425,21427,21429,21431],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21426,153],{"class":152},[45,21428,156],{"class":59},[45,21430,294],{"class":135},[45,21432,161],{"class":59},[45,21434,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21436,153],{"class":152},[45,21438,156],{"class":59},[45,21440,294],{"class":135},[45,21442,132],{"class":59},[45,21444,1260],{"class":135},[45,21446,598],{"class":59},[45,21448,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21450,153],{"class":152},[45,21452,156],{"class":59},[45,21454,198],{"class":63},[45,21456,68],{"class":67},[45,21458,198],{"class":63},[45,21460,21352],{"class":921},[45,21462,11967],{"class":135},[45,21464,161],{"class":59},[45,21466,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,21468,153],{"class":152},[45,21470,156],{"class":59},[45,21472,294],{"class":135},[45,21474,132],{"class":59},[45,21476,19929],{"class":135},[45,21478,156],{"class":59},[45,21480,198],{"class":63},[45,21482,68],{"class":67},[45,21484,198],{"class":63},[45,21486,179],{"class":59},[45,21488,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,21490,153],{"class":152},[45,21492,156],{"class":59},[45,21494,1478],{"class":171},[45,21496,156],{"class":59},[45,21498,294],{"class":135},[45,21500,132],{"class":59},[45,21502,19929],{"class":135},[45,21504,156],{"class":59},[45,21506,198],{"class":63},[45,21508,68],{"class":67},[45,21510,198],{"class":63},[45,21512,3143],{"class":59},[20,21514,21515],{},"What these checks tell you:",[258,21517,21518,21523,21529,21535,21541],{},[261,21519,21520,21522],{},[15,21521,12881],{}," shows the full dictionary",[261,21524,21525,21528],{},[15,21526,21527],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[261,21530,21531,21534],{},[15,21532,21533],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[261,21536,21537,21540],{},[15,21538,21539],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[261,21542,21543,21546],{},[15,21544,21545],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21548,21549,21550,329,21555,21559],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[277,21551,21552,21553,994],{"href":324},"the dictionary ",[15,21554,327],{},[277,21556,21552,21557,994],{"href":332},[15,21558,335],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[31,21561,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,21563,2062,21565,21567,21568,2079],{"id":21564},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21566,10948],{}," raise ",[15,21569,19866],{},[20,21571,21572,21573,21575],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21574,4006],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1398,21577,2062,21579,21581],{"id":21578},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21580,10948],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21583,21584],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1398,21586,21588,21589,2079],{"id":21587},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21590,10948],{},[20,21592,21593,21595],{},[15,21594,4006],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1398,21597,21599,21600,21602],{"id":21598},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21601,10948],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21604,1006,21605,21607],{},[15,21606,10948],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[31,21609,2114],{"id":2113},[258,21611,21612,21616,21622,21628,21632,21637],{},[261,21613,21614],{},[277,21615,9374],{"href":9373},[261,21617,21618],{},[277,21619,991,21620,994],{"href":324},[15,21621,327],{},[261,21623,21624],{},[277,21625,991,21626,994],{"href":332},[15,21627,335],{},[261,21629,21630],{},[277,21631,17337],{"href":17336},[261,21633,21634],{},[277,21635,21636],{"href":16790},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[261,21638,21639],{},[277,21640,11469],{"href":11282},[2154,21642,21643],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21654,21655],{"id":20566,"depth":142,"text":20567},{"id":19929,"depth":142,"text":10948},{"id":20765,"depth":121,"text":20766},{"id":20978,"depth":121,"text":20979,"children":21658},[21659,21661,21663],{"id":20987,"depth":142,"text":21660},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21073,"depth":142,"text":21662},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21163,"depth":142,"text":21664},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":21667},[21668,21670,21672,21674],{"id":21564,"depth":142,"text":21669},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21578,"depth":142,"text":21671},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21587,"depth":142,"text":21673},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21598,"depth":142,"text":21675},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19847,"description":21677},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21684,"title":21685,"body":21686,"description":24232,"extension":2195,"meta":24233,"navigation":145,"path":24234,"seo":24235,"stem":24236,"__hash__":24237},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21687,"toc":24198},[21688,21693,21699,21705,21707,21787,21791,21808,21813,21818,21823,21825,21839,21841,21904,21908,21948,21956,21958,21960,21975,21978,21991,21993,22072,22076,22141,22143,22147,22154,22156,22167,22169,22279,22283,22362,22368,22374,22379,22492,22496,22528,22531,22638,22644,22650,22654,22657,22759,22763,22824,22827,22830,22841,22850,22853,22870,22872,22971,22975,23050,23053,23075,23080,23085,23102,23104,23225,23229,23263,23265,23270,23277,23287,23289,23367,23370,23441,23451,23454,23486,23489,23528,23534,23541,23544,23635,23639,23720,23726,23729,23732,23837,23840,23843,23965,23969,23972,24039,24043,24080,24086,24088,24094,24099,24104,24109,24115,24118,24157,24163,24166,24168,24195],[10,21689,13,21691,18],{"id":21690},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21692,335],{},[20,21694,2212,21695,21698],{},[15,21696,21697],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21700,21701,21702,21704],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21703,335],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[31,21706,34],{"id":33},[36,21708,21710],{"className":38,"code":21709,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21711,21712,21748,21752,21773],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21713,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21715,371],{"class":51},[45,21717,56],{"class":55},[45,21719,60],{"class":59},[45,21721,64],{"class":63},[45,21723,68],{"class":67},[45,21725,64],{"class":63},[45,21727,73],{"class":59},[45,21729,76],{"class":63},[45,21731,79],{"class":67},[45,21733,64],{"class":63},[45,21735,84],{"class":59},[45,21737,76],{"class":63},[45,21739,89],{"class":67},[45,21741,64],{"class":63},[45,21743,73],{"class":59},[45,21745,403],{"class":96},[45,21747,118],{"class":59},[45,21749,21750],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21751,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,21753,21754,21756,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21755,855],{"class":921},[45,21757,21758],{"class":51}," key",[45,21760,84],{"class":59},[45,21762,924],{"class":51},[45,21764,927],{"class":921},[45,21766,419],{"class":51},[45,21768,132],{"class":59},[45,21770,1289],{"class":135},[45,21772,937],{"class":59},[45,21774,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,21776,942],{"class":152},[45,21778,156],{"class":59},[45,21780,15034],{"class":135},[45,21782,84],{"class":59},[45,21784,8650],{"class":135},[45,21786,161],{"class":59},[20,21788,21789],{},[355,21790,182],{},[36,21792,21794],{"className":38,"code":21793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21795,21796,21801],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21797,21798],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21799,21800],{"class":51},"name Ana\n",[45,21802,21803,21806],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21804,21805],{"class":51},"age ",[45,21807,2939],{"class":96},[20,21809,1006,21810,21812],{},[15,21811,335],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[31,21814,253,21816,256],{"id":21815},"what-items-does",[15,21817,335],{},[20,21819,21820,21822],{},[15,21821,335],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21824,11663],{},[258,21826,21827,21833,21836],{},[261,21828,21829,21830],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21831,21832],{},"(key, value)",[261,21834,21835],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[261,21837,21838],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21840,361],{},[36,21842,21844],{"className":38,"code":21843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21845,21846,21882,21886],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21847,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21849,371],{"class":51},[45,21851,56],{"class":55},[45,21853,60],{"class":59},[45,21855,64],{"class":63},[45,21857,68],{"class":67},[45,21859,64],{"class":63},[45,21861,73],{"class":59},[45,21863,76],{"class":63},[45,21865,79],{"class":67},[45,21867,64],{"class":63},[45,21869,84],{"class":59},[45,21871,76],{"class":63},[45,21873,89],{"class":67},[45,21875,64],{"class":63},[45,21877,73],{"class":59},[45,21879,403],{"class":96},[45,21881,118],{"class":59},[45,21883,21884],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,21885,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,21887,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,21889,153],{"class":152},[45,21891,156],{"class":59},[45,21893,172],{"class":171},[45,21895,156],{"class":59},[45,21897,446],{"class":135},[45,21899,132],{"class":59},[45,21901,1289],{"class":135},[45,21903,2041],{"class":59},[20,21905,21906],{},[355,21907,182],{},[36,21909,21911],{"className":38,"code":21910,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21912,21913],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21914,21915,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21916,21917],{"class":59},"[(",[45,21919,198],{"class":63},[45,21921,68],{"class":67},[45,21923,198],{"class":63},[45,21925,84],{"class":59},[45,21927,211],{"class":63},[45,21929,79],{"class":67},[45,21931,198],{"class":63},[45,21933,9450],{"class":59},[45,21935,9453],{"class":59},[45,21937,198],{"class":63},[45,21939,89],{"class":67},[45,21941,198],{"class":63},[45,21943,84],{"class":59},[45,21945,403],{"class":96},[45,21947,9466],{"class":59},[20,21949,21950,21951,995,21953,132],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[277,21952,9374],{"href":13222},[277,21954,15218],{"href":21955},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[31,21957,284],{"id":283},[20,21959,5655],{},[36,21961,21963],{"className":38,"code":21962,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21964,21965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21966,21967,21969,21971,21973],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,21968,294],{"class":51},[45,21970,132],{"class":59},[45,21972,1289],{"class":135},[45,21974,139],{"class":59},[20,21976,21977],{},"Things to remember:",[258,21979,21980,21985,21988],{},[261,21981,21982,21984],{},[15,21983,335],{}," does not take any arguments",[261,21986,21987],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[261,21989,21990],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21992,361],{},[36,21994,21996],{"className":38,"code":21995,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21997,21998,22030,22034,22048,22052,22062],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,21999,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22001,866],{"class":51},[45,22003,56],{"class":55},[45,22005,60],{"class":59},[45,22007,64],{"class":63},[45,22009,5228],{"class":67},[45,22011,64],{"class":63},[45,22013,73],{"class":59},[45,22015,882],{"class":96},[45,22017,84],{"class":59},[45,22019,76],{"class":63},[45,22021,5237],{"class":67},[45,22023,64],{"class":63},[45,22025,73],{"class":59},[45,22027,896],{"class":96},[45,22029,118],{"class":59},[45,22031,22032],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22033,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22035,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22037,716],{"class":51},[45,22039,56],{"class":55},[45,22041,930],{"class":51},[45,22043,132],{"class":59},[45,22045,1289],{"class":135},[45,22047,139],{"class":59},[45,22049,22050],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,22051,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22053,22054,22056,22058,22060],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,22055,153],{"class":152},[45,22057,156],{"class":59},[45,22059,740],{"class":135},[45,22061,161],{"class":59},[45,22063,22064,22066,22068,22070],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,22065,153],{"class":152},[45,22067,156],{"class":59},[45,22069,16582],{"class":135},[45,22071,161],{"class":59},[20,22073,22074],{},[355,22075,182],{},[36,22077,22079],{"className":38,"code":22078,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22080,22081,22113],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22082,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22084,1344],{"class":135},[45,22086,1347],{"class":59},[45,22088,198],{"class":63},[45,22090,5228],{"class":67},[45,22092,198],{"class":63},[45,22094,84],{"class":59},[45,22096,882],{"class":96},[45,22098,9450],{"class":59},[45,22100,9453],{"class":59},[45,22102,198],{"class":63},[45,22104,5237],{"class":67},[45,22106,198],{"class":63},[45,22108,84],{"class":59},[45,22110,896],{"class":96},[45,22112,1360],{"class":59},[45,22114,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131,22133,22135,22137,22139],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22116,9495],{"class":59},[45,22118,198],{"class":63},[45,22120,5228],{"class":67},[45,22122,198],{"class":63},[45,22124,73],{"class":59},[45,22126,882],{"class":96},[45,22128,84],{"class":59},[45,22130,211],{"class":63},[45,22132,5237],{"class":67},[45,22134,198],{"class":63},[45,22136,73],{"class":59},[45,22138,896],{"class":96},[45,22140,118],{"class":59},[20,22142,21070],{},[31,22144,22146],{"id":22145},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22148,22149,347,22151,22153],{},[15,22150,335],{},[15,22152,1344],{}," view object.",[20,22155,2338],{},[258,22157,22158,22161,22164],{},[261,22159,22160],{},"You can loop over it",[261,22162,22163],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[261,22165,22166],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22168,361],{},[36,22170,22172],{"className":38,"code":22171,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22173,22174,22206,22220,22224,22238,22242,22261,22265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22175,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200,22202,22204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22177,1909],{"class":51},[45,22179,56],{"class":55},[45,22181,60],{"class":59},[45,22183,64],{"class":63},[45,22185,2403],{"class":67},[45,22187,64],{"class":63},[45,22189,73],{"class":59},[45,22191,1049],{"class":96},[45,22193,84],{"class":59},[45,22195,76],{"class":63},[45,22197,11946],{"class":67},[45,22199,64],{"class":63},[45,22201,73],{"class":59},[45,22203,1035],{"class":96},[45,22205,118],{"class":59},[45,22207,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22209,9432],{"class":51},[45,22211,56],{"class":55},[45,22213,14759],{"class":51},[45,22215,132],{"class":59},[45,22217,1289],{"class":135},[45,22219,139],{"class":59},[45,22221,22222],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22223,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22225,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,22227,153],{"class":152},[45,22229,156],{"class":59},[45,22231,172],{"class":171},[45,22233,156],{"class":59},[45,22235,9479],{"class":135},[45,22237,179],{"class":59},[45,22239,22240],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,22241,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22243,22244,22246,22248,22250,22253,22255,22257,22259],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,22245,1947],{"class":51},[45,22247,223],{"class":59},[45,22249,64],{"class":63},[45,22251,22252],{"class":67},"z",[45,22254,64],{"class":63},[45,22256,457],{"class":59},[45,22258,460],{"class":55},[45,22260,2807],{"class":96},[45,22262,22263],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,22264,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22266,22267,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,22268,153],{"class":152},[45,22270,156],{"class":59},[45,22272,172],{"class":171},[45,22274,156],{"class":59},[45,22276,9479],{"class":135},[45,22278,179],{"class":59},[20,22280,22281],{},[355,22282,182],{},[36,22284,22286],{"className":38,"code":22285,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22287,22288,22318],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22289,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22291,21917],{"class":59},[45,22293,198],{"class":63},[45,22295,2403],{"class":67},[45,22297,198],{"class":63},[45,22299,84],{"class":59},[45,22301,1049],{"class":96},[45,22303,9450],{"class":59},[45,22305,9453],{"class":59},[45,22307,198],{"class":63},[45,22309,11946],{"class":67},[45,22311,198],{"class":63},[45,22313,84],{"class":59},[45,22315,1035],{"class":96},[45,22317,9466],{"class":59},[45,22319,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22321,21917],{"class":59},[45,22323,198],{"class":63},[45,22325,2403],{"class":67},[45,22327,198],{"class":63},[45,22329,84],{"class":59},[45,22331,1049],{"class":96},[45,22333,9450],{"class":59},[45,22335,9453],{"class":59},[45,22337,198],{"class":63},[45,22339,11946],{"class":67},[45,22341,198],{"class":63},[45,22343,84],{"class":59},[45,22345,1035],{"class":96},[45,22347,9450],{"class":59},[45,22349,9453],{"class":59},[45,22351,198],{"class":63},[45,22353,22252],{"class":67},[45,22355,198],{"class":63},[45,22357,84],{"class":59},[45,22359,1063],{"class":96},[45,22361,9466],{"class":59},[20,22363,22364,22365,22367],{},"This happens because ",[15,22366,9479],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[31,22369,22371,22372],{"id":22370},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22373,335],{},[20,22375,22376,22377,73],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22378,335],{},[36,22380,22382],{"className":38,"code":22381,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22383,22384,22437,22441,22461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22385,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22412,22414,22416,22418,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22387,52],{"class":51},[45,22389,56],{"class":55},[45,22391,60],{"class":59},[45,22393,64],{"class":63},[45,22395,68],{"class":67},[45,22397,64],{"class":63},[45,22399,73],{"class":59},[45,22401,76],{"class":63},[45,22403,388],{"class":67},[45,22405,64],{"class":63},[45,22407,84],{"class":59},[45,22409,76],{"class":63},[45,22411,20070],{"class":67},[45,22413,64],{"class":63},[45,22415,73],{"class":59},[45,22417,76],{"class":63},[45,22419,22420],{"class":67},"A",[45,22422,64],{"class":63},[45,22424,84],{"class":59},[45,22426,76],{"class":63},[45,22428,89],{"class":67},[45,22430,64],{"class":63},[45,22432,73],{"class":59},[45,22434,14050],{"class":96},[45,22436,118],{"class":59},[45,22438,22439],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22440,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22442,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22444,855],{"class":921},[45,22446,21758],{"class":51},[45,22448,84],{"class":59},[45,22450,924],{"class":51},[45,22452,927],{"class":921},[45,22454,129],{"class":51},[45,22456,132],{"class":59},[45,22458,1289],{"class":135},[45,22460,937],{"class":59},[45,22462,22463,22465,22467,22470,22472,22474,22476,22479,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,22464,942],{"class":152},[45,22466,156],{"class":59},[45,22468,22469],{"class":1597},"f",[45,22471,64],{"class":67},[45,22473,9495],{"class":96},[45,22475,15034],{"class":135},[45,22477,22478],{"class":96},"}",[45,22480,22481],{"class":67},": ",[45,22483,9495],{"class":96},[45,22485,947],{"class":135},[45,22487,22478],{"class":96},[45,22489,64],{"class":67},[45,22491,161],{"class":59},[20,22493,22494],{},[355,22495,182],{},[36,22497,22499],{"className":38,"code":22498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22500,22501,22510,22519],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22502,22503,22505,22507],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22504,68],{"class":51},[45,22506,73],{"class":59},[45,22508,22509],{"class":51}," Mia\n",[45,22511,22512,22514,22516],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22513,20070],{"class":51},[45,22515,73],{"class":59},[45,22517,22518],{"class":51}," A\n",[45,22520,22521,22523,22525],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22522,89],{"class":51},[45,22524,73],{"class":59},[45,22526,22527],{"class":96}," 14\n",[20,22529,22530],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[36,22532,22534],{"className":38,"code":22533,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22535,22536,22588,22592,22604],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22537,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22539,52],{"class":51},[45,22541,56],{"class":55},[45,22543,60],{"class":59},[45,22545,64],{"class":63},[45,22547,68],{"class":67},[45,22549,64],{"class":63},[45,22551,73],{"class":59},[45,22553,76],{"class":63},[45,22555,388],{"class":67},[45,22557,64],{"class":63},[45,22559,84],{"class":59},[45,22561,76],{"class":63},[45,22563,20070],{"class":67},[45,22565,64],{"class":63},[45,22567,73],{"class":59},[45,22569,76],{"class":63},[45,22571,22420],{"class":67},[45,22573,64],{"class":63},[45,22575,84],{"class":59},[45,22577,76],{"class":63},[45,22579,89],{"class":67},[45,22581,64],{"class":63},[45,22583,73],{"class":59},[45,22585,14050],{"class":96},[45,22587,118],{"class":59},[45,22589,22590],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22591,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22593,22594,22596,22598,22600,22602],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22595,855],{"class":921},[45,22597,18390],{"class":51},[45,22599,927],{"class":921},[45,22601,129],{"class":51},[45,22603,6614],{"class":59},[45,22605,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632,22634,22636],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,22607,942],{"class":152},[45,22609,156],{"class":59},[45,22611,22469],{"class":1597},[45,22613,64],{"class":67},[45,22615,9495],{"class":96},[45,22617,15034],{"class":135},[45,22619,22478],{"class":96},[45,22621,22481],{"class":67},[45,22623,9495],{"class":96},[45,22625,1255],{"class":135},[45,22627,223],{"class":59},[45,22629,15034],{"class":135},[45,22631,457],{"class":59},[45,22633,22478],{"class":96},[45,22635,64],{"class":67},[45,22637,161],{"class":59},[20,22639,6731,22640,22643],{},[15,22641,22642],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22645,22646,22647,132],{},"For a full guide, see ",[277,22648,999],{"href":22649},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python",[31,22651,22653],{"id":22652},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22655,22656],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[36,22658,22660],{"className":38,"code":22659,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22661,22662,22721,22725,22744,22748],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22663,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22676,22678,22680,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690,22692,22694,22696,22699,22701,22703,22705,22708,22710,22712,22714,22717,22719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22665,13274],{"class":51},[45,22667,56],{"class":55},[45,22669,60],{"class":59},[45,22671,64],{"class":63},[45,22673,1028],{"class":67},[45,22675,64],{"class":63},[45,22677,73],{"class":59},[45,22679,76],{"class":63},[45,22681,13291],{"class":67},[45,22683,64],{"class":63},[45,22685,84],{"class":59},[45,22687,76],{"class":63},[45,22689,1042],{"class":67},[45,22691,64],{"class":63},[45,22693,73],{"class":59},[45,22695,76],{"class":63},[45,22697,22698],{"class":67},"yellow",[45,22700,64],{"class":63},[45,22702,84],{"class":59},[45,22704,76],{"class":63},[45,22706,22707],{"class":67},"grape",[45,22709,64],{"class":63},[45,22711,73],{"class":59},[45,22713,76],{"class":63},[45,22715,22716],{"class":67},"purple",[45,22718,64],{"class":63},[45,22720,118],{"class":59},[45,22722,22723],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22724,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22726,22727,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22728,22729],{"class":51},"pairs_list ",[45,22731,56],{"class":55},[45,22733,587],{"class":171},[45,22735,156],{"class":59},[45,22737,17684],{"class":135},[45,22739,132],{"class":59},[45,22741,1289],{"class":135},[45,22743,598],{"class":59},[45,22745,22746],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,22747,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22749,22750,22752,22754,22757],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,22751,153],{"class":152},[45,22753,156],{"class":59},[45,22755,22756],{"class":135},"pairs_list",[45,22758,161],{"class":59},[20,22760,22761],{},[355,22762,182],{},[36,22764,22766],{"className":38,"code":22765,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22767,22768],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22769,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818,22820,22822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22771,21917],{"class":59},[45,22773,198],{"class":63},[45,22775,1028],{"class":67},[45,22777,198],{"class":63},[45,22779,84],{"class":59},[45,22781,211],{"class":63},[45,22783,13291],{"class":67},[45,22785,198],{"class":63},[45,22787,9450],{"class":59},[45,22789,9453],{"class":59},[45,22791,198],{"class":63},[45,22793,1042],{"class":67},[45,22795,198],{"class":63},[45,22797,84],{"class":59},[45,22799,211],{"class":63},[45,22801,22698],{"class":67},[45,22803,198],{"class":63},[45,22805,9450],{"class":59},[45,22807,9453],{"class":59},[45,22809,198],{"class":63},[45,22811,22707],{"class":67},[45,22813,198],{"class":63},[45,22815,84],{"class":59},[45,22817,211],{"class":63},[45,22819,22716],{"class":67},[45,22821,198],{"class":63},[45,22823,9466],{"class":59},[20,22825,22826],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22828,22829],{},"Use this when:",[258,22831,22832,22835,22838],{},[261,22833,22834],{},"You want clearer printed output",[261,22836,22837],{},"You need list behavior",[261,22839,22840],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[31,22842,22844,1174,22846,1174,22848],{"id":22843},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22845,335],{},[15,22847,327],{},[15,22849,17],{},[20,22851,22852],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[258,22854,22855,22860,22865],{},[261,22856,22857,22859],{},[15,22858,335],{}," gives both key and value",[261,22861,22862,22864],{},[15,22863,327],{}," gives only keys",[261,22866,22867,22869],{},[15,22868,17],{}," gives only values",[20,22871,361],{},[36,22873,22875],{"className":38,"code":22874,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22876,22877,22913,22917,22935,22953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22878,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22880,371],{"class":51},[45,22882,56],{"class":55},[45,22884,60],{"class":59},[45,22886,64],{"class":63},[45,22888,68],{"class":67},[45,22890,64],{"class":63},[45,22892,73],{"class":59},[45,22894,76],{"class":63},[45,22896,79],{"class":67},[45,22898,64],{"class":63},[45,22900,84],{"class":59},[45,22902,76],{"class":63},[45,22904,89],{"class":67},[45,22906,64],{"class":63},[45,22908,73],{"class":59},[45,22910,403],{"class":96},[45,22912,118],{"class":59},[45,22914,22915],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,22916,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,22918,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,22920,153],{"class":152},[45,22922,156],{"class":59},[45,22924,172],{"class":171},[45,22926,156],{"class":59},[45,22928,446],{"class":135},[45,22930,132],{"class":59},[45,22932,1260],{"class":135},[45,22934,2041],{"class":59},[45,22936,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,22938,153],{"class":152},[45,22940,156],{"class":59},[45,22942,172],{"class":171},[45,22944,156],{"class":59},[45,22946,446],{"class":135},[45,22948,132],{"class":59},[45,22950,136],{"class":135},[45,22952,2041],{"class":59},[45,22954,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,22956,153],{"class":152},[45,22958,156],{"class":59},[45,22960,172],{"class":171},[45,22962,156],{"class":59},[45,22964,446],{"class":135},[45,22966,132],{"class":59},[45,22968,1289],{"class":135},[45,22970,2041],{"class":59},[20,22972,22973],{},[355,22974,182],{},[36,22976,22978],{"className":38,"code":22977,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22979,22980,23000,23016],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,22981,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,22983,223],{"class":59},[45,22985,198],{"class":63},[45,22987,68],{"class":67},[45,22989,198],{"class":63},[45,22991,84],{"class":59},[45,22993,211],{"class":63},[45,22995,89],{"class":67},[45,22997,198],{"class":63},[45,22999,244],{"class":59},[45,23001,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23003,223],{"class":59},[45,23005,198],{"class":63},[45,23007,79],{"class":67},[45,23009,198],{"class":63},[45,23011,84],{"class":59},[45,23013,403],{"class":96},[45,23015,244],{"class":59},[45,23017,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23019,21917],{"class":59},[45,23021,198],{"class":63},[45,23023,68],{"class":67},[45,23025,198],{"class":63},[45,23027,84],{"class":59},[45,23029,211],{"class":63},[45,23031,79],{"class":67},[45,23033,198],{"class":63},[45,23035,9450],{"class":59},[45,23037,9453],{"class":59},[45,23039,198],{"class":63},[45,23041,89],{"class":67},[45,23043,198],{"class":63},[45,23045,84],{"class":59},[45,23047,403],{"class":96},[45,23049,9466],{"class":59},[20,23051,23052],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[258,23054,23055,23063,23070],{},[261,23056,23057,23058],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[277,23059,23061],{"href":23060},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23062,327],{},[261,23064,23065,23066],{},"Need just values? Use ",[277,23067,23068],{"href":2197},[15,23069,17],{},[261,23071,23072,23073],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23074,335],{},[31,23076,5185,23078],{"id":23077},"when-to-use-items",[15,23079,335],{},[20,23081,23082,23084],{},[15,23083,335],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[258,23086,23087,23090,23093,23096,23099],{},[261,23088,23089],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[261,23091,23092],{},"Building formatted output",[261,23094,23095],{},"Looping through settings and values",[261,23097,23098],{},"Showing names with scores",[261,23100,23101],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23103,361],{},[36,23105,23107],{"className":38,"code":23106,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23108,23109,23117,23135,23154,23166,23170,23174,23195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23110,23111,23113,23115],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23112,14018],{"class":51},[45,23114,56],{"class":55},[45,23116,11695],{"class":59},[45,23118,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23120,11700],{"class":63},[45,23122,12696],{"class":67},[45,23124,64],{"class":63},[45,23126,73],{"class":59},[45,23128,76],{"class":63},[45,23130,12705],{"class":67},[45,23132,64],{"class":63},[45,23134,11716],{"class":59},[45,23136,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23150,23152],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23138,11700],{"class":63},[45,23140,20301],{"class":67},[45,23142,64],{"class":63},[45,23144,73],{"class":59},[45,23146,76],{"class":63},[45,23148,23149],{"class":67},"English",[45,23151,64],{"class":63},[45,23153,11716],{"class":59},[45,23155,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,23157,11700],{"class":63},[45,23159,18704],{"class":67},[45,23161,64],{"class":63},[45,23163,73],{"class":59},[45,23165,6643],{"class":4080},[45,23167,23168],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,23169,118],{"class":59},[45,23171,23172],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,23173,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23175,23176,23178,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,23177,855],{"class":921},[45,23179,23180],{"class":51}," setting",[45,23182,84],{"class":59},[45,23184,924],{"class":51},[45,23186,927],{"class":921},[45,23188,14062],{"class":51},[45,23190,132],{"class":59},[45,23192,1289],{"class":135},[45,23194,937],{"class":59},[45,23196,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23207,23210,23212,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,23198,942],{"class":152},[45,23200,156],{"class":59},[45,23202,22469],{"class":1597},[45,23204,64],{"class":67},[45,23206,9495],{"class":96},[45,23208,23209],{"class":135},"setting",[45,23211,22478],{"class":96},[45,23213,23214],{"class":67}," = ",[45,23216,9495],{"class":96},[45,23218,947],{"class":135},[45,23220,22478],{"class":96},[45,23222,64],{"class":67},[45,23224,161],{"class":59},[20,23226,23227],{},[355,23228,182],{},[36,23230,23232],{"className":38,"code":23231,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23233,23234,23244,23254],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23235,23236,23239,23241],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23237,23238],{"class":51},"theme ",[45,23240,56],{"class":55},[45,23242,23243],{"class":51}," dark\n",[45,23245,23246,23249,23251],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23247,23248],{"class":51},"language ",[45,23250,56],{"class":55},[45,23252,23253],{"class":51}," English\n",[45,23255,23256,23259,23261],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23257,23258],{"class":51},"notifications ",[45,23260,56],{"class":55},[45,23262,6643],{"class":4080},[31,23264,3061],{"id":3060},[20,23266,23267,23268,132],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23269,335],{},[1398,23271,23273,23274,23276],{"id":23272},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23275,335],{}," incorrectly",[20,23278,23279,23280,23282,23283,23286],{},"Each result from ",[15,23281,335],{}," has ",[355,23284,23285],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23288,6909],{},[36,23290,23291],{"className":38,"code":21709,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,23292,23293,23329,23333,23353],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23294,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23296,371],{"class":51},[45,23298,56],{"class":55},[45,23300,60],{"class":59},[45,23302,64],{"class":63},[45,23304,68],{"class":67},[45,23306,64],{"class":63},[45,23308,73],{"class":59},[45,23310,76],{"class":63},[45,23312,79],{"class":67},[45,23314,64],{"class":63},[45,23316,84],{"class":59},[45,23318,76],{"class":63},[45,23320,89],{"class":67},[45,23322,64],{"class":63},[45,23324,73],{"class":59},[45,23326,403],{"class":96},[45,23328,118],{"class":59},[45,23330,23331],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23332,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23334,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23336,855],{"class":921},[45,23338,21758],{"class":51},[45,23340,84],{"class":59},[45,23342,924],{"class":51},[45,23344,927],{"class":921},[45,23346,419],{"class":51},[45,23348,132],{"class":59},[45,23350,1289],{"class":135},[45,23352,937],{"class":59},[45,23354,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,23356,942],{"class":152},[45,23358,156],{"class":59},[45,23360,15034],{"class":135},[45,23362,84],{"class":59},[45,23364,8650],{"class":135},[45,23366,161],{"class":59},[20,23368,23369],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[36,23371,23373],{"className":38,"code":23372,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23374,23375,23411,23415,23431],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23376,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23378,371],{"class":51},[45,23380,56],{"class":55},[45,23382,60],{"class":59},[45,23384,64],{"class":63},[45,23386,68],{"class":67},[45,23388,64],{"class":63},[45,23390,73],{"class":59},[45,23392,76],{"class":63},[45,23394,79],{"class":67},[45,23396,64],{"class":63},[45,23398,84],{"class":59},[45,23400,76],{"class":63},[45,23402,89],{"class":67},[45,23404,64],{"class":63},[45,23406,73],{"class":59},[45,23408,403],{"class":96},[45,23410,118],{"class":59},[45,23412,23413],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23414,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23416,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23418,855],{"class":921},[45,23420,18390],{"class":51},[45,23422,927],{"class":921},[45,23424,419],{"class":51},[45,23426,132],{"class":59},[45,23428,1289],{"class":135},[45,23430,937],{"class":59},[45,23432,23433,23435,23437,23439],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,23434,942],{"class":152},[45,23436,156],{"class":59},[45,23438,15034],{"class":135},[45,23440,161],{"class":59},[20,23442,23443,23444,23446,23447,23450],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23445,15034],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23448,23449],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23452,23453],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[36,23455,23457],{"className":38,"code":23456,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23458,23459,23475],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23460,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23462,855],{"class":921},[45,23464,6181],{"class":51},[45,23466,927],{"class":921},[45,23468,419],{"class":51},[45,23470,132],{"class":59},[45,23472,1289],{"class":135},[45,23474,937],{"class":59},[45,23476,23477,23479,23481,23484],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23478,942],{"class":152},[45,23480,156],{"class":59},[45,23482,23483],{"class":135},"item",[45,23485,161],{"class":59},[20,23487,23488],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[36,23490,23492],{"className":38,"code":23491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23493,23494,23514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23495,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23497,855],{"class":921},[45,23499,21758],{"class":51},[45,23501,84],{"class":59},[45,23503,924],{"class":51},[45,23505,927],{"class":921},[45,23507,419],{"class":51},[45,23509,132],{"class":59},[45,23511,1289],{"class":135},[45,23513,937],{"class":59},[45,23515,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23517,942],{"class":152},[45,23519,156],{"class":59},[45,23521,15034],{"class":135},[45,23523,84],{"class":59},[45,23525,8650],{"class":135},[45,23527,161],{"class":59},[1398,23529,8670,23531,23533],{"id":23530},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23532,335],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23535,23536,347,23538,23540],{},[15,23537,335],{},[15,23539,1344],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23542,23543],{},"Check it:",[36,23545,23547],{"className":38,"code":23546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23548,23549,23581,23585,23599,23617],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23550,23551,23553,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23552,11925],{"class":51},[45,23554,56],{"class":55},[45,23556,60],{"class":59},[45,23558,64],{"class":63},[45,23560,277],{"class":67},[45,23562,64],{"class":63},[45,23564,73],{"class":59},[45,23566,1049],{"class":96},[45,23568,84],{"class":59},[45,23570,76],{"class":63},[45,23572,1930],{"class":67},[45,23574,64],{"class":63},[45,23576,73],{"class":59},[45,23578,1035],{"class":96},[45,23580,118],{"class":59},[45,23582,23583],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23584,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23586,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23588,153],{"class":152},[45,23590,156],{"class":59},[45,23592,294],{"class":135},[45,23594,132],{"class":59},[45,23596,1289],{"class":135},[45,23598,598],{"class":59},[45,23600,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,23602,153],{"class":152},[45,23604,156],{"class":59},[45,23606,1478],{"class":171},[45,23608,156],{"class":59},[45,23610,294],{"class":135},[45,23612,132],{"class":59},[45,23614,1289],{"class":135},[45,23616,2041],{"class":59},[45,23618,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,23620,153],{"class":152},[45,23622,156],{"class":59},[45,23624,172],{"class":171},[45,23626,156],{"class":59},[45,23628,294],{"class":135},[45,23630,132],{"class":59},[45,23632,1289],{"class":135},[45,23634,2041],{"class":59},[20,23636,23637],{},[355,23638,182],{},[36,23640,23642],{"className":38,"code":23641,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23643,23644,23676,23690],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23645,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23647,1344],{"class":135},[45,23649,1347],{"class":59},[45,23651,198],{"class":63},[45,23653,277],{"class":67},[45,23655,198],{"class":63},[45,23657,84],{"class":59},[45,23659,1049],{"class":96},[45,23661,9450],{"class":59},[45,23663,9453],{"class":59},[45,23665,198],{"class":63},[45,23667,1930],{"class":67},[45,23669,198],{"class":63},[45,23671,84],{"class":59},[45,23673,1035],{"class":96},[45,23675,1360],{"class":59},[45,23677,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23679,1594],{"class":55},[45,23681,1598],{"class":1597},[45,23683,211],{"class":63},[45,23685,1344],{"class":67},[45,23687,198],{"class":63},[45,23689,1607],{"class":55},[45,23691,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23693,21917],{"class":59},[45,23695,198],{"class":63},[45,23697,277],{"class":67},[45,23699,198],{"class":63},[45,23701,84],{"class":59},[45,23703,1049],{"class":96},[45,23705,9450],{"class":59},[45,23707,9453],{"class":59},[45,23709,198],{"class":63},[45,23711,1930],{"class":67},[45,23713,198],{"class":63},[45,23715,84],{"class":59},[45,23717,1035],{"class":96},[45,23719,9466],{"class":59},[1398,23721,23723,23724],{"id":23722},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23725,335],{},[20,23727,23728],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23730,23731],{},"Problem example:",[36,23733,23735],{"className":38,"code":23734,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23736,23737,23781,23785,23805,23817],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23738,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23740,3846],{"class":51},[45,23742,56],{"class":55},[45,23744,60],{"class":59},[45,23746,64],{"class":63},[45,23748,277],{"class":67},[45,23750,64],{"class":63},[45,23752,73],{"class":59},[45,23754,1049],{"class":96},[45,23756,84],{"class":59},[45,23758,76],{"class":63},[45,23760,1930],{"class":67},[45,23762,64],{"class":63},[45,23764,73],{"class":59},[45,23766,1035],{"class":96},[45,23768,84],{"class":59},[45,23770,76],{"class":63},[45,23772,9951],{"class":67},[45,23774,64],{"class":63},[45,23776,73],{"class":59},[45,23778,1063],{"class":96},[45,23780,118],{"class":59},[45,23782,23783],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23784,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23786,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23788,855],{"class":921},[45,23790,21758],{"class":51},[45,23792,84],{"class":59},[45,23794,924],{"class":51},[45,23796,927],{"class":921},[45,23798,4488],{"class":51},[45,23800,132],{"class":59},[45,23802,1289],{"class":135},[45,23804,937],{"class":59},[45,23806,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,23808,6619],{"class":921},[45,23810,924],{"class":51},[45,23812,4912],{"class":55},[45,23814,1035],{"class":96},[45,23816,6614],{"class":59},[45,23818,23819,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,23820,23821],{"class":51},"        numbers",[45,23823,223],{"class":59},[45,23825,64],{"class":63},[45,23827,18946],{"class":67},[45,23829,64],{"class":63},[45,23831,457],{"class":59},[45,23833,460],{"class":55},[45,23835,23836],{"class":96}," 4\n",[20,23838,23839],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23841,23842],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[36,23844,23846],{"className":38,"code":23845,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23847,23848,23892,23896,23921,23933,23951,23955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23849,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23851,3846],{"class":51},[45,23853,56],{"class":55},[45,23855,60],{"class":59},[45,23857,64],{"class":63},[45,23859,277],{"class":67},[45,23861,64],{"class":63},[45,23863,73],{"class":59},[45,23865,1049],{"class":96},[45,23867,84],{"class":59},[45,23869,76],{"class":63},[45,23871,1930],{"class":67},[45,23873,64],{"class":63},[45,23875,73],{"class":59},[45,23877,1035],{"class":96},[45,23879,84],{"class":59},[45,23881,76],{"class":63},[45,23883,9951],{"class":67},[45,23885,64],{"class":63},[45,23887,73],{"class":59},[45,23889,1063],{"class":96},[45,23891,118],{"class":59},[45,23893,23894],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,23895,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23897,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,23899,855],{"class":921},[45,23901,21758],{"class":51},[45,23903,84],{"class":59},[45,23905,924],{"class":51},[45,23907,927],{"class":921},[45,23909,587],{"class":171},[45,23911,156],{"class":59},[45,23913,3876],{"class":135},[45,23915,132],{"class":59},[45,23917,1289],{"class":135},[45,23919,23920],{"class":59},"()):\n",[45,23922,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,23924,6619],{"class":921},[45,23926,924],{"class":51},[45,23928,4912],{"class":55},[45,23930,1035],{"class":96},[45,23932,6614],{"class":59},[45,23934,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,23936,23821],{"class":51},[45,23938,223],{"class":59},[45,23940,64],{"class":63},[45,23942,18946],{"class":67},[45,23944,64],{"class":63},[45,23946,457],{"class":59},[45,23948,460],{"class":55},[45,23950,23836],{"class":96},[45,23952,23953],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,23954,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,23956,23957,23959,23961,23963],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,23958,153],{"class":152},[45,23960,156],{"class":59},[45,23962,3876],{"class":135},[45,23964,161],{"class":59},[1398,23966,23968],{"id":23967},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23970,23971],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[36,23973,23975],{"className":38,"code":23974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23976,23977,24009,24013,24029],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,23978,23979,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,23980,1909],{"class":51},[45,23982,56],{"class":55},[45,23984,60],{"class":59},[45,23986,64],{"class":63},[45,23988,2403],{"class":67},[45,23990,64],{"class":63},[45,23992,73],{"class":59},[45,23994,6225],{"class":96},[45,23996,84],{"class":59},[45,23998,76],{"class":63},[45,24000,11946],{"class":67},[45,24002,64],{"class":63},[45,24004,73],{"class":59},[45,24006,97],{"class":96},[45,24008,118],{"class":59},[45,24010,24011],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24012,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,24014,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,24016,855],{"class":921},[45,24018,6181],{"class":51},[45,24020,927],{"class":921},[45,24022,14759],{"class":51},[45,24024,132],{"class":59},[45,24026,1289],{"class":135},[45,24028,937],{"class":59},[45,24030,24031,24033,24035,24037],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,24032,942],{"class":152},[45,24034,156],{"class":59},[45,24036,23483],{"class":135},[45,24038,161],{"class":59},[20,24040,24041],{},[355,24042,182],{},[36,24044,24046],{"className":38,"code":24045,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24047,24048,24064],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24049,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058,24060,24062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24051,156],{"class":59},[45,24053,198],{"class":63},[45,24055,2403],{"class":67},[45,24057,198],{"class":63},[45,24059,84],{"class":59},[45,24061,6225],{"class":96},[45,24063,161],{"class":59},[45,24065,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24067,156],{"class":59},[45,24069,198],{"class":63},[45,24071,11946],{"class":67},[45,24073,198],{"class":63},[45,24075,84],{"class":59},[45,24077,97],{"class":96},[45,24079,161],{"class":59},[20,24081,24082,24083,24085],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24084,21832],{}," pair.",[31,24087,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,24089,24091,24092,2052],{"id":24090},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24093,335],{},[20,24095,2055,24096,24098],{},[15,24097,1344],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1398,24100,2062,24102,2065],{"id":24101},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24103,335],{},[20,24105,2068,24106,2072],{},[15,24107,24108],{},"list(my_dict.items())",[1398,24110,24112,24113,2079],{"id":24111},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24114,335],{},[20,24116,24117],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[36,24119,24121],{"className":38,"code":24120,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24122,24123,24143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24124,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139,24141],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24126,855],{"class":921},[45,24128,21758],{"class":51},[45,24130,84],{"class":59},[45,24132,924],{"class":51},[45,24134,927],{"class":921},[45,24136,11967],{"class":51},[45,24138,132],{"class":59},[45,24140,1289],{"class":135},[45,24142,937],{"class":59},[45,24144,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153,24155],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24146,942],{"class":152},[45,24148,156],{"class":59},[45,24150,15034],{"class":135},[45,24152,84],{"class":59},[45,24154,8650],{"class":135},[45,24156,161],{"class":59},[1398,24158,2062,24160,24162],{"id":24159},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24161,335],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24164,24165],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[31,24167,2114],{"id":2113},[258,24169,24170,24176,24182,24186,24190],{},[261,24171,24172],{},[277,24173,991,24174,994],{"href":23060},[15,24175,327],{},[261,24177,24178],{},[277,24179,991,24180,994],{"href":2197},[15,24181,17],{},[261,24183,24184],{},[277,24185,2144],{"href":22649},[261,24187,24188],{},[277,24189,9374],{"href":13222},[261,24191,24192],{},[277,24193,24194],{"href":21955},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2154,24196,24197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":24199},[24200,24201,24203,24204,24205,24207,24208,24210,24212,24221,24231],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":21815,"depth":121,"text":24202},"What items() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":22145,"depth":121,"text":22146},{"id":22370,"depth":121,"text":24206},"Looping with items()",{"id":22652,"depth":121,"text":22653},{"id":22843,"depth":121,"text":24209},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23077,"depth":121,"text":24211},"When to use items()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":24213},[24214,24216,24218,24220],{"id":23272,"depth":142,"text":24215},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23530,"depth":142,"text":24217},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23722,"depth":142,"text":24219},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23967,"depth":142,"text":23968},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":24222},[24223,24225,24227,24229],{"id":24090,"depth":142,"text":24224},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24101,"depth":142,"text":24226},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24111,"depth":142,"text":24228},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24159,"depth":142,"text":24230},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21685,"description":24232},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24239,"title":24240,"body":24241,"description":26318,"extension":2195,"meta":26319,"navigation":145,"path":23060,"seo":26320,"stem":26321,"__hash__":26322},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24242,"toc":26284},[24243,24248,24254,24257,24268,24275,24277,24360,24364,24411,24416,24421,24426,24428,24444,24446,24545,24549,24606,24609,24611,24614,24707,24711,24774,24777,24792,24797,24799,24801,24816,24818,24829,24831,24874,24877,24920,24923,24925,24931,24934,24951,24953,25041,25045,25086,25098,25102,25105,25193,25197,25217,25220,25247,25254,25259,25263,25274,25276,25380,25384,25410,25413,25480,25485,25488,25511,25516,25520,25525,25531,25536,25538,25593,25597,25624,25631,25637,25640,25665,25671,25697,25700,25775,25782,25787,25789,25828,25842,25846,25849,25892,25895,25897,25916,25918,25923,25948,25951,26021,26024,26097,26101,26103,26164,26167,26183,26185,26190,26195,26202,26211,26216,26221,26228,26234,26238,26243,26245,26281],[10,24244,13,24246,18],{"id":24245},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24247,327],{},[20,24249,24250,24251,24253],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24252,327],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24255,24256],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[258,24258,24259,24262,24265],{},[261,24260,24261],{},"view the available keys",[261,24263,24264],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[261,24266,24267],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24269,24270,24272,24273,132],{},[15,24271,327],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24274,1303],{},[31,24276,34],{"id":33},[36,24278,24280],{"className":38,"code":24279,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24281,24282,24318,24332,24336,24346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24283,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24285,52],{"class":51},[45,24287,56],{"class":55},[45,24289,60],{"class":59},[45,24291,64],{"class":63},[45,24293,68],{"class":67},[45,24295,64],{"class":63},[45,24297,73],{"class":59},[45,24299,76],{"class":63},[45,24301,79],{"class":67},[45,24303,64],{"class":63},[45,24305,84],{"class":59},[45,24307,76],{"class":63},[45,24309,89],{"class":67},[45,24311,64],{"class":63},[45,24313,73],{"class":59},[45,24315,97],{"class":96},[45,24317,118],{"class":59},[45,24319,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24321,17425],{"class":51},[45,24323,56],{"class":55},[45,24325,129],{"class":51},[45,24327,132],{"class":59},[45,24329,1260],{"class":135},[45,24331,139],{"class":59},[45,24333,24334],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,24335,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,24337,24338,24340,24342,24344],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,24339,153],{"class":152},[45,24341,156],{"class":59},[45,24343,1260],{"class":135},[45,24345,161],{"class":59},[45,24347,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,24349,153],{"class":152},[45,24351,156],{"class":59},[45,24353,172],{"class":171},[45,24355,156],{"class":59},[45,24357,1260],{"class":135},[45,24359,179],{"class":59},[20,24361,24362],{},[355,24363,182],{},[36,24365,24367],{"className":38,"code":24366,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24368,24369,24391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24370,24371,24373,24375,24377,24379,24381,24383,24385,24387,24389],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24372,1303],{"class":135},[45,24374,195],{"class":59},[45,24376,198],{"class":63},[45,24378,68],{"class":67},[45,24380,198],{"class":63},[45,24382,84],{"class":59},[45,24384,211],{"class":63},[45,24386,89],{"class":67},[45,24388,198],{"class":63},[45,24390,218],{"class":59},[45,24392,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24394,223],{"class":59},[45,24396,198],{"class":63},[45,24398,68],{"class":67},[45,24400,198],{"class":63},[45,24402,84],{"class":59},[45,24404,211],{"class":63},[45,24406,89],{"class":67},[45,24408,198],{"class":63},[45,24410,244],{"class":59},[20,24412,1006,24413,24415],{},[15,24414,327],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[31,24417,253,24419,256],{"id":24418},"what-keys-does",[15,24420,327],{},[20,24422,24423,24425],{},[15,24424,327],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24427,11663],{},[258,24429,24430,24433,24436,24441],{},[261,24431,24432],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[261,24434,24435],{},"It does not need any arguments",[261,24437,2055,24438,24440],{},[15,24439,1303],{}," view object, not a list",[261,24442,24443],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24445,361],{},[36,24447,24449],{"className":38,"code":24448,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24450,24451,24487,24491,24505,24509,24531],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24452,24453,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24454,371],{"class":51},[45,24456,56],{"class":55},[45,24458,60],{"class":59},[45,24460,64],{"class":63},[45,24462,68],{"class":67},[45,24464,64],{"class":63},[45,24466,73],{"class":59},[45,24468,76],{"class":63},[45,24470,13418],{"class":67},[45,24472,64],{"class":63},[45,24474,84],{"class":59},[45,24476,76],{"class":63},[45,24478,89],{"class":67},[45,24480,64],{"class":63},[45,24482,73],{"class":59},[45,24484,403],{"class":96},[45,24486,118],{"class":59},[45,24488,24489],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24490,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,24492,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,24494,153],{"class":152},[45,24496,156],{"class":59},[45,24498,446],{"class":135},[45,24500,132],{"class":59},[45,24502,1260],{"class":135},[45,24504,598],{"class":59},[45,24506,24507],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,24508,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,24510,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,24512,446],{"class":51},[45,24514,223],{"class":59},[45,24516,64],{"class":63},[45,24518,104],{"class":67},[45,24520,64],{"class":63},[45,24522,457],{"class":59},[45,24524,460],{"class":55},[45,24526,76],{"class":63},[45,24528,10627],{"class":67},[45,24530,468],{"class":63},[45,24532,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,24534,153],{"class":152},[45,24536,156],{"class":59},[45,24538,446],{"class":135},[45,24540,132],{"class":59},[45,24542,1260],{"class":135},[45,24544,598],{"class":59},[20,24546,24547],{},[355,24548,182],{},[36,24550,24552],{"className":38,"code":24551,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24553,24554,24576],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24555,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24557,1303],{"class":135},[45,24559,195],{"class":59},[45,24561,198],{"class":63},[45,24563,68],{"class":67},[45,24565,198],{"class":63},[45,24567,84],{"class":59},[45,24569,211],{"class":63},[45,24571,89],{"class":67},[45,24573,198],{"class":63},[45,24575,218],{"class":59},[45,24577,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24579,1303],{"class":135},[45,24581,195],{"class":59},[45,24583,198],{"class":63},[45,24585,68],{"class":67},[45,24587,198],{"class":63},[45,24589,84],{"class":59},[45,24591,211],{"class":63},[45,24593,89],{"class":67},[45,24595,198],{"class":63},[45,24597,84],{"class":59},[45,24599,211],{"class":63},[45,24601,104],{"class":67},[45,24603,198],{"class":63},[45,24605,218],{"class":59},[20,24607,24608],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[31,24610,6008],{"id":6007},[20,24612,24613],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[36,24615,24617],{"className":38,"code":24616,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24618,24619,24671,24675,24689],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24620,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24622,1909],{"class":51},[45,24624,56],{"class":55},[45,24626,60],{"class":59},[45,24628,64],{"class":63},[45,24630,68],{"class":67},[45,24632,64],{"class":63},[45,24634,73],{"class":59},[45,24636,76],{"class":63},[45,24638,79],{"class":67},[45,24640,64],{"class":63},[45,24642,84],{"class":59},[45,24644,76],{"class":63},[45,24646,89],{"class":67},[45,24648,64],{"class":63},[45,24650,73],{"class":59},[45,24652,97],{"class":96},[45,24654,84],{"class":59},[45,24656,76],{"class":63},[45,24658,20070],{"class":67},[45,24660,64],{"class":63},[45,24662,73],{"class":59},[45,24664,76],{"class":63},[45,24666,22420],{"class":67},[45,24668,64],{"class":63},[45,24670,118],{"class":59},[45,24672,24673],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24674,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,24676,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,24678,153],{"class":152},[45,24680,156],{"class":59},[45,24682,1947],{"class":135},[45,24684,132],{"class":59},[45,24686,1260],{"class":135},[45,24688,598],{"class":59},[45,24690,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,24692,153],{"class":152},[45,24694,156],{"class":59},[45,24696,172],{"class":171},[45,24698,156],{"class":59},[45,24700,1947],{"class":135},[45,24702,132],{"class":59},[45,24704,1260],{"class":135},[45,24706,2041],{"class":59},[20,24708,24709],{},[355,24710,182],{},[36,24712,24714],{"className":38,"code":24713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24715,24716,24746],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24717,24718,24720,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24719,1303],{"class":135},[45,24721,195],{"class":59},[45,24723,198],{"class":63},[45,24725,68],{"class":67},[45,24727,198],{"class":63},[45,24729,84],{"class":59},[45,24731,211],{"class":63},[45,24733,89],{"class":67},[45,24735,198],{"class":63},[45,24737,84],{"class":59},[45,24739,211],{"class":63},[45,24741,20070],{"class":67},[45,24743,198],{"class":63},[45,24745,218],{"class":59},[45,24747,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770,24772],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24749,223],{"class":59},[45,24751,198],{"class":63},[45,24753,68],{"class":67},[45,24755,198],{"class":63},[45,24757,84],{"class":59},[45,24759,211],{"class":63},[45,24761,89],{"class":67},[45,24763,198],{"class":63},[45,24765,84],{"class":59},[45,24767,211],{"class":63},[45,24769,20070],{"class":67},[45,24771,198],{"class":63},[45,24773,244],{"class":59},[20,24775,24776],{},"This shows two things:",[258,24778,24779,24786],{},[261,24780,24781,347,24784,839],{},[15,24782,24783],{},"data.keys()",[15,24785,1303],{},[261,24787,24788,24791],{},[15,24789,24790],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24793,9370,24794,132],{},[277,24795,24796],{"href":279},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[31,24798,5652],{"id":5651},[20,24800,2389],{},[36,24802,24804],{"className":38,"code":24803,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24805,24806],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24807,24808,24810,24812,24814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24809,294],{"class":51},[45,24811,132],{"class":59},[45,24813,1260],{"class":135},[45,24815,139],{"class":59},[20,24817,21977],{},[258,24819,24820,24823,24826],{},[261,24821,24822],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[261,24824,24825],{},"It takes no parameters",[261,24827,24828],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24830,16848],{},[36,24832,24834],{"className":38,"code":24833,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24835,24836,24860],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24837,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24839,52],{"class":51},[45,24841,56],{"class":55},[45,24843,60],{"class":59},[45,24845,64],{"class":63},[45,24847,68],{"class":67},[45,24849,64],{"class":63},[45,24851,73],{"class":59},[45,24853,76],{"class":63},[45,24855,79],{"class":67},[45,24857,64],{"class":63},[45,24859,118],{"class":59},[45,24861,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24863,153],{"class":152},[45,24865,156],{"class":59},[45,24867,1255],{"class":135},[45,24869,132],{"class":59},[45,24871,1260],{"class":135},[45,24873,598],{"class":59},[20,24875,24876],{},"Incorrect:",[36,24878,24880],{"className":38,"code":24879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24881,24882,24906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24883,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24885,52],{"class":51},[45,24887,56],{"class":55},[45,24889,60],{"class":59},[45,24891,64],{"class":63},[45,24893,68],{"class":67},[45,24895,64],{"class":63},[45,24897,73],{"class":59},[45,24899,76],{"class":63},[45,24901,79],{"class":67},[45,24903,64],{"class":63},[45,24905,118],{"class":59},[45,24907,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24909,153],{"class":152},[45,24911,156],{"class":59},[45,24913,1255],{"class":135},[45,24915,132],{"class":59},[45,24917,1260],{"class":1863},[45,24919,161],{"class":59},[20,24921,24922],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[31,24924,17601],{"id":17600},[20,24926,24927,347,24929,350],{},[15,24928,327],{},[15,24930,1303],{},[20,24932,24933],{},"This object:",[258,24935,24936,24939,24942,24948],{},[261,24937,24938],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[261,24940,24941],{},"can be used in a loop",[261,24943,24944,24945],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24946,24947],{},"list()",[261,24949,24950],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24952,361],{},[36,24954,24956],{"className":38,"code":24955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24957,24958,24995,24999,25013,25017,25027],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,24959,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988,24990,24993],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,24961,653],{"class":51},[45,24963,56],{"class":55},[45,24965,60],{"class":59},[45,24967,64],{"class":63},[45,24969,662],{"class":67},[45,24971,64],{"class":63},[45,24973,73],{"class":59},[45,24975,76],{"class":63},[45,24977,671],{"class":67},[45,24979,64],{"class":63},[45,24981,84],{"class":59},[45,24983,76],{"class":63},[45,24985,680],{"class":67},[45,24987,64],{"class":63},[45,24989,73],{"class":59},[45,24991,24992],{"class":96}," 2020",[45,24994,118],{"class":59},[45,24996,24997],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,24998,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,25000,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25002,716],{"class":51},[45,25004,56],{"class":55},[45,25006,721],{"class":51},[45,25008,132],{"class":59},[45,25010,1260],{"class":135},[45,25012,139],{"class":59},[45,25014,25015],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,25016,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,25018,25019,25021,25023,25025],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,25020,153],{"class":152},[45,25022,156],{"class":59},[45,25024,740],{"class":135},[45,25026,161],{"class":59},[45,25028,25029,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,25030,153],{"class":152},[45,25032,156],{"class":59},[45,25034,1478],{"class":171},[45,25036,156],{"class":59},[45,25038,740],{"class":135},[45,25040,179],{"class":59},[20,25042,25043],{},[355,25044,182],{},[36,25046,25048],{"className":38,"code":25047,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25049,25050,25072],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25051,25052,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25053,1303],{"class":135},[45,25055,195],{"class":59},[45,25057,198],{"class":63},[45,25059,662],{"class":67},[45,25061,198],{"class":63},[45,25063,84],{"class":59},[45,25065,211],{"class":63},[45,25067,680],{"class":67},[45,25069,198],{"class":63},[45,25071,218],{"class":59},[45,25073,25074,25076,25078,25080,25082,25084],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25075,1594],{"class":55},[45,25077,1598],{"class":1597},[45,25079,211],{"class":63},[45,25081,1303],{"class":67},[45,25083,198],{"class":63},[45,25085,1607],{"class":55},[20,25087,25088,25089,25093,25094,132],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[277,25090,991,25091,994],{"href":1377},[15,25092,17],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[277,25095,991,25096,994],{"href":332},[15,25097,335],{},[31,25099,25101],{"id":25100},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25103,25104],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[36,25106,25108],{"className":38,"code":25107,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25109,25110,25163,25167,25183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25111,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25159,25161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25113,52],{"class":51},[45,25115,56],{"class":55},[45,25117,60],{"class":59},[45,25119,64],{"class":63},[45,25121,68],{"class":67},[45,25123,64],{"class":63},[45,25125,73],{"class":59},[45,25127,76],{"class":63},[45,25129,79],{"class":67},[45,25131,64],{"class":63},[45,25133,84],{"class":59},[45,25135,76],{"class":63},[45,25137,89],{"class":67},[45,25139,64],{"class":63},[45,25141,73],{"class":59},[45,25143,97],{"class":96},[45,25145,84],{"class":59},[45,25147,76],{"class":63},[45,25149,15522],{"class":67},[45,25151,64],{"class":63},[45,25153,73],{"class":59},[45,25155,76],{"class":63},[45,25157,25158],{"class":67},"Math",[45,25160,64],{"class":63},[45,25162,118],{"class":59},[45,25164,25165],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25166,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,25168,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25170,855],{"class":921},[45,25172,18390],{"class":51},[45,25174,927],{"class":921},[45,25176,129],{"class":51},[45,25178,132],{"class":59},[45,25180,1260],{"class":135},[45,25182,937],{"class":59},[45,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,25186,942],{"class":152},[45,25188,156],{"class":59},[45,25190,15034],{"class":135},[45,25192,161],{"class":59},[20,25194,25195],{},[355,25196,182],{},[36,25198,25200],{"className":38,"code":25199,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25201,25202,25207,25212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25203,25204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25205,25206],{"class":51},"name\n",[45,25208,25209],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25210,25211],{"class":51},"age\n",[45,25213,25214],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25215,25216],{"class":51},"course\n",[20,25218,25219],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[36,25221,25223],{"className":38,"code":25222,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25224,25225,25237],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25226,25227,25229,25231,25233,25235],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25228,855],{"class":921},[45,25230,18390],{"class":51},[45,25232,927],{"class":921},[45,25234,129],{"class":51},[45,25236,6614],{"class":59},[45,25238,25239,25241,25243,25245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25240,942],{"class":152},[45,25242,156],{"class":59},[45,25244,15034],{"class":135},[45,25246,161],{"class":59},[20,25248,25249,25250,25253],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25251,25252],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[31,25255,5185,25257],{"id":25256},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25258,327],{},[20,25260,1006,25261,10811],{},[15,25262,327],{},[258,25264,25265,25268,25271],{},[261,25266,25267],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[261,25269,25270],{},"you want to display available fields",[261,25272,25273],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25275,361],{},[36,25277,25279],{"className":38,"code":25278,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25280,25281,25334,25338,25353,25370],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25282,25283,25286,25288,25290,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25303,25305,25307,25309,25312,25314,25316,25319,25321,25323,25326,25328,25330,25332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25284,25285],{"class":51},"product ",[45,25287,56],{"class":55},[45,25289,60],{"class":59},[45,25291,64],{"class":63},[45,25293,68],{"class":67},[45,25295,64],{"class":63},[45,25297,73],{"class":59},[45,25299,76],{"class":63},[45,25301,25302],{"class":67},"Book",[45,25304,64],{"class":63},[45,25306,84],{"class":59},[45,25308,76],{"class":63},[45,25310,25311],{"class":67},"price",[45,25313,64],{"class":63},[45,25315,73],{"class":59},[45,25317,25318],{"class":96}," 12.99",[45,25320,84],{"class":59},[45,25322,76],{"class":63},[45,25324,25325],{"class":67},"stock",[45,25327,64],{"class":63},[45,25329,73],{"class":59},[45,25331,4828],{"class":96},[45,25333,118],{"class":59},[45,25335,25336],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25337,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,25339,25340,25342,25344,25346,25349,25351],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25341,153],{"class":152},[45,25343,156],{"class":59},[45,25345,64],{"class":63},[45,25347,25348],{"class":67},"Available fields:",[45,25350,64],{"class":63},[45,25352,161],{"class":59},[45,25354,25355,25357,25359,25361,25364,25366,25368],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,25356,855],{"class":921},[45,25358,18390],{"class":51},[45,25360,927],{"class":921},[45,25362,25363],{"class":51}," product",[45,25365,132],{"class":59},[45,25367,1260],{"class":135},[45,25369,937],{"class":59},[45,25371,25372,25374,25376,25378],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,25373,942],{"class":152},[45,25375,156],{"class":59},[45,25377,15034],{"class":135},[45,25379,161],{"class":59},[20,25381,25382],{},[355,25383,182],{},[36,25385,25387],{"className":38,"code":25386,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25388,25389,25396,25400,25405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25390,25391,25394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25392,25393],{"class":51},"Available fields",[45,25395,6614],{"class":59},[45,25397,25398],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25399,25206],{"class":51},[45,25401,25402],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25403,25404],{"class":51},"price\n",[45,25406,25407],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,25408,25409],{"class":51},"stock\n",[20,25411,25412],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[36,25414,25416],{"className":38,"code":25415,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25417,25418,25454,25458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25419,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25421,25285],{"class":51},[45,25423,56],{"class":55},[45,25425,60],{"class":59},[45,25427,64],{"class":63},[45,25429,68],{"class":67},[45,25431,64],{"class":63},[45,25433,73],{"class":59},[45,25435,76],{"class":63},[45,25437,25302],{"class":67},[45,25439,64],{"class":63},[45,25441,84],{"class":59},[45,25443,76],{"class":63},[45,25445,25311],{"class":67},[45,25447,64],{"class":63},[45,25449,73],{"class":59},[45,25451,25318],{"class":96},[45,25453,118],{"class":59},[45,25455,25456],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25457,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,25459,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25461,153],{"class":152},[45,25463,156],{"class":59},[45,25465,64],{"class":63},[45,25467,68],{"class":67},[45,25469,64],{"class":63},[45,25471,21352],{"class":921},[45,25473,25363],{"class":135},[45,25475,132],{"class":59},[45,25477,1260],{"class":135},[45,25479,598],{"class":59},[20,25481,25482,25483,132],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25484,3831],{},[20,25486,25487],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[36,25489,25491],{"className":38,"code":25490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25492,25493],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25494,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25496,153],{"class":152},[45,25498,156],{"class":59},[45,25500,64],{"class":63},[45,25502,68],{"class":67},[45,25504,64],{"class":63},[45,25506,21352],{"class":921},[45,25508,25363],{"class":135},[45,25510,161],{"class":59},[20,25512,25513,25514,132],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[277,25515,21385],{"href":17336},[31,25517,25519],{"id":25518},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25521,25522,25523,132],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25524,327],{},[1398,25526,8670,25528,25530],{"id":25527},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25529,327],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25532,25533,25535],{},[15,25534,327],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25537,361],{},[36,25539,25541],{"className":38,"code":25540,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25542,25543,25579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25544,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25546,1909],{"class":51},[45,25548,56],{"class":55},[45,25550,60],{"class":59},[45,25552,64],{"class":63},[45,25554,68],{"class":67},[45,25556,64],{"class":63},[45,25558,73],{"class":59},[45,25560,76],{"class":63},[45,25562,79],{"class":67},[45,25564,64],{"class":63},[45,25566,84],{"class":59},[45,25568,76],{"class":63},[45,25570,89],{"class":67},[45,25572,64],{"class":63},[45,25574,73],{"class":59},[45,25576,97],{"class":96},[45,25578,118],{"class":59},[45,25580,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25582,153],{"class":152},[45,25584,156],{"class":59},[45,25586,1947],{"class":135},[45,25588,132],{"class":59},[45,25590,1260],{"class":135},[45,25592,598],{"class":59},[20,25594,25595],{},[355,25596,182],{},[36,25598,25600],{"className":38,"code":25599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25601,25602],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25603,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25605,1303],{"class":135},[45,25607,195],{"class":59},[45,25609,198],{"class":63},[45,25611,68],{"class":67},[45,25613,198],{"class":63},[45,25615,84],{"class":59},[45,25617,211],{"class":63},[45,25619,89],{"class":67},[45,25621,198],{"class":63},[45,25623,218],{"class":59},[20,25625,25626,25627,132],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[277,25628,25629],{"href":332},[15,25630,335],{},[1398,25632,25634,25635],{"id":25633},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25636,1303],{},[20,25638,25639],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[36,25641,25643],{"className":38,"code":25642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25644,25645],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25646,25647,25649,25651,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25648,223],{"class":59},[45,25650,198],{"class":63},[45,25652,68],{"class":67},[45,25654,198],{"class":63},[45,25656,84],{"class":59},[45,25658,211],{"class":63},[45,25660,89],{"class":67},[45,25662,198],{"class":63},[45,25664,244],{"class":59},[20,25666,25667,25668,25670],{},"But ",[15,25669,327],{}," returns:",[36,25672,25673],{"className":38,"code":25599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,25674,25675],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25676,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25678,1303],{"class":135},[45,25680,195],{"class":59},[45,25682,198],{"class":63},[45,25684,68],{"class":67},[45,25686,198],{"class":63},[45,25688,84],{"class":59},[45,25690,211],{"class":63},[45,25692,89],{"class":67},[45,25694,198],{"class":63},[45,25696,218],{"class":59},[20,25698,25699],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[36,25701,25703],{"className":38,"code":25702,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25704,25705,25741,25760,25764],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25706,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25708,1909],{"class":51},[45,25710,56],{"class":55},[45,25712,60],{"class":59},[45,25714,64],{"class":63},[45,25716,68],{"class":67},[45,25718,64],{"class":63},[45,25720,73],{"class":59},[45,25722,76],{"class":63},[45,25724,79],{"class":67},[45,25726,64],{"class":63},[45,25728,84],{"class":59},[45,25730,76],{"class":63},[45,25732,89],{"class":67},[45,25734,64],{"class":63},[45,25736,73],{"class":59},[45,25738,97],{"class":96},[45,25740,118],{"class":59},[45,25742,25743,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25744,25745],{"class":51},"key_list ",[45,25747,56],{"class":55},[45,25749,587],{"class":171},[45,25751,156],{"class":59},[45,25753,1947],{"class":135},[45,25755,132],{"class":59},[45,25757,1260],{"class":135},[45,25759,598],{"class":59},[45,25761,25762],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,25763,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,25765,25766,25768,25770,25773],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,25767,153],{"class":152},[45,25769,156],{"class":59},[45,25771,25772],{"class":135},"key_list",[45,25774,161],{"class":59},[1398,25776,25778,25779,25781],{"id":25777},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25780,327],{}," on a list or string",[20,25783,25784,25786],{},[15,25785,327],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25788,3068],{},[36,25790,25792],{"className":38,"code":25791,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25793,25794,25814],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25795,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25797,3846],{"class":51},[45,25799,56],{"class":55},[45,25801,1427],{"class":59},[45,25803,1430],{"class":96},[45,25805,84],{"class":59},[45,25807,1035],{"class":96},[45,25809,84],{"class":59},[45,25811,1063],{"class":96},[45,25813,244],{"class":59},[45,25815,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25817,153],{"class":152},[45,25819,156],{"class":59},[45,25821,3876],{"class":135},[45,25823,132],{"class":59},[45,25825,1260],{"class":135},[45,25827,598],{"class":59},[20,25829,25830,25831,25833,25834,25836,25837,132],{},"You may get an ",[15,25832,1490],{}," because lists do not have a ",[15,25835,327],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[277,25838,1495,25839,25841],{"href":1494},[15,25840,1498],{}," errors in Python",[1398,25843,25845],{"id":25844},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25847,25848],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[36,25850,25852],{"className":38,"code":25851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25853,25854,25878],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25855,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25857,1909],{"class":51},[45,25859,56],{"class":55},[45,25861,60],{"class":59},[45,25863,64],{"class":63},[45,25865,68],{"class":67},[45,25867,64],{"class":63},[45,25869,73],{"class":59},[45,25871,76],{"class":63},[45,25873,79],{"class":67},[45,25875,64],{"class":63},[45,25877,118],{"class":59},[45,25879,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25881,153],{"class":152},[45,25883,156],{"class":59},[45,25885,1947],{"class":135},[45,25887,132],{"class":59},[45,25889,1260],{"class":1863},[45,25891,161],{"class":59},[20,25893,25894],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25896,1363],{},[36,25898,25900],{"className":38,"code":25899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25901,25902],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25903,25904,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25905,153],{"class":152},[45,25907,156],{"class":59},[45,25909,1947],{"class":135},[45,25911,132],{"class":59},[45,25913,1260],{"class":135},[45,25915,598],{"class":59},[31,25917,3061],{"id":3060},[20,25919,25920,25921,73],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25922,327],{},[258,25924,25925,25930,25936,25942],{},[261,25926,1797,25927,25929],{},[15,25928,327],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[261,25931,25932,25933,25935],{},"Thinking ",[15,25934,327],{}," returns values too",[261,25937,25938,25939,25941],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25940,1303],{}," like a normal list",[261,25943,25944,25945,25947],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25946,1303],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25949,25950],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[36,25952,25954],{"className":38,"code":25953,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25955,25956,25988,26002,26006,26016],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,25957,25958,25960,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,25959,1909],{"class":51},[45,25961,56],{"class":55},[45,25963,60],{"class":59},[45,25965,64],{"class":63},[45,25967,277],{"class":67},[45,25969,64],{"class":63},[45,25971,73],{"class":59},[45,25973,1049],{"class":96},[45,25975,84],{"class":59},[45,25977,76],{"class":63},[45,25979,1930],{"class":67},[45,25981,64],{"class":63},[45,25983,73],{"class":59},[45,25985,1035],{"class":96},[45,25987,118],{"class":59},[45,25989,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,25991,17425],{"class":51},[45,25993,56],{"class":55},[45,25995,14759],{"class":51},[45,25997,132],{"class":59},[45,25999,1260],{"class":135},[45,26001,139],{"class":59},[45,26003,26004],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26005,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26007,26008,26010,26012,26014],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26009,153],{"class":152},[45,26011,156],{"class":59},[45,26013,1260],{"class":135},[45,26015,161],{"class":59},[45,26017,26018],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,26019,26020],{"class":1712},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26022,26023],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[36,26025,26027],{"className":38,"code":26026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26028,26029,26061,26079,26083],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26030,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26032,1909],{"class":51},[45,26034,56],{"class":55},[45,26036,60],{"class":59},[45,26038,64],{"class":63},[45,26040,277],{"class":67},[45,26042,64],{"class":63},[45,26044,73],{"class":59},[45,26046,1049],{"class":96},[45,26048,84],{"class":59},[45,26050,76],{"class":63},[45,26052,1930],{"class":67},[45,26054,64],{"class":63},[45,26056,73],{"class":59},[45,26058,1035],{"class":96},[45,26060,118],{"class":59},[45,26062,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26064,17425],{"class":51},[45,26066,56],{"class":55},[45,26068,587],{"class":171},[45,26070,156],{"class":59},[45,26072,1947],{"class":135},[45,26074,132],{"class":59},[45,26076,1260],{"class":135},[45,26078,598],{"class":59},[45,26080,26081],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26082,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26084,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26086,153],{"class":152},[45,26088,156],{"class":59},[45,26090,1260],{"class":135},[45,26092,223],{"class":59},[45,26094,1117],{"class":96},[45,26096,218],{"class":59},[31,26098,26100],{"id":26099},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26102,11320],{},[36,26104,26106],{"className":38,"code":26105,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26107,26108,26122,26132,26146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26109,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26111,153],{"class":152},[45,26113,156],{"class":59},[45,26115,1478],{"class":171},[45,26117,156],{"class":59},[45,26119,294],{"class":135},[45,26121,179],{"class":59},[45,26123,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26125,153],{"class":152},[45,26127,156],{"class":59},[45,26129,294],{"class":135},[45,26131,161],{"class":59},[45,26133,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26135,153],{"class":152},[45,26137,156],{"class":59},[45,26139,294],{"class":135},[45,26141,132],{"class":59},[45,26143,1260],{"class":135},[45,26145,598],{"class":59},[45,26147,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156,26158,26160,26162],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26149,153],{"class":152},[45,26151,156],{"class":59},[45,26153,172],{"class":171},[45,26155,156],{"class":59},[45,26157,294],{"class":135},[45,26159,132],{"class":59},[45,26161,1260],{"class":135},[45,26163,2041],{"class":59},[20,26165,26166],{},"These help you confirm:",[258,26168,26169,26172,26175,26180],{},[261,26170,26171],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[261,26173,26174],{},"what data it contains",[261,26176,26177,26178,342],{},"what ",[15,26179,327],{},[261,26181,26182],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[31,26184,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,26186,24091,26188,2052],{"id":26187},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26189,327],{},[20,26191,2055,26192,26194],{},[15,26193,1303],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1398,26196,15096,26198,26201],{"id":26197},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26199,26200],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26203,26204,26205,26207,26208,132],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26206,1303],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26209,26210],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1398,26212,2076,26214,2079],{"id":26213},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys",[15,26215,26200],{},[20,26217,26218,26219,856],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26220,855],{},[1398,26222,26224,26225,26227],{"id":26223},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26226,327],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26229,26230,26231,26233],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26232,327],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1398,26235,26237],{"id":26236},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26239,1006,26240,132],{},[15,26241,26242],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[31,26244,2114],{"id":2113},[258,26246,26247,26252,26258,26264,26270,26274],{},[261,26248,26249],{},[277,26250,26251],{"href":279},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[261,26253,26254],{},[277,26255,991,26256,994],{"href":1377},[15,26257,17],{},[261,26259,26260],{},[277,26261,991,26262,994],{"href":332},[15,26263,335],{},[261,26265,26266],{},[277,26267,26269],{"href":26268},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[261,26271,26272],{},[277,26273,17337],{"href":17336},[261,26275,26276],{},[277,26277,26278,26279,25841],{"href":1494},"How to fix ",[15,26280,1498],{},[2154,26282,26283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":26285},[26286,26287,26289,26290,26291,26292,26293,26295,26304,26305,26306,26317],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":24418,"depth":121,"text":26288},"What keys() does",{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":5651,"depth":121,"text":5652},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":25100,"depth":121,"text":25101},{"id":25256,"depth":121,"text":26294},"When to use keys()",{"id":25518,"depth":121,"text":25519,"children":26296},[26297,26299,26301,26303],{"id":25527,"depth":142,"text":26298},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25633,"depth":142,"text":26300},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25777,"depth":142,"text":26302},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25844,"depth":142,"text":25845},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":26099,"depth":121,"text":26100},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":26307},[26308,26310,26312,26314,26316],{"id":26187,"depth":142,"text":26309},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26197,"depth":142,"text":26311},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26213,"depth":142,"text":26313},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26223,"depth":142,"text":26315},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26236,"depth":142,"text":26237},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24240,"description":26318},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26324,"title":26325,"body":26326,"description":28599,"extension":2195,"meta":28600,"navigation":145,"path":28601,"seo":28602,"stem":28603,"__hash__":28604},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26327,"toc":28552},[26328,26333,26338,26341,26343,26489,26502,26507,26511,26525,26527,26630,26639,26641,26644,26682,26707,26709,26816,26818,26825,26828,26836,26838,26979,26987,26992,26996,27007,27009,27171,27174,27182,27189,27195,27292,27298,27375,27378,27390,27395,27401,27404,27408,27497,27500,27504,27608,27615,27702,27711,27713,27718,27724,27727,27773,27776,27842,27851,27857,27950,27956,27962,28005,28008,28073,28079,28171,28174,28178,28184,28209,28212,28308,28315,28317,28322,28413,28415,28443,28448,28450,28457,28460,28464,28474,28479,28482,28489,28499,28506,28514,28516,28549],[10,26329,13,26331,18],{"id":26330},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26332,12964],{},[20,26334,26335,26337],{},[15,26336,12771],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26339,26340],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[31,26342,3836],{"id":3835},[36,26344,26346],{"className":38,"code":26345,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26347,26348,26384,26408,26422,26435,26439,26444,26476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26349,26350,26352,26354,26356,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26351,371],{"class":51},[45,26353,56],{"class":55},[45,26355,60],{"class":59},[45,26357,64],{"class":63},[45,26359,68],{"class":67},[45,26361,64],{"class":63},[45,26363,73],{"class":59},[45,26365,76],{"class":63},[45,26367,79],{"class":67},[45,26369,64],{"class":63},[45,26371,84],{"class":59},[45,26373,76],{"class":63},[45,26375,89],{"class":67},[45,26377,64],{"class":63},[45,26379,73],{"class":59},[45,26381,403],{"class":96},[45,26383,118],{"class":59},[45,26385,26386,26389,26391,26393,26395,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26387,26388],{"class":51},"removed_age ",[45,26390,56],{"class":55},[45,26392,419],{"class":51},[45,26394,132],{"class":59},[45,26396,26397],{"class":135},"pop",[45,26399,156],{"class":59},[45,26401,64],{"class":63},[45,26403,89],{"class":67},[45,26405,64],{"class":63},[45,26407,161],{"class":59},[45,26409,26410,26412,26414,26417,26419],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26411,153],{"class":152},[45,26413,156],{"class":59},[45,26415,26416],{"class":135},"removed_age",[45,26418,3889],{"class":59},[45,26420,26421],{"class":1712},"   # 25\n",[45,26423,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26425,153],{"class":152},[45,26427,156],{"class":59},[45,26429,446],{"class":135},[45,26431,3889],{"class":59},[45,26433,26434],{"class":1712},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[45,26436,26437],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,26438,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26440,26441],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,26442,26443],{"class":1712},"# Safe version with default value\n",[45,26445,26446,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26472,26474],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,26447,26448],{"class":51},"country ",[45,26450,56],{"class":55},[45,26452,419],{"class":51},[45,26454,132],{"class":59},[45,26456,26397],{"class":135},[45,26458,156],{"class":59},[45,26460,64],{"class":63},[45,26462,15455],{"class":67},[45,26464,64],{"class":63},[45,26466,84],{"class":59},[45,26468,76],{"class":63},[45,26470,26471],{"class":67},"Not found",[45,26473,64],{"class":63},[45,26475,161],{"class":59},[45,26477,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,26479,153],{"class":152},[45,26481,156],{"class":59},[45,26483,15455],{"class":135},[45,26485,3889],{"class":59},[45,26487,26488],{"class":1712},"       # Not found\n",[20,26490,1006,26491,26494,26495,26498,26499,26501],{},[15,26492,26493],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26496,26497],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26500,19866],{}," when the key might not exist.",[31,26503,253,26505,256],{"id":26504},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26506,12771],{},[20,26508,26509,73],{},[15,26510,12771],{},[258,26512,26513,26516,26519,26522],{},[261,26514,26515],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[261,26517,26518],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[261,26520,26521],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[261,26523,26524],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26526,361],{},[36,26528,26530],{"className":38,"code":26529,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26531,26532,26572,26576,26599,26603,26617],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26533,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26535,11690],{"class":51},[45,26537,56],{"class":55},[45,26539,60],{"class":59},[45,26541,64],{"class":63},[45,26543,68],{"class":67},[45,26545,64],{"class":63},[45,26547,73],{"class":59},[45,26549,76],{"class":63},[45,26551,13418],{"class":67},[45,26553,64],{"class":63},[45,26555,84],{"class":59},[45,26557,76],{"class":63},[45,26559,104],{"class":67},[45,26561,64],{"class":63},[45,26563,73],{"class":59},[45,26565,76],{"class":63},[45,26567,10627],{"class":67},[45,26569,64],{"class":63},[45,26571,118],{"class":59},[45,26573,26574],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26575,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26577,26578,26581,26583,26585,26587,26589,26591,26593,26595,26597],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26579,26580],{"class":51},"removed_city ",[45,26582,56],{"class":55},[45,26584,11773],{"class":51},[45,26586,132],{"class":59},[45,26588,26397],{"class":135},[45,26590,156],{"class":59},[45,26592,64],{"class":63},[45,26594,104],{"class":67},[45,26596,64],{"class":63},[45,26598,161],{"class":59},[45,26600,26601],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26602,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26604,26605,26607,26609,26612,26614],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,26606,153],{"class":152},[45,26608,156],{"class":59},[45,26610,26611],{"class":135},"removed_city",[45,26613,3889],{"class":59},[45,26615,26616],{"class":1712},"  # Paris\n",[45,26618,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,26620,153],{"class":152},[45,26622,156],{"class":59},[45,26624,11784],{"class":135},[45,26626,3889],{"class":59},[45,26628,26629],{"class":1712},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26631,20949,26632,26635,26636,132],{},[15,26633,26634],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26637,26638],{},"\"Paris\"",[31,26640,284],{"id":283},[20,26642,26643],{},"There are two common forms:",[36,26645,26647],{"className":38,"code":26646,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26648,26649,26663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26650,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26652,294],{"class":51},[45,26654,132],{"class":59},[45,26656,26397],{"class":135},[45,26658,156],{"class":59},[45,26660,15034],{"class":135},[45,26662,161],{"class":59},[45,26664,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26680],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26666,294],{"class":51},[45,26668,132],{"class":59},[45,26670,26397],{"class":135},[45,26672,156],{"class":59},[45,26674,15034],{"class":135},[45,26676,84],{"class":59},[45,26678,26679],{"class":135}," default",[45,26681,161],{"class":59},[258,26683,26684,26690,26698,26704],{},[261,26685,26686,26689],{},[15,26687,26688],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[261,26691,26692,26694,26695,26697],{},[15,26693,26688],{}," raises ",[15,26696,19866],{}," if the key is missing",[261,26699,26700,26703],{},[15,26701,26702],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[261,26705,26706],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26708,361],{},[36,26710,26712],{"className":38,"code":26711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26713,26714,26746,26750,26775,26803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26715,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26717,866],{"class":51},[45,26719,56],{"class":55},[45,26721,60],{"class":59},[45,26723,64],{"class":63},[45,26725,875],{"class":67},[45,26727,64],{"class":63},[45,26729,73],{"class":59},[45,26731,882],{"class":96},[45,26733,84],{"class":59},[45,26735,76],{"class":63},[45,26737,903],{"class":67},[45,26739,64],{"class":63},[45,26741,73],{"class":59},[45,26743,896],{"class":96},[45,26745,118],{"class":59},[45,26747,26748],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26749,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26751,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26753,153],{"class":152},[45,26755,156],{"class":59},[45,26757,16582],{"class":135},[45,26759,132],{"class":59},[45,26761,26397],{"class":135},[45,26763,156],{"class":59},[45,26765,64],{"class":63},[45,26767,875],{"class":67},[45,26769,64],{"class":63},[45,26771,5582],{"class":59},[45,26773,26774],{"class":1712},"         # 90\n",[45,26776,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26778,153],{"class":152},[45,26780,156],{"class":59},[45,26782,16582],{"class":135},[45,26784,132],{"class":59},[45,26786,26397],{"class":135},[45,26788,156],{"class":59},[45,26790,64],{"class":63},[45,26792,18614],{"class":67},[45,26794,64],{"class":63},[45,26796,84],{"class":59},[45,26798,4061],{"class":96},[45,26800,5582],{"class":59},[45,26802,20946],{"class":1712},[45,26804,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,26806,153],{"class":152},[45,26808,156],{"class":59},[45,26810,16582],{"class":135},[45,26812,3889],{"class":59},[45,26814,26815],{"class":1712},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[31,26817,17601],{"id":17600},[20,26819,26820,14246,26822,26824],{},[15,26821,12964],{},[355,26823,4854],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26826,26827],{},"Instead, it returns:",[258,26829,26830,26833],{},[261,26831,26832],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[261,26834,26835],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26837,361],{},[36,26839,26841],{"className":38,"code":26840,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26842,26843,26875,26879,26902,26934,26938,26952,26966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,26844,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,26846,1909],{"class":51},[45,26848,56],{"class":55},[45,26850,60],{"class":59},[45,26852,64],{"class":63},[45,26854,277],{"class":67},[45,26856,64],{"class":63},[45,26858,73],{"class":59},[45,26860,6225],{"class":96},[45,26862,84],{"class":59},[45,26864,76],{"class":63},[45,26866,1930],{"class":67},[45,26868,64],{"class":63},[45,26870,73],{"class":59},[45,26872,97],{"class":96},[45,26874,118],{"class":59},[45,26876,26877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,26878,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26880,26881,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,26882,26883],{"class":51},"result1 ",[45,26885,56],{"class":55},[45,26887,14759],{"class":51},[45,26889,132],{"class":59},[45,26891,26397],{"class":135},[45,26893,156],{"class":59},[45,26895,64],{"class":63},[45,26897,277],{"class":67},[45,26899,64],{"class":63},[45,26901,161],{"class":59},[45,26903,26904,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26917,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26930,26932],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,26905,26906],{"class":51},"result2 ",[45,26908,56],{"class":55},[45,26910,14759],{"class":51},[45,26912,132],{"class":59},[45,26914,26397],{"class":135},[45,26916,156],{"class":59},[45,26918,64],{"class":63},[45,26920,9951],{"class":67},[45,26922,64],{"class":63},[45,26924,84],{"class":59},[45,26926,76],{"class":63},[45,26928,26929],{"class":67},"missing",[45,26931,64],{"class":63},[45,26933,161],{"class":59},[45,26935,26936],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,26937,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,26939,26940,26942,26944,26947,26949],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,26941,153],{"class":152},[45,26943,156],{"class":59},[45,26945,26946],{"class":135},"result1",[45,26948,3889],{"class":59},[45,26950,26951],{"class":1712},"  # 10\n",[45,26953,26954,26956,26958,26961,26963],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,26955,153],{"class":152},[45,26957,156],{"class":59},[45,26959,26960],{"class":135},"result2",[45,26962,3889],{"class":59},[45,26964,26965],{"class":1712},"  # missing\n",[45,26967,26968,26970,26972,26974,26976],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,26969,153],{"class":152},[45,26971,156],{"class":59},[45,26973,1947],{"class":135},[45,26975,3889],{"class":59},[45,26977,26978],{"class":1712},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26980,26981,26982,6852],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[277,26983,26984],{"href":10945},[15,26985,26986],{},"dict.get()",[31,26988,5185,26990],{"id":26989},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26991,12964],{},[20,26993,1006,26994,10811],{},[15,26995,12964],{},[258,26997,26998,27001,27004],{},[261,26999,27000],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[261,27002,27003],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[261,27005,27006],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27008,361],{},[36,27010,27012],{"className":38,"code":27011,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27013,27014,27066,27070,27097,27101,27125,27129,27143,27157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27015,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27045,27047,27050,27052,27054,27057,27059,27061,27064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27017,25285],{"class":51},[45,27019,56],{"class":55},[45,27021,60],{"class":59},[45,27023,64],{"class":63},[45,27025,68],{"class":67},[45,27027,64],{"class":63},[45,27029,73],{"class":59},[45,27031,76],{"class":63},[45,27033,27034],{"class":67},"Laptop",[45,27036,64],{"class":63},[45,27038,84],{"class":59},[45,27040,76],{"class":63},[45,27042,25311],{"class":67},[45,27044,64],{"class":63},[45,27046,73],{"class":59},[45,27048,27049],{"class":96}," 1200",[45,27051,84],{"class":59},[45,27053,76],{"class":63},[45,27055,27056],{"class":67},"discount",[45,27058,64],{"class":63},[45,27060,73],{"class":59},[45,27062,27063],{"class":96}," 200",[45,27065,118],{"class":59},[45,27067,27068],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27069,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27071,27072,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27073,27074],{"class":51},"discount_amount ",[45,27076,56],{"class":55},[45,27078,25363],{"class":51},[45,27080,132],{"class":59},[45,27082,26397],{"class":135},[45,27084,156],{"class":59},[45,27086,64],{"class":63},[45,27088,27056],{"class":67},[45,27090,64],{"class":63},[45,27092,84],{"class":59},[45,27094,4061],{"class":96},[45,27096,161],{"class":59},[45,27098,27099],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27100,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27102,27103,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27104,27105],{"class":51},"final_price ",[45,27107,56],{"class":55},[45,27109,25363],{"class":51},[45,27111,223],{"class":59},[45,27113,64],{"class":63},[45,27115,25311],{"class":67},[45,27117,64],{"class":63},[45,27119,457],{"class":59},[45,27121,2452],{"class":55},[45,27123,27124],{"class":51}," discount_amount\n",[45,27126,27127],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,27128,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27130,27131,27133,27135,27138,27140],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,27132,153],{"class":152},[45,27134,156],{"class":59},[45,27136,27137],{"class":135},"discount_amount",[45,27139,3889],{"class":59},[45,27141,27142],{"class":1712},"  # 200\n",[45,27144,27145,27147,27149,27152,27154],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,27146,153],{"class":152},[45,27148,156],{"class":59},[45,27150,27151],{"class":135},"final_price",[45,27153,3889],{"class":59},[45,27155,27156],{"class":1712},"      # 1000\n",[45,27158,27159,27161,27163,27166,27168],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,27160,153],{"class":152},[45,27162,156],{"class":59},[45,27164,27165],{"class":135},"product",[45,27167,3889],{"class":59},[45,27169,27170],{"class":1712},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27172,27173],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[31,27175,27177,1174,27179],{"id":27176},"pop-vs-del",[15,27178,12964],{},[15,27180,27181],{},"del",[20,27183,10800,27184,329,27186,27188],{},[15,27185,12964],{},[15,27187,27181],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1398,27190,1006,27192,27194],{"id":27191},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27193,12964],{}," when you need the removed value",[36,27196,27198],{"className":38,"code":27197,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27199,27200,27236,27240,27262,27266,27279],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27201,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27203,371],{"class":51},[45,27205,56],{"class":55},[45,27207,60],{"class":59},[45,27209,64],{"class":63},[45,27211,68],{"class":67},[45,27213,64],{"class":63},[45,27215,73],{"class":59},[45,27217,76],{"class":63},[45,27219,79],{"class":67},[45,27221,64],{"class":63},[45,27223,84],{"class":59},[45,27225,76],{"class":63},[45,27227,89],{"class":67},[45,27229,64],{"class":63},[45,27231,73],{"class":59},[45,27233,403],{"class":96},[45,27235,118],{"class":59},[45,27237,27238],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27239,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27241,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27243,21805],{"class":51},[45,27245,56],{"class":55},[45,27247,419],{"class":51},[45,27249,132],{"class":59},[45,27251,26397],{"class":135},[45,27253,156],{"class":59},[45,27255,64],{"class":63},[45,27257,89],{"class":67},[45,27259,64],{"class":63},[45,27261,161],{"class":59},[45,27263,27264],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27265,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27267,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27269,153],{"class":152},[45,27271,156],{"class":59},[45,27273,89],{"class":135},[45,27275,3889],{"class":59},[45,27277,27278],{"class":1712},"     # 25\n",[45,27280,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,27282,153],{"class":152},[45,27284,156],{"class":59},[45,27286,446],{"class":135},[45,27288,3889],{"class":59},[45,27290,27291],{"class":1712},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1398,27293,1006,27295,27297],{"id":27294},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27296,27181],{}," when you only want deletion",[36,27299,27301],{"className":38,"code":27300,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27302,27303,27339,27343,27359,27363],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27304,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317,27319,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27306,371],{"class":51},[45,27308,56],{"class":55},[45,27310,60],{"class":59},[45,27312,64],{"class":63},[45,27314,68],{"class":67},[45,27316,64],{"class":63},[45,27318,73],{"class":59},[45,27320,76],{"class":63},[45,27322,79],{"class":67},[45,27324,64],{"class":63},[45,27326,84],{"class":59},[45,27328,76],{"class":63},[45,27330,89],{"class":67},[45,27332,64],{"class":63},[45,27334,73],{"class":59},[45,27336,403],{"class":96},[45,27338,118],{"class":59},[45,27340,27341],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27342,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27344,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27346,27181],{"class":921},[45,27348,419],{"class":51},[45,27350,223],{"class":59},[45,27352,64],{"class":63},[45,27354,89],{"class":67},[45,27356,64],{"class":63},[45,27358,244],{"class":59},[45,27360,27361],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27362,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27364,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27366,153],{"class":152},[45,27368,156],{"class":59},[45,27370,446],{"class":135},[45,27372,3889],{"class":59},[45,27374,27291],{"class":1712},[20,27376,27377],{},"Difference:",[258,27379,27380,27385],{},[261,27381,27382,27384],{},[15,27383,12964],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[261,27386,27387,27389],{},[15,27388,27181],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27391,27392,27393,132],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[277,27394,12776],{"href":12775},[31,27396,27398,27399],{"id":27397},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27400,19866],{},[20,27402,27403],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1398,27405,27407],{"id":27406},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[36,27409,27411],{"className":38,"code":27410,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27412,27413,27438,27442,27468,27472,27484],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27414,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27434,27436],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27416,11925],{"class":51},[45,27418,56],{"class":55},[45,27420,60],{"class":59},[45,27422,64],{"class":63},[45,27424,68],{"class":67},[45,27426,64],{"class":63},[45,27428,73],{"class":59},[45,27430,76],{"class":63},[45,27432,27433],{"class":67},"Sara",[45,27435,64],{"class":63},[45,27437,118],{"class":59},[45,27439,27440],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27441,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27443,27444,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27466],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27445,2677],{"class":51},[45,27447,56],{"class":55},[45,27449,11967],{"class":51},[45,27451,132],{"class":59},[45,27453,26397],{"class":135},[45,27455,156],{"class":59},[45,27457,64],{"class":63},[45,27459,89],{"class":67},[45,27461,64],{"class":63},[45,27463,84],{"class":59},[45,27465,4081],{"class":4080},[45,27467,161],{"class":59},[45,27469,27470],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27471,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27473,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27475,153],{"class":152},[45,27477,156],{"class":59},[45,27479,947],{"class":135},[45,27481,3889],{"class":59},[45,27483,20739],{"class":1712},[45,27485,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,27487,153],{"class":152},[45,27489,156],{"class":59},[45,27491,294],{"class":135},[45,27493,3889],{"class":59},[45,27495,27496],{"class":1712}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27498,27499],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1398,27501,27503],{"id":27502},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[36,27505,27507],{"className":38,"code":27506,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27508,27509,27533,27537,27553,27576,27586,27593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27510,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521,27523,27525,27527,27529,27531],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27512,11925],{"class":51},[45,27514,56],{"class":55},[45,27516,60],{"class":59},[45,27518,64],{"class":63},[45,27520,68],{"class":67},[45,27522,64],{"class":63},[45,27524,73],{"class":59},[45,27526,76],{"class":63},[45,27528,27433],{"class":67},[45,27530,64],{"class":63},[45,27532,118],{"class":59},[45,27534,27535],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27536,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27538,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27540,7219],{"class":921},[45,27542,76],{"class":63},[45,27544,89],{"class":67},[45,27546,64],{"class":63},[45,27548,21352],{"class":55},[45,27550,11967],{"class":51},[45,27552,6614],{"class":59},[45,27554,27555,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27556,27557],{"class":51},"    value ",[45,27559,56],{"class":55},[45,27561,11967],{"class":51},[45,27563,132],{"class":59},[45,27565,26397],{"class":135},[45,27567,156],{"class":59},[45,27569,64],{"class":63},[45,27571,89],{"class":67},[45,27573,64],{"class":63},[45,27575,161],{"class":59},[45,27577,27578,27580,27582,27584],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27579,942],{"class":152},[45,27581,156],{"class":59},[45,27583,947],{"class":135},[45,27585,161],{"class":59},[45,27587,27588,27591],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,27589,27590],{"class":921},"else",[45,27592,6614],{"class":59},[45,27594,27595,27597,27599,27601,27604,27606],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,27596,942],{"class":152},[45,27598,156],{"class":59},[45,27600,64],{"class":63},[45,27602,27603],{"class":67},"Key not found",[45,27605,64],{"class":63},[45,27607,161],{"class":59},[1398,27609,27611,27612,27614],{"id":27610},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27613,10948],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[36,27616,27618],{"className":38,"code":27617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27619,27620,27644,27648,27674,27678,27690],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27621,27622,27624,27626,27628,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27623,11925],{"class":51},[45,27625,56],{"class":55},[45,27627,60],{"class":59},[45,27629,64],{"class":63},[45,27631,68],{"class":67},[45,27633,64],{"class":63},[45,27635,73],{"class":59},[45,27637,76],{"class":63},[45,27639,27433],{"class":67},[45,27641,64],{"class":63},[45,27643,118],{"class":59},[45,27645,27646],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27647,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27649,27650,27652,27654,27656,27658,27660,27662,27664,27666,27668,27670,27672],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27651,2677],{"class":51},[45,27653,56],{"class":55},[45,27655,11967],{"class":51},[45,27657,132],{"class":59},[45,27659,19929],{"class":135},[45,27661,156],{"class":59},[45,27663,64],{"class":63},[45,27665,89],{"class":67},[45,27667,64],{"class":63},[45,27669,84],{"class":59},[45,27671,4081],{"class":4080},[45,27673,161],{"class":59},[45,27675,27676],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27677,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27679,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27681,153],{"class":152},[45,27683,156],{"class":59},[45,27685,947],{"class":135},[45,27687,3889],{"class":59},[45,27689,20739],{"class":1712},[45,27691,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,27693,153],{"class":152},[45,27695,156],{"class":59},[45,27697,294],{"class":135},[45,27699,3889],{"class":59},[45,27701,27496],{"class":1712},[20,27703,1006,27704,27708,27709,132],{},[277,27705,27706],{"href":10945},[15,27707,26986],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[277,27710,11469],{"href":11282},[31,27712,1391],{"id":1390},[20,27714,27715,27716,132],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27717,12771],{},[1398,27719,25932,27721,27723],{"id":27720},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27722,12964],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27725,27726],{},"Lists use indexes:",[36,27728,27730],{"className":38,"code":27729,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27731,27732,27752],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27733,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27735,3846],{"class":51},[45,27737,56],{"class":55},[45,27739,1427],{"class":59},[45,27741,2560],{"class":96},[45,27743,84],{"class":59},[45,27745,97],{"class":96},[45,27747,84],{"class":59},[45,27749,8016],{"class":96},[45,27751,244],{"class":59},[45,27753,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27755,153],{"class":152},[45,27757,156],{"class":59},[45,27759,3876],{"class":135},[45,27761,132],{"class":59},[45,27763,26397],{"class":135},[45,27765,156],{"class":59},[45,27767,1430],{"class":96},[45,27769,5582],{"class":59},[45,27771,27772],{"class":1712},"  # 20\n",[20,27774,27775],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[36,27777,27779],{"className":38,"code":27778,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27780,27781,27817],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27782,27783,27785,27787,27789,27791,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807,27809,27811,27813,27815],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27784,371],{"class":51},[45,27786,56],{"class":55},[45,27788,60],{"class":59},[45,27790,64],{"class":63},[45,27792,68],{"class":67},[45,27794,64],{"class":63},[45,27796,73],{"class":59},[45,27798,76],{"class":63},[45,27800,79],{"class":67},[45,27802,64],{"class":63},[45,27804,84],{"class":59},[45,27806,76],{"class":63},[45,27808,89],{"class":67},[45,27810,64],{"class":63},[45,27812,73],{"class":59},[45,27814,403],{"class":96},[45,27816,118],{"class":59},[45,27818,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837,27839],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27820,153],{"class":152},[45,27822,156],{"class":59},[45,27824,446],{"class":135},[45,27826,132],{"class":59},[45,27828,26397],{"class":135},[45,27830,156],{"class":59},[45,27832,64],{"class":63},[45,27834,89],{"class":67},[45,27836,64],{"class":63},[45,27838,5582],{"class":59},[45,27840,27841],{"class":1712},"  # 25\n",[20,27843,27844,27845,27847,27848,27850],{},"A dictionary does ",[355,27846,4854],{}," use positions with ",[15,27849,12964],{},". It uses keys.",[1398,27852,4928,27854,27856],{"id":27853},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27855,12964],{}," changes the original dictionary",[36,27858,27860],{"className":38,"code":27859,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27861,27862,27894,27898,27920,27924,27937],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27863,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888,27890,27892],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27865,1909],{"class":51},[45,27867,56],{"class":55},[45,27869,60],{"class":59},[45,27871,64],{"class":63},[45,27873,2403],{"class":67},[45,27875,64],{"class":63},[45,27877,73],{"class":59},[45,27879,1049],{"class":96},[45,27881,84],{"class":59},[45,27883,76],{"class":63},[45,27885,11946],{"class":67},[45,27887,64],{"class":63},[45,27889,73],{"class":59},[45,27891,1035],{"class":96},[45,27893,118],{"class":59},[45,27895,27896],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27897,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27899,27900,27902,27904,27906,27908,27910,27912,27914,27916,27918],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27901,2677],{"class":51},[45,27903,56],{"class":55},[45,27905,14759],{"class":51},[45,27907,132],{"class":59},[45,27909,26397],{"class":135},[45,27911,156],{"class":59},[45,27913,64],{"class":63},[45,27915,2403],{"class":67},[45,27917,64],{"class":63},[45,27919,161],{"class":59},[45,27921,27922],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,27923,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27925,27926,27928,27930,27932,27934],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,27927,153],{"class":152},[45,27929,156],{"class":59},[45,27931,947],{"class":135},[45,27933,3889],{"class":59},[45,27935,27936],{"class":1712},"  # 1\n",[45,27938,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,27940,153],{"class":152},[45,27942,156],{"class":59},[45,27944,1947],{"class":135},[45,27946,3889],{"class":59},[45,27948,27949],{"class":1712},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27951,27952,27953,27955],{},"After ",[15,27954,12964],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1398,27957,1797,27959,27961],{"id":27958},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27960,12964],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[36,27963,27965],{"className":38,"code":27964,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27966,27967,27991,27995,28000],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,27968,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,27970,1909],{"class":51},[45,27972,56],{"class":55},[45,27974,60],{"class":59},[45,27976,64],{"class":63},[45,27978,68],{"class":67},[45,27980,64],{"class":63},[45,27982,73],{"class":59},[45,27984,76],{"class":63},[45,27986,388],{"class":67},[45,27988,64],{"class":63},[45,27990,118],{"class":59},[45,27992,27993],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,27994,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,27996,27997],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,27998,27999],{"class":1712},"# This causes an error\n",[45,28001,28002],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,28003,28004],{"class":1712},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28006,28007],{},"Safer version:",[36,28009,28011],{"className":38,"code":28010,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28012,28013,28037,28041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28014,28015,28017,28019,28021,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28016,1909],{"class":51},[45,28018,56],{"class":55},[45,28020,60],{"class":59},[45,28022,64],{"class":63},[45,28024,68],{"class":67},[45,28026,64],{"class":63},[45,28028,73],{"class":59},[45,28030,76],{"class":63},[45,28032,388],{"class":67},[45,28034,64],{"class":63},[45,28036,118],{"class":59},[45,28038,28039],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28040,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,28042,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063,28065,28067,28069,28071],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,28044,153],{"class":152},[45,28046,156],{"class":59},[45,28048,1947],{"class":135},[45,28050,132],{"class":59},[45,28052,26397],{"class":135},[45,28054,156],{"class":59},[45,28056,64],{"class":63},[45,28058,89],{"class":67},[45,28060,64],{"class":63},[45,28062,84],{"class":59},[45,28064,76],{"class":63},[45,28066,26929],{"class":67},[45,28068,64],{"class":63},[45,28070,5582],{"class":59},[45,28072,26965],{"class":1712},[1398,28074,8670,28076,28078],{"id":28075},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28077,12964],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[36,28080,28082],{"className":38,"code":28081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28083,28084,28116,28120,28142,28146,28158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28085,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28087,1909],{"class":51},[45,28089,56],{"class":55},[45,28091,60],{"class":59},[45,28093,64],{"class":63},[45,28095,277],{"class":67},[45,28097,64],{"class":63},[45,28099,73],{"class":59},[45,28101,1049],{"class":96},[45,28103,84],{"class":59},[45,28105,76],{"class":63},[45,28107,1930],{"class":67},[45,28109,64],{"class":63},[45,28111,73],{"class":59},[45,28113,1035],{"class":96},[45,28115,118],{"class":59},[45,28117,28118],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28119,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,28121,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,28123,716],{"class":51},[45,28125,56],{"class":55},[45,28127,14759],{"class":51},[45,28129,132],{"class":59},[45,28131,26397],{"class":135},[45,28133,156],{"class":59},[45,28135,64],{"class":63},[45,28137,277],{"class":67},[45,28139,64],{"class":63},[45,28141,161],{"class":59},[45,28143,28144],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,28145,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,28147,28148,28150,28152,28154,28156],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,28149,153],{"class":152},[45,28151,156],{"class":59},[45,28153,740],{"class":135},[45,28155,3889],{"class":59},[45,28157,27936],{"class":1712},[45,28159,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,28161,153],{"class":152},[45,28163,156],{"class":59},[45,28165,1947],{"class":135},[45,28167,3889],{"class":59},[45,28169,28170],{"class":1712},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28172,28173],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[31,28175,28177],{"id":28176},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28179,28180,28181,28183],{},"Problems with ",[15,28182,12771],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[258,28185,28186,28189,28198,28201],{},[261,28187,28188],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[261,28190,28191,28192,28195,28196],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28193,28194],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28197,26493],{},[261,28199,28200],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[261,28202,28203,28204,1800,28206],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28205,1430],{},[15,28207,28208],{},"\"1\"",[20,28210,28211],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[36,28213,28215],{"className":38,"code":28214,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28216,28217,28241,28245,28275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28218,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28220,1909],{"class":51},[45,28222,56],{"class":55},[45,28224,60],{"class":59},[45,28226,64],{"class":63},[45,28228,1430],{"class":67},[45,28230,64],{"class":63},[45,28232,73],{"class":59},[45,28234,76],{"class":63},[45,28236,6806],{"class":67},[45,28238,64],{"class":63},[45,28240,118],{"class":59},[45,28242,28243],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28244,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,28246,28247,28249,28251,28253,28255,28257,28259,28261,28263,28265,28268,28270,28272],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,28248,153],{"class":152},[45,28250,156],{"class":59},[45,28252,1947],{"class":135},[45,28254,132],{"class":59},[45,28256,26397],{"class":135},[45,28258,156],{"class":59},[45,28260,1430],{"class":96},[45,28262,84],{"class":59},[45,28264,76],{"class":63},[45,28266,28267],{"class":67},"not found",[45,28269,64],{"class":63},[45,28271,5582],{"class":59},[45,28273,28274],{"class":1712},"    # not found\n",[45,28276,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287,28289,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,28278,153],{"class":152},[45,28280,156],{"class":59},[45,28282,1947],{"class":135},[45,28284,132],{"class":59},[45,28286,26397],{"class":135},[45,28288,156],{"class":59},[45,28290,64],{"class":63},[45,28292,1430],{"class":67},[45,28294,64],{"class":63},[45,28296,84],{"class":59},[45,28298,76],{"class":63},[45,28300,28267],{"class":67},[45,28302,64],{"class":63},[45,28304,5582],{"class":59},[45,28306,28307],{"class":1712},"  # one\n",[20,28309,28310,329,28312,28314],{},[15,28311,1430],{},[15,28313,28208],{}," are different keys.",[31,28316,9090],{"id":9089},[20,28318,9093,28319,28321],{},[15,28320,12964],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[36,28323,28325],{"className":38,"code":28324,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28326,28327,28337,28351,28369,28399],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28328,28329,28331,28333,28335],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28330,153],{"class":152},[45,28332,156],{"class":59},[45,28334,294],{"class":135},[45,28336,161],{"class":59},[45,28338,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28340,153],{"class":152},[45,28342,156],{"class":59},[45,28344,294],{"class":135},[45,28346,132],{"class":59},[45,28348,1260],{"class":135},[45,28350,598],{"class":59},[45,28352,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,28354,153],{"class":152},[45,28356,156],{"class":59},[45,28358,198],{"class":63},[45,28360,68],{"class":67},[45,28362,198],{"class":63},[45,28364,21352],{"class":921},[45,28366,11967],{"class":135},[45,28368,161],{"class":59},[45,28370,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,28372,153],{"class":152},[45,28374,156],{"class":59},[45,28376,294],{"class":135},[45,28378,132],{"class":59},[45,28380,26397],{"class":135},[45,28382,156],{"class":59},[45,28384,198],{"class":63},[45,28386,68],{"class":67},[45,28388,198],{"class":63},[45,28390,84],{"class":59},[45,28392,211],{"class":63},[45,28394,26929],{"class":67},[45,28396,198],{"class":63},[45,28398,179],{"class":59},[45,28400,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,28402,153],{"class":152},[45,28404,156],{"class":59},[45,28406,1478],{"class":171},[45,28408,156],{"class":59},[45,28410,294],{"class":135},[45,28412,179],{"class":59},[20,28414,21515],{},[258,28416,28417,28422,28427,28432,28438],{},[261,28418,28419,28421],{},[15,28420,12881],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[261,28423,28424,28426],{},[15,28425,21527],{}," shows all available keys",[261,28428,28429,28431],{},[15,28430,21533],{}," checks whether a key exists",[261,28433,28434,28437],{},[15,28435,28436],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[261,28439,28440,28442],{},[15,28441,12887],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28444,28445,28446,132],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[277,28447,280],{"href":279},[31,28449,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,28451,28453,28454,28456],{"id":28452},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28455,12964],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28458,28459],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1398,28461,28463],{"id":28462},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28465,28466,26694,28468,28470,28471,28473],{},[15,28467,26493],{},[15,28469,19866],{},". ",[15,28472,26497],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1398,28475,2062,28477,15089],{"id":28476},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28478,12964],{},[20,28480,28481],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1398,28483,28485,28486,28488],{"id":28484},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28487,12964],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28490,28491,28492,28494,28495,132],{},"Not with ",[15,28493,12771],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[277,28496,28497],{"href":12782},[15,28498,12971],{},[1398,28500,5400,28502,329,28504,2079],{"id":28501},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28503,10948],{},[15,28505,12964],{},[20,28507,28508,28510,28511,28513],{},[15,28509,10948],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28512,12964],{}," reads and removes it.",[31,28515,2114],{"id":2113},[258,28517,28518,28524,28531,28535,28539,28543],{},[261,28519,28520],{},[277,28521,28522],{"href":10945},[15,28523,19847],{},[261,28525,28526],{},[277,28527,28528],{"href":12782},[15,28529,28530],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[261,28532,28533],{},[277,28534,12988],{"href":12775},[261,28536,28537],{},[277,28538,21636],{"href":16790},[261,28540,28541],{},[277,28542,11469],{"href":11282},[261,28544,28545],{},[277,28546,28548],{"href":28547},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2154,28550,28551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":28553},[28554,28555,28557,28558,28559,28561,28568,28575,28585,28586,28587,28598],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":26504,"depth":121,"text":28556},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":26989,"depth":121,"text":28560},"When to use pop()",{"id":27176,"depth":121,"text":28562,"children":28563},"pop() vs del",[28564,28566],{"id":27191,"depth":142,"text":28565},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27294,"depth":142,"text":28567},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27397,"depth":121,"text":28569,"children":28570},"How to avoid KeyError",[28571,28572,28573],{"id":27406,"depth":142,"text":27407},{"id":27502,"depth":142,"text":27503},{"id":27610,"depth":142,"text":28574},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":28576},[28577,28579,28581,28583],{"id":27720,"depth":142,"text":28578},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27853,"depth":142,"text":28580},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27958,"depth":142,"text":28582},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28075,"depth":142,"text":28584},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28176,"depth":121,"text":28177},{"id":9089,"depth":121,"text":9090},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":28588},[28589,28591,28592,28594,28596],{"id":28452,"depth":142,"text":28590},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28462,"depth":142,"text":28463},{"id":28476,"depth":142,"text":28593},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28484,"depth":142,"text":28595},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28501,"depth":142,"text":28597},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26325,"description":28599},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28606,"title":28530,"body":28607,"description":30544,"extension":2195,"meta":30545,"navigation":145,"path":30546,"seo":30547,"stem":30548,"__hash__":30549},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28608,"toc":30508},[28609,28614,28619,28622,28630,28640,28642,28731,28735,28784,28789,28794,28798,28814,28817,28819,28834,28836,28852,28859,28863,28869,28878,28880,28949,28953,28974,28977,28996,28999,29022,29024,29027,29141,29145,29204,29211,29215,29221,29346,29350,29400,29403,29407,29414,29416,29479,29483,29504,29507,29516,29531,29539,29546,29550,29562,29566,29577,29579,29725,29729,29788,29795,29800,29804,29809,29832,29837,29856,29860,29931,29938,30011,30020,30025,30030,30041,30044,30181,30186,30218,30223,30225,30229,30289,30292,30349,30352,30395,30397,30402,30408,30414,30417,30424,30432,30437,30440,30447,30455,30457,30505],[10,28610,13,28612,18],{"id":28611},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28613,12971],{},[20,28615,2212,28616,28618],{},[15,28617,12971],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28620,28621],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[258,28623,28624,28627],{},[261,28625,28626],{},"remove an item",[261,28628,28629],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28631,28632,28633,28635,28636,28639],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28634,12971],{}," removes the ",[355,28637,28638],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[31,28641,34],{"id":33},[36,28643,28645],{"className":38,"code":28644,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28646,28647,28691,28707,28711,28721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28648,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28650,1909],{"class":51},[45,28652,56],{"class":55},[45,28654,60],{"class":59},[45,28656,64],{"class":63},[45,28658,277],{"class":67},[45,28660,64],{"class":63},[45,28662,73],{"class":59},[45,28664,1049],{"class":96},[45,28666,84],{"class":59},[45,28668,76],{"class":63},[45,28670,1930],{"class":67},[45,28672,64],{"class":63},[45,28674,73],{"class":59},[45,28676,1035],{"class":96},[45,28678,84],{"class":59},[45,28680,76],{"class":63},[45,28682,9951],{"class":67},[45,28684,64],{"class":63},[45,28686,73],{"class":59},[45,28688,1063],{"class":96},[45,28690,118],{"class":59},[45,28692,28693,28696,28698,28700,28702,28705],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28694,28695],{"class":51},"item ",[45,28697,56],{"class":55},[45,28699,14759],{"class":51},[45,28701,132],{"class":59},[45,28703,28704],{"class":135},"popitem",[45,28706,139],{"class":59},[45,28708,28709],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,28710,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,28712,28713,28715,28717,28719],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,28714,153],{"class":152},[45,28716,156],{"class":59},[45,28718,23483],{"class":135},[45,28720,161],{"class":59},[45,28722,28723,28725,28727,28729],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,28724,153],{"class":152},[45,28726,156],{"class":59},[45,28728,1947],{"class":135},[45,28730,161],{"class":59},[20,28732,28733],{},[355,28734,182],{},[36,28736,28738],{"className":38,"code":28737,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28739,28740,28756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28741,28742,28744,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28743,156],{"class":59},[45,28745,198],{"class":63},[45,28747,9951],{"class":67},[45,28749,198],{"class":63},[45,28751,84],{"class":59},[45,28753,1063],{"class":96},[45,28755,161],{"class":59},[45,28757,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768,28770,28772,28774,28776,28778,28780,28782],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28759,9495],{"class":59},[45,28761,198],{"class":63},[45,28763,277],{"class":67},[45,28765,198],{"class":63},[45,28767,73],{"class":59},[45,28769,1049],{"class":96},[45,28771,84],{"class":59},[45,28773,211],{"class":63},[45,28775,1930],{"class":67},[45,28777,198],{"class":63},[45,28779,73],{"class":59},[45,28781,1035],{"class":96},[45,28783,118],{"class":59},[20,28785,28786,28788],{},[15,28787,12971],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[31,28790,253,28792,256],{"id":28791},"what-popitem-does",[15,28793,12971],{},[20,28795,28796,73],{},[15,28797,12971],{},[258,28799,28800,28803,28808,28811],{},[261,28801,28802],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[261,28804,28805,28806],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28807,21832],{},[261,28809,28810],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[261,28812,28813],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28815,28816],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[31,28818,284],{"id":283},[36,28820,28822],{"className":38,"code":28821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28823,28824],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28825,28826,28828,28830,28832],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28827,15798],{"class":51},[45,28829,132],{"class":59},[45,28831,28704],{"class":135},[45,28833,139],{"class":59},[20,28835,11663],{},[258,28837,28838,28846,28849],{},[261,28839,28840,28842,28843],{},[15,28841,12971],{}," takes ",[355,28844,28845],{},"no arguments",[261,28847,28848],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[261,28850,28851],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28853,28854,28855,6852],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[277,28856,28857],{"href":12768},[15,28858,12964],{},[31,28860,28862],{"id":28861},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28864,28865,28866,28868],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28867,12971],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28870,28871,28872,28875],"ol",{},[261,28873,28874],{},"the key",[261,28876,28877],{},"the value",[20,28879,361],{},[36,28881,28883],{"className":38,"code":28882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28884,28885,28921,28935,28939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28886,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28888,371],{"class":51},[45,28890,56],{"class":55},[45,28892,60],{"class":59},[45,28894,64],{"class":63},[45,28896,68],{"class":67},[45,28898,64],{"class":63},[45,28900,73],{"class":59},[45,28902,76],{"class":63},[45,28904,5228],{"class":67},[45,28906,64],{"class":63},[45,28908,84],{"class":59},[45,28910,76],{"class":63},[45,28912,89],{"class":67},[45,28914,64],{"class":63},[45,28916,73],{"class":59},[45,28918,403],{"class":96},[45,28920,118],{"class":59},[45,28922,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,28924,716],{"class":51},[45,28926,56],{"class":55},[45,28928,419],{"class":51},[45,28930,132],{"class":59},[45,28932,28704],{"class":135},[45,28934,139],{"class":59},[45,28936,28937],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,28938,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,28940,28941,28943,28945,28947],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,28942,153],{"class":152},[45,28944,156],{"class":59},[45,28946,740],{"class":135},[45,28948,161],{"class":59},[20,28950,28951],{},[355,28952,182],{},[36,28954,28956],{"className":38,"code":28955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28957,28958],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28959,28960,28962,28964,28966,28968,28970,28972],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28961,156],{"class":59},[45,28963,198],{"class":63},[45,28965,89],{"class":67},[45,28967,198],{"class":63},[45,28969,84],{"class":59},[45,28971,403],{"class":96},[45,28973,161],{"class":59},[20,28975,28976],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[36,28978,28980],{"className":38,"code":28979,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28981,28982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,28983,28984,28986,28988,28990,28992,28994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,28985,716],{"class":51},[45,28987,56],{"class":55},[45,28989,419],{"class":51},[45,28991,132],{"class":59},[45,28993,28704],{"class":135},[45,28995,139],{"class":59},[20,28997,28998],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[36,29000,29002],{"className":38,"code":29001,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29003,29004],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29005,29006,29008,29010,29012,29014,29016,29018,29020],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29007,15034],{"class":51},[45,29009,84],{"class":59},[45,29011,924],{"class":51},[45,29013,56],{"class":55},[45,29015,419],{"class":51},[45,29017,132],{"class":59},[45,29019,28704],{"class":135},[45,29021,139],{"class":59},[31,29023,640],{"id":639},[20,29025,29026],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[36,29028,29030],{"className":38,"code":29029,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29031,29032,29079,29083,29098,29102,29122],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29033,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29064,29066,29068,29071,29073,29075,29077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29035,866],{"class":51},[45,29037,56],{"class":55},[45,29039,60],{"class":59},[45,29041,64],{"class":63},[45,29043,29044],{"class":67},"Tom",[45,29046,64],{"class":63},[45,29048,73],{"class":59},[45,29050,5299],{"class":96},[45,29052,84],{"class":59},[45,29054,76],{"class":63},[45,29056,79],{"class":67},[45,29058,64],{"class":63},[45,29060,73],{"class":59},[45,29062,29063],{"class":96}," 95",[45,29065,84],{"class":59},[45,29067,76],{"class":63},[45,29069,29070],{"class":67},"Leo",[45,29072,64],{"class":63},[45,29074,73],{"class":59},[45,29076,910],{"class":96},[45,29078,118],{"class":59},[45,29080,29081],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29082,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29084,29085,29088,29090,29092,29094,29096],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29086,29087],{"class":51},"removed_pair ",[45,29089,56],{"class":55},[45,29091,930],{"class":51},[45,29093,132],{"class":59},[45,29095,28704],{"class":135},[45,29097,139],{"class":59},[45,29099,29100],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,29101,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29103,29104,29106,29108,29110,29113,29115,29117,29120],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,29105,153],{"class":152},[45,29107,156],{"class":59},[45,29109,64],{"class":63},[45,29111,29112],{"class":67},"Removed:",[45,29114,64],{"class":63},[45,29116,84],{"class":59},[45,29118,29119],{"class":135}," removed_pair",[45,29121,161],{"class":59},[45,29123,29124,29126,29128,29130,29133,29135,29137,29139],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,29125,153],{"class":152},[45,29127,156],{"class":59},[45,29129,64],{"class":63},[45,29131,29132],{"class":67},"After removal:",[45,29134,64],{"class":63},[45,29136,84],{"class":59},[45,29138,930],{"class":135},[45,29140,161],{"class":59},[20,29142,29143],{},[355,29144,182],{},[36,29146,29148],{"className":38,"code":29147,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29149,29150,29171],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29151,29152,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29153,29154],{"class":51},"Removed",[45,29156,73],{"class":59},[45,29158,9453],{"class":59},[45,29160,198],{"class":63},[45,29162,29070],{"class":67},[45,29164,198],{"class":63},[45,29166,84],{"class":59},[45,29168,910],{"class":96},[45,29170,161],{"class":59},[45,29172,29173,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29174,29175],{"class":51},"After removal",[45,29177,73],{"class":59},[45,29179,60],{"class":59},[45,29181,198],{"class":63},[45,29183,29044],{"class":67},[45,29185,198],{"class":63},[45,29187,73],{"class":59},[45,29189,5299],{"class":96},[45,29191,84],{"class":59},[45,29193,211],{"class":63},[45,29195,79],{"class":67},[45,29197,198],{"class":63},[45,29199,73],{"class":59},[45,29201,29063],{"class":96},[45,29203,118],{"class":59},[20,29205,29206,29207,29210],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29208,29209],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[31,29212,29214],{"id":29213},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29216,29217,29218,29220],{},"Because ",[15,29219,12971],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[36,29222,29224],{"className":38,"code":29223,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29225,29226,29262,29266,29285,29289,29308,29327],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29227,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29258,29260],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29229,15641],{"class":51},[45,29231,56],{"class":55},[45,29233,60],{"class":59},[45,29235,64],{"class":63},[45,29237,15652],{"class":67},[45,29239,64],{"class":63},[45,29241,73],{"class":59},[45,29243,76],{"class":63},[45,29245,15661],{"class":67},[45,29247,64],{"class":63},[45,29249,84],{"class":59},[45,29251,76],{"class":63},[45,29253,15672],{"class":67},[45,29255,64],{"class":63},[45,29257,73],{"class":59},[45,29259,27063],{"class":96},[45,29261,118],{"class":59},[45,29263,29264],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29265,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29267,29268,29270,29272,29274,29276,29279,29281,29283],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29269,15034],{"class":51},[45,29271,84],{"class":59},[45,29273,924],{"class":51},[45,29275,56],{"class":55},[45,29277,29278],{"class":51}," book",[45,29280,132],{"class":59},[45,29282,28704],{"class":135},[45,29284,139],{"class":59},[45,29286,29287],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,29288,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29290,29291,29293,29295,29297,29300,29302,29304,29306],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,29292,153],{"class":152},[45,29294,156],{"class":59},[45,29296,64],{"class":63},[45,29298,29299],{"class":67},"Key:",[45,29301,64],{"class":63},[45,29303,84],{"class":59},[45,29305,21758],{"class":135},[45,29307,161],{"class":59},[45,29309,29310,29312,29314,29316,29319,29321,29323,29325],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,29311,153],{"class":152},[45,29313,156],{"class":59},[45,29315,64],{"class":63},[45,29317,29318],{"class":67},"Value:",[45,29320,64],{"class":63},[45,29322,84],{"class":59},[45,29324,8650],{"class":135},[45,29326,161],{"class":59},[45,29328,29329,29331,29333,29335,29338,29340,29342,29344],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,29330,153],{"class":152},[45,29332,156],{"class":59},[45,29334,64],{"class":63},[45,29336,29337],{"class":67},"Dictionary:",[45,29339,64],{"class":63},[45,29341,84],{"class":59},[45,29343,29278],{"class":135},[45,29345,161],{"class":59},[20,29347,29348],{},[355,29349,182],{},[36,29351,29353],{"className":38,"code":29352,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29354,29355,29365,29375],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29356,29357,29360,29362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29358,29359],{"class":51},"Key",[45,29361,73],{"class":59},[45,29363,29364],{"class":51}," pages\n",[45,29366,29367,29370,29372],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29368,29369],{"class":51},"Value",[45,29371,73],{"class":59},[45,29373,29374],{"class":96}," 200\n",[45,29376,29377,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29378,29379],{"class":51},"Dictionary",[45,29381,73],{"class":59},[45,29383,60],{"class":59},[45,29385,198],{"class":63},[45,29387,15652],{"class":67},[45,29389,198],{"class":63},[45,29391,73],{"class":59},[45,29393,211],{"class":63},[45,29395,15661],{"class":67},[45,29397,198],{"class":63},[45,29399,118],{"class":59},[20,29401,29402],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[31,29404,29406],{"id":29405},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29408,29409,29410,28635,29412,132],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29411,12971],{},[355,29413,28638],{},[20,29415,361],{},[36,29417,29419],{"className":38,"code":29418,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29420,29421,29465],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29422,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443,29445,29447,29449,29451,29453,29455,29457,29459,29461,29463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29424,1909],{"class":51},[45,29426,56],{"class":55},[45,29428,60],{"class":59},[45,29430,64],{"class":63},[45,29432,2403],{"class":67},[45,29434,64],{"class":63},[45,29436,73],{"class":59},[45,29438,1049],{"class":96},[45,29440,84],{"class":59},[45,29442,76],{"class":63},[45,29444,11946],{"class":67},[45,29446,64],{"class":63},[45,29448,73],{"class":59},[45,29450,1035],{"class":96},[45,29452,84],{"class":59},[45,29454,76],{"class":63},[45,29456,22252],{"class":67},[45,29458,64],{"class":63},[45,29460,73],{"class":59},[45,29462,1063],{"class":96},[45,29464,118],{"class":59},[45,29466,29467,29469,29471,29473,29475,29477],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29468,153],{"class":152},[45,29470,156],{"class":59},[45,29472,1947],{"class":135},[45,29474,132],{"class":59},[45,29476,28704],{"class":135},[45,29478,598],{"class":59},[20,29480,29481],{},[355,29482,182],{},[36,29484,29486],{"className":38,"code":29485,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29487,29488],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29489,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29491,156],{"class":59},[45,29493,198],{"class":63},[45,29495,22252],{"class":67},[45,29497,198],{"class":63},[45,29499,84],{"class":59},[45,29501,1063],{"class":96},[45,29503,161],{"class":59},[20,29505,29506],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29508,29509,29510,29512,29513,29515],{},"As a beginner, do ",[355,29511,4854],{}," think of ",[15,29514,12971],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29517,29518,29519,2419,29523,17257,29527,132],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[277,29520,29521],{"href":332},[15,29522,335],{},[277,29524,29525],{"href":324},[15,29526,327],{},[277,29528,29529],{"href":1377},[15,29530,17],{},[31,29532,29534,29535,329,29537],{"id":29533},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29536,12971],{},[15,29538,12964],{},[20,29540,29541,329,29543,29545],{},[15,29542,12971],{},[15,29544,12964],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1398,29547,29548],{"id":28704},[15,29549,12971],{},[258,29551,29552,29555,29558],{},[261,29553,29554],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[261,29556,29557],{},"does not need a key argument",[261,29559,3919,29560],{},[15,29561,21832],{},[1398,29563,29564],{"id":26397},[15,29565,12964],{},[258,29567,29568,29571,29574],{},[261,29569,29570],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[261,29572,29573],{},"needs the key name",[261,29575,29576],{},"returns only the value",[20,29578,361],{},[36,29580,29582],{"className":38,"code":29581,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29583,29584,29628,29632,29646,29666,29670,29692,29711,29715],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29585,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608,29610,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622,29624,29626],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29587,1909],{"class":51},[45,29589,56],{"class":55},[45,29591,60],{"class":59},[45,29593,64],{"class":63},[45,29595,277],{"class":67},[45,29597,64],{"class":63},[45,29599,73],{"class":59},[45,29601,1049],{"class":96},[45,29603,84],{"class":59},[45,29605,76],{"class":63},[45,29607,1930],{"class":67},[45,29609,64],{"class":63},[45,29611,73],{"class":59},[45,29613,1035],{"class":96},[45,29615,84],{"class":59},[45,29617,76],{"class":63},[45,29619,9951],{"class":67},[45,29621,64],{"class":63},[45,29623,73],{"class":59},[45,29625,1063],{"class":96},[45,29627,118],{"class":59},[45,29629,29630],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29631,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29633,29634,29636,29638,29640,29642,29644],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29635,28695],{"class":51},[45,29637,56],{"class":55},[45,29639,14759],{"class":51},[45,29641,132],{"class":59},[45,29643,28704],{"class":135},[45,29645,139],{"class":59},[45,29647,29648,29650,29652,29654,29657,29659,29661,29664],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,29649,153],{"class":152},[45,29651,156],{"class":59},[45,29653,64],{"class":63},[45,29655,29656],{"class":67},"popitem():",[45,29658,64],{"class":63},[45,29660,84],{"class":59},[45,29662,29663],{"class":135}," item",[45,29665,161],{"class":59},[45,29667,29668],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,29669,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29671,29672,29674,29676,29678,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,29673,2677],{"class":51},[45,29675,56],{"class":55},[45,29677,14759],{"class":51},[45,29679,132],{"class":59},[45,29681,26397],{"class":135},[45,29683,156],{"class":59},[45,29685,64],{"class":63},[45,29687,277],{"class":67},[45,29689,64],{"class":63},[45,29691,161],{"class":59},[45,29693,29694,29696,29698,29700,29703,29705,29707,29709],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,29695,153],{"class":152},[45,29697,156],{"class":59},[45,29699,64],{"class":63},[45,29701,29702],{"class":67},"pop('a'):",[45,29704,64],{"class":63},[45,29706,84],{"class":59},[45,29708,8650],{"class":135},[45,29710,161],{"class":59},[45,29712,29713],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,29714,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29716,29717,29719,29721,29723],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,29718,153],{"class":152},[45,29720,156],{"class":59},[45,29722,1947],{"class":135},[45,29724,161],{"class":59},[20,29726,29727],{},[355,29728,182],{},[36,29730,29732],{"className":38,"code":29731,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29733,29734,29755,29772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29735,29736,29738,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749,29751,29753],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29737,28704],{"class":135},[45,29739,29740],{"class":59},"():",[45,29742,9453],{"class":59},[45,29744,198],{"class":63},[45,29746,9951],{"class":67},[45,29748,198],{"class":63},[45,29750,84],{"class":59},[45,29752,1063],{"class":96},[45,29754,161],{"class":59},[45,29756,29757,29759,29761,29763,29765,29767,29769],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29758,26397],{"class":135},[45,29760,156],{"class":59},[45,29762,198],{"class":63},[45,29764,277],{"class":67},[45,29766,198],{"class":63},[45,29768,16645],{"class":59},[45,29770,29771],{"class":96}," 1\n",[45,29773,29774,29776,29778,29780,29782,29784,29786],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29775,9495],{"class":59},[45,29777,198],{"class":63},[45,29779,1930],{"class":67},[45,29781,198],{"class":63},[45,29783,73],{"class":59},[45,29785,1035],{"class":96},[45,29787,118],{"class":59},[20,29789,1006,29790,29794],{},[277,29791,29792],{"href":12768},[15,29793,12964],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29796,1006,29797,29799],{},[15,29798,12971],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[31,29801,29803],{"id":29802},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29805,1401,29806,29808],{},[15,29807,12971],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[36,29810,29812],{"className":38,"code":29811,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29813,29814,29822],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29815,29816,29818,29820],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29817,1909],{"class":51},[45,29819,56],{"class":55},[45,29821,10050],{"class":59},[45,29823,29824,29826,29828,29830],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29825,1947],{"class":51},[45,29827,132],{"class":59},[45,29829,28704],{"class":135},[45,29831,139],{"class":59},[20,29833,29834],{},[355,29835,29836],{},"Error:",[36,29838,29840],{"className":38,"code":29839,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29841,29842],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29843,29844,29846,29848,29850,29853],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29845,19866],{"class":171},[45,29847,73],{"class":59},[45,29849,211],{"class":63},[45,29851,29852],{"class":67},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[45,29854,29855],{"class":63},"'\n",[1398,29857,29859],{"id":29858},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[36,29861,29863],{"className":38,"code":29862,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29864,29865,29873,29877,29885,29900,29910,29916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29866,29867,29869,29871],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29868,1909],{"class":51},[45,29870,56],{"class":55},[45,29872,10050],{"class":59},[45,29874,29875],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29876,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29878,29879,29881,29883],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29880,7219],{"class":921},[45,29882,14759],{"class":51},[45,29884,6614],{"class":59},[45,29886,29887,29890,29892,29894,29896,29898],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,29888,29889],{"class":51},"    item ",[45,29891,56],{"class":55},[45,29893,14759],{"class":51},[45,29895,132],{"class":59},[45,29897,28704],{"class":135},[45,29899,139],{"class":59},[45,29901,29902,29904,29906,29908],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,29903,942],{"class":152},[45,29905,156],{"class":59},[45,29907,23483],{"class":135},[45,29909,161],{"class":59},[45,29911,29912,29914],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,29913,27590],{"class":921},[45,29915,6614],{"class":59},[45,29917,29918,29920,29922,29924,29927,29929],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,29919,942],{"class":152},[45,29921,156],{"class":59},[45,29923,64],{"class":63},[45,29925,29926],{"class":67},"Dictionary is empty",[45,29928,64],{"class":63},[45,29930,161],{"class":59},[1398,29932,29934,29935],{"id":29933},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29936,29937],{},"try-except",[36,29939,29941],{"className":38,"code":29940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29942,29943,29951,29955,29962,29976,29986,29996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,29944,29945,29947,29949],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,29946,1909],{"class":51},[45,29948,56],{"class":55},[45,29950,10050],{"class":59},[45,29952,29953],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,29954,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,29956,29957,29960],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,29958,29959],{"class":921},"try",[45,29961,6614],{"class":59},[45,29963,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,29965,29889],{"class":51},[45,29967,56],{"class":55},[45,29969,14759],{"class":51},[45,29971,132],{"class":59},[45,29973,28704],{"class":135},[45,29975,139],{"class":59},[45,29977,29978,29980,29982,29984],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,29979,942],{"class":152},[45,29981,156],{"class":59},[45,29983,23483],{"class":135},[45,29985,161],{"class":59},[45,29987,29988,29991,29994],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,29989,29990],{"class":921},"except",[45,29992,29993],{"class":171}," KeyError",[45,29995,6614],{"class":59},[45,29997,29998,30000,30002,30004,30007,30009],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,29999,942],{"class":152},[45,30001,156],{"class":59},[45,30003,64],{"class":63},[45,30005,30006],{"class":67},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[45,30008,64],{"class":63},[45,30010,161],{"class":59},[20,30012,30013,30014,132],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[277,30015,1495,30017],{"href":30016},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30018,30019],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[31,30021,5185,30023],{"id":30022},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30024,12971],{},[20,30026,30027,30029],{},[15,30028,12971],{}," is useful when:",[258,30031,30032,30035,30038],{},[261,30033,30034],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[261,30036,30037],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[261,30039,30040],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30042,30043],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[36,30045,30047],{"className":38,"code":30046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30048,30049,30058,30078,30098,30116,30120,30124,30134,30153],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30050,30051,30054,30056],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30052,30053],{"class":51},"tasks ",[45,30055,56],{"class":55},[45,30057,11695],{"class":59},[45,30059,30060,30062,30065,30067,30069,30071,30074,30076],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30061,11700],{"class":63},[45,30063,30064],{"class":67},"first",[45,30066,64],{"class":63},[45,30068,73],{"class":59},[45,30070,76],{"class":63},[45,30072,30073],{"class":67},"wash dishes",[45,30075,64],{"class":63},[45,30077,11716],{"class":59},[45,30079,30080,30082,30085,30087,30089,30091,30094,30096],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,30081,11700],{"class":63},[45,30083,30084],{"class":67},"second",[45,30086,64],{"class":63},[45,30088,73],{"class":59},[45,30090,76],{"class":63},[45,30092,30093],{"class":67},"do homework",[45,30095,64],{"class":63},[45,30097,11716],{"class":59},[45,30099,30100,30102,30105,30107,30109,30111,30114],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,30101,11700],{"class":63},[45,30103,30104],{"class":67},"third",[45,30106,64],{"class":63},[45,30108,73],{"class":59},[45,30110,76],{"class":63},[45,30112,30113],{"class":67},"read book",[45,30115,468],{"class":63},[45,30117,30118],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,30119,118],{"class":59},[45,30121,30122],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,30123,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,30125,30126,30129,30132],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,30127,30128],{"class":921},"while",[45,30130,30131],{"class":51}," tasks",[45,30133,6614],{"class":59},[45,30135,30136,30139,30141,30143,30145,30147,30149,30151],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,30137,30138],{"class":51},"    key",[45,30140,84],{"class":59},[45,30142,924],{"class":51},[45,30144,56],{"class":55},[45,30146,30131],{"class":51},[45,30148,132],{"class":59},[45,30150,28704],{"class":135},[45,30152,139],{"class":59},[45,30154,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,30156,942],{"class":152},[45,30158,156],{"class":59},[45,30160,22469],{"class":1597},[45,30162,64],{"class":67},[45,30164,9495],{"class":96},[45,30166,15034],{"class":135},[45,30168,22478],{"class":96},[45,30170,22481],{"class":67},[45,30172,9495],{"class":96},[45,30174,947],{"class":135},[45,30176,22478],{"class":96},[45,30178,64],{"class":67},[45,30180,161],{"class":59},[20,30182,30183],{},[355,30184,30185],{},"Possible output:",[36,30187,30189],{"className":38,"code":30188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30190,30191,30200,30209],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30192,30193,30195,30197],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30194,30104],{"class":51},[45,30196,73],{"class":59},[45,30198,30199],{"class":51}," read book\n",[45,30201,30202,30204,30206],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30203,30084],{"class":51},[45,30205,73],{"class":59},[45,30207,30208],{"class":51}," do homework\n",[45,30210,30211,30213,30215],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,30212,30064],{"class":51},[45,30214,73],{"class":59},[45,30216,30217],{"class":51}," wash dishes\n",[20,30219,29217,30220,30222],{},[15,30221,12971],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[31,30224,3061],{"id":3060},[20,30226,14926,30227,73],{},[15,30228,12971],{},[258,30230,30231,30245,30264,30275],{},[261,30232,30233,30238],{},[355,30234,1401,30235,30237],{},[15,30236,12971],{}," on an empty dictionary",[258,30239,30240],{},[261,30241,30242,30243,132],{},"This raises ",[15,30244,19866],{},[261,30246,30247,30252],{},[355,30248,8670,30249,30251],{},[15,30250,12971],{}," to remove a specific key",[258,30253,30254,30257],{},[261,30255,30256],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[261,30258,1006,30259,30263],{},[277,30260,30261],{"href":12768},[15,30262,12964],{}," if you need that.",[261,30265,30266,30270],{},[355,30267,4928,30268,27856],{},[15,30269,12971],{},[258,30271,30272],{},[261,30273,30274],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[261,30276,30277,30280],{},[355,30278,30279],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[258,30281,30282],{},[261,30283,30284,347,30286,30288],{},[15,30285,12971],{},[15,30287,21832],{}," tuple.",[20,30290,30291],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[36,30293,30295],{"className":38,"code":30294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30296,30297,30307,30321,30325,30339],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30298,30299,30301,30303,30305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30300,153],{"class":152},[45,30302,156],{"class":59},[45,30304,294],{"class":135},[45,30306,161],{"class":59},[45,30308,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30310,153],{"class":152},[45,30312,156],{"class":59},[45,30314,11369],{"class":152},[45,30316,156],{"class":59},[45,30318,294],{"class":135},[45,30320,179],{"class":59},[45,30322,30323],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,30324,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,30326,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,30328,28695],{"class":51},[45,30330,56],{"class":55},[45,30332,11967],{"class":51},[45,30334,132],{"class":59},[45,30336,28704],{"class":135},[45,30338,139],{"class":59},[45,30340,30341,30343,30345,30347],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,30342,153],{"class":152},[45,30344,156],{"class":59},[45,30346,23483],{"class":135},[45,30348,161],{"class":59},[20,30350,30351],{},"Or with unpacking:",[36,30353,30355],{"className":38,"code":30354,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30356,30357,30375,30385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30358,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30373],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30360,15034],{"class":51},[45,30362,84],{"class":59},[45,30364,924],{"class":51},[45,30366,56],{"class":55},[45,30368,11967],{"class":51},[45,30370,132],{"class":59},[45,30372,28704],{"class":135},[45,30374,139],{"class":59},[45,30376,30377,30379,30381,30383],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30378,153],{"class":152},[45,30380,156],{"class":59},[45,30382,15034],{"class":135},[45,30384,161],{"class":59},[45,30386,30387,30389,30391,30393],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,30388,153],{"class":152},[45,30390,156],{"class":59},[45,30392,947],{"class":135},[45,30394,161],{"class":59},[31,30396,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,30398,2049,30400,2052],{"id":30399},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30401,12971],{},[20,30403,30404,30405,132],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30406,30407],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1398,30409,2062,30411,30413],{"id":30410},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30412,12971],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30415,30416],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1398,30418,30420,30421,30423],{"id":30419},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30422,12971],{}," removes?",[20,30425,30426,30427,30431],{},"No. Use ",[277,30428,30429],{"href":12768},[15,30430,12964],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1398,30433,2062,30435,15089],{"id":30434},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30436,12971],{},[20,30438,30439],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1398,30441,30443,30444,30446],{"id":30442},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30445,12971],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30448,30449,30450,30452,30453,132],{},"It raises ",[15,30451,19866],{}," with the message ",[15,30454,29852],{},[31,30456,2114],{"id":2113},[258,30458,30459,30466,30472,30478,30484,30491,30495,30499],{},[261,30460,30461],{},[277,30462,30463,30465],{"href":12768},[15,30464,12964],{}," method for dictionaries",[261,30467,30468],{},[277,30469,30470,30465],{"href":332},[15,30471,335],{},[261,30473,30474],{},[277,30475,30476,30465],{"href":324},[15,30477,327],{},[261,30479,30480],{},[277,30481,30482,30465],{"href":1377},[15,30483,17],{},[261,30485,30486],{},[277,30487,30489,30465],{"href":30488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30490,11527],{},[261,30492,30493],{},[277,30494,12988],{"href":12775},[261,30496,30497],{},[277,30498,21636],{"href":16790},[261,30500,30501],{},[277,30502,2149,30503],{"href":30016},[15,30504,30019],{},[2154,30506,30507],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":30509},[30510,30511,30513,30514,30515,30516,30517,30518,30523,30528,30530,30531,30543],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":28791,"depth":121,"text":30512},"What popitem() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":28861,"depth":121,"text":28862},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":29213,"depth":121,"text":29214},{"id":29405,"depth":121,"text":29406},{"id":29533,"depth":121,"text":30519,"children":30520},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30521,30522],{"id":28704,"depth":142,"text":12971},{"id":26397,"depth":142,"text":12964},{"id":29802,"depth":121,"text":29803,"children":30524},[30525,30526],{"id":29858,"depth":142,"text":29859},{"id":29933,"depth":142,"text":30527},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30022,"depth":121,"text":30529},"When to use popitem()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":30532},[30533,30535,30537,30539,30541],{"id":30399,"depth":142,"text":30534},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30410,"depth":142,"text":30536},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30419,"depth":142,"text":30538},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30434,"depth":142,"text":30540},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30442,"depth":142,"text":30542},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28530,"description":30544},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30551,"title":30552,"body":30553,"description":32454,"extension":2195,"meta":32455,"navigation":145,"path":14225,"seo":32456,"stem":32457,"__hash__":32458},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30554,"toc":32426},[30555,30560,30565,30568,30570,30667,30672,30677,30682,30685,30693,30696,30711,30713,30812,30814,30871,30875,30877,30880,30900,30905,30916,30919,30946,30949,30951,31008,31010,31031,31037,31042,31045,31056,31058,31166,31168,31221,31223,31235,31242,31248,31253,31256,31343,31345,31390,31393,31401,31404,31407,31476,31479,31482,31486,31489,31560,31562,31615,31618,31621,31624,31639,31642,31654,31657,31720,31722,31728,31730,31732,31811,31813,31854,31856,31921,31923,31960,31965,31970,31974,31988,31991,32114,32116,32201,32206,32208,32212,32234,32237,32317,32320,32339,32344,32346,32352,32357,32363,32366,32372,32375,32381,32386,32392,32398,32400,32423],[10,30556,13,30558,18],{"id":30557},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30559,15147],{},[20,30561,2212,30562,30564],{},[15,30563,15147],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30566,30567],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[31,30569,34],{"id":33},[36,30571,30573],{"className":38,"code":30572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30574,30575,30611,30652,30662],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30576,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30578,371],{"class":51},[45,30580,56],{"class":55},[45,30582,60],{"class":59},[45,30584,64],{"class":63},[45,30586,68],{"class":67},[45,30588,64],{"class":63},[45,30590,73],{"class":59},[45,30592,76],{"class":63},[45,30594,79],{"class":67},[45,30596,64],{"class":63},[45,30598,84],{"class":59},[45,30600,76],{"class":63},[45,30602,89],{"class":67},[45,30604,64],{"class":63},[45,30606,73],{"class":59},[45,30608,97],{"class":96},[45,30610,118],{"class":59},[45,30612,30613,30615,30617,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30614,446],{"class":51},[45,30616,132],{"class":59},[45,30618,30619],{"class":135},"update",[45,30621,5750],{"class":59},[45,30623,64],{"class":63},[45,30625,89],{"class":67},[45,30627,64],{"class":63},[45,30629,73],{"class":59},[45,30631,30632],{"class":96}," 21",[45,30634,84],{"class":59},[45,30636,76],{"class":63},[45,30638,104],{"class":67},[45,30640,64],{"class":63},[45,30642,73],{"class":59},[45,30644,76],{"class":63},[45,30646,113],{"class":67},[45,30648,64],{"class":63},[45,30650,30651],{"class":59},"})\n",[45,30653,30654,30656,30658,30660],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,30655,153],{"class":152},[45,30657,156],{"class":59},[45,30659,446],{"class":135},[45,30661,161],{"class":59},[45,30663,30664],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,30665,30666],{"class":1712},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30668,1006,30669,30671],{},[15,30670,15147],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[31,30673,253,30675,256],{"id":30674},"what-update-does",[15,30676,15147],{},[20,30678,30679,30681],{},[15,30680,15147],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30683,30684],{},"It can do two main things:",[258,30686,30687,30690],{},[261,30688,30689],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[261,30691,30692],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30694,30695],{},"Important things to know:",[258,30697,30698,30701,30704,30708],{},[261,30699,30700],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[261,30702,30703],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[261,30705,1610,30706],{},[15,30707,4006],{},[261,30709,30710],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30712,361],{},[36,30714,30716],{"className":38,"code":30715,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30717,30718,30760,30802],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30719,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30751,30753,30756,30758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30721,52],{"class":51},[45,30723,56],{"class":55},[45,30725,60],{"class":59},[45,30727,64],{"class":63},[45,30729,68],{"class":67},[45,30731,64],{"class":63},[45,30733,73],{"class":59},[45,30735,76],{"class":63},[45,30737,30738],{"class":67},"Mira",[45,30740,64],{"class":63},[45,30742,84],{"class":59},[45,30744,76],{"class":63},[45,30746,20070],{"class":67},[45,30748,64],{"class":63},[45,30750,73],{"class":59},[45,30752,76],{"class":63},[45,30754,30755],{"class":67},"B",[45,30757,64],{"class":63},[45,30759,118],{"class":59},[45,30761,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30763,1255],{"class":51},[45,30765,132],{"class":59},[45,30767,30619],{"class":135},[45,30769,5750],{"class":59},[45,30771,64],{"class":63},[45,30773,20070],{"class":67},[45,30775,64],{"class":63},[45,30777,73],{"class":59},[45,30779,76],{"class":63},[45,30781,22420],{"class":67},[45,30783,64],{"class":63},[45,30785,84],{"class":59},[45,30787,76],{"class":63},[45,30789,104],{"class":67},[45,30791,64],{"class":63},[45,30793,73],{"class":59},[45,30795,76],{"class":63},[45,30797,465],{"class":67},[45,30799,64],{"class":63},[45,30801,30651],{"class":59},[45,30803,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,30805,153],{"class":152},[45,30807,156],{"class":59},[45,30809,1255],{"class":135},[45,30811,161],{"class":59},[20,30813,182],{},[36,30815,30817],{"className":38,"code":30816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30818,30819],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30820,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30822,9495],{"class":59},[45,30824,198],{"class":63},[45,30826,68],{"class":67},[45,30828,198],{"class":63},[45,30830,73],{"class":59},[45,30832,211],{"class":63},[45,30834,30738],{"class":67},[45,30836,198],{"class":63},[45,30838,84],{"class":59},[45,30840,211],{"class":63},[45,30842,20070],{"class":67},[45,30844,198],{"class":63},[45,30846,73],{"class":59},[45,30848,211],{"class":63},[45,30850,22420],{"class":67},[45,30852,198],{"class":63},[45,30854,84],{"class":59},[45,30856,211],{"class":63},[45,30858,104],{"class":67},[45,30860,198],{"class":63},[45,30862,73],{"class":59},[45,30864,211],{"class":63},[45,30866,465],{"class":67},[45,30868,198],{"class":63},[45,30870,118],{"class":59},[20,30872,9370,30873,132],{},[277,30874,24796],{"href":279},[31,30876,284],{"id":283},[20,30878,30879],{},"The basic form is:",[36,30881,30883],{"className":38,"code":30882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30884,30885],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30886,30887,30889,30891,30893,30895,30898],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30888,15798],{"class":51},[45,30890,132],{"class":59},[45,30892,30619],{"class":135},[45,30894,156],{"class":59},[45,30896,30897],{"class":135},"other",[45,30899,161],{"class":59},[20,30901,30902,30904],{},[15,30903,30897],{}," can be:",[258,30906,30907,30910,30913],{},[261,30908,30909],{},"Another dictionary",[261,30911,30912],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[261,30914,30915],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30917,30918],{},"You can also use:",[36,30920,30922],{"className":38,"code":30921,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30923,30924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30925,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942,30944],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30927,15798],{"class":51},[45,30929,132],{"class":59},[45,30931,30619],{"class":135},[45,30933,156],{"class":59},[45,30935,68],{"class":9393},[45,30937,56],{"class":55},[45,30939,64],{"class":63},[45,30941,7898],{"class":67},[45,30943,64],{"class":63},[45,30945,161],{"class":59},[20,30947,30948],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30950,361],{},[36,30952,30954],{"className":38,"code":30953,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30955,30956,30976,30998],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,30959,1909],{"class":51},[45,30961,56],{"class":55},[45,30963,60],{"class":59},[45,30965,64],{"class":63},[45,30967,277],{"class":67},[45,30969,64],{"class":63},[45,30971,73],{"class":59},[45,30973,1049],{"class":96},[45,30975,118],{"class":59},[45,30977,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,30979,1947],{"class":51},[45,30981,132],{"class":59},[45,30983,30619],{"class":135},[45,30985,5750],{"class":59},[45,30987,64],{"class":63},[45,30989,277],{"class":67},[45,30991,64],{"class":63},[45,30993,73],{"class":59},[45,30995,6225],{"class":96},[45,30997,30651],{"class":59},[45,30999,31000,31002,31004,31006],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31001,153],{"class":152},[45,31003,156],{"class":59},[45,31005,1947],{"class":135},[45,31007,161],{"class":59},[20,31009,182],{},[36,31011,31013],{"className":38,"code":31012,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31014,31015],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31016,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31018,9495],{"class":59},[45,31020,198],{"class":63},[45,31022,277],{"class":67},[45,31024,198],{"class":63},[45,31026,73],{"class":59},[45,31028,6225],{"class":96},[45,31030,118],{"class":59},[31,31032,1797,31034,31036],{"id":31033},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31035,15147],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31038,31039,31040,132],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31041,15147],{},[20,31043,31044],{},"It is useful when:",[258,31046,31047,31050,31053],{},[261,31048,31049],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[261,31051,31052],{},"Adding extra settings",[261,31054,31055],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31057,361],{},[36,31059,31061],{"className":38,"code":31060,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31062,31063,31100,31137,31141,31156],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31064,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31066,14018],{"class":51},[45,31068,56],{"class":55},[45,31070,60],{"class":59},[45,31072,64],{"class":63},[45,31074,12696],{"class":67},[45,31076,64],{"class":63},[45,31078,73],{"class":59},[45,31080,76],{"class":63},[45,31082,21106],{"class":67},[45,31084,64],{"class":63},[45,31086,84],{"class":59},[45,31088,76],{"class":63},[45,31090,14043],{"class":67},[45,31092,64],{"class":63},[45,31094,73],{"class":59},[45,31096,31097],{"class":96}," 12",[45,31099,118],{"class":59},[45,31101,31102,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31103,31104],{"class":51},"new_settings ",[45,31106,56],{"class":55},[45,31108,60],{"class":59},[45,31110,64],{"class":63},[45,31112,14043],{"class":67},[45,31114,64],{"class":63},[45,31116,73],{"class":59},[45,31118,14050],{"class":96},[45,31120,84],{"class":59},[45,31122,76],{"class":63},[45,31124,20301],{"class":67},[45,31126,64],{"class":63},[45,31128,73],{"class":59},[45,31130,76],{"class":63},[45,31132,20335],{"class":67},[45,31134,64],{"class":63},[45,31136,118],{"class":59},[45,31138,31139],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31140,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,31142,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31154],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,31144,14077],{"class":51},[45,31146,132],{"class":59},[45,31148,30619],{"class":135},[45,31150,156],{"class":59},[45,31152,31153],{"class":135},"new_settings",[45,31155,161],{"class":59},[45,31157,31158,31160,31162,31164],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,31159,153],{"class":152},[45,31161,156],{"class":59},[45,31163,14077],{"class":135},[45,31165,161],{"class":59},[20,31167,182],{},[36,31169,31171],{"className":38,"code":31170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31172,31173],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31174,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31187,31189,31191,31193,31195,31197,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31176,9495],{"class":59},[45,31178,198],{"class":63},[45,31180,12696],{"class":67},[45,31182,198],{"class":63},[45,31184,73],{"class":59},[45,31186,211],{"class":63},[45,31188,21106],{"class":67},[45,31190,198],{"class":63},[45,31192,84],{"class":59},[45,31194,211],{"class":63},[45,31196,14043],{"class":67},[45,31198,198],{"class":63},[45,31200,73],{"class":59},[45,31202,14050],{"class":96},[45,31204,84],{"class":59},[45,31206,211],{"class":63},[45,31208,20301],{"class":67},[45,31210,198],{"class":63},[45,31212,73],{"class":59},[45,31214,211],{"class":63},[45,31216,20335],{"class":67},[45,31218,198],{"class":63},[45,31220,118],{"class":59},[20,31222,13603],{},[258,31224,31225,31230],{},[261,31226,31227,31229],{},[15,31228,14043],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[261,31231,31232,31234],{},[15,31233,20301],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31236,31237,31238,132],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[277,31239,31241],{"href":31240},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[31,31243,1797,31245,31247],{"id":31244},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31246,15147],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31249,31250,31252],{},[15,31251,15147],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31254,31255],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[36,31257,31259],{"className":38,"code":31258,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31260,31261,31281,31315,31319,31333],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31262,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31264,866],{"class":51},[45,31266,56],{"class":55},[45,31268,60],{"class":59},[45,31270,64],{"class":63},[45,31272,875],{"class":67},[45,31274,64],{"class":63},[45,31276,73],{"class":59},[45,31278,882],{"class":96},[45,31280,118],{"class":59},[45,31282,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31284,9432],{"class":51},[45,31286,56],{"class":55},[45,31288,9437],{"class":59},[45,31290,64],{"class":63},[45,31292,903],{"class":67},[45,31294,64],{"class":63},[45,31296,84],{"class":59},[45,31298,896],{"class":96},[45,31300,9450],{"class":59},[45,31302,9453],{"class":59},[45,31304,64],{"class":63},[45,31306,889],{"class":67},[45,31308,64],{"class":63},[45,31310,84],{"class":59},[45,31312,910],{"class":96},[45,31314,9466],{"class":59},[45,31316,31317],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31318,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,31320,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,31322,16582],{"class":51},[45,31324,132],{"class":59},[45,31326,30619],{"class":135},[45,31328,156],{"class":59},[45,31330,9479],{"class":135},[45,31332,161],{"class":59},[45,31334,31335,31337,31339,31341],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,31336,153],{"class":152},[45,31338,156],{"class":59},[45,31340,16582],{"class":135},[45,31342,161],{"class":59},[20,31344,182],{},[36,31346,31348],{"className":38,"code":31347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31349,31350],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31351,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31353,9495],{"class":59},[45,31355,198],{"class":63},[45,31357,875],{"class":67},[45,31359,198],{"class":63},[45,31361,73],{"class":59},[45,31363,882],{"class":96},[45,31365,84],{"class":59},[45,31367,211],{"class":63},[45,31369,903],{"class":67},[45,31371,198],{"class":63},[45,31373,73],{"class":59},[45,31375,896],{"class":96},[45,31377,84],{"class":59},[45,31379,211],{"class":63},[45,31381,889],{"class":67},[45,31383,198],{"class":63},[45,31385,73],{"class":59},[45,31387,910],{"class":96},[45,31389,118],{"class":59},[20,31391,31392],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[258,31394,31395,31398],{},[261,31396,31397],{},"The key",[261,31399,31400],{},"The value",[20,31402,31403],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31405,31406],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[36,31408,31410],{"className":38,"code":31409,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31411,31412,31432,31457,31461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31413,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428,31430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31415,1909],{"class":51},[45,31417,56],{"class":55},[45,31419,60],{"class":59},[45,31421,64],{"class":63},[45,31423,277],{"class":67},[45,31425,64],{"class":63},[45,31427,73],{"class":59},[45,31429,1049],{"class":96},[45,31431,118],{"class":59},[45,31433,31434,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31435,31436],{"class":51},"bad_pairs ",[45,31438,56],{"class":55},[45,31440,9437],{"class":59},[45,31442,64],{"class":63},[45,31444,1930],{"class":67},[45,31446,64],{"class":63},[45,31448,84],{"class":59},[45,31450,1035],{"class":96},[45,31452,84],{"class":59},[45,31454,1063],{"class":96},[45,31456,9466],{"class":59},[45,31458,31459],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31460,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,31462,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31474],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,31464,1947],{"class":51},[45,31466,132],{"class":59},[45,31468,30619],{"class":135},[45,31470,156],{"class":59},[45,31472,31473],{"class":135},"bad_pairs",[45,31475,161],{"class":59},[20,31477,31478],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31480,31481],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[31,31483,31485],{"id":31484},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31487,31488],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[36,31490,31492],{"className":38,"code":31491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31493,31494,31518,31550],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31495,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31497,11690],{"class":51},[45,31499,56],{"class":55},[45,31501,60],{"class":59},[45,31503,64],{"class":63},[45,31505,68],{"class":67},[45,31507,64],{"class":63},[45,31509,73],{"class":59},[45,31511,76],{"class":63},[45,31513,29070],{"class":67},[45,31515,64],{"class":63},[45,31517,118],{"class":59},[45,31519,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31539,31541,31543,31546,31548],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31521,11784],{"class":51},[45,31523,132],{"class":59},[45,31525,30619],{"class":135},[45,31527,156],{"class":59},[45,31529,89],{"class":9393},[45,31531,56],{"class":55},[45,31533,9411],{"class":96},[45,31535,84],{"class":59},[45,31537,31538],{"class":9393}," city",[45,31540,56],{"class":55},[45,31542,64],{"class":63},[45,31544,31545],{"class":67},"Madrid",[45,31547,64],{"class":63},[45,31549,161],{"class":59},[45,31551,31552,31554,31556,31558],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31553,153],{"class":152},[45,31555,156],{"class":59},[45,31557,11784],{"class":135},[45,31559,161],{"class":59},[20,31561,182],{},[36,31563,31565],{"className":38,"code":31564,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31566,31567],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31568,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31570,9495],{"class":59},[45,31572,198],{"class":63},[45,31574,68],{"class":67},[45,31576,198],{"class":63},[45,31578,73],{"class":59},[45,31580,211],{"class":63},[45,31582,29070],{"class":67},[45,31584,198],{"class":63},[45,31586,84],{"class":59},[45,31588,211],{"class":63},[45,31590,89],{"class":67},[45,31592,198],{"class":63},[45,31594,73],{"class":59},[45,31596,403],{"class":96},[45,31598,84],{"class":59},[45,31600,211],{"class":63},[45,31602,104],{"class":67},[45,31604,198],{"class":63},[45,31606,73],{"class":59},[45,31608,211],{"class":63},[45,31610,31545],{"class":67},[45,31612,198],{"class":63},[45,31614,118],{"class":59},[20,31616,31617],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31619,31620],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31622,31623],{},"These work:",[258,31625,31626,31630,31634],{},[261,31627,31628],{},[15,31629,89],{},[261,31631,31632],{},[15,31633,104],{},[261,31635,31636],{},[15,31637,31638],{},"first_name",[20,31640,31641],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[258,31643,31644,31649],{},[261,31645,31646],{},[15,31647,31648],{},"\"first name\"",[261,31650,31651],{},[15,31652,31653],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31655,31656],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[36,31658,31660],{"className":38,"code":31659,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31661,31662,31670,31710],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31663,31664,31666,31668],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31665,11690],{"class":51},[45,31667,56],{"class":55},[45,31669,10050],{"class":59},[45,31671,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31701,31703,31705,31708],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31673,11784],{"class":51},[45,31675,132],{"class":59},[45,31677,30619],{"class":135},[45,31679,5750],{"class":59},[45,31681,64],{"class":63},[45,31683,10723],{"class":67},[45,31685,64],{"class":63},[45,31687,73],{"class":59},[45,31689,76],{"class":63},[45,31691,29070],{"class":67},[45,31693,64],{"class":63},[45,31695,84],{"class":59},[45,31697,76],{"class":63},[45,31699,31700],{"class":67},"user-id",[45,31702,64],{"class":63},[45,31704,73],{"class":59},[45,31706,31707],{"class":96}," 1001",[45,31709,30651],{"class":59},[45,31711,31712,31714,31716,31718],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31713,153],{"class":152},[45,31715,156],{"class":59},[45,31717,11784],{"class":135},[45,31719,161],{"class":59},[31,31721,17601],{"id":17600},[20,31723,31724,2627,31726,132],{},[15,31725,15147],{},[15,31727,4006],{},[20,31729,14241],{},[20,31731,24876],{},[36,31733,31735],{"className":38,"code":31734,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31736,31737,31761,31787,31791,31801],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31738,31739,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31740,371],{"class":51},[45,31742,56],{"class":55},[45,31744,60],{"class":59},[45,31746,64],{"class":63},[45,31748,68],{"class":67},[45,31750,64],{"class":63},[45,31752,73],{"class":59},[45,31754,76],{"class":63},[45,31756,79],{"class":67},[45,31758,64],{"class":63},[45,31760,118],{"class":59},[45,31762,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31764,716],{"class":51},[45,31766,56],{"class":55},[45,31768,419],{"class":51},[45,31770,132],{"class":59},[45,31772,30619],{"class":135},[45,31774,5750],{"class":59},[45,31776,64],{"class":63},[45,31778,89],{"class":67},[45,31780,64],{"class":63},[45,31782,73],{"class":59},[45,31784,97],{"class":96},[45,31786,30651],{"class":59},[45,31788,31789],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31790,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,31792,31793,31795,31797,31799],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,31794,153],{"class":152},[45,31796,156],{"class":59},[45,31798,740],{"class":135},[45,31800,161],{"class":59},[45,31802,31803,31805,31807,31809],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,31804,153],{"class":152},[45,31806,156],{"class":59},[45,31808,446],{"class":135},[45,31810,161],{"class":59},[20,31812,182],{},[36,31814,31816],{"className":38,"code":31815,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31817,31818,31822],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31819,31820],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31821,12009],{"class":4080},[45,31823,31824,31826,31828,31830,31832,31834,31836,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31825,9495],{"class":59},[45,31827,198],{"class":63},[45,31829,68],{"class":67},[45,31831,198],{"class":63},[45,31833,73],{"class":59},[45,31835,211],{"class":63},[45,31837,79],{"class":67},[45,31839,198],{"class":63},[45,31841,84],{"class":59},[45,31843,211],{"class":63},[45,31845,89],{"class":67},[45,31847,198],{"class":63},[45,31849,73],{"class":59},[45,31851,97],{"class":96},[45,31853,118],{"class":59},[20,31855,16848],{},[36,31857,31859],{"className":38,"code":31858,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31860,31861,31885,31907,31911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31862,31863,31865,31867,31869,31871,31873,31875,31877,31879,31881,31883],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31864,371],{"class":51},[45,31866,56],{"class":55},[45,31868,60],{"class":59},[45,31870,64],{"class":63},[45,31872,68],{"class":67},[45,31874,64],{"class":63},[45,31876,73],{"class":59},[45,31878,76],{"class":63},[45,31880,79],{"class":67},[45,31882,64],{"class":63},[45,31884,118],{"class":59},[45,31886,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897,31899,31901,31903,31905],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,31888,446],{"class":51},[45,31890,132],{"class":59},[45,31892,30619],{"class":135},[45,31894,5750],{"class":59},[45,31896,64],{"class":63},[45,31898,89],{"class":67},[45,31900,64],{"class":63},[45,31902,73],{"class":59},[45,31904,97],{"class":96},[45,31906,30651],{"class":59},[45,31908,31909],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,31910,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,31912,31913,31915,31917,31919],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,31914,153],{"class":152},[45,31916,156],{"class":59},[45,31918,446],{"class":135},[45,31920,161],{"class":59},[20,31922,182],{},[36,31924,31926],{"className":38,"code":31925,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31927,31928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31929,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31931,9495],{"class":59},[45,31933,198],{"class":63},[45,31935,68],{"class":67},[45,31937,198],{"class":63},[45,31939,73],{"class":59},[45,31941,211],{"class":63},[45,31943,79],{"class":67},[45,31945,198],{"class":63},[45,31947,84],{"class":59},[45,31949,211],{"class":63},[45,31951,89],{"class":67},[45,31953,198],{"class":63},[45,31955,73],{"class":59},[45,31957,97],{"class":96},[45,31959,118],{"class":59},[20,31961,31962,31963,132],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[277,31964,18085],{"href":10940},[31,31966,5185,31968],{"id":31967},"when-to-use-update",[15,31969,15147],{},[20,31971,1006,31972,10811],{},[15,31973,15147],{},[258,31975,31976,31979,31982,31985],{},[261,31977,31978],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[261,31980,31981],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[261,31983,31984],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[261,31986,31987],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31989,31990],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[36,31992,31994],{"className":38,"code":31993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31995,31996,32032,32047,32051,32090,32094,32104],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,31997,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,31999,12287],{"class":51},[45,32001,56],{"class":55},[45,32003,60],{"class":59},[45,32005,64],{"class":63},[45,32007,68],{"class":67},[45,32009,64],{"class":63},[45,32011,73],{"class":59},[45,32013,76],{"class":63},[45,32015,79],{"class":67},[45,32017,64],{"class":63},[45,32019,84],{"class":59},[45,32021,76],{"class":63},[45,32023,89],{"class":67},[45,32025,64],{"class":63},[45,32027,73],{"class":59},[45,32029,97],{"class":96},[45,32031,118],{"class":59},[45,32033,32034,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32035,32036],{"class":51},"updated ",[45,32038,56],{"class":55},[45,32040,12362],{"class":51},[45,32042,132],{"class":59},[45,32044,13110],{"class":135},[45,32046,139],{"class":59},[45,32048,32049],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,32050,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,32052,32053,32056,32058,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,32054,32055],{"class":51},"updated",[45,32057,132],{"class":59},[45,32059,30619],{"class":135},[45,32061,5750],{"class":59},[45,32063,64],{"class":63},[45,32065,89],{"class":67},[45,32067,64],{"class":63},[45,32069,73],{"class":59},[45,32071,30632],{"class":96},[45,32073,84],{"class":59},[45,32075,76],{"class":63},[45,32077,104],{"class":67},[45,32079,64],{"class":63},[45,32081,73],{"class":59},[45,32083,76],{"class":63},[45,32085,113],{"class":67},[45,32087,64],{"class":63},[45,32089,30651],{"class":59},[45,32091,32092],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,32093,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,32095,32096,32098,32100,32102],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,32097,153],{"class":152},[45,32099,156],{"class":59},[45,32101,12334],{"class":135},[45,32103,161],{"class":59},[45,32105,32106,32108,32110,32112],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,32107,153],{"class":152},[45,32109,156],{"class":59},[45,32111,32055],{"class":135},[45,32113,161],{"class":59},[20,32115,182],{},[36,32117,32119],{"className":38,"code":32118,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32120,32121,32153],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32122,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32124,9495],{"class":59},[45,32126,198],{"class":63},[45,32128,68],{"class":67},[45,32130,198],{"class":63},[45,32132,73],{"class":59},[45,32134,211],{"class":63},[45,32136,79],{"class":67},[45,32138,198],{"class":63},[45,32140,84],{"class":59},[45,32142,211],{"class":63},[45,32144,89],{"class":67},[45,32146,198],{"class":63},[45,32148,73],{"class":59},[45,32150,97],{"class":96},[45,32152,118],{"class":59},[45,32154,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165,32167,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32156,9495],{"class":59},[45,32158,198],{"class":63},[45,32160,68],{"class":67},[45,32162,198],{"class":63},[45,32164,73],{"class":59},[45,32166,211],{"class":63},[45,32168,79],{"class":67},[45,32170,198],{"class":63},[45,32172,84],{"class":59},[45,32174,211],{"class":63},[45,32176,89],{"class":67},[45,32178,198],{"class":63},[45,32180,73],{"class":59},[45,32182,30632],{"class":96},[45,32184,84],{"class":59},[45,32186,211],{"class":63},[45,32188,104],{"class":67},[45,32190,198],{"class":63},[45,32192,73],{"class":59},[45,32194,211],{"class":63},[45,32196,113],{"class":67},[45,32198,198],{"class":63},[45,32200,118],{"class":59},[20,32202,32203,32204,132],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[277,32205,16791],{"href":16790},[31,32207,3061],{"id":3060},[20,32209,10955,32210,73],{},[15,32211,15147],{},[258,32213,32214,32221,32225,32228,32231],{},[261,32215,12796,32216,32218,32219],{},[15,32217,15147],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32220,4006],{},[261,32222,8670,32223,12804],{},[15,32224,15147],{},[261,32226,32227],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[261,32229,32230],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[261,32232,32233],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32235,32236],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[36,32238,32240],{"className":38,"code":32239,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32241,32242,32252,32266,32280,32302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,32243,32244,32246,32248,32250],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,32245,153],{"class":152},[45,32247,156],{"class":59},[45,32249,294],{"class":135},[45,32251,161],{"class":59},[45,32253,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,32255,153],{"class":152},[45,32257,156],{"class":59},[45,32259,1478],{"class":171},[45,32261,156],{"class":59},[45,32263,1947],{"class":135},[45,32265,179],{"class":59},[45,32267,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,32269,153],{"class":152},[45,32271,156],{"class":59},[45,32273,172],{"class":171},[45,32275,156],{"class":59},[45,32277,1947],{"class":135},[45,32279,179],{"class":59},[45,32281,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,32283,153],{"class":152},[45,32285,156],{"class":59},[45,32287,294],{"class":135},[45,32289,132],{"class":59},[45,32291,19929],{"class":135},[45,32293,156],{"class":59},[45,32295,198],{"class":63},[45,32297,15034],{"class":67},[45,32299,198],{"class":63},[45,32301,179],{"class":59},[45,32303,32304,32307,32309,32311,32313,32315],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,32305,32306],{"class":152},"help",[45,32308,156],{"class":59},[45,32310,9039],{"class":171},[45,32312,132],{"class":59},[45,32314,30619],{"class":1863},[45,32316,161],{"class":59},[20,32318,32319],{},"These can help you check:",[258,32321,32322,32325,32330,32333,32336],{},[261,32323,32324],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[261,32326,32327,32328],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32329,15147],{},[261,32331,32332],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[261,32334,32335],{},"Whether a key exists",[261,32337,32338],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32340,32341,32342,132],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[277,32343,11469],{"href":11282},[31,32345,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,32347,2062,32349,32351],{"id":32348},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32350,15147],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32353,32354,32355,132],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32356,4006],{},[1398,32358,2062,32360,32362],{"id":32359},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32361,15147],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32364,32365],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1398,32367,5390,32369,32371],{"id":32368},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32370,15147],{}," add new keys?",[20,32373,32374],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1398,32376,28485,32378,32380],{"id":32377},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32379,15147],{}," with a list?",[20,32382,32383,32384,132],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32385,11302],{},[1398,32387,5400,32389,32391],{"id":32388},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32390,15147],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32393,32394,32395,32397],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32396,15147],{}," can change many keys at once.",[31,32399,2114],{"id":2113},[258,32401,32402,32406,32410,32415,32419],{},[261,32403,32404],{},[277,32405,26251],{"href":279},[261,32407,32408],{},[277,32409,11458],{"href":10940},[261,32411,32412],{},[277,32413,32414],{"href":31240},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[261,32416,32417],{},[277,32418,21636],{"href":16790},[261,32420,32421],{},[277,32422,11469],{"href":11282},[2154,32424,32425],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34297,"toc":35679},[34298,34304,34309,34312,34328,34337,34339,34371,34377,34380,34475,34478,34483,34488,34491,34502,34504,34518,34524,34526,34531,34537,34540,34579,34587,34592,34595,34640,34643,34655,34661,34667,34671,34704,34707,34725,34728,34732,34771,34773,34793,34796,34808,34813,34819,34822,34877,34880,34891,34894,34905,34908,34912,34918,34920,34950,34953,34968,34971,34974,34993,34996,35012,35021,35023,35054,35060,35065,35068,35075,35106,35109,35131,35134,35137,35151,35155,35186,35201,35208,35215,35219,35227,35231,35239,35242,35291,35302,35304,35307,35313,35318,35328,35332,35335,35338,35342,35345,35347,35368,35372,35378,35389,35395,35397,35403,35427,35430,35493,35496,35524,35527,35589,35591,35596,35599,35606,35614,35621,35624,35632,35638,35640,35667,35676],[10,34299,3802,34301,3806],{"id":34300},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34302,34303],{},"dir()",[20,34305,22,34306,34308],{},[15,34307,34303],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34310,34311],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[258,34313,34314,34317,34320,34325],{},[261,34315,34316],{},"learning Python",[261,34318,34319],{},"exploring a new object",[261,34321,34322,34323],{},"debugging an ",[15,34324,1490],{},[261,34326,34327],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34329,34330,34331,34333,34334],{},"In short, ",[15,34332,34303],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[355,34335,34336],{},"“What can I use here?”",[31,34338,34],{"id":33},[36,34340,34342],{"className":38,"code":34341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34343,34344,34356],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34345,34346,34348,34350,34352,34354],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34347,8097],{"class":51},[45,34349,56],{"class":55},[45,34351,76],{"class":63},[45,34353,4073],{"class":67},[45,34355,468],{"class":63},[45,34357,34358,34360,34362,34365,34367,34369],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34359,153],{"class":152},[45,34361,156],{"class":59},[45,34363,34364],{"class":152},"dir",[45,34366,156],{"class":59},[45,34368,68],{"class":135},[45,34370,179],{"class":59},[20,34372,1006,34373,34376],{},[15,34374,34375],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34378,34379],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[36,34381,34383],{"className":38,"code":34382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34384,34385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34386,34387,34389,34391,34394,34396,34398,34400,34403,34405,34407,34409,34412,34414,34416,34418,34421,34423,34425,34427,34430,34432,34434,34436,34439,34441,34443,34447,34449,34451,34453,34455,34457,34459,34462,34464,34466,34468,34471,34473],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34388,223],{"class":59},[45,34390,198],{"class":63},[45,34392,34393],{"class":67},"__add__",[45,34395,198],{"class":63},[45,34397,84],{"class":59},[45,34399,211],{"class":63},[45,34401,34402],{"class":67},"__class__",[45,34404,198],{"class":63},[45,34406,84],{"class":59},[45,34408,211],{"class":63},[45,34410,34411],{"class":67},"__contains__",[45,34413,198],{"class":63},[45,34415,84],{"class":59},[45,34417,211],{"class":63},[45,34419,34420],{"class":67},"__delattr__",[45,34422,198],{"class":63},[45,34424,84],{"class":59},[45,34426,211],{"class":63},[45,34428,34429],{"class":67},"__dir__",[45,34431,198],{"class":63},[45,34433,84],{"class":59},[45,34435,211],{"class":63},[45,34437,34438],{"class":67},"__doc__",[45,34440,198],{"class":63},[45,34442,84],{"class":59},[45,34444,34446],{"class":34445},"s_hVV"," ...",[45,34448,84],{"class":59},[45,34450,211],{"class":63},[45,34452,8858],{"class":67},[45,34454,198],{"class":63},[45,34456,84],{"class":59},[45,34458,211],{"class":63},[45,34460,34461],{"class":67},"split",[45,34463,198],{"class":63},[45,34465,84],{"class":59},[45,34467,211],{"class":63},[45,34469,34470],{"class":67},"upper",[45,34472,198],{"class":63},[45,34474,244],{"class":59},[20,34476,34477],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[31,34479,253,34481,256],{"id":34480},"what-dir-does",[15,34482,34303],{},[20,34484,34485,34487],{},[15,34486,34303],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34489,34490],{},"It usually includes:",[258,34492,34493,34496,34499],{},[261,34494,34495],{},"attributes",[261,34497,34498],{},"methods",[261,34500,34501],{},"special Python names",[20,34503,11663],{},[258,34505,34506,34512,34515],{},[261,34507,34508,34509],{},"The result is a ",[355,34510,34511],{},"list of strings",[261,34513,34514],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[261,34516,34517],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34519,34520,34521,34523],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34522,34303],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[31,34525,284],{"id":283},[20,34527,34528,34530],{},[15,34529,34303],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1398,34532,34534,34536],{"id":34533},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34535,34303],{}," with no argument",[20,34538,34539],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[36,34541,34543],{"className":38,"code":34542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34544,34545,34553,34565,34569],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34546,34547,34549,34551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34548,3255],{"class":51},[45,34550,56],{"class":55},[45,34552,2817],{"class":96},[45,34554,34555,34557,34559,34561,34563],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34556,8097],{"class":51},[45,34558,56],{"class":55},[45,34560,76],{"class":63},[45,34562,7898],{"class":67},[45,34564,468],{"class":63},[45,34566,34567],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,34568,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,34570,34571,34573,34575,34577],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,34572,153],{"class":152},[45,34574,156],{"class":59},[45,34576,34364],{"class":152},[45,34578,598],{"class":59},[20,34580,34581,34582,329,34584,34586],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34583,2403],{},[15,34585,68],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1398,34588,34590],{"id":34589},"dirobject",[15,34591,34375],{},[20,34593,34594],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[36,34596,34598],{"className":38,"code":34597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34599,34600,34618],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34601,34602,34604,34606,34608,34610,34612,34614,34616],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34603,153],{"class":152},[45,34605,156],{"class":59},[45,34607,34364],{"class":152},[45,34609,156],{"class":59},[45,34611,64],{"class":63},[45,34613,4073],{"class":67},[45,34615,64],{"class":63},[45,34617,179],{"class":59},[45,34619,34620,34622,34624,34626,34628,34630,34632,34634,34636,34638],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34621,153],{"class":152},[45,34623,156],{"class":59},[45,34625,34364],{"class":152},[45,34627,195],{"class":59},[45,34629,1430],{"class":96},[45,34631,84],{"class":59},[45,34633,1035],{"class":96},[45,34635,84],{"class":59},[45,34637,1063],{"class":96},[45,34639,3229],{"class":59},[20,34641,34642],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[258,34644,34645,34647,34649,34652],{},[261,34646,5530],{},[261,34648,5521],{},[261,34650,34651],{},"modules",[261,34653,34654],{},"custom objects",[31,34656,1797,34658,34660],{"id":34657},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34659,34303],{}," with a value",[20,34662,34663,34664,34666],{},"A common use of ",[15,34665,34303],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1398,34668,34670],{"id":34669},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[36,34672,34674],{"className":38,"code":34673,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34675,34676,34689],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34677,34678,34681,34683,34685,34687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34679,34680],{"class":51},"text ",[45,34682,56],{"class":55},[45,34684,76],{"class":63},[45,34686,4073],{"class":67},[45,34688,468],{"class":63},[45,34690,34691,34693,34695,34697,34699,34702],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34692,153],{"class":152},[45,34694,156],{"class":59},[45,34696,34364],{"class":152},[45,34698,156],{"class":59},[45,34700,34701],{"class":135},"text",[45,34703,179],{"class":59},[20,34705,34706],{},"You will see method names like:",[258,34708,34709,34713,34717,34721],{},[261,34710,34711],{},[15,34712,8858],{},[261,34714,34715],{},[15,34716,34470],{},[261,34718,34719],{},[15,34720,34461],{},[261,34722,34723],{},[15,34724,8852],{},[20,34726,34727],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1398,34729,34731],{"id":34730},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[36,34733,34735],{"className":38,"code":34734,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34736,34737,34757],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34738,34739,34741,34743,34745,34747,34749,34751,34753,34755],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34740,3846],{"class":51},[45,34742,56],{"class":55},[45,34744,1427],{"class":59},[45,34746,1430],{"class":96},[45,34748,84],{"class":59},[45,34750,1035],{"class":96},[45,34752,84],{"class":59},[45,34754,1063],{"class":96},[45,34756,244],{"class":59},[45,34758,34759,34761,34763,34765,34767,34769],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34760,153],{"class":152},[45,34762,156],{"class":59},[45,34764,34364],{"class":152},[45,34766,156],{"class":59},[45,34768,3876],{"class":135},[45,34770,179],{"class":59},[20,34772,34706],{},[258,34774,34775,34779,34783,34788],{},[261,34776,34777],{},[15,34778,13746],{},[261,34780,34781],{},[15,34782,26397],{},[261,34784,34785],{},[15,34786,34787],{},"remove",[261,34789,34790],{},[15,34791,34792],{},"sort",[20,34794,34795],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34797,34798,34799,34804,34805,34807],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[277,34800,34802],{"href":34801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34803,2531],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34806,34303],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[31,34809,1797,34811,34536],{"id":34810},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34812,34303],{},[20,34814,34815,34816,34818],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34817,34303],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34820,34821],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[36,34823,34825],{"className":38,"code":34824,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34826,34827,34836,34840,34851,34863,34867],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34828,34829,34831,34833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34830,3255],{"class":51},[45,34832,56],{"class":55},[45,34834,34835],{"class":96}," 5\n",[45,34837,34838],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34839,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,34841,34842,34845,34849],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,34843,34844],{"class":1597},"def",[45,34846,34848],{"class":34847},"sGLFI"," greet",[45,34850,937],{"class":59},[45,34852,34853,34856,34858,34861],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,34854,34855],{"class":921},"    return",[45,34857,76],{"class":63},[45,34859,34860],{"class":67},"Hello",[45,34862,468],{"class":63},[45,34864,34865],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,34866,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,34868,34869,34871,34873,34875],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,34870,153],{"class":152},[45,34872,156],{"class":59},[45,34874,34364],{"class":152},[45,34876,598],{"class":59},[20,34878,34879],{},"The output will include names like:",[258,34881,34882,34886],{},[261,34883,34884],{},[15,34885,2403],{},[261,34887,34888],{},[15,34889,34890],{},"greet",[20,34892,34893],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[258,34895,34896,34899,34902],{},[261,34897,34898],{},"what variables exist",[261,34900,34901],{},"what functions you have defined",[261,34903,34904],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34906,34907],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[31,34909,34911],{"id":34910},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34913,34914,34915,34917],{},"When you first use ",[15,34916,34303],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34919,361],{},[36,34921,34922],{"className":38,"code":34673,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,34923,34924,34936],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,34925,34926,34928,34930,34932,34934],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,34927,34680],{"class":51},[45,34929,56],{"class":55},[45,34931,76],{"class":63},[45,34933,4073],{"class":67},[45,34935,468],{"class":63},[45,34937,34938,34940,34942,34944,34946,34948],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,34939,153],{"class":152},[45,34941,156],{"class":59},[45,34943,34364],{"class":152},[45,34945,156],{"class":59},[45,34947,34701],{"class":135},[45,34949,179],{"class":59},[20,34951,34952],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[258,34954,34955,34959,34963],{},[261,34956,34957],{},[15,34958,34402],{},[261,34960,34961],{},[15,34962,34438],{},[261,34964,34965],{},[15,34966,34967],{},"__len__",[20,34969,34970],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34972,34973],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[258,34975,34976,34980,34984,34988],{},[261,34977,34978],{},[15,34979,34470],{},[261,34981,34982],{},[15,34983,8858],{},[261,34985,34986],{},[15,34987,34461],{},[261,34989,34990],{},[15,34991,34992],{},"replace",[20,34994,34995],{},"A key point to remember:",[258,34997,34998,35006],{},[261,34999,35000,35002,35003],{},[15,35001,34303],{}," lists ",[355,35004,35005],{},"names only",[261,35007,35008,35009,35011],{},"it does ",[355,35010,4854],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35013,35014,35015,132],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[277,35016,35018],{"href":35017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35019,35020],{},"help()",[20,35022,5693],{},[36,35024,35026],{"className":38,"code":35025,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35027,35028,35040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35029,35030,35032,35034,35036,35038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35031,8097],{"class":51},[45,35033,56],{"class":55},[45,35035,76],{"class":63},[45,35037,4073],{"class":67},[45,35039,468],{"class":63},[45,35041,35042,35044,35046,35048,35050,35052],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35043,32306],{"class":152},[45,35045,156],{"class":59},[45,35047,68],{"class":135},[45,35049,132],{"class":59},[45,35051,34470],{"class":1863},[45,35053,161],{"class":59},[31,35055,35057,35059],{"id":35056},"dir-on-modules",[15,35058,34303],{}," on modules",[20,35061,15908,35062,35064],{},[15,35063,34303],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35066,35067],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1398,35069,35071,35072,35074],{"id":35070},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35073,875],{}," module",[36,35076,35078],{"className":38,"code":35077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35079,35080,35088,35092],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35081,35082,35085],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35083,35084],{"class":921},"import",[45,35086,35087],{"class":51}," math\n",[45,35089,35090],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35091,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35093,35094,35096,35098,35100,35102,35104],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35095,153],{"class":152},[45,35097,156],{"class":59},[45,35099,34364],{"class":152},[45,35101,156],{"class":59},[45,35103,875],{"class":135},[45,35105,179],{"class":59},[20,35107,35108],{},"You may see names like:",[258,35110,35111,35116,35121,35126],{},[261,35112,35113],{},[15,35114,35115],{},"sqrt",[261,35117,35118],{},[15,35119,35120],{},"ceil",[261,35122,35123],{},[15,35124,35125],{},"floor",[261,35127,35128],{},[15,35129,35130],{},"pi",[20,35132,35133],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35135,35136],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[258,35138,35139,35145],{},[261,35140,35141],{},[277,35142,35144],{"href":35143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[261,35146,35147],{},[277,35148,35150],{"href":35149},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1398,35152,35154],{"id":35153},"another-example","Another example",[36,35156,35158],{"className":38,"code":35157,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35159,35160,35167,35171],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35161,35162,35164],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35163,35084],{"class":921},[45,35165,35166],{"class":51}," json\n",[45,35168,35169],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35170,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35172,35173,35175,35177,35179,35181,35184],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35174,153],{"class":152},[45,35176,156],{"class":59},[45,35178,34364],{"class":152},[45,35180,156],{"class":59},[45,35182,35183],{"class":135},"json",[45,35185,179],{"class":59},[20,35187,35188,35189,2419,35192,2419,35195,17257,35198,132],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35190,35191],{},"dump",[15,35193,35194],{},"dumps",[15,35196,35197],{},"load",[15,35199,35200],{},"loads",[31,35202,35204,1174,35206],{"id":35203},"dir-vs-help",[15,35205,34303],{},[15,35207,35020],{},[20,35209,35210,329,35212,35214],{},[15,35211,34303],{},[15,35213,35020],{}," are often used together.",[1398,35216,35217],{"id":34364},[15,35218,34303],{},[258,35220,35221,35224],{},[261,35222,35223],{},"shows available names",[261,35225,35226],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1398,35228,35229],{"id":32306},[15,35230,35020],{},[258,35232,35233,35236],{},[261,35234,35235],{},"explains what an object or function does",[261,35237,35238],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35240,35241],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[36,35243,35245],{"className":38,"code":35244,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35246,35247,35259,35263,35277],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35248,35249,35251,35253,35255,35257],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35250,8097],{"class":51},[45,35252,56],{"class":55},[45,35254,76],{"class":63},[45,35256,4073],{"class":67},[45,35258,468],{"class":63},[45,35260,35261],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35262,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35264,35265,35267,35269,35271,35273,35275],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35266,153],{"class":152},[45,35268,156],{"class":59},[45,35270,34364],{"class":152},[45,35272,156],{"class":59},[45,35274,68],{"class":135},[45,35276,179],{"class":59},[45,35278,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,35280,32306],{"class":152},[45,35282,156],{"class":59},[45,35284,68],{"class":135},[45,35286,132],{"class":59},[45,35288,34470],{"class":1863},[45,35290,161],{"class":59},[20,35292,1006,35293,35295,35296,35298,35299,35301],{},[15,35294,34303],{}," first to find a method name.",[10058,35297],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35300,35020],{}," to understand how to use it.",[31,35303,25519],{"id":25518},[20,35305,35306],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1398,35308,35310,35312],{"id":35309},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35311,34303],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35314,35315,35317],{},[15,35316,34303],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35319,35320,35321,35323,35324,35327],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35322,34470],{}," in ",[15,35325,35326],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1398,35329,35331],{"id":35330},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35333,35334],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35336,35337],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1398,35339,35341],{"id":35340},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35343,35344],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35346,5693],{},[258,35348,35349,35354,35360],{},[261,35350,35351,35353],{},[15,35352,35326],{}," shows string-related names",[261,35355,35356,35359],{},[15,35357,35358],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[261,35361,35362,35365,35366,35074],{},[15,35363,35364],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35367,875],{},[1398,35369,35371],{"id":35370},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35373,35374,35375,35377],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35376,34303],{}," does not mean you already know:",[258,35379,35380,35383,35386],{},[261,35381,35382],{},"what it does",[261,35384,35385],{},"what arguments it needs",[261,35387,35388],{},"what it returns",[20,35390,35391,35392,35394],{},"That is why ",[15,35393,35020],{}," is the natural next step.",[31,35396,3061],{"id":3060},[20,35398,35399,35400,35402],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35401,34303],{}," in these situations:",[258,35404,35405,35408,35417,35420],{},[261,35406,35407],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[261,35409,35410,35411,35416],{},"Seeing an ",[277,35412,35414],{"href":35413},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35415,1490],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[261,35418,35419],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[261,35421,1797,35422,35424,35425],{},[15,35423,34303],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35426,35020],{},[20,35428,35429],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[36,35431,35433],{"className":38,"code":35432,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35434,35435,35447,35451,35465,35479],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35436,35437,35439,35441,35443,35445],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35438,8097],{"class":51},[45,35440,56],{"class":55},[45,35442,76],{"class":63},[45,35444,4073],{"class":67},[45,35446,468],{"class":63},[45,35448,35449],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35450,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35452,35453,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35454,153],{"class":152},[45,35456,156],{"class":59},[45,35458,1478],{"class":171},[45,35460,156],{"class":59},[45,35462,68],{"class":135},[45,35464,179],{"class":59},[45,35466,35467,35469,35471,35473,35475,35477],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,35468,153],{"class":152},[45,35470,156],{"class":59},[45,35472,34364],{"class":152},[45,35474,156],{"class":59},[45,35476,68],{"class":135},[45,35478,179],{"class":59},[45,35480,35481,35483,35485,35487,35489,35491],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,35482,32306],{"class":152},[45,35484,156],{"class":59},[45,35486,68],{"class":135},[45,35488,132],{"class":59},[45,35490,34470],{"class":1863},[45,35492,161],{"class":59},[20,35494,35495],{},"And for modules:",[36,35497,35498],{"className":38,"code":35077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,35499,35500,35506,35510],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35501,35502,35504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35503,35084],{"class":921},[45,35505,35087],{"class":51},[45,35507,35508],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35509,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35511,35512,35514,35516,35518,35520,35522],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35513,153],{"class":152},[45,35515,156],{"class":59},[45,35517,34364],{"class":152},[45,35519,156],{"class":59},[45,35521,875],{"class":135},[45,35523,179],{"class":59},[20,35525,35526],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[36,35528,35530],{"className":38,"code":35529,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35531,35532,35537,35549,35559,35573,35579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35533,35534],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35535,35536],{"class":51},"python\n",[45,35538,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35540,8097],{"class":51},[45,35542,56],{"class":55},[45,35544,76],{"class":63},[45,35546,4073],{"class":67},[45,35548,468],{"class":63},[45,35550,35551,35553,35555,35557],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35552,34364],{"class":152},[45,35554,156],{"class":59},[45,35556,68],{"class":135},[45,35558,161],{"class":59},[45,35560,35561,35563,35565,35567,35569,35571],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,35562,32306],{"class":152},[45,35564,156],{"class":59},[45,35566,68],{"class":135},[45,35568,132],{"class":59},[45,35570,34470],{"class":1863},[45,35572,161],{"class":59},[45,35574,35575,35577],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,35576,35084],{"class":921},[45,35578,35087],{"class":51},[45,35580,35581,35583,35585,35587],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,35582,34364],{"class":152},[45,35584,156],{"class":59},[45,35586,875],{"class":135},[45,35588,161],{"class":59},[31,35590,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,35592,2049,35594,2052],{"id":35593},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35595,34303],{},[20,35597,35598],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1398,35600,5400,35602,329,35604,2079],{"id":35601},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35603,34303],{},[15,35605,35020],{},[20,35607,35608,35610,35611,35613],{},[15,35609,34303],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35612,35020],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1398,35615,35617,35618,35620],{"id":35616},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35619,34303],{}," output?",[20,35622,35623],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1398,35625,5390,35627,35629,35630,2079],{"id":35626},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35628,34303],{}," help fix ",[15,35631,1490],{},[20,35633,35634,35635,132],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[277,35636,35637],{"href":35413},"object has no attribute",[31,35639,2114],{"id":2113},[258,35641,35642,35648,35653,35657,35661],{},[261,35643,35644],{},[277,35645,3802,35646,3735],{"href":35017},[15,35647,35020],{},[261,35649,35650],{},[277,35651,35652],{"href":35413},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[261,35654,35655],{},[277,35656,35144],{"href":35143},[261,35658,35659],{},[277,35660,35150],{"href":35149},[261,35662,35663],{},[277,35664,3802,35665,3735],{"href":34801},[15,35666,2531],{},[20,35668,35669,35670,35672,35673,35675],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35671,34303],{}," together with ",[15,35674,35020],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2154,35677,35678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":35680},[35681,35682,35684,35689,35694,35696,35697,35703,35708,35715,35716,35726],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":34480,"depth":121,"text":35683},"What dir() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":35685},[35686,35688],{"id":34533,"depth":142,"text":35687},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34589,"depth":142,"text":34375},{"id":34657,"depth":121,"text":35690,"children":35691},"Using dir() with a value",[35692,35693],{"id":34669,"depth":142,"text":34670},{"id":34730,"depth":142,"text":34731},{"id":34810,"depth":121,"text":35695},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34910,"depth":121,"text":34911},{"id":35056,"depth":121,"text":35698,"children":35699},"dir() on modules",[35700,35702],{"id":35070,"depth":142,"text":35701},"Example: math module",{"id":35153,"depth":142,"text":35154},{"id":35203,"depth":121,"text":35704,"children":35705},"dir() vs help()",[35706,35707],{"id":34364,"depth":142,"text":34303},{"id":32306,"depth":142,"text":35020},{"id":25518,"depth":121,"text":25519,"children":35709},[35710,35712,35713,35714],{"id":35309,"depth":142,"text":35711},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35330,"depth":142,"text":35331},{"id":35340,"depth":142,"text":35341},{"id":35370,"depth":142,"text":35371},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":35717},[35718,35720,35722,35724],{"id":35593,"depth":142,"text":35719},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35601,"depth":142,"text":35721},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35616,"depth":142,"text":35723},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35626,"depth":142,"text":35725},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34295,"description":35727},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35734,"title":35735,"body":35736,"description":37556,"extension":2195,"meta":37557,"navigation":145,"path":37558,"seo":37559,"stem":37560,"__hash__":37561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35737,"toc":37525},[35738,35744,35749,35752,35760,35766,35768,35848,35850,35876,35881,35886,35891,35894,35905,35908,35910,35989,35991,36017,36024,36026,36028,36053,36056,36069,36074,36076,36157,36159,36185,36194,36199,36207,36213,36220,36223,36225,36304,36307,36364,36366,36403,36409,36414,36419,36422,36436,36438,36541,36543,36586,36595,36605,36612,36618,36625,36708,36710,36733,36736,36739,36741,36745,36749,36752,36815,36838,36841,36845,36851,36853,36920,36923,37000,37005,37011,37014,37017,37063,37065,37089,37094,37098,37103,37109,37172,37175,37177,37180,37205,37208,37343,37345,37446,37448,37453,37456,37462,37472,37480,37485,37491,37497,37499,37522],[10,35739,3802,35741,3806],{"id":35740},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35742,35743],{},"enumerate()",[20,35745,35746,35748],{},[15,35747,35743],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35750,35751],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[258,35753,35754,35757],{},[261,35755,35756],{},"the item itself",[261,35758,35759],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35761,35762,35763,35765],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35764,35743],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[31,35767,34],{"id":33},[36,35769,35771],{"className":38,"code":35770,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35772,35773,35805,35809,35832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35774,35775,35777,35779,35781,35783,35785,35787,35789,35791,35793,35795,35797,35799,35801,35803],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35776,13274],{"class":51},[45,35778,56],{"class":55},[45,35780,1427],{"class":59},[45,35782,64],{"class":63},[45,35784,13291],{"class":67},[45,35786,64],{"class":63},[45,35788,84],{"class":59},[45,35790,76],{"class":63},[45,35792,17637],{"class":67},[45,35794,64],{"class":63},[45,35796,84],{"class":59},[45,35798,76],{"class":63},[45,35800,703],{"class":67},[45,35802,64],{"class":63},[45,35804,244],{"class":59},[45,35806,35807],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35808,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35810,35811,35813,35816,35818,35821,35823,35826,35828,35830],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35812,855],{"class":921},[45,35814,35815],{"class":51}," index",[45,35817,84],{"class":59},[45,35819,35820],{"class":51}," color ",[45,35822,927],{"class":921},[45,35824,35825],{"class":152}," enumerate",[45,35827,156],{"class":59},[45,35829,17684],{"class":135},[45,35831,8559],{"class":59},[45,35833,35834,35836,35838,35841,35843,35846],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,35835,942],{"class":152},[45,35837,156],{"class":59},[45,35839,35840],{"class":135},"index",[45,35842,84],{"class":59},[45,35844,35845],{"class":135}," color",[45,35847,161],{"class":59},[20,35849,182],{},[36,35851,35853],{"className":38,"code":35852,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35854,35855,35862,35869],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35856,35857,35859],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35858,1117],{"class":96},[45,35860,35861],{"class":51}," red\n",[45,35863,35864,35866],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35865,1430],{"class":96},[45,35867,35868],{"class":51}," green\n",[45,35870,35871,35873],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35872,1133],{"class":96},[45,35874,35875],{"class":51}," blue\n",[20,35877,1006,35878,35880],{},[15,35879,35743],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[31,35882,253,35884,256],{"id":35883},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35885,35743],{},[20,35887,35888,35890],{},[15,35889,35743],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35892,35893],{},"It is commonly used with:",[258,35895,35896,35898,35900,35902],{},[261,35897,5521],{},[261,35899,5524],{},[261,35901,5530],{},[261,35903,35904],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35906,35907],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35909,361],{},[36,35911,35913],{"className":38,"code":35912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35914,35915,35949,35953,35974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35916,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35936,35938,35940,35942,35945,35947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35918,5219],{"class":51},[45,35920,56],{"class":55},[45,35922,1427],{"class":59},[45,35924,64],{"class":63},[45,35926,79],{"class":67},[45,35928,64],{"class":63},[45,35930,84],{"class":59},[45,35932,76],{"class":63},[45,35934,35935],{"class":67},"Ben",[45,35937,64],{"class":63},[45,35939,84],{"class":59},[45,35941,76],{"class":63},[45,35943,35944],{"class":67},"Cara",[45,35946,64],{"class":63},[45,35948,244],{"class":59},[45,35950,35951],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,35952,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,35954,35955,35957,35959,35961,35964,35966,35968,35970,35972],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,35956,855],{"class":921},[45,35958,35815],{"class":51},[45,35960,84],{"class":59},[45,35962,35963],{"class":51}," name ",[45,35965,927],{"class":921},[45,35967,35825],{"class":152},[45,35969,156],{"class":59},[45,35971,5263],{"class":135},[45,35973,8559],{"class":59},[45,35975,35976,35978,35980,35982,35984,35987],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,35977,942],{"class":152},[45,35979,156],{"class":59},[45,35981,35840],{"class":135},[45,35983,84],{"class":59},[45,35985,35986],{"class":135}," name",[45,35988,161],{"class":59},[20,35990,182],{},[36,35992,35994],{"className":38,"code":35993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35995,35996,36003,36010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,35997,35998,36000],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,35999,1117],{"class":96},[45,36001,36002],{"class":51}," Ana\n",[45,36004,36005,36007],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36006,1430],{"class":96},[45,36008,36009],{"class":51}," Ben\n",[45,36011,36012,36014],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36013,1133],{"class":96},[45,36015,36016],{"class":51}," Cara\n",[20,36018,36019,36020,132],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[277,36021,36023],{"href":36022},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[31,36025,284],{"id":283},[20,36027,2389],{},[36,36029,36031],{"className":38,"code":36030,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36032,36033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36034,36035,36038,36040,36042,36044,36047,36049,36051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36036,36037],{"class":152},"enumerate",[45,36039,156],{"class":59},[45,36041,3948],{"class":135},[45,36043,84],{"class":59},[45,36045,36046],{"class":9393}," start",[45,36048,56],{"class":55},[45,36050,1117],{"class":96},[45,36052,161],{"class":59},[20,36054,36055],{},"It has two parts:",[258,36057,36058,36063],{},[261,36059,36060,36062],{},[15,36061,3948],{},": the object you want to loop through",[261,36064,36065,36068],{},[15,36066,36067],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36070,36071,36072,132],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36073,1117],{},[20,36075,361],{},[36,36077,36079],{"className":38,"code":36078,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36080,36081,36114,36118,36141],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36082,36083,36086,36088,36090,36092,36094,36096,36098,36100,36102,36104,36106,36108,36110,36112],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36084,36085],{"class":51},"letters ",[45,36087,56],{"class":55},[45,36089,1427],{"class":59},[45,36091,64],{"class":63},[45,36093,277],{"class":67},[45,36095,64],{"class":63},[45,36097,84],{"class":59},[45,36099,76],{"class":63},[45,36101,1930],{"class":67},[45,36103,64],{"class":63},[45,36105,84],{"class":59},[45,36107,76],{"class":63},[45,36109,9951],{"class":67},[45,36111,64],{"class":63},[45,36113,244],{"class":59},[45,36115,36116],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36117,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36119,36120,36122,36125,36127,36130,36132,36134,36136,36139],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36121,855],{"class":921},[45,36123,36124],{"class":51}," i",[45,36126,84],{"class":59},[45,36128,36129],{"class":51}," letter ",[45,36131,927],{"class":921},[45,36133,35825],{"class":152},[45,36135,156],{"class":59},[45,36137,36138],{"class":135},"letters",[45,36140,8559],{"class":59},[45,36142,36143,36145,36147,36150,36152,36155],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36144,942],{"class":152},[45,36146,156],{"class":59},[45,36148,36149],{"class":135},"i",[45,36151,84],{"class":59},[45,36153,36154],{"class":135}," letter",[45,36156,161],{"class":59},[20,36158,182],{},[36,36160,36162],{"className":38,"code":36161,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36163,36164,36171,36178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36165,36166,36168],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36167,1117],{"class":96},[45,36169,36170],{"class":51}," a\n",[45,36172,36173,36175],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36174,1430],{"class":96},[45,36176,36177],{"class":51}," b\n",[45,36179,36180,36182],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36181,1133],{"class":96},[45,36183,36184],{"class":51}," c\n",[20,36186,36187,36188,132],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[277,36189,3802,36191,3735],{"href":36190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36192,36193],{},"range()",[31,36195,253,36197,342],{"id":36196},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36198,35743],{},[20,36200,36201,36203,36204,132],{},[15,36202,35743],{}," returns an ",[355,36205,36206],{},"enumerate object",[20,36208,36209,36210,36212],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36211,855],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[258,36214,36215],{},[261,36216,36217],{},[15,36218,36219],{},"(index, item)",[20,36221,36222],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36224,361],{},[36,36226,36228],{"className":38,"code":36227,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36229,36230,36263,36267,36289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36231,36232,36235,36237,36239,36241,36243,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36233,36234],{"class":51},"fruits ",[45,36236,56],{"class":55},[45,36238,1427],{"class":59},[45,36240,64],{"class":63},[45,36242,1028],{"class":67},[45,36244,64],{"class":63},[45,36246,84],{"class":59},[45,36248,76],{"class":63},[45,36250,1042],{"class":67},[45,36252,64],{"class":63},[45,36254,84],{"class":59},[45,36256,76],{"class":63},[45,36258,1056],{"class":67},[45,36260,64],{"class":63},[45,36262,244],{"class":59},[45,36264,36265],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36266,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36268,36269,36271,36273,36275,36278,36280,36282,36284,36287],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36270,855],{"class":921},[45,36272,35815],{"class":51},[45,36274,84],{"class":59},[45,36276,36277],{"class":51}," fruit ",[45,36279,927],{"class":921},[45,36281,35825],{"class":152},[45,36283,156],{"class":59},[45,36285,36286],{"class":135},"fruits",[45,36288,8559],{"class":59},[45,36290,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299,36302],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36292,942],{"class":152},[45,36294,156],{"class":59},[45,36296,35840],{"class":135},[45,36298,84],{"class":59},[45,36300,36301],{"class":135}," fruit",[45,36303,161],{"class":59},[20,36305,36306],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[36,36308,36310],{"className":38,"code":36309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36311,36312,36332,36336,36354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36313,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36315,3846],{"class":51},[45,36317,56],{"class":55},[45,36319,1427],{"class":59},[45,36321,2560],{"class":96},[45,36323,84],{"class":59},[45,36325,97],{"class":96},[45,36327,84],{"class":59},[45,36329,8016],{"class":96},[45,36331,244],{"class":59},[45,36333,36334],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36335,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36337,36338,36340,36342,36344,36346,36348,36350,36352],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36339,716],{"class":51},[45,36341,56],{"class":55},[45,36343,587],{"class":171},[45,36345,156],{"class":59},[45,36347,36037],{"class":152},[45,36349,156],{"class":59},[45,36351,3876],{"class":135},[45,36353,179],{"class":59},[45,36355,36356,36358,36360,36362],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36357,153],{"class":152},[45,36359,156],{"class":59},[45,36361,740],{"class":135},[45,36363,161],{"class":59},[20,36365,182],{},[36,36367,36369],{"className":38,"code":36368,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36370,36371],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36372,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36374,21917],{"class":59},[45,36376,1117],{"class":96},[45,36378,84],{"class":59},[45,36380,6225],{"class":96},[45,36382,9450],{"class":59},[45,36384,9453],{"class":59},[45,36386,1430],{"class":96},[45,36388,84],{"class":59},[45,36390,97],{"class":96},[45,36392,9450],{"class":59},[45,36394,9453],{"class":59},[45,36396,1133],{"class":96},[45,36398,84],{"class":59},[45,36400,8016],{"class":96},[45,36402,9466],{"class":59},[20,36404,36405,36406,36408],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36407,35743],{}," produces.",[31,36410,5185,36412],{"id":36411},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36413,35743],{},[20,36415,1006,36416,36418],{},[15,36417,35743],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36420,36421],{},"Common cases:",[258,36423,36424,36427,36430,36433],{},[261,36425,36426],{},"printing numbered output",[261,36428,36429],{},"building menus",[261,36431,36432],{},"showing positions in a list",[261,36434,36435],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36437,361],{},[36,36439,36441],{"className":38,"code":36440,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36442,36443,36478,36482,36512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36444,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36456,36458,36460,36462,36465,36467,36469,36471,36474,36476],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36446,30053],{"class":51},[45,36448,56],{"class":55},[45,36450,1427],{"class":59},[45,36452,64],{"class":63},[45,36454,36455],{"class":67},"Wash dishes",[45,36457,64],{"class":63},[45,36459,84],{"class":59},[45,36461,76],{"class":63},[45,36463,36464],{"class":67},"Study Python",[45,36466,64],{"class":63},[45,36468,84],{"class":59},[45,36470,76],{"class":63},[45,36472,36473],{"class":67},"Go for a walk",[45,36475,64],{"class":63},[45,36477,244],{"class":59},[45,36479,36480],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36481,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36483,36484,36486,36488,36490,36493,36495,36497,36499,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36485,855],{"class":921},[45,36487,2427],{"class":51},[45,36489,84],{"class":59},[45,36491,36492],{"class":51}," task ",[45,36494,927],{"class":921},[45,36496,35825],{"class":152},[45,36498,156],{"class":59},[45,36500,36501],{"class":135},"tasks",[45,36503,84],{"class":59},[45,36505,36046],{"class":9393},[45,36507,56],{"class":55},[45,36509,1430],{"class":96},[45,36511,8559],{"class":59},[45,36513,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526,36528,36530,36532,36535,36537,36539],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36515,942],{"class":152},[45,36517,156],{"class":59},[45,36519,22469],{"class":1597},[45,36521,64],{"class":67},[45,36523,9495],{"class":96},[45,36525,2469],{"class":135},[45,36527,22478],{"class":96},[45,36529,28470],{"class":67},[45,36531,9495],{"class":96},[45,36533,36534],{"class":135},"task",[45,36536,22478],{"class":96},[45,36538,64],{"class":67},[45,36540,161],{"class":59},[20,36542,182],{},[36,36544,36546],{"className":38,"code":36545,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36547,36548,36560,36572],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36549,36550,36552,36554,36557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36551,1430],{"class":96},[45,36553,132],{"class":59},[45,36555,36556],{"class":1863}," Wash",[45,36558,36559],{"class":51}," dishes\n",[45,36561,36562,36564,36566,36569],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36563,1133],{"class":96},[45,36565,132],{"class":59},[45,36567,36568],{"class":1863}," Study",[45,36570,36571],{"class":51}," Python\n",[45,36573,36574,36576,36578,36581,36583],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36575,2294],{"class":96},[45,36577,132],{"class":59},[45,36579,36580],{"class":1863}," Go",[45,36582,4105],{"class":921},[45,36584,36585],{"class":51}," a walk\n",[20,36587,36588,36589,36591,36592,132],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36590,35743],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36593,36594],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36596,36597,36598,132],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[277,36599,36601,36602,36604],{"href":36600},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36603,35743],{}," in Python",[31,36606,36608,36609,36611],{"id":36607},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36610,36067],{}," argument",[20,36613,36614,36615,36617],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36616,36067],{}," argument.",[20,36619,36620,36621,1800,36623,73],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36622,1430],{},[15,36624,1117],{},[36,36626,36628],{"className":38,"code":36627,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36629,36630,36662,36666,36694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36631,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36660],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36633,13274],{"class":51},[45,36635,56],{"class":55},[45,36637,1427],{"class":59},[45,36639,64],{"class":63},[45,36641,13291],{"class":67},[45,36643,64],{"class":63},[45,36645,84],{"class":59},[45,36647,76],{"class":63},[45,36649,17637],{"class":67},[45,36651,64],{"class":63},[45,36653,84],{"class":59},[45,36655,76],{"class":63},[45,36657,703],{"class":67},[45,36659,64],{"class":63},[45,36661,244],{"class":59},[45,36663,36664],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36665,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36667,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36692],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36669,855],{"class":921},[45,36671,35815],{"class":51},[45,36673,84],{"class":59},[45,36675,35820],{"class":51},[45,36677,927],{"class":921},[45,36679,35825],{"class":152},[45,36681,156],{"class":59},[45,36683,17684],{"class":135},[45,36685,84],{"class":59},[45,36687,36046],{"class":9393},[45,36689,56],{"class":55},[45,36691,1430],{"class":96},[45,36693,8559],{"class":59},[45,36695,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36697,942],{"class":152},[45,36699,156],{"class":59},[45,36701,35840],{"class":135},[45,36703,84],{"class":59},[45,36705,35845],{"class":135},[45,36707,161],{"class":59},[20,36709,182],{},[36,36711,36713],{"className":38,"code":36712,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36714,36715,36721,36727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36716,36717,36719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36718,1430],{"class":96},[45,36720,35861],{"class":51},[45,36722,36723,36725],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36724,1133],{"class":96},[45,36726,35868],{"class":51},[45,36728,36729,36731],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36730,2294],{"class":96},[45,36732,35875],{"class":51},[20,36734,36735],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36737,36738],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[31,36740,25519],{"id":25518},[20,36742,25522,36743,132],{},[15,36744,35743],{},[1398,36746,36748],{"id":36747},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36750,36751],{},"In this loop:",[36,36753,36755],{"className":38,"code":36754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36756,36757,36777,36781,36801],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36758,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36760,3846],{"class":51},[45,36762,56],{"class":55},[45,36764,1427],{"class":59},[45,36766,2560],{"class":96},[45,36768,84],{"class":59},[45,36770,97],{"class":96},[45,36772,84],{"class":59},[45,36774,8016],{"class":96},[45,36776,244],{"class":59},[45,36778,36779],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36780,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36782,36783,36785,36787,36789,36791,36793,36795,36797,36799],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36784,855],{"class":921},[45,36786,35815],{"class":51},[45,36788,84],{"class":59},[45,36790,924],{"class":51},[45,36792,927],{"class":921},[45,36794,35825],{"class":152},[45,36796,156],{"class":59},[45,36798,3876],{"class":135},[45,36800,8559],{"class":59},[45,36802,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36804,942],{"class":152},[45,36806,156],{"class":59},[45,36808,35840],{"class":135},[45,36810,84],{"class":59},[45,36812,8650],{"class":135},[45,36814,161],{"class":59},[258,36816,36817,36827],{},[261,36818,36819,5007,36821,2419,36823,2419,36825],{},[15,36820,35840],{},[15,36822,1117],{},[15,36824,1430],{},[15,36826,1133],{},[261,36828,36829,5007,36831,2419,36833,2419,36835],{},[15,36830,947],{},[15,36832,2560],{},[15,36834,15948],{},[15,36836,36837],{},"30",[20,36839,36840],{},"These are different things.",[1398,36842,36844],{"id":36843},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36846,36847,36848,36850],{},"Each item from ",[15,36849,35743],{}," is a pair.",[20,36852,6909],{},[36,36854,36856],{"className":38,"code":36855,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36857,36858,36882,36886,36906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36859,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36861,8001],{"class":51},[45,36863,56],{"class":55},[45,36865,1427],{"class":59},[45,36867,64],{"class":63},[45,36869,2403],{"class":67},[45,36871,64],{"class":63},[45,36873,84],{"class":59},[45,36875,76],{"class":63},[45,36877,11946],{"class":67},[45,36879,64],{"class":63},[45,36881,244],{"class":59},[45,36883,36884],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36885,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36887,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36889,855],{"class":921},[45,36891,36124],{"class":51},[45,36893,84],{"class":59},[45,36895,6181],{"class":51},[45,36897,927],{"class":921},[45,36899,35825],{"class":152},[45,36901,156],{"class":59},[45,36903,1289],{"class":135},[45,36905,8559],{"class":59},[45,36907,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36909,942],{"class":152},[45,36911,156],{"class":59},[45,36913,36149],{"class":135},[45,36915,84],{"class":59},[45,36917,29663],{"class":135},[45,36919,161],{"class":59},[20,36921,36922],{},"But this causes an error:",[36,36924,36926],{"className":38,"code":36925,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36927,36928,36952,36956,36981],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,36929,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,36931,8001],{"class":51},[45,36933,56],{"class":55},[45,36935,1427],{"class":59},[45,36937,64],{"class":63},[45,36939,2403],{"class":67},[45,36941,64],{"class":63},[45,36943,84],{"class":59},[45,36945,76],{"class":63},[45,36947,11946],{"class":67},[45,36949,64],{"class":63},[45,36951,244],{"class":59},[45,36953,36954],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,36955,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,36957,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,36959,855],{"class":921},[45,36961,36124],{"class":51},[45,36963,84],{"class":59},[45,36965,29663],{"class":51},[45,36967,84],{"class":59},[45,36969,36970],{"class":51}," extra ",[45,36972,927],{"class":921},[45,36974,35825],{"class":152},[45,36976,156],{"class":59},[45,36978,1289],{"class":135},[45,36980,8559],{"class":59},[45,36982,36983,36985,36987,36989,36991,36993,36995,36998],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,36984,942],{"class":152},[45,36986,156],{"class":59},[45,36988,36149],{"class":135},[45,36990,84],{"class":59},[45,36992,29663],{"class":135},[45,36994,84],{"class":59},[45,36996,36997],{"class":135}," extra",[45,36999,161],{"class":59},[20,37001,29217,37002,37004],{},[15,37003,35743],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1398,37006,37008,37010],{"id":37007},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37009,35743],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37012,37013],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37015,37016],{},"Example with a string:",[36,37018,37020],{"className":38,"code":37019,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37021,37022,37048],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37023,37024,37026,37028,37030,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37044,37046],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37025,855],{"class":921},[45,37027,35815],{"class":51},[45,37029,84],{"class":59},[45,37031,37032],{"class":51}," char ",[45,37034,927],{"class":921},[45,37036,35825],{"class":152},[45,37038,156],{"class":59},[45,37040,64],{"class":63},[45,37042,37043],{"class":67},"cat",[45,37045,64],{"class":63},[45,37047,8559],{"class":59},[45,37049,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37061],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37051,942],{"class":152},[45,37053,156],{"class":59},[45,37055,35840],{"class":135},[45,37057,84],{"class":59},[45,37059,37060],{"class":135}," char",[45,37062,161],{"class":59},[20,37064,182],{},[36,37066,37068],{"className":38,"code":37067,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37069,37070,37076,37082],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37071,37072,37074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37073,1117],{"class":96},[45,37075,36184],{"class":51},[45,37077,37078,37080],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37079,1430],{"class":96},[45,37081,36170],{"class":51},[45,37083,37084,37086],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37085,1133],{"class":96},[45,37087,37088],{"class":51}," t\n",[20,37090,37091,37092,132],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[277,37093,5359],{"href":5807},[1398,37095,37097],{"id":37096},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37099,37100,37101,132],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37102,35743],{},[20,37104,37105,37106,37108],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37107,855],{}," loop:",[36,37110,37112],{"className":38,"code":37111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37113,37114,37146,37150,37162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37115,37116,37118,37120,37122,37124,37126,37128,37130,37132,37134,37136,37138,37140,37142,37144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37117,13274],{"class":51},[45,37119,56],{"class":55},[45,37121,1427],{"class":59},[45,37123,64],{"class":63},[45,37125,13291],{"class":67},[45,37127,64],{"class":63},[45,37129,84],{"class":59},[45,37131,76],{"class":63},[45,37133,17637],{"class":67},[45,37135,64],{"class":63},[45,37137,84],{"class":59},[45,37139,76],{"class":63},[45,37141,703],{"class":67},[45,37143,64],{"class":63},[45,37145,244],{"class":59},[45,37147,37148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37149,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,37151,37152,37154,37156,37158,37160],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37153,855],{"class":921},[45,37155,35820],{"class":51},[45,37157,927],{"class":921},[45,37159,13321],{"class":51},[45,37161,6614],{"class":59},[45,37163,37164,37166,37168,37170],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,37165,942],{"class":152},[45,37167,156],{"class":59},[45,37169,694],{"class":135},[45,37171,161],{"class":59},[20,37173,37174],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[31,37176,3061],{"id":3060},[20,37178,37179],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[258,37181,37182,37187,37193,37198],{},[261,37183,23273,37184,37186],{},[15,37185,35743],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[261,37188,37189,37190,37192],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37191,1117],{}," by default",[261,37194,1797,37195,37197],{},[15,37196,35743],{}," when only values are needed",[261,37199,37200,37201,8922,37203],{},"Confusing ",[15,37202,35743],{},[15,37204,36193],{},[20,37206,37207],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[36,37209,37211],{"className":38,"code":37210,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37212,37213,37235,37262,37296,37329],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37214,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37216,153],{"class":152},[45,37218,156],{"class":59},[45,37220,36037],{"class":152},[45,37222,195],{"class":59},[45,37224,2560],{"class":96},[45,37226,84],{"class":59},[45,37228,97],{"class":96},[45,37230,84],{"class":59},[45,37232,8016],{"class":96},[45,37234,3229],{"class":59},[45,37236,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249,37251,37253,37255,37257,37259],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37238,153],{"class":152},[45,37240,156],{"class":59},[45,37242,172],{"class":171},[45,37244,156],{"class":59},[45,37246,36037],{"class":152},[45,37248,195],{"class":59},[45,37250,2560],{"class":96},[45,37252,84],{"class":59},[45,37254,97],{"class":96},[45,37256,84],{"class":59},[45,37258,8016],{"class":96},[45,37260,37261],{"class":59},"])))\n",[45,37263,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37265,153],{"class":152},[45,37267,156],{"class":59},[45,37269,172],{"class":171},[45,37271,156],{"class":59},[45,37273,36037],{"class":152},[45,37275,195],{"class":59},[45,37277,2560],{"class":96},[45,37279,84],{"class":59},[45,37281,97],{"class":96},[45,37283,84],{"class":59},[45,37285,8016],{"class":96},[45,37287,18243],{"class":59},[45,37289,36046],{"class":9393},[45,37291,56],{"class":55},[45,37293,1430],{"class":96},[45,37295,3143],{"class":59},[45,37297,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,37299,855],{"class":921},[45,37301,36124],{"class":51},[45,37303,84],{"class":59},[45,37305,924],{"class":51},[45,37307,927],{"class":921},[45,37309,35825],{"class":152},[45,37311,195],{"class":59},[45,37313,198],{"class":63},[45,37315,277],{"class":67},[45,37317,198],{"class":63},[45,37319,84],{"class":59},[45,37321,211],{"class":63},[45,37323,1930],{"class":67},[45,37325,198],{"class":63},[45,37327,37328],{"class":59},"]):\n",[45,37330,37331,37333,37335,37337,37339,37341],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,37332,942],{"class":152},[45,37334,156],{"class":59},[45,37336,36149],{"class":135},[45,37338,84],{"class":59},[45,37340,8650],{"class":135},[45,37342,161],{"class":59},[20,37344,17150],{},[36,37346,37348],{"className":38,"code":37347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37349,37350,37370,37402,37434,37440],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37351,37352,37354,37356,37358,37361,37365,37368],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37353,1594],{"class":55},[45,37355,36037],{"class":152},[45,37357,839],{"class":171},[45,37359,37360],{"class":51}," at ",[45,37362,37364],{"class":37363},"srjyR","0x",[45,37366,37367],{"class":34445},"...",[45,37369,1607],{"class":55},[45,37371,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37373,21917],{"class":59},[45,37375,1117],{"class":96},[45,37377,84],{"class":59},[45,37379,6225],{"class":96},[45,37381,9450],{"class":59},[45,37383,9453],{"class":59},[45,37385,1430],{"class":96},[45,37387,84],{"class":59},[45,37389,97],{"class":96},[45,37391,9450],{"class":59},[45,37393,9453],{"class":59},[45,37395,1133],{"class":96},[45,37397,84],{"class":59},[45,37399,8016],{"class":96},[45,37401,9466],{"class":59},[45,37403,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430,37432],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37405,21917],{"class":59},[45,37407,1430],{"class":96},[45,37409,84],{"class":59},[45,37411,6225],{"class":96},[45,37413,9450],{"class":59},[45,37415,9453],{"class":59},[45,37417,1133],{"class":96},[45,37419,84],{"class":59},[45,37421,97],{"class":96},[45,37423,9450],{"class":59},[45,37425,9453],{"class":59},[45,37427,2294],{"class":96},[45,37429,84],{"class":59},[45,37431,8016],{"class":96},[45,37433,9466],{"class":59},[45,37435,37436,37438],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,37437,1117],{"class":96},[45,37439,36170],{"class":51},[45,37441,37442,37444],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,37443,1430],{"class":96},[45,37445,36177],{"class":51},[31,37447,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,37449,2049,37451,2052],{"id":37450},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37452,35743],{},[20,37454,37455],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1398,37457,2062,37459,37461],{"id":37458},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37460,35743],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37463,37464,37465,37467,37468,37471],{},"It starts at ",[15,37466,1117],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37469,37470],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1398,37473,21599,37475,1800,37477,2079],{"id":37474},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37476,35743],{},[15,37478,37479],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37481,36588,37482,37484],{},[15,37483,35743],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1398,37486,5390,37488,37490],{"id":37487},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37489,35743],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37492,37493,37494,37496],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37495,35743],{}," can return each character with its index.",[31,37498,2114],{"id":2113},[258,37500,37501,37505,37511,37518],{},[261,37502,37503],{},[277,37504,36023],{"href":36022},[261,37506,37507],{},[277,37508,3802,37509,3735],{"href":36190},[15,37510,36193],{},[261,37512,37513],{},[277,37514,37515,37516,36604],{"href":36600},"How to use ",[15,37517,35743],{},[261,37519,37520],{},[277,37521,5437],{"href":5807},[2154,37523,37524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":37526},[37527,37528,37530,37531,37533,37535,37537,37544,37545,37555],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":35883,"depth":121,"text":37529},"What enumerate() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":36196,"depth":121,"text":37532},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36411,"depth":121,"text":37534},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36607,"depth":121,"text":37536},"Using the start argument",{"id":25518,"depth":121,"text":25519,"children":37538},[37539,37540,37541,37543],{"id":36747,"depth":142,"text":36748},{"id":36843,"depth":142,"text":36844},{"id":37007,"depth":142,"text":37542},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37096,"depth":142,"text":37097},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":37546},[37547,37549,37551,37553],{"id":37450,"depth":142,"text":37548},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37458,"depth":142,"text":37550},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37474,"depth":142,"text":37552},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37487,"depth":142,"text":37554},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35735,"description":37556},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37563,"title":37564,"body":37565,"description":40081,"extension":2195,"meta":40082,"navigation":145,"path":40083,"seo":40084,"stem":40085,"__hash__":40086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37566,"toc":40038},[37567,37573,37578,37581,37589,37603,37605,37696,37704,37709,37714,37716,37732,37734,37813,37815,37832,37838,37842,37844,37865,37869,37872,37884,37888,37891,37894,37911,37914,37990,37992,38009,38014,38018,38026,38029,38044,38046,38135,38137,38182,38185,38189,38192,38271,38273,38295,38298,38305,38310,38313,38416,38418,38443,38446,38453,38459,38464,38467,38478,38584,38586,38607,38615,38622,38628,38647,38652,38655,38674,38676,38761,38763,38792,38795,38800,38805,38808,38819,38821,38910,38912,38932,38938,39044,39046,39066,39069,39153,39155,39175,39182,39184,39188,39194,39197,39254,39257,39260,39321,39330,39333,39336,39364,39367,39427,39429,39446,39450,39453,39531,39533,39553,39556,39631,39635,39638,39640,39649,39654,39656,39707,39715,39727,39732,39793,39795,39812,39816,39879,39881,39906,39914,39916,39922,39928,39935,39943,39949,39952,39959,39969,39975,39981,39984,40001,40007,40009,40035],[10,37568,3802,37570,3806],{"id":37569},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37571,37572],{},"filter()",[20,37574,37575,37577],{},[15,37576,37572],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37579,37580],{},"It takes:",[258,37582,37583,37586],{},[261,37584,37585],{},"a function that checks each item",[261,37587,37588],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37590,37591,37592,37595,37596,37599,37600,37602],{},"The result is ",[355,37593,37594],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37597,37598],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37601,24947],{}," to see the values.",[31,37604,34],{"id":33},[36,37606,37608],{"className":38,"code":37607,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37609,37610,37643,37679],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37611,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634,37636,37638,37641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37613,3846],{"class":51},[45,37615,56],{"class":55},[45,37617,1427],{"class":59},[45,37619,1430],{"class":96},[45,37621,84],{"class":59},[45,37623,1035],{"class":96},[45,37625,84],{"class":59},[45,37627,1063],{"class":96},[45,37629,84],{"class":59},[45,37631,2687],{"class":96},[45,37633,84],{"class":59},[45,37635,4828],{"class":96},[45,37637,84],{"class":59},[45,37639,37640],{"class":96}," 6",[45,37642,244],{"class":59},[45,37644,37645,37647,37649,37652,37654,37657,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37646,716],{"class":51},[45,37648,56],{"class":55},[45,37650,37651],{"class":152}," filter",[45,37653,156],{"class":59},[45,37655,37656],{"class":1597},"lambda",[45,37658,37660],{"class":37659},"sFwrP"," x",[45,37662,73],{"class":59},[45,37664,4108],{"class":135},[45,37666,6624],{"class":55},[45,37668,1035],{"class":96},[45,37670,6629],{"class":55},[45,37672,4061],{"class":96},[45,37674,84],{"class":59},[45,37676,4488],{"class":135},[45,37678,161],{"class":59},[45,37680,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37682,153],{"class":152},[45,37684,156],{"class":59},[45,37686,172],{"class":171},[45,37688,156],{"class":59},[45,37690,740],{"class":135},[45,37692,5582],{"class":59},[45,37694,37695],{"class":1712},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37697,37698,37700,37701,37703],{},[15,37699,37572],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37702,24947],{}," to see the results.",[31,37705,253,37707,256],{"id":37706},"what-filter-does",[15,37708,37572],{},[20,37710,37711,37713],{},[15,37712,37572],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37715,2338],{},[258,37717,37718,37721,37727],{},[261,37719,37720],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[261,37722,37723,37724,37726],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37725,3831],{},", the item is kept",[261,37728,37723,37729,37731],{},[15,37730,3902],{},", the item is removed",[20,37733,361],{},[36,37735,37737],{"className":38,"code":37736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37738,37739,37767,37771,37799],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37740,37741,37743,37745,37747,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759,37761,37763,37765],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37742,3846],{"class":51},[45,37744,56],{"class":55},[45,37746,1427],{"class":59},[45,37748,1430],{"class":96},[45,37750,84],{"class":59},[45,37752,1035],{"class":96},[45,37754,84],{"class":59},[45,37756,1063],{"class":96},[45,37758,84],{"class":59},[45,37760,2687],{"class":96},[45,37762,84],{"class":59},[45,37764,4828],{"class":96},[45,37766,244],{"class":59},[45,37768,37769],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37770,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,37772,37773,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37774,716],{"class":51},[45,37776,56],{"class":55},[45,37778,37651],{"class":152},[45,37780,156],{"class":59},[45,37782,37656],{"class":1597},[45,37784,37660],{"class":37659},[45,37786,73],{"class":59},[45,37788,4108],{"class":135},[45,37790,4477],{"class":55},[45,37792,1063],{"class":96},[45,37794,84],{"class":59},[45,37796,4488],{"class":135},[45,37798,161],{"class":59},[45,37800,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,37802,153],{"class":152},[45,37804,156],{"class":59},[45,37806,172],{"class":171},[45,37808,156],{"class":59},[45,37810,740],{"class":135},[45,37812,179],{"class":59},[20,37814,182],{},[36,37816,37818],{"className":38,"code":37817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37819,37820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37821,37822,37824,37826,37828,37830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37823,223],{"class":59},[45,37825,2734],{"class":96},[45,37827,84],{"class":59},[45,37829,4828],{"class":96},[45,37831,244],{"class":59},[20,37833,37834,37835,37837],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37836,2294],{}," are kept.",[31,37839,37841],{"id":37840},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37843,2389],{},[36,37845,37847],{"className":38,"code":37846,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37848,37849],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37850,37851,37853,37855,37858,37860,37863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37852,37598],{"class":152},[45,37854,156],{"class":59},[45,37856,37857],{"class":135},"function",[45,37859,84],{"class":59},[45,37861,37862],{"class":135}," iterable",[45,37864,161],{"class":59},[1398,37866,37867],{"id":37857},[15,37868,37857],{},[20,37870,37871],{},"This is the test function.",[258,37873,37874,37877],{},[261,37875,37876],{},"It receives one item at a time",[261,37878,37879,37880,995,37882],{},"It should return ",[15,37881,3831],{},[15,37883,3902],{},[1398,37885,37886],{"id":3948},[15,37887,3948],{},[20,37889,37890],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37892,37893],{},"It can be:",[258,37895,37896,37899,37902,37905,37908],{},[261,37897,37898],{},"a list",[261,37900,37901],{},"a tuple",[261,37903,37904],{},"a string",[261,37906,37907],{},"a set",[261,37909,37910],{},"another iterable object",[20,37912,37913],{},"Example with a tuple:",[36,37915,37917],{"className":38,"code":37916,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37918,37919,37944,37948,37976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37920,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,37922,3846],{"class":51},[45,37924,56],{"class":55},[45,37926,9453],{"class":59},[45,37928,2560],{"class":96},[45,37930,84],{"class":59},[45,37932,37933],{"class":96}," 15",[45,37935,84],{"class":59},[45,37937,97],{"class":96},[45,37939,84],{"class":59},[45,37941,403],{"class":96},[45,37943,161],{"class":59},[45,37945,37946],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,37947,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,37949,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,37951,716],{"class":51},[45,37953,56],{"class":55},[45,37955,37651],{"class":152},[45,37957,156],{"class":59},[45,37959,37656],{"class":1597},[45,37961,37660],{"class":37659},[45,37963,73],{"class":59},[45,37965,4108],{"class":135},[45,37967,5322],{"class":55},[45,37969,97],{"class":96},[45,37971,84],{"class":59},[45,37973,4488],{"class":135},[45,37975,161],{"class":59},[45,37977,37978,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,37979,153],{"class":152},[45,37981,156],{"class":59},[45,37983,172],{"class":171},[45,37985,156],{"class":59},[45,37987,740],{"class":135},[45,37989,179],{"class":59},[20,37991,182],{},[36,37993,37995],{"className":38,"code":37994,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37996,37997],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,37998,37999,38001,38003,38005,38007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38000,223],{"class":59},[45,38002,15948],{"class":96},[45,38004,84],{"class":59},[45,38006,403],{"class":96},[45,38008,244],{"class":59},[20,38010,38011,38012,132],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[277,38013,5359],{"href":5807},[31,38015,38017],{"id":38016},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38019,38020,38021,347,38023,132],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38022,37572],{},[355,38024,38025],{},"filter object",[20,38027,38028],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[258,38030,38031,38034,38039],{},[261,38032,38033],{},"loop through it",[261,38035,38036,38037],{},"convert it with ",[15,38038,24947],{},[261,38040,38036,38041],{},[15,38042,38043],{},"tuple()",[20,38045,361],{},[36,38047,38049],{"className":38,"code":38048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38050,38051,38093,38097,38107,38121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38052,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081,38083,38085,38087,38089,38091],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38054,716],{"class":51},[45,38056,56],{"class":55},[45,38058,37651],{"class":152},[45,38060,156],{"class":59},[45,38062,37656],{"class":1597},[45,38064,37660],{"class":37659},[45,38066,73],{"class":59},[45,38068,4108],{"class":135},[45,38070,4477],{"class":55},[45,38072,1035],{"class":96},[45,38074,84],{"class":59},[45,38076,1427],{"class":59},[45,38078,1430],{"class":96},[45,38080,84],{"class":59},[45,38082,1035],{"class":96},[45,38084,84],{"class":59},[45,38086,1063],{"class":96},[45,38088,84],{"class":59},[45,38090,2687],{"class":96},[45,38092,218],{"class":59},[45,38094,38095],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38096,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38098,38099,38101,38103,38105],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38100,153],{"class":152},[45,38102,156],{"class":59},[45,38104,740],{"class":135},[45,38106,161],{"class":59},[45,38108,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38110,153],{"class":152},[45,38112,156],{"class":59},[45,38114,1478],{"class":171},[45,38116,156],{"class":59},[45,38118,740],{"class":135},[45,38120,179],{"class":59},[45,38122,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,38124,153],{"class":152},[45,38126,156],{"class":59},[45,38128,172],{"class":171},[45,38130,156],{"class":59},[45,38132,740],{"class":135},[45,38134,179],{"class":59},[20,38136,182],{},[36,38138,38140],{"className":38,"code":38139,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38141,38142,38156,38170],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38143,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38145,1594],{"class":55},[45,38147,37598],{"class":152},[45,38149,839],{"class":171},[45,38151,37360],{"class":51},[45,38153,37367],{"class":34445},[45,38155,1607],{"class":55},[45,38157,38158,38160,38162,38164,38166,38168],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38159,1594],{"class":55},[45,38161,1598],{"class":1597},[45,38163,211],{"class":63},[45,38165,37598],{"class":67},[45,38167,198],{"class":63},[45,38169,1607],{"class":55},[45,38171,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38173,223],{"class":59},[45,38175,2294],{"class":96},[45,38177,84],{"class":59},[45,38179,2687],{"class":96},[45,38181,244],{"class":59},[20,38183,38184],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1398,38186,38188],{"id":38187},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38190,38191],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[36,38193,38195],{"className":38,"code":38194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38196,38197,38239,38243,38257],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38198,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38200,716],{"class":51},[45,38202,56],{"class":55},[45,38204,37651],{"class":152},[45,38206,156],{"class":59},[45,38208,37656],{"class":1597},[45,38210,37660],{"class":37659},[45,38212,73],{"class":59},[45,38214,4108],{"class":135},[45,38216,4477],{"class":55},[45,38218,1035],{"class":96},[45,38220,84],{"class":59},[45,38222,1427],{"class":59},[45,38224,1430],{"class":96},[45,38226,84],{"class":59},[45,38228,1035],{"class":96},[45,38230,84],{"class":59},[45,38232,1063],{"class":96},[45,38234,84],{"class":59},[45,38236,2687],{"class":96},[45,38238,218],{"class":59},[45,38240,38241],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38242,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38244,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38246,153],{"class":152},[45,38248,156],{"class":59},[45,38250,172],{"class":171},[45,38252,156],{"class":59},[45,38254,740],{"class":135},[45,38256,179],{"class":59},[45,38258,38259,38261,38263,38265,38267,38269],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38260,153],{"class":152},[45,38262,156],{"class":59},[45,38264,172],{"class":171},[45,38266,156],{"class":59},[45,38268,740],{"class":135},[45,38270,179],{"class":59},[20,38272,182],{},[36,38274,38276],{"className":38,"code":38275,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38277,38278,38290],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38279,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38281,223],{"class":59},[45,38283,2294],{"class":96},[45,38285,84],{"class":59},[45,38287,2687],{"class":96},[45,38289,244],{"class":59},[45,38291,38292],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38293,38294],{"class":59},"[]\n",[20,38296,38297],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[31,38299,1797,38301,8922,38303],{"id":38300},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38302,37572],{},[15,38304,37656],{},[20,38306,15382,38307,38309],{},[15,38308,37656],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38311,38312],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[36,38314,38316],{"className":38,"code":38315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38317,38318,38360,38364,38402],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38319,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38356,38358],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38321,4296],{"class":51},[45,38323,56],{"class":55},[45,38325,1427],{"class":59},[45,38327,64],{"class":63},[45,38329,1028],{"class":67},[45,38331,64],{"class":63},[45,38333,84],{"class":59},[45,38335,76],{"class":63},[45,38337,38338],{"class":67},"kiwi",[45,38340,64],{"class":63},[45,38342,84],{"class":59},[45,38344,76],{"class":63},[45,38346,1042],{"class":67},[45,38348,64],{"class":63},[45,38350,84],{"class":59},[45,38352,76],{"class":63},[45,38354,38355],{"class":67},"fig",[45,38357,64],{"class":63},[45,38359,244],{"class":59},[45,38361,38362],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38363,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38365,38366,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38379,38381,38384,38386,38389,38391,38394,38396,38398,38400],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38367,716],{"class":51},[45,38369,56],{"class":55},[45,38371,37651],{"class":152},[45,38373,156],{"class":59},[45,38375,37656],{"class":1597},[45,38377,38378],{"class":37659}," word",[45,38380,73],{"class":59},[45,38382,38383],{"class":152}," len",[45,38385,156],{"class":59},[45,38387,38388],{"class":135},"word",[45,38390,3889],{"class":59},[45,38392,38393],{"class":55}," >",[45,38395,2687],{"class":96},[45,38397,84],{"class":59},[45,38399,6389],{"class":135},[45,38401,161],{"class":59},[45,38403,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412,38414],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38405,153],{"class":152},[45,38407,156],{"class":59},[45,38409,172],{"class":171},[45,38411,156],{"class":59},[45,38413,740],{"class":135},[45,38415,179],{"class":59},[20,38417,182],{},[36,38419,38421],{"className":38,"code":38420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38422,38423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38424,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439,38441],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38426,223],{"class":59},[45,38428,198],{"class":63},[45,38430,1028],{"class":67},[45,38432,198],{"class":63},[45,38434,84],{"class":59},[45,38436,211],{"class":63},[45,38438,1042],{"class":67},[45,38440,198],{"class":63},[45,38442,244],{"class":59},[20,38444,38445],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38447,38448,38449,132],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[277,38450,38452],{"href":38451},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[31,38454,1797,38456,38458],{"id":38455},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38457,37572],{}," with a named function",[20,38460,38461,38462,132],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38463,37656],{},[20,38465,38466],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[258,38468,38469,38472,38475],{},[261,38470,38471],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[261,38473,38474],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[261,38476,38477],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[36,38479,38481],{"className":38,"code":38480,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38482,38483,38496,38511,38515,38547,38566,38570],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38484,38485,38487,38490,38492,38494],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38486,34844],{"class":1597},[45,38488,38489],{"class":34847}," is_even",[45,38491,156],{"class":59},[45,38493,2469],{"class":37659},[45,38495,8559],{"class":59},[45,38497,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38499,34855],{"class":921},[45,38501,6607],{"class":51},[45,38503,6624],{"class":55},[45,38505,1035],{"class":96},[45,38507,6629],{"class":55},[45,38509,38510],{"class":96}," 0\n",[45,38512,38513],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38514,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38516,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38518,3846],{"class":51},[45,38520,56],{"class":55},[45,38522,1427],{"class":59},[45,38524,1430],{"class":96},[45,38526,84],{"class":59},[45,38528,1035],{"class":96},[45,38530,84],{"class":59},[45,38532,1063],{"class":96},[45,38534,84],{"class":59},[45,38536,2687],{"class":96},[45,38538,84],{"class":59},[45,38540,4828],{"class":96},[45,38542,84],{"class":59},[45,38544,37640],{"class":96},[45,38546,244],{"class":59},[45,38548,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38560,38562,38564],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,38550,716],{"class":51},[45,38552,56],{"class":55},[45,38554,37651],{"class":152},[45,38556,156],{"class":59},[45,38558,38559],{"class":135},"is_even",[45,38561,84],{"class":59},[45,38563,4488],{"class":135},[45,38565,161],{"class":59},[45,38567,38568],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,38569,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38571,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,38573,153],{"class":152},[45,38575,156],{"class":59},[45,38577,172],{"class":171},[45,38579,156],{"class":59},[45,38581,740],{"class":135},[45,38583,179],{"class":59},[20,38585,182],{},[36,38587,38589],{"className":38,"code":38588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38590,38591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38592,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38594,223],{"class":59},[45,38596,1133],{"class":96},[45,38598,84],{"class":59},[45,38600,2687],{"class":96},[45,38602,84],{"class":59},[45,38604,37640],{"class":96},[45,38606,244],{"class":59},[20,38608,20949,38609,2627,38612,38614],{},[15,38610,38611],{},"is_even()",[15,38613,3831],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[31,38616,1797,38618,8922,38620],{"id":38617},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38619,4006],{},[15,38621,37572],{},[20,38623,38624,38625,38627],{},"You can pass ",[15,38626,4006],{}," as the first argument:",[36,38629,38631],{"className":38,"code":38630,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38632,38633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38634,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38636,37598],{"class":152},[45,38638,156],{"class":59},[45,38640,4006],{"class":4080},[45,38642,84],{"class":59},[45,38644,37862],{"class":135},[45,38646,161],{"class":59},[20,38648,38649,38650,7561],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[355,38651,5817],{},[20,38653,38654],{},"Falsy values include:",[258,38656,38657,38661,38666,38670],{},[261,38658,38659],{},[15,38660,1117],{},[261,38662,38663,38665],{},[15,38664,4001],{}," (empty string)",[261,38667,38668],{},[15,38669,4006],{},[261,38671,38672],{},[15,38673,3902],{},[20,38675,361],{},[36,38677,38679],{"className":38,"code":38678,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38680,38681,38725,38729,38747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38682,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38684,8001],{"class":51},[45,38686,56],{"class":55},[45,38688,1427],{"class":59},[45,38690,1117],{"class":96},[45,38692,84],{"class":59},[45,38694,1049],{"class":96},[45,38696,84],{"class":59},[45,38698,6347],{"class":63},[45,38700,84],{"class":59},[45,38702,76],{"class":63},[45,38704,4073],{"class":67},[45,38706,64],{"class":63},[45,38708,84],{"class":59},[45,38710,4081],{"class":4080},[45,38712,84],{"class":59},[45,38714,4142],{"class":4080},[45,38716,84],{"class":59},[45,38718,4133],{"class":4080},[45,38720,84],{"class":59},[45,38722,4828],{"class":96},[45,38724,244],{"class":59},[45,38726,38727],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38728,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38730,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38732,716],{"class":51},[45,38734,56],{"class":55},[45,38736,37651],{"class":152},[45,38738,156],{"class":59},[45,38740,4006],{"class":4080},[45,38742,84],{"class":59},[45,38744,6186],{"class":135},[45,38746,161],{"class":59},[45,38748,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38750,153],{"class":152},[45,38752,156],{"class":59},[45,38754,172],{"class":171},[45,38756,156],{"class":59},[45,38758,740],{"class":135},[45,38760,179],{"class":59},[20,38762,182],{},[36,38764,38766],{"className":38,"code":38765,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38767,38768],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38769,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38771,223],{"class":59},[45,38773,1430],{"class":96},[45,38775,84],{"class":59},[45,38777,211],{"class":63},[45,38779,4073],{"class":67},[45,38781,198],{"class":63},[45,38783,84],{"class":59},[45,38785,4142],{"class":4080},[45,38787,84],{"class":59},[45,38789,4828],{"class":96},[45,38791,244],{"class":59},[20,38793,38794],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[31,38796,5185,38798],{"id":38797},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38799,37572],{},[20,38801,1006,38802,38804],{},[15,38803,37572],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38806,38807],{},"It works well for:",[258,38809,38810,38813,38816],{},[261,38811,38812],{},"simple filtering rules",[261,38814,38815],{},"quick data cleaning",[261,38817,38818],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38820,361],{},[36,38822,38824],{"className":38,"code":38823,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38825,38826,38858,38891,38895],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38827,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38829,3846],{"class":51},[45,38831,56],{"class":55},[45,38833,1427],{"class":59},[45,38835,1430],{"class":96},[45,38837,84],{"class":59},[45,38839,1035],{"class":96},[45,38841,84],{"class":59},[45,38843,1063],{"class":96},[45,38845,84],{"class":59},[45,38847,2687],{"class":96},[45,38849,84],{"class":59},[45,38851,4828],{"class":96},[45,38853,84],{"class":59},[45,38855,37640],{"class":96},[45,38857,244],{"class":59},[45,38859,38860,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38861,38862],{"class":51},"evens ",[45,38864,56],{"class":55},[45,38866,37651],{"class":152},[45,38868,156],{"class":59},[45,38870,37656],{"class":1597},[45,38872,37660],{"class":37659},[45,38874,73],{"class":59},[45,38876,4108],{"class":135},[45,38878,6624],{"class":55},[45,38880,1035],{"class":96},[45,38882,6629],{"class":55},[45,38884,4061],{"class":96},[45,38886,84],{"class":59},[45,38888,4488],{"class":135},[45,38890,161],{"class":59},[45,38892,38893],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38894,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38896,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38908],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38898,153],{"class":152},[45,38900,156],{"class":59},[45,38902,172],{"class":171},[45,38904,156],{"class":59},[45,38906,38907],{"class":135},"evens",[45,38909,179],{"class":59},[20,38911,182],{},[36,38913,38914],{"className":38,"code":38588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,38915,38916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38917,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38919,223],{"class":59},[45,38921,1133],{"class":96},[45,38923,84],{"class":59},[45,38925,2687],{"class":96},[45,38927,84],{"class":59},[45,38929,37640],{"class":96},[45,38931,244],{"class":59},[20,38933,38934,38935,38937],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38936,855],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[36,38939,38941],{"className":38,"code":38940,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38942,38943,38975,38983,38987,38999,39015,39030,39034],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,38944,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969,38971,38973],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,38946,3846],{"class":51},[45,38948,56],{"class":55},[45,38950,1427],{"class":59},[45,38952,1430],{"class":96},[45,38954,84],{"class":59},[45,38956,1035],{"class":96},[45,38958,84],{"class":59},[45,38960,1063],{"class":96},[45,38962,84],{"class":59},[45,38964,2687],{"class":96},[45,38966,84],{"class":59},[45,38968,4828],{"class":96},[45,38970,84],{"class":59},[45,38972,37640],{"class":96},[45,38974,244],{"class":59},[45,38976,38977,38979,38981],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,38978,38862],{"class":51},[45,38980,56],{"class":55},[45,38982,8059],{"class":59},[45,38984,38985],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,38986,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,38988,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,38990,855],{"class":921},[45,38992,6607],{"class":51},[45,38994,927],{"class":921},[45,38996,4488],{"class":51},[45,38998,6614],{"class":59},[45,39000,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,39002,6619],{"class":921},[45,39004,6607],{"class":51},[45,39006,6624],{"class":55},[45,39008,1035],{"class":96},[45,39010,6629],{"class":55},[45,39012,4061],{"class":96},[45,39014,6614],{"class":59},[45,39016,39017,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,39018,39019],{"class":51},"        evens",[45,39021,132],{"class":59},[45,39023,13746],{"class":135},[45,39025,156],{"class":59},[45,39027,2469],{"class":135},[45,39029,161],{"class":59},[45,39031,39032],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,39033,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,39035,39036,39038,39040,39042],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,39037,153],{"class":152},[45,39039,156],{"class":59},[45,39041,38907],{"class":135},[45,39043,161],{"class":59},[20,39045,182],{},[36,39047,39048],{"className":38,"code":38588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,39049,39050],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39051,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39053,223],{"class":59},[45,39055,1133],{"class":96},[45,39057,84],{"class":59},[45,39059,2687],{"class":96},[45,39061,84],{"class":59},[45,39063,37640],{"class":96},[45,39065,244],{"class":59},[20,39067,39068],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[36,39070,39072],{"className":38,"code":39071,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39073,39074,39106,39139,39143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39075,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39077,3846],{"class":51},[45,39079,56],{"class":55},[45,39081,1427],{"class":59},[45,39083,1430],{"class":96},[45,39085,84],{"class":59},[45,39087,1035],{"class":96},[45,39089,84],{"class":59},[45,39091,1063],{"class":96},[45,39093,84],{"class":59},[45,39095,2687],{"class":96},[45,39097,84],{"class":59},[45,39099,4828],{"class":96},[45,39101,84],{"class":59},[45,39103,37640],{"class":96},[45,39105,244],{"class":59},[45,39107,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39109,38862],{"class":51},[45,39111,56],{"class":55},[45,39113,1427],{"class":59},[45,39115,2447],{"class":51},[45,39117,855],{"class":921},[45,39119,6607],{"class":51},[45,39121,927],{"class":921},[45,39123,39124],{"class":51}," numbers ",[45,39126,7219],{"class":921},[45,39128,6607],{"class":51},[45,39130,6624],{"class":55},[45,39132,1035],{"class":96},[45,39134,6629],{"class":55},[45,39136,4061],{"class":96},[45,39138,244],{"class":59},[45,39140,39141],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,39142,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,39146,153],{"class":152},[45,39148,156],{"class":59},[45,39150,38907],{"class":135},[45,39152,161],{"class":59},[20,39154,182],{},[36,39156,39157],{"className":38,"code":38588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,39158,39159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39162,223],{"class":59},[45,39164,1133],{"class":96},[45,39166,84],{"class":59},[45,39168,2687],{"class":96},[45,39170,84],{"class":59},[45,39172,37640],{"class":96},[45,39174,244],{"class":59},[20,39176,39177,39178,132],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[277,39179,39181],{"href":39180},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[31,39183,3061],{"id":3060},[20,39185,14926,39186,132],{},[15,39187,37572],{},[1398,39189,8670,39191,39193],{"id":39190},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39192,37572],{}," to return a list",[20,39195,39196],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[36,39198,39200],{"className":38,"code":39199,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39201,39202,39244],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39203,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39205,716],{"class":51},[45,39207,56],{"class":55},[45,39209,37651],{"class":152},[45,39211,156],{"class":59},[45,39213,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39215,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39217,73],{"class":59},[45,39219,4108],{"class":135},[45,39221,4477],{"class":55},[45,39223,1035],{"class":96},[45,39225,84],{"class":59},[45,39227,1427],{"class":59},[45,39229,1430],{"class":96},[45,39231,84],{"class":59},[45,39233,1035],{"class":96},[45,39235,84],{"class":59},[45,39237,1063],{"class":96},[45,39239,84],{"class":59},[45,39241,2687],{"class":96},[45,39243,218],{"class":59},[45,39245,39246,39248,39250,39252],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39247,153],{"class":152},[45,39249,156],{"class":59},[45,39251,740],{"class":135},[45,39253,161],{"class":59},[20,39255,39256],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39258,39259],{},"Fix:",[36,39261,39263],{"className":38,"code":39262,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39264,39265,39307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39266,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39268,716],{"class":51},[45,39270,56],{"class":55},[45,39272,37651],{"class":152},[45,39274,156],{"class":59},[45,39276,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39278,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39280,73],{"class":59},[45,39282,4108],{"class":135},[45,39284,4477],{"class":55},[45,39286,1035],{"class":96},[45,39288,84],{"class":59},[45,39290,1427],{"class":59},[45,39292,1430],{"class":96},[45,39294,84],{"class":59},[45,39296,1035],{"class":96},[45,39298,84],{"class":59},[45,39300,1063],{"class":96},[45,39302,84],{"class":59},[45,39304,2687],{"class":96},[45,39306,218],{"class":59},[45,39308,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39310,153],{"class":152},[45,39312,156],{"class":59},[45,39314,172],{"class":171},[45,39316,156],{"class":59},[45,39318,740],{"class":135},[45,39320,179],{"class":59},[1398,39322,39324,39325,995,39327,39329],{"id":39323},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39326,3831],{},[15,39328,3902],{}," clearly",[20,39331,39332],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39334,39335],{},"Good example:",[36,39337,39339],{"className":38,"code":39338,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39340,39341,39354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39342,39343,39345,39348,39350,39352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39344,34844],{"class":1597},[45,39346,39347],{"class":34847}," is_positive",[45,39349,156],{"class":59},[45,39351,2469],{"class":37659},[45,39353,8559],{"class":59},[45,39355,39356,39358,39360,39362],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39357,34855],{"class":921},[45,39359,6607],{"class":51},[45,39361,4477],{"class":55},[45,39363,38510],{"class":96},[20,39365,39366],{},"Then use it with:",[36,39368,39370],{"className":38,"code":39369,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39371,39372,39404],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39373,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39375,3846],{"class":51},[45,39377,56],{"class":55},[45,39379,1427],{"class":59},[45,39381,2254],{"class":55},[45,39383,1133],{"class":96},[45,39385,84],{"class":59},[45,39387,2452],{"class":55},[45,39389,1430],{"class":96},[45,39391,84],{"class":59},[45,39393,4061],{"class":96},[45,39395,84],{"class":59},[45,39397,1049],{"class":96},[45,39399,84],{"class":59},[45,39401,1035],{"class":96},[45,39403,244],{"class":59},[45,39405,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39421,39423,39425],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39407,153],{"class":152},[45,39409,156],{"class":59},[45,39411,172],{"class":171},[45,39413,156],{"class":59},[45,39415,37598],{"class":152},[45,39417,156],{"class":59},[45,39419,39420],{"class":135},"is_positive",[45,39422,84],{"class":59},[45,39424,4488],{"class":135},[45,39426,3143],{"class":59},[20,39428,182],{},[36,39430,39432],{"className":38,"code":39431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39433,39434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39435,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39437,223],{"class":59},[45,39439,1430],{"class":96},[45,39441,84],{"class":59},[45,39443,1035],{"class":96},[45,39445,244],{"class":59},[1398,39447,39449],{"id":39448},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39451,39452],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[36,39454,39455],{"className":38,"code":38194,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,39456,39457,39499,39503,39517],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39458,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39460,716],{"class":51},[45,39462,56],{"class":55},[45,39464,37651],{"class":152},[45,39466,156],{"class":59},[45,39468,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39470,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39472,73],{"class":59},[45,39474,4108],{"class":135},[45,39476,4477],{"class":55},[45,39478,1035],{"class":96},[45,39480,84],{"class":59},[45,39482,1427],{"class":59},[45,39484,1430],{"class":96},[45,39486,84],{"class":59},[45,39488,1035],{"class":96},[45,39490,84],{"class":59},[45,39492,1063],{"class":96},[45,39494,84],{"class":59},[45,39496,2687],{"class":96},[45,39498,218],{"class":59},[45,39500,39501],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39502,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,39504,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,39506,153],{"class":152},[45,39508,156],{"class":59},[45,39510,172],{"class":171},[45,39512,156],{"class":59},[45,39514,740],{"class":135},[45,39516,179],{"class":59},[45,39518,39519,39521,39523,39525,39527,39529],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,39520,153],{"class":152},[45,39522,156],{"class":59},[45,39524,172],{"class":171},[45,39526,156],{"class":59},[45,39528,740],{"class":135},[45,39530,179],{"class":59},[20,39532,182],{},[36,39534,39535],{"className":38,"code":38275,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,39536,39537,39549],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39538,39539,39541,39543,39545,39547],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39540,223],{"class":59},[45,39542,2294],{"class":96},[45,39544,84],{"class":59},[45,39546,2687],{"class":96},[45,39548,244],{"class":59},[45,39550,39551],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39552,38294],{"class":59},[20,39554,39555],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[36,39557,39559],{"className":38,"code":39558,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39560,39561,39607,39611,39621],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39562,39563,39565,39567,39569,39571,39573,39575,39577,39579,39581,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593,39595,39597,39599,39601,39603,39605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39564,716],{"class":51},[45,39566,56],{"class":55},[45,39568,587],{"class":171},[45,39570,156],{"class":59},[45,39572,37598],{"class":152},[45,39574,156],{"class":59},[45,39576,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39578,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39580,73],{"class":59},[45,39582,4108],{"class":135},[45,39584,4477],{"class":55},[45,39586,1035],{"class":96},[45,39588,84],{"class":59},[45,39590,1427],{"class":59},[45,39592,1430],{"class":96},[45,39594,84],{"class":59},[45,39596,1035],{"class":96},[45,39598,84],{"class":59},[45,39600,1063],{"class":96},[45,39602,84],{"class":59},[45,39604,2687],{"class":96},[45,39606,3229],{"class":59},[45,39608,39609],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39610,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,39612,39613,39615,39617,39619],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,39614,153],{"class":152},[45,39616,156],{"class":59},[45,39618,740],{"class":135},[45,39620,161],{"class":59},[45,39622,39623,39625,39627,39629],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,39624,153],{"class":152},[45,39626,156],{"class":59},[45,39628,740],{"class":135},[45,39630,161],{"class":59},[1398,39632,39634],{"id":39633},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39636,39637],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39639,1412],{},[36,39641,39643],{"className":38,"code":39642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39644,39645],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39646,39647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39648,39642],{"class":1712},[20,39650,39651,39652,6772],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39653,2560],{},[20,39655,16848],{},[36,39657,39659],{"className":38,"code":39658,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39660,39661],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39662,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39699,39701,39703,39705],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39664,153],{"class":152},[45,39666,156],{"class":59},[45,39668,172],{"class":171},[45,39670,156],{"class":59},[45,39672,37598],{"class":152},[45,39674,156],{"class":59},[45,39676,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39678,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39680,73],{"class":59},[45,39682,4108],{"class":135},[45,39684,4477],{"class":55},[45,39686,1035],{"class":96},[45,39688,84],{"class":59},[45,39690,1427],{"class":59},[45,39692,1430],{"class":96},[45,39694,84],{"class":59},[45,39696,1035],{"class":96},[45,39698,84],{"class":59},[45,39700,1063],{"class":96},[45,39702,84],{"class":59},[45,39704,2687],{"class":96},[45,39706,37261],{"class":59},[1398,39708,37200,39710,8922,39712],{"id":39709},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39711,37572],{},[15,39713,39714],{},"map()",[258,39716,39717,39722],{},[261,39718,39719,39721],{},[15,39720,37572],{}," keeps or removes items",[261,39723,39724,39726],{},[15,39725,39714],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39728,39729,39730,73],{},"Example of ",[15,39731,37572],{},[36,39733,39735],{"className":38,"code":39734,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39736,39737,39761],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39738,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39740,3846],{"class":51},[45,39742,56],{"class":55},[45,39744,1427],{"class":59},[45,39746,1430],{"class":96},[45,39748,84],{"class":59},[45,39750,1035],{"class":96},[45,39752,84],{"class":59},[45,39754,1063],{"class":96},[45,39756,84],{"class":59},[45,39758,2687],{"class":96},[45,39760,244],{"class":59},[45,39762,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39775,39777,39779,39781,39783,39785,39787,39789,39791],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39764,153],{"class":152},[45,39766,156],{"class":59},[45,39768,172],{"class":171},[45,39770,156],{"class":59},[45,39772,37598],{"class":152},[45,39774,156],{"class":59},[45,39776,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39778,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39780,73],{"class":59},[45,39782,4108],{"class":135},[45,39784,4477],{"class":55},[45,39786,1035],{"class":96},[45,39788,84],{"class":59},[45,39790,4488],{"class":135},[45,39792,3143],{"class":59},[20,39794,182],{},[36,39796,39798],{"className":38,"code":39797,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39799,39800],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39801,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39803,223],{"class":59},[45,39805,2294],{"class":96},[45,39807,84],{"class":59},[45,39809,2687],{"class":96},[45,39811,244],{"class":59},[20,39813,39729,39814,73],{},[15,39815,39714],{},[36,39817,39819],{"className":38,"code":39818,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39820,39821,39845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39822,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39824,3846],{"class":51},[45,39826,56],{"class":55},[45,39828,1427],{"class":59},[45,39830,1430],{"class":96},[45,39832,84],{"class":59},[45,39834,1035],{"class":96},[45,39836,84],{"class":59},[45,39838,1063],{"class":96},[45,39840,84],{"class":59},[45,39842,2687],{"class":96},[45,39844,244],{"class":59},[45,39846,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39871,39873,39875,39877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,39848,153],{"class":152},[45,39850,156],{"class":59},[45,39852,172],{"class":171},[45,39854,156],{"class":59},[45,39856,39857],{"class":152},"map",[45,39859,156],{"class":59},[45,39861,37656],{"class":1597},[45,39863,37660],{"class":37659},[45,39865,73],{"class":59},[45,39867,4108],{"class":135},[45,39869,39870],{"class":55},"*",[45,39872,1035],{"class":96},[45,39874,84],{"class":59},[45,39876,4488],{"class":135},[45,39878,3143],{"class":59},[20,39880,182],{},[36,39882,39884],{"className":38,"code":39883,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39885,39886],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,39887,39888,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,39889,223],{"class":59},[45,39891,1133],{"class":96},[45,39893,84],{"class":59},[45,39895,2687],{"class":96},[45,39897,84],{"class":59},[45,39899,37640],{"class":96},[45,39901,84],{"class":59},[45,39903,6580],{"class":96},[45,39905,244],{"class":59},[20,39907,39908,39909,132],{},"For the related function, see ",[277,39910,3802,39912,3735],{"href":39911},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39913,39714],{},[31,39915,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,39917,2062,39919,39921],{"id":39918},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39920,37572],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39923,39924,39925,39927],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39926,24947],{}," if needed.",[1398,39929,39931,39932,39934],{"id":39930},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39933,37572],{}," need to return?",[20,39936,37879,39937,39939,39940,39942],{},[15,39938,3831],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39941,3902],{}," to remove it.",[1398,39944,28485,39946,39948],{"id":39945},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39947,37572],{}," without lambda?",[20,39950,39951],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1398,39953,2049,39955,39958],{"id":39954},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39956,39957],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39960,39961,39962,39964,39965,17257,39967,132],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39963,1117],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39966,4006],{},[15,39968,3902],{},[1398,39970,21599,39972,39974],{"id":39971},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39973,37572],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39976,39977,39978,39980],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39979,855],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39982,39983],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[258,39985,39986,39992,39998],{},[261,39987,39988,39989,39991],{},"use ",[15,39990,37572],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[261,39993,39994,39995,39997],{},"use a ",[15,39996,855],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[261,39999,40000],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40002,40003,40004,132],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[277,40005,5355],{"href":40006},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[31,40008,2114],{"id":2113},[258,40010,40011,40016,40020,40025,40031],{},[261,40012,40013],{},[277,40014,40015],{"href":38451},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[261,40017,40018],{},[277,40019,5442],{"href":40006},[261,40021,40022],{},[277,40023,40024],{"href":39180},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[261,40026,40027],{},[277,40028,3802,40029,3735],{"href":39911},[15,40030,39714],{},[261,40032,40033],{},[277,40034,5437],{"href":5807},[2154,40036,40037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":40039},[40040,40041,40043,40047,40050,40052,40054,40056,40058,40068,40080],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":37706,"depth":121,"text":40042},"What filter() does",{"id":37840,"depth":121,"text":37841,"children":40044},[40045,40046],{"id":37857,"depth":142,"text":37857},{"id":3948,"depth":142,"text":3948},{"id":38016,"depth":121,"text":38017,"children":40048},[40049],{"id":38187,"depth":142,"text":38188},{"id":38300,"depth":121,"text":40051},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38455,"depth":121,"text":40053},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38617,"depth":121,"text":40055},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38797,"depth":121,"text":40057},"When to use filter()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":40059},[40060,40062,40064,40065,40066],{"id":39190,"depth":142,"text":40061},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39323,"depth":142,"text":40063},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39448,"depth":142,"text":39449},{"id":39633,"depth":142,"text":39634},{"id":39709,"depth":142,"text":40067},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":40069},[40070,40072,40074,40076,40078],{"id":39918,"depth":142,"text":40071},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39930,"depth":142,"text":40073},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39945,"depth":142,"text":40075},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39954,"depth":142,"text":40077},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39971,"depth":142,"text":40079},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37564,"description":40081},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40088,"title":40089,"body":40090,"description":42243,"extension":2195,"meta":42244,"navigation":145,"path":42245,"seo":42246,"stem":42247,"__hash__":42248},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40091,"toc":42197},[40092,40095,40100,40106,40108,40160,40162,40181,40186,40190,40195,40198,40213,40216,40238,40240,40289,40291,40315,40317,40319,40334,40339,40347,40362,40364,40373,40376,40411,40415,40420,40424,40431,40466,40468,40484,40488,40491,40532,40534,40548,40552,40555,40579,40581,40590,40594,40597,40630,40632,40645,40649,40655,40674,40676,40684,40688,40693,40697,40703,40726,40728,40757,40760,40779,40783,40786,40813,40815,40849,40853,40856,40880,40884,40895,40897,40902,40908,40910,40994,40996,41038,41041,41045,41052,41061,41117,41124,41133,41138,41142,41213,41215,41224,41228,41231,41275,41277,41286,41290,41296,41346,41350,41355,41359,41383,41385,41394,41398,41422,41424,41435,41439,41463,41465,41474,41477,41494,41500,41504,41510,41513,41518,41521,41542,41544,41576,41579,41584,41586,41597,41599,41643,41647,41654,41706,41708,41717,41721,41724,41817,41820,41844,41848,41851,41943,41948,41952,41959,41964,41988,41990,41999,42004,42027,42029,42037,42044,42067,42075,42077,42090,42100,42102,42106,42113,42117,42126,42130,42137,42141,42145,42149,42162,42164,42194],[10,40093,40089],{"id":40094},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40096,9341,40097,40099],{},[15,40098,3115],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40101,40102,40103,40105],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40104,3115],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[31,40107,34],{"id":33},[36,40109,40111],{"className":38,"code":40110,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40112,40113,40127,40146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40114,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40116,153],{"class":152},[45,40118,156],{"class":59},[45,40120,2422],{"class":171},[45,40122,156],{"class":59},[45,40124,2366],{"class":96},[45,40126,179],{"class":59},[45,40128,40129,40131,40133,40135,40137,40139,40142,40144],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40130,153],{"class":152},[45,40132,156],{"class":59},[45,40134,2422],{"class":171},[45,40136,156],{"class":59},[45,40138,64],{"class":63},[45,40140,40141],{"class":67},"3.14",[45,40143,64],{"class":63},[45,40145,179],{"class":59},[45,40147,40148,40150,40152,40154,40156,40158],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,40149,153],{"class":152},[45,40151,156],{"class":59},[45,40153,2422],{"class":171},[45,40155,156],{"class":59},[45,40157,3831],{"class":4080},[45,40159,179],{"class":59},[20,40161,182],{},[36,40163,40165],{"className":38,"code":40164,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40166,40167,40171,40176],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40168,40169],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40170,2709],{"class":96},[45,40172,40173],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40174,40175],{"class":96},"3.14\n",[45,40177,40178],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,40179,40180],{"class":96},"1.0\n",[20,40182,1006,40183,40185],{},[15,40184,3115],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[31,40187,40189],{"id":40188},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40191,40192,40194],{},[15,40193,3115],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40196,40197],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[258,40199,40200,40204,40208],{},[261,40201,40202],{},[15,40203,2721],{},[261,40205,40206],{},[15,40207,40141],{},[261,40209,40210],{},[15,40211,40212],{},"0.5",[20,40214,40215],{},"A few key points:",[258,40217,40218,40225,40228,40231],{},[261,40219,40220,40222,40223],{},[15,40221,3115],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40224,2422],{},[261,40226,40227],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[261,40229,40230],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[261,40232,40233,40234],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[277,40235,40236],{"href":8438},[15,40237,3189],{},[20,40239,361],{},[36,40241,40243],{"className":38,"code":40242,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40244,40245,40265,40275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40246,40247,40249,40251,40254,40256,40258,40261,40263],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40248,2447],{"class":51},[45,40250,56],{"class":55},[45,40252,40253],{"class":171}," float",[45,40255,156],{"class":59},[45,40257,64],{"class":63},[45,40259,40260],{"class":67},"2.75",[45,40262,64],{"class":63},[45,40264,161],{"class":59},[45,40266,40267,40269,40271,40273],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40268,153],{"class":152},[45,40270,156],{"class":59},[45,40272,2469],{"class":135},[45,40274,161],{"class":59},[45,40276,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285,40287],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,40278,153],{"class":152},[45,40280,156],{"class":59},[45,40282,1478],{"class":171},[45,40284,156],{"class":59},[45,40286,2469],{"class":135},[45,40288,179],{"class":59},[20,40290,182],{},[36,40292,40294],{"className":38,"code":40293,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40295,40296,40301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40297,40298],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40299,40300],{"class":96},"2.75\n",[45,40302,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311,40313],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40304,1594],{"class":55},[45,40306,1598],{"class":1597},[45,40308,211],{"class":63},[45,40310,2422],{"class":67},[45,40312,198],{"class":63},[45,40314,1607],{"class":55},[31,40316,284],{"id":283},[20,40318,7439],{},[36,40320,40322],{"className":38,"code":40321,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"float(value)\n",[15,40323,40324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40325,40326,40328,40330,40332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40327,2422],{"class":171},[45,40329,156],{"class":59},[45,40331,947],{"class":135},[45,40333,161],{"class":59},[20,40335,40336,40337,132],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40338,3115],{},[20,40340,40341,40342,40344,40345,73],{},"If you call ",[15,40343,3115],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40346,3996],{},[36,40348,40350],{"className":38,"code":40349,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float())\n",[15,40351,40352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40353,40354,40356,40358,40360],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40355,153],{"class":152},[45,40357,156],{"class":59},[45,40359,2422],{"class":171},[45,40361,598],{"class":59},[20,40363,182],{},[36,40365,40367],{"className":38,"code":40366,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0.0\n",[15,40368,40369],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40370,40371],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40372,40366],{"class":96},[20,40374,40375],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[36,40377,40379],{"className":38,"code":40378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40380,40381,40401],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40382,40383,40386,40388,40390,40392,40394,40397,40399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40384,40385],{"class":51},"price ",[45,40387,56],{"class":55},[45,40389,40253],{"class":171},[45,40391,156],{"class":59},[45,40393,64],{"class":63},[45,40395,40396],{"class":67},"19.99",[45,40398,64],{"class":63},[45,40400,161],{"class":59},[45,40402,40403,40405,40407,40409],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40404,153],{"class":152},[45,40406,156],{"class":59},[45,40408,25311],{"class":135},[45,40410,161],{"class":59},[31,40412,40414],{"id":40413},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40416,40417,40419],{},[15,40418,3115],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1398,40421,40423],{"id":40422},"integers","Integers",[20,40425,40426,40427,40430],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40428,40429],{},".0"," added:",[36,40432,40434],{"className":38,"code":40433,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40435,40436,40450],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40437,40438,40440,40442,40444,40446,40448],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40439,153],{"class":152},[45,40441,156],{"class":59},[45,40443,2422],{"class":171},[45,40445,156],{"class":59},[45,40447,2366],{"class":96},[45,40449,179],{"class":59},[45,40451,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460,40462,40464],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40453,153],{"class":152},[45,40455,156],{"class":59},[45,40457,2422],{"class":171},[45,40459,156],{"class":59},[45,40461,2254],{"class":55},[45,40463,1133],{"class":96},[45,40465,179],{"class":59},[20,40467,182],{},[36,40469,40471],{"className":38,"code":40470,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40472,40473,40477],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40474,40475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40476,2709],{"class":96},[45,40478,40479,40481],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40480,2254],{"class":55},[45,40482,40483],{"class":96},"2.0\n",[1398,40485,40487],{"id":40486},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40489,40490],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[36,40492,40494],{"className":38,"code":40493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40495,40496,40514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40497,40498,40500,40502,40504,40506,40508,40510,40512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40499,153],{"class":152},[45,40501,156],{"class":59},[45,40503,2422],{"class":171},[45,40505,156],{"class":59},[45,40507,64],{"class":63},[45,40509,40141],{"class":67},[45,40511,64],{"class":63},[45,40513,179],{"class":59},[45,40515,40516,40518,40520,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40517,153],{"class":152},[45,40519,156],{"class":59},[45,40521,2422],{"class":171},[45,40523,156],{"class":59},[45,40525,64],{"class":63},[45,40527,2560],{"class":67},[45,40529,64],{"class":63},[45,40531,179],{"class":59},[20,40533,182],{},[36,40535,40537],{"className":38,"code":40536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40538,40539,40543],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40540,40541],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40542,40175],{"class":96},[45,40544,40545],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40546,40547],{"class":96},"10.0\n",[1398,40549,40551],{"id":40550},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40553,40554],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[36,40556,40558],{"className":38,"code":40557,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40559,40560],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40561,40562,40564,40566,40568,40570,40572,40575,40577],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40563,153],{"class":152},[45,40565,156],{"class":59},[45,40567,2422],{"class":171},[45,40569,156],{"class":59},[45,40571,64],{"class":63},[45,40573,40574],{"class":67},"  8.5  ",[45,40576,64],{"class":63},[45,40578,179],{"class":59},[20,40580,182],{},[36,40582,40584],{"className":38,"code":40583,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8.5\n",[15,40585,40586],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40587,40588],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40589,40583],{"class":96},[1398,40591,40593],{"id":40592},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40595,40596],{},"Boolean values also work:",[36,40598,40600],{"className":38,"code":40599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40601,40602,40616],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40603,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40605,153],{"class":152},[45,40607,156],{"class":59},[45,40609,2422],{"class":171},[45,40611,156],{"class":59},[45,40613,3831],{"class":4080},[45,40615,179],{"class":59},[45,40617,40618,40620,40622,40624,40626,40628],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40619,153],{"class":152},[45,40621,156],{"class":59},[45,40623,2422],{"class":171},[45,40625,156],{"class":59},[45,40627,3902],{"class":4080},[45,40629,179],{"class":59},[20,40631,182],{},[36,40633,40635],{"className":38,"code":40634,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40636,40637,40641],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40638,40639],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40640,40180],{"class":96},[45,40642,40643],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40644,40366],{"class":96},[1398,40646,40648],{"id":40647},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40650,40651,40652,40654],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40653,3115],{}," returns a float version of it:",[36,40656,40658],{"className":38,"code":40657,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40659,40660],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40661,40662,40664,40666,40668,40670,40672],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40663,153],{"class":152},[45,40665,156],{"class":59},[45,40667,2422],{"class":171},[45,40669,156],{"class":59},[45,40671,2592],{"class":96},[45,40673,179],{"class":59},[20,40675,182],{},[36,40677,40678],{"className":38,"code":2616,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,40679,40680],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40681,40682],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40683,2616],{"class":96},[31,40685,40687],{"id":40686},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40689,40690,40691,132],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40692,3115],{},[1398,40694,40696],{"id":40695},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40698,40699,40700,73],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40701,40702],{},"ValueError",[36,40704,40706],{"className":38,"code":40705,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40707,40708],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40709,40710,40712,40714,40716,40718,40720,40722,40724],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40711,153],{"class":152},[45,40713,156],{"class":59},[45,40715,2422],{"class":171},[45,40717,156],{"class":59},[45,40719,64],{"class":63},[45,40721,4073],{"class":67},[45,40723,64],{"class":63},[45,40725,179],{"class":59},[20,40727,29836],{},[36,40729,40731],{"className":38,"code":40730,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40732,40733],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40734,40735,40737,40739,40742,40744,40747,40749,40751,40753,40755],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40736,40702],{"class":171},[45,40738,73],{"class":59},[45,40740,40741],{"class":51}," could ",[45,40743,4854],{"class":55},[45,40745,40746],{"class":51}," convert string to ",[45,40748,2422],{"class":171},[45,40750,73],{"class":59},[45,40752,211],{"class":63},[45,40754,4073],{"class":67},[45,40756,29855],{"class":63},[20,40758,40759],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[36,40761,40763],{"className":38,"code":40762,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40764,40765],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40766,40767,40769,40771,40773,40775,40777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40768,153],{"class":152},[45,40770,156],{"class":59},[45,40772,2422],{"class":171},[45,40774,156],{"class":59},[45,40776,6493],{"class":63},[45,40778,179],{"class":59},[1398,40780,40782],{"id":40781},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40784,40785],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[36,40787,40789],{"className":38,"code":40788,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40790,40791],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40792,40793,40795,40797,40799,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40794,153],{"class":152},[45,40796,156],{"class":59},[45,40798,2422],{"class":171},[45,40800,195],{"class":59},[45,40802,1430],{"class":96},[45,40804,84],{"class":59},[45,40806,1035],{"class":96},[45,40808,84],{"class":59},[45,40810,1063],{"class":96},[45,40812,3229],{"class":59},[20,40814,29836],{},[36,40816,40818],{"className":38,"code":40817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40819,40820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40821,40822,40824,40826,40828,40830,40833,40836,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40823,3235],{"class":171},[45,40825,73],{"class":59},[45,40827,40253],{"class":171},[45,40829,7587],{"class":59},[45,40831,40832],{"class":51}," argument must be a string ",[45,40834,40835],{"class":55},"or",[45,40837,40838],{"class":51}," a real number",[45,40840,84],{"class":59},[45,40842,8318],{"class":55},[45,40844,211],{"class":63},[45,40846,172],{"class":67},[45,40848,29855],{"class":63},[1398,40850,40852],{"id":40851},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40854,40855],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[36,40857,40859],{"className":38,"code":40858,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40860,40861],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40862,40863,40865,40867,40869,40871,40873,40876,40878],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40864,153],{"class":152},[45,40866,156],{"class":59},[45,40868,2422],{"class":171},[45,40870,156],{"class":59},[45,40872,64],{"class":63},[45,40874,40875],{"class":67},"3,14",[45,40877,64],{"class":63},[45,40879,179],{"class":59},[20,40881,3232,40882,132],{},[15,40883,40702],{},[20,40885,40886,40887,329,40891,132],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[277,40888,40890],{"href":40889},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[277,40892,40894],{"href":40893},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[31,40896,17601],{"id":17600},[20,40898,40899,40901],{},[15,40900,3115],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40903,40904,40905,40907],{},"It does ",[355,40906,4854],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40909,361],{},[36,40911,40913],{"className":38,"code":40912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40914,40915,40928,40942,40946,40956,40966,40980],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,40916,40917,40919,40921,40923,40926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,40918,34680],{"class":51},[45,40920,56],{"class":55},[45,40922,76],{"class":63},[45,40924,40925],{"class":67},"6.5",[45,40927,468],{"class":63},[45,40929,40930,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,40931,2447],{"class":51},[45,40933,56],{"class":55},[45,40935,40253],{"class":171},[45,40937,156],{"class":59},[45,40939,34701],{"class":135},[45,40941,161],{"class":59},[45,40943,40944],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,40945,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,40947,40948,40950,40952,40954],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,40949,153],{"class":152},[45,40951,156],{"class":59},[45,40953,34701],{"class":135},[45,40955,161],{"class":59},[45,40957,40958,40960,40962,40964],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,40959,153],{"class":152},[45,40961,156],{"class":59},[45,40963,2469],{"class":135},[45,40965,161],{"class":59},[45,40967,40968,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,40969,153],{"class":152},[45,40971,156],{"class":59},[45,40973,1478],{"class":171},[45,40975,156],{"class":59},[45,40977,34701],{"class":135},[45,40979,179],{"class":59},[45,40981,40982,40984,40986,40988,40990,40992],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,40983,153],{"class":152},[45,40985,156],{"class":59},[45,40987,1478],{"class":171},[45,40989,156],{"class":59},[45,40991,2469],{"class":135},[45,40993,179],{"class":59},[20,40995,182],{},[36,40997,40999],{"className":38,"code":40998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41000,41001,41006,41010,41024],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41002,41003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41004,41005],{"class":96},"6.5\n",[45,41007,41008],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41009,41005],{"class":96},[45,41011,41012,41014,41016,41018,41020,41022],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41013,1594],{"class":55},[45,41015,1598],{"class":1597},[45,41017,211],{"class":63},[45,41019,3669],{"class":67},[45,41021,198],{"class":63},[45,41023,1607],{"class":55},[45,41025,41026,41028,41030,41032,41034,41036],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41027,1594],{"class":55},[45,41029,1598],{"class":1597},[45,41031,211],{"class":63},[45,41033,2422],{"class":67},[45,41035,198],{"class":63},[45,41037,1607],{"class":55},[20,41039,41040],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[31,41042,41044],{"id":41043},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1398,41046,41048,41049,41051],{"id":41047},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41050,3189],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41053,2212,41054,41058,41059,132],{},[277,41055,41056,2532],{"href":8438},[15,41057,3189],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41060,3115],{},[36,41062,41064],{"className":38,"code":41063,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41065,41066,41085,41099,41103],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41067,41068,41070,41072,41074,41076,41078,41081,41083],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41069,8456],{"class":51},[45,41071,56],{"class":55},[45,41073,8461],{"class":152},[45,41075,156],{"class":59},[45,41077,64],{"class":63},[45,41079,41080],{"class":67},"Enter a price: ",[45,41082,64],{"class":63},[45,41084,161],{"class":59},[45,41086,41087,41089,41091,41093,41095,41097],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41088,40385],{"class":51},[45,41090,56],{"class":55},[45,41092,40253],{"class":171},[45,41094,156],{"class":59},[45,41096,8485],{"class":135},[45,41098,161],{"class":59},[45,41100,41101],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41102,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41104,41105,41107,41109,41111,41113,41115],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41106,153],{"class":152},[45,41108,156],{"class":59},[45,41110,40385],{"class":135},[45,41112,39870],{"class":55},[45,41114,1035],{"class":96},[45,41116,161],{"class":59},[20,41118,41119,41120,41123],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41121,41122],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[36,41125,41127],{"className":38,"code":41126,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"9.0\n",[15,41128,41129],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41130,41131],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41132,41126],{"class":96},[20,41134,41135,41136,132],{},"For more help with this, see ",[277,41137,9199],{"href":9198},[1398,41139,41141],{"id":41140},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[36,41143,41145],{"className":38,"code":41144,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41146,41147,41160,41173,41177,41202],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41148,41149,41151,41153,41155,41158],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41150,2784],{"class":51},[45,41152,56],{"class":55},[45,41154,76],{"class":63},[45,41156,41157],{"class":67},"2.5",[45,41159,468],{"class":63},[45,41161,41162,41164,41166,41168,41171],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41163,2812],{"class":51},[45,41165,56],{"class":55},[45,41167,76],{"class":63},[45,41169,41170],{"class":67},"1.5",[45,41172,468],{"class":63},[45,41174,41175],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41176,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41178,41179,41182,41184,41186,41188,41190,41192,41194,41196,41198,41200],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41180,41181],{"class":51},"total ",[45,41183,56],{"class":55},[45,41185,40253],{"class":171},[45,41187,156],{"class":59},[45,41189,277],{"class":135},[45,41191,3889],{"class":59},[45,41193,2684],{"class":55},[45,41195,40253],{"class":171},[45,41197,156],{"class":59},[45,41199,1930],{"class":135},[45,41201,161],{"class":59},[45,41203,41204,41206,41208,41211],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,41205,153],{"class":152},[45,41207,156],{"class":59},[45,41209,41210],{"class":135},"total",[45,41212,161],{"class":59},[20,41214,182],{},[36,41216,41218],{"className":38,"code":41217,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4.0\n",[15,41219,41220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41221,41222],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41223,41217],{"class":96},[1398,41225,41227],{"id":41226},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41229,41230],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[36,41232,41234],{"className":38,"code":41233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41235,41236,41246,41261,41265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41237,41238,41241,41243],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41239,41240],{"class":51},"count ",[45,41242,56],{"class":55},[45,41244,41245],{"class":96}," 7\n",[45,41247,41248,41250,41252,41254,41256,41259],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41249,716],{"class":51},[45,41251,56],{"class":55},[45,41253,40253],{"class":171},[45,41255,156],{"class":59},[45,41257,41258],{"class":135},"count",[45,41260,161],{"class":59},[45,41262,41263],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41264,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41266,41267,41269,41271,41273],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41268,153],{"class":152},[45,41270,156],{"class":59},[45,41272,740],{"class":135},[45,41274,161],{"class":59},[20,41276,182],{},[36,41278,41280],{"className":38,"code":41279,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7.0\n",[15,41281,41282],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41283,41284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41285,41279],{"class":96},[1398,41287,41289],{"id":41288},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41291,41292,41293,41295],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41294,3115],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[36,41297,41299],{"className":38,"code":41298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41300,41301,41315,41331,41335],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41302,41303,41306,41308,41310,41313],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41304,41305],{"class":51},"temperature_text ",[45,41307,56],{"class":55},[45,41309,76],{"class":63},[45,41311,41312],{"class":67},"21.8",[45,41314,468],{"class":63},[45,41316,41317,41320,41322,41324,41326,41329],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41318,41319],{"class":51},"temperature ",[45,41321,56],{"class":55},[45,41323,40253],{"class":171},[45,41325,156],{"class":59},[45,41327,41328],{"class":135},"temperature_text",[45,41330,161],{"class":59},[45,41332,41333],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41334,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41336,41337,41339,41341,41344],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41338,153],{"class":152},[45,41340,156],{"class":59},[45,41342,41343],{"class":135},"temperature",[45,41345,161],{"class":59},[31,41347,41349],{"id":41348},"special-values","Special values",[20,41351,41352,41354],{},[15,41353,3115],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1398,41356,41358],{"id":41357},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[36,41360,41362],{"className":38,"code":41361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41363,41364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41365,41366,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41379,41381],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41367,153],{"class":152},[45,41369,156],{"class":59},[45,41371,2422],{"class":171},[45,41373,156],{"class":59},[45,41375,64],{"class":63},[45,41377,41378],{"class":67},"inf",[45,41380,64],{"class":63},[45,41382,179],{"class":59},[20,41384,182],{},[36,41386,41388],{"className":38,"code":41387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"inf\n",[15,41389,41390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41391,41392],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41393,41387],{"class":51},[1398,41395,41397],{"id":41396},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[36,41399,41401],{"className":38,"code":41400,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41402,41403],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41404,41405,41407,41409,41411,41413,41415,41418,41420],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41406,153],{"class":152},[45,41408,156],{"class":59},[45,41410,2422],{"class":171},[45,41412,156],{"class":59},[45,41414,64],{"class":63},[45,41416,41417],{"class":67},"-inf",[45,41419,64],{"class":63},[45,41421,179],{"class":59},[20,41423,182],{},[36,41425,41427],{"className":38,"code":41426,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"-inf\n",[15,41428,41429],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41430,41431,41433],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41432,2254],{"class":55},[45,41434,41387],{"class":51},[1398,41436,41438],{"id":41437},"not-a-number","Not a number",[36,41440,41442],{"className":38,"code":41441,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41443,41444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41445,41446,41448,41450,41452,41454,41456,41459,41461],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41447,153],{"class":152},[45,41449,156],{"class":59},[45,41451,2422],{"class":171},[45,41453,156],{"class":59},[45,41455,64],{"class":63},[45,41457,41458],{"class":67},"nan",[45,41460,64],{"class":63},[45,41462,179],{"class":59},[20,41464,182],{},[36,41466,41468],{"className":38,"code":41467,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nan\n",[15,41469,41470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41471,41472],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41473,41467],{"class":51},[20,41475,41476],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[258,41478,41479,41484,41489],{},[261,41480,41481,41483],{},[15,41482,41378],{}," means positive infinity",[261,41485,41486,41488],{},[15,41487,41417],{}," means negative infinity",[261,41490,41491,41493],{},[15,41492,41458],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41495,41496,41497,41499],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41498,3115],{}," accepts them.",[31,41501,41503],{"id":41502},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41505,41506,41507,41509],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41508,3115],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1398,41511,40702],{"id":41512},"valueerror",[20,41514,15382,41515,41517],{},[15,41516,40702],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41519,41520],{},"Common causes:",[258,41522,41523,41529,41532,41535],{},[261,41524,41525,41526],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41527,41528],{},"\"abc\"",[261,41530,41531],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[261,41533,41534],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[261,41536,4928,41537],{},[277,41538,41539,41541],{"href":8438},[15,41540,3189],{}," returns a string",[20,41543,361],{},[36,41545,41547],{"className":38,"code":41546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41548,41549,41562],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41550,41551,41553,41555,41557,41560],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41552,2677],{"class":51},[45,41554,56],{"class":55},[45,41556,76],{"class":63},[45,41558,41559],{"class":67},"abc",[45,41561,468],{"class":63},[45,41563,41564,41566,41568,41570,41572,41574],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41565,153],{"class":152},[45,41567,156],{"class":59},[45,41569,2422],{"class":171},[45,41571,156],{"class":59},[45,41573,947],{"class":135},[45,41575,179],{"class":59},[1398,41577,3235],{"id":41578},"typeerror",[20,41580,15382,41581,41583],{},[15,41582,3235],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41585,41520],{},[258,41587,41588,41591,41594],{},[261,41589,41590],{},"Passing a list",[261,41592,41593],{},"Passing a dictionary",[261,41595,41596],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41598,361],{},[36,41600,41602],{"className":38,"code":41601,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41603,41604,41629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41605,41606,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620,41622,41625,41627],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41607,2677],{"class":51},[45,41609,56],{"class":55},[45,41611,60],{"class":59},[45,41613,64],{"class":63},[45,41615,25311],{"class":67},[45,41617,64],{"class":63},[45,41619,73],{"class":59},[45,41621,76],{"class":63},[45,41623,41624],{"class":67},"9.99",[45,41626,64],{"class":63},[45,41628,118],{"class":59},[45,41630,41631,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41632,153],{"class":152},[45,41634,156],{"class":59},[45,41636,2422],{"class":171},[45,41638,156],{"class":59},[45,41640,947],{"class":135},[45,41642,179],{"class":59},[1398,41644,41646],{"id":41645},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41648,41649,41650,41653],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41651,41652],{},"strip()"," can help:",[36,41655,41657],{"className":38,"code":41656,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41658,41659,41672,41687,41691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41660,41661,41663,41665,41667,41670],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41662,2677],{"class":51},[45,41664,56],{"class":55},[45,41666,76],{"class":63},[45,41668,41669],{"class":67},"  7.25  ",[45,41671,468],{"class":63},[45,41673,41674,41677,41679,41681,41683,41685],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41675,41676],{"class":51},"clean_value ",[45,41678,56],{"class":55},[45,41680,8650],{"class":51},[45,41682,132],{"class":59},[45,41684,8852],{"class":135},[45,41686,139],{"class":59},[45,41688,41689],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41690,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41692,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701,41704],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41694,153],{"class":152},[45,41696,156],{"class":59},[45,41698,2422],{"class":171},[45,41700,156],{"class":59},[45,41702,41703],{"class":135},"clean_value",[45,41705,179],{"class":59},[20,41707,182],{},[36,41709,41711],{"className":38,"code":41710,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7.25\n",[15,41712,41713],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41714,41715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41716,41710],{"class":96},[1398,41718,41720],{"id":41719},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41722,41723],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[36,41725,41727],{"className":38,"code":41726,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41728,41729,41742,41746,41756,41770,41785,41789,41803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41730,41731,41733,41735,41737,41740],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41732,2677],{"class":51},[45,41734,56],{"class":55},[45,41736,76],{"class":63},[45,41738,41739],{"class":67}," 3.5 ",[45,41741,468],{"class":63},[45,41743,41744],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41745,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41747,41748,41750,41752,41754],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41749,153],{"class":152},[45,41751,156],{"class":59},[45,41753,947],{"class":135},[45,41755,161],{"class":59},[45,41757,41758,41760,41762,41764,41766,41768],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41759,153],{"class":152},[45,41761,156],{"class":59},[45,41763,1478],{"class":171},[45,41765,156],{"class":59},[45,41767,947],{"class":135},[45,41769,179],{"class":59},[45,41771,41772,41774,41776,41779,41781,41783],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,41773,153],{"class":152},[45,41775,156],{"class":59},[45,41777,41778],{"class":152},"repr",[45,41780,156],{"class":59},[45,41782,947],{"class":135},[45,41784,179],{"class":59},[45,41786,41787],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,41788,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41790,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799,41801],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,41792,41676],{"class":51},[45,41794,56],{"class":55},[45,41796,8650],{"class":51},[45,41798,132],{"class":59},[45,41800,8852],{"class":135},[45,41802,139],{"class":59},[45,41804,41805,41807,41809,41811,41813,41815],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,41806,153],{"class":152},[45,41808,156],{"class":59},[45,41810,2422],{"class":171},[45,41812,156],{"class":59},[45,41814,41703],{"class":135},[45,41816,179],{"class":59},[20,41818,41819],{},"Why this helps:",[258,41821,41822,41828,41833,41839],{},[261,41823,41824,41827],{},[15,41825,41826],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[261,41829,41830,21546],{},[15,41831,41832],{},"print(type(value))",[261,41834,41835,41838],{},[15,41836,41837],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[261,41840,41841,41843],{},[15,41842,41652],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1398,41845,41847],{"id":41846},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41849,41850],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[36,41852,41854],{"className":38,"code":41853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41855,41856,41875,41879,41885,41900,41919,41928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41857,41858,41860,41862,41864,41866,41868,41871,41873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41859,2677],{"class":51},[45,41861,56],{"class":55},[45,41863,8461],{"class":152},[45,41865,156],{"class":59},[45,41867,64],{"class":63},[45,41869,41870],{"class":67},"Enter a number: ",[45,41872,64],{"class":63},[45,41874,161],{"class":59},[45,41876,41877],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,41878,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,41880,41881,41883],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,41882,29959],{"class":921},[45,41884,6614],{"class":59},[45,41886,41887,41890,41892,41894,41896,41898],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,41888,41889],{"class":51},"    number ",[45,41891,56],{"class":55},[45,41893,40253],{"class":171},[45,41895,156],{"class":59},[45,41897,947],{"class":135},[45,41899,161],{"class":59},[45,41901,41902,41904,41906,41908,41911,41913,41915,41917],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,41903,942],{"class":152},[45,41905,156],{"class":59},[45,41907,64],{"class":63},[45,41909,41910],{"class":67},"Converted:",[45,41912,64],{"class":63},[45,41914,84],{"class":59},[45,41916,2427],{"class":135},[45,41918,161],{"class":59},[45,41920,41921,41923,41926],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,41922,29990],{"class":921},[45,41924,41925],{"class":171}," ValueError",[45,41927,6614],{"class":59},[45,41929,41930,41932,41934,41936,41939,41941],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,41931,942],{"class":152},[45,41933,156],{"class":59},[45,41935,64],{"class":63},[45,41937,41938],{"class":67},"That is not a valid number.",[45,41940,64],{"class":63},[45,41942,161],{"class":59},[20,41944,41945,41946,132],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[277,41947,40894],{"href":40893},[31,41949,41951],{"id":41950},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41953,10800,41954,329,41956,41958],{},[15,41955,3115],{},[15,41957,3109],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41960,41961,41963],{},[15,41962,3115],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[36,41965,41967],{"className":38,"code":41966,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41968,41969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41970,41971,41973,41975,41977,41979,41981,41984,41986],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41972,153],{"class":152},[45,41974,156],{"class":59},[45,41976,2422],{"class":171},[45,41978,156],{"class":59},[45,41980,64],{"class":63},[45,41982,41983],{"class":67},"3.9",[45,41985,64],{"class":63},[45,41987,179],{"class":59},[20,41989,182],{},[36,41991,41993],{"className":38,"code":41992,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.9\n",[15,41994,41995],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,41996,41997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,41998,41992],{"class":96},[20,42000,42001,42003],{},[15,42002,3109],{}," creates whole numbers:",[36,42005,42007],{"className":38,"code":42006,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42008,42009],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42010,42011,42013,42015,42017,42019,42021,42023,42025],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42012,153],{"class":152},[45,42014,156],{"class":59},[45,42016,2418],{"class":171},[45,42018,156],{"class":59},[45,42020,64],{"class":63},[45,42022,2560],{"class":67},[45,42024,64],{"class":63},[45,42026,179],{"class":59},[20,42028,182],{},[36,42030,42031],{"className":38,"code":2606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,42032,42033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42034,42035],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42036,2606],{"class":96},[20,42038,42039,42040,42043],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42041,42042],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[36,42045,42047],{"className":38,"code":42046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42048,42049],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42050,42051,42053,42055,42057,42059,42061,42063,42065],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42052,153],{"class":152},[45,42054,156],{"class":59},[45,42056,2418],{"class":171},[45,42058,156],{"class":59},[45,42060,64],{"class":63},[45,42062,41983],{"class":67},[45,42064,64],{"class":63},[45,42066,179],{"class":59},[20,42068,3232,42069,8819,42071,42074],{},[15,42070,40702],{},[15,42072,42073],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42076,10922],{},[258,42078,42079,42085],{},[261,42080,42081,42084],{},[15,42082,42083],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[261,42086,42087,42089],{},[15,42088,42042],{}," fails",[20,42091,42092,42093,42096,42097,42099],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[277,42094,42095],{"href":3106},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[277,42098,2650],{"href":2649}," helpful.",[31,42101,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,42103,42105],{"id":42104},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42107,42108,42109,995,42111,132],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42110,2721],{},[15,42112,40141],{},[1398,42114,42116],{"id":42115},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42118,42119,42120,995,42123,132],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42121,42122],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42124,42125],{},"\"10\"",[1398,42127,42129],{"id":42128},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42131,29217,42132,42134,42135,132],{},[15,42133,41528],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42136,40702],{},[1398,42138,42140],{"id":42139},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42142,1610,42143,132],{},[15,42144,3996],{},[1398,42146,42148],{"id":42147},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42150,42151,42152,42154,42155,329,42158,42154,42160,132],{},"Yes. ",[15,42153,3831],{}," becomes ",[15,42156,42157],{},"1.0",[15,42159,3902],{},[15,42161,3996],{},[31,42163,2114],{"id":2113},[258,42165,42166,42170,42176,42181,42185,42189],{},[261,42167,42168],{},[277,42169,42095],{"href":3106},[261,42171,42172],{},[277,42173,42175],{"href":42174},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[261,42177,42178],{},[277,42179,42180],{"href":40889},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[261,42182,42183],{},[277,42184,9276],{"href":9198},[261,42186,42187],{},[277,42188,40894],{"href":40893},[261,42190,42191],{},[277,42192,42193],{"href":8438},"Python input() Function Explained",[2154,42195,42196],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":42198},[42199,42200,42201,42202,42209,42214,42215,42222,42227,42234,42235,42242],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":40188,"depth":121,"text":40189},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":40413,"depth":121,"text":40414,"children":42203},[42204,42205,42206,42207,42208],{"id":40422,"depth":142,"text":40423},{"id":40486,"depth":142,"text":40487},{"id":40550,"depth":142,"text":40551},{"id":40592,"depth":142,"text":40593},{"id":40647,"depth":142,"text":40648},{"id":40686,"depth":121,"text":40687,"children":42210},[42211,42212,42213],{"id":40695,"depth":142,"text":40696},{"id":40781,"depth":142,"text":40782},{"id":40851,"depth":142,"text":40852},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":41043,"depth":121,"text":41044,"children":42216},[42217,42219,42220,42221],{"id":41047,"depth":142,"text":42218},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41140,"depth":142,"text":41141},{"id":41226,"depth":142,"text":41227},{"id":41288,"depth":142,"text":41289},{"id":41348,"depth":121,"text":41349,"children":42223},[42224,42225,42226],{"id":41357,"depth":142,"text":41358},{"id":41396,"depth":142,"text":41397},{"id":41437,"depth":142,"text":41438},{"id":41502,"depth":121,"text":41503,"children":42228},[42229,42230,42231,42232,42233],{"id":41512,"depth":142,"text":40702},{"id":41578,"depth":142,"text":3235},{"id":41645,"depth":142,"text":41646},{"id":41719,"depth":142,"text":41720},{"id":41846,"depth":142,"text":41847},{"id":41950,"depth":121,"text":41951},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":42236},[42237,42238,42239,42240,42241],{"id":42104,"depth":142,"text":42105},{"id":42115,"depth":142,"text":42116},{"id":42128,"depth":142,"text":42129},{"id":42139,"depth":142,"text":42140},{"id":42147,"depth":142,"text":42148},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40089,"description":42243},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42250,"title":42251,"body":42252,"description":43473,"extension":2195,"meta":43474,"navigation":145,"path":35017,"seo":43475,"stem":43476,"__hash__":43477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42253,"toc":43439},[42254,42257,42262,42265,42267,42306,42320,42324,42329,42332,42349,42352,42362,42377,42380,42382,42385,42401,42404,42407,42427,42431,42442,42445,42449,42453,42467,42502,42506,42517,42552,42555,42557,42565,42598,42614,42616,42626,42647,42658,42660,42665,42668,42682,42684,42703,42706,42719,42722,42726,42730,42744,42747,42765,42768,42783,42787,42792,42806,42812,42814,42871,42873,42906,42909,42925,42929,42936,42940,42945,42948,42959,42963,42968,42983,42992,42997,43016,43019,43031,43033,43038,43048,43051,43080,43085,43094,43098,43103,43106,43110,43115,43117,43147,43150,43157,43162,43167,43171,43174,43182,43185,43263,43266,43288,43290,43294,43297,43301,43307,43370,43374,43382,43386,43389,43391,43416,43436],[10,42255,42251],{"id":42256},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42258,3809,42259,42261],{},[15,42260,35020],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42263,42264],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[31,42266,34],{"id":33},[36,42268,42270],{"className":38,"code":42269,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42271,42272,42282,42292],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42273,42274,42276,42278,42280],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42275,32306],{"class":152},[45,42277,156],{"class":59},[45,42279,11369],{"class":152},[45,42281,161],{"class":59},[45,42283,42284,42286,42288,42290],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42285,32306],{"class":152},[45,42287,156],{"class":59},[45,42289,3669],{"class":171},[45,42291,161],{"class":59},[45,42293,42294,42296,42298,42300,42302,42304],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,42295,32306],{"class":152},[45,42297,156],{"class":59},[45,42299,198],{"class":63},[45,42301,34651],{"class":67},[45,42303,198],{"class":63},[45,42305,161],{"class":59},[20,42307,1006,42308,42310,42311,995,42313,42315,42316,42319],{},[15,42309,35020],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42312,11369],{},[15,42314,3669],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42317,42318],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[31,42321,42323],{"id":42322},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42325,42326,42328],{},[15,42327,35020],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42330,42331],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[258,42333,42334,42337,42340,42343,42346],{},[261,42335,42336],{},"Functions",[261,42338,42339],{},"Classes",[261,42341,42342],{},"Methods",[261,42344,42345],{},"Modules",[261,42347,42348],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42350,42351],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42353,42354,42355,42361],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[277,42356,42358],{"href":42357},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42359,42360],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[36,42363,42365],{"className":38,"code":42364,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\n",[15,42366,42367],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42368,42369,42371,42373,42375],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42370,32306],{"class":152},[45,42372,156],{"class":59},[45,42374,11369],{"class":152},[45,42376,161],{"class":59},[20,42378,42379],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[31,42381,284],{"id":283},[20,42383,42384],{},"The main form is:",[36,42386,42388],{"className":38,"code":42387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(object)\n",[15,42389,42390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42391,42392,42394,42396,42399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42393,32306],{"class":152},[45,42395,156],{"class":59},[45,42397,42398],{"class":171},"object",[45,42400,161],{"class":59},[20,42402,42403],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42405,42406],{},"Common examples include:",[258,42408,42409,42413,42418,42422],{},[261,42410,42411],{},[15,42412,11369],{},[261,42414,42415],{},[15,42416,42417],{},"list.append",[261,42419,42420],{},[15,42421,3669],{},[261,42423,42424],{},[15,42425,42426],{},"open",[20,42428,7397,42429,7400],{},[15,42430,35020],{},[36,42432,42434],{"className":38,"code":42433,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help()\n",[15,42435,42436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42437,42438,42440],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42439,32306],{"class":152},[45,42441,139],{"class":59},[20,42443,42444],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[31,42446,42448],{"id":42447},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1398,42450,42452],{"id":42451},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42454,42455,42456,2419,42458,2419,42460,17257,42463,132],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42457,11369],{},[15,42459,153],{},[15,42461,42462],{},"input",[277,42464,42465],{"href":2528},[15,42466,2531],{},[36,42468,42470],{"className":38,"code":42469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42471,42472,42482,42492],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42473,42474,42476,42478,42480],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42475,32306],{"class":152},[45,42477,156],{"class":59},[45,42479,153],{"class":152},[45,42481,161],{"class":59},[45,42483,42484,42486,42488,42490],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42485,32306],{"class":152},[45,42487,156],{"class":59},[45,42489,42462],{"class":152},[45,42491,161],{"class":59},[45,42493,42494,42496,42498,42500],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,42495,32306],{"class":152},[45,42497,156],{"class":59},[45,42499,1478],{"class":171},[45,42501,161],{"class":59},[1398,42503,42505],{"id":42504},"data-types","Data types",[20,42507,42508,42509,2419,42511,2419,42513,17257,42515,132],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42510,3669],{},[15,42512,172],{},[15,42514,9039],{},[15,42516,6508],{},[36,42518,42520],{"className":38,"code":42519,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42521,42522,42532,42542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42523,42524,42526,42528,42530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42525,32306],{"class":152},[45,42527,156],{"class":59},[45,42529,3669],{"class":171},[45,42531,161],{"class":59},[45,42533,42534,42536,42538,42540],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42535,32306],{"class":152},[45,42537,156],{"class":59},[45,42539,172],{"class":171},[45,42541,161],{"class":59},[45,42543,42544,42546,42548,42550],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,42545,32306],{"class":152},[45,42547,156],{"class":59},[45,42549,9039],{"class":171},[45,42551,161],{"class":59},[20,42553,42554],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1398,42556,42342],{"id":34498},[20,42558,42559,42560,329,42563,132],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42561,42562],{},"str.split",[15,42564,42417],{},[36,42566,42568],{"className":38,"code":42567,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42569,42570,42584],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42571,42572,42574,42576,42578,42580,42582],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42573,32306],{"class":152},[45,42575,156],{"class":59},[45,42577,3669],{"class":171},[45,42579,132],{"class":59},[45,42581,34461],{"class":1863},[45,42583,161],{"class":59},[45,42585,42586,42588,42590,42592,42594,42596],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42587,32306],{"class":152},[45,42589,156],{"class":59},[45,42591,172],{"class":171},[45,42593,132],{"class":59},[45,42595,13746],{"class":1863},[45,42597,161],{"class":59},[20,42599,42600,42601,8922,42603,28470,42608,42610,42611,42613],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42602,35020],{},[277,42604,42606],{"href":42605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42607,34303],{},[15,42609,34303],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42612,35020],{}," explains one of them.",[1398,42615,42345],{"id":34651},[20,42617,42618,42619,2419,42621,17257,42623,132],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42620,875],{},[15,42622,35183],{},[15,42624,42625],{},"os",[36,42627,42629],{"className":38,"code":42628,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42630,42631,42637],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42632,42633,42635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42634,35084],{"class":921},[45,42636,35087],{"class":51},[45,42638,42639,42641,42643,42645],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42640,32306],{"class":152},[45,42642,156],{"class":59},[45,42644,875],{"class":135},[45,42646,161],{"class":59},[20,42648,42649,42650,42654,42655,132],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[277,42651,42653],{"href":42652},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[277,42656,35150],{"href":42657},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[31,42659,34911],{"id":34910},[20,42661,42662,42664],{},[15,42663,35020],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42666,42667],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[258,42669,42670,42673,42676,42679],{},[261,42671,42672],{},"The function signature",[261,42674,42675],{},"The short description",[261,42677,42678],{},"Parameter names",[261,42680,42681],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42683,5693],{},[36,42685,42687],{"className":38,"code":42686,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42688,42689],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42690,42691,42693,42695,42697,42699,42701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42692,32306],{"class":152},[45,42694,156],{"class":59},[45,42696,3669],{"class":171},[45,42698,132],{"class":59},[45,42700,34461],{"class":1863},[45,42702,161],{"class":59},[20,42704,42705],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[258,42707,42708,42711,42714,42716],{},[261,42709,42710],{},"What object this is",[261,42712,42713],{},"What arguments it accepts",[261,42715,22146],{},[261,42717,42718],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42720,42721],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[31,42723,42725],{"id":42724},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42727,42728,30029],{},[15,42729,35020],{},[258,42731,42732,42735,42738,42741],{},[261,42733,42734],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[261,42736,42737],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[261,42739,42740],{},"You are exploring a new module",[261,42742,42743],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42745,42746],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[36,42748,42749],{"className":38,"code":42686,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,42750,42751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42752,42753,42755,42757,42759,42761,42763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42754,32306],{"class":152},[45,42756,156],{"class":59},[45,42758,3669],{"class":171},[45,42760,132],{"class":59},[45,42762,34461],{"class":1863},[45,42764,161],{"class":59},[20,42766,42767],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[36,42769,42771],{"className":38,"code":42770,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(open)\n",[15,42772,42773],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42774,42775,42777,42779,42781],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42776,32306],{"class":152},[45,42778,156],{"class":59},[45,42780,42426],{"class":152},[45,42782,161],{"class":59},[31,42784,42786],{"id":42785},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42788,42789,42791],{},[15,42790,35020],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[258,42793,42794,42797,42800,42803],{},[261,42795,42796],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[261,42798,42799],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[261,42801,42802],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[261,42804,42805],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42807,42808,42809,42811],{},"So, ",[15,42810,35020],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42813,5693],{},[36,42815,42817],{"className":38,"code":42816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42818,42819,42832,42856,42860],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42820,42821,42823,42825,42827,42830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42822,34680],{"class":51},[45,42824,56],{"class":55},[45,42826,76],{"class":63},[45,42828,42829],{"class":67},"a,b,c",[45,42831,468],{"class":63},[45,42833,42834,42837,42839,42842,42844,42846,42848,42850,42852,42854],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,42835,42836],{"class":51},"parts ",[45,42838,56],{"class":55},[45,42840,42841],{"class":51}," text",[45,42843,132],{"class":59},[45,42845,34461],{"class":135},[45,42847,156],{"class":59},[45,42849,64],{"class":63},[45,42851,84],{"class":67},[45,42853,64],{"class":63},[45,42855,161],{"class":59},[45,42857,42858],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,42859,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,42861,42862,42864,42866,42869],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,42863,153],{"class":152},[45,42865,156],{"class":59},[45,42867,42868],{"class":135},"parts",[45,42870,161],{"class":59},[20,42872,5780],{},[36,42874,42876],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42877,42878],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42879,42880,42882,42884,42886,42888,42890,42892,42894,42896,42898,42900,42902,42904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42881,223],{"class":59},[45,42883,198],{"class":63},[45,42885,277],{"class":67},[45,42887,198],{"class":63},[45,42889,84],{"class":59},[45,42891,211],{"class":63},[45,42893,1930],{"class":67},[45,42895,198],{"class":63},[45,42897,84],{"class":59},[45,42899,211],{"class":63},[45,42901,9951],{"class":67},[45,42903,198],{"class":63},[45,42905,244],{"class":59},[20,42907,42908],{},"A good workflow is:",[28870,42910,42911,42916,42919,42922],{},[261,42912,1006,42913,42915],{},[15,42914,35020],{}," to inspect something",[261,42917,42918],{},"Write a tiny example",[261,42920,42921],{},"Check the result",[261,42923,42924],{},"Repeat",[31,42926,42928],{"id":42927},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42930,42931,329,42933,42935],{},[15,42932,35020],{},[15,42934,34303],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1398,42937,42938],{"id":32306},[15,42939,35020],{},[20,42941,1006,42942,42944],{},[15,42943,35020],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42946,42947],{},"It tells you:",[258,42949,42950,42953,42956],{},[261,42951,42952],{},"What something is",[261,42954,42955],{},"How to use it",[261,42957,42958],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1398,42960,42961],{"id":34364},[15,42962,34303],{},[20,42964,1006,42965,42967],{},[15,42966,34303],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[36,42969,42971],{"className":38,"code":42970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dir(str)\n",[15,42972,42973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,42974,42975,42977,42979,42981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,42976,34364],{"class":152},[45,42978,156],{"class":59},[45,42980,3669],{"class":171},[45,42982,161],{"class":59},[20,42984,42985,42986,2419,42988,17257,42990,132],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42987,34461],{},[15,42989,8852],{},[15,42991,8858],{},[20,42993,42994,42995,73],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42996,35020],{},[36,42998,43000],{"className":38,"code":42999,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43001,43002],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43003,43004,43006,43008,43010,43012,43014],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43005,32306],{"class":152},[45,43007,156],{"class":59},[45,43009,3669],{"class":171},[45,43011,132],{"class":59},[45,43013,8858],{"class":1863},[45,43015,161],{"class":59},[20,43017,43018],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[258,43020,43021,43026],{},[261,43022,1006,43023,43025],{},[15,43024,34303],{}," to discover options",[261,43027,1006,43028,43030],{},[15,43029,35020],{}," to understand one option",[31,43032,3061],{"id":3060},[20,43034,43035,43036,132],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43037,35020],{},[1398,43039,1797,43041,43044,43045],{"id":43040},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43042,43043],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43046,43047],{},"help(len)",[20,43049,43050],{},"These are not always the same.",[36,43052,43054],{"className":38,"code":43053,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43055,43056,43066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43057,43058,43060,43062,43064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43059,32306],{"class":152},[45,43061,156],{"class":59},[45,43063,11369],{"class":152},[45,43065,161],{"class":59},[45,43067,43068,43070,43072,43074,43076,43078],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43069,32306],{"class":152},[45,43071,156],{"class":59},[45,43073,198],{"class":63},[45,43075,11369],{"class":67},[45,43077,198],{"class":63},[45,43079,161],{"class":59},[20,43081,43082,43084],{},[15,43083,43047],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43086,43087,43089,43090,43093],{},[15,43088,43043],{}," treats ",[15,43091,43092],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1398,43095,43097],{"id":43096},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43099,43100,43102],{},[15,43101,35020],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43104,43105],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1398,43107,43109],{"id":43108},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43111,40341,43112,43114],{},[15,43113,35020],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43116,361],{},[36,43118,43120],{"className":38,"code":43119,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43121,43122,43132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43123,43124,43126,43128,43130],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43125,32306],{"class":152},[45,43127,156],{"class":59},[45,43129,11369],{"class":152},[45,43131,161],{"class":59},[45,43133,43134,43136,43138,43140,43143,43145],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43135,153],{"class":152},[45,43137,156],{"class":59},[45,43139,64],{"class":63},[45,43141,43142],{"class":67},"Done",[45,43144,64],{"class":63},[45,43146,161],{"class":59},[20,43148,43149],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1398,43151,37200,43153,8922,43155],{"id":43152},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43154,35020],{},[15,43156,34303],{},[20,43158,43159,43160,132],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43161,34303],{},[20,43163,43164,43165,132],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43166,35020],{},[31,43168,43170],{"id":43169},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43172,43173],{},"Open Python:",[36,43175,43176],{"className":38,"code":35536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,43177,43178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43179,43180],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43181,35536],{"class":51},[20,43183,43184],{},"Then test these commands:",[36,43186,43188],{"className":38,"code":43187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43189,43190,43200,43214,43228,43238,43253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43191,43192,43194,43196,43198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43193,32306],{"class":152},[45,43195,156],{"class":59},[45,43197,11369],{"class":152},[45,43199,161],{"class":59},[45,43201,43202,43204,43206,43208,43210,43212],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43203,32306],{"class":152},[45,43205,156],{"class":59},[45,43207,3669],{"class":171},[45,43209,132],{"class":59},[45,43211,34461],{"class":1863},[45,43213,161],{"class":59},[45,43215,43216,43218,43220,43222,43224,43226],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,43217,32306],{"class":152},[45,43219,156],{"class":59},[45,43221,172],{"class":171},[45,43223,132],{"class":59},[45,43225,13746],{"class":1863},[45,43227,161],{"class":59},[45,43229,43230,43232,43234,43236],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,43231,32306],{"class":152},[45,43233,156],{"class":59},[45,43235,42426],{"class":152},[45,43237,161],{"class":59},[45,43239,43240,43242,43244,43246,43249,43251],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,43241,32306],{"class":152},[45,43243,156],{"class":59},[45,43245,198],{"class":63},[45,43247,43248],{"class":67},"keywords",[45,43250,198],{"class":63},[45,43252,161],{"class":59},[45,43254,43255,43257,43259,43261],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,43256,34364],{"class":152},[45,43258,156],{"class":59},[45,43260,3669],{"class":171},[45,43262,161],{"class":59},[20,43264,43265],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[258,43267,43268,43271,43274,43277,43280,43283],{},[261,43269,43270],{},"A built-in function",[261,43272,43273],{},"A string method",[261,43275,43276],{},"A list method",[261,43278,43279],{},"A built-in file function",[261,43281,43282],{},"A special help topic",[261,43284,15382,43285,43287],{},[15,43286,34303],{}," example for comparison",[31,43289,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,43291,43293],{"id":43292},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43295,43296],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1398,43298,43300],{"id":43299},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43302,43303,43304,43306],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43305,35020],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[36,43308,43310],{"className":38,"code":43309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43311,43312,43324,43337,43356,43360],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320,43322],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43315,34844],{"class":1597},[45,43317,34848],{"class":34847},[45,43319,156],{"class":59},[45,43321,68],{"class":37659},[45,43323,8559],{"class":59},[45,43325,43326,43330,43334],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43327,43329],{"class":43328},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[45,43331,43333],{"class":43332},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[45,43335,43336],{"class":43328},"\"\"\"\n",[45,43338,43339,43341,43344,43347,43349,43351,43353],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,43340,34855],{"class":921},[45,43342,43343],{"class":1597}," f",[45,43345,43346],{"class":67},"\"Hello, ",[45,43348,9495],{"class":96},[45,43350,68],{"class":51},[45,43352,22478],{"class":96},[45,43354,43355],{"class":67},"!\"\n",[45,43357,43358],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,43359,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,43361,43362,43364,43366,43368],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,43363,32306],{"class":152},[45,43365,156],{"class":59},[45,43367,34890],{"class":135},[45,43369,161],{"class":59},[1398,43371,43373],{"id":43372},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43375,43376,43378,43379,43381],{},[15,43377,43047],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43380,43043],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1398,43383,43385],{"id":43384},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43387,43388],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[31,43390,2114],{"id":2113},[258,43392,43393,43398,43402,43407,43412],{},[261,43394,43395],{},[277,43396,43397],{"href":42605},"Python dir() function explained",[261,43399,43400],{},[277,43401,8659],{"href":2528},[261,43403,43404],{},[277,43405,43406],{"href":42357},"Python len() function explained",[261,43408,43409],{},[277,43410,43411],{"href":42652},"How import works in Python",[261,43413,43414],{},[277,43415,35150],{"href":42657},[20,43417,43418,43419,43421,43422,2419,43424,17257,43426,43428,43429,995,43432,43435],{},"Try ",[15,43420,35020],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43423,11369],{},[15,43425,153],{},[15,43427,42462],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43430,43431],{},"dir(str)",[15,43433,43434],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2154,43437,43438],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":43440},[43441,43442,43443,43444,43450,43451,43452,43453,43457,43465,43466,43472],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":42322,"depth":121,"text":42323},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":42447,"depth":121,"text":42448,"children":43445},[43446,43447,43448,43449],{"id":42451,"depth":142,"text":42452},{"id":42504,"depth":142,"text":42505},{"id":34498,"depth":142,"text":42342},{"id":34651,"depth":142,"text":42345},{"id":34910,"depth":121,"text":34911},{"id":42724,"depth":121,"text":42725},{"id":42785,"depth":121,"text":42786},{"id":42927,"depth":121,"text":42928,"children":43454},[43455,43456],{"id":32306,"depth":142,"text":35020},{"id":34364,"depth":142,"text":34303},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":43458},[43459,43461,43462,43463],{"id":43040,"depth":142,"text":43460},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43096,"depth":142,"text":43097},{"id":43108,"depth":142,"text":43109},{"id":43152,"depth":142,"text":43464},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43169,"depth":121,"text":43170},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":43467},[43468,43469,43470,43471],{"id":43292,"depth":142,"text":43293},{"id":43299,"depth":142,"text":43300},{"id":43372,"depth":142,"text":43373},{"id":43384,"depth":142,"text":43385},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42251,"description":43473},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43479,"title":43480,"body":43481,"description":44843,"extension":2195,"meta":44844,"navigation":145,"path":44845,"seo":44846,"stem":44847,"__hash__":44848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43482,"toc":44816},[43483,43489,43494,43500,43510,43569,43579,43590,43595,43601,43603,43621,43629,43631,43633,43648,43651,43662,43664,43755,43758,43762,43767,43788,43790,43901,43903,43930,43941,43945,43948,44031,44033,44041,44047,44053,44057,44060,44170,44172,44185,44188,44202,44210,44217,44222,44236,44242,44355,44357,44418,44421,44427,44433,44436,44458,44461,44531,44534,44566,44573,44575,44578,44596,44599,44611,44617,44619,44624,44650,44653,44725,44727,44733,44736,44742,44745,44751,44761,44767,44770,44777,44780,44782,44813],[10,43484,3802,43486,3806],{"id":43485},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43487,43488],{},"id()",[20,43490,22,43491,43493],{},[15,43492,43488],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43495,43496,43497,43499],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43498,43488],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43501,1006,43502,43504,43505,43507,43508,132],{},[15,43503,43488],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[355,43506,4854],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43509,4912],{},[36,43511,43513],{"className":38,"code":43512,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43514,43515,43527,43541,43545,43555],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43516,43517,43519,43521,43523,43525],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43518,8097],{"class":51},[45,43520,56],{"class":55},[45,43522,76],{"class":63},[45,43524,7518],{"class":67},[45,43526,468],{"class":63},[45,43528,43529,43531,43533,43535,43537,43539],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43530,153],{"class":152},[45,43532,156],{"class":59},[45,43534,12851],{"class":152},[45,43536,156],{"class":59},[45,43538,68],{"class":135},[45,43540,179],{"class":59},[45,43542,43543],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,43544,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,43546,43547,43550,43552],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,43548,43549],{"class":51},"other ",[45,43551,56],{"class":55},[45,43553,43554],{"class":51}," name\n",[45,43556,43557,43559,43561,43563,43565,43567],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,43558,153],{"class":152},[45,43560,156],{"class":59},[45,43562,12851],{"class":152},[45,43564,156],{"class":59},[45,43566,30897],{"class":135},[45,43568,179],{"class":59},[20,43570,43571,43572,43575,43576,43578],{},"In this example, ",[15,43573,43574],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43577,43488],{}," values match.",[43580,43581,43582],"blockquote",{},[20,43583,1006,43584,43586,43587,43589],{},[15,43585,43488],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43588,4912],{}," for value comparison.",[31,43591,253,43593,256],{"id":43592},"what-id-does",[15,43594,43488],{},[20,43596,43597,43600],{},[15,43598,43599],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43602,303],{},[258,43604,43605,43608,43615,43618],{},[261,43606,43607],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[261,43609,43610,43611,43614],{},"It shows ",[355,43612,43613],{},"object identity",", not object value",[261,43616,43617],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[261,43619,43620],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43622,43623,43624,43628],{},"This is closely related to how ",[277,43625,43627],{"href":43626},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[31,43630,284],{"id":283},[20,43632,5655],{},[36,43634,43636],{"className":38,"code":43635,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"id(object)\n",[15,43637,43638],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43639,43640,43642,43644,43646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43641,12851],{"class":152},[45,43643,156],{"class":59},[45,43645,42398],{"class":171},[45,43647,161],{"class":59},[20,43649,43650],{},"Important details:",[258,43652,43653,43656,43659],{},[261,43654,43655],{},"It takes one argument",[261,43657,43658],{},"It returns an integer",[261,43660,43661],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43663,361],{},[36,43665,43667],{"className":38,"code":43666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43668,43669,43681,43689,43709,43713,43727,43741],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43670,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43672,34680],{"class":51},[45,43674,56],{"class":55},[45,43676,76],{"class":63},[45,43678,4073],{"class":67},[45,43680,468],{"class":63},[45,43682,43683,43685,43687],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43684,2447],{"class":51},[45,43686,56],{"class":55},[45,43688,2999],{"class":96},[45,43690,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,43692,8001],{"class":51},[45,43694,56],{"class":55},[45,43696,1427],{"class":59},[45,43698,1430],{"class":96},[45,43700,84],{"class":59},[45,43702,1035],{"class":96},[45,43704,84],{"class":59},[45,43706,1063],{"class":96},[45,43708,244],{"class":59},[45,43710,43711],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,43712,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,43714,43715,43717,43719,43721,43723,43725],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,43716,153],{"class":152},[45,43718,156],{"class":59},[45,43720,12851],{"class":152},[45,43722,156],{"class":59},[45,43724,34701],{"class":135},[45,43726,179],{"class":59},[45,43728,43729,43731,43733,43735,43737,43739],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,43730,153],{"class":152},[45,43732,156],{"class":59},[45,43734,12851],{"class":152},[45,43736,156],{"class":59},[45,43738,2469],{"class":135},[45,43740,179],{"class":59},[45,43742,43743,43745,43747,43749,43751,43753],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,43744,153],{"class":152},[45,43746,156],{"class":59},[45,43748,12851],{"class":152},[45,43750,156],{"class":59},[45,43752,1289],{"class":135},[45,43754,179],{"class":59},[20,43756,43757],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[31,43759,43761],{"id":43760},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43763,43764,43765,132],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43766,43488],{},[258,43768,43769,43776,43783],{},[261,43770,43771,43773,43774],{},[15,43772,4912],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[355,43775,947],{},[261,43777,43778,43780,43781],{},[15,43779,12395],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[355,43782,42398],{},[261,43784,43785,43787],{},[15,43786,43488],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43789,361],{},[36,43791,43793],{"className":38,"code":43792,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43794,43795,43815,43835,43839,43856,43873,43887],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43796,43797,43799,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43798,2784],{"class":51},[45,43800,56],{"class":55},[45,43802,1427],{"class":59},[45,43804,1430],{"class":96},[45,43806,84],{"class":59},[45,43808,1035],{"class":96},[45,43810,84],{"class":59},[45,43812,1063],{"class":96},[45,43814,244],{"class":59},[45,43816,43817,43819,43821,43823,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43818,2812],{"class":51},[45,43820,56],{"class":55},[45,43822,1427],{"class":59},[45,43824,1430],{"class":96},[45,43826,84],{"class":59},[45,43828,1035],{"class":96},[45,43830,84],{"class":59},[45,43832,1063],{"class":96},[45,43834,244],{"class":59},[45,43836,43837],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,43838,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,43840,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851,43853],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,43842,153],{"class":152},[45,43844,156],{"class":59},[45,43846,2784],{"class":135},[45,43848,4912],{"class":55},[45,43850,2789],{"class":135},[45,43852,3889],{"class":59},[45,43854,43855],{"class":1712},"   # True\n",[45,43857,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,43859,153],{"class":152},[45,43861,156],{"class":59},[45,43863,2784],{"class":135},[45,43865,12395],{"class":921},[45,43867,2789],{"class":135},[45,43869,3889],{"class":59},[45,43871,43872],{"class":1712},"   # False\n",[45,43874,43875,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,43876,153],{"class":152},[45,43878,156],{"class":59},[45,43880,12851],{"class":152},[45,43882,156],{"class":59},[45,43884,277],{"class":135},[45,43886,179],{"class":59},[45,43888,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897,43899],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,43890,153],{"class":152},[45,43892,156],{"class":59},[45,43894,12851],{"class":152},[45,43896,156],{"class":59},[45,43898,1930],{"class":135},[45,43900,179],{"class":59},[20,43902,2408],{},[258,43904,43905,43913,43921],{},[261,43906,43907,5007,43910,43912],{},[15,43908,43909],{},"a == b",[15,43911,3831],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[261,43914,43915,5007,43918,43920],{},[15,43916,43917],{},"a is b",[15,43919,3902],{}," because they are different list objects",[261,43922,43923,329,43926,43929],{},[15,43924,43925],{},"id(a)",[15,43927,43928],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43931,43932,43933,329,43937,132],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[277,43934,43936],{"href":43935},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[277,43938,43940],{"href":43939},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[31,43942,43944],{"id":43943},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43946,43947],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[36,43949,43951],{"className":38,"code":43950,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43952,43953,43973,43983,43987,44001,44016],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,43954,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,43956,3846],{"class":51},[45,43958,56],{"class":55},[45,43960,1427],{"class":59},[45,43962,2560],{"class":96},[45,43964,84],{"class":59},[45,43966,97],{"class":96},[45,43968,84],{"class":59},[45,43970,8016],{"class":96},[45,43972,244],{"class":59},[45,43974,43975,43978,43980],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,43976,43977],{"class":51},"other_numbers ",[45,43979,56],{"class":55},[45,43981,43982],{"class":51}," numbers\n",[45,43984,43985],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,43986,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,43988,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,43990,153],{"class":152},[45,43992,156],{"class":59},[45,43994,12851],{"class":152},[45,43996,156],{"class":59},[45,43998,3876],{"class":135},[45,44000,179],{"class":59},[45,44002,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44014],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,44004,153],{"class":152},[45,44006,156],{"class":59},[45,44008,12851],{"class":152},[45,44010,156],{"class":59},[45,44012,44013],{"class":135},"other_numbers",[45,44015,179],{"class":59},[45,44017,44018,44020,44022,44024,44026,44029],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,44019,153],{"class":152},[45,44021,156],{"class":59},[45,44023,3846],{"class":135},[45,44025,12395],{"class":921},[45,44027,44028],{"class":135}," other_numbers",[45,44030,161],{"class":59},[20,44032,5780],{},[36,44034,44035],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,44036,44037],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44038,44039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44040,4205],{"class":4080},[20,44042,44043,44044,44046],{},"The two ",[15,44045,43488],{}," values will also match.",[20,44048,22364,44049,44052],{},[15,44050,44051],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[31,44054,44056],{"id":44055},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44058,44059],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[36,44061,44063],{"className":38,"code":44062,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44064,44065,44086,44107,44111,44126,44140,44155],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44066,44067,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078,44080,44082,44084],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44068,44069],{"class":51},"list_a ",[45,44071,56],{"class":55},[45,44073,1427],{"class":59},[45,44075,1430],{"class":96},[45,44077,84],{"class":59},[45,44079,1035],{"class":96},[45,44081,84],{"class":59},[45,44083,1063],{"class":96},[45,44085,244],{"class":59},[45,44087,44088,44091,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44089,44090],{"class":51},"list_b ",[45,44092,56],{"class":55},[45,44094,1427],{"class":59},[45,44096,1430],{"class":96},[45,44098,84],{"class":59},[45,44100,1035],{"class":96},[45,44102,84],{"class":59},[45,44104,1063],{"class":96},[45,44106,244],{"class":59},[45,44108,44109],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,44110,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,44112,44113,44115,44117,44119,44121,44124],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,44114,153],{"class":152},[45,44116,156],{"class":59},[45,44118,44069],{"class":135},[45,44120,4912],{"class":55},[45,44122,44123],{"class":135}," list_b",[45,44125,161],{"class":59},[45,44127,44128,44130,44132,44134,44136,44138],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,44129,153],{"class":152},[45,44131,156],{"class":59},[45,44133,44069],{"class":135},[45,44135,12395],{"class":921},[45,44137,44123],{"class":135},[45,44139,161],{"class":59},[45,44141,44142,44144,44146,44148,44150,44153],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,44143,153],{"class":152},[45,44145,156],{"class":59},[45,44147,12851],{"class":152},[45,44149,156],{"class":59},[45,44151,44152],{"class":135},"list_a",[45,44154,179],{"class":59},[45,44156,44157,44159,44161,44163,44165,44168],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,44158,153],{"class":152},[45,44160,156],{"class":59},[45,44162,12851],{"class":152},[45,44164,156],{"class":59},[45,44166,44167],{"class":135},"list_b",[45,44169,179],{"class":59},[20,44171,5780],{},[36,44173,44175],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44176,44177,44181],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44178,44179],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44180,4205],{"class":4080},[45,44182,44183],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44184,4266],{"class":4080},[20,44186,44187],{},"What this means:",[258,44189,44190,44193,44196],{},[261,44191,44192],{},"The lists are equal in value",[261,44194,44195],{},"They are not the same object",[261,44197,44198,44199,44201],{},"Their ",[15,44200,43488],{}," values are usually different",[20,44203,44204,44205,44207,44208,132],{},"This is why ",[15,44206,43488],{}," should not replace ",[15,44209,4912],{},[31,44211,44213,44214,44216],{"id":44212},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44215,43488],{}," is useful",[20,44218,44219,44221],{},[15,44220,43488],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[258,44223,44224,44227,44230,44233],{},[261,44225,44226],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[261,44228,44229],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[261,44231,44232],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[261,44234,44235],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44237,44238,44239,44241],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44240,43488],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[36,44243,44245],{"className":38,"code":44244,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44246,44247,44271,44280,44284,44303,44307,44317,44327,44341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44248,44249,44251,44253,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44250,12287],{"class":51},[45,44252,56],{"class":55},[45,44254,1427],{"class":59},[45,44256,64],{"class":63},[45,44258,277],{"class":67},[45,44260,64],{"class":63},[45,44262,84],{"class":59},[45,44264,76],{"class":63},[45,44266,1930],{"class":67},[45,44268,64],{"class":63},[45,44270,244],{"class":59},[45,44272,44273,44276,44278],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44274,44275],{"class":51},"copy_ref ",[45,44277,56],{"class":55},[45,44279,12325],{"class":51},[45,44281,44282],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,44283,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,44285,44286,44289,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,44287,44288],{"class":51},"copy_ref",[45,44290,132],{"class":59},[45,44292,13746],{"class":135},[45,44294,156],{"class":59},[45,44296,64],{"class":63},[45,44298,9951],{"class":67},[45,44300,64],{"class":63},[45,44302,161],{"class":59},[45,44304,44305],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,44306,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,44308,44309,44311,44313,44315],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,44310,153],{"class":152},[45,44312,156],{"class":59},[45,44314,12334],{"class":135},[45,44316,161],{"class":59},[45,44318,44319,44321,44323,44325],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,44320,153],{"class":152},[45,44322,156],{"class":59},[45,44324,44288],{"class":135},[45,44326,161],{"class":59},[45,44328,44329,44331,44333,44335,44337,44339],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,44330,153],{"class":152},[45,44332,156],{"class":59},[45,44334,12851],{"class":152},[45,44336,156],{"class":59},[45,44338,12334],{"class":135},[45,44340,179],{"class":59},[45,44342,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351,44353],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,44344,153],{"class":152},[45,44346,156],{"class":59},[45,44348,12851],{"class":152},[45,44350,156],{"class":59},[45,44352,44288],{"class":135},[45,44354,179],{"class":59},[20,44356,5780],{},[36,44358,44360],{"className":38,"code":44359,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44361,44362,44390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44363,44364,44366,44368,44370,44372,44374,44376,44378,44380,44382,44384,44386,44388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44365,223],{"class":59},[45,44367,198],{"class":63},[45,44369,277],{"class":67},[45,44371,198],{"class":63},[45,44373,84],{"class":59},[45,44375,211],{"class":63},[45,44377,1930],{"class":67},[45,44379,198],{"class":63},[45,44381,84],{"class":59},[45,44383,211],{"class":63},[45,44385,9951],{"class":67},[45,44387,198],{"class":63},[45,44389,244],{"class":59},[45,44391,44392,44394,44396,44398,44400,44402,44404,44406,44408,44410,44412,44414,44416],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44393,223],{"class":59},[45,44395,198],{"class":63},[45,44397,277],{"class":67},[45,44399,198],{"class":63},[45,44401,84],{"class":59},[45,44403,211],{"class":63},[45,44405,1930],{"class":67},[45,44407,198],{"class":63},[45,44409,84],{"class":59},[45,44411,211],{"class":63},[45,44413,9951],{"class":67},[45,44415,198],{"class":63},[45,44417,244],{"class":59},[20,44419,44420],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[31,44422,44424,44425],{"id":44423},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44426,43488],{},[20,44428,44429,44430,44432],{},"Do not use ",[15,44431,43488],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44434,44435],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[258,44437,44438,44444,44450,44453],{},[261,44439,44440,44441,44443],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44442,4912],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[261,44445,44446,44447,44449],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44448,43488],{}," values across program runs",[261,44451,44452],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[261,44454,44455,44456],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44457,43488],{},[20,44459,44460],{},"Bad example:",[36,44462,44464],{"className":38,"code":44463,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44465,44466,44478,44490,44494,44516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44467,44468,44470,44472,44474,44476],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44469,2784],{"class":51},[45,44471,56],{"class":55},[45,44473,76],{"class":63},[45,44475,37043],{"class":67},[45,44477,468],{"class":63},[45,44479,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44481,2812],{"class":51},[45,44483,56],{"class":55},[45,44485,76],{"class":63},[45,44487,37043],{"class":67},[45,44489,468],{"class":63},[45,44491,44492],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,44493,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,44495,44496,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506,44508,44510,44512,44514],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,44497,7219],{"class":921},[45,44499,15009],{"class":152},[45,44501,156],{"class":59},[45,44503,277],{"class":135},[45,44505,3889],{"class":59},[45,44507,6629],{"class":55},[45,44509,15009],{"class":152},[45,44511,156],{"class":59},[45,44513,1930],{"class":135},[45,44515,8559],{"class":59},[45,44517,44518,44520,44522,44524,44527,44529],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,44519,942],{"class":152},[45,44521,156],{"class":59},[45,44523,64],{"class":63},[45,44525,44526],{"class":67},"The values are equal",[45,44528,64],{"class":63},[45,44530,161],{"class":59},[20,44532,44533],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[36,44535,44537],{"className":38,"code":44536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44538,44539,44552],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44540,44541,44543,44546,44548,44550],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44542,7219],{"class":921},[45,44544,44545],{"class":51}," a ",[45,44547,4912],{"class":55},[45,44549,2789],{"class":51},[45,44551,6614],{"class":59},[45,44553,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44555,942],{"class":152},[45,44557,156],{"class":59},[45,44559,64],{"class":63},[45,44561,44526],{"class":67},[45,44563,64],{"class":63},[45,44565,161],{"class":59},[20,44567,1006,44568,995,44570,44572],{},[15,44569,12395],{},[15,44571,43488],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[31,44574,20979],{"id":20978},[20,44576,44577],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[258,44579,44580,44583,44586,44591],{},[261,44581,44582],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[261,44584,44585],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[261,44587,44588,44589],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44590,43488],{},[261,44592,44593,44594],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44595,43488],{},[20,44597,44598],{},"The important rule is:",[258,44600,44601,44606],{},[261,44602,1006,44603,44605],{},[15,44604,4912],{}," to check value",[261,44607,1006,44608,44610],{},[15,44609,12395],{}," to check identity",[20,44612,44613,44614,44616],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44615,43488],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[31,44618,3061],{"id":3060},[20,44620,44621,44622,73],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44623,43488],{},[258,44625,44626,44634,44637,44640,44645],{},[261,44627,1797,44628,44630,44631,44633],{},[15,44629,43488],{}," when ",[15,44632,4912],{}," should be used",[261,44635,44636],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[261,44638,44639],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[261,44641,44642,44643],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44644,43488],{},[261,44646,1797,44647,44649],{},[15,44648,43488],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44651,44652],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[36,44654,44656],{"className":38,"code":44655,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44657,44658,44673,44687,44701,44715],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44668,44671],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44661,153],{"class":152},[45,44663,156],{"class":59},[45,44665,12851],{"class":152},[45,44667,156],{"class":59},[45,44669,44670],{"class":135},"my_object",[45,44672,179],{"class":59},[45,44674,44675,44677,44679,44681,44683,44685],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44676,153],{"class":152},[45,44678,156],{"class":59},[45,44680,2784],{"class":135},[45,44682,4912],{"class":55},[45,44684,2789],{"class":135},[45,44686,161],{"class":59},[45,44688,44689,44691,44693,44695,44697,44699],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,44690,153],{"class":152},[45,44692,156],{"class":59},[45,44694,2784],{"class":135},[45,44696,12395],{"class":921},[45,44698,2789],{"class":135},[45,44700,161],{"class":59},[45,44702,44703,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,44704,153],{"class":152},[45,44706,156],{"class":59},[45,44708,1478],{"class":171},[45,44710,156],{"class":59},[45,44712,44670],{"class":135},[45,44714,179],{"class":59},[45,44716,44717,44719,44721,44723],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,44718,32306],{"class":152},[45,44720,156],{"class":59},[45,44722,12851],{"class":152},[45,44724,161],{"class":59},[31,44726,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,44728,44730,44731,12917],{"id":44729},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44732,43488],{},[20,44734,44735],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1398,44737,15096,44739,44741],{"id":44738},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44740,43488],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44743,44744],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1398,44746,21599,44748,44750],{"id":44747},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44749,43488],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44752,30426,44753,44755,44756,995,44758,44760],{},[15,44754,4912],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44757,43488],{},[15,44759,12395],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1398,44762,44764,44765,2079],{"id":44763},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44766,43488],{},[20,44768,44769],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1398,44771,44773,44774,44776],{"id":44772},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44775,43488],{}," values?",[20,44778,44779],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[31,44781,2114],{"id":2113},[258,44783,44784,44789,44794,44799,44807],{},[261,44785,44786],{},[277,44787,44788],{"href":43626},"Python variables explained for beginners",[261,44790,44791],{},[277,44792,44793],{"href":43935},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[261,44795,44796],{},[277,44797,44798],{"href":43939},"Python data types overview",[261,44800,44801],{},[277,44802,3802,44804,3735],{"href":44803},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44805,44806],{},"isinstance()",[261,44808,44809],{},[277,44810,44812],{"href":44811},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2154,44814,44815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":44817},[44818,44820,44821,44822,44823,44824,44826,44828,44829,44830,44842],{"id":43592,"depth":121,"text":44819},"What id() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":43760,"depth":121,"text":43761},{"id":43943,"depth":121,"text":43944},{"id":44055,"depth":121,"text":44056},{"id":44212,"depth":121,"text":44825},"When id() is useful",{"id":44423,"depth":121,"text":44827},"When not to use id()",{"id":20978,"depth":121,"text":20979},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":44831},[44832,44834,44836,44838,44840],{"id":44729,"depth":142,"text":44833},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44738,"depth":142,"text":44835},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44747,"depth":142,"text":44837},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44763,"depth":142,"text":44839},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44772,"depth":142,"text":44841},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43480,"description":44843},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44850,"title":42193,"body":44851,"description":46491,"extension":2195,"meta":46492,"navigation":145,"path":46493,"seo":46494,"stem":46495,"__hash__":46496},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44852,"toc":46457},[44853,44858,44863,44866,44868,44911,44916,44919,44924,44929,44932,44948,44950,44994,44996,45023,45025,45040,45042,45044,45046,45062,45064,45076,45079,45113,45116,45141,45146,45148,45153,45157,45160,45162,45210,45212,45245,45251,45262,45264,45316,45318,45349,45351,45355,45359,45402,45408,45414,45466,45474,45479,45483,45574,45576,45609,45612,45614,45674,45676,45702,45712,45714,45718,45723,45728,45730,45767,45769,45788,45791,45795,45798,45854,45866,45875,45877,45904,45912,45919,45923,45926,45963,45966,45972,46009,46011,46015,46021,46039,46044,46092,46096,46185,46188,46195,46197,46199,46204,46222,46224,46267,46273,46290,46292,46354,46356,46358,46364,46372,46378,46384,46393,46403,46407,46415,46417,46419,46454],[10,44854,3802,44856,3806],{"id":44855},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44857,3189],{},[20,44859,2212,44860,44862],{},[15,44861,3189],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44864,44865],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[31,44867,34],{"id":33},[36,44869,44871],{"className":38,"code":44870,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44872,44873,44892],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44874,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44888,44890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44876,8097],{"class":51},[45,44878,56],{"class":55},[45,44880,8461],{"class":152},[45,44882,156],{"class":59},[45,44884,64],{"class":63},[45,44886,44887],{"class":67},"Enter your name: ",[45,44889,64],{"class":63},[45,44891,161],{"class":59},[45,44893,44894,44896,44898,44900,44903,44905,44907,44909],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44895,153],{"class":152},[45,44897,156],{"class":59},[45,44899,64],{"class":63},[45,44901,44902],{"class":67},"Hello, ",[45,44904,64],{"class":63},[45,44906,2684],{"class":55},[45,44908,35986],{"class":135},[45,44910,161],{"class":59},[20,44912,1006,44913,44915],{},[15,44914,3189],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44917,44918],"hr",{},[31,44920,253,44922,256],{"id":44921},"what-input-does",[15,44923,3189],{},[20,44925,44926,44928],{},[15,44927,3189],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44930,44931],{},"Here is what happens:",[258,44933,44934,44939,44942,44945],{},[261,44935,44936,44938],{},[15,44937,3189],{}," waits for the user to type",[261,44940,44941],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[261,44943,44944],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[261,44946,44947],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44949,361],{},[36,44951,44953],{"className":38,"code":44952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44954,44955,44975],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,44956,44957,44960,44962,44964,44966,44968,44971,44973],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,44958,44959],{"class":51},"color ",[45,44961,56],{"class":55},[45,44963,8461],{"class":152},[45,44965,156],{"class":59},[45,44967,64],{"class":63},[45,44969,44970],{"class":67},"What is your favorite color? ",[45,44972,64],{"class":63},[45,44974,161],{"class":59},[45,44976,44977,44979,44981,44983,44986,44988,44990,44992],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,44978,153],{"class":152},[45,44980,156],{"class":59},[45,44982,64],{"class":63},[45,44984,44985],{"class":67},"Your favorite color is",[45,44987,64],{"class":63},[45,44989,84],{"class":59},[45,44991,35845],{"class":135},[45,44993,161],{"class":59},[20,44995,30185],{},[36,44997,44999],{"className":38,"code":44998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45000,45001,45014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45002,45003,45005,45007,45010,45012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45004,253],{"class":51},[45,45006,12395],{"class":55},[45,45008,45009],{"class":51}," your favorite color",[45,45011,2079],{"class":37363},[45,45013,35875],{"class":51},[45,45015,45016,45019,45021],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45017,45018],{"class":51},"Your favorite color ",[45,45020,12395],{"class":55},[45,45022,35875],{"class":51},[20,45024,20135],{},[258,45026,45027,45032,45037],{},[261,45028,45029,45030],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45031,44970],{},[261,45033,45034,45035],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45036,694],{},[261,45038,45039],{},"That value is then printed",[44917,45041],{},[31,45043,284],{"id":283},[20,45045,7439],{},[36,45047,45049],{"className":38,"code":45048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45050,45051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45052,45053,45055,45057,45060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45054,42462],{"class":152},[45,45056,156],{"class":59},[45,45058,45059],{"class":135},"prompt",[45,45061,161],{"class":59},[20,45063,11663],{},[258,45065,45066,45070,45073],{},[261,45067,2212,45068,20217],{},[15,45069,45059],{},[261,45071,45072],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[261,45074,45075],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45077,45078],{},"Example with a prompt:",[36,45080,45082],{"className":38,"code":45081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45083,45084,45103],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45085,45086,45088,45090,45092,45094,45096,45099,45101],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45087,8181],{"class":51},[45,45089,56],{"class":55},[45,45091,8461],{"class":152},[45,45093,156],{"class":59},[45,45095,64],{"class":63},[45,45097,45098],{"class":67},"Enter your username: ",[45,45100,64],{"class":63},[45,45102,161],{"class":59},[45,45104,45105,45107,45109,45111],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45106,153],{"class":152},[45,45108,156],{"class":59},[45,45110,8205],{"class":135},[45,45112,161],{"class":59},[20,45114,45115],{},"Example without a prompt:",[36,45117,45119],{"className":38,"code":45118,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45120,45121,45131],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45122,45123,45125,45127,45129],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45124,2677],{"class":51},[45,45126,56],{"class":55},[45,45128,8461],{"class":152},[45,45130,139],{"class":59},[45,45132,45133,45135,45137,45139],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45134,153],{"class":152},[45,45136,156],{"class":59},[45,45138,947],{"class":135},[45,45140,161],{"class":59},[20,45142,7984,45143,45145],{},[15,45144,3189],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44917,45147],{},[31,45149,253,45151,342],{"id":45150},"what-input-returns",[15,45152,3189],{},[20,45154,45155,8444],{},[15,45156,3189],{},[20,45158,45159],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45161,361],{},[36,45163,45165],{"className":38,"code":45164,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45166,45167,45186,45196],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45168,45169,45171,45173,45175,45177,45179,45182,45184],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45170,21805],{"class":51},[45,45172,56],{"class":55},[45,45174,8461],{"class":152},[45,45176,156],{"class":59},[45,45178,64],{"class":63},[45,45180,45181],{"class":67},"Enter your age: ",[45,45183,64],{"class":63},[45,45185,161],{"class":59},[45,45187,45188,45190,45192,45194],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45189,153],{"class":152},[45,45191,156],{"class":59},[45,45193,89],{"class":135},[45,45195,161],{"class":59},[45,45197,45198,45200,45202,45204,45206,45208],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45199,153],{"class":152},[45,45201,156],{"class":59},[45,45203,1478],{"class":171},[45,45205,156],{"class":59},[45,45207,89],{"class":135},[45,45209,179],{"class":59},[20,45211,30185],{},[36,45213,45215],{"className":38,"code":45214,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45216,45217,45227,45231],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45218,45219,45222,45224],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45220,45221],{"class":51},"Enter your age",[45,45223,73],{"class":59},[45,45225,45226],{"class":96}," 25\n",[45,45228,45229],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45230,2939],{"class":96},[45,45232,45233,45235,45237,45239,45241,45243],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45234,1594],{"class":55},[45,45236,1598],{"class":1597},[45,45238,211],{"class":63},[45,45240,3669],{"class":67},[45,45242,198],{"class":63},[45,45244,1607],{"class":55},[20,45246,45247,45248,45250],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45249,9411],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45252,45253,45254,995,45258,132],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[277,45255,45256],{"href":3106},[15,45257,3109],{},[277,45259,45260],{"href":3112},[15,45261,3115],{},[20,45263,361],{},[36,45265,45267],{"className":38,"code":45266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45268,45269,45292,45302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45270,45271,45273,45275,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288,45290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45272,21805],{"class":51},[45,45274,56],{"class":55},[45,45276,45277],{"class":171}," int",[45,45279,156],{"class":59},[45,45281,42462],{"class":152},[45,45283,156],{"class":59},[45,45285,64],{"class":63},[45,45287,45181],{"class":67},[45,45289,64],{"class":63},[45,45291,179],{"class":59},[45,45293,45294,45296,45298,45300],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45295,153],{"class":152},[45,45297,156],{"class":59},[45,45299,89],{"class":135},[45,45301,161],{"class":59},[45,45303,45304,45306,45308,45310,45312,45314],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45305,153],{"class":152},[45,45307,156],{"class":59},[45,45309,1478],{"class":171},[45,45311,156],{"class":59},[45,45313,89],{"class":135},[45,45315,179],{"class":59},[20,45317,30185],{},[36,45319,45321],{"className":38,"code":45320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45322,45323,45331,45335],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45324,45325,45327,45329],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45326,45221],{"class":51},[45,45328,73],{"class":59},[45,45330,45226],{"class":96},[45,45332,45333],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45334,2939],{"class":96},[45,45336,45337,45339,45341,45343,45345,45347],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45338,1594],{"class":55},[45,45340,1598],{"class":1597},[45,45342,211],{"class":63},[45,45344,2418],{"class":67},[45,45346,198],{"class":63},[45,45348,1607],{"class":55},[44917,45350],{},[31,45352,45354],{"id":45353},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1398,45356,45358],{"id":45357},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[36,45360,45362],{"className":38,"code":45361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45363,45364,45383],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45365,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374,45376,45379,45381],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45367,8097],{"class":51},[45,45369,56],{"class":55},[45,45371,8461],{"class":152},[45,45373,156],{"class":59},[45,45375,64],{"class":63},[45,45377,45378],{"class":67},"What is your name? ",[45,45380,64],{"class":63},[45,45382,161],{"class":59},[45,45384,45385,45387,45389,45391,45394,45396,45398,45400],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45386,153],{"class":152},[45,45388,156],{"class":59},[45,45390,64],{"class":63},[45,45392,45393],{"class":67},"Hello,",[45,45395,64],{"class":63},[45,45397,84],{"class":59},[45,45399,35986],{"class":135},[45,45401,161],{"class":59},[20,45403,45404,45405,45407],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45406,68],{}," and prints it.",[1398,45409,45411,45412],{"id":45410},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45413,3109],{},[36,45415,45417],{"className":38,"code":45416,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45418,45419,45442],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45420,45421,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431,45433,45435,45438,45440],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45422,21805],{"class":51},[45,45424,56],{"class":55},[45,45426,45277],{"class":171},[45,45428,156],{"class":59},[45,45430,42462],{"class":152},[45,45432,156],{"class":59},[45,45434,64],{"class":63},[45,45436,45437],{"class":67},"How old are you? ",[45,45439,64],{"class":63},[45,45441,179],{"class":59},[45,45443,45444,45446,45448,45450,45453,45455,45457,45460,45462,45464],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45445,153],{"class":152},[45,45447,156],{"class":59},[45,45449,64],{"class":63},[45,45451,45452],{"class":67},"Next year you will be",[45,45454,64],{"class":63},[45,45456,84],{"class":59},[45,45458,45459],{"class":135}," age ",[45,45461,2291],{"class":55},[45,45463,1049],{"class":96},[45,45465,161],{"class":59},[20,45467,6281,45468,45470,45471,45473],{},[15,45469,3109],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45472,3189],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45475,45476,45477,132],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[277,45478,9199],{"href":9198},[1398,45480,45482],{"id":45481},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[36,45484,45486],{"className":38,"code":45485,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45487,45488,45512,45536,45550,45554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45489,45490,45493,45495,45497,45499,45501,45503,45505,45508,45510],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45491,45492],{"class":51},"num1 ",[45,45494,56],{"class":55},[45,45496,45277],{"class":171},[45,45498,156],{"class":59},[45,45500,42462],{"class":152},[45,45502,156],{"class":59},[45,45504,64],{"class":63},[45,45506,45507],{"class":67},"Enter the first number: ",[45,45509,64],{"class":63},[45,45511,179],{"class":59},[45,45513,45514,45517,45519,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45532,45534],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45515,45516],{"class":51},"num2 ",[45,45518,56],{"class":55},[45,45520,45277],{"class":171},[45,45522,156],{"class":59},[45,45524,42462],{"class":152},[45,45526,156],{"class":59},[45,45528,64],{"class":63},[45,45530,45531],{"class":67},"Enter the second number: ",[45,45533,64],{"class":63},[45,45535,179],{"class":59},[45,45537,45538,45540,45542,45545,45547],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45539,41181],{"class":51},[45,45541,56],{"class":55},[45,45543,45544],{"class":51}," num1 ",[45,45546,2291],{"class":55},[45,45548,45549],{"class":51}," num2\n",[45,45551,45552],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,45553,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,45555,45556,45558,45560,45562,45565,45567,45569,45572],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,45557,153],{"class":152},[45,45559,156],{"class":59},[45,45561,64],{"class":63},[45,45563,45564],{"class":67},"Total:",[45,45566,64],{"class":63},[45,45568,84],{"class":59},[45,45570,45571],{"class":135}," total",[45,45573,161],{"class":59},[20,45575,30185],{},[36,45577,45579],{"className":38,"code":45578,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45580,45581,45591,45600],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45582,45583,45586,45588],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45584,45585],{"class":51},"Enter the first number",[45,45587,73],{"class":59},[45,45589,45590],{"class":96}," 2\n",[45,45592,45593,45596,45598],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45594,45595],{"class":51},"Enter the second number",[45,45597,73],{"class":59},[45,45599,2807],{"class":96},[45,45601,45602,45605,45607],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45603,45604],{"class":51},"Total",[45,45606,73],{"class":59},[45,45608,34835],{"class":96},[20,45610,45611],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45613,361],{},[36,45615,45617],{"className":38,"code":45616,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45618,45619,45637,45655,45659],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45620,45621,45623,45625,45627,45629,45631,45633,45635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45622,45492],{"class":51},[45,45624,56],{"class":55},[45,45626,8461],{"class":152},[45,45628,156],{"class":59},[45,45630,64],{"class":63},[45,45632,45507],{"class":67},[45,45634,64],{"class":63},[45,45636,161],{"class":59},[45,45638,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649,45651,45653],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45640,45516],{"class":51},[45,45642,56],{"class":55},[45,45644,8461],{"class":152},[45,45646,156],{"class":59},[45,45648,64],{"class":63},[45,45650,45531],{"class":67},[45,45652,64],{"class":63},[45,45654,161],{"class":59},[45,45656,45657],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45658,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,45660,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45672],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,45662,153],{"class":152},[45,45664,156],{"class":59},[45,45666,45492],{"class":135},[45,45668,2291],{"class":55},[45,45670,45671],{"class":135}," num2",[45,45673,161],{"class":59},[20,45675,30185],{},[36,45677,45679],{"className":38,"code":45678,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45680,45681,45689,45697],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45682,45683,45685,45687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45684,45585],{"class":51},[45,45686,73],{"class":59},[45,45688,45590],{"class":96},[45,45690,45691,45693,45695],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45692,45595],{"class":51},[45,45694,73],{"class":59},[45,45696,2807],{"class":96},[45,45698,45699],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45700,45701],{"class":96},"23\n",[20,45703,45704,45705,45708,45709,132],{},"That happens because ",[15,45706,45707],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45710,45711],{},"\"23\"",[44917,45713],{},[31,45715,45717],{"id":45716},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45719,45720,45721,132],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45722,3189],{},[1398,45724,4928,45726,41541],{"id":45725},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45727,3189],{},[20,45729,39196],{},[36,45731,45733],{"className":38,"code":45732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45734,45735,45753],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45736,45737,45739,45741,45743,45745,45747,45749,45751],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45738,2677],{"class":51},[45,45740,56],{"class":55},[45,45742,8461],{"class":152},[45,45744,156],{"class":59},[45,45746,64],{"class":63},[45,45748,41870],{"class":67},[45,45750,64],{"class":63},[45,45752,161],{"class":59},[45,45754,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45756,153],{"class":152},[45,45758,156],{"class":59},[45,45760,1478],{"class":171},[45,45762,156],{"class":59},[45,45764,947],{"class":135},[45,45766,179],{"class":59},[20,45768,182],{},[36,45770,45772],{"className":38,"code":45771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45773,45774],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45775,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45777,1594],{"class":55},[45,45779,1598],{"class":1597},[45,45781,211],{"class":63},[45,45783,3669],{"class":67},[45,45785,198],{"class":63},[45,45787,1607],{"class":55},[20,45789,45790],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1398,45792,45794],{"id":45793},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45796,45797],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[36,45799,45801],{"className":38,"code":45800,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45802,45803,45821,45840],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45804,45805,45807,45809,45811,45813,45815,45817,45819],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45806,2784],{"class":51},[45,45808,56],{"class":55},[45,45810,8461],{"class":152},[45,45812,156],{"class":59},[45,45814,64],{"class":63},[45,45816,41870],{"class":67},[45,45818,64],{"class":63},[45,45820,161],{"class":59},[45,45822,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833,45836,45838],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45824,2812],{"class":51},[45,45826,56],{"class":55},[45,45828,8461],{"class":152},[45,45830,156],{"class":59},[45,45832,64],{"class":63},[45,45834,45835],{"class":67},"Enter another number: ",[45,45837,64],{"class":63},[45,45839,161],{"class":59},[45,45841,45842,45844,45846,45848,45850,45852],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,45843,153],{"class":152},[45,45845,156],{"class":59},[45,45847,2784],{"class":135},[45,45849,2291],{"class":55},[45,45851,2789],{"class":135},[45,45853,161],{"class":59},[20,45855,41119,45856,329,45858,45860,45861,19142,45864,132],{},[15,45857,2734],{},[15,45859,2366],{},", the result is ",[15,45862,45863],{},"45",[15,45865,2374],{},[1398,45867,45869,45870,45872,45873],{"id":45868},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45871,40702],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45874,3109],{},[20,45876,361],{},[36,45878,45880],{"className":38,"code":45879,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45881,45882],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45883,45884,45886,45888,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45885,21805],{"class":51},[45,45887,56],{"class":55},[45,45889,45277],{"class":171},[45,45891,156],{"class":59},[45,45893,42462],{"class":152},[45,45895,156],{"class":59},[45,45897,64],{"class":63},[45,45899,45181],{"class":67},[45,45901,64],{"class":63},[45,45903,179],{"class":59},[20,45905,8490,45906,45909,45910,132],{},[15,45907,45908],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45911,40702],{},[20,45913,45914,45915,132],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[277,45916,45918],{"href":45917},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1398,45920,45922],{"id":45921},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45924,45925],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[36,45927,45929],{"className":38,"code":45928,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45930,45931,45949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45932,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45934,8097],{"class":51},[45,45936,56],{"class":55},[45,45938,8461],{"class":152},[45,45940,156],{"class":59},[45,45942,64],{"class":63},[45,45944,44887],{"class":67},[45,45946,64],{"class":63},[45,45948,161],{"class":59},[45,45950,45951,45953,45955,45957,45959,45961],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,45952,153],{"class":152},[45,45954,156],{"class":59},[45,45956,41778],{"class":152},[45,45958,156],{"class":59},[45,45960,68],{"class":135},[45,45962,179],{"class":59},[20,45964,45965],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45967,45968,45969,73],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45970,45971],{},".strip()",[36,45973,45975],{"className":38,"code":45974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45976,45977,45999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,45978,45979,45981,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,45980,8097],{"class":51},[45,45982,56],{"class":55},[45,45984,8461],{"class":152},[45,45986,156],{"class":59},[45,45988,64],{"class":63},[45,45990,44887],{"class":67},[45,45992,64],{"class":63},[45,45994,8849],{"class":59},[45,45996,8852],{"class":135},[45,45998,139],{"class":59},[45,46000,46001,46003,46005,46007],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46002,153],{"class":152},[45,46004,156],{"class":59},[45,46006,68],{"class":135},[45,46008,161],{"class":59},[44917,46010],{},[31,46012,46014],{"id":46013},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46016,46017,46018,46020],{},"These habits make ",[15,46019,3189],{}," easier and safer to use.",[258,46022,46023,46026,46031,46034],{},[261,46024,46025],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[261,46027,1006,46028,46030],{},[15,46029,45971],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[261,46032,46033],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[261,46035,1006,46036,46038],{},[15,46037,29937],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46040,46041,46042,73],{},"Example with ",[15,46043,45971],{},[36,46045,46047],{"className":38,"code":46046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46048,46049,46073],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46050,46051,46054,46056,46058,46060,46062,46065,46067,46069,46071],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46052,46053],{"class":51},"city ",[45,46055,56],{"class":55},[45,46057,8461],{"class":152},[45,46059,156],{"class":59},[45,46061,64],{"class":63},[45,46063,46064],{"class":67},"Enter your city: ",[45,46066,64],{"class":63},[45,46068,8849],{"class":59},[45,46070,8852],{"class":135},[45,46072,139],{"class":59},[45,46074,46075,46077,46079,46081,46084,46086,46088,46090],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46076,153],{"class":152},[45,46078,156],{"class":59},[45,46080,64],{"class":63},[45,46082,46083],{"class":67},"City:",[45,46085,64],{"class":63},[45,46087,84],{"class":59},[45,46089,31538],{"class":135},[45,46091,161],{"class":59},[20,46093,46041,46094,73],{},[15,46095,29937],{},[36,46097,46099],{"className":38,"code":46098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46100,46101,46107,46130,46162,46170],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46102,46103,46105],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46104,29959],{"class":921},[45,46106,6614],{"class":59},[45,46108,46109,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124,46126,46128],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46110,46111],{"class":51},"    age ",[45,46113,56],{"class":55},[45,46115,45277],{"class":171},[45,46117,156],{"class":59},[45,46119,42462],{"class":152},[45,46121,156],{"class":59},[45,46123,64],{"class":63},[45,46125,45181],{"class":67},[45,46127,64],{"class":63},[45,46129,179],{"class":59},[45,46131,46132,46134,46136,46138,46141,46143,46145,46147,46149,46151,46153,46155,46158,46160],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46133,942],{"class":152},[45,46135,156],{"class":59},[45,46137,64],{"class":63},[45,46139,46140],{"class":67},"You will be",[45,46142,64],{"class":63},[45,46144,84],{"class":59},[45,46146,45459],{"class":135},[45,46148,2291],{"class":55},[45,46150,1049],{"class":96},[45,46152,84],{"class":59},[45,46154,76],{"class":63},[45,46156,46157],{"class":67},"next year",[45,46159,64],{"class":63},[45,46161,161],{"class":59},[45,46163,46164,46166,46168],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,46165,29990],{"class":921},[45,46167,41925],{"class":171},[45,46169,6614],{"class":59},[45,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46181,46183],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,46173,942],{"class":152},[45,46175,156],{"class":59},[45,46177,64],{"class":63},[45,46179,46180],{"class":67},"Please enter a whole number.",[45,46182,64],{"class":63},[45,46184,161],{"class":59},[20,46186,46187],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46189,46190,46191,132],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[277,46192,46194],{"href":46193},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44917,46196],{},[31,46198,3061],{"id":3060},[20,46200,46201,46202,73],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46203,3189],{},[258,46205,46206,46213,46216,46219],{},[261,46207,46208,46209,995,46211],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46210,3109],{},[15,46212,3115],{},[261,46214,46215],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[261,46217,46218],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[261,46220,46221],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46223,32236],{},[36,46225,46227],{"className":38,"code":46226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46228,46229,46239,46253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46230,46231,46233,46235,46237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46232,153],{"class":152},[45,46234,156],{"class":59},[45,46236,947],{"class":135},[45,46238,161],{"class":59},[45,46240,46241,46243,46245,46247,46249,46251],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46242,153],{"class":152},[45,46244,156],{"class":59},[45,46246,1478],{"class":171},[45,46248,156],{"class":59},[45,46250,947],{"class":135},[45,46252,179],{"class":59},[45,46254,46255,46257,46259,46261,46263,46265],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46256,153],{"class":152},[45,46258,156],{"class":59},[45,46260,41778],{"class":152},[45,46262,156],{"class":59},[45,46264,947],{"class":135},[45,46266,179],{"class":59},[20,46268,46269,46270,46272],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46271,3189],{}," actually returned:",[258,46274,46275,46280,46285],{},[261,46276,46277,46279],{},[15,46278,41826],{}," shows the value",[261,46281,46282,46284],{},[15,46283,41832],{}," shows the data type",[261,46286,46287,46289],{},[15,46288,41837],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46291,361],{},[36,46293,46295],{"className":38,"code":46294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46296,46297,46316,46326,46340],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46298,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307,46309,46312,46314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46300,2677],{"class":51},[45,46302,56],{"class":55},[45,46304,8461],{"class":152},[45,46306,156],{"class":59},[45,46308,64],{"class":63},[45,46310,46311],{"class":67},"Enter something: ",[45,46313,64],{"class":63},[45,46315,161],{"class":59},[45,46317,46318,46320,46322,46324],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46319,153],{"class":152},[45,46321,156],{"class":59},[45,46323,947],{"class":135},[45,46325,161],{"class":59},[45,46327,46328,46330,46332,46334,46336,46338],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46329,153],{"class":152},[45,46331,156],{"class":59},[45,46333,1478],{"class":171},[45,46335,156],{"class":59},[45,46337,947],{"class":135},[45,46339,179],{"class":59},[45,46341,46342,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,46343,153],{"class":152},[45,46345,156],{"class":59},[45,46347,41778],{"class":152},[45,46349,156],{"class":59},[45,46351,947],{"class":135},[45,46353,179],{"class":59},[44917,46355],{},[31,46357,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,46359,2062,46361,46363],{"id":46360},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46362,3189],{}," return an integer?",[20,46365,46366,46367,46369,46370,39927],{},"No. ",[15,46368,3189],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46371,3109],{},[1398,46373,46375,46376,2079],{"id":46374},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46377,3189],{},[20,46379,46380,46381,46383],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46382,3189],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1398,46385,5378,46387,46390,46391,2079],{"id":46386},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46388,46389],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46392,3189],{},[20,46394,29217,46395,46397,46398,42154,46400,46402],{},[15,46396,3189],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46399,45707],{},[15,46401,45711],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1398,46404,46406],{"id":46405},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46408,1006,46409,46411,46412,132],{},[15,46410,45971],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46413,46414],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44917,46416],{},[31,46418,2114],{"id":2113},[258,46420,46421,46426,46430,46436,46442,46446],{},[261,46422,46423],{},[277,46424,46425],{"href":46193},"How to get user input in Python",[261,46427,46428],{},[277,46429,9276],{"href":9198},[261,46431,46432],{},[277,46433,3802,46434,3735],{"href":3106},[15,46435,3109],{},[261,46437,46438],{},[277,46439,3802,46440,3735],{"href":3112},[15,46441,3115],{},[261,46443,46444],{},[277,46445,45918],{"href":45917},[261,46447,46448],{},[277,46449,3802,46451,3735],{"href":46450},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46452,46453],{},"print()",[2154,46455,46456],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":46458},[46459,46460,46462,46463,46465,46471,46479,46480,46481,46490],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":44921,"depth":121,"text":46461},"What input() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":45150,"depth":121,"text":46464},"What input() returns",{"id":45353,"depth":121,"text":45354,"children":46466},[46467,46468,46470],{"id":45357,"depth":142,"text":45358},{"id":45410,"depth":142,"text":46469},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45481,"depth":142,"text":45482},{"id":45716,"depth":121,"text":45717,"children":46472},[46473,46475,46476,46478],{"id":45725,"depth":142,"text":46474},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45793,"depth":142,"text":45794},{"id":45868,"depth":142,"text":46477},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45921,"depth":142,"text":45922},{"id":46013,"depth":121,"text":46014},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":46482},[46483,46485,46487,46489],{"id":46360,"depth":142,"text":46484},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46374,"depth":142,"text":46486},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46386,"depth":142,"text":46488},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46405,"depth":142,"text":46406},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42193,"description":46491},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46498,"title":42095,"body":46499,"description":48812,"extension":2195,"meta":48813,"navigation":145,"path":48814,"seo":48815,"stem":48816,"__hash__":48817},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46500,"toc":48764},[46501,46506,46511,46516,46537,46540,46542,46602,46604,46623,46628,46633,46638,46640,46653,46655,46738,46740,46781,46787,46789,46819,46825,46828,46845,46847,46899,46901,46919,46925,46931,46934,46952,46954,47027,47029,47048,47055,47061,47066,47069,47129,47131,47150,47153,47156,47171,47177,47181,47242,47244,47265,47269,47398,47400,47530,47540,47546,47552,47560,47626,47628,47653,47656,47673,47686,47692,47695,47728,47730,47743,47746,47789,47791,47799,47806,47810,47817,47821,47848,47850,47858,47864,47881,47886,47890,47917,47919,47927,47931,47936,47939,47965,47968,47977,47985,47989,47999,48003,48006,48008,48059,48061,48091,48101,48128,48130,48138,48148,48152,48155,48157,48205,48207,48251,48257,48308,48310,48329,48334,48339,48342,48361,48364,48416,48418,48427,48429,48433,48437,48440,48449,48456,48458,48485,48489,48491,48500,48503,48510,48516,48576,48580,48582,48590,48593,48619,48625,48628,48648,48650,48659,48667,48669,48675,48680,48687,48697,48703,48711,48715,48718,48720,48761],[10,46502,3802,46504,3806],{"id":46503},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46505,3109],{},[20,46507,22,46508,46510],{},[15,46509,3109],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46512,35399,46513,46515],{},[15,46514,3109],{}," when they want to:",[258,46517,46518,46528,46531,46534],{},[261,46519,46520,46521,46524,46525],{},"turn text like ",[15,46522,46523],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46526,46527],{},"42",[261,46529,46530],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[261,46532,46533],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[261,46535,46536],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46538,46539],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[31,46541,34],{"id":33},[36,46543,46545],{"className":38,"code":46544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46546,46547,46565,46579],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46548,46549,46551,46553,46555,46557,46559,46561,46563],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46550,153],{"class":152},[45,46552,156],{"class":59},[45,46554,2418],{"class":171},[45,46556,156],{"class":59},[45,46558,64],{"class":63},[45,46560,46527],{"class":67},[45,46562,64],{"class":63},[45,46564,179],{"class":59},[45,46566,46567,46569,46571,46573,46575,46577],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46568,153],{"class":152},[45,46570,156],{"class":59},[45,46572,2418],{"class":171},[45,46574,156],{"class":59},[45,46576,41983],{"class":96},[45,46578,179],{"class":59},[45,46580,46581,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46594,46596,46598,46600],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46582,153],{"class":152},[45,46584,156],{"class":59},[45,46586,2418],{"class":171},[45,46588,156],{"class":59},[45,46590,64],{"class":63},[45,46592,46593],{"class":67},"101",[45,46595,64],{"class":63},[45,46597,84],{"class":59},[45,46599,1035],{"class":96},[45,46601,179],{"class":59},[20,46603,182],{},[36,46605,46607],{"className":38,"code":46606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46608,46609,46614,46619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46610,46611],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46612,46613],{"class":96},"42\n",[45,46615,46616],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46617,46618],{"class":96},"3\n",[45,46620,46621],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46622,3178],{"class":96},[20,46624,1006,46625,46627],{},[15,46626,3109],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[31,46629,253,46631,256],{"id":46630},"what-int-does",[15,46632,3109],{},[20,46634,46635,46637],{},[15,46636,3109],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46639,303],{},[258,46641,46642,46647,46650],{},[261,46643,46644,46645,7561],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46646,2418],{},[261,46648,46649],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[261,46651,46652],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46654,361],{},[36,46656,46658],{"className":38,"code":46657,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46659,46660,46672,46686,46690,46700,46710,46724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46661,46662,46664,46666,46668,46670],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46663,34680],{"class":51},[45,46665,56],{"class":55},[45,46667,76],{"class":63},[45,46669,9411],{"class":67},[45,46671,468],{"class":63},[45,46673,46674,46676,46678,46680,46682,46684],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46675,2447],{"class":51},[45,46677,56],{"class":55},[45,46679,45277],{"class":171},[45,46681,156],{"class":59},[45,46683,34701],{"class":135},[45,46685,161],{"class":59},[45,46687,46688],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46689,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,46691,46692,46694,46696,46698],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,46693,153],{"class":152},[45,46695,156],{"class":59},[45,46697,34701],{"class":135},[45,46699,161],{"class":59},[45,46701,46702,46704,46706,46708],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,46703,153],{"class":152},[45,46705,156],{"class":59},[45,46707,2469],{"class":135},[45,46709,161],{"class":59},[45,46711,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,46713,153],{"class":152},[45,46715,156],{"class":59},[45,46717,1478],{"class":171},[45,46719,156],{"class":59},[45,46721,34701],{"class":135},[45,46723,179],{"class":59},[45,46725,46726,46728,46730,46732,46734,46736],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,46727,153],{"class":152},[45,46729,156],{"class":59},[45,46731,1478],{"class":171},[45,46733,156],{"class":59},[45,46735,2469],{"class":135},[45,46737,179],{"class":59},[20,46739,182],{},[36,46741,46743],{"className":38,"code":46742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46744,46745,46749,46753,46767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46746,46747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46748,2939],{"class":96},[45,46750,46751],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46752,2939],{"class":96},[45,46754,46755,46757,46759,46761,46763,46765],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46756,1594],{"class":55},[45,46758,1598],{"class":1597},[45,46760,211],{"class":63},[45,46762,3669],{"class":67},[45,46764,198],{"class":63},[45,46766,1607],{"class":55},[45,46768,46769,46771,46773,46775,46777,46779],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,46770,1594],{"class":55},[45,46772,1598],{"class":1597},[45,46774,211],{"class":63},[45,46776,2418],{"class":67},[45,46778,198],{"class":63},[45,46780,1607],{"class":55},[20,46782,46783,46784,46786],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46785,3109],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[31,46788,284],{"id":283},[36,46790,46792],{"className":38,"code":46791,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46793,46794,46804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46795,46796,46798,46800,46802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46797,2418],{"class":171},[45,46799,156],{"class":59},[45,46801,2403],{"class":135},[45,46803,161],{"class":59},[45,46805,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814,46817],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46807,2418],{"class":171},[45,46809,156],{"class":59},[45,46811,2403],{"class":135},[45,46813,84],{"class":59},[45,46815,46816],{"class":135}," base",[45,46818,161],{"class":59},[1398,46820,46822],{"id":46821},"intx",[15,46823,46824],{},"int(x)",[20,46826,46827],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[258,46829,46830,46835,46840],{},[261,46831,46832,46833],{},"a string such as ",[15,46834,42125],{},[261,46836,46837,46838],{},"a float such as ",[15,46839,41983],{},[261,46841,46842,46843],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46844,3831],{},[20,46846,361],{},[36,46848,46850],{"className":38,"code":46849,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46851,46852,46870,46885],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46853,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46855,153],{"class":152},[45,46857,156],{"class":59},[45,46859,2418],{"class":171},[45,46861,156],{"class":59},[45,46863,64],{"class":63},[45,46865,2560],{"class":67},[45,46867,64],{"class":63},[45,46869,179],{"class":59},[45,46871,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46883],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46873,153],{"class":152},[45,46875,156],{"class":59},[45,46877,2418],{"class":171},[45,46879,156],{"class":59},[45,46881,46882],{"class":96},"8.7",[45,46884,179],{"class":59},[45,46886,46887,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46888,153],{"class":152},[45,46890,156],{"class":59},[45,46892,2418],{"class":171},[45,46894,156],{"class":59},[45,46896,3831],{"class":4080},[45,46898,179],{"class":59},[20,46900,182],{},[36,46902,46904],{"className":38,"code":46903,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46905,46906,46910,46914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46907,46908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46909,2606],{"class":96},[45,46911,46912],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46913,2611],{"class":96},[45,46915,46916],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,46917,46918],{"class":96},"1\n",[1398,46920,46922],{"id":46921},"intx-base",[15,46923,46924],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46926,46927,46928,46930],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46929,2403],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46932,46933],{},"Common bases:",[258,46935,46936,46941,46946],{},[261,46937,46938,46940],{},[15,46939,1133],{}," for binary",[261,46942,46943,46945],{},[15,46944,2575],{}," for octal",[261,46947,46948,46951],{},[15,46949,46950],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46953,361],{},[36,46955,46957],{"className":38,"code":46956,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46958,46959,46981,47004],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,46960,46961,46963,46965,46967,46969,46971,46973,46975,46977,46979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,46962,153],{"class":152},[45,46964,156],{"class":59},[45,46966,2418],{"class":171},[45,46968,156],{"class":59},[45,46970,64],{"class":63},[45,46972,46593],{"class":67},[45,46974,64],{"class":63},[45,46976,84],{"class":59},[45,46978,1035],{"class":96},[45,46980,179],{"class":59},[45,46982,46983,46985,46987,46989,46991,46993,46996,46998,47000,47002],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,46984,153],{"class":152},[45,46986,156],{"class":59},[45,46988,2418],{"class":171},[45,46990,156],{"class":59},[45,46992,64],{"class":63},[45,46994,46995],{"class":67},"17",[45,46997,64],{"class":63},[45,46999,84],{"class":59},[45,47001,6580],{"class":96},[45,47003,179],{"class":59},[45,47005,47006,47008,47010,47012,47014,47016,47019,47021,47023,47025],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47007,153],{"class":152},[45,47009,156],{"class":59},[45,47011,2418],{"class":171},[45,47013,156],{"class":59},[45,47015,64],{"class":63},[45,47017,47018],{"class":67},"1A",[45,47020,64],{"class":63},[45,47022,84],{"class":59},[45,47024,14180],{"class":96},[45,47026,179],{"class":59},[20,47028,182],{},[36,47030,47032],{"className":38,"code":47031,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47033,47034,47038,47043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47035,47036],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47037,3178],{"class":96},[45,47039,47040],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47041,47042],{"class":96},"15\n",[45,47044,47045],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47046,47047],{"class":96},"26\n",[20,47049,47050,47051,132],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[277,47052,47053,2532],{"href":3112},[15,47054,3115],{},[31,47056,1797,47058,47060],{"id":47057},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47059,3109],{}," with strings",[20,47062,47063,47065],{},[15,47064,3109],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47067,47068],{},"Examples that work:",[36,47070,47072],{"className":38,"code":47071,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47073,47074,47092,47110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47075,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47077,153],{"class":152},[45,47079,156],{"class":59},[45,47081,2418],{"class":171},[45,47083,156],{"class":59},[45,47085,64],{"class":63},[45,47087,2366],{"class":67},[45,47089,64],{"class":63},[45,47091,179],{"class":59},[45,47093,47094,47096,47098,47100,47102,47104,47106,47108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47095,153],{"class":152},[45,47097,156],{"class":59},[45,47099,2418],{"class":171},[45,47101,156],{"class":59},[45,47103,64],{"class":63},[45,47105,2521],{"class":67},[45,47107,64],{"class":63},[45,47109,179],{"class":59},[45,47111,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47125,47127],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47113,153],{"class":152},[45,47115,156],{"class":59},[45,47117,2418],{"class":171},[45,47119,156],{"class":59},[45,47121,64],{"class":63},[45,47123,47124],{"class":67},"  42  ",[45,47126,64],{"class":63},[45,47128,179],{"class":59},[20,47130,182],{},[36,47132,47134],{"className":38,"code":47133,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47135,47136,47140,47146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47137,47138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47139,3178],{"class":96},[45,47141,47142,47144],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47143,2254],{"class":55},[45,47145,2455],{"class":96},[45,47147,47148],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47149,46613],{"class":96},[20,47151,47152],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47154,47155],{},"Examples that fail:",[36,47157,47159],{"className":38,"code":47158,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47160,47161,47166],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47162,47163],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47164,47165],{"class":1712},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[45,47167,47168],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47169,47170],{"class":1712},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47172,47173,47174,47176],{},"These raise ",[15,47175,40702],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1398,47178,47180],{"id":47179},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[36,47182,47184],{"className":38,"code":47183,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47185,47186,47204,47223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47187,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47189,153],{"class":152},[45,47191,156],{"class":59},[45,47193,2418],{"class":171},[45,47195,156],{"class":59},[45,47197,64],{"class":63},[45,47199,1117],{"class":67},[45,47201,64],{"class":63},[45,47203,179],{"class":59},[45,47205,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47219,47221],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47207,153],{"class":152},[45,47209,156],{"class":59},[45,47211,2418],{"class":171},[45,47213,156],{"class":59},[45,47215,64],{"class":63},[45,47217,47218],{"class":67},"+7",[45,47220,64],{"class":63},[45,47222,179],{"class":59},[45,47224,47225,47227,47229,47231,47233,47235,47238,47240],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47226,153],{"class":152},[45,47228,156],{"class":59},[45,47230,2418],{"class":171},[45,47232,156],{"class":59},[45,47234,64],{"class":63},[45,47236,47237],{"class":67},"-100",[45,47239,64],{"class":63},[45,47241,179],{"class":59},[20,47243,182],{},[36,47245,47247],{"className":38,"code":47246,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47248,47249,47254,47258],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47250,47251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47252,47253],{"class":96},"0\n",[45,47255,47256],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47257,2311],{"class":96},[45,47259,47260,47262],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47261,2254],{"class":55},[45,47263,47264],{"class":96},"100\n",[1398,47266,47268],{"id":47267},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[36,47270,47272],{"className":38,"code":47271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47273,47274,47312,47316,47328,47335,47350,47365],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47275,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284,47286,47288,47290,47292,47295,47297,47299,47301,47303,47305,47308,47310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47277,124],{"class":51},[45,47279,56],{"class":55},[45,47281,1427],{"class":59},[45,47283,64],{"class":63},[45,47285,40141],{"class":67},[45,47287,64],{"class":63},[45,47289,84],{"class":59},[45,47291,76],{"class":63},[45,47293,47294],{"class":67},"12abc",[45,47296,64],{"class":63},[45,47298,84],{"class":59},[45,47300,6347],{"class":63},[45,47302,84],{"class":59},[45,47304,76],{"class":63},[45,47306,47307],{"class":67},"seven",[45,47309,64],{"class":63},[45,47311,244],{"class":59},[45,47313,47314],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47315,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,47317,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47319,855],{"class":921},[45,47321,924],{"class":51},[45,47323,927],{"class":921},[45,47325,4113],{"class":51},[45,47327,6614],{"class":59},[45,47329,47330,47333],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,47331,47332],{"class":921},"    try",[45,47334,6614],{"class":59},[45,47336,47337,47340,47342,47344,47346,47348],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,47338,47339],{"class":152},"        print",[45,47341,156],{"class":59},[45,47343,2418],{"class":171},[45,47345,156],{"class":59},[45,47347,947],{"class":135},[45,47349,179],{"class":59},[45,47351,47352,47355,47357,47360,47363],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,47353,47354],{"class":921},"    except",[45,47356,41925],{"class":171},[45,47358,47359],{"class":921}," as",[45,47361,47362],{"class":51}," error",[45,47364,6614],{"class":59},[45,47366,47367,47369,47371,47373,47375,47377,47379,47382,47384,47387,47389,47392,47394,47396],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,47368,47339],{"class":152},[45,47370,156],{"class":59},[45,47372,22469],{"class":1597},[45,47374,64],{"class":67},[45,47376,9495],{"class":96},[45,47378,947],{"class":135},[45,47380,47381],{"class":1597},"!r",[45,47383,22478],{"class":96},[45,47385,47386],{"class":67}," -> ",[45,47388,9495],{"class":96},[45,47390,47391],{"class":135},"error",[45,47393,22478],{"class":96},[45,47395,64],{"class":67},[45,47397,161],{"class":59},[20,47399,182],{},[36,47401,47403],{"className":38,"code":47402,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47404,47405,47441,47473,47498],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47406,47407,47409,47411,47413,47416,47419,47421,47423,47425,47428,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47408,198],{"class":43328},[45,47410,40141],{"class":43332},[45,47412,198],{"class":43328},[45,47414,47415],{"class":37363}," ->",[45,47417,47418],{"class":51}," invalid literal ",[45,47420,855],{"class":921},[45,47422,45277],{"class":171},[45,47424,7587],{"class":59},[45,47426,47427],{"class":921}," with",[45,47429,47430],{"class":51}," base ",[45,47432,2560],{"class":96},[45,47434,73],{"class":59},[45,47436,211],{"class":63},[45,47438,40141],{"class":67},[45,47440,29855],{"class":63},[45,47442,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469,47471],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47444,198],{"class":63},[45,47446,47294],{"class":67},[45,47448,198],{"class":63},[45,47450,47415],{"class":37363},[45,47452,47418],{"class":51},[45,47454,855],{"class":921},[45,47456,45277],{"class":171},[45,47458,7587],{"class":59},[45,47460,47427],{"class":921},[45,47462,47430],{"class":51},[45,47464,2560],{"class":96},[45,47466,73],{"class":59},[45,47468,211],{"class":63},[45,47470,47294],{"class":67},[45,47472,29855],{"class":63},[45,47474,47475,47477,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47489,47491,47493,47495],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47476,4001],{"class":63},[45,47478,47415],{"class":37363},[45,47480,47418],{"class":51},[45,47482,855],{"class":921},[45,47484,45277],{"class":171},[45,47486,7587],{"class":59},[45,47488,47427],{"class":921},[45,47490,47430],{"class":51},[45,47492,2560],{"class":96},[45,47494,73],{"class":59},[45,47496,47497],{"class":63}," ''\n",[45,47499,47500,47502,47504,47506,47508,47510,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47528],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,47501,198],{"class":63},[45,47503,47307],{"class":67},[45,47505,198],{"class":63},[45,47507,47415],{"class":37363},[45,47509,47418],{"class":51},[45,47511,855],{"class":921},[45,47513,45277],{"class":171},[45,47515,7587],{"class":59},[45,47517,47427],{"class":921},[45,47519,47430],{"class":51},[45,47521,2560],{"class":96},[45,47523,73],{"class":59},[45,47525,211],{"class":63},[45,47527,47307],{"class":67},[45,47529,29855],{"class":63},[20,47531,47532,47533,47535,47536,132],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[277,47534,9199],{"href":9198}," and the ",[277,47537,47538,2532],{"href":8438},[15,47539,3189],{},[31,47541,1797,47543,47545],{"id":47542},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47544,3109],{}," with floats",[20,47547,47548,47549,47551],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47550,3109],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47553,47554,47555,14246,47557,47559],{},"Important: ",[15,47556,3109],{},[355,47558,4854],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[36,47561,47563],{"className":38,"code":47562,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47564,47565,47579,47594,47610],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47566,47567,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47568,153],{"class":152},[45,47570,156],{"class":59},[45,47572,2418],{"class":171},[45,47574,156],{"class":59},[45,47576,41983],{"class":96},[45,47578,179],{"class":59},[45,47580,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47592],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47582,153],{"class":152},[45,47584,156],{"class":59},[45,47586,2418],{"class":171},[45,47588,156],{"class":59},[45,47590,47591],{"class":96},"3.1",[45,47593,179],{"class":59},[45,47595,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47597,153],{"class":152},[45,47599,156],{"class":59},[45,47601,2418],{"class":171},[45,47603,156],{"class":59},[45,47605,2254],{"class":55},[45,47607,41983],{"class":96},[45,47609,179],{"class":59},[45,47611,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,47613,153],{"class":152},[45,47615,156],{"class":59},[45,47617,2418],{"class":171},[45,47619,156],{"class":59},[45,47621,2254],{"class":55},[45,47623,47591],{"class":96},[45,47625,179],{"class":59},[20,47627,182],{},[36,47629,47631],{"className":38,"code":47630,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47632,47633,47637,47641,47647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47634,47635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47636,46618],{"class":96},[45,47638,47639],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47640,46618],{"class":96},[45,47642,47643,47645],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47644,2254],{"class":55},[45,47646,46618],{"class":96},[45,47648,47649,47651],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,47650,2254],{"class":55},[45,47652,46618],{"class":96},[20,47654,47655],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[258,47657,47658,47665],{},[261,47659,47660,42154,47663],{},[15,47661,47662],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47664,2294],{},[261,47666,47667,42154,47670],{},[15,47668,47669],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47671,47672],{},"-3",[20,47674,47675,47676,47680,47681,132],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[277,47677,47678],{"href":3112},[15,47679,3115],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[277,47682,47683],{"href":42174},[15,47684,47685],{},"str()",[31,47687,1797,47689,47691],{"id":47688},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47690,3109],{}," with booleans",[20,47693,47694],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[36,47696,47698],{"className":38,"code":47697,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47699,47700,47714],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47701,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47703,153],{"class":152},[45,47705,156],{"class":59},[45,47707,2418],{"class":171},[45,47709,156],{"class":59},[45,47711,3831],{"class":4080},[45,47713,179],{"class":59},[45,47715,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47717,153],{"class":152},[45,47719,156],{"class":59},[45,47721,2418],{"class":171},[45,47723,156],{"class":59},[45,47725,3902],{"class":4080},[45,47727,179],{"class":59},[20,47729,182],{},[36,47731,47733],{"className":38,"code":47732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n0\n",[15,47734,47735,47739],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47736,47737],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47738,46918],{"class":96},[45,47740,47741],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47742,47253],{"class":96},[20,47744,47745],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[36,47747,47749],{"className":38,"code":47748,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47750,47751,47760,47775,47779],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47752,47753,47756,47758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47754,47755],{"class":51},"passed ",[45,47757,56],{"class":55},[45,47759,6643],{"class":4080},[45,47761,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770,47773],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,47763,41181],{"class":51},[45,47765,56],{"class":55},[45,47767,45277],{"class":171},[45,47769,156],{"class":59},[45,47771,47772],{"class":135},"passed",[45,47774,161],{"class":59},[45,47776,47777],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,47778,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,47780,47781,47783,47785,47787],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,47782,153],{"class":152},[45,47784,156],{"class":59},[45,47786,41210],{"class":135},[45,47788,161],{"class":59},[20,47790,182],{},[36,47792,47793],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,47794,47795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47796,47797],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47798,46918],{"class":96},[20,47800,47801,47802,132],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[277,47803,47804,2532],{"href":6001},[15,47805,4041],{},[31,47807,47809],{"id":47808},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47811,47812,47813,47816],{},"Use the ",[15,47814,47815],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1398,47818,47820],{"id":47819},"binary-example","Binary example",[36,47822,47824],{"className":38,"code":47823,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47825,47826],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47827,47828,47830,47832,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47829,153],{"class":152},[45,47831,156],{"class":59},[45,47833,2418],{"class":171},[45,47835,156],{"class":59},[45,47837,64],{"class":63},[45,47839,46593],{"class":67},[45,47841,64],{"class":63},[45,47843,84],{"class":59},[45,47845,1035],{"class":96},[45,47847,179],{"class":59},[20,47849,182],{},[36,47851,47852],{"className":38,"code":3178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,47853,47854],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47855,47856],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47857,3178],{"class":96},[20,47859,47860,47863],{},[15,47861,47862],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[258,47865,47866,47871,47876],{},[261,47867,47868],{},[15,47869,47870],{},"1 × 4",[261,47872,47873],{},[15,47874,47875],{},"0 × 2",[261,47877,47878],{},[15,47879,47880],{},"1 × 1",[20,47882,47883,47884,132],{},"So the result is ",[15,47885,2366],{},[1398,47887,47889],{"id":47888},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[36,47891,47893],{"className":38,"code":47892,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47894,47895],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47896,47897,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47898,153],{"class":152},[45,47900,156],{"class":59},[45,47902,2418],{"class":171},[45,47904,156],{"class":59},[45,47906,64],{"class":63},[45,47908,47018],{"class":67},[45,47910,64],{"class":63},[45,47912,84],{"class":59},[45,47914,14180],{"class":96},[45,47916,179],{"class":59},[20,47918,182],{},[36,47920,47921],{"className":38,"code":47047,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,47922,47923],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47924,47925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47926,47047],{"class":96},[1398,47928,47930],{"id":47929},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47932,2212,47933,47935],{},[15,47934,47815],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47937,47938],{},"Good:",[36,47940,47941],{"className":38,"code":47823,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,47942,47943],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47944,47945,47947,47949,47951,47953,47955,47957,47959,47961,47963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47946,153],{"class":152},[45,47948,156],{"class":59},[45,47950,2418],{"class":171},[45,47952,156],{"class":59},[45,47954,64],{"class":63},[45,47956,46593],{"class":67},[45,47958,64],{"class":63},[45,47960,84],{"class":59},[45,47962,1035],{"class":96},[45,47964,179],{"class":59},[20,47966,47967],{},"Not correct:",[36,47969,47971],{"className":38,"code":47970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47972,47973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,47974,47975],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,47976,47970],{"class":1712},[20,47978,47979,47980,8819,47982,47984],{},"That causes a ",[15,47981,3235],{},[15,47983,47815],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[31,47986,47988],{"id":47987},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47990,47991,47992,47994,47995,329,47997,132],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47993,3109],{}," are ",[15,47996,40702],{},[15,47998,3235],{},[1398,48000,48001],{"id":41512},[15,48002,40702],{},[20,48004,48005],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48007,361],{},[36,48009,48011],{"className":38,"code":48010,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48012,48013,48019,48037,48049],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48014,48015,48017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48016,29959],{"class":921},[45,48018,6614],{"class":59},[45,48020,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48031,48033,48035],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48022,942],{"class":152},[45,48024,156],{"class":59},[45,48026,2418],{"class":171},[45,48028,156],{"class":59},[45,48030,64],{"class":63},[45,48032,40141],{"class":67},[45,48034,64],{"class":63},[45,48036,179],{"class":59},[45,48038,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,48040,29990],{"class":921},[45,48042,41925],{"class":171},[45,48044,47359],{"class":921},[45,48046,47362],{"class":51},[45,48048,6614],{"class":59},[45,48050,48051,48053,48055,48057],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,48052,942],{"class":152},[45,48054,156],{"class":59},[45,48056,47391],{"class":135},[45,48058,161],{"class":59},[20,48060,182],{},[36,48062,48064],{"className":38,"code":48063,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48065,48066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48067,48068,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087,48089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48069,48070],{"class":51},"invalid literal ",[45,48072,855],{"class":921},[45,48074,45277],{"class":171},[45,48076,7587],{"class":59},[45,48078,47427],{"class":921},[45,48080,47430],{"class":51},[45,48082,2560],{"class":96},[45,48084,73],{"class":59},[45,48086,211],{"class":63},[45,48088,40141],{"class":67},[45,48090,29855],{"class":63},[20,48092,48093,48094,48097,48098,48100],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48095,48096],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48099,3109],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[36,48102,48104],{"className":38,"code":48103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48105,48106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48107,48108,48110,48112,48114,48116,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48109,153],{"class":152},[45,48111,156],{"class":59},[45,48113,2418],{"class":171},[45,48115,156],{"class":59},[45,48117,2422],{"class":171},[45,48119,156],{"class":59},[45,48121,64],{"class":63},[45,48123,40141],{"class":67},[45,48125,64],{"class":63},[45,48127,3143],{"class":59},[20,48129,182],{},[36,48131,48132],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,48133,48134],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48135,48136],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48137,46618],{"class":96},[20,48139,48140,48141,329,48144,132],{},"If you see this often, read ",[277,48142,48143],{"href":3193},"how to convert string to int in Python",[277,48145,1495,48146],{"href":45917},[15,48147,45918],{},[1398,48149,48150],{"id":41578},[15,48151,3235],{},[20,48153,48154],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48156,361],{},[36,48158,48160],{"className":38,"code":48159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48161,48162,48168,48182,48195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48163,48164,48166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48165,29959],{"class":921},[45,48167,6614],{"class":59},[45,48169,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48171,942],{"class":152},[45,48173,156],{"class":59},[45,48175,2418],{"class":171},[45,48177,156],{"class":59},[45,48179,4006],{"class":4080},[45,48181,179],{"class":59},[45,48183,48184,48186,48189,48191,48193],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,48185,29990],{"class":921},[45,48187,48188],{"class":171}," TypeError",[45,48190,47359],{"class":921},[45,48192,47362],{"class":51},[45,48194,6614],{"class":59},[45,48196,48197,48199,48201,48203],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,48198,942],{"class":152},[45,48200,156],{"class":59},[45,48202,47391],{"class":135},[45,48204,161],{"class":59},[20,48206,182],{},[36,48208,48210],{"className":38,"code":48209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48211,48212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48213,48214,48216,48218,48221,48223,48225,48228,48230,48233,48235,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246,48249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48215,2418],{"class":171},[45,48217,7587],{"class":59},[45,48219,48220],{"class":51}," argument must be a string",[45,48222,84],{"class":59},[45,48224,44545],{"class":51},[45,48226,48227],{"class":171},"bytes",[45,48229,2254],{"class":55},[45,48231,48232],{"class":51},"like ",[45,48234,42398],{"class":171},[45,48236,48237],{"class":55}," or",[45,48239,40838],{"class":51},[45,48241,84],{"class":59},[45,48243,8318],{"class":55},[45,48245,211],{"class":63},[45,48247,48248],{"class":67},"NoneType",[45,48250,29855],{"class":63},[20,48252,48253,48254,48256],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48255,47815],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[36,48258,48260],{"className":38,"code":48259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48261,48262,48268,48286,48298],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48263,48264,48266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48265,29959],{"class":921},[45,48267,6614],{"class":59},[45,48269,48270,48272,48274,48276,48278,48280,48282,48284],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48271,942],{"class":152},[45,48273,156],{"class":59},[45,48275,2418],{"class":171},[45,48277,156],{"class":59},[45,48279,46593],{"class":96},[45,48281,84],{"class":59},[45,48283,1035],{"class":96},[45,48285,179],{"class":59},[45,48287,48288,48290,48292,48294,48296],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,48289,29990],{"class":921},[45,48291,48188],{"class":171},[45,48293,47359],{"class":921},[45,48295,47362],{"class":51},[45,48297,6614],{"class":59},[45,48299,48300,48302,48304,48306],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,48301,942],{"class":152},[45,48303,156],{"class":59},[45,48305,47391],{"class":135},[45,48307,161],{"class":59},[20,48309,182],{},[36,48311,48313],{"className":38,"code":48312,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48314,48315],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48316,48317,48319,48321,48324,48326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48318,2418],{"class":171},[45,48320,7587],{"class":59},[45,48322,48323],{"class":51}," can",[45,48325,198],{"class":63},[45,48327,48328],{"class":67},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[31,48330,5185,48332],{"id":48331},"when-to-use-int",[15,48333,3109],{},[20,48335,1006,48336,48338],{},[15,48337,3109],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48340,48341],{},"Common uses:",[258,48343,48344,48350,48353,48356],{},[261,48345,48346,48347,48349],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48348,3189],{}," into integers",[261,48351,48352],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[261,48354,48355],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[261,48357,48358,48359,36611],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48360,47815],{},[20,48362,48363],{},"Example with user input:",[36,48365,48367],{"className":38,"code":48366,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48368,48369,48383,48398,48402],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48370,48371,48374,48376,48378,48381],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48372,48373],{"class":51},"age_text ",[45,48375,56],{"class":55},[45,48377,76],{"class":63},[45,48379,48380],{"class":67},"18",[45,48382,468],{"class":63},[45,48384,48385,48387,48389,48391,48393,48396],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48386,21805],{"class":51},[45,48388,56],{"class":55},[45,48390,45277],{"class":171},[45,48392,156],{"class":59},[45,48394,48395],{"class":135},"age_text",[45,48397,161],{"class":59},[45,48399,48400],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,48401,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,48403,48404,48406,48408,48410,48412,48414],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,48405,153],{"class":152},[45,48407,156],{"class":59},[45,48409,21805],{"class":135},[45,48411,2291],{"class":55},[45,48413,1049],{"class":96},[45,48415,161],{"class":59},[20,48417,182],{},[36,48419,48421],{"className":38,"code":48420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"19\n",[15,48422,48423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48424,48425],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48426,48420],{"class":96},[31,48428,3061],{"id":3060},[20,48430,14926,48431,132],{},[15,48432,3109],{},[1398,48434,48436],{"id":48435},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48438,48439],{},"This fails:",[36,48441,48443],{"className":38,"code":48442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48444,48445],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48446,48447],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48448,48442],{"class":1712},[20,48450,48451,48452,48455],{},"Why: ",[15,48453,48454],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48457,19019],{},[36,48459,48461],{"className":38,"code":48460,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48462,48463],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48464,48465,48467,48469,48471,48473,48475,48477,48479,48481,48483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48466,153],{"class":152},[45,48468,156],{"class":59},[45,48470,2418],{"class":171},[45,48472,156],{"class":59},[45,48474,2422],{"class":171},[45,48476,156],{"class":59},[45,48478,64],{"class":63},[45,48480,41122],{"class":67},[45,48482,64],{"class":63},[45,48484,3143],{"class":59},[1398,48486,48488],{"id":48487},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48490,48439],{},[36,48492,48494],{"className":38,"code":48493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48495,48496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48497,48498],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48499,48493],{"class":1712},[20,48501,48502],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1398,48504,48506,48507],{"id":48505},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48508,48509],{},"int(None)",[20,48511,48512,48513,48515],{},"This fails because ",[15,48514,4006],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[36,48517,48519],{"className":38,"code":48518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48520,48521,48530,48534,48540,48554,48566],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48522,48523,48525,48527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48524,2677],{"class":51},[45,48526,56],{"class":55},[45,48528,48529],{"class":4080}," None\n",[45,48531,48532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48533,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,48535,48536,48538],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,48537,29959],{"class":921},[45,48539,6614],{"class":59},[45,48541,48542,48544,48546,48548,48550,48552],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,48543,942],{"class":152},[45,48545,156],{"class":59},[45,48547,2418],{"class":171},[45,48549,156],{"class":59},[45,48551,947],{"class":135},[45,48553,179],{"class":59},[45,48555,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,48557,29990],{"class":921},[45,48559,48188],{"class":171},[45,48561,47359],{"class":921},[45,48563,47362],{"class":51},[45,48565,6614],{"class":59},[45,48567,48568,48570,48572,48574],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,48569,942],{"class":152},[45,48571,156],{"class":59},[45,48573,47391],{"class":135},[45,48575,161],{"class":59},[1398,48577,48579],{"id":48578},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48581,48439],{},[36,48583,48584],{"className":38,"code":47970,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,48585,48586],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48587,48588],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48589,47970],{"class":1712},[20,48591,48592],{},"Use a string instead:",[36,48594,48595],{"className":38,"code":47823,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,48596,48597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48598,48599,48601,48603,48605,48607,48609,48611,48613,48615,48617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48600,153],{"class":152},[45,48602,156],{"class":59},[45,48604,2418],{"class":171},[45,48606,156],{"class":59},[45,48608,64],{"class":63},[45,48610,46593],{"class":67},[45,48612,64],{"class":63},[45,48614,84],{"class":59},[45,48616,1035],{"class":96},[45,48618,179],{"class":59},[1398,48620,8670,48622,48624],{"id":48621},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48623,3109],{}," to round",[20,48626,48627],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[36,48629,48631],{"className":38,"code":48630,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48632,48633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48634,48635,48637,48639,48641,48643,48646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48636,153],{"class":152},[45,48638,156],{"class":59},[45,48640,2418],{"class":171},[45,48642,156],{"class":59},[45,48644,48645],{"class":96},"4.9",[45,48647,179],{"class":59},[20,48649,182],{},[36,48651,48653],{"className":38,"code":48652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4\n",[15,48654,48655],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48656,48657],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48658,48652],{"class":96},[20,48660,3400,48661,48663,48664,48666],{},[15,48662,2366],{},", remember that ",[15,48665,3109],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[31,48668,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,48670,2062,48672,48674],{"id":48671},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48673,3109],{}," round numbers?",[20,48676,46366,48677,48679],{},[15,48678,3109],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1398,48681,5378,48683,48686],{"id":48682},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48684,48685],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48688,29217,48689,48691,48692,48694,48695,39927],{},[15,48690,48096],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48693,3115],{}," first, then use ",[15,48696,3109],{},[1398,48698,2049,48700,12917],{"id":48699},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48701,48702],{},"int(True)",[20,48704,1610,48705,28470,48707,42154,48709,132],{},[15,48706,1430],{},[15,48708,3902],{},[15,48710,1117],{},[1398,48712,48714],{"id":48713},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48716,48717],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[31,48719,2114],{"id":2113},[258,48721,48722,48728,48734,48740,48745,48749,48755],{},[261,48723,48724],{},[277,48725,48726,3735],{"href":3112},[15,48727,3115],{},[261,48729,48730],{},[277,48731,48732,3735],{"href":42174},[15,48733,47685],{},[261,48735,48736],{},[277,48737,48738,3735],{"href":6001},[15,48739,4041],{},[261,48741,48742],{},[277,48743,48744],{"href":3193},"How to convert string to int in Python",[261,48746,48747],{},[277,48748,9276],{"href":9198},[261,48750,48751],{},[277,48752,48753,3735],{"href":8438},[15,48754,3189],{},[261,48756,48757],{},[277,48758,2149,48759],{"href":45917},[15,48760,45918],{},[2154,48762,48763],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":48765},[48766,48767,48769,48773,48778,48780,48782,48787,48791,48793,48802,48811],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":46630,"depth":121,"text":48768},"What int() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":48770},[48771,48772],{"id":46821,"depth":142,"text":46824},{"id":46921,"depth":142,"text":46924},{"id":47057,"depth":121,"text":48774,"children":48775},"Using int() with strings",[48776,48777],{"id":47179,"depth":142,"text":47180},{"id":47267,"depth":142,"text":47268},{"id":47542,"depth":121,"text":48779},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47688,"depth":121,"text":48781},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47808,"depth":121,"text":47809,"children":48783},[48784,48785,48786],{"id":47819,"depth":142,"text":47820},{"id":47888,"depth":142,"text":47889},{"id":47929,"depth":142,"text":47930},{"id":47987,"depth":121,"text":47988,"children":48788},[48789,48790],{"id":41512,"depth":142,"text":40702},{"id":41578,"depth":142,"text":3235},{"id":48331,"depth":121,"text":48792},"When to use int()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":48794},[48795,48796,48797,48799,48800],{"id":48435,"depth":142,"text":48436},{"id":48487,"depth":142,"text":48488},{"id":48505,"depth":142,"text":48798},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48578,"depth":142,"text":48579},{"id":48621,"depth":142,"text":48801},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":48803},[48804,48806,48808,48810],{"id":48671,"depth":142,"text":48805},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48682,"depth":142,"text":48807},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48699,"depth":142,"text":48809},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48713,"depth":142,"text":48714},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42095,"description":48812},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48819,"title":48820,"body":48821,"description":50657,"extension":2195,"meta":50658,"navigation":145,"path":44803,"seo":50659,"stem":50660,"__hash__":50661},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48822,"toc":50613},[48823,48828,48833,48841,48850,48852,48911,48917,48922,48927,48930,48958,48961,48964,48975,48985,48987,48989,49009,49013,49041,49043,49082,49084,49092,49094,49097,49101,49154,49156,49168,49172,49229,49231,49243,49249,49255,49259,49262,49265,49331,49333,49345,49351,49353,49405,49408,49449,49452,49459,49468,49474,49477,49510,49516,49519,49550,49556,49559,49571,49575,49580,49584,49742,49744,49759,49762,49766,49870,49872,49889,49893,49954,49956,49964,49967,49971,50038,50040,50049,50055,50057,50066,50068,50103,50108,50110,50140,50144,50146,50183,50186,50188,50225,50231,50233,50283,50285,50293,50303,50309,50313,50318,50367,50369,50382,50385,50387,50390,50465,50468,50487,50490,50520,50530,50532,50537,50544,50550,50556,50563,50571,50577,50580,50582,50610],[10,48824,3802,48826,3806],{"id":48825},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48827,44806],{},[20,48829,48830,48832],{},[15,48831,44806],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48834,48835,48836,995,48838,48840],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48837,3831],{},[15,48839,3902],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48842,48843,48844,48846,48847,48849],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48845,44806],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48848,2531],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[31,48851,3836],{"id":3835},[36,48853,48855],{"className":38,"code":48854,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48856,48857,48865,48869,48890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48858,48859,48861,48863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48860,2677],{"class":51},[45,48862,56],{"class":55},[45,48864,2817],{"class":96},[45,48866,48867],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,48868,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,48870,48871,48873,48875,48878,48880,48882,48884,48886,48888],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,48872,153],{"class":152},[45,48874,156],{"class":59},[45,48876,48877],{"class":152},"isinstance",[45,48879,156],{"class":59},[45,48881,947],{"class":135},[45,48883,84],{"class":59},[45,48885,45277],{"class":171},[45,48887,5582],{"class":59},[45,48889,43855],{"class":1712},[45,48891,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904,48907,48909],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,48893,153],{"class":152},[45,48895,156],{"class":59},[45,48897,48877],{"class":152},[45,48899,156],{"class":59},[45,48901,947],{"class":135},[45,48903,84],{"class":59},[45,48905,48906],{"class":171}," str",[45,48908,5582],{"class":59},[45,48910,43872],{"class":1712},[20,48912,1006,48913,48916],{},[15,48914,48915],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[31,48918,253,48920,256],{"id":48919},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48921,44806],{},[20,48923,48924,48926],{},[15,48925,44806],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48928,48929],{},"It:",[258,48931,48932,48935,48941,48944],{},[261,48933,48934],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[261,48936,11629,48937,995,48939],{},[15,48938,3831],{},[15,48940,3902],{},[261,48942,48943],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[261,48945,48946,48947,2419,48949,2419,48951,2419,48953,17257,48956],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48948,3669],{},[15,48950,2418],{},[15,48952,172],{},[15,48954,48955],{},"tuple",[15,48957,9039],{},[20,48959,48960],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48962,48963],{},"For example, you might want to:",[258,48965,48966,48969,48972],{},[261,48967,48968],{},"loop through a list",[261,48970,48971],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[261,48973,48974],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48976,48977,48978,995,48981,132],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[277,48979,44798],{"href":48980},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[277,48982,48984],{"href":48983},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[31,48986,284],{"id":283},[20,48988,2389],{},[36,48990,48992],{"className":38,"code":48991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48993,48994],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,48995,48996,48998,49000,49002,49004,49007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,48997,48877],{"class":152},[45,48999,156],{"class":59},[45,49001,42398],{"class":171},[45,49003,84],{"class":59},[45,49005,49006],{"class":135}," classinfo",[45,49008,161],{"class":59},[1398,49010,49012],{"id":49011},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[258,49014,49015,49020,49034],{},[261,49016,49017,49019],{},[15,49018,42398],{}," is the value you want to test",[261,49021,49022,49025,49026,2419,49028,2419,49030,2423,49032],{},[15,49023,49024],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49027,2418],{},[15,49029,3669],{},[15,49031,172],{},[15,49033,9039],{},[261,49035,49036,49037,995,49039],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49038,3831],{},[15,49040,3902],{},[20,49042,361],{},[36,49044,49046],{"className":38,"code":49045,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49047,49048,49060,49064],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49049,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49051,8097],{"class":51},[45,49053,56],{"class":55},[45,49055,76],{"class":63},[45,49057,11711],{"class":67},[45,49059,468],{"class":63},[45,49061,49062],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49063,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49065,49066,49068,49070,49072,49074,49076,49078,49080],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49067,153],{"class":152},[45,49069,156],{"class":59},[45,49071,48877],{"class":152},[45,49073,156],{"class":59},[45,49075,68],{"class":135},[45,49077,84],{"class":59},[45,49079,48906],{"class":171},[45,49081,179],{"class":59},[20,49083,182],{},[36,49085,49086],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,49087,49088],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49089,49090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49091,4205],{"class":4080},[31,49093,640],{"id":639},[20,49095,49096],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1398,49098,49100],{"id":49099},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[36,49102,49104],{"className":38,"code":49103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49105,49106,49114,49118,49136],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49107,49108,49110,49112],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49109,2677],{"class":51},[45,49111,56],{"class":55},[45,49113,45226],{"class":96},[45,49115,49116],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49117,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49119,49120,49122,49124,49126,49128,49130,49132,49134],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49121,153],{"class":152},[45,49123,156],{"class":59},[45,49125,48877],{"class":152},[45,49127,156],{"class":59},[45,49129,947],{"class":135},[45,49131,84],{"class":59},[45,49133,45277],{"class":171},[45,49135,179],{"class":59},[45,49137,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,49139,153],{"class":152},[45,49141,156],{"class":59},[45,49143,48877],{"class":152},[45,49145,156],{"class":59},[45,49147,947],{"class":135},[45,49149,84],{"class":59},[45,49151,48906],{"class":171},[45,49153,179],{"class":59},[20,49155,182],{},[36,49157,49158],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,49159,49160,49164],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49161,49162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49163,4205],{"class":4080},[45,49165,49166],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49167,4266],{"class":4080},[1398,49169,49171],{"id":49170},"check-text","Check text",[36,49173,49175],{"className":38,"code":49174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49176,49177,49189,49193,49211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49178,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49180,34680],{"class":51},[45,49182,56],{"class":55},[45,49184,76],{"class":63},[45,49186,4073],{"class":67},[45,49188,468],{"class":63},[45,49190,49191],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49192,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49194,49195,49197,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49196,153],{"class":152},[45,49198,156],{"class":59},[45,49200,48877],{"class":152},[45,49202,156],{"class":59},[45,49204,34701],{"class":135},[45,49206,84],{"class":59},[45,49208,48906],{"class":171},[45,49210,179],{"class":59},[45,49212,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,49214,153],{"class":152},[45,49216,156],{"class":59},[45,49218,48877],{"class":152},[45,49220,156],{"class":59},[45,49222,34701],{"class":135},[45,49224,84],{"class":59},[45,49226,45277],{"class":171},[45,49228,179],{"class":59},[20,49230,182],{},[36,49232,49233],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,49234,49235,49239],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49236,49237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49238,4205],{"class":4080},[45,49240,49241],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49242,4266],{"class":4080},[20,49244,49245,49246,49248],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49247,44806],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49250,49251,49252,132],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[277,49253,49254],{"href":3193},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[31,49256,49258],{"id":49257},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49260,49261],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49263,49264],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[36,49266,49268],{"className":38,"code":49267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49269,49270,49279,49283,49307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49271,49272,49274,49276],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49273,2677],{"class":51},[45,49275,56],{"class":55},[45,49277,49278],{"class":96}," 3.5\n",[45,49280,49281],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49282,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49284,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301,49303,49305],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49286,153],{"class":152},[45,49288,156],{"class":59},[45,49290,48877],{"class":152},[45,49292,156],{"class":59},[45,49294,947],{"class":135},[45,49296,84],{"class":59},[45,49298,9453],{"class":59},[45,49300,2418],{"class":171},[45,49302,84],{"class":59},[45,49304,40253],{"class":171},[45,49306,3143],{"class":59},[45,49308,49309,49311,49313,49315,49317,49319,49321,49323,49325,49327,49329],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,49310,153],{"class":152},[45,49312,156],{"class":59},[45,49314,48877],{"class":152},[45,49316,156],{"class":59},[45,49318,947],{"class":135},[45,49320,84],{"class":59},[45,49322,9453],{"class":59},[45,49324,3669],{"class":171},[45,49326,84],{"class":59},[45,49328,587],{"class":171},[45,49330,3143],{"class":59},[20,49332,182],{},[36,49334,49335],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,49336,49337,49341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49338,49339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49340,4205],{"class":4080},[45,49342,49343],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49344,4266],{"class":4080},[20,49346,49347,49348,49350],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49349,40835],{}," conditions.",[20,49352,8517],{},[36,49354,49356],{"className":38,"code":49355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49357,49358,49366,49370],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49359,49360,49362,49364],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49361,2677],{"class":51},[45,49363,56],{"class":55},[45,49365,49278],{"class":96},[45,49367,49368],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49369,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49371,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49373,153],{"class":152},[45,49375,156],{"class":59},[45,49377,1478],{"class":171},[45,49379,156],{"class":59},[45,49381,947],{"class":135},[45,49383,3889],{"class":59},[45,49385,6629],{"class":55},[45,49387,45277],{"class":171},[45,49389,48237],{"class":921},[45,49391,49392],{"class":171}," type",[45,49394,156],{"class":59},[45,49396,947],{"class":135},[45,49398,3889],{"class":59},[45,49400,6629],{"class":55},[45,49402,40253],{"class":171},[45,49404,161],{"class":59},[20,49406,49407],{},"you can write this:",[36,49409,49411],{"className":38,"code":49410,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49412,49413,49421,49425],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49414,49415,49417,49419],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49416,2677],{"class":51},[45,49418,56],{"class":55},[45,49420,49278],{"class":96},[45,49422,49423],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49424,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49426,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49428,153],{"class":152},[45,49430,156],{"class":59},[45,49432,48877],{"class":152},[45,49434,156],{"class":59},[45,49436,947],{"class":135},[45,49438,84],{"class":59},[45,49440,9453],{"class":59},[45,49442,2418],{"class":171},[45,49444,84],{"class":59},[45,49446,40253],{"class":171},[45,49448,3143],{"class":59},[20,49450,49451],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[31,49453,49455,1174,49457],{"id":49454},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49456,44806],{},[15,49458,2531],{},[20,49460,10800,49461,329,49463,49467],{},[15,49462,44806],{},[277,49464,49465],{"href":2528},[15,49466,2531],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1398,49469,49471],{"id":49470},"typevalue-int",[15,49472,49473],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49475,49476],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[36,49478,49480],{"className":38,"code":49479,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49481,49482,49490],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49483,49484,49486,49488],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49485,2677],{"class":51},[45,49487,56],{"class":55},[45,49489,2817],{"class":96},[45,49491,49492,49494,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49493,153],{"class":152},[45,49495,156],{"class":59},[45,49497,1478],{"class":171},[45,49499,156],{"class":59},[45,49501,947],{"class":135},[45,49503,3889],{"class":59},[45,49505,6629],{"class":55},[45,49507,45277],{"class":171},[45,49509,161],{"class":59},[1398,49511,49513],{"id":49512},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49514,49515],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49517,49518],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[36,49520,49522],{"className":38,"code":49521,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49523,49524,49532],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49525,49526,49528,49530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49527,2677],{"class":51},[45,49529,56],{"class":55},[45,49531,2817],{"class":96},[45,49533,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49535,153],{"class":152},[45,49537,156],{"class":59},[45,49539,48877],{"class":152},[45,49541,156],{"class":59},[45,49543,947],{"class":135},[45,49545,84],{"class":59},[45,49547,45277],{"class":171},[45,49549,179],{"class":59},[20,49551,49552,49553,49555],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49554,44806],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49557,49558],{},"In everyday code:",[258,49560,49561,49566],{},[261,49562,39988,49563,49565],{},[15,49564,2531],{}," when you need the exact type",[261,49567,39988,49568,49570],{},[15,49569,44806],{}," when you want a practical type check",[31,49572,49574],{"id":49573},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49576,49577,49578,132],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49579,44806],{},[1398,49581,49583],{"id":49582},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[36,49585,49587],{"className":38,"code":49586,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49588,49589,49607,49626,49638,49643,49661,49672,49676,49688,49692,49716],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49590,49591,49593,49596,49598,49600,49602,49605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49592,34844],{"class":1597},[45,49594,49595],{"class":34847}," repeat_text",[45,49597,156],{"class":59},[45,49599,34701],{"class":37659},[45,49601,84],{"class":59},[45,49603,49604],{"class":37659}," count",[45,49606,8559],{"class":59},[45,49608,49609,49611,49613,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49610,6619],{"class":921},[45,49612,8318],{"class":55},[45,49614,49615],{"class":152}," isinstance",[45,49617,156],{"class":59},[45,49619,34701],{"class":135},[45,49621,84],{"class":59},[45,49623,48906],{"class":171},[45,49625,8559],{"class":59},[45,49627,49628,49631,49633,49636],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49629,49630],{"class":921},"        return",[45,49632,76],{"class":63},[45,49634,49635],{"class":67},"text must be a string",[45,49637,468],{"class":63},[45,49639,49640],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,49641,49642],{"class":51},"    \n",[45,49644,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657,49659],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,49646,6619],{"class":921},[45,49648,8318],{"class":55},[45,49650,49615],{"class":152},[45,49652,156],{"class":59},[45,49654,41258],{"class":135},[45,49656,84],{"class":59},[45,49658,45277],{"class":171},[45,49660,8559],{"class":59},[45,49662,49663,49665,49667,49670],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,49664,49630],{"class":921},[45,49666,76],{"class":63},[45,49668,49669],{"class":67},"count must be an integer",[45,49671,468],{"class":63},[45,49673,49674],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,49675,49642],{"class":51},[45,49677,49678,49680,49683,49685],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,49679,34855],{"class":921},[45,49681,49682],{"class":51}," text ",[45,49684,39870],{"class":55},[45,49686,49687],{"class":51}," count\n",[45,49689,49690],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,49691,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49693,49694,49696,49698,49701,49703,49705,49708,49710,49712,49714],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,49695,153],{"class":152},[45,49697,156],{"class":59},[45,49699,49700],{"class":135},"repeat_text",[45,49702,156],{"class":59},[45,49704,64],{"class":63},[45,49706,49707],{"class":67},"Hi ",[45,49709,64],{"class":63},[45,49711,84],{"class":59},[45,49713,1063],{"class":96},[45,49715,179],{"class":59},[45,49717,49718,49720,49722,49724,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740],{"class":47,"line":11797},[45,49719,153],{"class":152},[45,49721,156],{"class":59},[45,49723,49700],{"class":135},[45,49725,156],{"class":59},[45,49727,64],{"class":63},[45,49729,49707],{"class":67},[45,49731,64],{"class":63},[45,49733,84],{"class":59},[45,49735,76],{"class":63},[45,49737,2294],{"class":67},[45,49739,64],{"class":63},[45,49741,179],{"class":59},[20,49743,182],{},[36,49745,49747],{"className":38,"code":49746,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49748,49749,49754],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49750,49751],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49752,49753],{"class":51},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[45,49755,49756],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49757,49758],{"class":51},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49760,49761],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1398,49763,49765],{"id":49764},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[36,49767,49769],{"className":38,"code":49768,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49770,49771,49803,49807,49823,49838,49855],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49772,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49774,2677],{"class":51},[45,49776,56],{"class":55},[45,49778,1427],{"class":59},[45,49780,64],{"class":63},[45,49782,277],{"class":67},[45,49784,64],{"class":63},[45,49786,84],{"class":59},[45,49788,76],{"class":63},[45,49790,1930],{"class":67},[45,49792,64],{"class":63},[45,49794,84],{"class":59},[45,49796,76],{"class":63},[45,49798,9951],{"class":67},[45,49800,64],{"class":63},[45,49802,244],{"class":59},[45,49804,49805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49806,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49808,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49810,7219],{"class":921},[45,49812,49615],{"class":152},[45,49814,156],{"class":59},[45,49816,947],{"class":135},[45,49818,84],{"class":59},[45,49820,48906],{"class":171},[45,49822,8559],{"class":59},[45,49824,49825,49827,49829,49831,49834,49836],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,49826,942],{"class":152},[45,49828,156],{"class":59},[45,49830,64],{"class":63},[45,49832,49833],{"class":67},"This is text",[45,49835,64],{"class":63},[45,49837,161],{"class":59},[45,49839,49840,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,49841,49842],{"class":921},"elif",[45,49844,49615],{"class":152},[45,49846,156],{"class":59},[45,49848,947],{"class":135},[45,49850,84],{"class":59},[45,49852,587],{"class":171},[45,49854,8559],{"class":59},[45,49856,49857,49859,49861,49863,49866,49868],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,49858,942],{"class":152},[45,49860,156],{"class":59},[45,49862,64],{"class":63},[45,49864,49865],{"class":67},"This is a list",[45,49867,64],{"class":63},[45,49869,161],{"class":59},[20,49871,182],{},[36,49873,49875],{"className":38,"code":49874,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This is a list\n",[15,49876,49877],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49878,49879,49882,49884,49886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49880,49881],{"class":51},"This ",[45,49883,12395],{"class":55},[45,49885,44545],{"class":51},[45,49887,49888],{"class":171},"list\n",[1398,49890,49892],{"id":49891},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[36,49894,49896],{"className":38,"code":49895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49897,49898,49910,49914,49930,49944],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49899,49900,49902,49904,49906,49908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49901,2677],{"class":51},[45,49903,56],{"class":55},[45,49905,76],{"class":63},[45,49907,46527],{"class":67},[45,49909,468],{"class":63},[45,49911,49912],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,49913,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,49915,49916,49918,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,49917,7219],{"class":921},[45,49919,49615],{"class":152},[45,49921,156],{"class":59},[45,49923,947],{"class":135},[45,49925,84],{"class":59},[45,49927,48906],{"class":171},[45,49929,8559],{"class":59},[45,49931,49932,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,49933,41889],{"class":51},[45,49935,56],{"class":55},[45,49937,45277],{"class":171},[45,49939,156],{"class":59},[45,49941,947],{"class":135},[45,49943,161],{"class":59},[45,49945,49946,49948,49950,49952],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,49947,942],{"class":152},[45,49949,156],{"class":59},[45,49951,2469],{"class":135},[45,49953,161],{"class":59},[20,49955,182],{},[36,49957,49958],{"className":38,"code":46613,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,49959,49960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49961,49962],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49963,46613],{"class":96},[20,49965,49966],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1398,49968,49970],{"id":49969},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[36,49972,49974],{"className":38,"code":49973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49975,49976,50000,50004,50020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,49977,49978,49980,49982,49984,49986,49988,49990,49992,49994,49996,49998],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,49979,2677],{"class":51},[45,49981,56],{"class":55},[45,49983,60],{"class":59},[45,49985,64],{"class":63},[45,49987,68],{"class":67},[45,49989,64],{"class":63},[45,49991,73],{"class":59},[45,49993,76],{"class":63},[45,49995,79],{"class":67},[45,49997,64],{"class":63},[45,49999,118],{"class":59},[45,50001,50002],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50003,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,50005,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,50007,7219],{"class":921},[45,50009,49615],{"class":152},[45,50011,156],{"class":59},[45,50013,947],{"class":135},[45,50015,84],{"class":59},[45,50017,9388],{"class":171},[45,50019,8559],{"class":59},[45,50021,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,50023,942],{"class":152},[45,50025,156],{"class":59},[45,50027,947],{"class":135},[45,50029,223],{"class":59},[45,50031,64],{"class":63},[45,50033,68],{"class":67},[45,50035,64],{"class":63},[45,50037,218],{"class":59},[20,50039,182],{},[36,50041,50043],{"className":38,"code":50042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana\n",[15,50044,50045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50046,50047],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50048,50042],{"class":51},[20,50050,50051,50052,50054],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50053,3235],{}," messages later.",[31,50056,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,50058,50060,50061,1800,50064],{"id":50059},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50062,50063],{},"\"int\"",[15,50065,2418],{},[20,50067,1412],{},[36,50069,50071],{"className":38,"code":50070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50072,50073,50081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50074,50075,50077,50079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50076,2677],{"class":51},[45,50078,56],{"class":55},[45,50080,2817],{"class":96},[45,50082,50083,50085,50087,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50084,153],{"class":152},[45,50086,156],{"class":59},[45,50088,48877],{"class":152},[45,50090,156],{"class":59},[45,50092,947],{"class":135},[45,50094,84],{"class":59},[45,50096,76],{"class":63},[45,50098,2418],{"class":67},[45,50100,64],{"class":63},[45,50102,179],{"class":59},[20,50104,50105,50107],{},[15,50106,50063],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50109,16848],{},[36,50111,50112],{"className":38,"code":49521,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,50113,50114,50122],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50115,50116,50118,50120],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50117,2677],{"class":51},[45,50119,56],{"class":55},[45,50121,2817],{"class":96},[45,50123,50124,50126,50128,50130,50132,50134,50136,50138],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50125,153],{"class":152},[45,50127,156],{"class":59},[45,50129,48877],{"class":152},[45,50131,156],{"class":59},[45,50133,947],{"class":135},[45,50135,84],{"class":59},[45,50137,45277],{"class":171},[45,50139,179],{"class":59},[1398,50141,50143],{"id":50142},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50145,1412],{},[36,50147,50149],{"className":38,"code":50148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50150,50151,50159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50152,50153,50155,50157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50154,2677],{"class":51},[45,50156,56],{"class":55},[45,50158,34835],{"class":96},[45,50160,50161,50163,50165,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177,50179,50181],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50162,153],{"class":152},[45,50164,156],{"class":59},[45,50166,48877],{"class":152},[45,50168,156],{"class":59},[45,50170,947],{"class":135},[45,50172,84],{"class":59},[45,50174,1427],{"class":59},[45,50176,2418],{"class":171},[45,50178,84],{"class":59},[45,50180,40253],{"class":171},[45,50182,3229],{"class":59},[20,50184,50185],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50187,16848],{},[36,50189,50191],{"className":38,"code":50190,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50192,50193,50201],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50194,50195,50197,50199],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50196,2677],{"class":51},[45,50198,56],{"class":55},[45,50200,34835],{"class":96},[45,50202,50203,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50204,153],{"class":152},[45,50206,156],{"class":59},[45,50208,48877],{"class":152},[45,50210,156],{"class":59},[45,50212,947],{"class":135},[45,50214,84],{"class":59},[45,50216,9453],{"class":59},[45,50218,2418],{"class":171},[45,50220,84],{"class":59},[45,50222,40253],{"class":171},[45,50224,3143],{"class":59},[1398,50226,25932,50228,50230],{"id":50227},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50229,44806],{}," converts a value",[20,50232,19092],{},[36,50234,50236],{"className":38,"code":50235,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50237,50238,50251,50269,50273],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246,50249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50241,2677],{"class":51},[45,50243,56],{"class":55},[45,50245,76],{"class":63},[45,50247,50248],{"class":67},"123",[45,50250,468],{"class":63},[45,50252,50253,50255,50257,50259,50261,50263,50265,50267],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50254,716],{"class":51},[45,50256,56],{"class":55},[45,50258,49615],{"class":152},[45,50260,156],{"class":59},[45,50262,947],{"class":135},[45,50264,84],{"class":59},[45,50266,45277],{"class":171},[45,50268,161],{"class":59},[45,50270,50271],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,50272,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,50274,50275,50277,50279,50281],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,50276,153],{"class":152},[45,50278,156],{"class":59},[45,50280,740],{"class":135},[45,50282,161],{"class":59},[20,50284,182],{},[36,50286,50287],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,50288,50289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50290,50291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50292,4266],{"class":4080},[20,50294,50295,50296,50299,50300,50302],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50297,50298],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50301,50248],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50304,50305,50306,6852],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50307,50308],{},"int(value)",[1398,50310,50312],{"id":50311},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50314,50315,50317],{},[15,50316,44806],{}," does not modify anything.",[36,50319,50321],{"className":38,"code":50320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50322,50323,50335,50339,50357],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50324,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50326,2677],{"class":51},[45,50328,56],{"class":55},[45,50330,76],{"class":63},[45,50332,13751],{"class":67},[45,50334,468],{"class":63},[45,50336,50337],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50338,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353,50355],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,50342,153],{"class":152},[45,50344,156],{"class":59},[45,50346,48877],{"class":152},[45,50348,156],{"class":59},[45,50350,947],{"class":135},[45,50352,84],{"class":59},[45,50354,48906],{"class":171},[45,50356,179],{"class":59},[45,50358,50359,50361,50363,50365],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,50360,153],{"class":152},[45,50362,156],{"class":59},[45,50364,947],{"class":135},[45,50366,161],{"class":59},[20,50368,182],{},[36,50370,50372],{"className":38,"code":50371,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\n100\n",[15,50373,50374,50378],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50375,50376],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50377,4205],{"class":4080},[45,50379,50380],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50381,47264],{"class":96},[20,50383,50384],{},"The value stays the same.",[31,50386,26100],{"id":26099},[20,50388,50389],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[36,50391,50393],{"className":38,"code":50392,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50394,50395,50409,50427,50451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50396,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50398,153],{"class":152},[45,50400,156],{"class":59},[45,50402,1478],{"class":171},[45,50404,156],{"class":59},[45,50406,947],{"class":135},[45,50408,179],{"class":59},[45,50410,50411,50413,50415,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50412,153],{"class":152},[45,50414,156],{"class":59},[45,50416,48877],{"class":152},[45,50418,156],{"class":59},[45,50420,947],{"class":135},[45,50422,84],{"class":59},[45,50424,45277],{"class":171},[45,50426,179],{"class":59},[45,50428,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50449],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,50430,153],{"class":152},[45,50432,156],{"class":59},[45,50434,48877],{"class":152},[45,50436,156],{"class":59},[45,50438,947],{"class":135},[45,50440,84],{"class":59},[45,50442,9453],{"class":59},[45,50444,2418],{"class":171},[45,50446,84],{"class":59},[45,50448,40253],{"class":171},[45,50450,3143],{"class":59},[45,50452,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461,50463],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,50454,153],{"class":152},[45,50456,156],{"class":59},[45,50458,41778],{"class":152},[45,50460,156],{"class":59},[45,50462,947],{"class":135},[45,50464,179],{"class":59},[20,50466,50467],{},"These can help when:",[258,50469,50470,50473,50478,50481],{},[261,50471,50472],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[261,50474,50475,50476],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50477,3235],{},[261,50479,50480],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[261,50482,50483,50484,50486],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50485,44806],{}," is invalid",[20,50488,50489],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[258,50491,50492,50506,50512,50517],{},[261,50493,50494,50495,995,50498,50501,50502,995,50504],{},"using ",[15,50496,50497],{},"'int'",[15,50499,50500],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50503,2418],{},[15,50505,3669],{},[261,50507,50508,50509,50511],{},"expecting ",[15,50510,44806],{}," to convert a value",[261,50513,50494,50514,50516],{},[15,50515,2531],{}," when inherited types should also match",[261,50518,50519],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50521,50522,50523,132],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[277,50524,50526,50527],{"href":50525},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50528,50529],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[31,50531,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,50533,2049,50535,2052],{"id":50534},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50536,44806],{},[20,50538,1610,50539,50541,50542,132],{},[15,50540,3831],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50543,3902],{},[1398,50545,5390,50547,50549],{"id":50546},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50548,44806],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50551,50552,50553,132],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50554,50555],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1398,50557,5400,50559,329,50561,2079],{"id":50558},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50560,44806],{},[15,50562,2531],{},[20,50564,50565,50567,50568,50570],{},[15,50566,2531],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50569,44806],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1398,50572,2062,50574,50576],{"id":50573},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50575,44806],{}," convert a value?",[20,50578,50579],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[31,50581,2114],{"id":2113},[258,50583,50584,50590,50594,50599,50604],{},[261,50585,50586],{},[277,50587,3802,50588,3735],{"href":2528},[15,50589,2531],{},[261,50591,50592],{},[277,50593,44798],{"href":48980},[261,50595,50596],{},[277,50597,50598],{"href":3193},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[261,50600,50601],{},[277,50602,50603],{"href":48983},"What is a data type in Python?",[261,50605,50606],{},[277,50607,50526,50608],{"href":50525},[15,50609,50529],{},[2154,50611,50612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":50614},[50615,50616,50618,50621,50625,50626,50631,50637,50645,50646,50656],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":48919,"depth":121,"text":50617},"What isinstance() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":50619},[50620],{"id":49011,"depth":142,"text":49012},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640,"children":50622},[50623,50624],{"id":49099,"depth":142,"text":49100},{"id":49170,"depth":142,"text":49171},{"id":49257,"depth":121,"text":49258},{"id":49454,"depth":121,"text":50627,"children":50628},"isinstance() vs type()",[50629,50630],{"id":49470,"depth":142,"text":49473},{"id":49512,"depth":142,"text":49515},{"id":49573,"depth":121,"text":49574,"children":50632},[50633,50634,50635,50636],{"id":49582,"depth":142,"text":49583},{"id":49764,"depth":142,"text":49765},{"id":49891,"depth":142,"text":49892},{"id":49969,"depth":142,"text":49970},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":50638},[50639,50641,50642,50644],{"id":50059,"depth":142,"text":50640},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50142,"depth":142,"text":50143},{"id":50227,"depth":142,"text":50643},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50311,"depth":142,"text":50312},{"id":26099,"depth":121,"text":26100},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":50647},[50648,50650,50652,50654],{"id":50534,"depth":142,"text":50649},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50546,"depth":142,"text":50651},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50558,"depth":142,"text":50653},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50573,"depth":142,"text":50655},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48820,"description":50657},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50663,"title":50664,"body":50665,"description":52638,"extension":2195,"meta":52639,"navigation":145,"path":52640,"seo":52641,"stem":52642,"__hash__":52643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50666,"toc":52613},[50667,50670,50675,50680,50694,50697,50699,50774,50779,50783,50788,50791,50805,50807,50973,50986,50988,50990,51005,51008,51011,51024,51026,51124,51128,51134,51137,51146,51148,51183,51188,51209,51214,51219,51251,51254,51311,51315,51321,51324,51377,51379,51419,51422,51490,51493,51544,51551,51555,51561,51646,51652,51658,51707,51710,51713,51763,51765,51770,51774,51824,51828,51875,51879,51956,51960,52025,52028,52032,52037,52042,52054,52056,52075,52081,52084,52103,52108,52135,52142,52146,52152,52155,52250,52253,52256,52305,52310,52312,52316,52351,52354,52411,52421,52424,52458,52461,52463,52467,52470,52474,52477,52481,52484,52488,52501,52505,52510,52512,52562,52574,52576,52610],[10,50668,50664],{"id":50669},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50671,9341,50672,50674],{},[15,50673,42360],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50676,35399,50677,50679],{},[15,50678,42360],{}," to count:",[258,50681,50682,50685,50688,50691],{},[261,50683,50684],{},"characters in a string",[261,50686,50687],{},"items in a list or tuple",[261,50689,50690],{},"keys in a dictionary",[261,50692,50693],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50695,50696],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[31,50698,34],{"id":33},[36,50700,50702],{"className":38,"code":50701,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50703,50704,50716,50736,50740,50757],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50705,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50707,34680],{"class":51},[45,50709,56],{"class":55},[45,50711,76],{"class":63},[45,50713,4073],{"class":67},[45,50715,468],{"class":63},[45,50717,50718,50720,50722,50724,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50719,8001],{"class":51},[45,50721,56],{"class":55},[45,50723,1427],{"class":59},[45,50725,2560],{"class":96},[45,50727,84],{"class":59},[45,50729,97],{"class":96},[45,50731,84],{"class":59},[45,50733,8016],{"class":96},[45,50735,244],{"class":59},[45,50737,50738],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,50739,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,50741,50742,50744,50746,50748,50750,50752,50754],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,50743,153],{"class":152},[45,50745,156],{"class":59},[45,50747,11369],{"class":152},[45,50749,156],{"class":59},[45,50751,34701],{"class":135},[45,50753,5582],{"class":59},[45,50755,50756],{"class":1712},"   # 5\n",[45,50758,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,50760,153],{"class":152},[45,50762,156],{"class":59},[45,50764,11369],{"class":152},[45,50766,156],{"class":59},[45,50768,1289],{"class":135},[45,50770,5582],{"class":59},[45,50772,50773],{"class":1712},"  # 3\n",[20,50775,1006,50776,50778],{},[15,50777,42360],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[31,50780,50782],{"id":50781},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50784,50785,50787],{},[15,50786,42360],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50789,50790],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[258,50792,50793,50796,50799,50802],{},[261,50794,50795],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[261,50797,50798],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[261,50800,50801],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[261,50803,50804],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50806,361],{},[36,50808,50810],{"className":38,"code":50809,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50811,50812,50824,50849,50881,50901,50905,50922,50939,50956],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50813,50814,50816,50818,50820,50822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50815,8097],{"class":51},[45,50817,56],{"class":55},[45,50819,76],{"class":63},[45,50821,7898],{"class":67},[45,50823,468],{"class":63},[45,50825,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842,50844,50847],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,50827,3846],{"class":51},[45,50829,56],{"class":55},[45,50831,1427],{"class":59},[45,50833,2560],{"class":96},[45,50835,84],{"class":59},[45,50837,97],{"class":96},[45,50839,84],{"class":59},[45,50841,8016],{"class":96},[45,50843,84],{"class":59},[45,50845,50846],{"class":96}," 40",[45,50848,244],{"class":59},[45,50850,50851,50853,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,50852,1909],{"class":51},[45,50854,56],{"class":55},[45,50856,60],{"class":59},[45,50858,64],{"class":63},[45,50860,277],{"class":67},[45,50862,64],{"class":63},[45,50864,73],{"class":59},[45,50866,1049],{"class":96},[45,50868,84],{"class":59},[45,50870,76],{"class":63},[45,50872,1930],{"class":67},[45,50874,64],{"class":63},[45,50876,73],{"class":59},[45,50878,1035],{"class":96},[45,50880,118],{"class":59},[45,50882,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,50884,124],{"class":51},[45,50886,56],{"class":55},[45,50888,60],{"class":59},[45,50890,2366],{"class":96},[45,50892,84],{"class":59},[45,50894,37640],{"class":96},[45,50896,84],{"class":59},[45,50898,6214],{"class":96},[45,50900,118],{"class":59},[45,50902,50903],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,50904,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,50906,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,50908,153],{"class":152},[45,50910,156],{"class":59},[45,50912,11369],{"class":152},[45,50914,156],{"class":59},[45,50916,68],{"class":135},[45,50918,5582],{"class":59},[45,50920,50921],{"class":1712},"     # 3\n",[45,50923,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934,50936],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,50925,153],{"class":152},[45,50927,156],{"class":59},[45,50929,11369],{"class":152},[45,50931,156],{"class":59},[45,50933,3876],{"class":135},[45,50935,5582],{"class":59},[45,50937,50938],{"class":1712},"  # 4\n",[45,50940,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,50942,153],{"class":152},[45,50944,156],{"class":59},[45,50946,11369],{"class":152},[45,50948,156],{"class":59},[45,50950,1947],{"class":135},[45,50952,5582],{"class":59},[45,50954,50955],{"class":1712},"     # 2\n",[45,50957,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,50959,153],{"class":152},[45,50961,156],{"class":59},[45,50963,11369],{"class":152},[45,50965,156],{"class":59},[45,50967,136],{"class":135},[45,50969,5582],{"class":59},[45,50971,50972],{"class":1712},"   # 3\n",[20,50974,50975,50976,2419,50980,17257,50984,132],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[277,50977,50979],{"href":50978},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[277,50981,50983],{"href":50982},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[277,50985,9374],{"href":9373},[31,50987,284],{"id":283},[20,50989,2389],{},[36,50991,50993],{"className":38,"code":50992,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"len(object)\n",[15,50994,50995],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,50998,11369],{"class":152},[45,51000,156],{"class":59},[45,51002,42398],{"class":171},[45,51004,161],{"class":59},[20,51006,51007],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51009,51010],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[258,51012,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021],{},[261,51014,37904],{},[261,51016,37898],{},[261,51018,37901],{},[261,51020,37907],{},[261,51022,51023],{},"a dictionary",[20,51025,361],{},[36,51027,51029],{"className":38,"code":51028,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51030,51031,51052,51076,51098],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51032,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51034,153],{"class":152},[45,51036,156],{"class":59},[45,51038,11369],{"class":152},[45,51040,156],{"class":59},[45,51042,64],{"class":63},[45,51044,40],{"class":67},[45,51046,64],{"class":63},[45,51048,5582],{"class":59},[45,51050,51051],{"class":1712},"      # 6\n",[45,51053,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51055,153],{"class":152},[45,51057,156],{"class":59},[45,51059,11369],{"class":152},[45,51061,195],{"class":59},[45,51063,1430],{"class":96},[45,51065,84],{"class":59},[45,51067,1035],{"class":96},[45,51069,84],{"class":59},[45,51071,1063],{"class":96},[45,51073,4959],{"class":59},[45,51075,50921],{"class":1712},[45,51077,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086,51088,51090,51092,51095],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51079,153],{"class":152},[45,51081,156],{"class":59},[45,51083,11369],{"class":152},[45,51085,5731],{"class":59},[45,51087,2560],{"class":96},[45,51089,84],{"class":59},[45,51091,97],{"class":96},[45,51093,51094],{"class":59},")))",[45,51096,51097],{"class":1712},"      # 2\n",[45,51099,51100,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51121],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51101,153],{"class":152},[45,51103,156],{"class":59},[45,51105,11369],{"class":152},[45,51107,5750],{"class":59},[45,51109,64],{"class":63},[45,51111,2403],{"class":67},[45,51113,64],{"class":63},[45,51115,73],{"class":59},[45,51117,1049],{"class":96},[45,51119,51120],{"class":59},"}))",[45,51122,51123],{"class":1712},"      # 1\n",[31,51125,51127],{"id":51126},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51129,51130,51131,51133],{},"When you use ",[15,51132,42360],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51135,51136],{},"That includes:",[258,51138,51139,51141,51143],{},[261,51140,36138],{},[261,51142,10663],{},[261,51144,51145],{},"punctuation",[20,51147,361],{},[36,51149,51151],{"className":38,"code":51150,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51152,51153,51166],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51154,51155,51157,51159,51161,51164],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51156,34680],{"class":51},[45,51158,56],{"class":55},[45,51160,76],{"class":63},[45,51162,51163],{"class":67},"Hi there!",[45,51165,468],{"class":63},[45,51167,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51169,153],{"class":152},[45,51171,156],{"class":59},[45,51173,11369],{"class":152},[45,51175,156],{"class":59},[45,51177,34701],{"class":135},[45,51179,5582],{"class":59},[45,51181,51182],{"class":1712},"  # 9\n",[20,51184,51185,51186,2079],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51187,2374],{},[258,51189,51190,51196,51200,51203],{},[261,51191,51192,51195],{},[15,51193,51194],{},"H"," = 1",[261,51197,51198,51195],{},[15,51199,36149],{},[261,51201,51202],{},"space = 1",[261,51204,51205,51208],{},[15,51206,51207],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51210,51211,51212],{},"Total: ",[15,51213,2374],{},[20,51215,51216,51217,73],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51218,1117],{},[36,51220,51222],{"className":38,"code":51221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51223,51224,51233],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51225,51226,51229,51231],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51227,51228],{"class":51},"empty_text ",[45,51230,56],{"class":55},[45,51232,8102],{"class":63},[45,51234,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51246,51248],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51236,153],{"class":152},[45,51238,156],{"class":59},[45,51240,11369],{"class":152},[45,51242,156],{"class":59},[45,51244,51245],{"class":135},"empty_text",[45,51247,5582],{"class":59},[45,51249,51250],{"class":1712},"  # 0\n",[20,51252,51253],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[36,51255,51257],{"className":38,"code":51256,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51258,51259,51272,51276,51296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51260,51261,51264,51266,51268,51270],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51262,51263],{"class":51},"user_name ",[45,51265,56],{"class":55},[45,51267,76],{"class":63},[45,51269,5228],{"class":67},[45,51271,468],{"class":63},[45,51273,51274],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51275,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,51277,51278,51280,51282,51284,51287,51289,51292,51294],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51279,7219],{"class":921},[45,51281,38383],{"class":152},[45,51283,156],{"class":59},[45,51285,51286],{"class":135},"user_name",[45,51288,3889],{"class":59},[45,51290,51291],{"class":55}," >=",[45,51293,1063],{"class":96},[45,51295,6614],{"class":59},[45,51297,51298,51300,51302,51304,51307,51309],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51299,942],{"class":152},[45,51301,156],{"class":59},[45,51303,64],{"class":63},[45,51305,51306],{"class":67},"Name is long enough",[45,51308,64],{"class":63},[45,51310,161],{"class":59},[31,51312,51314],{"id":51313},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51316,51317,51318,51320],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51319,42360],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51322,51323],{},"Example with a list:",[36,51325,51327],{"className":38,"code":51326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51328,51329,51361],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51330,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345,51347,51349,51351,51353,51355,51357,51359],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51332,13274],{"class":51},[45,51334,56],{"class":55},[45,51336,1427],{"class":59},[45,51338,64],{"class":63},[45,51340,13291],{"class":67},[45,51342,64],{"class":63},[45,51344,84],{"class":59},[45,51346,76],{"class":63},[45,51348,17637],{"class":67},[45,51350,64],{"class":63},[45,51352,84],{"class":59},[45,51354,76],{"class":63},[45,51356,703],{"class":67},[45,51358,64],{"class":63},[45,51360,244],{"class":59},[45,51362,51363,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51364,153],{"class":152},[45,51366,156],{"class":59},[45,51368,11369],{"class":152},[45,51370,156],{"class":59},[45,51372,17684],{"class":135},[45,51374,5582],{"class":59},[45,51376,50773],{"class":1712},[20,51378,37913],{},[36,51380,51382],{"className":38,"code":51381,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51383,51384,51401],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51385,51386,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51387,51388],{"class":51},"point ",[45,51390,56],{"class":55},[45,51392,9453],{"class":59},[45,51394,2560],{"class":96},[45,51396,84],{"class":59},[45,51398,97],{"class":96},[45,51400,161],{"class":59},[45,51402,51403,51405,51407,51409,51411,51414,51416],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51404,153],{"class":152},[45,51406,156],{"class":59},[45,51408,11369],{"class":152},[45,51410,156],{"class":59},[45,51412,51413],{"class":135},"point",[45,51415,5582],{"class":59},[45,51417,51418],{"class":1712},"  # 2\n",[20,51420,51421],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[36,51423,51425],{"className":38,"code":51424,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51426,51427,51451,51455,51473],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51428,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51439,51441,51443,51445,51447,51449],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51430,8001],{"class":51},[45,51432,56],{"class":55},[45,51434,1427],{"class":59},[45,51436,64],{"class":63},[45,51438,1028],{"class":67},[45,51440,64],{"class":63},[45,51442,84],{"class":59},[45,51444,76],{"class":63},[45,51446,1042],{"class":67},[45,51448,64],{"class":63},[45,51450,244],{"class":59},[45,51452,51453],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51454,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,51456,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465,51467,51469,51471],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51458,7219],{"class":921},[45,51460,38383],{"class":152},[45,51462,156],{"class":59},[45,51464,1289],{"class":135},[45,51466,3889],{"class":59},[45,51468,38393],{"class":55},[45,51470,1049],{"class":96},[45,51472,6614],{"class":59},[45,51474,51475,51477,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51476,942],{"class":152},[45,51478,156],{"class":59},[45,51480,1289],{"class":135},[45,51482,223],{"class":59},[45,51484,1430],{"class":96},[45,51486,20624],{"class":59},[45,51488,51489],{"class":1712},"  # banana\n",[20,51491,51492],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[36,51494,51496],{"className":38,"code":51495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51497,51498,51521],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51499,51500,51502,51504,51506,51509,51511,51514,51516,51519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51501,866],{"class":51},[45,51503,56],{"class":55},[45,51505,1427],{"class":59},[45,51507,51508],{"class":96},"88",[45,51510,84],{"class":59},[45,51512,51513],{"class":96}," 91",[45,51515,84],{"class":59},[45,51517,51518],{"class":96}," 75",[45,51520,244],{"class":59},[45,51522,51523,51525,51527,51529,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540,51542],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51524,153],{"class":152},[45,51526,156],{"class":59},[45,51528,64],{"class":63},[45,51530,51531],{"class":67},"Number of scores:",[45,51533,64],{"class":63},[45,51535,84],{"class":59},[45,51537,38383],{"class":152},[45,51539,156],{"class":59},[45,51541,16582],{"class":135},[45,51543,179],{"class":59},[20,51545,51546,51547,132],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[277,51548,51550],{"href":51549},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[31,51552,51554],{"id":51553},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51556,51557,51558,51560],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51559,42360],{}," counts keys.",[36,51562,51564],{"className":38,"code":51563,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51565,51566,51574,51592,51606,51622,51626,51630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51567,51568,51570,51572],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51569,52],{"class":51},[45,51571,56],{"class":55},[45,51573,11695],{"class":59},[45,51575,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586,51588,51590],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51577,11700],{"class":63},[45,51579,68],{"class":67},[45,51581,64],{"class":63},[45,51583,73],{"class":59},[45,51585,76],{"class":63},[45,51587,388],{"class":67},[45,51589,64],{"class":63},[45,51591,11716],{"class":59},[45,51593,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51595,11700],{"class":63},[45,51597,89],{"class":67},[45,51599,64],{"class":63},[45,51601,73],{"class":59},[45,51603,31097],{"class":96},[45,51605,11716],{"class":59},[45,51607,51608,51610,51612,51614,51616,51618,51620],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51609,11700],{"class":63},[45,51611,20070],{"class":67},[45,51613,64],{"class":63},[45,51615,73],{"class":59},[45,51617,76],{"class":63},[45,51619,22420],{"class":67},[45,51621,468],{"class":63},[45,51623,51624],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,51625,118],{"class":59},[45,51627,51628],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,51629,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,51631,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640,51642,51644],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,51633,153],{"class":152},[45,51635,156],{"class":59},[45,51637,11369],{"class":152},[45,51639,156],{"class":59},[45,51641,1255],{"class":135},[45,51643,5582],{"class":59},[45,51645,50773],{"class":1712},[20,51647,51648,51649,51651],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51650,42360],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51653,51654,51655,51657],{},"For sets, ",[15,51656,42360],{}," counts unique items:",[36,51659,51661],{"className":38,"code":51660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51662,51663,51691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51664,51665,51667,51669,51671,51673,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685,51687,51689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51666,3846],{"class":51},[45,51668,56],{"class":55},[45,51670,60],{"class":59},[45,51672,1430],{"class":96},[45,51674,84],{"class":59},[45,51676,1035],{"class":96},[45,51678,84],{"class":59},[45,51680,1063],{"class":96},[45,51682,84],{"class":59},[45,51684,1063],{"class":96},[45,51686,84],{"class":59},[45,51688,1035],{"class":96},[45,51690,118],{"class":59},[45,51692,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51694,153],{"class":152},[45,51696,156],{"class":59},[45,51698,11369],{"class":152},[45,51700,156],{"class":59},[45,51702,3876],{"class":135},[45,51704,5582],{"class":59},[45,51706,50773],{"class":1712},[20,51708,51709],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51711,51712],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[36,51714,51716],{"className":38,"code":51715,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51717,51718,51726,51730,51748],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51719,51720,51722,51724],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51721,1909],{"class":51},[45,51723,56],{"class":55},[45,51725,10050],{"class":59},[45,51727,51728],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51729,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,51731,51732,51734,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51733,7219],{"class":921},[45,51735,38383],{"class":152},[45,51737,156],{"class":59},[45,51739,1947],{"class":135},[45,51741,3889],{"class":59},[45,51743,6629],{"class":55},[45,51745,4061],{"class":96},[45,51747,6614],{"class":59},[45,51749,51750,51752,51754,51756,51759,51761],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51751,942],{"class":152},[45,51753,156],{"class":59},[45,51755,64],{"class":63},[45,51757,51758],{"class":67},"The dictionary is empty",[45,51760,64],{"class":63},[45,51762,161],{"class":59},[31,51764,41044],{"id":41043},[20,51766,51767,51768,132],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51769,42360],{},[1398,51771,51773],{"id":51772},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[36,51775,51777],{"className":38,"code":51776,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51778,51779,51787,51791,51809],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51780,51781,51783,51785],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51782,8001],{"class":51},[45,51784,56],{"class":55},[45,51786,8059],{"class":59},[45,51788,51789],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51790,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,51792,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51794,7219],{"class":921},[45,51796,38383],{"class":152},[45,51798,156],{"class":59},[45,51800,1289],{"class":135},[45,51802,3889],{"class":59},[45,51804,6629],{"class":55},[45,51806,4061],{"class":96},[45,51808,6614],{"class":59},[45,51810,51811,51813,51815,51817,51820,51822],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51812,942],{"class":152},[45,51814,156],{"class":59},[45,51816,64],{"class":63},[45,51818,51819],{"class":67},"The list is empty",[45,51821,64],{"class":63},[45,51823,161],{"class":59},[1398,51825,51827],{"id":51826},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[36,51829,51831],{"className":38,"code":51830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51832,51833,51852],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51834,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51848,51850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51836,6375],{"class":51},[45,51838,56],{"class":55},[45,51840,8461],{"class":152},[45,51842,156],{"class":59},[45,51844,64],{"class":63},[45,51846,51847],{"class":67},"Enter a word: ",[45,51849,64],{"class":63},[45,51851,161],{"class":59},[45,51853,51854,51856,51858,51860,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51855,153],{"class":152},[45,51857,156],{"class":59},[45,51859,64],{"class":63},[45,51861,51862],{"class":67},"Number of characters:",[45,51864,64],{"class":63},[45,51866,84],{"class":59},[45,51868,38383],{"class":152},[45,51870,156],{"class":59},[45,51872,38388],{"class":135},[45,51874,179],{"class":59},[1398,51876,51878],{"id":51877},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[36,51880,51882],{"className":38,"code":51881,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51883,51884,51898,51902,51920,51935,51941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51885,51886,51889,51891,51893,51896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51887,51888],{"class":51},"password ",[45,51890,56],{"class":55},[45,51892,76],{"class":63},[45,51894,51895],{"class":67},"secret123",[45,51897,468],{"class":63},[45,51899,51900],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,51901,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,51903,51904,51906,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,51905,7219],{"class":921},[45,51907,38383],{"class":152},[45,51909,156],{"class":59},[45,51911,17803],{"class":135},[45,51913,3889],{"class":59},[45,51915,51291],{"class":55},[45,51917,6580],{"class":96},[45,51919,6614],{"class":59},[45,51921,51922,51924,51926,51928,51931,51933],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,51923,942],{"class":152},[45,51925,156],{"class":59},[45,51927,64],{"class":63},[45,51929,51930],{"class":67},"Password length is valid",[45,51932,64],{"class":63},[45,51934,161],{"class":59},[45,51936,51937,51939],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,51938,27590],{"class":921},[45,51940,6614],{"class":59},[45,51942,51943,51945,51947,51949,51952,51954],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,51944,942],{"class":152},[45,51946,156],{"class":59},[45,51948,64],{"class":63},[45,51950,51951],{"class":67},"Password is too short",[45,51953,64],{"class":63},[45,51955,161],{"class":59},[1398,51957,51959],{"id":51958},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[36,51961,51963],{"className":38,"code":51962,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51964,51965,52001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,51966,51967,51970,51972,51974,51976,51979,51981,51983,51985,51988,51990,51992,51994,51997,51999],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,51968,51969],{"class":51},"results ",[45,51971,56],{"class":55},[45,51973,1427],{"class":59},[45,51975,64],{"class":63},[45,51977,51978],{"class":67},"item1",[45,51980,64],{"class":63},[45,51982,84],{"class":59},[45,51984,76],{"class":63},[45,51986,51987],{"class":67},"item2",[45,51989,64],{"class":63},[45,51991,84],{"class":59},[45,51993,76],{"class":63},[45,51995,51996],{"class":67},"item3",[45,51998,64],{"class":63},[45,52000,244],{"class":59},[45,52002,52003,52005,52007,52009,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52023],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52004,153],{"class":152},[45,52006,156],{"class":59},[45,52008,64],{"class":63},[45,52010,52011],{"class":67},"Items found:",[45,52013,64],{"class":63},[45,52015,84],{"class":59},[45,52017,38383],{"class":152},[45,52019,156],{"class":59},[45,52021,52022],{"class":135},"results",[45,52024,179],{"class":59},[20,52026,52027],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[31,52029,52031],{"id":52030},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52033,52034,52036],{},[15,52035,42360],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52038,52039,52040,73],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52041,3235],{},[258,52043,52044,52047,52050],{},[261,52045,52046],{},"plain integers",[261,52048,52049],{},"floats",[261,52051,52052],{},[15,52053,4006],{},[20,52055,361],{},[36,52057,52059],{"className":38,"code":52058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52060,52061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52062,52063,52065,52067,52069,52071,52073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52064,153],{"class":152},[45,52066,156],{"class":59},[45,52068,11369],{"class":152},[45,52070,156],{"class":59},[45,52072,2366],{"class":96},[45,52074,179],{"class":59},[20,52076,52077,52078,52080],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52079,2366],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52082,52083],{},"Another example:",[36,52085,52087],{"className":38,"code":52086,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52088,52089],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52090,52091,52093,52095,52097,52099,52101],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52092,153],{"class":152},[45,52094,156],{"class":59},[45,52096,11369],{"class":152},[45,52098,156],{"class":59},[45,52100,40141],{"class":96},[45,52102,179],{"class":59},[20,52104,52105,52106,73],{},"And with ",[15,52107,4006],{},[36,52109,52111],{"className":38,"code":52110,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52112,52113,52121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52114,52115,52117,52119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52116,2677],{"class":51},[45,52118,56],{"class":55},[45,52120,48529],{"class":4080},[45,52122,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52124,153],{"class":152},[45,52126,156],{"class":59},[45,52128,11369],{"class":152},[45,52130,156],{"class":59},[45,52132,947],{"class":135},[45,52134,179],{"class":59},[20,52136,52137,52138,132],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[277,52139,52141],{"href":52140},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[31,52143,52145],{"id":52144},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52147,52148,52149,52151],{},"Before using ",[15,52150,42360],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52153,52154],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[36,52156,52158],{"className":38,"code":52157,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52159,52160,52168,52172,52182,52196,52214,52232],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52161,52162,52164,52166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52163,2677],{"class":51},[45,52165,56],{"class":55},[45,52167,48529],{"class":4080},[45,52169,52170],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52171,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,52173,52174,52176,52178,52180],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,52175,153],{"class":152},[45,52177,156],{"class":59},[45,52179,947],{"class":135},[45,52181,161],{"class":59},[45,52183,52184,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,52185,153],{"class":152},[45,52187,156],{"class":59},[45,52189,1478],{"class":171},[45,52191,156],{"class":59},[45,52193,947],{"class":135},[45,52195,179],{"class":59},[45,52197,52198,52200,52202,52204,52206,52208,52210,52212],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,52199,153],{"class":152},[45,52201,156],{"class":59},[45,52203,48877],{"class":152},[45,52205,156],{"class":59},[45,52207,947],{"class":135},[45,52209,84],{"class":59},[45,52211,48906],{"class":171},[45,52213,179],{"class":59},[45,52215,52216,52218,52220,52222,52224,52226,52228,52230],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,52217,153],{"class":152},[45,52219,156],{"class":59},[45,52221,48877],{"class":152},[45,52223,156],{"class":59},[45,52225,947],{"class":135},[45,52227,84],{"class":59},[45,52229,587],{"class":171},[45,52231,179],{"class":59},[45,52233,52234,52236,52238,52240,52242,52244,52246,52248],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,52235,153],{"class":152},[45,52237,156],{"class":59},[45,52239,48877],{"class":152},[45,52241,156],{"class":59},[45,52243,947],{"class":135},[45,52245,84],{"class":59},[45,52247,9388],{"class":171},[45,52249,179],{"class":59},[20,52251,52252],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52254,52255],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[36,52257,52259],{"className":38,"code":52258,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52260,52261,52273,52277,52291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52262,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52264,2677],{"class":51},[45,52266,56],{"class":55},[45,52268,76],{"class":63},[45,52270,4073],{"class":67},[45,52272,468],{"class":63},[45,52274,52275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52276,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,52278,52279,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,52280,7219],{"class":921},[45,52282,924],{"class":51},[45,52284,12395],{"class":55},[45,52286,8318],{"class":55},[45,52288,4081],{"class":4080},[45,52290,6614],{"class":59},[45,52292,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,52294,942],{"class":152},[45,52296,156],{"class":59},[45,52298,11369],{"class":152},[45,52300,156],{"class":59},[45,52302,947],{"class":135},[45,52304,179],{"class":59},[20,52306,52307,52308,132],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[277,52309,8659],{"href":2528},[31,52311,3061],{"id":3060},[20,52313,23267,52314,73],{},[15,52315,42360],{},[258,52317,52318,52326,52334,52342,52348],{},[261,52319,1797,52320,52322,52323],{},[15,52321,42360],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52324,52325],{},"len(5)",[261,52327,1797,52328,52330,52331],{},[15,52329,42360],{}," on a float like ",[15,52332,52333],{},"len(3.14)",[261,52335,1797,52336,52338,52339,52341],{},[15,52337,42360],{}," on ",[15,52340,4006],{}," after a function returns nothing",[261,52343,1503,52344,52347],{},[15,52345,52346],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[261,52349,52350],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52352,52353],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[36,52355,52357],{"className":38,"code":52356,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52358,52359,52395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52360,52361,52363,52365,52367,52369,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381,52383,52385,52387,52389,52391,52393],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52362,371],{"class":51},[45,52364,56],{"class":55},[45,52366,60],{"class":59},[45,52368,64],{"class":63},[45,52370,68],{"class":67},[45,52372,64],{"class":63},[45,52374,73],{"class":59},[45,52376,76],{"class":63},[45,52378,79],{"class":67},[45,52380,64],{"class":63},[45,52382,84],{"class":59},[45,52384,76],{"class":63},[45,52386,89],{"class":67},[45,52388,64],{"class":63},[45,52390,73],{"class":59},[45,52392,97],{"class":96},[45,52394,118],{"class":59},[45,52396,52397,52399,52401,52403,52405,52407,52409],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52398,153],{"class":152},[45,52400,156],{"class":59},[45,52402,11369],{"class":152},[45,52404,156],{"class":59},[45,52406,446],{"class":135},[45,52408,5582],{"class":59},[45,52410,51418],{"class":1712},[20,52412,37591,52413,52415,52416,329,52418,132],{},[15,52414,1133],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52417,15433],{},[15,52419,52420],{},"\"age\"",[20,52422,52423],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[36,52425,52427],{"className":38,"code":52426,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52428,52429,52442],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52430,52431,52433,52435,52437,52440],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52432,34680],{"class":51},[45,52434,56],{"class":55},[45,52436,76],{"class":63},[45,52438,52439],{"class":67},"a b",[45,52441,468],{"class":63},[45,52443,52444,52446,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52445,153],{"class":152},[45,52447,156],{"class":59},[45,52449,11369],{"class":152},[45,52451,156],{"class":59},[45,52453,34701],{"class":135},[45,52455,5582],{"class":59},[45,52457,50773],{"class":1712},[20,52459,52460],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[31,52462,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,52464,52466],{"id":52465},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52468,52469],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1398,52471,52473],{"id":52472},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52475,52476],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1398,52478,52480],{"id":52479},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52482,52483],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1398,52485,52487],{"id":52486},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52489,52490,52491,52493,52494,995,52496,52498,52499,132],{},"No. Using ",[15,52492,42360],{}," on an ",[15,52495,2418],{},[15,52497,2422],{}," raises a ",[15,52500,3235],{},[1398,52502,52504],{"id":52503},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52506,7984,52507,132],{},[15,52508,52509],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52511,361],{},[36,52513,52515],{"className":38,"code":52514,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52516,52517,52525,52529,52547],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52518,52519,52521,52523],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52520,1422],{"class":51},[45,52522,56],{"class":55},[45,52524,8059],{"class":59},[45,52526,52527],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52528,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,52530,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,52532,7219],{"class":921},[45,52534,38383],{"class":152},[45,52536,156],{"class":59},[45,52538,1449],{"class":135},[45,52540,3889],{"class":59},[45,52542,6629],{"class":55},[45,52544,4061],{"class":96},[45,52546,6614],{"class":59},[45,52548,52549,52551,52553,52555,52558,52560],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,52550,942],{"class":152},[45,52552,156],{"class":59},[45,52554,64],{"class":63},[45,52556,52557],{"class":67},"Empty list",[45,52559,64],{"class":63},[45,52561,161],{"class":59},[20,52563,52564,52565,52567,52568,52570,52571,52573],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52566,3902],{}," in an ",[15,52569,7219],{}," statement, but ",[15,52572,42360],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[31,52575,2114],{"id":2113},[258,52577,52578,52582,52586,52590,52595,52599,52605],{},[261,52579,52580],{},[277,52581,50979],{"href":50978},[261,52583,52584],{},[277,52585,50983],{"href":50982},[261,52587,52588],{},[277,52589,9374],{"href":9373},[261,52591,52592],{},[277,52593,52594],{"href":51549},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[261,52596,52597],{},[277,52598,8659],{"href":2528},[261,52600,52601],{},[277,52602,52604],{"href":52603},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[261,52606,52607],{},[277,52608,52609],{"href":52140},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2154,52611,52612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":52614},[52615,52616,52617,52618,52619,52620,52621,52627,52628,52629,52630,52637],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":50781,"depth":121,"text":50782},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":51126,"depth":121,"text":51127},{"id":51313,"depth":121,"text":51314},{"id":51553,"depth":121,"text":51554},{"id":41043,"depth":121,"text":41044,"children":52622},[52623,52624,52625,52626],{"id":51772,"depth":142,"text":51773},{"id":51826,"depth":142,"text":51827},{"id":51877,"depth":142,"text":51878},{"id":51958,"depth":142,"text":51959},{"id":52030,"depth":121,"text":52031},{"id":52144,"depth":121,"text":52145},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":52631},[52632,52633,52634,52635,52636],{"id":52465,"depth":142,"text":52466},{"id":52472,"depth":142,"text":52473},{"id":52479,"depth":142,"text":52480},{"id":52486,"depth":142,"text":52487},{"id":52503,"depth":142,"text":52504},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50664,"description":52638},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52645,"title":52646,"body":52647,"description":54332,"extension":2195,"meta":54333,"navigation":145,"path":54334,"seo":54335,"stem":54336,"__hash__":54337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52648,"toc":54305},[52649,52652,52666,52672,52674,52728,52733,52737,52753,52756,52770,52776,52778,52781,52800,52816,52818,52894,52896,52933,52944,52946,52949,53010,53012,53045,53048,53054,53058,53061,53186,53188,53247,53255,53308,53310,53337,53343,53353,53357,53360,53365,53417,53419,53445,53451,53505,53507,53532,53535,53559,53565,53567,53571,53573,53630,53632,53640,53642,53664,53666,53719,53721,53745,53749,53751,53790,53792,53800,53806,53810,53862,53864,53890,53898,53902,53907,53916,53918,53984,53986,54018,54022,54027,54029,54043,54046,54119,54121,54147,54149,54153,54160,54164,54171,54175,54178,54180,54233,54235,54261,54265,54274,54276,54302],[10,52650,52646],{"id":52651},"python-list-append-method",[20,52653,2212,52654,52657,52658,52661,52662,52665],{},[15,52655,52656],{},"append()"," method adds ",[355,52659,52660],{},"one item"," to the ",[355,52663,52664],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52667,52668,52669,52671],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[355,52670,4854],{}," create a new list.",[31,52673,3836],{"id":3835},[36,52675,52677],{"className":38,"code":52676,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52678,52679,52699,52713,52723],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52680,52681,52683,52685,52687,52689,52691,52693,52695,52697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52682,3846],{"class":51},[45,52684,56],{"class":55},[45,52686,1427],{"class":59},[45,52688,1430],{"class":96},[45,52690,84],{"class":59},[45,52692,1035],{"class":96},[45,52694,84],{"class":59},[45,52696,1063],{"class":96},[45,52698,244],{"class":59},[45,52700,52701,52703,52705,52707,52709,52711],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52702,3876],{"class":51},[45,52704,132],{"class":59},[45,52706,13746],{"class":135},[45,52708,156],{"class":59},[45,52710,2734],{"class":96},[45,52712,161],{"class":59},[45,52714,52715,52717,52719,52721],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,52716,153],{"class":152},[45,52718,156],{"class":59},[45,52720,3876],{"class":135},[45,52722,161],{"class":59},[45,52724,52725],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,52726,52727],{"class":1712},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52729,1006,52730,52732],{},[15,52731,52656],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[31,52734,52736],{"id":52735},"what-append-does","What append() does",[258,52738,52739,52744,52747,52750],{},[261,52740,52741,52743],{},[15,52742,52656],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[261,52745,52746],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[261,52748,52749],{},"It does not create a new list",[261,52751,52752],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52754,52755],{},"This means you can append:",[258,52757,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768],{},[261,52759,3876],{},[261,52761,5530],{},[261,52763,40592],{},[261,52765,5521],{},[261,52767,7472],{},[261,52769,34654],{},[20,52771,52772,52773,132],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[277,52774,52775],{"href":50982},"Python lists explained for beginners",[31,52777,5652],{"id":5651},[20,52779,52780],{},"Basic form:",[36,52782,52784],{"className":38,"code":52783,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52785,52786],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52787,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52789,1449],{"class":51},[45,52791,132],{"class":59},[45,52793,13746],{"class":135},[45,52795,156],{"class":59},[45,52797,23483],{"class":135},[45,52799,161],{"class":59},[258,52801,52802,52807,52812],{},[261,52803,52804,52806],{},[15,52805,1449],{}," is the list you want to change",[261,52808,52809,52811],{},[15,52810,23483],{}," is the value or object to add",[261,52813,12112,52814],{},[15,52815,4006],{},[20,52817,361],{},[36,52819,52821],{"className":38,"code":52820,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52822,52823,52847,52870,52874,52884],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52824,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52826,36234],{"class":51},[45,52828,56],{"class":55},[45,52830,1427],{"class":59},[45,52832,64],{"class":63},[45,52834,1028],{"class":67},[45,52836,64],{"class":63},[45,52838,84],{"class":59},[45,52840,76],{"class":63},[45,52842,1042],{"class":67},[45,52844,64],{"class":63},[45,52846,244],{"class":59},[45,52848,52849,52851,52853,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52850,716],{"class":51},[45,52852,56],{"class":55},[45,52854,52855],{"class":51}," fruits",[45,52857,132],{"class":59},[45,52859,13746],{"class":135},[45,52861,156],{"class":59},[45,52863,64],{"class":63},[45,52865,1056],{"class":67},[45,52867,64],{"class":63},[45,52869,161],{"class":59},[45,52871,52872],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,52873,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,52877,153],{"class":152},[45,52879,156],{"class":59},[45,52881,36286],{"class":135},[45,52883,161],{"class":59},[45,52885,52886,52888,52890,52892],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,52887,153],{"class":152},[45,52889,156],{"class":59},[45,52891,740],{"class":135},[45,52893,161],{"class":59},[20,52895,182],{},[36,52897,52899],{"className":38,"code":52898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52900,52901,52929],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52902,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52904,223],{"class":59},[45,52906,198],{"class":63},[45,52908,1028],{"class":67},[45,52910,198],{"class":63},[45,52912,84],{"class":59},[45,52914,211],{"class":63},[45,52916,1042],{"class":67},[45,52918,198],{"class":63},[45,52920,84],{"class":59},[45,52922,211],{"class":63},[45,52924,1056],{"class":67},[45,52926,198],{"class":63},[45,52928,244],{"class":59},[45,52930,52931],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52932,12009],{"class":4080},[20,52934,52935,52936,52938,52939,52941,52942,132],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52937,52656],{}," updates ",[15,52940,36286],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52943,4006],{},[31,52945,640],{"id":639},[20,52947,52948],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[36,52950,52952],{"className":38,"code":52951,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52953,52954,52978,52996,53000],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,52955,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964,52966,52968,52970,52972,52974,52976],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,52957,13274],{"class":51},[45,52959,56],{"class":55},[45,52961,1427],{"class":59},[45,52963,64],{"class":63},[45,52965,13291],{"class":67},[45,52967,64],{"class":63},[45,52969,84],{"class":59},[45,52971,76],{"class":63},[45,52973,703],{"class":67},[45,52975,64],{"class":63},[45,52977,244],{"class":59},[45,52979,52980,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,52981,17684],{"class":51},[45,52983,132],{"class":59},[45,52985,13746],{"class":135},[45,52987,156],{"class":59},[45,52989,64],{"class":63},[45,52991,17637],{"class":67},[45,52993,64],{"class":63},[45,52995,161],{"class":59},[45,52997,52998],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,52999,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53003,153],{"class":152},[45,53005,156],{"class":59},[45,53007,17684],{"class":135},[45,53009,161],{"class":59},[20,53011,182],{},[36,53013,53015],{"className":38,"code":53014,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53016,53017],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53018,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53020,223],{"class":59},[45,53022,198],{"class":63},[45,53024,13291],{"class":67},[45,53026,198],{"class":63},[45,53028,84],{"class":59},[45,53030,211],{"class":63},[45,53032,703],{"class":67},[45,53034,198],{"class":63},[45,53036,84],{"class":59},[45,53038,211],{"class":63},[45,53040,17637],{"class":67},[45,53042,198],{"class":63},[45,53044,244],{"class":59},[20,53046,53047],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53049,31237,53050,132],{},[277,53051,53053],{"href":53052},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[31,53055,53057],{"id":53056},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53059,53060],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[36,53062,53064],{"className":38,"code":53063,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53065,53066,53074,53078,53092,53110,53124,53150,53172,53176],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53067,53068,53070,53072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53069,8001],{"class":51},[45,53071,56],{"class":55},[45,53073,8059],{"class":59},[45,53075,53076],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53077,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53079,53080,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53081,1289],{"class":51},[45,53083,132],{"class":59},[45,53085,13746],{"class":135},[45,53087,156],{"class":59},[45,53089,2560],{"class":96},[45,53091,161],{"class":59},[45,53093,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102,53104,53106,53108],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53095,1289],{"class":51},[45,53097,132],{"class":59},[45,53099,13746],{"class":135},[45,53101,156],{"class":59},[45,53103,64],{"class":63},[45,53105,4073],{"class":67},[45,53107,64],{"class":63},[45,53109,161],{"class":59},[45,53111,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,53113,1289],{"class":51},[45,53115,132],{"class":59},[45,53117,13746],{"class":135},[45,53119,156],{"class":59},[45,53121,3831],{"class":4080},[45,53123,161],{"class":59},[45,53125,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142,53144,53146,53148],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,53127,1289],{"class":51},[45,53129,132],{"class":59},[45,53131,13746],{"class":135},[45,53133,5750],{"class":59},[45,53135,64],{"class":63},[45,53137,68],{"class":67},[45,53139,64],{"class":63},[45,53141,73],{"class":59},[45,53143,76],{"class":63},[45,53145,7898],{"class":67},[45,53147,64],{"class":63},[45,53149,30651],{"class":59},[45,53151,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168,53170],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,53153,1289],{"class":51},[45,53155,132],{"class":59},[45,53157,13746],{"class":135},[45,53159,195],{"class":59},[45,53161,1430],{"class":96},[45,53163,84],{"class":59},[45,53165,1035],{"class":96},[45,53167,84],{"class":59},[45,53169,1063],{"class":96},[45,53171,218],{"class":59},[45,53173,53174],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,53175,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53177,53178,53180,53182,53184],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,53179,153],{"class":152},[45,53181,156],{"class":59},[45,53183,1289],{"class":135},[45,53185,161],{"class":59},[20,53187,182],{},[36,53189,53191],{"className":38,"code":53190,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53192,53193],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53194,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53196,223],{"class":59},[45,53198,2560],{"class":96},[45,53200,84],{"class":59},[45,53202,211],{"class":63},[45,53204,4073],{"class":67},[45,53206,198],{"class":63},[45,53208,84],{"class":59},[45,53210,4142],{"class":4080},[45,53212,84],{"class":59},[45,53214,60],{"class":59},[45,53216,198],{"class":63},[45,53218,68],{"class":67},[45,53220,198],{"class":63},[45,53222,73],{"class":59},[45,53224,211],{"class":63},[45,53226,7898],{"class":67},[45,53228,198],{"class":63},[45,53230,53231],{"class":59},"},",[45,53233,1427],{"class":59},[45,53235,1430],{"class":96},[45,53237,84],{"class":59},[45,53239,1035],{"class":96},[45,53241,84],{"class":59},[45,53243,1063],{"class":96},[45,53245,53246],{"class":59},"]]\n",[20,53248,53249,53250,42154,53252,132],{},"A list added with ",[15,53251,52656],{},[355,53253,53254],{},"one single item",[36,53256,53258],{"className":38,"code":53257,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53259,53260,53276,53294,53298],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53261,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53263,3846],{"class":51},[45,53265,56],{"class":55},[45,53267,1427],{"class":59},[45,53269,1430],{"class":96},[45,53271,84],{"class":59},[45,53273,1035],{"class":96},[45,53275,244],{"class":59},[45,53277,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53279,3876],{"class":51},[45,53281,132],{"class":59},[45,53283,13746],{"class":135},[45,53285,195],{"class":59},[45,53287,2294],{"class":96},[45,53289,84],{"class":59},[45,53291,2687],{"class":96},[45,53293,218],{"class":59},[45,53295,53296],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53297,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53299,53300,53302,53304,53306],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53301,153],{"class":152},[45,53303,156],{"class":59},[45,53305,3876],{"class":135},[45,53307,161],{"class":59},[20,53309,182],{},[36,53311,53313],{"className":38,"code":53312,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53314,53315],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53316,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53318,223],{"class":59},[45,53320,1430],{"class":96},[45,53322,84],{"class":59},[45,53324,1035],{"class":96},[45,53326,84],{"class":59},[45,53328,1427],{"class":59},[45,53330,2294],{"class":96},[45,53332,84],{"class":59},[45,53334,2687],{"class":96},[45,53336,53246],{"class":59},[20,53338,2515,53339,53342],{},[15,53340,53341],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53344,53345,53346,53352],{},"This is different from ",[277,53347,53349],{"href":53348},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53350,53351],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[31,53354,53356],{"id":53355},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53358,53359],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1398,53361,1797,53363],{"id":53362},"using-append",[15,53364,52656],{},[36,53366,53367],{"className":38,"code":53257,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53368,53369,53385,53403,53407],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53370,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53372,3846],{"class":51},[45,53374,56],{"class":55},[45,53376,1427],{"class":59},[45,53378,1430],{"class":96},[45,53380,84],{"class":59},[45,53382,1035],{"class":96},[45,53384,244],{"class":59},[45,53386,53387,53389,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53388,3876],{"class":51},[45,53390,132],{"class":59},[45,53392,13746],{"class":135},[45,53394,195],{"class":59},[45,53396,2294],{"class":96},[45,53398,84],{"class":59},[45,53400,2687],{"class":96},[45,53402,218],{"class":59},[45,53404,53405],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53406,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53408,53409,53411,53413,53415],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53410,153],{"class":152},[45,53412,156],{"class":59},[45,53414,3876],{"class":135},[45,53416,161],{"class":59},[20,53418,182],{},[36,53420,53421],{"className":38,"code":53312,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53422,53423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53424,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433,53435,53437,53439,53441,53443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53426,223],{"class":59},[45,53428,1430],{"class":96},[45,53430,84],{"class":59},[45,53432,1035],{"class":96},[45,53434,84],{"class":59},[45,53436,1427],{"class":59},[45,53438,2294],{"class":96},[45,53440,84],{"class":59},[45,53442,2687],{"class":96},[45,53444,53246],{"class":59},[1398,53446,1797,53448],{"id":53447},"using-extend",[15,53449,53450],{},"extend()",[36,53452,53454],{"className":38,"code":53453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53455,53456,53472,53491,53495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53457,53458,53460,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53459,3846],{"class":51},[45,53461,56],{"class":55},[45,53463,1427],{"class":59},[45,53465,1430],{"class":96},[45,53467,84],{"class":59},[45,53469,1035],{"class":96},[45,53471,244],{"class":59},[45,53473,53474,53476,53478,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53475,3876],{"class":51},[45,53477,132],{"class":59},[45,53479,53480],{"class":135},"extend",[45,53482,195],{"class":59},[45,53484,2294],{"class":96},[45,53486,84],{"class":59},[45,53488,2687],{"class":96},[45,53490,218],{"class":59},[45,53492,53493],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53494,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53498,153],{"class":152},[45,53500,156],{"class":59},[45,53502,3876],{"class":135},[45,53504,161],{"class":59},[20,53506,182],{},[36,53508,53510],{"className":38,"code":53509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53511,53512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53513,53514,53516,53518,53520,53522,53524,53526,53528,53530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53515,223],{"class":59},[45,53517,1430],{"class":96},[45,53519,84],{"class":59},[45,53521,1035],{"class":96},[45,53523,84],{"class":59},[45,53525,1063],{"class":96},[45,53527,84],{"class":59},[45,53529,2687],{"class":96},[45,53531,244],{"class":59},[20,53533,53534],{},"The difference:",[258,53536,53537,53543,53549,53554],{},[261,53538,53539,53542],{},[15,53540,53541],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[261,53544,53545,53548],{},[15,53546,53547],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[261,53550,1006,53551,53553],{},[15,53552,52656],{}," for one item",[261,53555,1006,53556,53558],{},[15,53557,53450],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53560,53561,53562,132],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[277,53563,53564],{"href":53348},"Python list extend() method",[31,53566,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,53568,53570],{"id":53569},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53572,25848],{},[36,53574,53576],{"className":38,"code":53575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53577,53578,53598,53616,53620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53579,53580,53582,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53581,8001],{"class":51},[45,53583,56],{"class":55},[45,53585,1427],{"class":59},[45,53587,1430],{"class":96},[45,53589,84],{"class":59},[45,53591,1035],{"class":96},[45,53593,84],{"class":59},[45,53595,1063],{"class":96},[45,53597,244],{"class":59},[45,53599,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53601,8001],{"class":51},[45,53603,56],{"class":55},[45,53605,6186],{"class":51},[45,53607,132],{"class":59},[45,53609,13746],{"class":135},[45,53611,156],{"class":59},[45,53613,2734],{"class":96},[45,53615,161],{"class":59},[45,53617,53618],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53619,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53621,53622,53624,53626,53628],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53623,153],{"class":152},[45,53625,156],{"class":59},[45,53627,1289],{"class":135},[45,53629,161],{"class":59},[20,53631,182],{},[36,53633,53634],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53635,53636],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53637,53638],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53639,12009],{"class":4080},[20,53641,12101],{},[258,53643,53644,53649,53655],{},[261,53645,53646,53648],{},[15,53647,52656],{}," changes the list in place",[261,53650,53651,2627,53653],{},[15,53652,52656],{},[15,53654,4006],{},[261,53656,53657,53658,53661,53662],{},"So ",[15,53659,53660],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53663,4006],{},[20,53665,11015],{},[36,53667,53669],{"className":38,"code":53668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53670,53671,53691,53705,53709],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53672,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53674,8001],{"class":51},[45,53676,56],{"class":55},[45,53678,1427],{"class":59},[45,53680,1430],{"class":96},[45,53682,84],{"class":59},[45,53684,1035],{"class":96},[45,53686,84],{"class":59},[45,53688,1063],{"class":96},[45,53690,244],{"class":59},[45,53692,53693,53695,53697,53699,53701,53703],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53694,1289],{"class":51},[45,53696,132],{"class":59},[45,53698,13746],{"class":135},[45,53700,156],{"class":59},[45,53702,2734],{"class":96},[45,53704,161],{"class":59},[45,53706,53707],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53708,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53710,53711,53713,53715,53717],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53712,153],{"class":152},[45,53714,156],{"class":59},[45,53716,1289],{"class":135},[45,53718,161],{"class":59},[20,53720,182],{},[36,53722,53723],{"className":38,"code":53509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53724,53725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53726,53727,53729,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53728,223],{"class":59},[45,53730,1430],{"class":96},[45,53732,84],{"class":59},[45,53734,1035],{"class":96},[45,53736,84],{"class":59},[45,53738,1063],{"class":96},[45,53740,84],{"class":59},[45,53742,2687],{"class":96},[45,53744,244],{"class":59},[1398,53746,53748],{"id":53747},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53750,19092],{},[36,53752,53754],{"className":38,"code":53753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53755,53756,53780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53757,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53759,32036],{"class":51},[45,53761,56],{"class":55},[45,53763,1427],{"class":59},[45,53765,1430],{"class":96},[45,53767,84],{"class":59},[45,53769,1035],{"class":96},[45,53771,13743],{"class":59},[45,53773,13746],{"class":135},[45,53775,156],{"class":59},[45,53777,2294],{"class":96},[45,53779,161],{"class":59},[45,53781,53782,53784,53786,53788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53783,153],{"class":152},[45,53785,156],{"class":59},[45,53787,32055],{"class":135},[45,53789,161],{"class":59},[20,53791,182],{},[36,53793,53794],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53795,53796],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53797,53798],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53799,12009],{"class":4080},[20,53801,53802,53803,53805],{},"Remember: ",[15,53804,52656],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1398,53807,53809],{"id":53808},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[36,53811,53812],{"className":38,"code":53257,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53813,53814,53830,53848,53852],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53815,53816,53818,53820,53822,53824,53826,53828],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53817,3846],{"class":51},[45,53819,56],{"class":55},[45,53821,1427],{"class":59},[45,53823,1430],{"class":96},[45,53825,84],{"class":59},[45,53827,1035],{"class":96},[45,53829,244],{"class":59},[45,53831,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53833,3876],{"class":51},[45,53835,132],{"class":59},[45,53837,13746],{"class":135},[45,53839,195],{"class":59},[45,53841,2294],{"class":96},[45,53843,84],{"class":59},[45,53845,2687],{"class":96},[45,53847,218],{"class":59},[45,53849,53850],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53851,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53853,53854,53856,53858,53860],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53855,153],{"class":152},[45,53857,156],{"class":59},[45,53859,3876],{"class":135},[45,53861,161],{"class":59},[20,53863,182],{},[36,53865,53866],{"className":38,"code":53312,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53867,53868],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53869,53870,53872,53874,53876,53878,53880,53882,53884,53886,53888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53871,223],{"class":59},[45,53873,1430],{"class":96},[45,53875,84],{"class":59},[45,53877,1035],{"class":96},[45,53879,84],{"class":59},[45,53881,1427],{"class":59},[45,53883,2294],{"class":96},[45,53885,84],{"class":59},[45,53887,2687],{"class":96},[45,53889,53246],{"class":59},[20,53891,3400,53892,53895,53896,6852],{},[15,53893,53894],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53897,53450],{},[1398,53899,53901],{"id":53900},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53903,53904,53906],{},[15,53905,52656],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53908,53909,53910,132],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[277,53911,53913],{"href":53912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53914,53915],{},"list.insert()",[20,53917,361],{},[36,53919,53921],{"className":38,"code":53920,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53922,53923,53947,53970,53974],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53924,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53926,36085],{"class":51},[45,53928,56],{"class":55},[45,53930,1427],{"class":59},[45,53932,64],{"class":63},[45,53934,277],{"class":67},[45,53936,64],{"class":63},[45,53938,84],{"class":59},[45,53940,76],{"class":63},[45,53942,9951],{"class":67},[45,53944,64],{"class":63},[45,53946,244],{"class":59},[45,53948,53949,53951,53953,53956,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,53950,36138],{"class":51},[45,53952,132],{"class":59},[45,53954,53955],{"class":135},"insert",[45,53957,156],{"class":59},[45,53959,1430],{"class":96},[45,53961,84],{"class":59},[45,53963,76],{"class":63},[45,53965,1930],{"class":67},[45,53967,64],{"class":63},[45,53969,161],{"class":59},[45,53971,53972],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,53973,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,53975,53976,53978,53980,53982],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,53977,153],{"class":152},[45,53979,156],{"class":59},[45,53981,36138],{"class":135},[45,53983,161],{"class":59},[20,53985,182],{},[36,53987,53988],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,53989,53990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,53991,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,53993,223],{"class":59},[45,53995,198],{"class":63},[45,53997,277],{"class":67},[45,53999,198],{"class":63},[45,54001,84],{"class":59},[45,54003,211],{"class":63},[45,54005,1930],{"class":67},[45,54007,198],{"class":63},[45,54009,84],{"class":59},[45,54011,211],{"class":63},[45,54013,9951],{"class":67},[45,54015,198],{"class":63},[45,54017,244],{"class":59},[31,54019,54021],{"id":54020},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54023,54024,54026],{},[15,54025,52656],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54028,36421],{},[258,54030,54031,54034,54037,54040],{},[261,54032,54033],{},"building a list in a loop",[261,54035,54036],{},"collecting user input",[261,54038,54039],{},"storing results step by step",[261,54041,54042],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54044,54045],{},"Example with a loop:",[36,54047,54049],{"className":38,"code":54048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54050,54051,54060,54064,54085,54104,54108],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54052,54053,54056,54058],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54054,54055],{"class":51},"squares ",[45,54057,56],{"class":55},[45,54059,8059],{"class":59},[45,54061,54062],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54063,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54065,54066,54068,54070,54072,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54067,855],{"class":921},[45,54069,6607],{"class":51},[45,54071,927],{"class":921},[45,54073,54074],{"class":152}," range",[45,54076,156],{"class":59},[45,54078,1430],{"class":96},[45,54080,84],{"class":59},[45,54082,4828],{"class":96},[45,54084,8559],{"class":59},[45,54086,54087,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,54088,54089],{"class":51},"    squares",[45,54091,132],{"class":59},[45,54093,13746],{"class":135},[45,54095,156],{"class":59},[45,54097,2447],{"class":135},[45,54099,39870],{"class":55},[45,54101,2427],{"class":135},[45,54103,161],{"class":59},[45,54105,54106],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,54107,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54109,54110,54112,54114,54117],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,54111,153],{"class":152},[45,54113,156],{"class":59},[45,54115,54116],{"class":135},"squares",[45,54118,161],{"class":59},[20,54120,182],{},[36,54122,54124],{"className":38,"code":54123,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54125,54126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54127,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54141,54143,54145],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54129,223],{"class":59},[45,54131,1430],{"class":96},[45,54133,84],{"class":59},[45,54135,2687],{"class":96},[45,54137,84],{"class":59},[45,54139,54140],{"class":96}," 9",[45,54142,84],{"class":59},[45,54144,14180],{"class":96},[45,54146,244],{"class":59},[31,54148,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,54150,54152],{"id":54151},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54154,46366,54155,54157,54158,132],{},[15,54156,52656],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54159,4006],{},[1398,54161,54163],{"id":54162},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54165,54166,54167,132],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[277,54168,54169],{"href":53348},[15,54170,53450],{},[1398,54172,54174],{"id":54173},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54176,54177],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54179,361],{},[36,54181,54183],{"className":38,"code":54182,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54184,54185,54201,54219,54223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54186,54187,54189,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54188,1909],{"class":51},[45,54190,56],{"class":55},[45,54192,1427],{"class":59},[45,54194,1430],{"class":96},[45,54196,84],{"class":59},[45,54198,1035],{"class":96},[45,54200,244],{"class":59},[45,54202,54203,54205,54207,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54204,1947],{"class":51},[45,54206,132],{"class":59},[45,54208,13746],{"class":135},[45,54210,195],{"class":59},[45,54212,2294],{"class":96},[45,54214,84],{"class":59},[45,54216,2687],{"class":96},[45,54218,218],{"class":59},[45,54220,54221],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54222,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54224,54225,54227,54229,54231],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,54226,153],{"class":152},[45,54228,156],{"class":59},[45,54230,1947],{"class":135},[45,54232,161],{"class":59},[20,54234,182],{},[36,54236,54237],{"className":38,"code":53312,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,54238,54239],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54240,54241,54243,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54242,223],{"class":59},[45,54244,1430],{"class":96},[45,54246,84],{"class":59},[45,54248,1035],{"class":96},[45,54250,84],{"class":59},[45,54252,1427],{"class":59},[45,54254,2294],{"class":96},[45,54256,84],{"class":59},[45,54258,2687],{"class":96},[45,54260,53246],{"class":59},[1398,54262,54264],{"id":54263},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54266,54267,54269,54270,54273],{},[15,54268,52656],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54271,54272],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[31,54275,2114],{"id":2113},[258,54277,54278,54283,54287,54292,54296],{},[261,54279,54280],{},[277,54281,54282],{"href":53052},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[261,54284,54285],{},[277,54286,53564],{"href":53348},[261,54288,54289],{},[277,54290,54291],{"href":53912},"Python list insert() method",[261,54293,54294],{},[277,54295,52775],{"href":50982},[261,54297,54298],{},[277,54299,54301],{"href":54300},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2154,54303,54304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":54306},[54307,54308,54309,54310,54311,54312,54318,54324,54325,54331],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":52735,"depth":121,"text":52736},{"id":5651,"depth":121,"text":5652},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":53056,"depth":121,"text":53057},{"id":53355,"depth":121,"text":53356,"children":54313},[54314,54316],{"id":53362,"depth":142,"text":54315},"Using append()",{"id":53447,"depth":142,"text":54317},"Using extend()",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":54319},[54320,54321,54322,54323],{"id":53569,"depth":142,"text":53570},{"id":53747,"depth":142,"text":53748},{"id":53808,"depth":142,"text":53809},{"id":53900,"depth":142,"text":53901},{"id":54020,"depth":121,"text":54021},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":54326},[54327,54328,54329,54330],{"id":54151,"depth":142,"text":54152},{"id":54162,"depth":142,"text":54163},{"id":54173,"depth":142,"text":54174},{"id":54263,"depth":142,"text":54264},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52646,"description":54332},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54339,"title":54340,"body":54341,"description":55585,"extension":2195,"meta":55586,"navigation":145,"path":55587,"seo":55588,"stem":55589,"__hash__":55590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54342,"toc":55550},[54343,54349,54355,54361,54363,54411,54416,54421,54425,54441,54447,54449,54452,54467,54469,54480,54482,54484,54541,54543,54551,54553,54569,54575,54577,54583,54587,54671,54674,54723,54730,54738,54741,54755,54768,54774,54849,54856,54863,54937,54945,54948,54959,54968,54972,54976,54987,54989,55066,55087,55089,55099,55102,55150,55152,55173,55176,55178,55229,55235,55242,55309,55315,55321,55324,55351,55356,55362,55365,55437,55440,55451,55457,55459,55465,55468,55474,55480,55487,55495,55501,55507,55509,55547],[10,54344,54346,54347,18],{"id":54345},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54348,11527],{},[20,54350,54351,54354],{},[15,54352,54353],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54356,54357,54358,54360],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[355,54359,11539],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[31,54362,3836],{"id":3835},[36,54364,54366],{"className":38,"code":54365,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54367,54368,54388,54398],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54369,54370,54372,54374,54376,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54371,8001],{"class":51},[45,54373,56],{"class":55},[45,54375,1427],{"class":59},[45,54377,1430],{"class":96},[45,54379,84],{"class":59},[45,54381,1035],{"class":96},[45,54383,84],{"class":59},[45,54385,1063],{"class":96},[45,54387,244],{"class":59},[45,54389,54390,54392,54394,54396],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54391,1289],{"class":51},[45,54393,132],{"class":59},[45,54395,11588],{"class":135},[45,54397,139],{"class":59},[45,54399,54400,54402,54404,54406,54408],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54401,153],{"class":152},[45,54403,156],{"class":59},[45,54405,1289],{"class":135},[45,54407,3889],{"class":59},[45,54409,54410],{"class":1712},"  # []\n",[20,54412,1006,54413,54415],{},[15,54414,11527],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[31,54417,253,54419,256],{"id":54418},"what-listclear-does",[15,54420,54353],{},[20,54422,54423,73],{},[15,54424,54353],{},[258,54426,54427,54430,54433,54438],{},[261,54428,54429],{},"Removes every item from a list",[261,54431,54432],{},"Changes the original list in place",[261,54434,54435,54436],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54437,4015],{},[261,54439,54440],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54442,54443,54444,54446],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54445,11527],{},", but it contains no values.",[31,54448,284],{"id":283},[20,54450,54451],{},"Syntax:",[36,54453,54455],{"className":38,"code":54454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54456,54457],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54458,54459,54461,54463,54465],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54460,1449],{"class":51},[45,54462,132],{"class":59},[45,54464,11588],{"class":135},[45,54466,139],{"class":59},[20,54468,11663],{},[258,54470,54471,54474,54477],{},[261,54472,54473],{},"Call it on a list object",[261,54475,54476],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[261,54478,54479],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[31,54481,640],{"id":639},[20,54483,11680],{},[36,54485,54487],{"className":38,"code":54486,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54488,54489,54513,54517,54527,54531],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54490,54491,54493,54495,54497,54499,54501,54503,54505,54507,54509,54511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54492,3846],{"class":51},[45,54494,56],{"class":55},[45,54496,1427],{"class":59},[45,54498,2560],{"class":96},[45,54500,84],{"class":59},[45,54502,97],{"class":96},[45,54504,84],{"class":59},[45,54506,8016],{"class":96},[45,54508,84],{"class":59},[45,54510,50846],{"class":96},[45,54512,244],{"class":59},[45,54514,54515],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54516,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54518,54519,54521,54523,54525],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54520,3876],{"class":51},[45,54522,132],{"class":59},[45,54524,11588],{"class":135},[45,54526,139],{"class":59},[45,54528,54529],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,54530,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54532,54533,54535,54537,54539],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,54534,153],{"class":152},[45,54536,156],{"class":59},[45,54538,3876],{"class":135},[45,54540,161],{"class":59},[20,54542,182],{},[36,54544,54545],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,54546,54547],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54548,54549],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54550,38294],{"class":59},[20,54552,816],{},[258,54554,54555,54560,54566],{},[261,54556,54557,54559],{},[15,54558,3876],{}," starts with four items",[261,54561,54562,54565],{},[15,54563,54564],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[261,54567,54568],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54570,54571,54572,132],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[277,54573,52775],{"href":54574},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[31,54576,17601],{"id":17600},[20,54578,54579,2627,54581,132],{},[15,54580,11527],{},[15,54582,4006],{},[20,54584,40904,54585,52671],{},[355,54586,4854],{},[36,54588,54590],{"className":38,"code":54589,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54591,54592,54624,54628,54642,54646,54659],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54593,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602,54604,54606,54608,54610,54612,54614,54616,54618,54620,54622],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54595,8001],{"class":51},[45,54597,56],{"class":55},[45,54599,1427],{"class":59},[45,54601,64],{"class":63},[45,54603,277],{"class":67},[45,54605,64],{"class":63},[45,54607,84],{"class":59},[45,54609,76],{"class":63},[45,54611,1930],{"class":67},[45,54613,64],{"class":63},[45,54615,84],{"class":59},[45,54617,76],{"class":63},[45,54619,9951],{"class":67},[45,54621,64],{"class":63},[45,54623,244],{"class":59},[45,54625,54626],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54627,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54629,54630,54632,54634,54636,54638,54640],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54631,716],{"class":51},[45,54633,56],{"class":55},[45,54635,6186],{"class":51},[45,54637,132],{"class":59},[45,54639,11588],{"class":135},[45,54641,139],{"class":59},[45,54643,54644],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,54645,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54647,54648,54650,54652,54654,54656],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,54649,153],{"class":152},[45,54651,156],{"class":59},[45,54653,1289],{"class":135},[45,54655,3889],{"class":59},[45,54657,54658],{"class":1712},"   # []\n",[45,54660,54661,54663,54665,54667,54669],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,54662,153],{"class":152},[45,54664,156],{"class":59},[45,54666,740],{"class":135},[45,54668,3889],{"class":59},[45,54670,21054],{"class":1712},[20,54672,54673],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[36,54675,54677],{"className":38,"code":54676,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54678,54679,54699,54713],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54680,54681,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691,54693,54695,54697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54682,8001],{"class":51},[45,54684,56],{"class":55},[45,54686,1427],{"class":59},[45,54688,1430],{"class":96},[45,54690,84],{"class":59},[45,54692,1035],{"class":96},[45,54694,84],{"class":59},[45,54696,1063],{"class":96},[45,54698,244],{"class":59},[45,54700,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709,54711],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54702,8001],{"class":51},[45,54704,56],{"class":55},[45,54706,6186],{"class":51},[45,54708,132],{"class":59},[45,54710,11588],{"class":135},[45,54712,139],{"class":59},[45,54714,54715,54717,54719,54721],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54716,153],{"class":152},[45,54718,156],{"class":59},[45,54720,1289],{"class":135},[45,54722,161],{"class":59},[20,54724,12117,54725,42154,54727,54729],{},[15,54726,1289],{},[15,54728,4006],{},", not an empty list.",[31,54731,54733,54735,54736],{"id":54732},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54734,11527],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54737,4015],{},[20,54739,54740],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[36,54742,54743],{"className":38,"code":54454,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,54744,54745],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54746,54747,54749,54751,54753],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54748,1449],{"class":51},[45,54750,132],{"class":59},[45,54752,11588],{"class":135},[45,54754,139],{"class":59},[36,54756,54758],{"className":38,"code":54757,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = []\n",[15,54759,54760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54761,54762,54764,54766],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54763,1422],{"class":51},[45,54765,56],{"class":55},[45,54767,8059],{"class":59},[1398,54769,54771,54773],{"id":54770},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54772,11527],{}," empties the same list object",[36,54775,54777],{"className":38,"code":54776,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54778,54779,54799,54807,54811,54821,54825,54837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54780,54781,54783,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793,54795,54797],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54782,2784],{"class":51},[45,54784,56],{"class":55},[45,54786,1427],{"class":59},[45,54788,1430],{"class":96},[45,54790,84],{"class":59},[45,54792,1035],{"class":96},[45,54794,84],{"class":59},[45,54796,1063],{"class":96},[45,54798,244],{"class":59},[45,54800,54801,54803,54805],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54802,2812],{"class":51},[45,54804,56],{"class":55},[45,54806,36170],{"class":51},[45,54808,54809],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54810,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54812,54813,54815,54817,54819],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,54814,277],{"class":51},[45,54816,132],{"class":59},[45,54818,11588],{"class":135},[45,54820,139],{"class":59},[45,54822,54823],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,54824,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54826,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,54828,153],{"class":152},[45,54830,156],{"class":59},[45,54832,277],{"class":135},[45,54834,3889],{"class":59},[45,54836,54410],{"class":1712},[45,54838,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,54840,153],{"class":152},[45,54842,156],{"class":59},[45,54844,1930],{"class":135},[45,54846,3889],{"class":59},[45,54848,54410],{"class":1712},[20,54850,10800,54851,329,54853,54855],{},[15,54852,277],{},[15,54854,1930],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1398,54857,54859,54862],{"id":54858},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54860,54861],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[36,54864,54866],{"className":38,"code":54865,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54867,54868,54888,54896,54900,54908,54912,54924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54869,54870,54872,54874,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884,54886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54871,2784],{"class":51},[45,54873,56],{"class":55},[45,54875,1427],{"class":59},[45,54877,1430],{"class":96},[45,54879,84],{"class":59},[45,54881,1035],{"class":96},[45,54883,84],{"class":59},[45,54885,1063],{"class":96},[45,54887,244],{"class":59},[45,54889,54890,54892,54894],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,54891,2812],{"class":51},[45,54893,56],{"class":55},[45,54895,36170],{"class":51},[45,54897,54898],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,54899,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54901,54902,54904,54906],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,54903,2784],{"class":51},[45,54905,56],{"class":55},[45,54907,8059],{"class":59},[45,54909,54910],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,54911,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,54913,54914,54916,54918,54920,54922],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,54915,153],{"class":152},[45,54917,156],{"class":59},[45,54919,277],{"class":135},[45,54921,3889],{"class":59},[45,54923,54410],{"class":1712},[45,54925,54926,54928,54930,54932,54934],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,54927,153],{"class":152},[45,54929,156],{"class":59},[45,54931,1930],{"class":135},[45,54933,3889],{"class":59},[45,54935,54936],{"class":1712},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54938,20949,54939,54941,54942,54944],{},[15,54940,277],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54943,1930],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54946,54947],{},"This difference matters when:",[258,54949,54950,54953,54956],{},[261,54951,54952],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[261,54954,54955],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[261,54957,54958],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54960,54961,54962,132],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[277,54963,54965,54966,994],{"href":54964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54967,12978],{},[31,54969,5185,54970],{"id":12639},[15,54971,11527],{},[20,54973,1006,54974,6538],{},[15,54975,11527],{},[258,54977,54978,54981,54984],{},[261,54979,54980],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[261,54982,54983],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[261,54985,54986],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54988,361],{},[36,54990,54992],{"className":38,"code":54991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54993,54994,55030,55034,55039,55050,55054],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,54995,54996,54999,55001,55003,55005,55008,55010,55012,55014,55017,55019,55021,55023,55026,55028],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,54997,54998],{"class":51},"shopping_cart ",[45,55000,56],{"class":55},[45,55002,1427],{"class":59},[45,55004,64],{"class":63},[45,55006,55007],{"class":67},"milk",[45,55009,64],{"class":63},[45,55011,84],{"class":59},[45,55013,76],{"class":63},[45,55015,55016],{"class":67},"bread",[45,55018,64],{"class":63},[45,55020,84],{"class":59},[45,55022,76],{"class":63},[45,55024,55025],{"class":67},"eggs",[45,55027,64],{"class":63},[45,55029,244],{"class":59},[45,55031,55032],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55033,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55035,55036],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55037,55038],{"class":1712},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[45,55040,55041,55044,55046,55048],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55042,55043],{"class":51},"shopping_cart",[45,55045,132],{"class":59},[45,55047,11588],{"class":135},[45,55049,139],{"class":59},[45,55051,55052],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,55053,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55055,55056,55058,55060,55062,55064],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,55057,153],{"class":152},[45,55059,156],{"class":59},[45,55061,55043],{"class":135},[45,55063,3889],{"class":59},[45,55065,54410],{"class":1712},[20,55067,55068,55069,55073,55074,55080,55081,132],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[277,55070,55072],{"href":55071},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[277,55075,55077,994],{"href":55076},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55078,55079],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[277,55082,55084,994],{"href":55083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55085,55086],{},"list.pop()",[31,55088,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,55090,55092,55093,1800,55096],{"id":55091},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55094,55095],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55097,55098],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55100,55101],{},"This does not call the method.",[36,55103,55105],{"className":38,"code":55104,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55106,55107,55127,55131,55140],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55108,55109,55111,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121,55123,55125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55110,8001],{"class":51},[45,55112,56],{"class":55},[45,55114,1427],{"class":59},[45,55116,1430],{"class":96},[45,55118,84],{"class":59},[45,55120,1035],{"class":96},[45,55122,84],{"class":59},[45,55124,1063],{"class":96},[45,55126,244],{"class":59},[45,55128,55129],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55130,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55132,55133,55135,55137],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55134,1289],{"class":51},[45,55136,132],{"class":59},[45,55138,55139],{"class":1863},"clear\n",[45,55141,55142,55144,55146,55148],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55143,153],{"class":152},[45,55145,156],{"class":59},[45,55147,1289],{"class":135},[45,55149,161],{"class":59},[20,55151,182],{},[36,55153,55155],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55156,55157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55158,55159,55161,55163,55165,55167,55169,55171],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55160,223],{"class":59},[45,55162,1430],{"class":96},[45,55164,84],{"class":59},[45,55166,1035],{"class":96},[45,55168,84],{"class":59},[45,55170,1063],{"class":96},[45,55172,244],{"class":59},[20,55174,55175],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55177,11015],{},[36,55179,55181],{"className":38,"code":55180,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55182,55183,55203,55207,55217],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55184,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55186,8001],{"class":51},[45,55188,56],{"class":55},[45,55190,1427],{"class":59},[45,55192,1430],{"class":96},[45,55194,84],{"class":59},[45,55196,1035],{"class":96},[45,55198,84],{"class":59},[45,55200,1063],{"class":96},[45,55202,244],{"class":59},[45,55204,55205],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55206,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55208,55209,55211,55213,55215],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55210,1289],{"class":51},[45,55212,132],{"class":59},[45,55214,11588],{"class":135},[45,55216,139],{"class":59},[45,55218,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55220,153],{"class":152},[45,55222,156],{"class":59},[45,55224,1289],{"class":135},[45,55226,3889],{"class":59},[45,55228,54410],{"class":1712},[1398,55230,8670,55232,55234],{"id":55231},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55233,11527],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55236,55237,2627,55239,55241],{},[15,55238,11527],{},[15,55240,4006],{},", not the list.",[36,55243,55245],{"className":38,"code":55244,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55246,55247,55267,55281,55285,55297],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55248,55249,55251,55253,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55250,8001],{"class":51},[45,55252,56],{"class":55},[45,55254,1427],{"class":59},[45,55256,1430],{"class":96},[45,55258,84],{"class":59},[45,55260,1035],{"class":96},[45,55262,84],{"class":59},[45,55264,1063],{"class":96},[45,55266,244],{"class":59},[45,55268,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55270,716],{"class":51},[45,55272,56],{"class":55},[45,55274,6186],{"class":51},[45,55276,132],{"class":59},[45,55278,11588],{"class":135},[45,55280,139],{"class":59},[45,55282,55283],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55284,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55286,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55288,153],{"class":152},[45,55290,156],{"class":59},[45,55292,740],{"class":135},[45,55294,3889],{"class":59},[45,55296,21054],{"class":1712},[45,55298,55299,55301,55303,55305,55307],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,55300,153],{"class":152},[45,55302,156],{"class":59},[45,55304,1289],{"class":135},[45,55306,3889],{"class":59},[45,55308,54658],{"class":1712},[1398,55310,1797,55312,55314],{"id":55311},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55313,11527],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55316,55317,55318,55320],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55319,11527],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55322,55323],{},"This will fail:",[36,55325,55327],{"className":38,"code":55326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55328,55329,55341],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55330,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55332,34680],{"class":51},[45,55334,56],{"class":55},[45,55336,76],{"class":63},[45,55338,4073],{"class":67},[45,55340,468],{"class":63},[45,55342,55343,55345,55347,55349],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55344,34701],{"class":51},[45,55346,132],{"class":59},[45,55348,11588],{"class":135},[45,55350,139],{"class":59},[20,55352,55353,55354,1461],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55355,11527],{},[20,55357,55358,55359,55361],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55360,4006],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55363,55364],{},"Useful checks:",[36,55366,55368],{"className":38,"code":55367,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55369,55370,55380,55394,55408,55417,55427],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55371,55372,55374,55376,55378],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55373,153],{"class":152},[45,55375,156],{"class":59},[45,55377,1449],{"class":135},[45,55379,161],{"class":59},[45,55381,55382,55384,55386,55388,55390,55392],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55383,153],{"class":152},[45,55385,156],{"class":59},[45,55387,1478],{"class":171},[45,55389,156],{"class":59},[45,55391,1449],{"class":135},[45,55393,179],{"class":59},[45,55395,55396,55398,55400,55402,55404,55406],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55397,153],{"class":152},[45,55399,156],{"class":59},[45,55401,12851],{"class":152},[45,55403,156],{"class":59},[45,55405,1449],{"class":135},[45,55407,179],{"class":59},[45,55409,55410,55412,55414],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55411,43549],{"class":51},[45,55413,56],{"class":55},[45,55415,55416],{"class":51}," my_list\n",[45,55418,55419,55421,55423,55425],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,55420,1449],{"class":51},[45,55422,132],{"class":59},[45,55424,11588],{"class":135},[45,55426,139],{"class":59},[45,55428,55429,55431,55433,55435],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,55430,153],{"class":152},[45,55432,156],{"class":59},[45,55434,30897],{"class":135},[45,55436,161],{"class":59},[20,55438,55439],{},"These can help you see:",[258,55441,55442,55445,55448],{},[261,55443,55444],{},"What the variable currently contains",[261,55446,55447],{},"Whether it is really a list",[261,55449,55450],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55452,55453,55454,132],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[277,55455,55456],{"href":54300},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[31,55458,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,55460,2062,55462,55464],{"id":55461},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55463,54353],{}," delete the list?",[20,55466,55467],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1398,55469,2062,55471,55473],{"id":55470},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55472,54353],{}," return a new list?",[20,55475,55476,55477,55479],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55478,4006],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1398,55481,5400,55483,329,55485,2079],{"id":55482},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55484,11527],{},[15,55486,54861],{},[20,55488,55489,55491,55492,55494],{},[15,55490,11527],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55493,54861],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1398,55496,28485,55498,55500],{"id":55497},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55499,11527],{}," on other types?",[20,55502,55503,55504,55506],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55505,11527],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[31,55508,2114],{"id":2113},[258,55510,55511,55515,55520,55527,55534,55540],{},[261,55512,55513],{},[277,55514,52775],{"href":54574},[261,55516,55517],{},[277,55518,55519],{"href":55071},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[261,55521,55522],{},[277,55523,55524,55525,994],{"href":55083},"Python list ",[15,55526,12964],{},[261,55528,55529],{},[277,55530,55524,55531,994],{"href":55076},[15,55532,55533],{},"remove()",[261,55535,55536],{},[277,55537,55524,55538,994],{"href":54964},[15,55539,12978],{},[261,55541,55542],{},[277,55543,2149,55544,1499],{"href":54300},[15,55545,55546],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2154,55548,55549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":55551},[55552,55553,55555,55556,55557,55558,55565,55566,55574,55584],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":54418,"depth":121,"text":55554},"What list.clear() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":54732,"depth":121,"text":55559,"children":55560},"clear() vs assigning []",[55561,55563],{"id":54770,"depth":142,"text":55562},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54858,"depth":142,"text":55564},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12639,"depth":121,"text":13010},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":55567},[55568,55570,55572],{"id":55091,"depth":142,"text":55569},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55231,"depth":142,"text":55571},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55311,"depth":142,"text":55573},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":55575},[55576,55578,55580,55582],{"id":55461,"depth":142,"text":55577},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55470,"depth":142,"text":55579},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55482,"depth":142,"text":55581},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55497,"depth":142,"text":55583},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54340,"description":55585},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55592,"title":55593,"body":55594,"description":57279,"extension":2195,"meta":57280,"navigation":145,"path":57281,"seo":57282,"stem":57283,"__hash__":57284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55595,"toc":57247},[55596,55601,55607,55615,55617,55706,55713,55718,55722,55736,55738,55815,55817,55878,55881,55883,55885,55906,55909,55923,55926,55971,55973,55981,55984,55990,55996,55999,56076,56078,56123,56126,56131,56214,56216,56257,56262,56266,56272,56274,56282,56285,56378,56380,56438,56441,56457,56462,56472,56477,56479,56484,56489,56492,56494,56551,56554,56607,56613,56618,56622,56639,56641,56725,56727,56768,56776,56778,56783,56789,56791,56854,56859,56929,56933,56968,56971,56973,57012,57016,57092,57098,57104,57109,57131,57134,57153,57161,57163,57169,57172,57179,57187,57192,57195,57199,57205,57213,57216,57218,57244],[10,55597,54346,55599,18],{"id":55598},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55600,12978],{},[20,55602,55603,55606],{},[15,55604,55605],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55608,55609,55610,14246,55612,55614],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55611,56],{},[355,55613,4854],{}," make a real copy.",[31,55616,34],{"id":33},[36,55618,55620],{"className":38,"code":55619,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55621,55622,55642,55657,55661,55676,55680,55693],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55623,55624,55626,55628,55630,55632,55634,55636,55638,55640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55625,3846],{"class":51},[45,55627,56],{"class":55},[45,55629,1427],{"class":59},[45,55631,1430],{"class":96},[45,55633,84],{"class":59},[45,55635,1035],{"class":96},[45,55637,84],{"class":59},[45,55639,1063],{"class":96},[45,55641,244],{"class":59},[45,55643,55644,55647,55649,55651,55653,55655],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55645,55646],{"class":51},"new_numbers ",[45,55648,56],{"class":55},[45,55650,4488],{"class":51},[45,55652,132],{"class":59},[45,55654,13110],{"class":135},[45,55656,139],{"class":59},[45,55658,55659],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55660,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55662,55663,55666,55668,55670,55672,55674],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55664,55665],{"class":51},"new_numbers",[45,55667,132],{"class":59},[45,55669,13746],{"class":135},[45,55671,156],{"class":59},[45,55673,2734],{"class":96},[45,55675,161],{"class":59},[45,55677,55678],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,55679,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55681,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,55683,153],{"class":152},[45,55685,156],{"class":59},[45,55687,3876],{"class":135},[45,55689,3889],{"class":59},[45,55691,55692],{"class":1712},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[45,55694,55695,55697,55699,55701,55703],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,55696,153],{"class":152},[45,55698,156],{"class":59},[45,55700,55665],{"class":135},[45,55702,3889],{"class":59},[45,55704,55705],{"class":1712},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55707,1006,55708,55710,55711,132],{},[15,55709,55605],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[355,55712,13052],{},[31,55714,253,55716,256],{"id":55715},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55717,55605],{},[20,55719,55720,73],{},[15,55721,55605],{},[258,55723,55724,55727,55730,55733],{},[261,55725,55726],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[261,55728,55729],{},"Returns that new list",[261,55731,55732],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[261,55734,55735],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55737,361],{},[36,55739,55741],{"className":38,"code":55740,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55742,55743,55775,55790,55794,55804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55744,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769,55771,55773],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55746,36234],{"class":51},[45,55748,56],{"class":55},[45,55750,1427],{"class":59},[45,55752,64],{"class":63},[45,55754,1028],{"class":67},[45,55756,64],{"class":63},[45,55758,84],{"class":59},[45,55760,76],{"class":63},[45,55762,1042],{"class":67},[45,55764,64],{"class":63},[45,55766,84],{"class":59},[45,55768,76],{"class":63},[45,55770,1056],{"class":67},[45,55772,64],{"class":63},[45,55774,244],{"class":59},[45,55776,55777,55780,55782,55784,55786,55788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55778,55779],{"class":51},"copied_fruits ",[45,55781,56],{"class":55},[45,55783,52855],{"class":51},[45,55785,132],{"class":59},[45,55787,13110],{"class":135},[45,55789,139],{"class":59},[45,55791,55792],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55793,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55795,55796,55798,55800,55802],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55797,153],{"class":152},[45,55799,156],{"class":59},[45,55801,36286],{"class":135},[45,55803,161],{"class":59},[45,55805,55806,55808,55810,55813],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,55807,153],{"class":152},[45,55809,156],{"class":59},[45,55811,55812],{"class":135},"copied_fruits",[45,55814,161],{"class":59},[20,55816,182],{},[36,55818,55820],{"className":38,"code":55819,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55821,55822,55850],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55823,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832,55834,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55825,223],{"class":59},[45,55827,198],{"class":63},[45,55829,1028],{"class":67},[45,55831,198],{"class":63},[45,55833,84],{"class":59},[45,55835,211],{"class":63},[45,55837,1042],{"class":67},[45,55839,198],{"class":63},[45,55841,84],{"class":59},[45,55843,211],{"class":63},[45,55845,1056],{"class":67},[45,55847,198],{"class":63},[45,55849,244],{"class":59},[45,55851,55852,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874,55876],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55853,223],{"class":59},[45,55855,198],{"class":63},[45,55857,1028],{"class":67},[45,55859,198],{"class":63},[45,55861,84],{"class":59},[45,55863,211],{"class":63},[45,55865,1042],{"class":67},[45,55867,198],{"class":63},[45,55869,84],{"class":59},[45,55871,211],{"class":63},[45,55873,1056],{"class":67},[45,55875,198],{"class":63},[45,55877,244],{"class":59},[20,55879,55880],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[31,55882,284],{"id":283},[20,55884,2389],{},[36,55886,55888],{"className":38,"code":55887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55889,55890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55891,55892,55895,55897,55900,55902,55904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55893,55894],{"class":51},"new_list ",[45,55896,56],{"class":55},[45,55898,55899],{"class":51}," old_list",[45,55901,132],{"class":59},[45,55903,13110],{"class":135},[45,55905,139],{"class":59},[20,55907,55908],{},"How it works:",[258,55910,55911,55917,55920],{},[261,55912,55913,55914,55916],{},"Call ",[15,55915,12978],{}," on an existing list",[261,55918,55919],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[261,55921,55922],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55924,55925],{},"Example with an empty list:",[36,55927,55929],{"className":38,"code":55928,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55930,55931,55940,55956,55960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55932,55933,55936,55938],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55934,55935],{"class":51},"empty_list ",[45,55937,56],{"class":55},[45,55939,8059],{"class":59},[45,55941,55942,55945,55947,55950,55952,55954],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,55943,55944],{"class":51},"new_empty_list ",[45,55946,56],{"class":55},[45,55948,55949],{"class":51}," empty_list",[45,55951,132],{"class":59},[45,55953,13110],{"class":135},[45,55955,139],{"class":59},[45,55957,55958],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,55959,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,55961,55962,55964,55966,55969],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,55963,153],{"class":152},[45,55965,156],{"class":59},[45,55967,55968],{"class":135},"new_empty_list",[45,55970,161],{"class":59},[20,55972,182],{},[36,55974,55975],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,55976,55977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,55978,55979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,55980,38294],{"class":59},[20,55982,55983],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[31,55985,55987,55988],{"id":55986},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55989,56],{},[20,55991,1797,55992,14246,55994,52671],{},[15,55993,56],{},[355,55995,4854],{},[20,55997,55998],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[36,56000,56002],{"className":38,"code":56001,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56003,56004,56024,56033,56037,56052,56056,56066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56005,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56007,3846],{"class":51},[45,56009,56],{"class":55},[45,56011,1427],{"class":59},[45,56013,1430],{"class":96},[45,56015,84],{"class":59},[45,56017,1035],{"class":96},[45,56019,84],{"class":59},[45,56021,1063],{"class":96},[45,56023,244],{"class":59},[45,56025,56026,56029,56031],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56027,56028],{"class":51},"same_list ",[45,56030,56],{"class":55},[45,56032,43982],{"class":51},[45,56034,56035],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56036,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56038,56039,56042,56044,56046,56048,56050],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56040,56041],{"class":51},"same_list",[45,56043,132],{"class":59},[45,56045,13746],{"class":135},[45,56047,156],{"class":59},[45,56049,2734],{"class":96},[45,56051,161],{"class":59},[45,56053,56054],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,56055,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56057,56058,56060,56062,56064],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,56059,153],{"class":152},[45,56061,156],{"class":59},[45,56063,3876],{"class":135},[45,56065,161],{"class":59},[45,56067,56068,56070,56072,56074],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,56069,153],{"class":152},[45,56071,156],{"class":59},[45,56073,56041],{"class":135},[45,56075,161],{"class":59},[20,56077,182],{},[36,56079,56081],{"className":38,"code":56080,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56082,56083,56103],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56084,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56086,223],{"class":59},[45,56088,1430],{"class":96},[45,56090,84],{"class":59},[45,56092,1035],{"class":96},[45,56094,84],{"class":59},[45,56096,1063],{"class":96},[45,56098,84],{"class":59},[45,56100,2687],{"class":96},[45,56102,244],{"class":59},[45,56104,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119,56121],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56106,223],{"class":59},[45,56108,1430],{"class":96},[45,56110,84],{"class":59},[45,56112,1035],{"class":96},[45,56114,84],{"class":59},[45,56116,1063],{"class":96},[45,56118,84],{"class":59},[45,56120,2687],{"class":96},[45,56122,244],{"class":59},[20,56124,56125],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56127,56128,56129,73],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56130,12978],{},[36,56132,56134],{"className":38,"code":56133,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56135,56136,56156,56171,56175,56190,56194,56204],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56137,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148,56150,56152,56154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56139,3846],{"class":51},[45,56141,56],{"class":55},[45,56143,1427],{"class":59},[45,56145,1430],{"class":96},[45,56147,84],{"class":59},[45,56149,1035],{"class":96},[45,56151,84],{"class":59},[45,56153,1063],{"class":96},[45,56155,244],{"class":59},[45,56157,56158,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56159,56160],{"class":51},"copied_numbers ",[45,56162,56],{"class":55},[45,56164,4488],{"class":51},[45,56166,132],{"class":59},[45,56168,13110],{"class":135},[45,56170,139],{"class":59},[45,56172,56173],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56174,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56176,56177,56180,56182,56184,56186,56188],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56178,56179],{"class":51},"copied_numbers",[45,56181,132],{"class":59},[45,56183,13746],{"class":135},[45,56185,156],{"class":59},[45,56187,2734],{"class":96},[45,56189,161],{"class":59},[45,56191,56192],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,56193,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56195,56196,56198,56200,56202],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,56197,153],{"class":152},[45,56199,156],{"class":59},[45,56201,3876],{"class":135},[45,56203,161],{"class":59},[45,56205,56206,56208,56210,56212],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,56207,153],{"class":152},[45,56209,156],{"class":59},[45,56211,56179],{"class":135},[45,56213,161],{"class":59},[20,56215,182],{},[36,56217,56219],{"className":38,"code":56218,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56220,56221,56237],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56222,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56224,223],{"class":59},[45,56226,1430],{"class":96},[45,56228,84],{"class":59},[45,56230,1035],{"class":96},[45,56232,84],{"class":59},[45,56234,1063],{"class":96},[45,56236,244],{"class":59},[45,56238,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56240,223],{"class":59},[45,56242,1430],{"class":96},[45,56244,84],{"class":59},[45,56246,1035],{"class":96},[45,56248,84],{"class":59},[45,56250,1063],{"class":96},[45,56252,84],{"class":59},[45,56254,2687],{"class":96},[45,56256,244],{"class":59},[20,56258,56259,56260,132],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[277,56261,52775],{"href":50982},[31,56263,56265],{"id":56264},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56267,56268,13049,56270,132],{},[15,56269,55605],{},[355,56271,13052],{},[20,56273,2338],{},[258,56275,56276,56279],{},[261,56277,56278],{},"The outer list is new",[261,56280,56281],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56283,56284],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[36,56286,56288],{"className":38,"code":56287,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56289,56290,56317,56331,56335,56354,56358,56368],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56291,56292,56294,56296,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56293,12287],{"class":51},[45,56295,56],{"class":55},[45,56297,56298],{"class":59}," [[",[45,56300,1430],{"class":96},[45,56302,84],{"class":59},[45,56304,1035],{"class":96},[45,56306,18243],{"class":59},[45,56308,1427],{"class":59},[45,56310,2294],{"class":96},[45,56312,84],{"class":59},[45,56314,2687],{"class":96},[45,56316,53246],{"class":59},[45,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56320,14504],{"class":51},[45,56322,56],{"class":55},[45,56324,12362],{"class":51},[45,56326,132],{"class":59},[45,56328,13110],{"class":135},[45,56330,139],{"class":59},[45,56332,56333],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56334,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56336,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349,56352],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56338,14523],{"class":51},[45,56340,223],{"class":59},[45,56342,1117],{"class":96},[45,56344,13743],{"class":59},[45,56346,13746],{"class":135},[45,56348,156],{"class":59},[45,56350,56351],{"class":96},"99",[45,56353,161],{"class":59},[45,56355,56356],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,56357,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56359,56360,56362,56364,56366],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,56361,153],{"class":152},[45,56363,156],{"class":59},[45,56365,12334],{"class":135},[45,56367,161],{"class":59},[45,56369,56370,56372,56374,56376],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,56371,153],{"class":152},[45,56373,156],{"class":59},[45,56375,14523],{"class":135},[45,56377,161],{"class":59},[20,56379,182],{},[36,56381,56383],{"className":38,"code":56382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56384,56385,56412],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56386,56387,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56388,56389],{"class":59},"[[",[45,56391,1430],{"class":96},[45,56393,84],{"class":59},[45,56395,1035],{"class":96},[45,56397,84],{"class":59},[45,56399,10409],{"class":96},[45,56401,18243],{"class":59},[45,56403,1427],{"class":59},[45,56405,2294],{"class":96},[45,56407,84],{"class":59},[45,56409,2687],{"class":96},[45,56411,53246],{"class":59},[45,56413,56414,56416,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428,56430,56432,56434,56436],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56415,56389],{"class":59},[45,56417,1430],{"class":96},[45,56419,84],{"class":59},[45,56421,1035],{"class":96},[45,56423,84],{"class":59},[45,56425,10409],{"class":96},[45,56427,18243],{"class":59},[45,56429,1427],{"class":59},[45,56431,2294],{"class":96},[45,56433,84],{"class":59},[45,56435,2687],{"class":96},[45,56437,53246],{"class":59},[20,56439,56440],{},"Why did both change?",[258,56442,56443,56450],{},[261,56444,56445,329,56447,56449],{},[15,56446,12334],{},[15,56448,14523],{}," are different outer lists",[261,56451,56452,56453,56456],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56454,56455],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56458,53657,56459,56461],{},[15,56460,12978],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[258,56463,56464,56467,56470],{},[261,56465,56466],{},"Numbers",[261,56468,56469],{},"Strings",[261,56471,40593],{},[20,56473,56474,56475,132],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[277,56476,13983],{"href":13982},[31,56478,17601],{"id":17600},[20,56480,56481,56483],{},[15,56482,55605],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56485,40904,56486,56488],{},[355,56487,4854],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56490,56491],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56493,16848],{},[36,56495,56497],{"className":38,"code":56496,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56498,56499,56523,56537,56541],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56500,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519,56521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56502,13274],{"class":51},[45,56504,56],{"class":55},[45,56506,1427],{"class":59},[45,56508,64],{"class":63},[45,56510,13291],{"class":67},[45,56512,64],{"class":63},[45,56514,84],{"class":59},[45,56516,76],{"class":63},[45,56518,703],{"class":67},[45,56520,64],{"class":63},[45,56522,244],{"class":59},[45,56524,56525,56527,56529,56531,56533,56535],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56526,13316],{"class":51},[45,56528,56],{"class":55},[45,56530,13321],{"class":51},[45,56532,132],{"class":59},[45,56534,13110],{"class":135},[45,56536,139],{"class":59},[45,56538,56539],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56540,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56542,56543,56545,56547,56549],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56544,153],{"class":152},[45,56546,156],{"class":59},[45,56548,13340],{"class":135},[45,56550,161],{"class":59},[20,56552,56553],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[36,56555,56557],{"className":38,"code":56556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56558,56559,56583,56593,56597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56560,56561,56563,56565,56567,56569,56571,56573,56575,56577,56579,56581],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56562,13274],{"class":51},[45,56564,56],{"class":55},[45,56566,1427],{"class":59},[45,56568,64],{"class":63},[45,56570,13291],{"class":67},[45,56572,64],{"class":63},[45,56574,84],{"class":59},[45,56576,76],{"class":63},[45,56578,703],{"class":67},[45,56580,64],{"class":63},[45,56582,244],{"class":59},[45,56584,56585,56587,56589,56591],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56586,17684],{"class":51},[45,56588,132],{"class":59},[45,56590,13110],{"class":135},[45,56592,139],{"class":59},[45,56594,56595],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56596,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56598,56599,56601,56603,56605],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56600,153],{"class":152},[45,56602,156],{"class":59},[45,56604,17684],{"class":135},[45,56606,161],{"class":59},[20,56608,56609,56610,56612],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56611,12978],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[31,56614,5185,56616],{"id":56615},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56617,55605],{},[20,56619,1006,56620,10811],{},[15,56621,55605],{},[258,56623,56624,56627,56630,56633],{},[261,56625,56626],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[261,56628,56629],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[261,56631,56632],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[261,56634,56635,56636],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56637,56638],{},"[:]",[20,56640,361],{},[36,56642,56644],{"className":38,"code":56643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56645,56646,56666,56681,56685,56700,56704,56714],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56647,56648,56650,56652,56654,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56649,866],{"class":51},[45,56651,56],{"class":55},[45,56653,1427],{"class":59},[45,56655,2560],{"class":96},[45,56657,84],{"class":59},[45,56659,97],{"class":96},[45,56661,84],{"class":59},[45,56663,8016],{"class":96},[45,56665,244],{"class":59},[45,56667,56668,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56669,56670],{"class":51},"backup_scores ",[45,56672,56],{"class":55},[45,56674,930],{"class":51},[45,56676,132],{"class":59},[45,56678,13110],{"class":135},[45,56680,139],{"class":59},[45,56682,56683],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56684,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56686,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56698],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56688,16582],{"class":51},[45,56690,132],{"class":59},[45,56692,13746],{"class":135},[45,56694,156],{"class":59},[45,56696,56697],{"class":96},"40",[45,56699,161],{"class":59},[45,56701,56702],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,56703,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56705,56706,56708,56710,56712],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,56707,153],{"class":152},[45,56709,156],{"class":59},[45,56711,16582],{"class":135},[45,56713,161],{"class":59},[45,56715,56716,56718,56720,56723],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,56717,153],{"class":152},[45,56719,156],{"class":59},[45,56721,56722],{"class":135},"backup_scores",[45,56724,161],{"class":59},[20,56726,182],{},[36,56728,56730],{"className":38,"code":56729,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56731,56732,56752],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56733,56734,56736,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56735,223],{"class":59},[45,56737,2560],{"class":96},[45,56739,84],{"class":59},[45,56741,97],{"class":96},[45,56743,84],{"class":59},[45,56745,8016],{"class":96},[45,56747,84],{"class":59},[45,56749,50846],{"class":96},[45,56751,244],{"class":59},[45,56753,56754,56756,56758,56760,56762,56764,56766],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56755,223],{"class":59},[45,56757,2560],{"class":96},[45,56759,84],{"class":59},[45,56761,97],{"class":96},[45,56763,84],{"class":59},[45,56765,8016],{"class":96},[45,56767,244],{"class":59},[20,56769,56770,56771,132],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[277,56772,55524,56774,994],{"href":56773},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56775,52656],{},[31,56777,1391],{"id":1390},[20,56779,56780,56781,132],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56782,55605],{},[1398,56784,1797,56786,56788],{"id":56785},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56787,56],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56790,39196],{},[36,56792,56794],{"className":38,"code":56793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56795,56796,56816,56824,56838,56842],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56797,56798,56800,56802,56804,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56799,2784],{"class":51},[45,56801,56],{"class":55},[45,56803,1427],{"class":59},[45,56805,1430],{"class":96},[45,56807,84],{"class":59},[45,56809,1035],{"class":96},[45,56811,84],{"class":59},[45,56813,1063],{"class":96},[45,56815,244],{"class":59},[45,56817,56818,56820,56822],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56819,2812],{"class":51},[45,56821,56],{"class":55},[45,56823,36170],{"class":51},[45,56825,56826,56828,56830,56832,56834,56836],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56827,1930],{"class":51},[45,56829,132],{"class":59},[45,56831,13746],{"class":135},[45,56833,156],{"class":59},[45,56835,2734],{"class":96},[45,56837,161],{"class":59},[45,56839,56840],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56841,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56843,56844,56846,56848,56850,56852],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,56845,153],{"class":152},[45,56847,156],{"class":59},[45,56849,277],{"class":135},[45,56851,3889],{"class":59},[45,56853,55705],{"class":1712},[20,56855,56856,56857,6852],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56858,12978],{},[36,56860,56862],{"className":38,"code":56861,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56863,56864,56884,56899,56913,56917],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56865,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878,56880,56882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56867,2784],{"class":51},[45,56869,56],{"class":55},[45,56871,1427],{"class":59},[45,56873,1430],{"class":96},[45,56875,84],{"class":59},[45,56877,1035],{"class":96},[45,56879,84],{"class":59},[45,56881,1063],{"class":96},[45,56883,244],{"class":59},[45,56885,56886,56888,56890,56893,56895,56897],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56887,2812],{"class":51},[45,56889,56],{"class":55},[45,56891,56892],{"class":51}," a",[45,56894,132],{"class":59},[45,56896,13110],{"class":135},[45,56898,139],{"class":59},[45,56900,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,56902,1930],{"class":51},[45,56904,132],{"class":59},[45,56906,13746],{"class":135},[45,56908,156],{"class":59},[45,56910,2734],{"class":96},[45,56912,161],{"class":59},[45,56914,56915],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,56916,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,56918,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,56920,153],{"class":152},[45,56922,156],{"class":59},[45,56924,277],{"class":135},[45,56926,3889],{"class":59},[45,56928,54936],{"class":1712},[1398,56930,56932],{"id":56931},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[36,56934,56936],{"className":38,"code":56935,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56937,56938,56958],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56939,56940,56942,56944,56946,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56941,3846],{"class":51},[45,56943,56],{"class":55},[45,56945,1427],{"class":59},[45,56947,1430],{"class":96},[45,56949,84],{"class":59},[45,56951,1035],{"class":96},[45,56953,84],{"class":59},[45,56955,1063],{"class":96},[45,56957,244],{"class":59},[45,56959,56960,56962,56964,56966],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,56961,3876],{"class":51},[45,56963,132],{"class":59},[45,56965,13110],{"class":135},[45,56967,139],{"class":59},[20,56969,56970],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56972,39259],{},[36,56974,56976],{"className":38,"code":56975,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56977,56978,56998],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,56979,56980,56982,56984,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,56981,3846],{"class":51},[45,56983,56],{"class":55},[45,56985,1427],{"class":59},[45,56987,1430],{"class":96},[45,56989,84],{"class":59},[45,56991,1035],{"class":96},[45,56993,84],{"class":59},[45,56995,1063],{"class":96},[45,56997,244],{"class":59},[45,56999,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008,57010],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57001,56160],{"class":51},[45,57003,56],{"class":55},[45,57005,4488],{"class":51},[45,57007,132],{"class":59},[45,57009,13110],{"class":135},[45,57011,139],{"class":59},[1398,57013,57015],{"id":57014},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[36,57017,57019],{"className":38,"code":57018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57020,57021,57039,57053,57057,57075,57079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57022,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57024,2784],{"class":51},[45,57026,56],{"class":55},[45,57028,56298],{"class":59},[45,57030,1430],{"class":96},[45,57032,18243],{"class":59},[45,57034,1427],{"class":59},[45,57036,1133],{"class":96},[45,57038,53246],{"class":59},[45,57040,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57042,2812],{"class":51},[45,57044,56],{"class":55},[45,57046,56892],{"class":51},[45,57048,132],{"class":59},[45,57050,13110],{"class":135},[45,57052,139],{"class":59},[45,57054,57055],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,57056,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,57058,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,57060,1930],{"class":51},[45,57062,223],{"class":59},[45,57064,1117],{"class":96},[45,57066,13743],{"class":59},[45,57068,13746],{"class":135},[45,57070,156],{"class":59},[45,57072,56351],{"class":96},[45,57074,161],{"class":59},[45,57076,57077],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,57078,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,57080,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,57082,153],{"class":152},[45,57084,156],{"class":59},[45,57086,277],{"class":135},[45,57088,3889],{"class":59},[45,57090,57091],{"class":1712},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57093,57094,57095,57097],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57096,55605],{}," is shallow.",[1398,57099,25778,57101,57103],{"id":57100},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57102,12978],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57105,57106,57108],{},[15,57107,12978],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[36,57110,57112],{"className":38,"code":57111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57113,57114,57126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57115,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57117,8097],{"class":51},[45,57119,56],{"class":55},[45,57121,76],{"class":63},[45,57123,5228],{"class":67},[45,57125,468],{"class":63},[45,57127,57128],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57129,57130],{"class":1712},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57132,57133],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[36,57135,57137],{"className":38,"code":57136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57138,57139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57140,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57142,153],{"class":152},[45,57144,156],{"class":59},[45,57146,1478],{"class":171},[45,57148,156],{"class":59},[45,57150,68],{"class":135},[45,57152,179],{"class":59},[20,57154,57155,57156,57160],{},"You can also review ",[277,57157,57159],{"href":57158},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[31,57162,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,57164,2062,57166,57168],{"id":57165},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57167,55605],{}," change the original list?",[20,57170,57171],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1398,57173,5400,57175,329,57177,2079],{"id":57174},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57176,55605],{},[15,57178,56],{},[20,57180,57181,57183,57184,57186],{},[15,57182,12978],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57185,56],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1398,57188,15096,57190,15099],{"id":57189},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57191,55605],{},[20,57193,57194],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1398,57196,57198],{"id":57197},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57200,42151,57201,57204],{},[15,57202,57203],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1398,57206,15096,57208,57210,57211,2079],{"id":57207},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57209,55605],{}," the same as ",[15,57212,56638],{},[20,57214,57215],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[31,57217,2114],{"id":2113},[258,57219,57220,57225,57229,57234,57240],{},[261,57221,57222],{},[277,57223,15158],{"href":57224},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[261,57226,57227],{},[277,57228,52775],{"href":50982},[261,57230,57231],{},[277,57232,57233],{"href":57158},"Creating a list in Python",[261,57235,57236],{},[277,57237,55524,57238,994],{"href":56773},[15,57239,52656],{},[261,57241,57242],{},[277,57243,13983],{"href":13982},[2154,57245,57246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":57248},[57249,57250,57252,57253,57255,57256,57257,57259,57267,57278],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":55715,"depth":121,"text":57251},"What list.copy() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":55986,"depth":121,"text":57254},"Why not use =",{"id":56264,"depth":121,"text":56265},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":56615,"depth":121,"text":57258},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":57260},[57261,57263,57264,57265],{"id":56785,"depth":142,"text":57262},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56931,"depth":142,"text":56932},{"id":57014,"depth":142,"text":57015},{"id":57100,"depth":142,"text":57266},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":57268},[57269,57271,57273,57275,57276],{"id":57165,"depth":142,"text":57270},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57174,"depth":142,"text":57272},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57189,"depth":142,"text":57274},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57197,"depth":142,"text":57198},{"id":57207,"depth":142,"text":57277},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55593,"description":57279},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57286,"title":57287,"body":57288,"description":59030,"extension":2195,"meta":59031,"navigation":145,"path":59032,"seo":59033,"stem":59034,"__hash__":59035},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57289,"toc":58989},[57290,57296,57302,57305,57316,57319,57321,57384,57390,57395,57399,57413,57416,57421,57426,57428,57430,57449,57461,57463,57530,57532,57540,57545,57547,57555,57558,57575,57577,57701,57712,57716,57721,57724,57726,57744,57748,57834,57843,57851,57920,57922,57925,57937,57942,57946,58017,58020,58024,58028,58093,58095,58103,58107,58190,58192,58200,58204,58265,58267,58275,58279,58366,58368,58376,58381,58386,58389,58400,58402,58487,58492,58501,58503,58507,58511,58516,58578,58582,58590,58596,58605,58610,58659,58662,58683,58687,58749,58756,58761,58764,58851,58854,58865,58868,58888,58890,58896,58899,58903,58907,58913,58916,58922,58929,58937,58948,58950,58986],[10,57291,54346,57293,18],{"id":57292},"python-list-count-method",[15,57294,57295],{},"count()",[20,57297,57298,57301],{},[15,57299,57300],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57303,57304],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[258,57306,57307,57310,57313],{},[261,57308,57309],{},"count one specific item",[261,57311,57312],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[261,57314,57315],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57317,57318],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[31,57320,3836],{"id":3835},[36,57322,57324],{"className":38,"code":57323,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57325,57326,57354,57372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57327,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344,57346,57348,57350,57352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57329,3846],{"class":51},[45,57331,56],{"class":55},[45,57333,1427],{"class":59},[45,57335,1430],{"class":96},[45,57337,84],{"class":59},[45,57339,1035],{"class":96},[45,57341,84],{"class":59},[45,57343,1035],{"class":96},[45,57345,84],{"class":59},[45,57347,1063],{"class":96},[45,57349,84],{"class":59},[45,57351,1035],{"class":96},[45,57353,244],{"class":59},[45,57355,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368,57370],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57357,716],{"class":51},[45,57359,56],{"class":55},[45,57361,4488],{"class":51},[45,57363,132],{"class":59},[45,57365,41258],{"class":135},[45,57367,156],{"class":59},[45,57369,1133],{"class":96},[45,57371,161],{"class":59},[45,57373,57374,57376,57378,57380,57382],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,57375,153],{"class":152},[45,57377,156],{"class":59},[45,57379,740],{"class":135},[45,57381,3889],{"class":59},[45,57383,50773],{"class":1712},[20,57385,1006,57386,57389],{},[15,57387,57388],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[31,57391,253,57393,256],{"id":57392},"what-listcount-does",[15,57394,57300],{},[20,57396,57397,73],{},[15,57398,57300],{},[258,57400,57401,57404,57407,57410],{},[261,57402,57403],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[261,57405,57406],{},"returns an integer",[261,57408,57409],{},"does not change the original list",[261,57411,57412],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57414,57415],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57417,57418,57419,132],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57420,2294],{},[20,57422,57423,57424,132],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57425,1117],{},[31,57427,284],{"id":283},[20,57429,2389],{},[36,57431,57433],{"className":38,"code":57432,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57434,57435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57436,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445,57447],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57438,1449],{"class":51},[45,57440,132],{"class":59},[45,57442,41258],{"class":135},[45,57444,156],{"class":59},[45,57446,947],{"class":135},[45,57448,161],{"class":59},[258,57450,57451,57456],{},[261,57452,57453,57455],{},[15,57454,1449],{}," is the list you want to search",[261,57457,57458,57460],{},[15,57459,947],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57462,361],{},[36,57464,57466],{"className":38,"code":57465,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57467,57468,57508],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57469,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57471,36085],{"class":51},[45,57473,56],{"class":55},[45,57475,1427],{"class":59},[45,57477,64],{"class":63},[45,57479,277],{"class":67},[45,57481,64],{"class":63},[45,57483,84],{"class":59},[45,57485,76],{"class":63},[45,57487,1930],{"class":67},[45,57489,64],{"class":63},[45,57491,84],{"class":59},[45,57493,76],{"class":63},[45,57495,277],{"class":67},[45,57497,64],{"class":63},[45,57499,84],{"class":59},[45,57501,76],{"class":63},[45,57503,9951],{"class":67},[45,57505,64],{"class":63},[45,57507,244],{"class":59},[45,57509,57510,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57511,153],{"class":152},[45,57513,156],{"class":59},[45,57515,36138],{"class":135},[45,57517,132],{"class":59},[45,57519,41258],{"class":135},[45,57521,156],{"class":59},[45,57523,64],{"class":63},[45,57525,277],{"class":67},[45,57527,64],{"class":63},[45,57529,179],{"class":59},[20,57531,182],{},[36,57533,57534],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,57535,57536],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57537,57538],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57539,1148],{"class":96},[20,57541,57542,57543,132],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57544,1117],{},[31,57546,38017],{"id":38016},[20,57548,57549,57550,57552,57553,132],{},"The return value from ",[15,57551,57295],{}," is always an ",[15,57554,2418],{},[20,57556,57557],{},"Possible results:",[258,57559,57560,57565,57570],{},[261,57561,57562,57564],{},[15,57563,1117],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[261,57566,57567,57569],{},[15,57568,1430],{}," if it appears once",[261,57571,57572,57574],{},[15,57573,1133],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57576,361],{},[36,57578,57580],{"className":38,"code":57579,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57581,57582,57622,57626,57651,57676],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57583,57584,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57585,13274],{"class":51},[45,57587,56],{"class":55},[45,57589,1427],{"class":59},[45,57591,64],{"class":63},[45,57593,13291],{"class":67},[45,57595,64],{"class":63},[45,57597,84],{"class":59},[45,57599,76],{"class":63},[45,57601,703],{"class":67},[45,57603,64],{"class":63},[45,57605,84],{"class":59},[45,57607,76],{"class":63},[45,57609,17637],{"class":67},[45,57611,64],{"class":63},[45,57613,84],{"class":59},[45,57615,76],{"class":63},[45,57617,703],{"class":67},[45,57619,64],{"class":63},[45,57621,244],{"class":59},[45,57623,57624],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57625,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,57627,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,57629,153],{"class":152},[45,57631,156],{"class":59},[45,57633,17684],{"class":135},[45,57635,132],{"class":59},[45,57637,41258],{"class":135},[45,57639,156],{"class":59},[45,57641,64],{"class":63},[45,57643,703],{"class":67},[45,57645,64],{"class":63},[45,57647,5582],{"class":59},[45,57649,57650],{"class":1712},"   # 2\n",[45,57652,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,57654,153],{"class":152},[45,57656,156],{"class":59},[45,57658,17684],{"class":135},[45,57660,132],{"class":59},[45,57662,41258],{"class":135},[45,57664,156],{"class":59},[45,57666,64],{"class":63},[45,57668,13291],{"class":67},[45,57670,64],{"class":63},[45,57672,5582],{"class":59},[45,57674,57675],{"class":1712},"    # 1\n",[45,57677,57678,57680,57682,57684,57686,57688,57690,57692,57694,57696,57698],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,57679,153],{"class":152},[45,57681,156],{"class":59},[45,57683,17684],{"class":135},[45,57685,132],{"class":59},[45,57687,41258],{"class":135},[45,57689,156],{"class":59},[45,57691,64],{"class":63},[45,57693,22698],{"class":67},[45,57695,64],{"class":63},[45,57697,5582],{"class":59},[45,57699,57700],{"class":1712}," # 0\n",[20,57702,57703,57704,57706,57707,57709,57710,132],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57705,57295],{}," works, but using ",[15,57708,927],{}," is often simpler. See ",[277,57711,6419],{"href":6418},[31,57713,57715],{"id":57714},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57717,57718,57720],{},[15,57719,57300],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57722,57723],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57725,43650],{},[258,57727,57728,57731,57734,57741],{},[261,57729,57730],{},"matches are based on equality",[261,57732,57733],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[261,57735,57736,329,57738,57740],{},[15,57737,1430],{},[15,57739,3831],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[261,57742,57743],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1398,57745,57747],{"id":57746},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[36,57749,57751],{"className":38,"code":57750,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57752,57753,57786,57810],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57754,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57774,57776,57778,57780,57782,57784],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57756,4296],{"class":51},[45,57758,56],{"class":55},[45,57760,1427],{"class":59},[45,57762,64],{"class":63},[45,57764,1028],{"class":67},[45,57766,64],{"class":63},[45,57768,84],{"class":59},[45,57770,76],{"class":63},[45,57772,57773],{"class":67},"Apple",[45,57775,64],{"class":63},[45,57777,84],{"class":59},[45,57779,76],{"class":63},[45,57781,1028],{"class":67},[45,57783,64],{"class":63},[45,57785,244],{"class":59},[45,57787,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802,57804,57806,57808],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57789,153],{"class":152},[45,57791,156],{"class":59},[45,57793,4338],{"class":135},[45,57795,132],{"class":59},[45,57797,41258],{"class":135},[45,57799,156],{"class":59},[45,57801,64],{"class":63},[45,57803,1028],{"class":67},[45,57805,64],{"class":63},[45,57807,5582],{"class":59},[45,57809,51418],{"class":1712},[45,57811,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830,57832],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,57813,153],{"class":152},[45,57815,156],{"class":59},[45,57817,4338],{"class":135},[45,57819,132],{"class":59},[45,57821,41258],{"class":135},[45,57823,156],{"class":59},[45,57825,64],{"class":63},[45,57827,57773],{"class":67},[45,57829,64],{"class":63},[45,57831,5582],{"class":59},[45,57833,27936],{"class":1712},[20,57835,57836,329,57839,57842],{},[15,57837,57838],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57840,57841],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1398,57844,57846,329,57848,57850],{"id":57845},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57847,1430],{},[15,57849,3831],{}," can match",[36,57852,57854],{"className":38,"code":57853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57855,57856,57880,57900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57857,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57859,124],{"class":51},[45,57861,56],{"class":55},[45,57863,1427],{"class":59},[45,57865,1430],{"class":96},[45,57867,84],{"class":59},[45,57869,4142],{"class":4080},[45,57871,84],{"class":59},[45,57873,1035],{"class":96},[45,57875,84],{"class":59},[45,57877,1049],{"class":96},[45,57879,244],{"class":59},[45,57881,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57883,153],{"class":152},[45,57885,156],{"class":59},[45,57887,136],{"class":135},[45,57889,132],{"class":59},[45,57891,41258],{"class":135},[45,57893,156],{"class":59},[45,57895,1430],{"class":96},[45,57897,5582],{"class":59},[45,57899,50921],{"class":1712},[45,57901,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,57903,153],{"class":152},[45,57905,156],{"class":59},[45,57907,136],{"class":135},[45,57909,132],{"class":59},[45,57911,41258],{"class":135},[45,57913,156],{"class":59},[45,57915,3831],{"class":4080},[45,57917,5582],{"class":59},[45,57919,50773],{"class":1712},[20,57921,4635],{},[20,57923,57924],{},"In Python:",[258,57926,57927,57932],{},[261,57928,57929],{},[15,57930,57931],{},"True == 1",[261,57933,57934],{},[15,57935,57936],{},"False == 0",[20,57938,53657,57939,57941],{},[15,57940,57295],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1398,57943,57945],{"id":57944},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[36,57947,57949],{"className":38,"code":57948,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57950,57951,57993],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,57952,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973,57975,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,57954,8001],{"class":51},[45,57956,56],{"class":55},[45,57958,56298],{"class":59},[45,57960,1430],{"class":96},[45,57962,84],{"class":59},[45,57964,1035],{"class":96},[45,57966,18243],{"class":59},[45,57968,1427],{"class":59},[45,57970,2294],{"class":96},[45,57972,84],{"class":59},[45,57974,2687],{"class":96},[45,57976,18243],{"class":59},[45,57978,1427],{"class":59},[45,57980,1430],{"class":96},[45,57982,84],{"class":59},[45,57984,1035],{"class":96},[45,57986,18243],{"class":59},[45,57988,1427],{"class":59},[45,57990,1430],{"class":96},[45,57992,53246],{"class":59},[45,57994,57995,57997,57999,58001,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,57996,153],{"class":152},[45,57998,156],{"class":59},[45,58000,1289],{"class":135},[45,58002,132],{"class":59},[45,58004,41258],{"class":135},[45,58006,195],{"class":59},[45,58008,1430],{"class":96},[45,58010,84],{"class":59},[45,58012,1035],{"class":96},[45,58014,4959],{"class":59},[45,58016,51418],{"class":1712},[20,58018,58019],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[31,58021,58023],{"id":58022},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1398,58025,58027],{"id":58026},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[36,58029,58031],{"className":38,"code":58030,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58032,58033,58061,58079,58083],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58034,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58036,3846],{"class":51},[45,58038,56],{"class":55},[45,58040,1427],{"class":59},[45,58042,2560],{"class":96},[45,58044,84],{"class":59},[45,58046,97],{"class":96},[45,58048,84],{"class":59},[45,58050,6225],{"class":96},[45,58052,84],{"class":59},[45,58054,8016],{"class":96},[45,58056,84],{"class":59},[45,58058,6225],{"class":96},[45,58060,244],{"class":59},[45,58062,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58073,58075,58077],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58064,716],{"class":51},[45,58066,56],{"class":55},[45,58068,4488],{"class":51},[45,58070,132],{"class":59},[45,58072,41258],{"class":135},[45,58074,156],{"class":59},[45,58076,2560],{"class":96},[45,58078,161],{"class":59},[45,58080,58081],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,58082,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,58084,58085,58087,58089,58091],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,58086,153],{"class":152},[45,58088,156],{"class":59},[45,58090,740],{"class":135},[45,58092,161],{"class":59},[20,58094,182],{},[36,58096,58097],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,58098,58099],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58100,58101],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58102,46618],{"class":96},[1398,58104,58106],{"id":58105},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[36,58108,58110],{"className":38,"code":58109,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58111,58112,58154,58176,58180],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58113,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147,58150,58152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58115,4296],{"class":51},[45,58117,56],{"class":55},[45,58119,1427],{"class":59},[45,58121,64],{"class":63},[45,58123,37043],{"class":67},[45,58125,64],{"class":63},[45,58127,84],{"class":59},[45,58129,76],{"class":63},[45,58131,58132],{"class":67},"dog",[45,58134,64],{"class":63},[45,58136,84],{"class":59},[45,58138,76],{"class":63},[45,58140,37043],{"class":67},[45,58142,64],{"class":63},[45,58144,84],{"class":59},[45,58146,76],{"class":63},[45,58148,58149],{"class":67},"bird",[45,58151,64],{"class":63},[45,58153,244],{"class":59},[45,58155,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58157,716],{"class":51},[45,58159,56],{"class":55},[45,58161,6389],{"class":51},[45,58163,132],{"class":59},[45,58165,41258],{"class":135},[45,58167,156],{"class":59},[45,58169,64],{"class":63},[45,58171,37043],{"class":67},[45,58173,64],{"class":63},[45,58175,161],{"class":59},[45,58177,58178],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,58179,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,58181,58182,58184,58186,58188],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,58183,153],{"class":152},[45,58185,156],{"class":59},[45,58187,740],{"class":135},[45,58189,161],{"class":59},[20,58191,182],{},[36,58193,58194],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,58195,58196],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58197,58198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58199,1148],{"class":96},[1398,58201,58203],{"id":58202},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[36,58205,58207],{"className":38,"code":58206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58208,58209,58233,58251,58255],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58210,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58212,3846],{"class":51},[45,58214,56],{"class":55},[45,58216,1427],{"class":59},[45,58218,1430],{"class":96},[45,58220,84],{"class":59},[45,58222,1035],{"class":96},[45,58224,84],{"class":59},[45,58226,1063],{"class":96},[45,58228,84],{"class":59},[45,58230,2687],{"class":96},[45,58232,244],{"class":59},[45,58234,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58236,716],{"class":51},[45,58238,56],{"class":55},[45,58240,4488],{"class":51},[45,58242,132],{"class":59},[45,58244,41258],{"class":135},[45,58246,156],{"class":59},[45,58248,2366],{"class":96},[45,58250,161],{"class":59},[45,58252,58253],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,58254,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,58256,58257,58259,58261,58263],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,58258,153],{"class":152},[45,58260,156],{"class":59},[45,58262,740],{"class":135},[45,58264,161],{"class":59},[20,58266,182],{},[36,58268,58269],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,58270,58271],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58272,58273],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58274,47253],{"class":96},[1398,58276,58278],{"id":58277},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[36,58280,58282],{"className":38,"code":58281,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58283,58284,58330,58352,58356],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58285,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58287,1909],{"class":51},[45,58289,56],{"class":55},[45,58291,56298],{"class":59},[45,58293,1430],{"class":96},[45,58295,84],{"class":59},[45,58297,1035],{"class":96},[45,58299,18243],{"class":59},[45,58301,1427],{"class":59},[45,58303,1430],{"class":96},[45,58305,84],{"class":59},[45,58307,1035],{"class":96},[45,58309,18243],{"class":59},[45,58311,1427],{"class":59},[45,58313,1133],{"class":96},[45,58315,84],{"class":59},[45,58317,1063],{"class":96},[45,58319,18243],{"class":59},[45,58321,1427],{"class":59},[45,58323,1430],{"class":96},[45,58325,84],{"class":59},[45,58327,1035],{"class":96},[45,58329,53246],{"class":59},[45,58331,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58348,58350],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58333,716],{"class":51},[45,58335,56],{"class":55},[45,58337,14759],{"class":51},[45,58339,132],{"class":59},[45,58341,41258],{"class":135},[45,58343,195],{"class":59},[45,58345,1430],{"class":96},[45,58347,84],{"class":59},[45,58349,1035],{"class":96},[45,58351,218],{"class":59},[45,58353,58354],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,58355,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,58357,58358,58360,58362,58364],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,58359,153],{"class":152},[45,58361,156],{"class":59},[45,58363,740],{"class":135},[45,58365,161],{"class":59},[20,58367,182],{},[36,58369,58370],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,58371,58372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58373,58374],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58375,46618],{"class":96},[31,58377,5185,58379],{"id":58378},"when-to-use-count",[15,58380,57295],{},[20,58382,1006,58383,58385],{},[15,58384,57295],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58387,58388],{},"Good use cases:",[258,58390,58391,58394,58397],{},[261,58392,58393],{},"counting one specific item",[261,58395,58396],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[261,58398,58399],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58401,361],{},[36,58403,58405],{"className":38,"code":58404,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58406,58407,58448,58472,58476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58408,58409,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58410,58411],{"class":51},"votes ",[45,58413,56],{"class":55},[45,58415,1427],{"class":59},[45,58417,64],{"class":63},[45,58419,8875],{"class":67},[45,58421,64],{"class":63},[45,58423,84],{"class":59},[45,58425,76],{"class":63},[45,58427,8815],{"class":67},[45,58429,64],{"class":63},[45,58431,84],{"class":59},[45,58433,76],{"class":63},[45,58435,8875],{"class":67},[45,58437,64],{"class":63},[45,58439,84],{"class":59},[45,58441,76],{"class":63},[45,58443,8875],{"class":67},[45,58445,64],{"class":63},[45,58447,244],{"class":59},[45,58449,58450,58453,58455,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58451,58452],{"class":51},"yes_votes ",[45,58454,56],{"class":55},[45,58456,58457],{"class":51}," votes",[45,58459,132],{"class":59},[45,58461,41258],{"class":135},[45,58463,156],{"class":59},[45,58465,64],{"class":63},[45,58467,8875],{"class":67},[45,58469,64],{"class":63},[45,58471,161],{"class":59},[45,58473,58474],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,58475,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,58477,58478,58480,58482,58485],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,58479,153],{"class":152},[45,58481,156],{"class":59},[45,58483,58484],{"class":135},"yes_votes",[45,58486,161],{"class":59},[20,58488,58489,58491],{},[15,58490,57295],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58493,58494,58495,329,58497,132],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[277,58496,52775],{"href":50982},[277,58498,58500],{"href":58499},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[31,58502,3061],{"id":3060},[20,58504,8664,58505,132],{},[15,58506,57300],{},[1398,58508,58510],{"id":58509},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58512,58513,58515],{},[15,58514,57300],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[36,58517,58519],{"className":38,"code":58518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58520,58521,58554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58522,58523,58525,58527,58529,58531,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58524,4296],{"class":51},[45,58526,56],{"class":55},[45,58528,1427],{"class":59},[45,58530,64],{"class":63},[45,58532,58533],{"class":67},"apple pie",[45,58535,64],{"class":63},[45,58537,84],{"class":59},[45,58539,76],{"class":63},[45,58541,1042],{"class":67},[45,58543,64],{"class":63},[45,58545,84],{"class":59},[45,58547,76],{"class":63},[45,58549,58533],{"class":67},[45,58551,64],{"class":63},[45,58553,244],{"class":59},[45,58555,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58557,153],{"class":152},[45,58559,156],{"class":59},[45,58561,4338],{"class":135},[45,58563,132],{"class":59},[45,58565,41258],{"class":135},[45,58567,156],{"class":59},[45,58569,64],{"class":63},[45,58571,1028],{"class":67},[45,58573,64],{"class":63},[45,58575,5582],{"class":59},[45,58577,51250],{"class":1712},[20,58579,2718,58580,2079],{},[15,58581,1117],{},[20,58583,29217,58584,58586,58587,132],{},[15,58585,57838],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58588,58589],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58591,58592,58593,132],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58594,58595],{},"str.count()",[1398,58597,8670,58599,8673,58601,995,58603],{"id":58598},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58600,57295],{},[15,58602,3831],{},[15,58604,3902],{},[20,58606,58607,58609],{},[15,58608,57295],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[36,58611,58613],{"className":38,"code":58612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58614,58615,58639],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58616,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627,58629,58631,58633,58635,58637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58618,3846],{"class":51},[45,58620,56],{"class":55},[45,58622,1427],{"class":59},[45,58624,1430],{"class":96},[45,58626,84],{"class":59},[45,58628,1035],{"class":96},[45,58630,84],{"class":59},[45,58632,1035],{"class":96},[45,58634,84],{"class":59},[45,58636,1063],{"class":96},[45,58638,244],{"class":59},[45,58640,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58642,153],{"class":152},[45,58644,156],{"class":59},[45,58646,3876],{"class":135},[45,58648,132],{"class":59},[45,58650,41258],{"class":135},[45,58652,156],{"class":59},[45,58654,1133],{"class":96},[45,58656,5582],{"class":59},[45,58658,51418],{"class":1712},[20,58660,58661],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[36,58663,58665],{"className":38,"code":58664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58666,58667],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58668,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58670,153],{"class":152},[45,58672,156],{"class":59},[45,58674,1133],{"class":96},[45,58676,21352],{"class":921},[45,58678,4488],{"class":135},[45,58680,3889],{"class":59},[45,58682,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,58684,58686],{"id":58685},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[36,58688,58690],{"className":38,"code":58689,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58691,58692,58725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58693,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58721,58723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58695,5219],{"class":51},[45,58697,56],{"class":55},[45,58699,1427],{"class":59},[45,58701,64],{"class":63},[45,58703,7898],{"class":67},[45,58705,64],{"class":63},[45,58707,84],{"class":59},[45,58709,76],{"class":63},[45,58711,20396],{"class":67},[45,58713,64],{"class":63},[45,58715,84],{"class":59},[45,58717,76],{"class":63},[45,58719,58720],{"class":67},"SAM",[45,58722,64],{"class":63},[45,58724,244],{"class":59},[45,58726,58727,58729,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58728,153],{"class":152},[45,58730,156],{"class":59},[45,58732,5263],{"class":135},[45,58734,132],{"class":59},[45,58736,41258],{"class":135},[45,58738,156],{"class":59},[45,58740,64],{"class":63},[45,58742,20396],{"class":67},[45,58744,64],{"class":63},[45,58746,5582],{"class":59},[45,58748,27936],{"class":1712},[20,58750,58751,58752,58755],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58753,58754],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1398,58757,1401,58759,1404],{"id":58758},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58760,57295],{},[20,58762,58763],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[36,58765,58767],{"className":38,"code":58766,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58768,58769,58779,58793,58811,58825,58837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,58770,58771,58773,58775,58777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,58772,153],{"class":152},[45,58774,156],{"class":59},[45,58776,1449],{"class":135},[45,58778,161],{"class":59},[45,58780,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,58782,153],{"class":152},[45,58784,156],{"class":59},[45,58786,1478],{"class":171},[45,58788,156],{"class":59},[45,58790,1449],{"class":135},[45,58792,179],{"class":59},[45,58794,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,58796,153],{"class":152},[45,58798,156],{"class":59},[45,58800,1449],{"class":135},[45,58802,132],{"class":59},[45,58804,41258],{"class":135},[45,58806,156],{"class":59},[45,58808,947],{"class":135},[45,58810,179],{"class":59},[45,58812,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,58814,153],{"class":152},[45,58816,156],{"class":59},[45,58818,2677],{"class":135},[45,58820,927],{"class":921},[45,58822,8613],{"class":135},[45,58824,161],{"class":59},[45,58826,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,58828,855],{"class":921},[45,58830,6181],{"class":51},[45,58832,927],{"class":921},[45,58834,8613],{"class":51},[45,58836,6614],{"class":59},[45,58838,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,58840,942],{"class":152},[45,58842,156],{"class":59},[45,58844,41778],{"class":152},[45,58846,156],{"class":59},[45,58848,23483],{"class":135},[45,58850,179],{"class":59},[20,58852,58853],{},"These checks can help you see:",[258,58855,58856,58859,58862],{},[261,58857,58858],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[261,58860,58861],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[261,58863,58864],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58866,58867],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[258,58869,58870,58875,58878,58885],{},[261,58871,50494,58872,58874],{},[15,58873,57295],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[261,58876,58877],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[261,58879,11314,58880,58882,58883],{},[15,58881,57300],{}," with string ",[15,58884,57295],{},[261,58886,58887],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[31,58889,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,58891,2062,58893,58895],{"id":58892},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58894,57300],{}," change the list?",[20,58897,58898],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1398,58900,58902],{"id":58901},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58904,12112,58905,132],{},[15,58906,1117],{},[1398,58908,5390,58910,58912],{"id":58909},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58911,57300],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58914,58915],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1398,58917,15096,58919,58921],{"id":58918},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58920,57300],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58923,42151,58924,329,58926,58928],{},[15,58925,57841],{},[15,58927,57838],{}," are different values.",[1398,58930,5378,58932,58934,58935,2079],{"id":58931},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58933,3831],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58936,1430],{},[20,58938,9003,58939,58941,58942,329,58944,58941,58946,132],{},[15,58940,3831],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58943,1430],{},[15,58945,3902],{},[15,58947,1117],{},[31,58949,2114],{"id":2113},[258,58951,58952,58956,58962,58966,58974,58981],{},[261,58953,58954],{},[277,58955,52775],{"href":50982},[261,58957,58958],{},[277,58959,58961],{"href":58960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[261,58963,58964],{},[277,58965,7157],{"href":6418},[261,58967,58968],{},[277,58969,55524,58971,994],{"href":58970},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58972,58973],{},"index()",[261,58975,58976],{},[277,58977,3802,58979],{"href":58978},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58980,42360],{},[261,58982,58983],{},[277,58984,58985],{"href":58499},"What is a list in Python",[2154,58987,58988],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":58990},[58991,58992,58994,58995,58996,59002,59008,59010,59018,59029],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":57392,"depth":121,"text":58993},"What list.count() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":38016,"depth":121,"text":38017},{"id":57714,"depth":121,"text":57715,"children":58997},[58998,58999,59001],{"id":57746,"depth":142,"text":57747},{"id":57845,"depth":142,"text":59000},"1 and True can match",{"id":57944,"depth":142,"text":57945},{"id":58022,"depth":121,"text":58023,"children":59003},[59004,59005,59006,59007],{"id":58026,"depth":142,"text":58027},{"id":58105,"depth":142,"text":58106},{"id":58202,"depth":142,"text":58203},{"id":58277,"depth":142,"text":58278},{"id":58378,"depth":121,"text":59009},"When to use count()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":59011},[59012,59013,59015,59016],{"id":58509,"depth":142,"text":58510},{"id":58598,"depth":142,"text":59014},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58685,"depth":142,"text":58686},{"id":58758,"depth":142,"text":59017},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":59019},[59020,59022,59023,59025,59027],{"id":58892,"depth":142,"text":59021},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58901,"depth":142,"text":58902},{"id":58909,"depth":142,"text":59024},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58918,"depth":142,"text":59026},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58931,"depth":142,"text":59028},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57287,"description":59030},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59037,"title":59038,"body":59039,"description":61002,"extension":2195,"meta":61003,"navigation":145,"path":61004,"seo":61005,"stem":61006,"__hash__":61007},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59040,"toc":60965},[59041,59044,59047,59049,59177,59181,59262,59273,59275,59294,59298,59301,59304,59322,59324,59367,59371,59396,59405,59409,59414,59417,59534,59538,59607,59611,59623,59627,59630,59671,59675,59688,59691,59776,59780,59813,59820,59826,59831,59833,59845,59849,59882,59886,59918,59922,59959,59963,59983,59987,60021,60025,60054,60065,60069,60072,60075,60088,60145,60149,60188,60194,60197,60199,60202,60206,60209,60234,60236,60261,60268,60271,60316,60320,60339,60342,60381,60388,60393,60427,60431,60532,60539,60572,60576,60602,60606,60609,60647,60650,60687,60691,60694,60713,60717,60778,60780,60798,60802,60805,60808,60837,60839,60843,60846,60854,60858,60861,60881,60887,60893,60897,60900,60907,60915,60917,60956,60962],[10,59042,59038],{"id":59043},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59045,59046],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[31,59048,3836],{"id":3835},[36,59050,59052],{"className":38,"code":59051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59053,59054,59074,59106,59114,59132,59136,59146,59156,59167],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59055,59056,59058,59060,59062,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59057,3846],{"class":51},[45,59059,56],{"class":55},[45,59061,1427],{"class":59},[45,59063,1430],{"class":96},[45,59065,84],{"class":59},[45,59067,1035],{"class":96},[45,59069,84],{"class":59},[45,59071,1063],{"class":96},[45,59073,244],{"class":59},[45,59075,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088,59090,59092,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59077,5219],{"class":51},[45,59079,56],{"class":55},[45,59081,1427],{"class":59},[45,59083,64],{"class":63},[45,59085,79],{"class":67},[45,59087,64],{"class":63},[45,59089,84],{"class":59},[45,59091,76],{"class":63},[45,59093,35935],{"class":67},[45,59095,64],{"class":63},[45,59097,84],{"class":59},[45,59099,76],{"class":63},[45,59101,35944],{"class":67},[45,59103,64],{"class":63},[45,59105,244],{"class":59},[45,59107,59108,59110,59112],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59109,55935],{"class":51},[45,59111,56],{"class":55},[45,59113,8059],{"class":59},[45,59115,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124,59126,59128,59130],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,59117,36085],{"class":51},[45,59119,56],{"class":55},[45,59121,587],{"class":171},[45,59123,156],{"class":59},[45,59125,64],{"class":63},[45,59127,41559],{"class":67},[45,59129,64],{"class":63},[45,59131,161],{"class":59},[45,59133,59134],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,59135,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,59137,59138,59140,59142,59144],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,59139,153],{"class":152},[45,59141,156],{"class":59},[45,59143,3876],{"class":135},[45,59145,161],{"class":59},[45,59147,59148,59150,59152,59154],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,59149,153],{"class":152},[45,59151,156],{"class":59},[45,59153,5263],{"class":135},[45,59155,161],{"class":59},[45,59157,59158,59160,59162,59165],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,59159,153],{"class":152},[45,59161,156],{"class":59},[45,59163,59164],{"class":135},"empty_list",[45,59166,161],{"class":59},[45,59168,59169,59171,59173,59175],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,59170,153],{"class":152},[45,59172,156],{"class":59},[45,59174,36138],{"class":135},[45,59176,161],{"class":59},[20,59178,59179],{},[355,59180,182],{},[36,59182,59184],{"className":38,"code":59183,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59185,59186,59202,59230,59234],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59187,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59189,223],{"class":59},[45,59191,1430],{"class":96},[45,59193,84],{"class":59},[45,59195,1035],{"class":96},[45,59197,84],{"class":59},[45,59199,1063],{"class":96},[45,59201,244],{"class":59},[45,59203,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59205,223],{"class":59},[45,59207,198],{"class":63},[45,59209,79],{"class":67},[45,59211,198],{"class":63},[45,59213,84],{"class":59},[45,59215,211],{"class":63},[45,59217,35935],{"class":67},[45,59219,198],{"class":63},[45,59221,84],{"class":59},[45,59223,211],{"class":63},[45,59225,35944],{"class":67},[45,59227,198],{"class":63},[45,59229,244],{"class":59},[45,59231,59232],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59233,38294],{"class":59},[45,59235,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,59237,223],{"class":59},[45,59239,198],{"class":63},[45,59241,277],{"class":67},[45,59243,198],{"class":63},[45,59245,84],{"class":59},[45,59247,211],{"class":63},[45,59249,1930],{"class":67},[45,59251,198],{"class":63},[45,59253,84],{"class":59},[45,59255,211],{"class":63},[45,59257,9951],{"class":67},[45,59259,198],{"class":63},[45,59261,244],{"class":59},[20,59263,59264,59265,59267,59268,59270,59271,132],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59266,4015],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59269,24947],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59272,36193],{},[31,59274,15356],{"id":15355},[258,59276,59277,59280,59283,59286,59291],{},[261,59278,59279],{},"What a list is in Python",[261,59281,59282],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[261,59284,59285],{},"How to create an empty list",[261,59287,59288,59289,2532],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59290,24947],{},[261,59292,59293],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[31,59295,59297],{"id":59296},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59299,59300],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59302,59303],{},"This means:",[258,59305,59306,59309,59312,59315],{},[261,59307,59308],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[261,59310,59311],{},"The order of items is kept",[261,59313,59314],{},"A list can hold different data types",[261,59316,59317,59318,59321],{},"A list is ",[355,59319,59320],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59323,361],{},[36,59325,59327],{"className":38,"code":59326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59328,59329,59353,59357],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59330,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59332,8001],{"class":51},[45,59334,56],{"class":55},[45,59336,1427],{"class":59},[45,59338,64],{"class":63},[45,59340,1028],{"class":67},[45,59342,64],{"class":63},[45,59344,84],{"class":59},[45,59346,6225],{"class":96},[45,59348,84],{"class":59},[45,59350,4142],{"class":4080},[45,59352,244],{"class":59},[45,59354,59355],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59356,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,59358,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59360,153],{"class":152},[45,59362,156],{"class":59},[45,59364,1289],{"class":135},[45,59366,161],{"class":59},[20,59368,59369],{},[355,59370,182],{},[36,59372,59374],{"className":38,"code":59373,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59375,59376],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59377,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59379,223],{"class":59},[45,59381,198],{"class":63},[45,59383,1028],{"class":67},[45,59385,198],{"class":63},[45,59387,84],{"class":59},[45,59389,6225],{"class":96},[45,59391,84],{"class":59},[45,59393,4142],{"class":4080},[45,59395,244],{"class":59},[20,59397,59398,59399,995,59402,132],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[277,59400,59401],{"href":50982},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[277,59403,59404],{"href":58499},"What is a List in Python?",[31,59406,59408],{"id":59407},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59410,59264,59411,59413],{},[15,59412,4015],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59415,59416],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[36,59418,59420],{"className":38,"code":59419,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59421,59422,59442,59474,59499,59503,59513,59523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59425,3846],{"class":51},[45,59427,56],{"class":55},[45,59429,1427],{"class":59},[45,59431,1430],{"class":96},[45,59433,84],{"class":59},[45,59435,1035],{"class":96},[45,59437,84],{"class":59},[45,59439,1063],{"class":96},[45,59441,244],{"class":59},[45,59443,59444,59446,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59445,5219],{"class":51},[45,59447,56],{"class":55},[45,59449,1427],{"class":59},[45,59451,64],{"class":63},[45,59453,79],{"class":67},[45,59455,64],{"class":63},[45,59457,84],{"class":59},[45,59459,76],{"class":63},[45,59461,35935],{"class":67},[45,59463,64],{"class":63},[45,59465,84],{"class":59},[45,59467,76],{"class":63},[45,59469,35944],{"class":67},[45,59471,64],{"class":63},[45,59473,244],{"class":59},[45,59475,59476,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59477,59478],{"class":51},"mixed ",[45,59480,56],{"class":55},[45,59482,1427],{"class":59},[45,59484,2560],{"class":96},[45,59486,84],{"class":59},[45,59488,76],{"class":63},[45,59490,4073],{"class":67},[45,59492,64],{"class":63},[45,59494,84],{"class":59},[45,59496,4133],{"class":4080},[45,59498,244],{"class":59},[45,59500,59501],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,59502,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,59504,59505,59507,59509,59511],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,59506,153],{"class":152},[45,59508,156],{"class":59},[45,59510,3876],{"class":135},[45,59512,161],{"class":59},[45,59514,59515,59517,59519,59521],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,59516,153],{"class":152},[45,59518,156],{"class":59},[45,59520,5263],{"class":135},[45,59522,161],{"class":59},[45,59524,59525,59527,59529,59532],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,59526,153],{"class":152},[45,59528,156],{"class":59},[45,59530,59531],{"class":135},"mixed",[45,59533,161],{"class":59},[20,59535,59536],{},[355,59537,182],{},[36,59539,59541],{"className":38,"code":59540,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59542,59543,59559,59587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59544,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59546,223],{"class":59},[45,59548,1430],{"class":96},[45,59550,84],{"class":59},[45,59552,1035],{"class":96},[45,59554,84],{"class":59},[45,59556,1063],{"class":96},[45,59558,244],{"class":59},[45,59560,59561,59563,59565,59567,59569,59571,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59562,223],{"class":59},[45,59564,198],{"class":63},[45,59566,79],{"class":67},[45,59568,198],{"class":63},[45,59570,84],{"class":59},[45,59572,211],{"class":63},[45,59574,35935],{"class":67},[45,59576,198],{"class":63},[45,59578,84],{"class":59},[45,59580,211],{"class":63},[45,59582,35944],{"class":67},[45,59584,198],{"class":63},[45,59586,244],{"class":59},[45,59588,59589,59591,59593,59595,59597,59599,59601,59603,59605],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59590,223],{"class":59},[45,59592,2560],{"class":96},[45,59594,84],{"class":59},[45,59596,211],{"class":63},[45,59598,4073],{"class":67},[45,59600,198],{"class":63},[45,59602,84],{"class":59},[45,59604,4133],{"class":4080},[45,59606,244],{"class":59},[1398,59608,59610],{"id":59609},"key-points","Key points",[258,59612,59613,59618,59620],{},[261,59614,1006,59615,59617],{},[15,59616,4015],{}," to make a new list",[261,59619,15626],{},[261,59621,59622],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[31,59624,59626],{"id":59625},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59628,59629],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[36,59631,59633],{"className":38,"code":59632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59634,59635,59643,59647,59657],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59636,59637,59639,59641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59638,1422],{"class":51},[45,59640,56],{"class":55},[45,59642,8059],{"class":59},[45,59644,59645],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59646,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,59648,59649,59651,59653,59655],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59650,153],{"class":152},[45,59652,156],{"class":59},[45,59654,1449],{"class":135},[45,59656,161],{"class":59},[45,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,59660,153],{"class":152},[45,59662,156],{"class":59},[45,59664,11369],{"class":152},[45,59666,156],{"class":59},[45,59668,1449],{"class":135},[45,59670,179],{"class":59},[20,59672,59673],{},[355,59674,182],{},[36,59676,59678],{"className":38,"code":59677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[]\n0\n",[15,59679,59680,59684],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59681,59682],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59683,38294],{"class":59},[45,59685,59686],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59687,47253],{"class":96},[20,59689,59690],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[36,59692,59694],{"className":38,"code":59693,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59695,59696,59704,59708,59726,59744,59762,59766],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59697,59698,59700,59702],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59699,5219],{"class":51},[45,59701,56],{"class":55},[45,59703,8059],{"class":59},[45,59705,59706],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59707,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,59709,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720,59722,59724],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,59711,5263],{"class":51},[45,59713,132],{"class":59},[45,59715,13746],{"class":135},[45,59717,156],{"class":59},[45,59719,64],{"class":63},[45,59721,79],{"class":67},[45,59723,64],{"class":63},[45,59725,161],{"class":59},[45,59727,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,59729,5263],{"class":51},[45,59731,132],{"class":59},[45,59733,13746],{"class":135},[45,59735,156],{"class":59},[45,59737,64],{"class":63},[45,59739,35935],{"class":67},[45,59741,64],{"class":63},[45,59743,161],{"class":59},[45,59745,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,59747,5263],{"class":51},[45,59749,132],{"class":59},[45,59751,13746],{"class":135},[45,59753,156],{"class":59},[45,59755,64],{"class":63},[45,59757,35944],{"class":67},[45,59759,64],{"class":63},[45,59761,161],{"class":59},[45,59763,59764],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,59765,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,59767,59768,59770,59772,59774],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,59769,153],{"class":152},[45,59771,156],{"class":59},[45,59773,5263],{"class":135},[45,59775,161],{"class":59},[20,59777,59778],{},[355,59779,182],{},[36,59781,59783],{"className":38,"code":59782,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59784,59785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59786,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59788,223],{"class":59},[45,59790,198],{"class":63},[45,59792,79],{"class":67},[45,59794,198],{"class":63},[45,59796,84],{"class":59},[45,59798,211],{"class":63},[45,59800,35935],{"class":67},[45,59802,198],{"class":63},[45,59804,84],{"class":59},[45,59806,211],{"class":63},[45,59808,35944],{"class":67},[45,59810,198],{"class":63},[45,59812,244],{"class":59},[20,59814,59815,59816,132],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[277,59817,59818,994],{"href":56773},[15,59819,52656],{},[31,59821,59823,59824],{"id":59822},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59825,24947],{},[20,59827,1006,59828,59830],{},[15,59829,24947],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59832,5678],{},[258,59834,59835,59837,59839,59841],{},[261,59836,5530],{},[261,59838,5524],{},[261,59840,5527],{},[261,59842,59843],{},[15,59844,36193],{},[1398,59846,59848],{"id":59847},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[36,59850,59852],{"className":38,"code":59851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59853,59854,59872],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59855,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59857,36085],{"class":51},[45,59859,56],{"class":55},[45,59861,587],{"class":171},[45,59863,156],{"class":59},[45,59865,64],{"class":63},[45,59867,41559],{"class":67},[45,59869,64],{"class":63},[45,59871,161],{"class":59},[45,59873,59874,59876,59878,59880],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59875,153],{"class":152},[45,59877,156],{"class":59},[45,59879,36138],{"class":135},[45,59881,161],{"class":59},[20,59883,59884],{},[355,59885,182],{},[36,59887,59888],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,59889,59890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59891,59892,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59893,223],{"class":59},[45,59895,198],{"class":63},[45,59897,277],{"class":67},[45,59899,198],{"class":63},[45,59901,84],{"class":59},[45,59903,211],{"class":63},[45,59905,1930],{"class":67},[45,59907,198],{"class":63},[45,59909,84],{"class":59},[45,59911,211],{"class":63},[45,59913,9951],{"class":67},[45,59915,198],{"class":63},[45,59917,244],{"class":59},[1398,59919,59921],{"id":59920},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[36,59923,59925],{"className":38,"code":59924,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59926,59927,59949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59928,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945,59947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59930,3846],{"class":51},[45,59932,56],{"class":55},[45,59934,587],{"class":171},[45,59936,5731],{"class":59},[45,59938,1430],{"class":96},[45,59940,84],{"class":59},[45,59942,1035],{"class":96},[45,59944,84],{"class":59},[45,59946,1063],{"class":96},[45,59948,179],{"class":59},[45,59950,59951,59953,59955,59957],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,59952,153],{"class":152},[45,59954,156],{"class":59},[45,59956,3876],{"class":135},[45,59958,161],{"class":59},[20,59960,59961],{},[355,59962,182],{},[36,59964,59965],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,59966,59967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59968,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977,59979,59981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59970,223],{"class":59},[45,59972,1430],{"class":96},[45,59974,84],{"class":59},[45,59976,1035],{"class":96},[45,59978,84],{"class":59},[45,59980,1063],{"class":96},[45,59982,244],{"class":59},[1398,59984,59986],{"id":59985},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[36,59988,59990],{"className":38,"code":59989,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59991,59992,60011],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,59993,59994,59996,59998,60000,60002,60005,60007,60009],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,59995,124],{"class":51},[45,59997,56],{"class":55},[45,59999,587],{"class":171},[45,60001,156],{"class":59},[45,60003,60004],{"class":152},"range",[45,60006,156],{"class":59},[45,60008,2366],{"class":96},[45,60010,179],{"class":59},[45,60012,60013,60015,60017,60019],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60014,153],{"class":152},[45,60016,156],{"class":59},[45,60018,136],{"class":135},[45,60020,161],{"class":59},[20,60022,60023],{},[355,60024,182],{},[36,60026,60028],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60029,60030],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60031,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60033,223],{"class":59},[45,60035,1117],{"class":96},[45,60037,84],{"class":59},[45,60039,1049],{"class":96},[45,60041,84],{"class":59},[45,60043,1035],{"class":96},[45,60045,84],{"class":59},[45,60047,1063],{"class":96},[45,60049,84],{"class":59},[45,60051,2687],{"class":96},[45,60053,244],{"class":59},[20,60055,60056,60058,60059,132],{},[15,60057,24947],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[277,60060,60062,60064],{"href":60061},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60063,24947],{},": Function Explained",[31,60066,60068],{"id":60067},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60070,60071],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60073,60074],{},"Examples include:",[258,60076,60077,60079,60081,60083,60085],{},[261,60078,5530],{},[261,60080,40422],{},[261,60082,52049],{},[261,60084,40592],{},[261,60086,60087],{},"other lists",[36,60089,60091],{"className":38,"code":60090,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60092,60093,60131,60135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60094,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60096,1909],{"class":51},[45,60098,56],{"class":55},[45,60100,1427],{"class":59},[45,60102,64],{"class":63},[45,60104,79],{"class":67},[45,60106,64],{"class":63},[45,60108,84],{"class":59},[45,60110,403],{"class":96},[45,60112,84],{"class":59},[45,60114,4142],{"class":4080},[45,60116,84],{"class":59},[45,60118,1427],{"class":59},[45,60120,1430],{"class":96},[45,60122,84],{"class":59},[45,60124,1035],{"class":96},[45,60126,84],{"class":59},[45,60128,1063],{"class":96},[45,60130,53246],{"class":59},[45,60132,60133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60134,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,60136,60137,60139,60141,60143],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,60138,153],{"class":152},[45,60140,156],{"class":59},[45,60142,1947],{"class":135},[45,60144,161],{"class":59},[20,60146,60147],{},[355,60148,182],{},[36,60150,60152],{"className":38,"code":60151,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60153,60154],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60155,60156,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60157,223],{"class":59},[45,60159,198],{"class":63},[45,60161,79],{"class":67},[45,60163,198],{"class":63},[45,60165,84],{"class":59},[45,60167,403],{"class":96},[45,60169,84],{"class":59},[45,60171,4142],{"class":4080},[45,60173,84],{"class":59},[45,60175,1427],{"class":59},[45,60177,1430],{"class":96},[45,60179,84],{"class":59},[45,60181,1035],{"class":96},[45,60183,84],{"class":59},[45,60185,1063],{"class":96},[45,60187,53246],{"class":59},[20,60189,60190,60191,132],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[355,60192,60193],{},"nested list",[20,60195,60196],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[31,60198,1391],{"id":1390},[20,60200,60201],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1398,60203,60205],{"id":60204},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60207,60208],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[36,60210,60212],{"className":38,"code":60211,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60213,60214,60218],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60215,60216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60217,4759],{"class":1712},[45,60219,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60221,3846],{"class":51},[45,60223,56],{"class":55},[45,60225,1427],{"class":59},[45,60227,1430],{"class":96},[45,60229,1035],{"class":96},[45,60231,1063],{"class":96},[45,60233,244],{"class":59},[20,60235,11015],{},[36,60237,60239],{"className":38,"code":60238,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60240,60241],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60242,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60244,3846],{"class":51},[45,60246,56],{"class":55},[45,60248,1427],{"class":59},[45,60250,1430],{"class":96},[45,60252,84],{"class":59},[45,60254,1035],{"class":96},[45,60256,84],{"class":59},[45,60258,1063],{"class":96},[45,60260,244],{"class":59},[1398,60262,1797,60264,1800,60266],{"id":60263},"using-instead-of",[15,60265,7587],{},[15,60267,4015],{},[20,60269,60270],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[36,60272,60274],{"className":38,"code":60273,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60275,60276,60297,60301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60277,60278,60281,60283,60285,60287,60289,60291,60293,60295],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60279,60280],{"class":51},"my_values ",[45,60282,56],{"class":55},[45,60284,9453],{"class":59},[45,60286,1430],{"class":96},[45,60288,84],{"class":59},[45,60290,1035],{"class":96},[45,60292,84],{"class":59},[45,60294,1063],{"class":96},[45,60296,161],{"class":59},[45,60298,60299],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60300,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,60302,60303,60305,60307,60309,60311,60314],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,60304,153],{"class":152},[45,60306,156],{"class":59},[45,60308,1478],{"class":171},[45,60310,156],{"class":59},[45,60312,60313],{"class":135},"my_values",[45,60315,179],{"class":59},[20,60317,60318],{},[355,60319,182],{},[36,60321,60323],{"className":38,"code":60322,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60324,60325],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60326,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60328,1594],{"class":55},[45,60330,1598],{"class":1597},[45,60332,211],{"class":63},[45,60334,48955],{"class":67},[45,60336,198],{"class":63},[45,60338,1607],{"class":55},[20,60340,60341],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[36,60343,60345],{"className":38,"code":60344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60346,60347,60367],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60348,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60350,60280],{"class":51},[45,60352,56],{"class":55},[45,60354,1427],{"class":59},[45,60356,1430],{"class":96},[45,60358,84],{"class":59},[45,60360,1035],{"class":96},[45,60362,84],{"class":59},[45,60364,1063],{"class":96},[45,60366,244],{"class":59},[45,60368,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60370,153],{"class":152},[45,60372,156],{"class":59},[45,60374,1478],{"class":171},[45,60376,156],{"class":59},[45,60378,60313],{"class":135},[45,60380,179],{"class":59},[1398,60382,8670,60384,60387],{"id":60383},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60385,60386],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60389,60390,60392],{},[15,60391,24947],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[36,60394,60396],{"className":38,"code":60395,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60397,60398,60417],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60399,60400,60402,60404,60406,60408,60410,60413,60415],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60401,716],{"class":51},[45,60403,56],{"class":55},[45,60405,587],{"class":171},[45,60407,156],{"class":59},[45,60409,64],{"class":63},[45,60411,60412],{"class":67},"hello world",[45,60414,64],{"class":63},[45,60416,161],{"class":59},[45,60418,60419,60421,60423,60425],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60420,153],{"class":152},[45,60422,156],{"class":59},[45,60424,740],{"class":135},[45,60426,161],{"class":59},[20,60428,60429],{},[355,60430,182],{},[36,60432,60434],{"className":38,"code":60433,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60435,60436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60437,60438,60440,60442,60445,60447,60449,60451,60454,60456,60458,60460,60463,60465,60467,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477,60480,60482,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507,60509,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60526,60528,60530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60439,223],{"class":59},[45,60441,198],{"class":63},[45,60443,60444],{"class":67},"h",[45,60446,198],{"class":63},[45,60448,84],{"class":59},[45,60450,211],{"class":63},[45,60452,60453],{"class":67},"e",[45,60455,198],{"class":63},[45,60457,84],{"class":59},[45,60459,211],{"class":63},[45,60461,60462],{"class":67},"l",[45,60464,198],{"class":63},[45,60466,84],{"class":59},[45,60468,211],{"class":63},[45,60470,60462],{"class":67},[45,60472,198],{"class":63},[45,60474,84],{"class":59},[45,60476,211],{"class":63},[45,60478,60479],{"class":67},"o",[45,60481,198],{"class":63},[45,60483,84],{"class":59},[45,60485,211],{"class":63},[45,60487,211],{"class":63},[45,60489,84],{"class":59},[45,60491,211],{"class":63},[45,60493,60494],{"class":67},"w",[45,60496,198],{"class":63},[45,60498,84],{"class":59},[45,60500,211],{"class":63},[45,60502,60479],{"class":67},[45,60504,198],{"class":63},[45,60506,84],{"class":59},[45,60508,211],{"class":63},[45,60510,60511],{"class":67},"r",[45,60513,198],{"class":63},[45,60515,84],{"class":59},[45,60517,211],{"class":63},[45,60519,60462],{"class":67},[45,60521,198],{"class":63},[45,60523,84],{"class":59},[45,60525,211],{"class":63},[45,60527,18946],{"class":67},[45,60529,198],{"class":63},[45,60531,244],{"class":59},[20,60533,60534,60535,60538],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60536,60537],{},"split()"," instead:",[36,60540,60542],{"className":38,"code":60541,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60543,60544,60562],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60545,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60547,4296],{"class":51},[45,60549,56],{"class":55},[45,60551,76],{"class":63},[45,60553,60412],{"class":67},[45,60555,64],{"class":63},[45,60557,132],{"class":59},[45,60559,34461],{"class":135},[45,60561,139],{"class":59},[45,60563,60564,60566,60568,60570],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60565,153],{"class":152},[45,60567,156],{"class":59},[45,60569,4338],{"class":135},[45,60571,161],{"class":59},[20,60573,60574],{},[355,60575,182],{},[36,60577,60579],{"className":38,"code":60578,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60580,60581],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60582,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60598,60600],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60584,223],{"class":59},[45,60586,198],{"class":63},[45,60588,4073],{"class":67},[45,60590,198],{"class":63},[45,60592,84],{"class":59},[45,60594,211],{"class":63},[45,60596,60597],{"class":67},"world",[45,60599,198],{"class":63},[45,60601,244],{"class":59},[1398,60603,60605],{"id":60604},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60607,60608],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[36,60610,60612],{"className":38,"code":60611,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60613,60614,60618],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60615,60616],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60617,4759],{"class":1712},[45,60619,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632,60634,60636,60639,60641,60643,60645],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60621,5219],{"class":51},[45,60623,56],{"class":55},[45,60625,1427],{"class":59},[45,60627,64],{"class":63},[45,60629,79],{"class":67},[45,60631,64],{"class":63},[45,60633,84],{"class":59},[45,60635,76],{"class":63},[45,60637,60638],{"class":67},"Ben', ",[45,60640,64],{"class":63},[45,60642,35944],{"class":51},[45,60644,64],{"class":63},[45,60646,244],{"class":67},[20,60648,60649],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[36,60651,60653],{"className":38,"code":60652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60654,60655],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60656,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60667,60669,60671,60673,60675,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60658,5219],{"class":51},[45,60660,56],{"class":55},[45,60662,1427],{"class":59},[45,60664,64],{"class":63},[45,60666,79],{"class":67},[45,60668,64],{"class":63},[45,60670,84],{"class":59},[45,60672,76],{"class":63},[45,60674,35935],{"class":67},[45,60676,64],{"class":63},[45,60678,84],{"class":59},[45,60680,76],{"class":63},[45,60682,35944],{"class":67},[45,60684,64],{"class":63},[45,60686,244],{"class":59},[1398,60688,60690],{"id":60689},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60692,60693],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[258,60695,60696,60699,60702,60707],{},[261,60697,60698],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[261,60700,60701],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[261,60703,60704,60705],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60706,24947],{},[261,60708,8670,60709,60712],{},[15,60710,60711],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1398,60714,60716],{"id":60715},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[36,60718,60720],{"className":38,"code":60719,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60721,60722,60732,60746,60760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60723,60724,60726,60728,60730],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60725,153],{"class":152},[45,60727,156],{"class":59},[45,60729,1449],{"class":135},[45,60731,161],{"class":59},[45,60733,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742,60744],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,60735,153],{"class":152},[45,60737,156],{"class":59},[45,60739,1478],{"class":171},[45,60741,156],{"class":59},[45,60743,1449],{"class":135},[45,60745,179],{"class":59},[45,60747,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,60749,153],{"class":152},[45,60751,156],{"class":59},[45,60753,11369],{"class":152},[45,60755,156],{"class":59},[45,60757,1449],{"class":135},[45,60759,179],{"class":59},[45,60761,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772,60774,60776],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,60763,153],{"class":152},[45,60765,156],{"class":59},[45,60767,172],{"class":171},[45,60769,156],{"class":59},[45,60771,60004],{"class":152},[45,60773,156],{"class":59},[45,60775,2366],{"class":96},[45,60777,3143],{"class":59},[20,60779,26166],{},[258,60781,60782,60785,60788,60791],{},[261,60783,60784],{},"what the list contains",[261,60786,60787],{},"whether the value is really a list",[261,60789,60790],{},"how many items it has",[261,60792,26177,60793,60795,60796],{},[15,60794,24947],{}," does with ",[15,60797,36193],{},[31,60799,60801],{"id":60800},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60803,60804],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60806,60807],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[258,60809,60810,60825,60830],{},[261,60811,1006,60812,2419,60816,17257,60820,60824],{},[277,60813,60814],{"href":56773},[15,60815,52656],{},[277,60817,60818],{"href":53348},[15,60819,53450],{},[277,60821,60822],{"href":53912},[15,60823,54272],{}," to add items later",[261,60826,1006,60827,60829],{},[277,60828,59401],{"href":50982}," for a broader introduction",[261,60831,1006,60832,60836],{},[277,60833,60834,60064],{"href":60061},[15,60835,24947],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[31,60838,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,60840,60842],{"id":60841},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60844,60845],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[36,60847,60848],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,60849,60850],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60851,60852],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60853,38294],{"class":59},[1398,60855,60857],{"id":60856},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60859,60860],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[36,60862,60863],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,60864,60865],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,60866,60867,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,60868,223],{"class":59},[45,60870,1430],{"class":96},[45,60872,84],{"class":59},[45,60874,1035],{"class":96},[45,60876,84],{"class":59},[45,60878,1063],{"class":96},[45,60880,244],{"class":59},[1398,60882,2049,60884,60886],{"id":60883},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60885,24947],{}," do in Python?",[20,60888,60889,60890,60892],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60891,36193],{},", into a list.",[1398,60894,60896],{"id":60895},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60898,60899],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1398,60901,5400,60903,329,60905,2079],{"id":60902},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60904,4015],{},[15,60906,7587],{},[20,60908,60909,60911,60912,60914],{},[15,60910,4015],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60913,7587],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[31,60916,2114],{"id":2113},[258,60918,60919,60923,60929,60935,60941,60947,60951],{},[261,60920,60921],{},[277,60922,59401],{"href":50982},[261,60924,60925],{},[277,60926,55524,60927,18],{"href":56773},[15,60928,52656],{},[261,60930,60931],{},[277,60932,55524,60933,18],{"href":53348},[15,60934,53450],{},[261,60936,60937],{},[277,60938,55524,60939,18],{"href":53912},[15,60940,54272],{},[261,60942,60943],{},[277,60944,3802,60945,3806],{"href":60061},[15,60946,24947],{},[261,60948,60949],{},[277,60950,59404],{"href":58499},[261,60952,60953],{},[277,60954,60955],{"href":12266},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60957,60958,60959,60961],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60960,52656],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2154,60963,60964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":60966},[60967,60968,60969,60970,60973,60974,60980,60981,60991,60992,61001],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":59296,"depth":121,"text":59297},{"id":59407,"depth":121,"text":59408,"children":60971},[60972],{"id":59609,"depth":142,"text":59610},{"id":59625,"depth":121,"text":59626},{"id":59822,"depth":121,"text":60975,"children":60976},"Create a list with list()",[60977,60978,60979],{"id":59847,"depth":142,"text":59848},{"id":59920,"depth":142,"text":59921},{"id":59985,"depth":142,"text":59986},{"id":60067,"depth":121,"text":60068},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":60982},[60983,60984,60986,60988,60989,60990],{"id":60204,"depth":142,"text":60205},{"id":60263,"depth":142,"text":60985},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60383,"depth":142,"text":60987},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60604,"depth":142,"text":60605},{"id":60689,"depth":142,"text":60690},{"id":60715,"depth":142,"text":60716},{"id":60800,"depth":121,"text":60801},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":60993},[60994,60995,60996,60998,60999],{"id":60841,"depth":142,"text":60842},{"id":60856,"depth":142,"text":60857},{"id":60883,"depth":142,"text":60997},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60895,"depth":142,"text":60896},{"id":60902,"depth":142,"text":61000},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59038,"description":61002},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61009,"title":61010,"body":61011,"description":62752,"extension":2195,"meta":62753,"navigation":145,"path":62754,"seo":62755,"stem":62756,"__hash__":62757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61012,"toc":62707},[61013,61018,61023,61026,61028,61099,61104,61109,61113,61127,61132,61134,61154,61159,61162,61185,61189,61194,61286,61288,61310,61316,61322,61329,61336,61342,61399,61405,61463,61465,61477,61485,61491,61496,61500,61557,61560,61564,61623,61626,61630,61688,61700,61704,61757,61760,61764,61770,61776,61838,61841,61902,61905,61961,61966,61968,61972,61979,62040,62045,62054,62110,62117,62121,62179,62188,62246,62250,62285,62289,62299,62302,62357,62371,62374,62489,62494,62498,62509,62511,62590,62600,62602,62607,62612,62619,62627,62633,62636,62642,62645,62651,62657,62659,62695,62704],[10,61014,54346,61016,18],{"id":61015},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61017,53450],{},[20,61019,61020,61022],{},[15,61021,53351],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61024,61025],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[31,61027,34],{"id":33},[36,61029,61031],{"className":38,"code":61030,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61032,61033,61049,61066,61070,61085,61095],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61034,61035,61037,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61036,3846],{"class":51},[45,61038,56],{"class":55},[45,61040,1427],{"class":59},[45,61042,1430],{"class":96},[45,61044,84],{"class":59},[45,61046,1035],{"class":96},[45,61048,244],{"class":59},[45,61050,61051,61054,61056,61058,61060,61062,61064],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61052,61053],{"class":51},"more_numbers ",[45,61055,56],{"class":55},[45,61057,1427],{"class":59},[45,61059,2294],{"class":96},[45,61061,84],{"class":59},[45,61063,2687],{"class":96},[45,61065,244],{"class":59},[45,61067,61068],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61069,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61071,61072,61074,61076,61078,61080,61083],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61073,3876],{"class":51},[45,61075,132],{"class":59},[45,61077,53480],{"class":135},[45,61079,156],{"class":59},[45,61081,61082],{"class":135},"more_numbers",[45,61084,161],{"class":59},[45,61086,61087,61089,61091,61093],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61088,153],{"class":152},[45,61090,156],{"class":59},[45,61092,3876],{"class":135},[45,61094,161],{"class":59},[45,61096,61097],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,61098,52727],{"class":1712},[20,61100,1006,61101,61103],{},[15,61102,53450],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[31,61105,253,61107,256],{"id":61106},"what-listextend-does",[15,61108,53351],{},[20,61110,61111,73],{},[15,61112,53450],{},[258,61114,61115,61118,61120,61123],{},[261,61116,61117],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[261,61119,54432],{},[261,61121,61122],{},"Does not create a new list",[261,61124,11629,61125],{},[15,61126,4006],{},[20,61128,61129,61130,53805],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61131,53450],{},[31,61133,284],{"id":283},[36,61135,61137],{"className":38,"code":61136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61138,61139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61140,61141,61144,61146,61148,61150,61152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61142,61143],{"class":51},"list_name",[45,61145,132],{"class":59},[45,61147,53480],{"class":135},[45,61149,156],{"class":59},[45,61151,3948],{"class":135},[45,61153,161],{"class":59},[20,61155,5673,61156,61158],{},[355,61157,3948],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61160,61161],{},"Common iterables include:",[258,61163,61164,61168,61172,61176,61181],{},[261,61165,61166],{},[15,61167,172],{},[261,61169,61170],{},[15,61171,48955],{},[261,61173,61174],{},[15,61175,6508],{},[261,61177,61178],{},[15,61179,61180],{},"string",[261,61182,61183],{},[15,61184,60004],{},[31,61186,61188],{"id":61187},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61190,61191,61192,73],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61193,53450],{},[36,61195,61197],{"className":38,"code":61196,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61198,61199,61223,61248,61252,61267,61271,61281],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61200,61201,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61202,36234],{"class":51},[45,61204,56],{"class":55},[45,61206,1427],{"class":59},[45,61208,64],{"class":63},[45,61210,1028],{"class":67},[45,61212,64],{"class":63},[45,61214,84],{"class":59},[45,61216,76],{"class":63},[45,61218,1042],{"class":67},[45,61220,64],{"class":63},[45,61222,244],{"class":59},[45,61224,61225,61228,61230,61232,61234,61236,61238,61240,61242,61244,61246],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61226,61227],{"class":51},"more_fruits ",[45,61229,56],{"class":55},[45,61231,1427],{"class":59},[45,61233,64],{"class":63},[45,61235,1056],{"class":67},[45,61237,64],{"class":63},[45,61239,84],{"class":59},[45,61241,76],{"class":63},[45,61243,22707],{"class":67},[45,61245,64],{"class":63},[45,61247,244],{"class":59},[45,61249,61250],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61251,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61253,61254,61256,61258,61260,61262,61265],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61255,36286],{"class":51},[45,61257,132],{"class":59},[45,61259,53480],{"class":135},[45,61261,156],{"class":59},[45,61263,61264],{"class":135},"more_fruits",[45,61266,161],{"class":59},[45,61268,61269],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61270,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61272,61273,61275,61277,61279],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,61274,153],{"class":152},[45,61276,156],{"class":59},[45,61278,36286],{"class":135},[45,61280,161],{"class":59},[45,61282,61283],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,61284,61285],{"class":1712},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61287,816],{},[258,61289,61290,61295,61300],{},[261,61291,61292,61294],{},[15,61293,36286],{}," starts with two items",[261,61296,61297,61299],{},[15,61298,61264],{}," has two more items",[261,61301,61302,61304,61305,61307,61308],{},[15,61303,53450],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61306,61264],{}," to ",[15,61309,36286],{},[20,61311,61312,61313,61315],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61314,36286],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61317,54571,61318,329,61320,132],{},[277,61319,52775],{"href":50982},[277,61321,57159],{"href":57158},[31,61323,61325,1174,61327],{"id":61324},"extend-vs-append",[15,61326,53450],{},[15,61328,52656],{},[20,61330,61331,329,61333,61335],{},[15,61332,53450],{},[15,61334,52656],{}," are often confused.",[1398,61337,61339,61341],{"id":61338},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61340,53450],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[36,61343,61345],{"className":38,"code":61344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61346,61347,61363,61381,61385,61395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61348,61349,61351,61353,61355,61357,61359,61361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61350,3846],{"class":51},[45,61352,56],{"class":55},[45,61354,1427],{"class":59},[45,61356,1430],{"class":96},[45,61358,84],{"class":59},[45,61360,1035],{"class":96},[45,61362,244],{"class":59},[45,61364,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375,61377,61379],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61366,3876],{"class":51},[45,61368,132],{"class":59},[45,61370,53480],{"class":135},[45,61372,195],{"class":59},[45,61374,2294],{"class":96},[45,61376,84],{"class":59},[45,61378,2687],{"class":96},[45,61380,218],{"class":59},[45,61382,61383],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61384,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61386,61387,61389,61391,61393],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61388,153],{"class":152},[45,61390,156],{"class":59},[45,61392,3876],{"class":135},[45,61394,161],{"class":59},[45,61396,61397],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61398,52727],{"class":1712},[1398,61400,61402,61404],{"id":61401},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61403,52656],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[36,61406,61408],{"className":38,"code":61407,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61409,61410,61426,61444,61448,61458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61411,61412,61414,61416,61418,61420,61422,61424],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61413,3846],{"class":51},[45,61415,56],{"class":55},[45,61417,1427],{"class":59},[45,61419,1430],{"class":96},[45,61421,84],{"class":59},[45,61423,1035],{"class":96},[45,61425,244],{"class":59},[45,61427,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440,61442],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61429,3876],{"class":51},[45,61431,132],{"class":59},[45,61433,13746],{"class":135},[45,61435,195],{"class":59},[45,61437,2294],{"class":96},[45,61439,84],{"class":59},[45,61441,2687],{"class":96},[45,61443,218],{"class":59},[45,61445,61446],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61447,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61449,61450,61452,61454,61456],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61451,153],{"class":152},[45,61453,156],{"class":59},[45,61455,3876],{"class":135},[45,61457,161],{"class":59},[45,61459,61460],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61461,61462],{"class":1712},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61464,1363],{},[258,61466,61467,61472],{},[261,61468,61469,61471],{},[15,61470,53450],{}," to combine values",[261,61473,61474,61476],{},[15,61475,52656],{}," to add one item",[20,61478,42092,61479,329,61483,132],{},[277,61480,55524,61481,994],{"href":56773},[15,61482,52656],{},[277,61484,53053],{"href":53052},[31,61486,1797,61488,61490],{"id":61487},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61489,53450],{}," with different iterables",[20,61492,61493,61495],{},[15,61494,53450],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1398,61497,61499],{"id":61498},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[36,61501,61503],{"className":38,"code":61502,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61504,61505,61521,61539,61543,61553],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61506,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515,61517,61519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61508,124],{"class":51},[45,61510,56],{"class":55},[45,61512,1427],{"class":59},[45,61514,1430],{"class":96},[45,61516,84],{"class":59},[45,61518,1035],{"class":96},[45,61520,244],{"class":59},[45,61522,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533,61535,61537],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61524,136],{"class":51},[45,61526,132],{"class":59},[45,61528,53480],{"class":135},[45,61530,5731],{"class":59},[45,61532,2294],{"class":96},[45,61534,84],{"class":59},[45,61536,2687],{"class":96},[45,61538,179],{"class":59},[45,61540,61541],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61542,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61544,61545,61547,61549,61551],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61546,153],{"class":152},[45,61548,156],{"class":59},[45,61550,136],{"class":135},[45,61552,161],{"class":59},[45,61554,61555],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61556,52727],{"class":1712},[20,61558,61559],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1398,61561,61563],{"id":61562},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[36,61565,61567],{"className":38,"code":61566,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61568,61569,61585,61604,61608,61618],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61570,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61572,36085],{"class":51},[45,61574,56],{"class":55},[45,61576,1427],{"class":59},[45,61578,64],{"class":63},[45,61580,277],{"class":67},[45,61582,64],{"class":63},[45,61584,244],{"class":59},[45,61586,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61600,61602],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61588,36138],{"class":51},[45,61590,132],{"class":59},[45,61592,53480],{"class":135},[45,61594,156],{"class":59},[45,61596,64],{"class":63},[45,61598,61599],{"class":67},"bc",[45,61601,64],{"class":63},[45,61603,161],{"class":59},[45,61605,61606],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61607,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61609,61610,61612,61614,61616],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61611,153],{"class":152},[45,61613,156],{"class":59},[45,61615,36138],{"class":135},[45,61617,161],{"class":59},[45,61619,61620],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61621,61622],{"class":1712},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61624,61625],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1398,61627,61629],{"id":61628},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[36,61631,61633],{"className":38,"code":61632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61634,61635,61647,61669,61673,61683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61636,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61638,3846],{"class":51},[45,61640,56],{"class":55},[45,61642,1427],{"class":59},[45,61644,1117],{"class":96},[45,61646,244],{"class":59},[45,61648,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61650,3876],{"class":51},[45,61652,132],{"class":59},[45,61654,53480],{"class":135},[45,61656,156],{"class":59},[45,61658,60004],{"class":152},[45,61660,156],{"class":59},[45,61662,1430],{"class":96},[45,61664,84],{"class":59},[45,61666,2687],{"class":96},[45,61668,179],{"class":59},[45,61670,61671],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61672,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61674,61675,61677,61679,61681],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61676,153],{"class":152},[45,61678,156],{"class":59},[45,61680,3876],{"class":135},[45,61682,161],{"class":59},[45,61684,61685],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61686,61687],{"class":1712},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61689,61690,61693,61694,2419,61696,17257,61698,132],{},[15,61691,61692],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61695,1430],{},[15,61697,1133],{},[15,61699,2294],{},[1398,61701,61703],{"id":61702},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[36,61705,61707],{"className":38,"code":61706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61708,61709,61725,61743,61747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61710,61711,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61712,8001],{"class":51},[45,61714,56],{"class":55},[45,61716,1427],{"class":59},[45,61718,1430],{"class":96},[45,61720,84],{"class":59},[45,61722,1035],{"class":96},[45,61724,244],{"class":59},[45,61726,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61728,1289],{"class":51},[45,61730,132],{"class":59},[45,61732,53480],{"class":135},[45,61734,5750],{"class":59},[45,61736,2294],{"class":96},[45,61738,84],{"class":59},[45,61740,2687],{"class":96},[45,61742,30651],{"class":59},[45,61744,61745],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61746,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61748,61749,61751,61753,61755],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61750,153],{"class":152},[45,61752,156],{"class":59},[45,61754,1289],{"class":135},[45,61756,161],{"class":59},[20,61758,61759],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[31,61761,61763],{"id":61762},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61765,61766,2627,61768,132],{},[15,61767,53450],{},[15,61769,4006],{},[20,61771,61772,61773,73],{},"That means this is ",[355,61774,61775],{},"wrong",[36,61777,61779],{"className":38,"code":61778,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61780,61781,61797,61819,61823,61833],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61782,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61784,3846],{"class":51},[45,61786,56],{"class":55},[45,61788,1427],{"class":59},[45,61790,1430],{"class":96},[45,61792,84],{"class":59},[45,61794,1035],{"class":96},[45,61796,244],{"class":59},[45,61798,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61800,716],{"class":51},[45,61802,56],{"class":55},[45,61804,4488],{"class":51},[45,61806,132],{"class":59},[45,61808,53480],{"class":135},[45,61810,195],{"class":59},[45,61812,2294],{"class":96},[45,61814,84],{"class":59},[45,61816,2687],{"class":96},[45,61818,218],{"class":59},[45,61820,61821],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61822,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61824,61825,61827,61829,61831],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61826,153],{"class":152},[45,61828,156],{"class":59},[45,61830,740],{"class":135},[45,61832,161],{"class":59},[45,61834,61835],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61836,61837],{"class":1712},"# None\n",[20,61839,61840],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[36,61842,61844],{"className":38,"code":61843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61845,61846,61862,61884,61888,61898],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61847,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856,61858,61860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61849,3846],{"class":51},[45,61851,56],{"class":55},[45,61853,1427],{"class":59},[45,61855,1430],{"class":96},[45,61857,84],{"class":59},[45,61859,1035],{"class":96},[45,61861,244],{"class":59},[45,61863,61864,61866,61868,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61865,3846],{"class":51},[45,61867,56],{"class":55},[45,61869,4488],{"class":51},[45,61871,132],{"class":59},[45,61873,53480],{"class":135},[45,61875,195],{"class":59},[45,61877,2294],{"class":96},[45,61879,84],{"class":59},[45,61881,2687],{"class":96},[45,61883,218],{"class":59},[45,61885,61886],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61887,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61889,61890,61892,61894,61896],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61891,153],{"class":152},[45,61893,156],{"class":59},[45,61895,3876],{"class":135},[45,61897,161],{"class":59},[45,61899,61900],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61901,61837],{"class":1712},[20,61903,61904],{},"The correct way is:",[36,61906,61907],{"className":38,"code":61344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,61908,61909,61925,61943,61947,61957],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61910,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919,61921,61923],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61912,3846],{"class":51},[45,61914,56],{"class":55},[45,61916,1427],{"class":59},[45,61918,1430],{"class":96},[45,61920,84],{"class":59},[45,61922,1035],{"class":96},[45,61924,244],{"class":59},[45,61926,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,61928,3876],{"class":51},[45,61930,132],{"class":59},[45,61932,53480],{"class":135},[45,61934,195],{"class":59},[45,61936,2294],{"class":96},[45,61938,84],{"class":59},[45,61940,2687],{"class":96},[45,61942,218],{"class":59},[45,61944,61945],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,61946,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,61948,61949,61951,61953,61955],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,61950,153],{"class":152},[45,61952,156],{"class":59},[45,61954,3876],{"class":135},[45,61956,161],{"class":59},[45,61958,61959],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,61960,52727],{"class":1712},[20,61962,55913,61963,61965],{},[15,61964,53450],{}," first, then use the original list.",[31,61967,1391],{"id":1390},[20,61969,14926,61970,132],{},[15,61971,53450],{},[1398,61973,61975,61976,61978],{"id":61974},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61977,53450],{}," to return a new list",[36,61980,61982],{"className":38,"code":61981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61983,61984,62000,62022,62026,62036],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,61985,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,61987,3846],{"class":51},[45,61989,56],{"class":55},[45,61991,1427],{"class":59},[45,61993,1430],{"class":96},[45,61995,84],{"class":59},[45,61997,1035],{"class":96},[45,61999,244],{"class":59},[45,62001,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62003,55646],{"class":51},[45,62005,56],{"class":55},[45,62007,4488],{"class":51},[45,62009,132],{"class":59},[45,62011,53480],{"class":135},[45,62013,195],{"class":59},[45,62015,2294],{"class":96},[45,62017,84],{"class":59},[45,62019,2687],{"class":96},[45,62021,218],{"class":59},[45,62023,62024],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62025,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62027,62028,62030,62032,62034],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62029,153],{"class":152},[45,62031,156],{"class":59},[45,62033,55665],{"class":135},[45,62035,161],{"class":59},[45,62037,62038],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62039,61837],{"class":1712},[20,62041,62042,62043,132],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62044,53450],{},[1398,62046,62048,62049,44630,62051,62053],{"id":62047},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62050,52656],{},[15,62052,53450],{}," is needed",[36,62055,62056],{"className":38,"code":61407,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,62057,62058,62074,62092,62096,62106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62061,3846],{"class":51},[45,62063,56],{"class":55},[45,62065,1427],{"class":59},[45,62067,1430],{"class":96},[45,62069,84],{"class":59},[45,62071,1035],{"class":96},[45,62073,244],{"class":59},[45,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62077,3876],{"class":51},[45,62079,132],{"class":59},[45,62081,13746],{"class":135},[45,62083,195],{"class":59},[45,62085,2294],{"class":96},[45,62087,84],{"class":59},[45,62089,2687],{"class":96},[45,62091,218],{"class":59},[45,62093,62094],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62095,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62097,62098,62100,62102,62104],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62099,153],{"class":152},[45,62101,156],{"class":59},[45,62103,3876],{"class":135},[45,62105,161],{"class":59},[45,62107,62108],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62109,61462],{"class":1712},[20,62111,62112,62113,53895,62115,6852],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62114,53894],{},[15,62116,53450],{},[1398,62118,62120],{"id":62119},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[36,62122,62124],{"className":38,"code":62123,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62125,62126,62142,62160,62164,62174],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62129,4296],{"class":51},[45,62131,56],{"class":55},[45,62133,1427],{"class":59},[45,62135,64],{"class":63},[45,62137,4073],{"class":67},[45,62139,64],{"class":63},[45,62141,244],{"class":59},[45,62143,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62145,4338],{"class":51},[45,62147,132],{"class":59},[45,62149,53480],{"class":135},[45,62151,156],{"class":59},[45,62153,64],{"class":63},[45,62155,60597],{"class":67},[45,62157,64],{"class":63},[45,62159,161],{"class":59},[45,62161,62162],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62163,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62165,62166,62168,62170,62172],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62167,153],{"class":152},[45,62169,156],{"class":59},[45,62171,4338],{"class":135},[45,62173,161],{"class":59},[45,62175,62176],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62177,62178],{"class":1712},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62180,62181,62182,62185,62186,73],{},"If you want ",[15,62183,62184],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62187,52656],{},[36,62189,62191],{"className":38,"code":62190,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62192,62193,62209,62227,62231,62241],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62194,62195,62197,62199,62201,62203,62205,62207],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62196,4296],{"class":51},[45,62198,56],{"class":55},[45,62200,1427],{"class":59},[45,62202,64],{"class":63},[45,62204,4073],{"class":67},[45,62206,64],{"class":63},[45,62208,244],{"class":59},[45,62210,62211,62213,62215,62217,62219,62221,62223,62225],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62212,4338],{"class":51},[45,62214,132],{"class":59},[45,62216,13746],{"class":135},[45,62218,156],{"class":59},[45,62220,64],{"class":63},[45,62222,60597],{"class":67},[45,62224,64],{"class":63},[45,62226,161],{"class":59},[45,62228,62229],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62230,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62232,62233,62235,62237,62239],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62234,153],{"class":152},[45,62236,156],{"class":59},[45,62238,4338],{"class":135},[45,62240,161],{"class":59},[45,62242,62243],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62244,62245],{"class":1712},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1398,62247,62249],{"id":62248},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[36,62251,62253],{"className":38,"code":62252,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62254,62255,62271],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62256,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267,62269],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62258,3846],{"class":51},[45,62260,56],{"class":55},[45,62262,1427],{"class":59},[45,62264,1430],{"class":96},[45,62266,84],{"class":59},[45,62268,1035],{"class":96},[45,62270,244],{"class":59},[45,62272,62273,62275,62277,62279,62281,62283],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62274,3876],{"class":51},[45,62276,132],{"class":59},[45,62278,53480],{"class":135},[45,62280,156],{"class":59},[45,62282,2366],{"class":96},[45,62284,161],{"class":59},[20,62286,39651,62287,6772],{},[15,62288,2366],{},[20,62290,62291,62292,62294,62295,62298],{},"You will get a ",[15,62293,3235],{},". See ",[277,62296,62297],{"href":52603},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62300,62301],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[36,62303,62305],{"className":38,"code":62304,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62306,62307,62317,62331,62343],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62308,62309,62311,62313,62315],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62310,153],{"class":152},[45,62312,156],{"class":59},[45,62314,1449],{"class":135},[45,62316,161],{"class":59},[45,62318,62319,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62320,153],{"class":152},[45,62322,156],{"class":59},[45,62324,1478],{"class":171},[45,62326,156],{"class":59},[45,62328,136],{"class":135},[45,62330,179],{"class":59},[45,62332,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62334,153],{"class":152},[45,62336,156],{"class":59},[45,62338,740],{"class":135},[45,62340,3889],{"class":59},[45,62342,161],{"class":51},[45,62344,62345,62347,62349,62351,62353,62355],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62346,32306],{"class":152},[45,62348,156],{"class":59},[45,62350,172],{"class":171},[45,62352,132],{"class":59},[45,62354,53480],{"class":1863},[45,62356,161],{"class":59},[43580,62358,62359],{},[20,62360,62361,62362,62365,62366,62368,62369,132],{},"Note: ",[15,62363,62364],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62367,3889],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62370,835],{},[20,62372,62373],{},"Correct debugging example:",[36,62375,62377],{"className":38,"code":62376,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62378,62379,62395,62411,62415,62429,62433,62441,62451,62465,62475],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62380,62381,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62382,1422],{"class":51},[45,62384,56],{"class":55},[45,62386,1427],{"class":59},[45,62388,1430],{"class":96},[45,62390,84],{"class":59},[45,62392,1035],{"class":96},[45,62394,244],{"class":59},[45,62396,62397,62399,62401,62403,62405,62407,62409],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62398,124],{"class":51},[45,62400,56],{"class":55},[45,62402,1427],{"class":59},[45,62404,2294],{"class":96},[45,62406,84],{"class":59},[45,62408,2687],{"class":96},[45,62410,244],{"class":59},[45,62412,62413],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62414,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62416,62417,62419,62421,62423,62425,62427],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62418,1449],{"class":51},[45,62420,132],{"class":59},[45,62422,53480],{"class":135},[45,62424,156],{"class":59},[45,62426,136],{"class":135},[45,62428,161],{"class":59},[45,62430,62431],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62432,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62434,62435,62437,62439],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,62436,716],{"class":51},[45,62438,56],{"class":55},[45,62440,48529],{"class":4080},[45,62442,62443,62445,62447,62449],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,62444,153],{"class":152},[45,62446,156],{"class":59},[45,62448,1449],{"class":135},[45,62450,161],{"class":59},[45,62452,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,62454,153],{"class":152},[45,62456,156],{"class":59},[45,62458,1478],{"class":171},[45,62460,156],{"class":59},[45,62462,136],{"class":135},[45,62464,179],{"class":59},[45,62466,62467,62469,62471,62473],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,62468,153],{"class":152},[45,62470,156],{"class":59},[45,62472,740],{"class":135},[45,62474,161],{"class":59},[45,62476,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485,62487],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,62478,32306],{"class":152},[45,62480,156],{"class":59},[45,62482,172],{"class":171},[45,62484,132],{"class":59},[45,62486,53480],{"class":1863},[45,62488,161],{"class":59},[31,62490,5185,62492],{"id":62491},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62493,53450],{},[20,62495,1006,62496,6538],{},[15,62497,53450],{},[258,62499,62500,62503,62506],{},[261,62501,62502],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[261,62504,62505],{},"Add multiple values at once",[261,62507,62508],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62510,5693],{},[36,62512,62514],{"className":38,"code":62513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62515,62516,62533,62551,62555,62571,62575,62585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62517,62518,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62519,62520],{"class":51},"all_scores ",[45,62522,56],{"class":55},[45,62524,1427],{"class":59},[45,62526,13696],{"class":96},[45,62528,84],{"class":59},[45,62530,896],{"class":96},[45,62532,244],{"class":59},[45,62534,62535,62538,62540,62542,62544,62546,62549],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62536,62537],{"class":51},"new_scores ",[45,62539,56],{"class":55},[45,62541,1427],{"class":59},[45,62543,51508],{"class":96},[45,62545,84],{"class":59},[45,62547,62548],{"class":96}," 92",[45,62550,244],{"class":59},[45,62552,62553],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62554,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62556,62557,62560,62562,62564,62566,62569],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62558,62559],{"class":51},"all_scores",[45,62561,132],{"class":59},[45,62563,53480],{"class":135},[45,62565,156],{"class":59},[45,62567,62568],{"class":135},"new_scores",[45,62570,161],{"class":59},[45,62572,62573],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62574,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62576,62577,62579,62581,62583],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,62578,153],{"class":152},[45,62580,156],{"class":59},[45,62582,62559],{"class":135},[45,62584,161],{"class":59},[45,62586,62587],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,62588,62589],{"class":1712},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62591,62592,62593,62595,62596,132],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62594,52656],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[277,62597,55524,62598,994],{"href":53912},[15,62599,54272],{},[31,62601,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,62603,2062,62605,55473],{"id":62604},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62606,53351],{},[20,62608,62609,62610,132],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62611,4006],{},[1398,62613,5400,62615,329,62617,2079],{"id":62614},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62616,53450],{},[15,62618,52656],{},[20,62620,62621,62623,62624,62626],{},[15,62622,53450],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62625,52656],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1398,62628,28485,62630,62632],{"id":62629},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62631,53450],{}," with a string?",[20,62634,62635],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1398,62637,28485,62639,62641],{"id":62638},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62640,53450],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62643,62644],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1398,62646,62648,62649,2079],{"id":62647},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62650,53450],{},[20,62652,62653,62654,62656],{},"You get a ",[15,62655,3235],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[31,62658,2114],{"id":2113},[258,62660,62661,62667,62671,62675,62679,62685,62689],{},[261,62662,62663],{},[277,62664,55524,62665,994],{"href":56773},[15,62666,52656],{},[261,62668,62669],{},[277,62670,54282],{"href":53052},[261,62672,62673],{},[277,62674,57233],{"href":57158},[261,62676,62677],{},[277,62678,52775],{"href":50982},[261,62680,62681],{},[277,62682,55524,62683,994],{"href":53912},[15,62684,54272],{},[261,62686,62687],{},[277,62688,62297],{"href":52603},[261,62690,62691],{},[277,62692,55524,62693,994],{"href":54964},[15,62694,12978],{},[20,62696,62697,62698,62700,62701,62703],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62699,52656],{},", when to use ",[15,62702,54272],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2154,62705,62706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":62708},[62709,62710,62712,62713,62714,62721,62728,62729,62737,62739,62751],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":61106,"depth":121,"text":62711},"What list.extend() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":61187,"depth":121,"text":61188},{"id":61324,"depth":121,"text":62715,"children":62716},"extend() vs append()",[62717,62719],{"id":61338,"depth":142,"text":62718},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61401,"depth":142,"text":62720},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61487,"depth":121,"text":62722,"children":62723},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62724,62725,62726,62727],{"id":61498,"depth":142,"text":61499},{"id":61562,"depth":142,"text":61563},{"id":61628,"depth":142,"text":61629},{"id":61702,"depth":142,"text":61703},{"id":61762,"depth":121,"text":61763},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":62730},[62731,62733,62735,62736],{"id":61974,"depth":142,"text":62732},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62047,"depth":142,"text":62734},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62119,"depth":142,"text":62120},{"id":62248,"depth":142,"text":62249},{"id":62491,"depth":121,"text":62738},"When to use extend()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":62740},[62741,62743,62745,62747,62749],{"id":62604,"depth":142,"text":62742},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62614,"depth":142,"text":62744},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62629,"depth":142,"text":62746},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62638,"depth":142,"text":62748},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62647,"depth":142,"text":62750},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61010,"description":62752},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62759,"title":62760,"body":62761,"description":64852,"extension":2195,"meta":64853,"navigation":145,"path":64854,"seo":64855,"stem":64856,"__hash__":64857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62762,"toc":64815},[62763,62766,62771,62777,62788,62794,62796,62865,62867,62916,62924,62928,62933,62936,62947,62952,62954,62956,62977,62990,62993,63006,63008,63013,63038,63040,63048,63051,63120,63122,63146,63152,63156,63160,63196,63198,63218,63225,63229,63262,63264,63298,63303,63307,63340,63342,63370,63378,63382,63419,63421,63442,63445,63449,63518,63520,63544,63550,63557,63561,63564,63566,63580,63583,63607,63609,63634,63637,63656,63658,63684,63693,63697,63704,63781,63783,63824,63830,63836,63927,63929,63985,63988,63993,63997,64002,64006,64065,64067,64092,64096,64159,64161,64186,64190,64253,64255,64298,64301,64305,64309,64331,64335,64417,64419,64454,64462,64464,64468,64472,64474,64501,64506,64508,64535,64542,64545,64568,64570,64619,64622,64625,64644,64648,64651,64702,64705,64711,64715,64720,64723,64725,64731,64740,64744,64750,64754,64757,64761,64764,64768,64774,64776,64812],[10,62764,62760],{"id":62765},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62767,9341,62768,62770],{},[15,62769,24947],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62772,62773,62774,62776],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62775,24947],{}," for two main reasons:",[258,62778,62779,62782],{},[261,62780,62781],{},"to make an empty list",[261,62783,62784,62785,62787],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62786,60004],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62789,62790,62791,62793],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62792,24947],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[31,62795,34],{"id":33},[36,62797,62799],{"className":38,"code":62798,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62800,62801,62823,62841,62845,62855],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62802,62803,62805,62807,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62804,3846],{"class":51},[45,62806,56],{"class":55},[45,62808,587],{"class":171},[45,62810,5731],{"class":59},[45,62812,1430],{"class":96},[45,62814,84],{"class":59},[45,62816,1035],{"class":96},[45,62818,84],{"class":59},[45,62820,1063],{"class":96},[45,62822,179],{"class":59},[45,62824,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62826,36085],{"class":51},[45,62828,56],{"class":55},[45,62830,587],{"class":171},[45,62832,156],{"class":59},[45,62834,64],{"class":63},[45,62836,41559],{"class":67},[45,62838,64],{"class":63},[45,62840,161],{"class":59},[45,62842,62843],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,62844,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,62846,62847,62849,62851,62853],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,62848,153],{"class":152},[45,62850,156],{"class":59},[45,62852,3876],{"class":135},[45,62854,161],{"class":59},[45,62856,62857,62859,62861,62863],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,62858,153],{"class":152},[45,62860,156],{"class":59},[45,62862,36138],{"class":135},[45,62864,161],{"class":59},[20,62866,182],{},[36,62868,62870],{"className":38,"code":62869,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62871,62872,62888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62873,62874,62876,62878,62880,62882,62884,62886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62875,223],{"class":59},[45,62877,1430],{"class":96},[45,62879,84],{"class":59},[45,62881,1035],{"class":96},[45,62883,84],{"class":59},[45,62885,1063],{"class":96},[45,62887,244],{"class":59},[45,62889,62890,62892,62894,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62891,223],{"class":59},[45,62893,198],{"class":63},[45,62895,277],{"class":67},[45,62897,198],{"class":63},[45,62899,84],{"class":59},[45,62901,211],{"class":63},[45,62903,1930],{"class":67},[45,62905,198],{"class":63},[45,62907,84],{"class":59},[45,62909,211],{"class":63},[45,62911,9951],{"class":67},[45,62913,198],{"class":63},[45,62915,244],{"class":59},[20,62917,1006,62918,62920,62921,62923],{},[15,62919,24947],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62922,60004],{},", set, or dictionary.",[31,62925,62927],{"id":62926},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62929,62930,62932],{},[15,62931,24947],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62934,62935],{},"It can:",[258,62937,62938,62941,62944],{},[261,62939,62940],{},"create a new list object",[261,62942,62943],{},"make an empty list",[261,62945,62946],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62948,62949,62950,132],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[277,62951,52775],{"href":50982},[31,62953,284],{"id":283},[20,62955,26643],{},[36,62957,62959],{"className":38,"code":62958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62960,62961,62967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,62962,62963,62965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,62964,172],{"class":171},[45,62966,139],{"class":59},[45,62968,62969,62971,62973,62975],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,62970,172],{"class":171},[45,62972,156],{"class":59},[45,62974,3948],{"class":135},[45,62976,161],{"class":59},[258,62978,62979,62984],{},[261,62980,62981,62983],{},[15,62982,24947],{}," makes an empty list",[261,62985,62986,62989],{},[15,62987,62988],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62991,62992],{},"Common iterable values include:",[258,62994,62995,62997,62999,63001,63004],{},[261,62996,5530],{},[261,62998,5524],{},[261,63000,5527],{},[261,63002,63003],{},"ranges",[261,63005,7472],{},[31,63007,59626],{"id":59625},[20,63009,1006,63010,63012],{},[15,63011,24947],{}," with no arguments:",[36,63014,63016],{"className":38,"code":63015,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63017,63018,63028],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63019,63020,63022,63024,63026],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63021,8001],{"class":51},[45,63023,56],{"class":55},[45,63025,587],{"class":171},[45,63027,139],{"class":59},[45,63029,63030,63032,63034,63036],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63031,153],{"class":152},[45,63033,156],{"class":59},[45,63035,1289],{"class":135},[45,63037,161],{"class":59},[20,63039,182],{},[36,63041,63042],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63043,63044],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63045,63046],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63047,38294],{"class":59},[20,63049,63050],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[36,63052,63054],{"className":38,"code":63053,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63055,63056,63066,63070,63088,63106,63110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63057,63058,63060,63062,63064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63059,8001],{"class":51},[45,63061,56],{"class":55},[45,63063,587],{"class":171},[45,63065,139],{"class":59},[45,63067,63068],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63069,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,63071,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080,63082,63084,63086],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,63073,1289],{"class":51},[45,63075,132],{"class":59},[45,63077,13746],{"class":135},[45,63079,156],{"class":59},[45,63081,64],{"class":63},[45,63083,1028],{"class":67},[45,63085,64],{"class":63},[45,63087,161],{"class":59},[45,63089,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,63091,1289],{"class":51},[45,63093,132],{"class":59},[45,63095,13746],{"class":135},[45,63097,156],{"class":59},[45,63099,64],{"class":63},[45,63101,1042],{"class":67},[45,63103,64],{"class":63},[45,63105,161],{"class":59},[45,63107,63108],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,63109,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,63111,63112,63114,63116,63118],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,63113,153],{"class":152},[45,63115,156],{"class":59},[45,63117,1289],{"class":135},[45,63119,161],{"class":59},[20,63121,182],{},[36,63123,63124],{"className":38,"code":38420,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63125,63126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63127,63128,63130,63132,63134,63136,63138,63140,63142,63144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63129,223],{"class":59},[45,63131,198],{"class":63},[45,63133,1028],{"class":67},[45,63135,198],{"class":63},[45,63137,84],{"class":59},[45,63139,211],{"class":63},[45,63141,1042],{"class":67},[45,63143,198],{"class":63},[45,63145,244],{"class":59},[20,63147,63148,63149,63151],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63150,4015],{},". Both are valid.",[31,63153,63155],{"id":63154},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1398,63157,63159],{"id":63158},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[36,63161,63162],{"className":38,"code":59924,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63163,63164,63186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63165,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174,63176,63178,63180,63182,63184],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63167,3846],{"class":51},[45,63169,56],{"class":55},[45,63171,587],{"class":171},[45,63173,5731],{"class":59},[45,63175,1430],{"class":96},[45,63177,84],{"class":59},[45,63179,1035],{"class":96},[45,63181,84],{"class":59},[45,63183,1063],{"class":96},[45,63185,179],{"class":59},[45,63187,63188,63190,63192,63194],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63189,153],{"class":152},[45,63191,156],{"class":59},[45,63193,3876],{"class":135},[45,63195,161],{"class":59},[20,63197,182],{},[36,63199,63200],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63201,63202],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63203,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63205,223],{"class":59},[45,63207,1430],{"class":96},[45,63209,84],{"class":59},[45,63211,1035],{"class":96},[45,63213,84],{"class":59},[45,63215,1063],{"class":96},[45,63217,244],{"class":59},[20,63219,63220,63221,132],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[277,63222,63224],{"href":63223},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1398,63226,63228],{"id":63227},"string-to-list","String to list",[36,63230,63232],{"className":38,"code":63231,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63233,63234,63252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63235,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63237,36085],{"class":51},[45,63239,56],{"class":55},[45,63241,587],{"class":171},[45,63243,156],{"class":59},[45,63245,64],{"class":63},[45,63247,37043],{"class":67},[45,63249,64],{"class":63},[45,63251,161],{"class":59},[45,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63255,153],{"class":152},[45,63257,156],{"class":59},[45,63259,36138],{"class":135},[45,63261,161],{"class":59},[20,63263,182],{},[36,63265,63267],{"className":38,"code":63266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63268,63269],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63270,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291,63294,63296],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63272,223],{"class":59},[45,63274,198],{"class":63},[45,63276,9951],{"class":67},[45,63278,198],{"class":63},[45,63280,84],{"class":59},[45,63282,211],{"class":63},[45,63284,277],{"class":67},[45,63286,198],{"class":63},[45,63288,84],{"class":59},[45,63290,211],{"class":63},[45,63292,63293],{"class":67},"t",[45,63295,198],{"class":63},[45,63297,244],{"class":59},[20,63299,63300,63302],{},[15,63301,24947],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1398,63304,63306],{"id":63305},"range-to-list","Range to list",[36,63308,63310],{"className":38,"code":63309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63311,63312,63330],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63313,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63315,3846],{"class":51},[45,63317,56],{"class":55},[45,63319,587],{"class":171},[45,63321,156],{"class":59},[45,63323,60004],{"class":152},[45,63325,156],{"class":59},[45,63327,2366],{"class":96},[45,63329,179],{"class":59},[45,63331,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63333,153],{"class":152},[45,63335,156],{"class":59},[45,63337,3876],{"class":135},[45,63339,161],{"class":59},[20,63341,182],{},[36,63343,63344],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63345,63346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63349,223],{"class":59},[45,63351,1117],{"class":96},[45,63353,84],{"class":59},[45,63355,1049],{"class":96},[45,63357,84],{"class":59},[45,63359,1035],{"class":96},[45,63361,84],{"class":59},[45,63363,1063],{"class":96},[45,63365,84],{"class":59},[45,63367,2687],{"class":96},[45,63369,244],{"class":59},[20,63371,63372,63373,63377],{},"This is common when working with ",[277,63374,63375],{"href":36190},[15,63376,36193],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1398,63379,63381],{"id":63380},"set-to-list","Set to list",[36,63383,63385],{"className":38,"code":63384,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63386,63387,63409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63388,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63390,124],{"class":51},[45,63392,56],{"class":55},[45,63394,587],{"class":171},[45,63396,5750],{"class":59},[45,63398,2560],{"class":96},[45,63400,84],{"class":59},[45,63402,97],{"class":96},[45,63404,84],{"class":59},[45,63406,8016],{"class":96},[45,63408,30651],{"class":59},[45,63410,63411,63413,63415,63417],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63412,153],{"class":152},[45,63414,156],{"class":59},[45,63416,136],{"class":135},[45,63418,161],{"class":59},[20,63420,17150],{},[36,63422,63424],{"className":38,"code":63423,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63425,63426],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63427,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63429,223],{"class":59},[45,63431,2560],{"class":96},[45,63433,84],{"class":59},[45,63435,97],{"class":96},[45,63437,84],{"class":59},[45,63439,8016],{"class":96},[45,63441,244],{"class":59},[20,63443,63444],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1398,63446,63448],{"id":63447},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[36,63450,63452],{"className":38,"code":63451,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63453,63454,63490,63504,63508],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63455,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63457,371],{"class":51},[45,63459,56],{"class":55},[45,63461,60],{"class":59},[45,63463,64],{"class":63},[45,63465,68],{"class":67},[45,63467,64],{"class":63},[45,63469,73],{"class":59},[45,63471,76],{"class":63},[45,63473,79],{"class":67},[45,63475,64],{"class":63},[45,63477,84],{"class":59},[45,63479,76],{"class":63},[45,63481,89],{"class":67},[45,63483,64],{"class":63},[45,63485,73],{"class":59},[45,63487,403],{"class":96},[45,63489,118],{"class":59},[45,63491,63492,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63493,716],{"class":51},[45,63495,56],{"class":55},[45,63497,587],{"class":171},[45,63499,156],{"class":59},[45,63501,446],{"class":135},[45,63503,161],{"class":59},[45,63505,63506],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,63507,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,63509,63510,63512,63514,63516],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,63511,153],{"class":152},[45,63513,156],{"class":59},[45,63515,740],{"class":135},[45,63517,161],{"class":59},[20,63519,182],{},[36,63521,63522],{"className":38,"code":25642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63523,63524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63527,223],{"class":59},[45,63529,198],{"class":63},[45,63531,68],{"class":67},[45,63533,198],{"class":63},[45,63535,84],{"class":59},[45,63537,211],{"class":63},[45,63539,89],{"class":67},[45,63541,198],{"class":63},[45,63543,244],{"class":59},[20,63545,63546,63547,63549],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63548,24947],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63551,63552,63553,132],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[277,63554,63556],{"href":63555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[31,63558,63560],{"id":63559},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63562,63563],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63565,61161],{},[258,63567,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578],{},[261,63569,5521],{},[261,63571,5524],{},[261,63573,5530],{},[261,63575,5527],{},[261,63577,63003],{},[261,63579,7472],{},[20,63581,63582],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[36,63584,63586],{"className":38,"code":63585,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63587,63588],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63589,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63603,63605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63591,153],{"class":152},[45,63593,156],{"class":59},[45,63595,172],{"class":171},[45,63597,156],{"class":59},[45,63599,64],{"class":63},[45,63601,63602],{"class":67},"hi",[45,63604,64],{"class":63},[45,63606,179],{"class":59},[20,63608,182],{},[36,63610,63612],{"className":38,"code":63611,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63613,63614],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63615,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63617,223],{"class":59},[45,63619,198],{"class":63},[45,63621,60444],{"class":67},[45,63623,198],{"class":63},[45,63625,84],{"class":59},[45,63627,211],{"class":63},[45,63629,36149],{"class":67},[45,63631,198],{"class":63},[45,63633,244],{"class":59},[20,63635,63636],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[36,63638,63640],{"className":38,"code":63639,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63641,63642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63643,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63645,153],{"class":152},[45,63647,156],{"class":59},[45,63649,172],{"class":171},[45,63651,156],{"class":59},[45,63653,2366],{"class":96},[45,63655,179],{"class":59},[20,63657,182],{},[36,63659,63661],{"className":38,"code":63660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63662,63663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63664,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679,63681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63666,3235],{"class":171},[45,63668,73],{"class":59},[45,63670,211],{"class":63},[45,63672,2418],{"class":67},[45,63674,198],{"class":63},[45,63676,839],{"class":171},[45,63678,8315],{"class":55},[45,63680,8318],{"class":55},[45,63682,63683],{"class":51}," iterable\n",[20,63685,63686,63687,63689,63690,132],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[277,63688,5359],{"href":5807},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[277,63691,63692],{"href":52603},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[31,63694,63696],{"id":63695},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63698,63699,63700,63703],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63701,63702],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[36,63705,63707],{"className":38,"code":63706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63708,63709,63729,63743,63747,63757,63767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63710,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63712,12287],{"class":51},[45,63714,56],{"class":55},[45,63716,1427],{"class":59},[45,63718,1430],{"class":96},[45,63720,84],{"class":59},[45,63722,1035],{"class":96},[45,63724,84],{"class":59},[45,63726,1063],{"class":96},[45,63728,244],{"class":59},[45,63730,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63732,14504],{"class":51},[45,63734,56],{"class":55},[45,63736,587],{"class":171},[45,63738,156],{"class":59},[45,63740,12334],{"class":135},[45,63742,161],{"class":59},[45,63744,63745],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,63746,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,63748,63749,63751,63753,63755],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,63750,153],{"class":152},[45,63752,156],{"class":59},[45,63754,12334],{"class":135},[45,63756,161],{"class":59},[45,63758,63759,63761,63763,63765],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,63760,153],{"class":152},[45,63762,156],{"class":59},[45,63764,14523],{"class":135},[45,63766,161],{"class":59},[45,63768,63769,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,63770,153],{"class":152},[45,63772,156],{"class":59},[45,63774,12287],{"class":135},[45,63776,12395],{"class":921},[45,63778,14577],{"class":135},[45,63780,161],{"class":59},[20,63782,182],{},[36,63784,63786],{"className":38,"code":63785,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63787,63788,63804,63820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63789,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63791,223],{"class":59},[45,63793,1430],{"class":96},[45,63795,84],{"class":59},[45,63797,1035],{"class":96},[45,63799,84],{"class":59},[45,63801,1063],{"class":96},[45,63803,244],{"class":59},[45,63805,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63807,223],{"class":59},[45,63809,1430],{"class":96},[45,63811,84],{"class":59},[45,63813,1035],{"class":96},[45,63815,84],{"class":59},[45,63817,1063],{"class":96},[45,63819,244],{"class":59},[45,63821,63822],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,63823,4266],{"class":4080},[20,63825,63826,63827,63829],{},"This means ",[15,63828,14523],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63831,63832,63833,63835],{},"However, this is only a ",[355,63834,13052],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[36,63837,63839],{"className":38,"code":63838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63840,63841,63867,63881,63885,63903,63907,63917],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63842,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63844,12287],{"class":51},[45,63846,56],{"class":55},[45,63848,56298],{"class":59},[45,63850,1430],{"class":96},[45,63852,84],{"class":59},[45,63854,1035],{"class":96},[45,63856,18243],{"class":59},[45,63858,1427],{"class":59},[45,63860,2294],{"class":96},[45,63862,84],{"class":59},[45,63864,2687],{"class":96},[45,63866,53246],{"class":59},[45,63868,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63870,14504],{"class":51},[45,63872,56],{"class":55},[45,63874,587],{"class":171},[45,63876,156],{"class":59},[45,63878,12334],{"class":135},[45,63880,161],{"class":59},[45,63882,63883],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,63884,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,63886,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,63888,14523],{"class":51},[45,63890,223],{"class":59},[45,63892,1117],{"class":96},[45,63894,13743],{"class":59},[45,63896,13746],{"class":135},[45,63898,156],{"class":59},[45,63900,56351],{"class":96},[45,63902,161],{"class":59},[45,63904,63905],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,63906,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,63908,63909,63911,63913,63915],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,63910,153],{"class":152},[45,63912,156],{"class":59},[45,63914,12334],{"class":135},[45,63916,161],{"class":59},[45,63918,63919,63921,63923,63925],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,63920,153],{"class":152},[45,63922,156],{"class":59},[45,63924,14523],{"class":135},[45,63926,161],{"class":59},[20,63928,182],{},[36,63930,63931],{"className":38,"code":56382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,63932,63933,63959],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,63934,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953,63955,63957],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,63936,56389],{"class":59},[45,63938,1430],{"class":96},[45,63940,84],{"class":59},[45,63942,1035],{"class":96},[45,63944,84],{"class":59},[45,63946,10409],{"class":96},[45,63948,18243],{"class":59},[45,63950,1427],{"class":59},[45,63952,2294],{"class":96},[45,63954,84],{"class":59},[45,63956,2687],{"class":96},[45,63958,53246],{"class":59},[45,63960,63961,63963,63965,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,63962,56389],{"class":59},[45,63964,1430],{"class":96},[45,63966,84],{"class":59},[45,63968,1035],{"class":96},[45,63970,84],{"class":59},[45,63972,10409],{"class":96},[45,63974,18243],{"class":59},[45,63976,1427],{"class":59},[45,63978,2294],{"class":96},[45,63980,84],{"class":59},[45,63982,2687],{"class":96},[45,63984,53246],{"class":59},[20,63986,63987],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63989,63990,63991,132],{},"For more on this, see ",[277,63992,13983],{"href":13982},[31,63994,63996],{"id":63995},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63998,63999,64000,132],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64001,24947],{},[1398,64003,64005],{"id":64004},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[36,64007,64009],{"className":38,"code":64008,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64010,64011,64051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64014,52],{"class":51},[45,64016,56],{"class":55},[45,64018,60],{"class":59},[45,64020,64],{"class":63},[45,64022,68],{"class":67},[45,64024,64],{"class":63},[45,64026,73],{"class":59},[45,64028,76],{"class":63},[45,64030,388],{"class":67},[45,64032,64],{"class":63},[45,64034,84],{"class":59},[45,64036,76],{"class":63},[45,64038,20070],{"class":67},[45,64040,64],{"class":63},[45,64042,73],{"class":59},[45,64044,76],{"class":63},[45,64046,22420],{"class":67},[45,64048,64],{"class":63},[45,64050,118],{"class":59},[45,64052,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64054,153],{"class":152},[45,64056,156],{"class":59},[45,64058,172],{"class":171},[45,64060,156],{"class":59},[45,64062,1255],{"class":135},[45,64064,179],{"class":59},[20,64066,182],{},[36,64068,64070],{"className":38,"code":64069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64071,64072],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64073,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64075,223],{"class":59},[45,64077,198],{"class":63},[45,64079,68],{"class":67},[45,64081,198],{"class":63},[45,64083,84],{"class":59},[45,64085,211],{"class":63},[45,64087,20070],{"class":67},[45,64089,198],{"class":63},[45,64091,244],{"class":59},[1398,64093,64095],{"id":64094},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[36,64097,64099],{"className":38,"code":64098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64100,64101,64141],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64102,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137,64139],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64104,52],{"class":51},[45,64106,56],{"class":55},[45,64108,60],{"class":59},[45,64110,64],{"class":63},[45,64112,68],{"class":67},[45,64114,64],{"class":63},[45,64116,73],{"class":59},[45,64118,76],{"class":63},[45,64120,388],{"class":67},[45,64122,64],{"class":63},[45,64124,84],{"class":59},[45,64126,76],{"class":63},[45,64128,20070],{"class":67},[45,64130,64],{"class":63},[45,64132,73],{"class":59},[45,64134,76],{"class":63},[45,64136,22420],{"class":67},[45,64138,64],{"class":63},[45,64140,118],{"class":59},[45,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64144,153],{"class":152},[45,64146,156],{"class":59},[45,64148,172],{"class":171},[45,64150,156],{"class":59},[45,64152,1255],{"class":135},[45,64154,132],{"class":59},[45,64156,136],{"class":135},[45,64158,2041],{"class":59},[20,64160,182],{},[36,64162,64164],{"className":38,"code":64163,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64165,64166],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64167,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64169,223],{"class":59},[45,64171,198],{"class":63},[45,64173,388],{"class":67},[45,64175,198],{"class":63},[45,64177,84],{"class":59},[45,64179,211],{"class":63},[45,64181,22420],{"class":67},[45,64183,198],{"class":63},[45,64185,244],{"class":59},[1398,64187,64189],{"id":64188},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[36,64191,64193],{"className":38,"code":64192,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64194,64195,64235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64196,64197,64199,64201,64203,64205,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64198,52],{"class":51},[45,64200,56],{"class":55},[45,64202,60],{"class":59},[45,64204,64],{"class":63},[45,64206,68],{"class":67},[45,64208,64],{"class":63},[45,64210,73],{"class":59},[45,64212,76],{"class":63},[45,64214,388],{"class":67},[45,64216,64],{"class":63},[45,64218,84],{"class":59},[45,64220,76],{"class":63},[45,64222,20070],{"class":67},[45,64224,64],{"class":63},[45,64226,73],{"class":59},[45,64228,76],{"class":63},[45,64230,22420],{"class":67},[45,64232,64],{"class":63},[45,64234,118],{"class":59},[45,64236,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64238,153],{"class":152},[45,64240,156],{"class":59},[45,64242,172],{"class":171},[45,64244,156],{"class":59},[45,64246,1255],{"class":135},[45,64248,132],{"class":59},[45,64250,1289],{"class":135},[45,64252,2041],{"class":59},[20,64254,182],{},[36,64256,64258],{"className":38,"code":64257,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64259,64260],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64261,64262,64264,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64263,21917],{"class":59},[45,64265,198],{"class":63},[45,64267,68],{"class":67},[45,64269,198],{"class":63},[45,64271,84],{"class":59},[45,64273,211],{"class":63},[45,64275,388],{"class":67},[45,64277,198],{"class":63},[45,64279,9450],{"class":59},[45,64281,9453],{"class":59},[45,64283,198],{"class":63},[45,64285,20070],{"class":67},[45,64287,198],{"class":63},[45,64289,84],{"class":59},[45,64291,211],{"class":63},[45,64293,22420],{"class":67},[45,64295,198],{"class":63},[45,64297,9466],{"class":59},[20,64299,64300],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[31,64302,64304],{"id":64303},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64306,1006,64307,10811],{},[15,64308,24947],{},[258,64310,64311,64319,64328],{},[261,64312,64313,64314,995,64316],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64315,52656],{},[15,64317,64318],{},"sort()",[261,64320,64321,64322,995,64324,64327],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64323,36193],{},[15,64325,64326],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[261,64329,64330],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64332,46041,64333,73],{},[15,64334,64326],{},[36,64336,64338],{"className":38,"code":64337,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64339,64340,64364,64380,64384,64407],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64341,64342,64344,64346,64348,64350,64352,64354,64356,64358,64360,64362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64343,5219],{"class":51},[45,64345,56],{"class":55},[45,64347,1427],{"class":59},[45,64349,64],{"class":63},[45,64351,79],{"class":67},[45,64353,64],{"class":63},[45,64355,84],{"class":59},[45,64357,76],{"class":63},[45,64359,35935],{"class":67},[45,64361,64],{"class":63},[45,64363,244],{"class":59},[45,64365,64366,64368,64370,64372,64374,64376,64378],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64367,866],{"class":51},[45,64369,56],{"class":55},[45,64371,1427],{"class":59},[45,64373,13696],{"class":96},[45,64375,84],{"class":59},[45,64377,896],{"class":96},[45,64379,244],{"class":59},[45,64381,64382],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,64383,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,64385,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,64387,9432],{"class":51},[45,64389,56],{"class":55},[45,64391,587],{"class":171},[45,64393,156],{"class":59},[45,64395,64396],{"class":152},"zip",[45,64398,156],{"class":59},[45,64400,5263],{"class":135},[45,64402,84],{"class":59},[45,64404,930],{"class":135},[45,64406,179],{"class":59},[45,64408,64409,64411,64413,64415],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,64410,153],{"class":152},[45,64412,156],{"class":59},[45,64414,9479],{"class":135},[45,64416,161],{"class":59},[20,64418,182],{},[36,64420,64422],{"className":38,"code":64421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64423,64424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64425,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450,64452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64427,21917],{"class":59},[45,64429,198],{"class":63},[45,64431,79],{"class":67},[45,64433,198],{"class":63},[45,64435,84],{"class":59},[45,64437,882],{"class":96},[45,64439,9450],{"class":59},[45,64441,9453],{"class":59},[45,64443,198],{"class":63},[45,64445,35935],{"class":67},[45,64447,198],{"class":63},[45,64449,84],{"class":59},[45,64451,896],{"class":96},[45,64453,9466],{"class":59},[20,64455,64456,64457,64459,64460,132],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64458,52656],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[277,64461,53053],{"href":53052},[31,64463,1391],{"id":1390},[20,64465,56780,64466,132],{},[15,64467,24947],{},[1398,64469,64471],{"id":64470},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64473,4749],{},[36,64475,64477],{"className":38,"code":64476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64478,64479,64483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64480,64481],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64482,4759],{"class":1712},[45,64484,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64486,172],{"class":171},[45,64488,156],{"class":59},[45,64490,1430],{"class":96},[45,64492,84],{"class":59},[45,64494,1035],{"class":96},[45,64496,84],{"class":59},[45,64498,1063],{"class":96},[45,64500,161],{"class":59},[20,64502,64503,64505],{},[15,64504,24947],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64507,1363],{},[36,64509,64511],{"className":38,"code":64510,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64512,64513],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64514,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531,64533],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64516,153],{"class":152},[45,64518,156],{"class":59},[45,64520,172],{"class":171},[45,64522,5731],{"class":59},[45,64524,1430],{"class":96},[45,64526,84],{"class":59},[45,64528,1035],{"class":96},[45,64530,84],{"class":59},[45,64532,1063],{"class":96},[45,64534,3143],{"class":59},[1398,64536,64538,64539],{"id":64537},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[45,64540,64541],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64543,64544],{},"This is a common surprise:",[36,64546,64548],{"className":38,"code":64547,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64549,64550],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64551,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64553,153],{"class":152},[45,64555,156],{"class":59},[45,64557,172],{"class":171},[45,64559,156],{"class":59},[45,64561,64],{"class":63},[45,64563,4073],{"class":67},[45,64565,64],{"class":63},[45,64567,179],{"class":59},[20,64569,182],{},[36,64571,64573],{"className":38,"code":64572,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64574,64575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64576,64577,64579,64581,64583,64585,64587,64589,64591,64593,64595,64597,64599,64601,64603,64605,64607,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64578,223],{"class":59},[45,64580,198],{"class":63},[45,64582,60444],{"class":67},[45,64584,198],{"class":63},[45,64586,84],{"class":59},[45,64588,211],{"class":63},[45,64590,60453],{"class":67},[45,64592,198],{"class":63},[45,64594,84],{"class":59},[45,64596,211],{"class":63},[45,64598,60462],{"class":67},[45,64600,198],{"class":63},[45,64602,84],{"class":59},[45,64604,211],{"class":63},[45,64606,60462],{"class":67},[45,64608,198],{"class":63},[45,64610,84],{"class":59},[45,64612,211],{"class":63},[45,64614,60479],{"class":67},[45,64616,198],{"class":63},[45,64618,244],{"class":59},[20,64620,64621],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64623,64624],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[36,64626,64628],{"className":38,"code":64627,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64629,64630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64631,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64633,153],{"class":152},[45,64635,195],{"class":59},[45,64637,64],{"class":63},[45,64639,4073],{"class":67},[45,64641,64],{"class":63},[45,64643,218],{"class":59},[1398,64645,64647],{"id":64646},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64649,64650],{},"This:",[36,64652,64654],{"className":38,"code":64653,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64655,64656,64688],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64657,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64659,1909],{"class":51},[45,64661,56],{"class":55},[45,64663,60],{"class":59},[45,64665,64],{"class":63},[45,64667,277],{"class":67},[45,64669,64],{"class":63},[45,64671,73],{"class":59},[45,64673,1049],{"class":96},[45,64675,84],{"class":59},[45,64677,76],{"class":63},[45,64679,1930],{"class":67},[45,64681,64],{"class":63},[45,64683,73],{"class":59},[45,64685,1035],{"class":96},[45,64687,118],{"class":59},[45,64689,64690,64692,64694,64696,64698,64700],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64691,153],{"class":152},[45,64693,156],{"class":59},[45,64695,172],{"class":171},[45,64697,156],{"class":59},[45,64699,1947],{"class":135},[45,64701,179],{"class":59},[20,64703,64704],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64706,1006,64707,64710],{},[15,64708,64709],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1398,64712,64714],{"id":64713},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64716,64717,64719],{},[15,64718,24947],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64721,64722],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[31,64724,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,64726,5400,64728,64730],{"id":64727},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[45,64729],{}," and list()?",[20,64732,64733,64734,64736,64737,64739],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64735,4015],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64738,24947],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1398,64741,64743],{"id":64742},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64745,64746,64747,64749],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64748,24947],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1398,64751,64753],{"id":64752},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64755,64756],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1398,64758,64760],{"id":64759},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64762,64763],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1398,64765,64767],{"id":64766},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64769,64770,64771,64773],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64772,24947],{}," cannot loop through it.",[31,64775,2114],{"id":2113},[258,64777,64778,64782,64787,64791,64795,64799,64803,64808],{},[261,64779,64780],{},[277,64781,52775],{"href":50982},[261,64783,64784],{},[277,64785,64786],{"href":36190},"Python range() function explained",[261,64788,64789],{},[277,64790,63224],{"href":63223},[261,64792,64793],{},[277,64794,63556],{"href":63555},[261,64796,64797],{},[277,64798,5437],{"href":5807},[261,64800,64801],{},[277,64802,13983],{"href":13982},[261,64804,64805],{},[277,64806,64807],{"href":52603},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[261,64809,64810],{},[277,64811,54282],{"href":53052},[2154,64813,64814],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":64816},[64817,64818,64819,64820,64821,64828,64829,64830,64835,64836,64843,64851],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":62926,"depth":121,"text":62927},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":59625,"depth":121,"text":59626},{"id":63154,"depth":121,"text":63155,"children":64822},[64823,64824,64825,64826,64827],{"id":63158,"depth":142,"text":63159},{"id":63227,"depth":142,"text":63228},{"id":63305,"depth":142,"text":63306},{"id":63380,"depth":142,"text":63381},{"id":63447,"depth":142,"text":63448},{"id":63559,"depth":121,"text":63560},{"id":63695,"depth":121,"text":63696},{"id":63995,"depth":121,"text":63996,"children":64831},[64832,64833,64834],{"id":64004,"depth":142,"text":64005},{"id":64094,"depth":142,"text":64095},{"id":64188,"depth":142,"text":64189},{"id":64303,"depth":121,"text":64304},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":64837},[64838,64839,64841,64842],{"id":64470,"depth":142,"text":64471},{"id":64537,"depth":142,"text":64840},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64646,"depth":142,"text":64647},{"id":64713,"depth":142,"text":64714},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":64844},[64845,64847,64848,64849,64850],{"id":64727,"depth":142,"text":64846},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64742,"depth":142,"text":64743},{"id":64752,"depth":142,"text":64753},{"id":64759,"depth":142,"text":64760},{"id":64766,"depth":142,"text":64767},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62760,"description":64852},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64859,"title":64860,"body":64861,"description":66212,"extension":2195,"meta":66213,"navigation":145,"path":66214,"seo":66215,"stem":66216,"__hash__":66217},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64862,"toc":66186},[64863,64868,64874,64883,64885,64958,64967,64972,64976,64992,64996,64998,65000,65019,65022,65050,65053,65078,65086,65088,65093,65100,65102,65159,65161,65169,65175,65179,65182,65255,65257,65265,65268,65291,65298,65304,65308,65314,65385,65387,65395,65404,65411,65418,65426,65570,65572,65589,65592,65631,65634,65638,65643,65645,65704,65710,65713,65820,65822,65837,65840,65847,65849,65853,66001,66004,66065,66068,66071,66092,66097,66101,66112,66115,66117,66122,66125,66133,66138,66144,66147,66153,66161,66163,66183],[10,64864,54346,64866,18],{"id":64865},"python-list-index-method",[15,64867,58973],{},[20,64869,64870,64873],{},[15,64871,64872],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64875,64876,64877,64880,64881,132],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[355,64878,64879],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64882,40702],{},[31,64884,3836],{"id":3835},[36,64886,64888],{"className":38,"code":64887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64889,64890,64922,64945],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,64891,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,64893,8001],{"class":51},[45,64895,56],{"class":55},[45,64897,1427],{"class":59},[45,64899,64],{"class":63},[45,64901,1028],{"class":67},[45,64903,64],{"class":63},[45,64905,84],{"class":59},[45,64907,76],{"class":63},[45,64909,1042],{"class":67},[45,64911,64],{"class":63},[45,64913,84],{"class":59},[45,64915,76],{"class":63},[45,64917,4321],{"class":67},[45,64919,64],{"class":63},[45,64921,244],{"class":59},[45,64923,64924,64927,64929,64931,64933,64935,64937,64939,64941,64943],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,64925,64926],{"class":51},"position ",[45,64928,56],{"class":55},[45,64930,6186],{"class":51},[45,64932,132],{"class":59},[45,64934,35840],{"class":135},[45,64936,156],{"class":59},[45,64938,64],{"class":63},[45,64940,1042],{"class":67},[45,64942,64],{"class":63},[45,64944,161],{"class":59},[45,64946,64947,64949,64951,64954,64956],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,64948,153],{"class":152},[45,64950,156],{"class":59},[45,64952,64953],{"class":135},"position",[45,64955,3889],{"class":59},[45,64957,27936],{"class":1712},[20,64959,1006,64960,64963,64964,64966],{},[15,64961,64962],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64965,40702],{}," if the item is not found.",[31,64968,253,64970,256],{"id":64969},"what-listindex-does",[15,64971,64872],{},[20,64973,64974,73],{},[15,64975,64872],{},[258,64977,64978,64981,64984,64989],{},[261,64979,64980],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[261,64982,64983],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[261,64985,64986,64987],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64988,1117],{},[261,64990,64991],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64993,54571,64994,132],{},[277,64995,52775],{"href":54574},[31,64997,284],{"id":283},[20,64999,30879],{},[36,65001,65003],{"className":38,"code":65002,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65004,65005],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65006,65007,65009,65011,65013,65015,65017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65008,1449],{"class":51},[45,65010,132],{"class":59},[45,65012,35840],{"class":135},[45,65014,156],{"class":59},[45,65016,947],{"class":135},[45,65018,161],{"class":59},[20,65020,65021],{},"You can also limit the search:",[36,65023,65025],{"className":38,"code":65024,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65026,65027],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65028,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65048],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65030,1449],{"class":51},[45,65032,132],{"class":59},[45,65034,35840],{"class":135},[45,65036,156],{"class":59},[45,65038,947],{"class":135},[45,65040,84],{"class":59},[45,65042,36046],{"class":135},[45,65044,84],{"class":59},[45,65046,65047],{"class":135}," end",[45,65049,161],{"class":59},[20,65051,65052],{},"Here is what each part means:",[258,65054,65055,65060,65065,65070],{},[261,65056,65057,65059],{},[15,65058,947],{},": the item to search for",[261,65061,65062,65064],{},[15,65063,36067],{},": where the search begins",[261,65066,65067,65069],{},[15,65068,52664],{},": where the search stops",[261,65071,65072,5007,65074,65077],{},[15,65073,52664],{},[355,65075,65076],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65079,65080,65081,65083,65084,132],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65082,36067],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65085,52664],{},[31,65087,38017],{"id":38016},[20,65089,65090,65092],{},[15,65091,64872],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65094,65095,65096,65099],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[355,65097,65098],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65101,361],{},[36,65103,65105],{"className":38,"code":65104,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65106,65107,65127,65145,65149],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65108,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65110,3846],{"class":51},[45,65112,56],{"class":55},[45,65114,1427],{"class":59},[45,65116,2560],{"class":96},[45,65118,84],{"class":59},[45,65120,97],{"class":96},[45,65122,84],{"class":59},[45,65124,8016],{"class":96},[45,65126,244],{"class":59},[45,65128,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65130,716],{"class":51},[45,65132,56],{"class":55},[45,65134,4488],{"class":51},[45,65136,132],{"class":59},[45,65138,35840],{"class":135},[45,65140,156],{"class":59},[45,65142,15948],{"class":96},[45,65144,161],{"class":59},[45,65146,65147],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,65148,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,65150,65151,65153,65155,65157],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,65152,153],{"class":152},[45,65154,156],{"class":59},[45,65156,740],{"class":135},[45,65158,161],{"class":59},[20,65160,182],{},[36,65162,65163],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,65164,65165],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65166,65167],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65168,46918],{"class":96},[20,65170,65171,65172,65174],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65173,58973],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[31,65176,65178],{"id":65177},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65180,65181],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[36,65183,65185],{"className":38,"code":65184,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65186,65187,65219,65241,65245],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65188,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199,65201,65203,65205,65207,65209,65211,65213,65215,65217],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65190,36234],{"class":51},[45,65192,56],{"class":55},[45,65194,1427],{"class":59},[45,65196,64],{"class":63},[45,65198,1028],{"class":67},[45,65200,64],{"class":63},[45,65202,84],{"class":59},[45,65204,76],{"class":63},[45,65206,1042],{"class":67},[45,65208,64],{"class":63},[45,65210,84],{"class":59},[45,65212,76],{"class":63},[45,65214,4321],{"class":67},[45,65216,64],{"class":63},[45,65218,244],{"class":59},[45,65220,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229,65231,65233,65235,65237,65239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65222,64926],{"class":51},[45,65224,56],{"class":55},[45,65226,52855],{"class":51},[45,65228,132],{"class":59},[45,65230,35840],{"class":135},[45,65232,156],{"class":59},[45,65234,64],{"class":63},[45,65236,4321],{"class":67},[45,65238,64],{"class":63},[45,65240,161],{"class":59},[45,65242,65243],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,65244,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,65246,65247,65249,65251,65253],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,65248,153],{"class":152},[45,65250,156],{"class":59},[45,65252,64953],{"class":135},[45,65254,161],{"class":59},[20,65256,182],{},[36,65258,65259],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,65260,65261],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65262,65263],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65264,1148],{"class":96},[20,65266,65267],{},"In this list:",[258,65269,65270,65277,65284],{},[261,65271,65272,65274,65275],{},[15,65273,57838],{}," is at index ",[15,65276,1117],{},[261,65278,65279,65274,65282],{},[15,65280,65281],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65283,1430],{},[261,65285,65286,65274,65289],{},[15,65287,65288],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65290,1133],{},[20,65292,53657,65293,2627,65296,132],{},[15,65294,65295],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65297,1133],{},[20,65299,51546,65300,132],{},[277,65301,65303],{"href":65302},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[31,65305,65307],{"id":65306},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65309,65310,65311,65313],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65312,58973],{}," returns the first match only.",[36,65315,65317],{"className":38,"code":65316,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65318,65319,65359,65363],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65320,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65322,13274],{"class":51},[45,65324,56],{"class":55},[45,65326,1427],{"class":59},[45,65328,64],{"class":63},[45,65330,13291],{"class":67},[45,65332,64],{"class":63},[45,65334,84],{"class":59},[45,65336,76],{"class":63},[45,65338,703],{"class":67},[45,65340,64],{"class":63},[45,65342,84],{"class":59},[45,65344,76],{"class":63},[45,65346,13291],{"class":67},[45,65348,64],{"class":63},[45,65350,84],{"class":59},[45,65352,76],{"class":63},[45,65354,17637],{"class":67},[45,65356,64],{"class":63},[45,65358,244],{"class":59},[45,65360,65361],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65362,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,65364,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,65366,153],{"class":152},[45,65368,156],{"class":59},[45,65370,17684],{"class":135},[45,65372,132],{"class":59},[45,65374,35840],{"class":135},[45,65376,156],{"class":59},[45,65378,64],{"class":63},[45,65380,13291],{"class":67},[45,65382,64],{"class":63},[45,65384,179],{"class":59},[20,65386,182],{},[36,65388,65389],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,65390,65391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65392,65393],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65394,47253],{"class":96},[20,65396,21156,65397,65400,65401,65403],{},[15,65398,65399],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65402,1117],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65405,65406,65407,132],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[277,65408,55524,65409,994],{"href":59032},[15,65410,57295],{},[31,65412,1797,65414,329,65416],{"id":65413},"using-start-and-end",[15,65415,36067],{},[15,65417,52664],{},[20,65419,65420,65421,329,65423,65425],{},"The optional ",[15,65422,36067],{},[15,65424,52664],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[36,65427,65429],{"className":38,"code":65428,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65430,65431,65479,65483,65508,65537],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65432,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65434,36085],{"class":51},[45,65436,56],{"class":55},[45,65438,1427],{"class":59},[45,65440,64],{"class":63},[45,65442,277],{"class":67},[45,65444,64],{"class":63},[45,65446,84],{"class":59},[45,65448,76],{"class":63},[45,65450,1930],{"class":67},[45,65452,64],{"class":63},[45,65454,84],{"class":59},[45,65456,76],{"class":63},[45,65458,9951],{"class":67},[45,65460,64],{"class":63},[45,65462,84],{"class":59},[45,65464,76],{"class":63},[45,65466,1930],{"class":67},[45,65468,64],{"class":63},[45,65470,84],{"class":59},[45,65472,76],{"class":63},[45,65474,18946],{"class":67},[45,65476,64],{"class":63},[45,65478,244],{"class":59},[45,65480,65481],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65482,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,65484,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,65486,153],{"class":152},[45,65488,156],{"class":59},[45,65490,36138],{"class":135},[45,65492,132],{"class":59},[45,65494,35840],{"class":135},[45,65496,156],{"class":59},[45,65498,64],{"class":63},[45,65500,1930],{"class":67},[45,65502,64],{"class":63},[45,65504,5582],{"class":59},[45,65506,65507],{"class":1712},"        # first match\n",[45,65509,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,65511,153],{"class":152},[45,65513,156],{"class":59},[45,65515,36138],{"class":135},[45,65517,132],{"class":59},[45,65519,35840],{"class":135},[45,65521,156],{"class":59},[45,65523,64],{"class":63},[45,65525,1930],{"class":67},[45,65527,64],{"class":63},[45,65529,84],{"class":59},[45,65531,1035],{"class":96},[45,65533,5582],{"class":59},[45,65535,65536],{"class":1712},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[45,65538,65539,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,65540,153],{"class":152},[45,65542,156],{"class":59},[45,65544,36138],{"class":135},[45,65546,132],{"class":59},[45,65548,35840],{"class":135},[45,65550,156],{"class":59},[45,65552,64],{"class":63},[45,65554,1930],{"class":67},[45,65556,64],{"class":63},[45,65558,84],{"class":59},[45,65560,1049],{"class":96},[45,65562,84],{"class":59},[45,65564,2687],{"class":96},[45,65566,5582],{"class":59},[45,65568,65569],{"class":1712},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65571,182],{},[36,65573,65575],{"className":38,"code":65574,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65576,65577,65581,65585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65578,65579],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65580,46918],{"class":96},[45,65582,65583],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65584,46618],{"class":96},[45,65586,65587],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,65588,46918],{"class":96},[20,65590,65591],{},"How this works:",[258,65593,65594,65606,65619],{},[261,65595,65596,65599,65600,65603,65604],{},[15,65597,65598],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65601,65602],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65605,1430],{},[261,65607,65608,65611,65612,65614,65615,65603,65617],{},[15,65609,65610],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65613,1133],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65616,65602],{},[15,65618,2294],{},[261,65620,65621,65624,65625,2419,65627,17257,65629],{},[15,65622,65623],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65626,1430],{},[15,65628,1133],{},[15,65630,2294],{},[20,65632,65633],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[31,65635,65637],{"id":65636},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65639,65640,65641,132],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65642,40702],{},[20,65644,361],{},[36,65646,65648],{"className":38,"code":65647,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65649,65650,65682],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65651,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65653,8001],{"class":51},[45,65655,56],{"class":55},[45,65657,1427],{"class":59},[45,65659,64],{"class":63},[45,65661,1028],{"class":67},[45,65663,64],{"class":63},[45,65665,84],{"class":59},[45,65667,76],{"class":63},[45,65669,1042],{"class":67},[45,65671,64],{"class":63},[45,65673,84],{"class":59},[45,65675,76],{"class":63},[45,65677,4321],{"class":67},[45,65679,64],{"class":63},[45,65681,244],{"class":59},[45,65683,65684,65686,65688,65690,65692,65694,65696,65698,65700,65702],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65685,153],{"class":152},[45,65687,156],{"class":59},[45,65689,1289],{"class":135},[45,65691,132],{"class":59},[45,65693,35840],{"class":135},[45,65695,156],{"class":59},[45,65697,64],{"class":63},[45,65699,1056],{"class":67},[45,65701,64],{"class":63},[45,65703,179],{"class":59},[20,65705,39651,65706,65709],{},[15,65707,65708],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65711,65712],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[36,65714,65716],{"className":38,"code":65715,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65717,65718,65750,65763,65767,65780,65799,65805],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65719,65720,65722,65724,65726,65728,65730,65732,65734,65736,65738,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65721,8001],{"class":51},[45,65723,56],{"class":55},[45,65725,1427],{"class":59},[45,65727,64],{"class":63},[45,65729,1028],{"class":67},[45,65731,64],{"class":63},[45,65733,84],{"class":59},[45,65735,76],{"class":63},[45,65737,1042],{"class":67},[45,65739,64],{"class":63},[45,65741,84],{"class":59},[45,65743,76],{"class":63},[45,65745,4321],{"class":67},[45,65747,64],{"class":63},[45,65749,244],{"class":59},[45,65751,65752,65755,65757,65759,65761],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65753,65754],{"class":51},"search_value ",[45,65756,56],{"class":55},[45,65758,76],{"class":63},[45,65760,1056],{"class":67},[45,65762,468],{"class":63},[45,65764,65765],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,65766,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,65768,65769,65771,65774,65776,65778],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,65770,7219],{"class":921},[45,65772,65773],{"class":51}," search_value ",[45,65775,927],{"class":55},[45,65777,6186],{"class":51},[45,65779,6614],{"class":59},[45,65781,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65797],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,65783,942],{"class":152},[45,65785,156],{"class":59},[45,65787,1289],{"class":135},[45,65789,132],{"class":59},[45,65791,35840],{"class":135},[45,65793,156],{"class":59},[45,65795,65796],{"class":135},"search_value",[45,65798,179],{"class":59},[45,65800,65801,65803],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,65802,27590],{"class":921},[45,65804,6614],{"class":59},[45,65806,65807,65809,65811,65813,65816,65818],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,65808,942],{"class":152},[45,65810,156],{"class":59},[45,65812,64],{"class":63},[45,65814,65815],{"class":67},"Item not found",[45,65817,64],{"class":63},[45,65819,161],{"class":59},[20,65821,182],{},[36,65823,65825],{"className":38,"code":65824,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Item not found\n",[15,65826,65827],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65828,65829,65832,65834],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65830,65831],{"class":51},"Item ",[45,65833,4854],{"class":55},[45,65835,65836],{"class":51}," found\n",[20,65838,65839],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65841,65842,65843,132],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[277,65844,65846],{"href":65845},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[31,65848,1391],{"id":1390},[20,65850,21390,65851,73],{},[15,65852,64872],{},[258,65854,65855,65873,65885,65945],{},[261,65856,25932,65857,2627,65859,65862,65863,65865,65866,5381,65868,65870,65871,132],{},[15,65858,58973],{},[15,65860,65861],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10058,65864],{},"\nPython does ",[355,65867,4854],{},[15,65869,65861],{},". It raises ",[15,65872,40702],{},[261,65874,65875,65876,65878,65881,65882,65884],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10058,65877],{},[15,65879,65880],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65883,65281],{},", not the value itself.",[261,65886,1797,65887,1800,65890,65892,65894,65895,16848,65897,65920,1412,65922],{},[15,65888,65889],{},"index[]",[15,65891,58973],{},[10058,65893],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10058,65896],{},[36,65898,65900],{"className":38,"code":65899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65901,65902],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65903,65904,65906,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65905,1289],{"class":51},[45,65907,132],{"class":59},[45,65909,35840],{"class":135},[45,65911,156],{"class":59},[45,65913,64],{"class":63},[45,65915,1042],{"class":67},[45,65917,64],{"class":63},[45,65919,161],{"class":59},[10058,65921],{},[36,65923,65925],{"className":38,"code":65924,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65926,65927],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65928,65929,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65930,1289],{"class":51},[45,65932,132],{"class":59},[45,65934,35840],{"class":1863},[45,65936,223],{"class":59},[45,65938,64],{"class":63},[45,65940,1042],{"class":67},[45,65942,64],{"class":63},[45,65944,244],{"class":59},[261,65946,65947,65948,65950,329,65953,65955,65956],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10058,65949],{},[15,65951,65952],{},"\"3\"",[15,65954,2294],{}," are different values in Python.",[36,65957,65959],{"className":38,"code":65958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65960,65961,65981],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,65962,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,65964,3846],{"class":51},[45,65966,56],{"class":55},[45,65968,1427],{"class":59},[45,65970,1430],{"class":96},[45,65972,84],{"class":59},[45,65974,1035],{"class":96},[45,65976,84],{"class":59},[45,65978,1063],{"class":96},[45,65980,244],{"class":59},[45,65982,65983,65985,65987,65989,65991,65993,65995,65997,65999],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,65984,153],{"class":152},[45,65986,156],{"class":59},[45,65988,64],{"class":63},[45,65990,2294],{"class":67},[45,65992,64],{"class":63},[45,65994,21352],{"class":921},[45,65996,4488],{"class":135},[45,65998,3889],{"class":59},[45,66000,4995],{"class":1712},[20,66002,66003],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[36,66005,66007],{"className":38,"code":66006,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66008,66009,66019,66033,66047],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66010,66011,66013,66015,66017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66012,153],{"class":152},[45,66014,156],{"class":59},[45,66016,1449],{"class":135},[45,66018,161],{"class":59},[45,66020,66021,66023,66025,66027,66029,66031],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66022,153],{"class":152},[45,66024,156],{"class":59},[45,66026,1478],{"class":171},[45,66028,156],{"class":59},[45,66030,65796],{"class":135},[45,66032,179],{"class":59},[45,66034,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66036,153],{"class":152},[45,66038,156],{"class":59},[45,66040,65754],{"class":135},[45,66042,927],{"class":921},[45,66044,8613],{"class":135},[45,66046,161],{"class":59},[45,66048,66049,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,66050,153],{"class":152},[45,66052,156],{"class":59},[45,66054,1449],{"class":135},[45,66056,132],{"class":59},[45,66058,35840],{"class":135},[45,66060,156],{"class":59},[45,66062,65796],{"class":135},[45,66064,179],{"class":59},[20,66066,66067],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66069,66070],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[258,66072,66073,66076,66083,66089],{},[261,66074,66075],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[261,66077,66078,66079,1800,66081],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66080,65952],{},[15,66082,2294],{},[261,66084,66085,66086,66088],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66087,58973],{}," returns only the first one",[261,66090,66091],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[31,66093,5185,66095],{"id":66094},"when-to-use-index",[15,66096,58973],{},[20,66098,1006,66099,10811],{},[15,66100,58973],{},[258,66102,66103,66106,66109],{},[261,66104,66105],{},"You need the position of a known value",[261,66107,66108],{},"You are working with a small list",[261,66110,66111],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66113,66114],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[31,66116,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,66118,2049,66120,2052],{"id":66119},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66121,64872],{},[20,66123,66124],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1398,66126,2062,66128,5381,66130,66132],{"id":66127},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66129,64872],{},[15,66131,65861],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66134,66135,66136,6852],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66137,40702],{},[1398,66139,5390,66141,66143],{"id":66140},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66142,64872],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66145,66146],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1398,66148,66150,66151,2079],{"id":66149},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66152,58973],{},[20,66154,66155,66156,329,66158,66160],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66157,36067],{},[15,66159,52664],{}," arguments.",[31,66162,2114],{"id":2113},[258,66164,66165,66169,66173,66177],{},[261,66166,66167],{},[277,66168,58961],{"href":65302},[261,66170,66171],{},[277,66172,52775],{"href":54574},[261,66174,66175],{},[277,66176,65846],{"href":65845},[261,66178,66179],{},[277,66180,55524,66181,994],{"href":59032},[15,66182,57295],{},[2154,66184,66185],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":66187},[66188,66189,66191,66192,66193,66194,66195,66197,66198,66199,66201,66211],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":64969,"depth":121,"text":66190},"What list.index() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":38016,"depth":121,"text":38017},{"id":65177,"depth":121,"text":65178},{"id":65306,"depth":121,"text":65307},{"id":65413,"depth":121,"text":66196},"Using start and end",{"id":65636,"depth":121,"text":65637},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391},{"id":66094,"depth":121,"text":66200},"When to use index()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":66202},[66203,66205,66207,66209],{"id":66119,"depth":142,"text":66204},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66127,"depth":142,"text":66206},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66140,"depth":142,"text":66208},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66149,"depth":142,"text":66210},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64860,"description":66212},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66219,"title":66220,"body":66221,"description":68163,"extension":2195,"meta":68164,"navigation":145,"path":68165,"seo":68166,"stem":68167,"__hash__":68168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66222,"toc":68123},[66223,66228,66233,66236,66245,66302,66308,66313,66317,66331,66337,66339,66362,66379,66381,66442,66444,66476,66489,66491,66494,66594,66596,66674,66680,66684,66692,66696,66702,66757,66759,66783,66787,66790,66843,66845,66869,66873,66876,66929,66931,66955,66959,66965,67036,67038,67079,67085,67092,67095,67100,67108,67113,67121,67123,67220,67222,67291,67298,67303,67305,67309,67314,67316,67387,67389,67418,67424,67426,67453,67456,67479,67483,67486,67508,67511,67534,67536,67596,67598,67630,67636,67641,67694,67696,67721,67724,67773,67775,67796,67800,67805,67808,67863,67865,67892,67899,67903,67908,67979,67982,67996,68001,68006,68008,68022,68034,68039,68041,68046,68051,68055,68058,68064,68070,68077,68085,68087,68120],[10,66224,54346,66226,18],{"id":66225},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66227,54272],{},[20,66229,66230,66232],{},[15,66231,53915],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66234,66235],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66237,1006,66238,66240,66241,132],{},[15,66239,54272],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[277,66242,55524,66243,994],{"href":56773},[15,66244,52656],{},[36,66246,66248],{"className":38,"code":66247,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66249,66250,66270,66288,66298],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66251,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66253,3846],{"class":51},[45,66255,56],{"class":55},[45,66257,1427],{"class":59},[45,66259,1430],{"class":96},[45,66261,84],{"class":59},[45,66263,1035],{"class":96},[45,66265,84],{"class":59},[45,66267,2687],{"class":96},[45,66269,244],{"class":59},[45,66271,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282,66284,66286],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66273,3876],{"class":51},[45,66275,132],{"class":59},[45,66277,53955],{"class":135},[45,66279,156],{"class":59},[45,66281,1133],{"class":96},[45,66283,84],{"class":59},[45,66285,1063],{"class":96},[45,66287,161],{"class":59},[45,66289,66290,66292,66294,66296],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66291,153],{"class":152},[45,66293,156],{"class":59},[45,66295,3876],{"class":135},[45,66297,161],{"class":59},[45,66299,66300],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,66301,52727],{"class":1712},[20,66303,1006,66304,66307],{},[15,66305,66306],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[31,66309,253,66311,256],{"id":66310},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66312,53915],{},[20,66314,66315,73],{},[15,66316,53915],{},[258,66318,66319,66322,66325,66327],{},[261,66320,66321],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[261,66323,66324],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[261,66326,54432],{},[261,66328,11629,66329],{},[15,66330,4006],{},[20,66332,66333,66334,66336],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66335,54272],{}," does not create a new list.",[31,66338,5652],{"id":5651},[36,66340,66342],{"className":38,"code":66341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66343,66344],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66345,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354,66356,66358,66360],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66347,1449],{"class":51},[45,66349,132],{"class":59},[45,66351,53955],{"class":135},[45,66353,156],{"class":59},[45,66355,35840],{"class":135},[45,66357,84],{"class":59},[45,66359,29663],{"class":135},[45,66361,161],{"class":59},[258,66363,66364,66369,66374],{},[261,66365,66366,66368],{},[15,66367,35840],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[261,66370,66371,66373],{},[15,66372,23483],{}," is the value to add",[261,66375,66376,66377],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66378,1117],{},[20,66380,361],{},[36,66382,66384],{"className":38,"code":66383,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66385,66386,66410,66432],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66387,66388,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66389,36085],{"class":51},[45,66391,56],{"class":55},[45,66393,1427],{"class":59},[45,66395,64],{"class":63},[45,66397,277],{"class":67},[45,66399,64],{"class":63},[45,66401,84],{"class":59},[45,66403,76],{"class":63},[45,66405,9951],{"class":67},[45,66407,64],{"class":63},[45,66409,244],{"class":59},[45,66411,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428,66430],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66413,36138],{"class":51},[45,66415,132],{"class":59},[45,66417,53955],{"class":135},[45,66419,156],{"class":59},[45,66421,1430],{"class":96},[45,66423,84],{"class":59},[45,66425,76],{"class":63},[45,66427,1930],{"class":67},[45,66429,64],{"class":63},[45,66431,161],{"class":59},[45,66433,66434,66436,66438,66440],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66435,153],{"class":152},[45,66437,156],{"class":59},[45,66439,36138],{"class":135},[45,66441,161],{"class":59},[20,66443,182],{},[36,66445,66446],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,66447,66448],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66449,66450,66452,66454,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66451,223],{"class":59},[45,66453,198],{"class":63},[45,66455,277],{"class":67},[45,66457,198],{"class":63},[45,66459,84],{"class":59},[45,66461,211],{"class":63},[45,66463,1930],{"class":67},[45,66465,198],{"class":63},[45,66467,84],{"class":59},[45,66469,211],{"class":63},[45,66471,9951],{"class":67},[45,66473,198],{"class":63},[45,66475,244],{"class":59},[20,66477,20949,66478,66480,66481,66483,66484,329,66486,132],{},[15,66479,65602],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66482,1430],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66485,18277],{},[15,66487,66488],{},"\"c\"",[31,66490,6008],{"id":6007},[20,66492,66493],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[36,66495,66497],{"className":38,"code":66496,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66498,66499,66531,66549,66553,66575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66500,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66502,13274],{"class":51},[45,66504,56],{"class":55},[45,66506,1427],{"class":59},[45,66508,64],{"class":63},[45,66510,13291],{"class":67},[45,66512,64],{"class":63},[45,66514,84],{"class":59},[45,66516,76],{"class":63},[45,66518,703],{"class":67},[45,66520,64],{"class":63},[45,66522,84],{"class":59},[45,66524,76],{"class":63},[45,66526,17637],{"class":67},[45,66528,64],{"class":63},[45,66530,244],{"class":59},[45,66532,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66534,153],{"class":152},[45,66536,156],{"class":59},[45,66538,64],{"class":63},[45,66540,11766],{"class":67},[45,66542,64],{"class":63},[45,66544,84],{"class":59},[45,66546,13321],{"class":135},[45,66548,161],{"class":59},[45,66550,66551],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66552,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,66554,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,66556,17684],{"class":51},[45,66558,132],{"class":59},[45,66560,53955],{"class":135},[45,66562,156],{"class":59},[45,66564,1430],{"class":96},[45,66566,84],{"class":59},[45,66568,76],{"class":63},[45,66570,22698],{"class":67},[45,66572,64],{"class":63},[45,66574,161],{"class":59},[45,66576,66577,66579,66581,66583,66586,66588,66590,66592],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,66578,153],{"class":152},[45,66580,156],{"class":59},[45,66582,64],{"class":63},[45,66584,66585],{"class":67},"After: ",[45,66587,64],{"class":63},[45,66589,84],{"class":59},[45,66591,13321],{"class":135},[45,66593,161],{"class":59},[20,66595,182],{},[36,66597,66599],{"className":38,"code":66598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66600,66601,66633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66602,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66604,11826],{"class":51},[45,66606,73],{"class":59},[45,66608,1427],{"class":59},[45,66610,198],{"class":63},[45,66612,13291],{"class":67},[45,66614,198],{"class":63},[45,66616,84],{"class":59},[45,66618,211],{"class":63},[45,66620,703],{"class":67},[45,66622,198],{"class":63},[45,66624,84],{"class":59},[45,66626,211],{"class":63},[45,66628,17637],{"class":67},[45,66630,198],{"class":63},[45,66632,244],{"class":59},[45,66634,66635,66637,66639,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66636,11879],{"class":51},[45,66638,73],{"class":59},[45,66640,66641],{"class":59},"  [",[45,66643,198],{"class":63},[45,66645,13291],{"class":67},[45,66647,198],{"class":63},[45,66649,84],{"class":59},[45,66651,211],{"class":63},[45,66653,22698],{"class":67},[45,66655,198],{"class":63},[45,66657,84],{"class":59},[45,66659,211],{"class":63},[45,66661,703],{"class":67},[45,66663,198],{"class":63},[45,66665,84],{"class":59},[45,66667,211],{"class":63},[45,66669,17637],{"class":67},[45,66671,198],{"class":63},[45,66673,244],{"class":59},[20,66675,66676,66677,66679],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66678,1430],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[31,66681,66683],{"id":66682},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66685,2212,66686,35323,66688,66691],{},[15,66687,35840],{},[15,66689,66690],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1398,66693,66695],{"id":66694},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66697,66698,66699,66701],{},"Use index ",[15,66700,1117],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[36,66703,66705],{"className":38,"code":66704,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66706,66707,66728,66747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66708,66709,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66710,66711],{"class":51},"nums ",[45,66713,56],{"class":55},[45,66715,1427],{"class":59},[45,66717,1133],{"class":96},[45,66719,84],{"class":59},[45,66721,1063],{"class":96},[45,66723,84],{"class":59},[45,66725,2687],{"class":96},[45,66727,244],{"class":59},[45,66729,66730,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66731,66732],{"class":51},"nums",[45,66734,132],{"class":59},[45,66736,53955],{"class":135},[45,66738,156],{"class":59},[45,66740,1117],{"class":96},[45,66742,84],{"class":59},[45,66744,1049],{"class":96},[45,66746,161],{"class":59},[45,66748,66749,66751,66753,66755],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66750,153],{"class":152},[45,66752,156],{"class":59},[45,66754,66732],{"class":135},[45,66756,161],{"class":59},[20,66758,182],{},[36,66760,66761],{"className":38,"code":53509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,66762,66763],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66764,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66766,223],{"class":59},[45,66768,1430],{"class":96},[45,66770,84],{"class":59},[45,66772,1035],{"class":96},[45,66774,84],{"class":59},[45,66776,1063],{"class":96},[45,66778,84],{"class":59},[45,66780,2687],{"class":96},[45,66782,244],{"class":59},[1398,66784,66786],{"id":66785},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66788,66789],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[36,66791,66793],{"className":38,"code":66792,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66794,66795,66815,66833],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66796,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66798,66711],{"class":51},[45,66800,56],{"class":55},[45,66802,1427],{"class":59},[45,66804,1430],{"class":96},[45,66806,84],{"class":59},[45,66808,1035],{"class":96},[45,66810,84],{"class":59},[45,66812,2687],{"class":96},[45,66814,244],{"class":59},[45,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66818,66732],{"class":51},[45,66820,132],{"class":59},[45,66822,53955],{"class":135},[45,66824,156],{"class":59},[45,66826,1133],{"class":96},[45,66828,84],{"class":59},[45,66830,1063],{"class":96},[45,66832,161],{"class":59},[45,66834,66835,66837,66839,66841],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66836,153],{"class":152},[45,66838,156],{"class":59},[45,66840,66732],{"class":135},[45,66842,161],{"class":59},[20,66844,182],{},[36,66846,66847],{"className":38,"code":53509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,66848,66849],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66850,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66852,223],{"class":59},[45,66854,1430],{"class":96},[45,66856,84],{"class":59},[45,66858,1035],{"class":96},[45,66860,84],{"class":59},[45,66862,1063],{"class":96},[45,66864,84],{"class":59},[45,66866,2687],{"class":96},[45,66868,244],{"class":59},[1398,66870,66872],{"id":66871},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66874,66875],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[36,66877,66879],{"className":38,"code":66878,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66880,66881,66901,66919],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66882,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66884,66711],{"class":51},[45,66886,56],{"class":55},[45,66888,1427],{"class":59},[45,66890,1430],{"class":96},[45,66892,84],{"class":59},[45,66894,1035],{"class":96},[45,66896,84],{"class":59},[45,66898,1063],{"class":96},[45,66900,244],{"class":59},[45,66902,66903,66905,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,66904,66732],{"class":51},[45,66906,132],{"class":59},[45,66908,53955],{"class":135},[45,66910,156],{"class":59},[45,66912,2560],{"class":96},[45,66914,84],{"class":59},[45,66916,2687],{"class":96},[45,66918,161],{"class":59},[45,66920,66921,66923,66925,66927],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,66922,153],{"class":152},[45,66924,156],{"class":59},[45,66926,66732],{"class":135},[45,66928,161],{"class":59},[20,66930,182],{},[36,66932,66933],{"className":38,"code":53509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,66934,66935],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66936,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66938,223],{"class":59},[45,66940,1430],{"class":96},[45,66942,84],{"class":59},[45,66944,1035],{"class":96},[45,66946,84],{"class":59},[45,66948,1063],{"class":96},[45,66950,84],{"class":59},[45,66952,2687],{"class":96},[45,66954,244],{"class":59},[1398,66956,66958],{"id":66957},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66960,66961,66962,66964],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66963,54272],{}," places the item before that position.",[36,66966,66968],{"className":38,"code":66967,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66969,66970,67002,67026],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,66971,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,66973,36085],{"class":51},[45,66975,56],{"class":55},[45,66977,1427],{"class":59},[45,66979,64],{"class":63},[45,66981,277],{"class":67},[45,66983,64],{"class":63},[45,66985,84],{"class":59},[45,66987,76],{"class":63},[45,66989,1930],{"class":67},[45,66991,64],{"class":63},[45,66993,84],{"class":59},[45,66995,76],{"class":63},[45,66997,18946],{"class":67},[45,66999,64],{"class":63},[45,67001,244],{"class":59},[45,67003,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67005,36138],{"class":51},[45,67007,132],{"class":59},[45,67009,53955],{"class":135},[45,67011,156],{"class":59},[45,67013,2254],{"class":55},[45,67015,1430],{"class":96},[45,67017,84],{"class":59},[45,67019,76],{"class":63},[45,67021,9951],{"class":67},[45,67023,64],{"class":63},[45,67025,161],{"class":59},[45,67027,67028,67030,67032,67034],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67029,153],{"class":152},[45,67031,156],{"class":59},[45,67033,36138],{"class":135},[45,67035,161],{"class":59},[20,67037,182],{},[36,67039,67041],{"className":38,"code":67040,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67042,67043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67044,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67046,223],{"class":59},[45,67048,198],{"class":63},[45,67050,277],{"class":67},[45,67052,198],{"class":63},[45,67054,84],{"class":59},[45,67056,211],{"class":63},[45,67058,1930],{"class":67},[45,67060,198],{"class":63},[45,67062,84],{"class":59},[45,67064,211],{"class":63},[45,67066,9951],{"class":67},[45,67068,198],{"class":63},[45,67070,84],{"class":59},[45,67072,211],{"class":63},[45,67074,18946],{"class":67},[45,67076,198],{"class":63},[45,67078,244],{"class":59},[20,67080,67081,67082,2533],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[277,67083,67084],{"href":50982},"Python lists beginner guide",[31,67086,67088,1174,67090],{"id":67087},"insert-vs-append",[15,67089,54272],{},[15,67091,52656],{},[20,67093,67094],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1398,67096,1006,67098,10811],{"id":67097},"use-insert-when",[15,67099,54272],{},[258,67101,67102,67105],{},[261,67103,67104],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[261,67106,67107],{},"The order of the list matters",[1398,67109,1006,67111,10811],{"id":67110},"use-append-when",[15,67112,52656],{},[258,67114,67115,67118],{},[261,67116,67117],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[261,67119,67120],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67122,361],{},[36,67124,67126],{"className":38,"code":67125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67127,67128,67152,67156,67178,67188,67192,67210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67129,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67131,8001],{"class":51},[45,67133,56],{"class":55},[45,67135,1427],{"class":59},[45,67137,64],{"class":63},[45,67139,1028],{"class":67},[45,67141,64],{"class":63},[45,67143,84],{"class":59},[45,67145,76],{"class":63},[45,67147,1056],{"class":67},[45,67149,64],{"class":63},[45,67151,244],{"class":59},[45,67153,67154],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67155,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,67157,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67159,1289],{"class":51},[45,67161,132],{"class":59},[45,67163,53955],{"class":135},[45,67165,156],{"class":59},[45,67167,1430],{"class":96},[45,67169,84],{"class":59},[45,67171,76],{"class":63},[45,67173,1042],{"class":67},[45,67175,64],{"class":63},[45,67177,161],{"class":59},[45,67179,67180,67182,67184,67186],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,67181,153],{"class":152},[45,67183,156],{"class":59},[45,67185,1289],{"class":135},[45,67187,161],{"class":59},[45,67189,67190],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,67191,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,67193,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,67195,1289],{"class":51},[45,67197,132],{"class":59},[45,67199,13746],{"class":135},[45,67201,156],{"class":59},[45,67203,64],{"class":63},[45,67205,22707],{"class":67},[45,67207,64],{"class":63},[45,67209,161],{"class":59},[45,67211,67212,67214,67216,67218],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,67213,153],{"class":152},[45,67215,156],{"class":59},[45,67217,1289],{"class":135},[45,67219,161],{"class":59},[20,67221,182],{},[36,67223,67225],{"className":38,"code":67224,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67226,67227,67255],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67228,67229,67231,67233,67235,67237,67239,67241,67243,67245,67247,67249,67251,67253],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67230,223],{"class":59},[45,67232,198],{"class":63},[45,67234,1028],{"class":67},[45,67236,198],{"class":63},[45,67238,84],{"class":59},[45,67240,211],{"class":63},[45,67242,1042],{"class":67},[45,67244,198],{"class":63},[45,67246,84],{"class":59},[45,67248,211],{"class":63},[45,67250,1056],{"class":67},[45,67252,198],{"class":63},[45,67254,244],{"class":59},[45,67256,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67258,223],{"class":59},[45,67260,198],{"class":63},[45,67262,1028],{"class":67},[45,67264,198],{"class":63},[45,67266,84],{"class":59},[45,67268,211],{"class":63},[45,67270,1042],{"class":67},[45,67272,198],{"class":63},[45,67274,84],{"class":59},[45,67276,211],{"class":63},[45,67278,1056],{"class":67},[45,67280,198],{"class":63},[45,67282,84],{"class":59},[45,67284,211],{"class":63},[45,67286,22707],{"class":67},[45,67288,198],{"class":63},[45,67290,244],{"class":59},[20,67292,67293,67294,132],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[277,67295,55524,67296,994],{"href":56773},[15,67297,52656],{},[20,67299,67300,67301,132],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[277,67302,53053],{"href":53052},[31,67304,1391],{"id":1390},[20,67306,14926,67307,132],{},[15,67308,54272],{},[1398,67310,12796,67312],{"id":67311},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67313,54272],{},[20,67315,25848],{},[36,67317,67319],{"className":38,"code":67318,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67320,67321,67341,67363,67367,67377],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67322,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67324,3846],{"class":51},[45,67326,56],{"class":55},[45,67328,1427],{"class":59},[45,67330,1430],{"class":96},[45,67332,84],{"class":59},[45,67334,1035],{"class":96},[45,67336,84],{"class":59},[45,67338,1063],{"class":96},[45,67340,244],{"class":59},[45,67342,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67344,716],{"class":51},[45,67346,56],{"class":55},[45,67348,4488],{"class":51},[45,67350,132],{"class":59},[45,67352,53955],{"class":135},[45,67354,156],{"class":59},[45,67356,1430],{"class":96},[45,67358,84],{"class":59},[45,67360,10409],{"class":96},[45,67362,161],{"class":59},[45,67364,67365],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67366,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,67368,67369,67371,67373,67375],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,67370,153],{"class":152},[45,67372,156],{"class":59},[45,67374,740],{"class":135},[45,67376,161],{"class":59},[45,67378,67379,67381,67383,67385],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,67380,153],{"class":152},[45,67382,156],{"class":59},[45,67384,3876],{"class":135},[45,67386,161],{"class":59},[20,67388,182],{},[36,67390,67392],{"className":38,"code":67391,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67393,67394,67398],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67395,67396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67397,12009],{"class":4080},[45,67399,67400,67402,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67401,223],{"class":59},[45,67403,1430],{"class":96},[45,67405,84],{"class":59},[45,67407,10409],{"class":96},[45,67409,84],{"class":59},[45,67411,1035],{"class":96},[45,67413,84],{"class":59},[45,67415,1063],{"class":96},[45,67417,244],{"class":59},[20,67419,67420,54157,67422,132],{},[15,67421,54272],{},[15,67423,4006],{},[20,67425,1412],{},[36,67427,67429],{"className":38,"code":67428,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67430,67431],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67432,67433,67435,67437,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67434,55894],{"class":51},[45,67436,56],{"class":55},[45,67438,4488],{"class":51},[45,67440,132],{"class":59},[45,67442,53955],{"class":135},[45,67444,156],{"class":59},[45,67446,1430],{"class":96},[45,67448,84],{"class":59},[45,67450,10409],{"class":96},[45,67452,161],{"class":59},[20,67454,67455],{},"Right:",[36,67457,67459],{"className":38,"code":67458,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67460,67461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67462,67463,67465,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67464,3876],{"class":51},[45,67466,132],{"class":59},[45,67468,53955],{"class":135},[45,67470,156],{"class":59},[45,67472,1430],{"class":96},[45,67474,84],{"class":59},[45,67476,10409],{"class":96},[45,67478,161],{"class":59},[1398,67480,67482],{"id":67481},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67484,67485],{},"The correct order is:",[36,67487,67488],{"className":38,"code":66341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,67489,67490],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67491,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67493,1449],{"class":51},[45,67495,132],{"class":59},[45,67497,53955],{"class":135},[45,67499,156],{"class":59},[45,67501,35840],{"class":135},[45,67503,84],{"class":59},[45,67505,29663],{"class":135},[45,67507,161],{"class":59},[20,67509,67510],{},"Not:",[36,67512,67514],{"className":38,"code":67513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67515,67516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67517,67518,67520,67522,67524,67526,67528,67530,67532],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67519,1449],{"class":51},[45,67521,132],{"class":59},[45,67523,53955],{"class":135},[45,67525,156],{"class":59},[45,67527,23483],{"class":135},[45,67529,84],{"class":59},[45,67531,35815],{"class":135},[45,67533,161],{"class":59},[20,67535,361],{},[36,67537,67538],{"className":38,"code":66383,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,67539,67540,67564,67586],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67541,67542,67544,67546,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67543,36085],{"class":51},[45,67545,56],{"class":55},[45,67547,1427],{"class":59},[45,67549,64],{"class":63},[45,67551,277],{"class":67},[45,67553,64],{"class":63},[45,67555,84],{"class":59},[45,67557,76],{"class":63},[45,67559,9951],{"class":67},[45,67561,64],{"class":63},[45,67563,244],{"class":59},[45,67565,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578,67580,67582,67584],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67567,36138],{"class":51},[45,67569,132],{"class":59},[45,67571,53955],{"class":135},[45,67573,156],{"class":59},[45,67575,1430],{"class":96},[45,67577,84],{"class":59},[45,67579,76],{"class":63},[45,67581,1930],{"class":67},[45,67583,64],{"class":63},[45,67585,161],{"class":59},[45,67587,67588,67590,67592,67594],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67589,153],{"class":152},[45,67591,156],{"class":59},[45,67593,36138],{"class":135},[45,67595,161],{"class":59},[20,67597,182],{},[36,67599,67600],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,67601,67602],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67603,67604,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67605,223],{"class":59},[45,67607,198],{"class":63},[45,67609,277],{"class":67},[45,67611,198],{"class":63},[45,67613,84],{"class":59},[45,67615,211],{"class":63},[45,67617,1930],{"class":67},[45,67619,198],{"class":63},[45,67621,84],{"class":59},[45,67623,211],{"class":63},[45,67625,9951],{"class":67},[45,67627,198],{"class":63},[45,67629,244],{"class":59},[1398,67631,8670,67633,67635],{"id":67632},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67634,54272],{}," to replace an item",[20,67637,67638,67640],{},[15,67639,54272],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[36,67642,67644],{"className":38,"code":67643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67645,67646,67666,67684],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67647,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658,67660,67662,67664],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67649,3846],{"class":51},[45,67651,56],{"class":55},[45,67653,1427],{"class":59},[45,67655,1430],{"class":96},[45,67657,84],{"class":59},[45,67659,1035],{"class":96},[45,67661,84],{"class":59},[45,67663,1063],{"class":96},[45,67665,244],{"class":59},[45,67667,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67669,3876],{"class":51},[45,67671,132],{"class":59},[45,67673,53955],{"class":135},[45,67675,156],{"class":59},[45,67677,1430],{"class":96},[45,67679,84],{"class":59},[45,67681,10409],{"class":96},[45,67683,161],{"class":59},[45,67685,67686,67688,67690,67692],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67687,153],{"class":152},[45,67689,156],{"class":59},[45,67691,3876],{"class":135},[45,67693,161],{"class":59},[20,67695,182],{},[36,67697,67699],{"className":38,"code":67698,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67700,67701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67702,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715,67717,67719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67704,223],{"class":59},[45,67706,1430],{"class":96},[45,67708,84],{"class":59},[45,67710,10409],{"class":96},[45,67712,84],{"class":59},[45,67714,1035],{"class":96},[45,67716,84],{"class":59},[45,67718,1063],{"class":96},[45,67720,244],{"class":59},[20,67722,67723],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[36,67725,67727],{"className":38,"code":67726,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67728,67729,67749,67763],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67730,67731,67733,67735,67737,67739,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67732,3846],{"class":51},[45,67734,56],{"class":55},[45,67736,1427],{"class":59},[45,67738,1430],{"class":96},[45,67740,84],{"class":59},[45,67742,1035],{"class":96},[45,67744,84],{"class":59},[45,67746,1063],{"class":96},[45,67748,244],{"class":59},[45,67750,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67752,3876],{"class":51},[45,67754,223],{"class":59},[45,67756,1430],{"class":96},[45,67758,457],{"class":59},[45,67760,460],{"class":55},[45,67762,14323],{"class":96},[45,67764,67765,67767,67769,67771],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67766,153],{"class":152},[45,67768,156],{"class":59},[45,67770,3876],{"class":135},[45,67772,161],{"class":59},[20,67774,182],{},[36,67776,67778],{"className":38,"code":67777,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67779,67780],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67781,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67783,223],{"class":59},[45,67785,1430],{"class":96},[45,67787,84],{"class":59},[45,67789,10409],{"class":96},[45,67791,84],{"class":59},[45,67793,1063],{"class":96},[45,67795,244],{"class":59},[1398,67797,67799],{"id":67798},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67801,67802,67804],{},[15,67803,54272],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67806,67807],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[36,67809,67811],{"className":38,"code":67810,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67812,67813,67829,67853],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67814,67815,67817,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67816,3846],{"class":51},[45,67818,56],{"class":55},[45,67820,1427],{"class":59},[45,67822,1430],{"class":96},[45,67824,84],{"class":59},[45,67826,2687],{"class":96},[45,67828,244],{"class":59},[45,67830,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67832,3876],{"class":51},[45,67834,132],{"class":59},[45,67836,53955],{"class":135},[45,67838,156],{"class":59},[45,67840,1430],{"class":96},[45,67842,84],{"class":59},[45,67844,1427],{"class":59},[45,67846,1133],{"class":96},[45,67848,84],{"class":59},[45,67850,1063],{"class":96},[45,67852,218],{"class":59},[45,67854,67855,67857,67859,67861],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67856,153],{"class":152},[45,67858,156],{"class":59},[45,67860,3876],{"class":135},[45,67862,161],{"class":59},[20,67864,182],{},[36,67866,67868],{"className":38,"code":67867,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67869,67870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67871,67872,67874,67876,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67873,223],{"class":59},[45,67875,1430],{"class":96},[45,67877,84],{"class":59},[45,67879,1427],{"class":59},[45,67881,1133],{"class":96},[45,67883,84],{"class":59},[45,67885,1063],{"class":96},[45,67887,18243],{"class":59},[45,67889,2687],{"class":96},[45,67891,244],{"class":59},[20,67893,67894,67895,132],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[277,67896,55524,67897,994],{"href":53348},[15,67898,53450],{},[1398,67900,67902],{"id":67901},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67904,9093,67905,67907],{},[15,67906,54272],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[36,67909,67911],{"className":38,"code":67910,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67912,67913,67923,67937,67955,67969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,67914,67915,67917,67919,67921],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,67916,153],{"class":152},[45,67918,156],{"class":59},[45,67920,1449],{"class":135},[45,67922,161],{"class":59},[45,67924,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,67926,153],{"class":152},[45,67928,156],{"class":59},[45,67930,11369],{"class":152},[45,67932,156],{"class":59},[45,67934,1449],{"class":135},[45,67936,179],{"class":59},[45,67938,67939,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,67940,153],{"class":152},[45,67942,156],{"class":59},[45,67944,1449],{"class":135},[45,67946,132],{"class":59},[45,67948,53955],{"class":1863},[45,67950,132],{"class":59},[45,67952,34438],{"class":34445},[45,67954,161],{"class":59},[45,67956,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,67958,32306],{"class":152},[45,67960,156],{"class":59},[45,67962,172],{"class":171},[45,67964,132],{"class":59},[45,67966,53955],{"class":1863},[45,67968,161],{"class":59},[45,67970,67971,67973,67975,67977],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,67972,1478],{"class":171},[45,67974,156],{"class":59},[45,67976,1449],{"class":135},[45,67978,161],{"class":59},[20,67980,67981],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[258,67983,67984,67987,67990,67993],{},[261,67985,67986],{},"What is currently in the list",[261,67988,67989],{},"How long the list is",[261,67991,67992],{},"That you are working with a real list",[261,67994,67995],{},"How Python describes the method",[31,67997,5185,67999],{"id":67998},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68000,54272],{},[20,68002,1006,68003,68005],{},[15,68004,54272],{}," when position matters.",[20,68007,36421],{},[258,68009,68010,68013,68016,68019],{},[261,68011,68012],{},"Ordered menus",[261,68014,68015],{},"Rankings or score lists",[261,68017,68018],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[261,68020,68021],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68023,68024,68025,68027,68028,68030,68031,68033],{},"You usually do ",[355,68026,4854],{}," need ",[15,68029,54272],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68032,52656],{}," is simpler.",[20,68035,68036,68037,132],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[277,68038,57159],{"href":57158},[31,68040,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,68042,2062,68044,55473],{"id":68043},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68045,53915],{},[20,68047,68048,68049,132],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68050,4006],{},[1398,68052,68054],{"id":68053},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68056,68057],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1398,68059,5390,68061,68063],{"id":68060},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68062,53915],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68065,68066,68067,68069],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68068,53450],{}," or slicing.",[1398,68071,5400,68073,329,68075,2079],{"id":68072},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68074,54272],{},[15,68076,52656],{},[20,68078,68079,68081,68082,68084],{},[15,68080,54272],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68083,52656],{}," adds only at the end.",[31,68086,2114],{"id":2113},[258,68088,68089,68095,68101,68105,68109,68113],{},[261,68090,68091],{},[277,68092,55524,68093,994],{"href":56773},[15,68094,52656],{},[261,68096,68097],{},[277,68098,55524,68099,994],{"href":53348},[15,68100,53450],{},[261,68102,68103],{},[277,68104,54282],{"href":53052},[261,68106,68107],{},[277,68108,52775],{"href":50982},[261,68110,68111],{},[277,68112,57233],{"href":57158},[261,68114,68115],{},[277,68116,2149,68117,1499],{"href":54300},[15,68118,68119],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2154,68121,68122],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":68124},[68125,68127,68128,68129,68135,68142,68151,68153,68162],{"id":66310,"depth":121,"text":68126},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5651,"depth":121,"text":5652},{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":66682,"depth":121,"text":66683,"children":68130},[68131,68132,68133,68134],{"id":66694,"depth":142,"text":66695},{"id":66785,"depth":142,"text":66786},{"id":66871,"depth":142,"text":66872},{"id":66957,"depth":142,"text":66958},{"id":67087,"depth":121,"text":68136,"children":68137},"insert() vs append()",[68138,68140],{"id":67097,"depth":142,"text":68139},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67110,"depth":142,"text":68141},"Use append() when:",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":68143},[68144,68146,68147,68149,68150],{"id":67311,"depth":142,"text":68145},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67481,"depth":142,"text":67482},{"id":67632,"depth":142,"text":68148},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67798,"depth":142,"text":67799},{"id":67901,"depth":142,"text":67902},{"id":67998,"depth":121,"text":68152},"When to use insert()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":68154},[68155,68157,68158,68160],{"id":68043,"depth":142,"text":68156},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68053,"depth":142,"text":68054},{"id":68060,"depth":142,"text":68159},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68072,"depth":142,"text":68161},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66220,"description":68163},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68170,"title":68171,"body":68172,"description":69727,"extension":2195,"meta":69728,"navigation":145,"path":58978,"seo":69729,"stem":69730,"__hash__":69731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68173,"toc":69700},[68174,68180,68189,68238,68240,68248,68254,68256,68274,68280,68285,68288,68291,68306,68308,68360,68362,68370,68378,68385,68387,68393,68458,68460,68468,68470,68489,68492,68543,68547,68552,68579,68581,68589,68592,68661,68663,68678,68684,68688,68697,68700,68755,68757,68765,68768,68770,68815,68817,68825,68831,68833,68841,68844,68846,68885,68887,68926,68931,68933,68935,68970,68973,68975,69013,69017,69023,69025,69076,69078,69086,69093,69096,69117,69120,69175,69186,69188,69249,69251,69260,69267,69273,69276,69279,69336,69339,69352,69359,69365,69371,69373,69386,69389,69486,69488,69505,69508,69590,69592,69614,69621,69627,69629,69633,69639,69645,69650,69654,69657,69663,69670,69672,69697],[10,68175,68177,68178,3889],{"id":68176},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68179,11369],{},[20,68181,68182,68183,68185,68186,68188],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68184,42360],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68187,42360],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[36,68190,68192],{"className":38,"code":68191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68193,68194,68214,68228],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68195,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68208,68210,68212],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68197,3846],{"class":51},[45,68199,56],{"class":55},[45,68201,1427],{"class":59},[45,68203,2560],{"class":96},[45,68205,84],{"class":59},[45,68207,97],{"class":96},[45,68209,84],{"class":59},[45,68211,8016],{"class":96},[45,68213,244],{"class":59},[45,68215,68216,68218,68220,68222,68224,68226],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68217,41240],{"class":51},[45,68219,56],{"class":55},[45,68221,38383],{"class":152},[45,68223,156],{"class":59},[45,68225,3876],{"class":135},[45,68227,161],{"class":59},[45,68229,68230,68232,68234,68236],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,68231,153],{"class":152},[45,68233,156],{"class":59},[45,68235,41258],{"class":135},[45,68237,161],{"class":59},[20,68239,182],{},[36,68241,68242],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68243,68244],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68245,68246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68247,46618],{"class":96},[20,68249,1006,68250,68253],{},[15,68251,68252],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[31,68255,15356],{"id":15355},[258,68257,68258,68263,68268,68271],{},[261,68259,4423,68260,68262],{},[15,68261,42360],{}," works with Python lists",[261,68264,68265,68266,342],{},"What value ",[15,68267,42360],{},[261,68269,68270],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[261,68272,68273],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[31,68275,253,68277,68279],{"id":68276},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68278,42360],{}," returns for a list",[20,68281,68282,65092],{},[15,68283,68284],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68286,68287],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68289,68290],{},"A few important points:",[258,68292,68293,68296,68301],{},[261,68294,68295],{},"It counts list items",[261,68297,40904,68298,68300],{},[355,68299,4854],{}," count characters inside a string item",[261,68302,68303,68304],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68305,1117],{},[20,68307,361],{},[36,68309,68311],{"className":38,"code":68310,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68312,68313,68346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68314,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68334,68336,68338,68340,68342,68344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68316,4296],{"class":51},[45,68318,56],{"class":55},[45,68320,1427],{"class":59},[45,68322,64],{"class":63},[45,68324,37043],{"class":67},[45,68326,64],{"class":63},[45,68328,84],{"class":59},[45,68330,76],{"class":63},[45,68332,68333],{"class":67},"elephant",[45,68335,64],{"class":63},[45,68337,84],{"class":59},[45,68339,76],{"class":63},[45,68341,58132],{"class":67},[45,68343,64],{"class":63},[45,68345,244],{"class":59},[45,68347,68348,68350,68352,68354,68356,68358],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68349,153],{"class":152},[45,68351,156],{"class":59},[45,68353,11369],{"class":152},[45,68355,156],{"class":59},[45,68357,4338],{"class":135},[45,68359,179],{"class":59},[20,68361,182],{},[36,68363,68364],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68365,68366],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68367,68368],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68369,46618],{"class":96},[20,68371,21156,68372,68375,68376,65099],{},[15,68373,68374],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[355,68377,52660],{},[20,68379,68380,68381,132],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[277,68382,3802,68383,3735],{"href":42357},[15,68384,42360],{},[31,68386,6008],{"id":6007},[20,68388,68389,68390,68392],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68391,42360],{},", and print the result.",[36,68394,68396],{"className":38,"code":68395,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68397,68398,68430,68444,68448],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68399,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426,68428],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68401,13274],{"class":51},[45,68403,56],{"class":55},[45,68405,1427],{"class":59},[45,68407,64],{"class":63},[45,68409,13291],{"class":67},[45,68411,64],{"class":63},[45,68413,84],{"class":59},[45,68415,76],{"class":63},[45,68417,17637],{"class":67},[45,68419,64],{"class":63},[45,68421,84],{"class":59},[45,68423,76],{"class":63},[45,68425,703],{"class":67},[45,68427,64],{"class":63},[45,68429,244],{"class":59},[45,68431,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440,68442],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68433,41240],{"class":51},[45,68435,56],{"class":55},[45,68437,38383],{"class":152},[45,68439,156],{"class":59},[45,68441,17684],{"class":135},[45,68443,161],{"class":59},[45,68445,68446],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,68447,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,68449,68450,68452,68454,68456],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,68451,153],{"class":152},[45,68453,156],{"class":59},[45,68455,41258],{"class":135},[45,68457,161],{"class":59},[20,68459,182],{},[36,68461,68462],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68463,68464],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68465,68466],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68467,46618],{"class":96},[20,68469,816],{},[258,68471,68472,68477,68484],{},[261,68473,68474,68476],{},[15,68475,17684],{}," is a list with 3 items",[261,68478,68479,2627,68482],{},[15,68480,68481],{},"len(colors)",[15,68483,2294],{},[261,68485,68486,68487],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68488,41258],{},[20,68490,68491],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[36,68493,68495],{"className":38,"code":68494,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68496,68497,68529],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68498,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507,68509,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525,68527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68500,13274],{"class":51},[45,68502,56],{"class":55},[45,68504,1427],{"class":59},[45,68506,64],{"class":63},[45,68508,13291],{"class":67},[45,68510,64],{"class":63},[45,68512,84],{"class":59},[45,68514,76],{"class":63},[45,68516,17637],{"class":67},[45,68518,64],{"class":63},[45,68520,84],{"class":59},[45,68522,76],{"class":63},[45,68524,703],{"class":67},[45,68526,64],{"class":63},[45,68528,244],{"class":59},[45,68530,68531,68533,68535,68537,68539,68541],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68532,153],{"class":152},[45,68534,156],{"class":59},[45,68536,11369],{"class":152},[45,68538,156],{"class":59},[45,68540,17684],{"class":135},[45,68542,179],{"class":59},[31,68544,68546],{"id":68545},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68548,68549,68550,132],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68551,1117],{},[36,68553,68555],{"className":38,"code":68554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68556,68557,68565],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68558,68559,68561,68563],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68560,8001],{"class":51},[45,68562,56],{"class":55},[45,68564,8059],{"class":59},[45,68566,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68568,153],{"class":152},[45,68570,156],{"class":59},[45,68572,11369],{"class":152},[45,68574,156],{"class":59},[45,68576,1289],{"class":135},[45,68578,179],{"class":59},[20,68580,182],{},[36,68582,68583],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68584,68585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68586,68587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68588,47253],{"class":96},[20,68590,68591],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[36,68593,68595],{"className":38,"code":68594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68596,68597,68605,68609,68627,68641,68647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68598,68599,68601,68603],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68600,8001],{"class":51},[45,68602,56],{"class":55},[45,68604,8059],{"class":59},[45,68606,68607],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68608,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,68610,68611,68613,68615,68617,68619,68621,68623,68625],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,68612,7219],{"class":921},[45,68614,38383],{"class":152},[45,68616,156],{"class":59},[45,68618,1289],{"class":135},[45,68620,3889],{"class":59},[45,68622,38393],{"class":55},[45,68624,4061],{"class":96},[45,68626,6614],{"class":59},[45,68628,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,68630,942],{"class":152},[45,68632,156],{"class":59},[45,68634,1289],{"class":135},[45,68636,223],{"class":59},[45,68638,1117],{"class":96},[45,68640,218],{"class":59},[45,68642,68643,68645],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,68644,27590],{"class":921},[45,68646,6614],{"class":59},[45,68648,68649,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,68650,942],{"class":152},[45,68652,156],{"class":59},[45,68654,64],{"class":63},[45,68656,51819],{"class":67},[45,68658,64],{"class":63},[45,68660,161],{"class":59},[20,68662,182],{},[36,68664,68666],{"className":38,"code":68665,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The list is empty\n",[15,68667,68668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68669,68670,68672,68674,68676],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68671,2212],{"class":51},[45,68673,172],{"class":171},[45,68675,8315],{"class":55},[45,68677,8321],{"class":51},[20,68679,68680,68681,68683],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[277,68682,52775],{"href":50982}," is a good next step.",[31,68685,68687],{"id":68686},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68689,68690,68692,68693,68696],{},[15,68691,42360],{}," counts only the ",[355,68694,68695],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68698,68699],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[36,68701,68703],{"className":38,"code":68702,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68704,68705,68741],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68706,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68708,1909],{"class":51},[45,68710,56],{"class":55},[45,68712,56298],{"class":59},[45,68714,1430],{"class":96},[45,68716,84],{"class":59},[45,68718,1035],{"class":96},[45,68720,18243],{"class":59},[45,68722,1427],{"class":59},[45,68724,2294],{"class":96},[45,68726,84],{"class":59},[45,68728,2687],{"class":96},[45,68730,18243],{"class":59},[45,68732,1427],{"class":59},[45,68734,2366],{"class":96},[45,68736,84],{"class":59},[45,68738,37640],{"class":96},[45,68740,53246],{"class":59},[45,68742,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68744,153],{"class":152},[45,68746,156],{"class":59},[45,68748,11369],{"class":152},[45,68750,156],{"class":59},[45,68752,1947],{"class":135},[45,68754,179],{"class":59},[20,68756,182],{},[36,68758,68759],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68760,68761],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68762,68763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68764,46618],{"class":96},[20,68766,68767],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68769,52083],{},[36,68771,68773],{"className":38,"code":68772,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68774,68775,68801],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68776,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68778,59478],{"class":51},[45,68780,56],{"class":55},[45,68782,1427],{"class":59},[45,68784,1430],{"class":96},[45,68786,84],{"class":59},[45,68788,1427],{"class":59},[45,68790,1133],{"class":96},[45,68792,84],{"class":59},[45,68794,1063],{"class":96},[45,68796,18243],{"class":59},[45,68798,2687],{"class":96},[45,68800,244],{"class":59},[45,68802,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68804,153],{"class":152},[45,68806,156],{"class":59},[45,68808,11369],{"class":152},[45,68810,156],{"class":59},[45,68812,59531],{"class":135},[45,68814,179],{"class":59},[20,68816,182],{},[36,68818,68819],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68820,68821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68822,68823],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68824,46618],{"class":96},[20,68826,21156,68827,68830],{},[15,68828,68829],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[31,68832,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,68834,1797,68836,1800,68839],{"id":68835},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68837,68838],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68840,68284],{},[20,68842,68843],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68845,1412],{},[36,68847,68849],{"className":38,"code":68848,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68850,68851,68871],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68852,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68854,3846],{"class":51},[45,68856,56],{"class":55},[45,68858,1427],{"class":59},[45,68860,2560],{"class":96},[45,68862,84],{"class":59},[45,68864,97],{"class":96},[45,68866,84],{"class":59},[45,68868,8016],{"class":96},[45,68870,244],{"class":59},[45,68872,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68874,153],{"class":152},[45,68876,156],{"class":59},[45,68878,3876],{"class":135},[45,68880,132],{"class":59},[45,68882,11369],{"class":135},[45,68884,598],{"class":59},[20,68886,16848],{},[36,68888,68890],{"className":38,"code":68889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68891,68892,68912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68893,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908,68910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68895,3846],{"class":51},[45,68897,56],{"class":55},[45,68899,1427],{"class":59},[45,68901,2560],{"class":96},[45,68903,84],{"class":59},[45,68905,97],{"class":96},[45,68907,84],{"class":59},[45,68909,8016],{"class":96},[45,68911,244],{"class":59},[45,68913,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922,68924],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68915,153],{"class":152},[45,68917,156],{"class":59},[45,68919,11369],{"class":152},[45,68921,156],{"class":59},[45,68923,3876],{"class":135},[45,68925,179],{"class":59},[20,68927,68928,68930],{},[15,68929,42360],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1398,68932,25845],{"id":25844},[20,68934,1412],{},[36,68936,68938],{"className":38,"code":68937,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68939,68940,68960],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68941,68942,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68943,3846],{"class":51},[45,68945,56],{"class":55},[45,68947,1427],{"class":59},[45,68949,2560],{"class":96},[45,68951,84],{"class":59},[45,68953,97],{"class":96},[45,68955,84],{"class":59},[45,68957,8016],{"class":96},[45,68959,244],{"class":59},[45,68961,68962,68964,68966,68968],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,68963,153],{"class":152},[45,68965,156],{"class":59},[45,68967,11369],{"class":152},[45,68969,161],{"class":59},[20,68971,68972],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68974,16848],{},[36,68976,68977],{"className":38,"code":68889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,68978,68979,68999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,68980,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,68982,3846],{"class":51},[45,68984,56],{"class":55},[45,68986,1427],{"class":59},[45,68988,2560],{"class":96},[45,68990,84],{"class":59},[45,68992,97],{"class":96},[45,68994,84],{"class":59},[45,68996,8016],{"class":96},[45,68998,244],{"class":59},[45,69000,69001,69003,69005,69007,69009,69011],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69002,153],{"class":152},[45,69004,156],{"class":59},[45,69006,11369],{"class":152},[45,69008,156],{"class":59},[45,69010,3876],{"class":135},[45,69012,179],{"class":59},[1398,69014,69016],{"id":69015},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69018,69019,69020,69022],{},"The length of a list is ",[355,69021,4854],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69024,361],{},[36,69026,69028],{"className":38,"code":69027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69029,69030,69062],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69031,69032,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69033,36085],{"class":51},[45,69035,56],{"class":55},[45,69037,1427],{"class":59},[45,69039,64],{"class":63},[45,69041,277],{"class":67},[45,69043,64],{"class":63},[45,69045,84],{"class":59},[45,69047,76],{"class":63},[45,69049,1930],{"class":67},[45,69051,64],{"class":63},[45,69053,84],{"class":59},[45,69055,76],{"class":63},[45,69057,9951],{"class":67},[45,69059,64],{"class":63},[45,69061,244],{"class":59},[45,69063,69064,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69065,153],{"class":152},[45,69067,156],{"class":59},[45,69069,11369],{"class":152},[45,69071,156],{"class":59},[45,69073,36138],{"class":135},[45,69075,179],{"class":59},[20,69077,182],{},[36,69079,69080],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,69081,69082],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69083,69084],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69085,46618],{"class":96},[20,69087,69088,69089,19142,69091,132],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69090,1133],{},[15,69092,2294],{},[20,69094,69095],{},"Indexes are:",[258,69097,69098,69105,69111],{},[261,69099,69100,69102,69103],{},[15,69101,1117],{}," for ",[15,69104,18277],{},[261,69106,69107,69102,69109],{},[15,69108,1430],{},[15,69110,65602],{},[261,69112,69113,69102,69115],{},[15,69114,1133],{},[15,69116,66488],{},[20,69118,69119],{},"So this causes an error:",[36,69121,69123],{"className":38,"code":69122,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69124,69125,69157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69126,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153,69155],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69128,36085],{"class":51},[45,69130,56],{"class":55},[45,69132,1427],{"class":59},[45,69134,64],{"class":63},[45,69136,277],{"class":67},[45,69138,64],{"class":63},[45,69140,84],{"class":59},[45,69142,76],{"class":63},[45,69144,1930],{"class":67},[45,69146,64],{"class":63},[45,69148,84],{"class":59},[45,69150,76],{"class":63},[45,69152,9951],{"class":67},[45,69154,64],{"class":63},[45,69156,244],{"class":59},[45,69158,69159,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69171,69173],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69160,153],{"class":152},[45,69162,156],{"class":59},[45,69164,36138],{"class":135},[45,69166,223],{"class":59},[45,69168,11369],{"class":152},[45,69170,156],{"class":59},[45,69172,36138],{"class":135},[45,69174,1360],{"class":59},[20,69176,8713,69177,5007,69180,69182,69183,69185],{},[15,69178,69179],{},"len(letters)",[15,69181,2294],{},", and index ",[15,69184,2294],{}," does not exist.",[20,69187,19019],{},[36,69189,69191],{"className":38,"code":69190,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69192,69193,69225],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69194,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69196,36085],{"class":51},[45,69198,56],{"class":55},[45,69200,1427],{"class":59},[45,69202,64],{"class":63},[45,69204,277],{"class":67},[45,69206,64],{"class":63},[45,69208,84],{"class":59},[45,69210,76],{"class":63},[45,69212,1930],{"class":67},[45,69214,64],{"class":63},[45,69216,84],{"class":59},[45,69218,76],{"class":63},[45,69220,9951],{"class":67},[45,69222,64],{"class":63},[45,69224,244],{"class":59},[45,69226,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241,69243,69245,69247],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69228,153],{"class":152},[45,69230,156],{"class":59},[45,69232,36138],{"class":135},[45,69234,223],{"class":59},[45,69236,11369],{"class":152},[45,69238,156],{"class":59},[45,69240,36138],{"class":135},[45,69242,3889],{"class":59},[45,69244,2452],{"class":55},[45,69246,1049],{"class":96},[45,69248,218],{"class":59},[20,69250,182],{},[36,69252,69254],{"className":38,"code":69253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"c\n",[15,69255,69256],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69257,69258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69259,69253],{"class":51},[20,69261,69262,69263,132],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[277,69264,69266],{"href":69265},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1398,69268,1797,69270,69272],{"id":69269},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69271,42360],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69274,69275],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69277,69278],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[36,69280,69282],{"className":38,"code":69281,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69283,69284,69294,69308,69322],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69285,69286,69288,69290,69292],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69287,153],{"class":152},[45,69289,156],{"class":59},[45,69291,1449],{"class":135},[45,69293,161],{"class":59},[45,69295,69296,69298,69300,69302,69304,69306],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69297,153],{"class":152},[45,69299,156],{"class":59},[45,69301,11369],{"class":152},[45,69303,156],{"class":59},[45,69305,1449],{"class":135},[45,69307,179],{"class":59},[45,69309,69310,69312,69314,69316,69318,69320],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69311,153],{"class":152},[45,69313,156],{"class":59},[45,69315,1478],{"class":171},[45,69317,156],{"class":59},[45,69319,1449],{"class":135},[45,69321,179],{"class":59},[45,69323,69324,69326,69328,69330,69332,69334],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,69325,153],{"class":152},[45,69327,156],{"class":59},[45,69329,1449],{"class":135},[45,69331,223],{"class":59},[45,69333,1117],{"class":96},[45,69335,218],{"class":59},[20,69337,69338],{},"These help you verify:",[258,69340,69341,69344,69346,69349],{},[261,69342,69343],{},"what the variable contains",[261,69345,60790],{},[261,69347,69348],{},"whether it is really a list",[261,69350,69351],{},"what the first item is",[20,69353,69354,69355,69358],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69356,69357],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[31,69360,5185,69362,69364],{"id":69361},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69363,42360],{}," with lists",[20,69366,69367,69368,69370],{},"You will often use ",[15,69369,42360],{}," in real programs.",[20,69372,9588],{},[258,69374,69375,69377,69380,69383],{},[261,69376,51773],{},[261,69378,69379],{},"Control loops",[261,69381,69382],{},"Validate input or results",[261,69384,69385],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69387,69388],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[36,69390,69392],{"className":38,"code":69391,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69393,69394,69414,69430,69434,69448,69462],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69395,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69397,2784],{"class":51},[45,69399,56],{"class":55},[45,69401,1427],{"class":59},[45,69403,1430],{"class":96},[45,69405,84],{"class":59},[45,69407,1035],{"class":96},[45,69409,84],{"class":59},[45,69411,1063],{"class":96},[45,69413,244],{"class":59},[45,69415,69416,69418,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69417,2812],{"class":51},[45,69419,56],{"class":55},[45,69421,1427],{"class":59},[45,69423,2560],{"class":96},[45,69425,84],{"class":59},[45,69427,97],{"class":96},[45,69429,244],{"class":59},[45,69431,69432],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69433,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,69435,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444,69446],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,69437,153],{"class":152},[45,69439,156],{"class":59},[45,69441,11369],{"class":152},[45,69443,156],{"class":59},[45,69445,277],{"class":135},[45,69447,179],{"class":59},[45,69449,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458,69460],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,69451,153],{"class":152},[45,69453,156],{"class":59},[45,69455,11369],{"class":152},[45,69457,156],{"class":59},[45,69459,1930],{"class":135},[45,69461,179],{"class":59},[45,69463,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,69465,153],{"class":152},[45,69467,156],{"class":59},[45,69469,11369],{"class":152},[45,69471,156],{"class":59},[45,69473,277],{"class":135},[45,69475,3889],{"class":59},[45,69477,38393],{"class":55},[45,69479,38383],{"class":152},[45,69481,156],{"class":59},[45,69483,1930],{"class":135},[45,69485,179],{"class":59},[20,69487,182],{},[36,69489,69491],{"className":38,"code":69490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69492,69493,69497,69501],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69494,69495],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69496,46618],{"class":96},[45,69498,69499],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69500,1148],{"class":96},[45,69502,69503],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69504,4205],{"class":4080},[20,69506,69507],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[36,69509,69511],{"className":38,"code":69510,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69512,69513,69545,69549,69571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69514,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541,69543],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69516,5219],{"class":51},[45,69518,56],{"class":55},[45,69520,1427],{"class":59},[45,69522,64],{"class":63},[45,69524,79],{"class":67},[45,69526,64],{"class":63},[45,69528,84],{"class":59},[45,69530,76],{"class":63},[45,69532,35935],{"class":67},[45,69534,64],{"class":63},[45,69536,84],{"class":59},[45,69538,76],{"class":63},[45,69540,35944],{"class":67},[45,69542,64],{"class":63},[45,69544,244],{"class":59},[45,69546,69547],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69548,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,69550,69551,69553,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69552,855],{"class":921},[45,69554,69555],{"class":51}," i ",[45,69557,927],{"class":921},[45,69559,54074],{"class":152},[45,69561,156],{"class":59},[45,69563,11369],{"class":152},[45,69565,156],{"class":59},[45,69567,5263],{"class":135},[45,69569,69570],{"class":59},")):\n",[45,69572,69573,69575,69577,69579,69581,69584,69586,69588],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,69574,942],{"class":152},[45,69576,156],{"class":59},[45,69578,36149],{"class":135},[45,69580,84],{"class":59},[45,69582,69583],{"class":135}," names",[45,69585,223],{"class":59},[45,69587,36149],{"class":135},[45,69589,218],{"class":59},[20,69591,182],{},[36,69593,69594],{"className":38,"code":35993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,69595,69596,69602,69608],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69597,69598,69600],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69599,1117],{"class":96},[45,69601,36002],{"class":51},[45,69603,69604,69606],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69605,1430],{"class":96},[45,69607,36009],{"class":51},[45,69609,69610,69612],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69611,1133],{"class":96},[45,69613,36016],{"class":51},[20,69615,69616,69617,132],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[277,69618,69620],{"href":69619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69622,69623,69624,69626],{},"You can also read ",[277,69625,51550],{"href":51549}," for a task-focused guide.",[31,69628,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,69630,69632],{"id":69631},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69634,1006,69635,69638],{},[15,69636,69637],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1398,69640,2049,69642,12917],{"id":69641},"what-does-len-return",[15,69643,69644],{},"len([])",[20,69646,1610,69647,69649],{},[15,69648,1117],{}," because the list is empty.",[1398,69651,69653],{"id":69652},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69655,69656],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1398,69658,28485,69660,69662],{"id":69659},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69661,68838],{}," in Python?",[20,69664,30426,69665,8441,69667,69669],{},[15,69666,68284],{},[15,69668,42360],{}," is a built-in function.",[31,69671,2114],{"id":2113},[258,69673,69674,69680,69684,69688,69692],{},[261,69675,69676],{},[277,69677,3802,69678,3735],{"href":42357},[15,69679,42360],{},[261,69681,69682],{},[277,69683,52594],{"href":51549},[261,69685,69686],{},[277,69687,52775],{"href":50982},[261,69689,69690],{},[277,69691,69266],{"href":69265},[261,69693,69694],{},[277,69695,69696],{"href":69619},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2154,69698,69699],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":69701},[69702,69703,69705,69706,69707,69708,69716,69718,69726],{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":68276,"depth":121,"text":69704},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":68545,"depth":121,"text":68546},{"id":68686,"depth":121,"text":68687},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":69709},[69710,69712,69713,69714],{"id":68835,"depth":142,"text":69711},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25844,"depth":142,"text":25845},{"id":69015,"depth":142,"text":69016},{"id":69269,"depth":142,"text":69715},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69361,"depth":121,"text":69717},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":69719},[69720,69721,69723,69724],{"id":69631,"depth":142,"text":69632},{"id":69641,"depth":142,"text":69722},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69652,"depth":142,"text":69653},{"id":69659,"depth":142,"text":69725},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68171,"description":69727},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69733,"title":69734,"body":69735,"description":71717,"extension":2195,"meta":71718,"navigation":145,"path":71719,"seo":71720,"stem":71721,"__hash__":71722},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69736,"toc":71690},[69737,69740,69745,69748,69756,69769,69771,69836,69838,69860,69865,69869,69874,69882,69884,69894,69896,69977,69979,70009,70011,70030,70035,70052,70054,70138,70140,70170,70175,70179,70185,70269,70271,70301,70304,70308,70311,70402,70404,70442,70445,70530,70532,70562,70568,70575,70579,70584,70593,70595,70680,70682,70711,70714,70722,70726,70730,70739,70762,70764,70786,70788,70802,70804,70864,70868,70873,70912,70914,70931,70933,70943,71042,71047,71051,71056,71099,71101,71129,71131,71145,71220,71222,71244,71248,71251,71256,71267,71272,71280,71283,71354,71356,71381,71438,71440,71461,71470,71478,71483,71485,71490,71511,71514,71589,71592,71606,71613,71615,71619,71625,71629,71639,71643,71650,71654,71660,71662,71687],[10,69738,69734],{"id":69739},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69741,69742,69744],{},[15,69743,55086],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69746,69747],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[258,69749,69750,69753],{},[261,69751,69752],{},"delete an item from a list",[261,69754,69755],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69757,69758,69759,69761,69762,8922,69764,69768],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69760,12964],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69763,12964],{},[277,69765,69766],{"href":55076},[15,69767,55533],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[31,69770,34],{"id":33},[36,69772,69774],{"className":38,"code":69773,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69775,69776,69796,69811,69815,69826],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69777,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792,69794],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69779,3846],{"class":51},[45,69781,56],{"class":55},[45,69783,1427],{"class":59},[45,69785,2560],{"class":96},[45,69787,84],{"class":59},[45,69789,97],{"class":96},[45,69791,84],{"class":59},[45,69793,8016],{"class":96},[45,69795,244],{"class":59},[45,69797,69798,69801,69803,69805,69807,69809],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69799,69800],{"class":51},"last_item ",[45,69802,56],{"class":55},[45,69804,4488],{"class":51},[45,69806,132],{"class":59},[45,69808,26397],{"class":135},[45,69810,139],{"class":59},[45,69812,69813],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69814,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,69816,69817,69819,69821,69824],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,69818,153],{"class":152},[45,69820,156],{"class":59},[45,69822,69823],{"class":135},"last_item",[45,69825,161],{"class":59},[45,69827,69828,69830,69832,69834],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,69829,153],{"class":152},[45,69831,156],{"class":59},[45,69833,3876],{"class":135},[45,69835,161],{"class":59},[20,69837,182],{},[36,69839,69841],{"className":38,"code":69840,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69842,69843,69848],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69844,69845],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69846,69847],{"class":96},"30\n",[45,69849,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69851,223],{"class":59},[45,69853,2560],{"class":96},[45,69855,84],{"class":59},[45,69857,97],{"class":96},[45,69859,244],{"class":59},[20,69861,1006,69862,69864],{},[15,69863,12964],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[31,69866,69868],{"id":69867},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69870,69871,69873],{},[15,69872,12964],{}," has two main jobs:",[258,69875,69876,69879],{},[261,69877,69878],{},"It removes one item from a list",[261,69880,69881],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69883,43650],{},[258,69885,69886,69889,69892],{},[261,69887,69888],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[261,69890,69891],{},"It changes the original list",[261,69893,52749],{},[20,69895,361],{},[36,69897,69899],{"className":38,"code":69898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69900,69901,69933,69937,69952,69956,69967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69902,69903,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69904,13274],{"class":51},[45,69906,56],{"class":55},[45,69908,1427],{"class":59},[45,69910,64],{"class":63},[45,69912,13291],{"class":67},[45,69914,64],{"class":63},[45,69916,84],{"class":59},[45,69918,76],{"class":63},[45,69920,17637],{"class":67},[45,69922,64],{"class":63},[45,69924,84],{"class":59},[45,69926,76],{"class":63},[45,69928,703],{"class":67},[45,69930,64],{"class":63},[45,69932,244],{"class":59},[45,69934,69935],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69936,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,69938,69939,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,69940,69941],{"class":51},"removed ",[45,69943,56],{"class":55},[45,69945,13321],{"class":51},[45,69947,132],{"class":59},[45,69949,26397],{"class":135},[45,69951,139],{"class":59},[45,69953,69954],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,69955,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,69957,69958,69960,69962,69965],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,69959,153],{"class":152},[45,69961,156],{"class":59},[45,69963,69964],{"class":135},"removed",[45,69966,161],{"class":59},[45,69968,69969,69971,69973,69975],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,69970,153],{"class":152},[45,69972,156],{"class":59},[45,69974,17684],{"class":135},[45,69976,161],{"class":59},[20,69978,182],{},[36,69980,69982],{"className":38,"code":69981,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69983,69984,69989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,69985,69986],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,69987,69988],{"class":51},"blue\n",[45,69990,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,69992,223],{"class":59},[45,69994,198],{"class":63},[45,69996,13291],{"class":67},[45,69998,198],{"class":63},[45,70000,84],{"class":59},[45,70002,211],{"class":63},[45,70004,17637],{"class":67},[45,70006,198],{"class":63},[45,70008,244],{"class":59},[31,70010,284],{"id":283},[36,70012,70014],{"className":38,"code":70013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70015,70016],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70017,70018,70020,70022,70024,70026,70028],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70019,172],{"class":171},[45,70021,132],{"class":59},[45,70023,26397],{"class":135},[45,70025,195],{"class":59},[45,70027,35840],{"class":135},[45,70029,218],{"class":59},[20,70031,2212,70032,70034],{},[15,70033,35840],{}," is optional.",[258,70036,70037,70043,70049],{},[261,70038,70039,70040,70042],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70041,12964],{}," removes the last item",[261,70044,70045,70046,70048],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70047,12964],{}," removes the item at that position",[261,70050,70051],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70053,361],{},[36,70055,70057],{"className":38,"code":70056,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70058,70059,70091,70095,70114,70118,70128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70060,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70062,36085],{"class":51},[45,70064,56],{"class":55},[45,70066,1427],{"class":59},[45,70068,64],{"class":63},[45,70070,277],{"class":67},[45,70072,64],{"class":63},[45,70074,84],{"class":59},[45,70076,76],{"class":63},[45,70078,1930],{"class":67},[45,70080,64],{"class":63},[45,70082,84],{"class":59},[45,70084,76],{"class":63},[45,70086,9951],{"class":67},[45,70088,64],{"class":63},[45,70090,244],{"class":59},[45,70092,70093],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70094,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70096,70097,70099,70101,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70098,28695],{"class":51},[45,70100,56],{"class":55},[45,70102,70103],{"class":51}," letters",[45,70105,132],{"class":59},[45,70107,26397],{"class":135},[45,70109,156],{"class":59},[45,70111,1430],{"class":96},[45,70113,161],{"class":59},[45,70115,70116],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70117,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70119,70120,70122,70124,70126],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,70121,153],{"class":152},[45,70123,156],{"class":59},[45,70125,23483],{"class":135},[45,70127,161],{"class":59},[45,70129,70130,70132,70134,70136],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,70131,153],{"class":152},[45,70133,156],{"class":59},[45,70135,36138],{"class":135},[45,70137,161],{"class":59},[20,70139,182],{},[36,70141,70143],{"className":38,"code":70142,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70144,70145,70150],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70146,70147],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70148,70149],{"class":51},"b\n",[45,70151,70152,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166,70168],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70153,223],{"class":59},[45,70155,198],{"class":63},[45,70157,277],{"class":67},[45,70159,198],{"class":63},[45,70161,84],{"class":59},[45,70163,211],{"class":63},[45,70165,9951],{"class":67},[45,70167,198],{"class":63},[45,70169,244],{"class":59},[20,70171,70172,70173,132],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[277,70174,52775],{"href":50982},[31,70176,70178],{"id":70177},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70180,70181,70182,70184],{},"When you call ",[15,70183,12964],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[36,70186,70188],{"className":38,"code":70187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70189,70190,70225,70229,70244,70248,70259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70191,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70203,70205,70207,70209,70212,70214,70216,70218,70221,70223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70193,30053],{"class":51},[45,70195,56],{"class":55},[45,70197,1427],{"class":59},[45,70199,64],{"class":63},[45,70201,70202],{"class":67},"write",[45,70204,64],{"class":63},[45,70206,84],{"class":59},[45,70208,76],{"class":63},[45,70210,70211],{"class":67},"test",[45,70213,64],{"class":63},[45,70215,84],{"class":59},[45,70217,76],{"class":63},[45,70219,70220],{"class":67},"submit",[45,70222,64],{"class":63},[45,70224,244],{"class":59},[45,70226,70227],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70228,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70230,70231,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70232,70233],{"class":51},"last_task ",[45,70235,56],{"class":55},[45,70237,30131],{"class":51},[45,70239,132],{"class":59},[45,70241,26397],{"class":135},[45,70243,139],{"class":59},[45,70245,70246],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70247,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70249,70250,70252,70254,70257],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,70251,153],{"class":152},[45,70253,156],{"class":59},[45,70255,70256],{"class":135},"last_task",[45,70258,161],{"class":59},[45,70260,70261,70263,70265,70267],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,70262,153],{"class":152},[45,70264,156],{"class":59},[45,70266,36501],{"class":135},[45,70268,161],{"class":59},[20,70270,182],{},[36,70272,70274],{"className":38,"code":70273,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70275,70276,70281],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70277,70278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70279,70280],{"class":51},"submit\n",[45,70282,70283,70285,70287,70289,70291,70293,70295,70297,70299],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70284,223],{"class":59},[45,70286,198],{"class":63},[45,70288,70202],{"class":67},[45,70290,198],{"class":63},[45,70292,84],{"class":59},[45,70294,211],{"class":63},[45,70296,70211],{"class":67},[45,70298,198],{"class":63},[45,70300,244],{"class":59},[20,70302,70303],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[31,70305,70307],{"id":70306},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70309,70310],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[36,70312,70314],{"className":38,"code":70313,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70315,70316,70356,70360,70378,70382,70392],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70317,70318,70320,70322,70324,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70319,36234],{"class":51},[45,70321,56],{"class":55},[45,70323,1427],{"class":59},[45,70325,64],{"class":63},[45,70327,1028],{"class":67},[45,70329,64],{"class":63},[45,70331,84],{"class":59},[45,70333,76],{"class":63},[45,70335,1042],{"class":67},[45,70337,64],{"class":63},[45,70339,84],{"class":59},[45,70341,76],{"class":63},[45,70343,4321],{"class":67},[45,70345,64],{"class":63},[45,70347,84],{"class":59},[45,70349,76],{"class":63},[45,70351,1056],{"class":67},[45,70353,64],{"class":63},[45,70355,244],{"class":59},[45,70357,70358],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70359,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70361,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70363,69941],{"class":51},[45,70365,56],{"class":55},[45,70367,52855],{"class":51},[45,70369,132],{"class":59},[45,70371,26397],{"class":135},[45,70373,156],{"class":59},[45,70375,1430],{"class":96},[45,70377,161],{"class":59},[45,70379,70380],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70381,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70383,70384,70386,70388,70390],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,70385,153],{"class":152},[45,70387,156],{"class":59},[45,70389,69964],{"class":135},[45,70391,161],{"class":59},[45,70393,70394,70396,70398,70400],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,70395,153],{"class":152},[45,70397,156],{"class":59},[45,70399,36286],{"class":135},[45,70401,161],{"class":59},[20,70403,182],{},[36,70405,70407],{"className":38,"code":70406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70408,70409,70414],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70410,70411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70412,70413],{"class":51},"banana\n",[45,70415,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70417,223],{"class":59},[45,70419,198],{"class":63},[45,70421,1028],{"class":67},[45,70423,198],{"class":63},[45,70425,84],{"class":59},[45,70427,211],{"class":63},[45,70429,4321],{"class":67},[45,70431,198],{"class":63},[45,70433,84],{"class":59},[45,70435,211],{"class":63},[45,70437,1056],{"class":67},[45,70439,198],{"class":63},[45,70441,244],{"class":59},[20,70443,70444],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[36,70446,70448],{"className":38,"code":70447,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70449,70450,70482,70486,70506,70510,70520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70451,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70453,36234],{"class":51},[45,70455,56],{"class":55},[45,70457,1427],{"class":59},[45,70459,64],{"class":63},[45,70461,1028],{"class":67},[45,70463,64],{"class":63},[45,70465,84],{"class":59},[45,70467,76],{"class":63},[45,70469,1042],{"class":67},[45,70471,64],{"class":63},[45,70473,84],{"class":59},[45,70475,76],{"class":63},[45,70477,4321],{"class":67},[45,70479,64],{"class":63},[45,70481,244],{"class":59},[45,70483,70484],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70485,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70487,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70489,69941],{"class":51},[45,70491,56],{"class":55},[45,70493,52855],{"class":51},[45,70495,132],{"class":59},[45,70497,26397],{"class":135},[45,70499,156],{"class":59},[45,70501,2254],{"class":55},[45,70503,1430],{"class":96},[45,70505,161],{"class":59},[45,70507,70508],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70509,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70511,70512,70514,70516,70518],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,70513,153],{"class":152},[45,70515,156],{"class":59},[45,70517,69964],{"class":135},[45,70519,161],{"class":59},[45,70521,70522,70524,70526,70528],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,70523,153],{"class":152},[45,70525,156],{"class":59},[45,70527,36286],{"class":135},[45,70529,161],{"class":59},[20,70531,182],{},[36,70533,70535],{"className":38,"code":70534,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70536,70537,70542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70538,70539],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70540,70541],{"class":51},"cherry\n",[45,70543,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70545,223],{"class":59},[45,70547,198],{"class":63},[45,70549,1028],{"class":67},[45,70551,198],{"class":63},[45,70553,84],{"class":59},[45,70555,211],{"class":63},[45,70557,1042],{"class":67},[45,70559,198],{"class":63},[45,70561,244],{"class":59},[20,70563,70564,70565,70567],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70566,65861],{}," means the last item.",[20,70569,70570,70571,132],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[277,70572,70573,994],{"href":58970},[15,70574,64872],{},[31,70576,70578],{"id":70577},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70580,70581,70583],{},[15,70582,12964],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70585,70586,70587,329,70589,132],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70588,12964],{},[277,70590,70591],{"href":55076},[15,70592,55533],{},[20,70594,361],{},[36,70596,70598],{"className":38,"code":70597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70599,70600,70632,70636,70655,70659,70670],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70601,70602,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70603,5219],{"class":51},[45,70605,56],{"class":55},[45,70607,1427],{"class":59},[45,70609,64],{"class":63},[45,70611,79],{"class":67},[45,70613,64],{"class":63},[45,70615,84],{"class":59},[45,70617,76],{"class":63},[45,70619,35935],{"class":67},[45,70621,64],{"class":63},[45,70623,84],{"class":59},[45,70625,76],{"class":63},[45,70627,35944],{"class":67},[45,70629,64],{"class":63},[45,70631,244],{"class":59},[45,70633,70634],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70635,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70637,70638,70641,70643,70645,70647,70649,70651,70653],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70639,70640],{"class":51},"removed_name ",[45,70642,56],{"class":55},[45,70644,69583],{"class":51},[45,70646,132],{"class":59},[45,70648,26397],{"class":135},[45,70650,156],{"class":59},[45,70652,1117],{"class":96},[45,70654,161],{"class":59},[45,70656,70657],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70658,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70660,70661,70663,70665,70668],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,70662,153],{"class":152},[45,70664,156],{"class":59},[45,70666,70667],{"class":135},"removed_name",[45,70669,161],{"class":59},[45,70671,70672,70674,70676,70678],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,70673,153],{"class":152},[45,70675,156],{"class":59},[45,70677,5263],{"class":135},[45,70679,161],{"class":59},[20,70681,182],{},[36,70683,70685],{"className":38,"code":70684,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70686,70687,70691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70688,70689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70690,50042],{"class":51},[45,70692,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70694,223],{"class":59},[45,70696,198],{"class":63},[45,70698,35935],{"class":67},[45,70700,198],{"class":63},[45,70702,84],{"class":59},[45,70704,211],{"class":63},[45,70706,35944],{"class":67},[45,70708,198],{"class":63},[45,70710,244],{"class":59},[20,70712,70713],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70715,70716,70717,70719,70720,132],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70718,55533],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70721,4006],{},[31,70723,70725],{"id":70724},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1398,70727,70729],{"id":70728},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70731,70732,70733,70735,70736,132],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70734,12964],{}," raises an ",[15,70737,70738],{},"IndexError",[36,70740,70742],{"className":38,"code":70741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70743,70744,70752],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70745,70746,70748,70750],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70747,8001],{"class":51},[45,70749,56],{"class":55},[45,70751,8059],{"class":59},[45,70753,70754,70756,70758,70760],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70755,1289],{"class":51},[45,70757,132],{"class":59},[45,70759,26397],{"class":135},[45,70761,139],{"class":59},[20,70763,182],{},[36,70765,70767],{"className":38,"code":70766,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70768,70769],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70770,70771,70773,70775,70778,70781,70784],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70772,70738],{"class":171},[45,70774,73],{"class":59},[45,70776,70777],{"class":51}," pop ",[45,70779,70780],{"class":921},"from",[45,70782,70783],{"class":51}," empty ",[45,70785,49888],{"class":171},[20,70787,39259],{},[258,70789,70790,70795],{},[261,70791,70792,70793],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70794,12964],{},[261,70796,70797,70798,329,70800],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70799,29959],{},[15,70801,29990],{},[20,70803,361],{},[36,70805,70807],{"className":38,"code":70806,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70808,70809,70817,70821,70829,70843,70849],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70810,70811,70813,70815],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70812,8001],{"class":51},[45,70814,56],{"class":55},[45,70816,8059],{"class":59},[45,70818,70819],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70820,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70822,70823,70825,70827],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70824,7219],{"class":921},[45,70826,6186],{"class":51},[45,70828,6614],{"class":59},[45,70830,70831,70833,70835,70837,70839,70841],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70832,942],{"class":152},[45,70834,156],{"class":59},[45,70836,1289],{"class":135},[45,70838,132],{"class":59},[45,70840,26397],{"class":135},[45,70842,598],{"class":59},[45,70844,70845,70847],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,70846,27590],{"class":921},[45,70848,6614],{"class":59},[45,70850,70851,70853,70855,70857,70860,70862],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,70852,942],{"class":152},[45,70854,156],{"class":59},[45,70856,64],{"class":63},[45,70858,70859],{"class":67},"The list is empty.",[45,70861,64],{"class":63},[45,70863,161],{"class":59},[1398,70865,70867],{"id":70866},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70869,70870,70871,132],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70872,70738],{},[36,70874,70876],{"className":38,"code":70875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70877,70878,70898],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70879,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894,70896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70881,3846],{"class":51},[45,70883,56],{"class":55},[45,70885,1427],{"class":59},[45,70887,2560],{"class":96},[45,70889,84],{"class":59},[45,70891,97],{"class":96},[45,70893,84],{"class":59},[45,70895,8016],{"class":96},[45,70897,244],{"class":59},[45,70899,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70901,3876],{"class":51},[45,70903,132],{"class":59},[45,70905,26397],{"class":135},[45,70907,156],{"class":59},[45,70909,2366],{"class":96},[45,70911,161],{"class":59},[20,70913,182],{},[36,70915,70917],{"className":38,"code":70916,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70918,70919],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70920,70921,70923,70925,70928],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70922,70738],{"class":171},[45,70924,73],{"class":59},[45,70926,70927],{"class":51}," pop index out of ",[45,70929,70930],{"class":152},"range\n",[20,70932,39259],{},[258,70934,70935,70940],{},[261,70936,70937,70938],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70939,42360],{},[261,70941,70942],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[36,70944,70946],{"className":38,"code":70945,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70947,70948,70968,70977,70981,71003,71021,71027],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,70949,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962,70964,70966],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,70951,3846],{"class":51},[45,70953,56],{"class":55},[45,70955,1427],{"class":59},[45,70957,2560],{"class":96},[45,70959,84],{"class":59},[45,70961,97],{"class":96},[45,70963,84],{"class":59},[45,70965,8016],{"class":96},[45,70967,244],{"class":59},[45,70969,70970,70973,70975],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,70971,70972],{"class":51},"index ",[45,70974,56],{"class":55},[45,70976,45590],{"class":96},[45,70978,70979],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,70980,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,70982,70983,70985,70987,70990,70993,70995,70997,70999,71001],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,70984,7219],{"class":921},[45,70986,4061],{"class":96},[45,70988,70989],{"class":55}," \u003C=",[45,70991,70992],{"class":51}," index ",[45,70994,1594],{"class":55},[45,70996,38383],{"class":152},[45,70998,156],{"class":59},[45,71000,3876],{"class":135},[45,71002,8559],{"class":59},[45,71004,71005,71007,71009,71011,71013,71015,71017,71019],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,71006,942],{"class":152},[45,71008,156],{"class":59},[45,71010,3876],{"class":135},[45,71012,132],{"class":59},[45,71014,26397],{"class":135},[45,71016,156],{"class":59},[45,71018,35840],{"class":135},[45,71020,179],{"class":59},[45,71022,71023,71025],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,71024,27590],{"class":921},[45,71026,6614],{"class":59},[45,71028,71029,71031,71033,71035,71038,71040],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,71030,942],{"class":152},[45,71032,156],{"class":59},[45,71034,64],{"class":63},[45,71036,71037],{"class":67},"Index is out of range.",[45,71039,64],{"class":63},[45,71041,161],{"class":59},[20,71043,71044,71045,132],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[277,71046,69266],{"href":69265},[1398,71048,71050],{"id":71049},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71052,71053,71055],{},[15,71054,12964],{}," expects an integer index.",[36,71057,71059],{"className":38,"code":71058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71060,71061,71081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71062,71063,71065,71067,71069,71071,71073,71075,71077,71079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71064,3846],{"class":51},[45,71066,56],{"class":55},[45,71068,1427],{"class":59},[45,71070,2560],{"class":96},[45,71072,84],{"class":59},[45,71074,97],{"class":96},[45,71076,84],{"class":59},[45,71078,8016],{"class":96},[45,71080,244],{"class":59},[45,71082,71083,71085,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71084,3876],{"class":51},[45,71086,132],{"class":59},[45,71088,26397],{"class":135},[45,71090,156],{"class":59},[45,71092,64],{"class":63},[45,71094,1430],{"class":67},[45,71096,64],{"class":63},[45,71098,161],{"class":59},[20,71100,182],{},[36,71102,71104],{"className":38,"code":71103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71105,71106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71107,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118,71120,71123,71126],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71109,3235],{"class":171},[45,71111,73],{"class":59},[45,71113,211],{"class":63},[45,71115,3669],{"class":67},[45,71117,198],{"class":63},[45,71119,839],{"class":171},[45,71121,71122],{"class":51}," cannot be interpreted ",[45,71124,71125],{"class":921},"as",[45,71127,71128],{"class":51}," an integer\n",[20,71130,39259],{},[258,71132,71133,71142],{},[261,71134,71135,71136,2419,71138,2423,71140],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71137,1117],{},[15,71139,1430],{},[15,71141,65861],{},[261,71143,71144],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[36,71146,71148],{"className":38,"code":71147,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71149,71150,71170,71188,71192,71210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71151,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71153,3846],{"class":51},[45,71155,56],{"class":55},[45,71157,1427],{"class":59},[45,71159,2560],{"class":96},[45,71161,84],{"class":59},[45,71163,97],{"class":96},[45,71165,84],{"class":59},[45,71167,8016],{"class":96},[45,71169,244],{"class":59},[45,71171,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71173,70972],{"class":51},[45,71175,56],{"class":55},[45,71177,45277],{"class":171},[45,71179,156],{"class":59},[45,71181,64],{"class":63},[45,71183,1430],{"class":67},[45,71185,64],{"class":63},[45,71187,161],{"class":59},[45,71189,71190],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,71191,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,71193,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,71195,153],{"class":152},[45,71197,156],{"class":59},[45,71199,3876],{"class":135},[45,71201,132],{"class":59},[45,71203,26397],{"class":135},[45,71205,156],{"class":59},[45,71207,35840],{"class":135},[45,71209,179],{"class":59},[45,71211,71212,71214,71216,71218],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,71213,153],{"class":152},[45,71215,156],{"class":59},[45,71217,3876],{"class":135},[45,71219,161],{"class":59},[20,71221,182],{},[36,71223,71225],{"className":38,"code":71224,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71226,71227,71232],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71228,71229],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71230,71231],{"class":96},"20\n",[45,71233,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71235,223],{"class":59},[45,71237,2560],{"class":96},[45,71239,84],{"class":59},[45,71241,8016],{"class":96},[45,71243,244],{"class":59},[31,71245,71247],{"id":71246},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71249,71250],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1398,71252,1006,71254,10811],{"id":71253},"use-pop-when",[15,71255,12964],{},[258,71257,71258,71261,71264],{},[261,71259,71260],{},"you want to remove by index",[261,71262,71263],{},"you want the removed item returned",[261,71265,71266],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1398,71268,1006,71270,10811],{"id":71269},"use-remove-when",[15,71271,55533],{},[258,71273,71274,71277],{},[261,71275,71276],{},"you want to remove by value",[261,71278,71279],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71281,71282],{},"Compare these examples:",[36,71284,71286],{"className":38,"code":71285,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71287,71288,71312,71316,71334,71344],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71289,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71291,3846],{"class":51},[45,71293,56],{"class":55},[45,71295,1427],{"class":59},[45,71297,2560],{"class":96},[45,71299,84],{"class":59},[45,71301,97],{"class":96},[45,71303,84],{"class":59},[45,71305,8016],{"class":96},[45,71307,84],{"class":59},[45,71309,97],{"class":96},[45,71311,244],{"class":59},[45,71313,71314],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71315,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,71319,69941],{"class":51},[45,71321,56],{"class":55},[45,71323,4488],{"class":51},[45,71325,132],{"class":59},[45,71327,26397],{"class":135},[45,71329,156],{"class":59},[45,71331,1430],{"class":96},[45,71333,161],{"class":59},[45,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,71337,153],{"class":152},[45,71339,156],{"class":59},[45,71341,69964],{"class":135},[45,71343,161],{"class":59},[45,71345,71346,71348,71350,71352],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,71347,153],{"class":152},[45,71349,156],{"class":59},[45,71351,3876],{"class":135},[45,71353,161],{"class":59},[20,71355,182],{},[36,71357,71359],{"className":38,"code":71358,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71360,71361,71365],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71362,71363],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71364,71231],{"class":96},[45,71366,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71368,223],{"class":59},[45,71370,2560],{"class":96},[45,71372,84],{"class":59},[45,71374,8016],{"class":96},[45,71376,84],{"class":59},[45,71378,97],{"class":96},[45,71380,244],{"class":59},[36,71382,71384],{"className":38,"code":71383,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71385,71386,71410,71414,71428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71387,71388,71390,71392,71394,71396,71398,71400,71402,71404,71406,71408],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71389,3846],{"class":51},[45,71391,56],{"class":55},[45,71393,1427],{"class":59},[45,71395,2560],{"class":96},[45,71397,84],{"class":59},[45,71399,97],{"class":96},[45,71401,84],{"class":59},[45,71403,8016],{"class":96},[45,71405,84],{"class":59},[45,71407,97],{"class":96},[45,71409,244],{"class":59},[45,71411,71412],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71413,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,71415,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,71417,3876],{"class":51},[45,71419,132],{"class":59},[45,71421,34787],{"class":135},[45,71423,156],{"class":59},[45,71425,15948],{"class":96},[45,71427,161],{"class":59},[45,71429,71430,71432,71434,71436],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,71431,153],{"class":152},[45,71433,156],{"class":59},[45,71435,3876],{"class":135},[45,71437,161],{"class":59},[20,71439,182],{},[36,71441,71443],{"className":38,"code":71442,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71444,71445],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71446,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71448,223],{"class":59},[45,71450,2560],{"class":96},[45,71452,84],{"class":59},[45,71454,8016],{"class":96},[45,71456,84],{"class":59},[45,71458,97],{"class":96},[45,71460,244],{"class":59},[20,71462,71463,71464,71467,71468,132],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71465,71466],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71469,1430],{},[20,71471,56609,71472,71475,71476,132],{},[15,71473,71474],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71477,15948],{},[20,71479,71480,71481,132],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[277,71482,55072],{"href":55071},[31,71484,3061],{"id":3060},[20,71486,71487,71488,73],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71489,12964],{},[258,71491,71492,71495,71498,71504,71508],{},[261,71493,71494],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[261,71496,71497],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[261,71499,37200,71500,8922,71502],{},[15,71501,12964],{},[15,71503,55533],{},[261,71505,8670,71506,61978],{},[15,71507,12964],{},[261,71509,71510],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71512,71513],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[36,71515,71517],{"className":38,"code":71516,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71518,71519,71529,71543,71557,71575],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71520,71521,71523,71525,71527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71522,153],{"class":152},[45,71524,156],{"class":59},[45,71526,1449],{"class":135},[45,71528,161],{"class":59},[45,71530,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539,71541],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71532,153],{"class":152},[45,71534,156],{"class":59},[45,71536,11369],{"class":152},[45,71538,156],{"class":59},[45,71540,1449],{"class":135},[45,71542,179],{"class":59},[45,71544,71545,71547,71549,71551,71553,71555],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,71546,153],{"class":152},[45,71548,156],{"class":59},[45,71550,1449],{"class":135},[45,71552,132],{"class":59},[45,71554,26397],{"class":135},[45,71556,598],{"class":59},[45,71558,71559,71561,71563,71565,71567,71569,71571,71573],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,71560,153],{"class":152},[45,71562,156],{"class":59},[45,71564,1449],{"class":135},[45,71566,132],{"class":59},[45,71568,26397],{"class":135},[45,71570,156],{"class":59},[45,71572,1117],{"class":96},[45,71574,179],{"class":59},[45,71576,71577,71579,71581,71583,71585,71587],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,71578,153],{"class":152},[45,71580,156],{"class":59},[45,71582,1478],{"class":171},[45,71584,156],{"class":59},[45,71586,35840],{"class":135},[45,71588,179],{"class":59},[20,71590,71591],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[258,71593,71594,71600],{},[261,71595,71596,71599],{},[15,71597,71598],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[261,71601,71602,71605],{},[15,71603,71604],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71607,71608,71609,71612],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71610,71611],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[31,71614,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,71616,71618],{"id":71617},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71620,71621,71622,71624],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71623,12964],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1398,71626,71628],{"id":71627},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71630,71631,71633,71634,71636,71637,132],{},[15,71632,12964],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71635,55533],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71638,4006],{},[1398,71640,71642],{"id":71641},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71644,71645,71646,71649],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71647,71648],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1398,71651,71653],{"id":71652},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71655,71656,71657,71659],{},"Python raises ",[15,71658,70738],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[31,71661,2114],{"id":2113},[258,71663,71664,71668,71673,71678,71683],{},[261,71665,71666],{},[277,71667,55519],{"href":55071},[261,71669,71670],{},[277,71671,71672],{"href":55076},"Python list remove() method",[261,71674,71675],{},[277,71676,71677],{"href":58970},"Python list index() method",[261,71679,71680],{},[277,71681,71682],{"href":50982},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[261,71684,71685],{},[277,71686,69266],{"href":69265},[2154,71688,71689],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":71691},[71692,71693,71694,71695,71696,71697,71698,71703,71709,71710,71716],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":69867,"depth":121,"text":69868},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":70177,"depth":121,"text":70178},{"id":70306,"depth":121,"text":70307},{"id":70577,"depth":121,"text":70578},{"id":70724,"depth":121,"text":70725,"children":71699},[71700,71701,71702],{"id":70728,"depth":142,"text":70729},{"id":70866,"depth":142,"text":70867},{"id":71049,"depth":142,"text":71050},{"id":71246,"depth":121,"text":71247,"children":71704},[71705,71707],{"id":71253,"depth":142,"text":71706},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71269,"depth":142,"text":71708},"Use remove() when:",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":71711},[71712,71713,71714,71715],{"id":71617,"depth":142,"text":71618},{"id":71627,"depth":142,"text":71628},{"id":71641,"depth":142,"text":71642},{"id":71652,"depth":142,"text":71653},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69734,"description":71717},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71724,"title":71725,"body":71726,"description":73512,"extension":2195,"meta":73513,"navigation":145,"path":73514,"seo":73515,"stem":73516,"__hash__":73517},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71727,"toc":73494},[71728,71731,71736,71742,71744,71814,71820,71824,71829,71850,71853,71920,71922,71943,71951,71953,71972,71988,71990,72055,72057,72082,72084,72086,72151,72153,72178,72180,72194,72197,72250,72252,72273,72277,72285,72358,72360,72393,72399,72405,72496,72498,72523,72529,72618,72620,72644,72646,72650,72705,72707,72739,72742,72745,72839,72841,72874,72880,72886,72890,72897,72923,72927,72992,72994,73019,73023,73104,73106,73135,73140,73145,73151,73155,73162,73184,73188,73247,73249,73273,73282,73287,73289,73293,73322,73324,73399,73402,73416,73422,73424,73428,73431,73435,73440,73444,73453,73457,73465,73467,73491],[10,71729,71725],{"id":71730},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71732,2212,71733,71735],{},[15,71734,55079],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71737,71738,71739,71741],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[355,71740,947],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[31,71743,34],{"id":33},[36,71745,71747],{"className":38,"code":71746,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71748,71749,71781,71799,71809],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71750,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771,71773,71775,71777,71779],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71752,8001],{"class":51},[45,71754,56],{"class":55},[45,71756,1427],{"class":59},[45,71758,64],{"class":63},[45,71760,1028],{"class":67},[45,71762,64],{"class":63},[45,71764,84],{"class":59},[45,71766,76],{"class":63},[45,71768,1042],{"class":67},[45,71770,64],{"class":63},[45,71772,84],{"class":59},[45,71774,76],{"class":63},[45,71776,1056],{"class":67},[45,71778,64],{"class":63},[45,71780,244],{"class":59},[45,71782,71783,71785,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71784,1289],{"class":51},[45,71786,132],{"class":59},[45,71788,34787],{"class":135},[45,71790,156],{"class":59},[45,71792,64],{"class":63},[45,71794,1042],{"class":67},[45,71796,64],{"class":63},[45,71798,161],{"class":59},[45,71800,71801,71803,71805,71807],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,71802,153],{"class":152},[45,71804,156],{"class":59},[45,71806,1289],{"class":135},[45,71808,161],{"class":59},[45,71810,71811],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,71812,71813],{"class":1712},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71815,1006,71816,71819],{},[15,71817,71818],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[31,71821,71823],{"id":71822},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71825,71826,71828],{},[15,71827,55533],{}," is a list method that:",[258,71830,71831,71837,71842,71847],{},[261,71832,71833,71834,71836],{},"Deletes the ",[355,71835,30064],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[261,71838,71839,71840],{},"Changes the original list ",[355,71841,11539],{},[261,71843,2062,71844,71846],{},[355,71845,4854],{}," return a new list",[261,71848,71849],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71851,71852],{},"This is important for beginners:",[36,71854,71856],{"className":38,"code":71855,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71857,71858,71878,71896,71900,71910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71859,71860,71862,71864,71866,71868,71870,71872,71874,71876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71861,3846],{"class":51},[45,71863,56],{"class":55},[45,71865,1427],{"class":59},[45,71867,1430],{"class":96},[45,71869,84],{"class":59},[45,71871,1035],{"class":96},[45,71873,84],{"class":59},[45,71875,1063],{"class":96},[45,71877,244],{"class":59},[45,71879,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71881,716],{"class":51},[45,71883,56],{"class":55},[45,71885,4488],{"class":51},[45,71887,132],{"class":59},[45,71889,34787],{"class":135},[45,71891,156],{"class":59},[45,71893,1133],{"class":96},[45,71895,161],{"class":59},[45,71897,71898],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,71899,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,71901,71902,71904,71906,71908],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,71903,153],{"class":152},[45,71905,156],{"class":59},[45,71907,3876],{"class":135},[45,71909,161],{"class":59},[45,71911,71912,71914,71916,71918],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,71913,153],{"class":152},[45,71915,156],{"class":59},[45,71917,740],{"class":135},[45,71919,161],{"class":59},[20,71921,182],{},[36,71923,71925],{"className":38,"code":71924,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71926,71927,71939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71928,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71930,223],{"class":59},[45,71932,1430],{"class":96},[45,71934,84],{"class":59},[45,71936,1063],{"class":96},[45,71938,244],{"class":59},[45,71940,71941],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,71942,12009],{"class":4080},[20,71944,71945,71946,71948,71949,132],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71947,55533],{}," itself returned ",[15,71950,4006],{},[31,71952,5652],{"id":5651},[36,71954,71956],{"className":38,"code":71955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71957,71958],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71959,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71961,172],{"class":171},[45,71963,132],{"class":59},[45,71965,34787],{"class":135},[45,71967,156],{"class":59},[45,71969,947],{"class":135},[45,71971,161],{"class":59},[258,71973,71974,71979,71982],{},[261,71975,71976,71978],{},[15,71977,947],{}," is the item you want to delete",[261,71980,71981],{},"Python searches from left to right",[261,71983,71984,71985,71987],{},"Only the ",[355,71986,30064],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71989,361],{},[36,71991,71993],{"className":38,"code":71992,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71994,71995,72027,72045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,71996,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,71998,36085],{"class":51},[45,72000,56],{"class":55},[45,72002,1427],{"class":59},[45,72004,64],{"class":63},[45,72006,277],{"class":67},[45,72008,64],{"class":63},[45,72010,84],{"class":59},[45,72012,76],{"class":63},[45,72014,1930],{"class":67},[45,72016,64],{"class":63},[45,72018,84],{"class":59},[45,72020,76],{"class":63},[45,72022,9951],{"class":67},[45,72024,64],{"class":63},[45,72026,244],{"class":59},[45,72028,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72030,36138],{"class":51},[45,72032,132],{"class":59},[45,72034,34787],{"class":135},[45,72036,156],{"class":59},[45,72038,64],{"class":63},[45,72040,1930],{"class":67},[45,72042,64],{"class":63},[45,72044,161],{"class":59},[45,72046,72047,72049,72051,72053],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72048,153],{"class":152},[45,72050,156],{"class":59},[45,72052,36138],{"class":135},[45,72054,161],{"class":59},[20,72056,182],{},[36,72058,72060],{"className":38,"code":72059,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72061,72062],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72065,223],{"class":59},[45,72067,198],{"class":63},[45,72069,277],{"class":67},[45,72071,198],{"class":63},[45,72073,84],{"class":59},[45,72075,211],{"class":63},[45,72077,9951],{"class":67},[45,72079,198],{"class":63},[45,72081,244],{"class":59},[31,72083,6008],{"id":6007},[20,72085,65181],{},[36,72087,72089],{"className":38,"code":72088,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72090,72091,72123,72141],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72092,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105,72107,72109,72111,72113,72115,72117,72119,72121],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72094,13274],{"class":51},[45,72096,56],{"class":55},[45,72098,1427],{"class":59},[45,72100,64],{"class":63},[45,72102,13291],{"class":67},[45,72104,64],{"class":63},[45,72106,84],{"class":59},[45,72108,76],{"class":63},[45,72110,703],{"class":67},[45,72112,64],{"class":63},[45,72114,84],{"class":59},[45,72116,76],{"class":63},[45,72118,17637],{"class":67},[45,72120,64],{"class":63},[45,72122,244],{"class":59},[45,72124,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72126,17684],{"class":51},[45,72128,132],{"class":59},[45,72130,34787],{"class":135},[45,72132,156],{"class":59},[45,72134,64],{"class":63},[45,72136,703],{"class":67},[45,72138,64],{"class":63},[45,72140,161],{"class":59},[45,72142,72143,72145,72147,72149],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72144,153],{"class":152},[45,72146,156],{"class":59},[45,72148,17684],{"class":135},[45,72150,161],{"class":59},[20,72152,182],{},[36,72154,72156],{"className":38,"code":72155,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72157,72158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72161,223],{"class":59},[45,72163,198],{"class":63},[45,72165,13291],{"class":67},[45,72167,198],{"class":63},[45,72169,84],{"class":59},[45,72171,211],{"class":63},[45,72173,17637],{"class":67},[45,72175,198],{"class":63},[45,72177,244],{"class":59},[20,72179,816],{},[258,72181,72182,72185,72191],{},[261,72183,72184],{},"A list is created with three values",[261,72186,72187,72190],{},[15,72188,72189],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[261,72192,72193],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72195,72196],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[36,72198,72200],{"className":38,"code":72199,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72201,72202,72226,72240],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72203,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72205,866],{"class":51},[45,72207,56],{"class":55},[45,72209,1427],{"class":59},[45,72211,2560],{"class":96},[45,72213,84],{"class":59},[45,72215,97],{"class":96},[45,72217,84],{"class":59},[45,72219,8016],{"class":96},[45,72221,84],{"class":59},[45,72223,50846],{"class":96},[45,72225,244],{"class":59},[45,72227,72228,72230,72232,72234,72236,72238],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72229,16582],{"class":51},[45,72231,132],{"class":59},[45,72233,34787],{"class":135},[45,72235,156],{"class":59},[45,72237,36837],{"class":96},[45,72239,161],{"class":59},[45,72241,72242,72244,72246,72248],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72243,153],{"class":152},[45,72245,156],{"class":59},[45,72247,16582],{"class":135},[45,72249,161],{"class":59},[20,72251,182],{},[36,72253,72255],{"className":38,"code":72254,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72256,72257],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72258,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72260,223],{"class":59},[45,72262,2560],{"class":96},[45,72264,84],{"class":59},[45,72266,97],{"class":96},[45,72268,84],{"class":59},[45,72270,50846],{"class":96},[45,72272,244],{"class":59},[31,72274,72276],{"id":72275},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72278,65171,72279,72281,72282,72284],{},[15,72280,55533],{}," deletes only the ",[355,72283,30064],{}," one.",[36,72286,72288],{"className":38,"code":72287,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72289,72290,72330,72348],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72291,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72293,8001],{"class":51},[45,72295,56],{"class":55},[45,72297,1427],{"class":59},[45,72299,64],{"class":63},[45,72301,1028],{"class":67},[45,72303,64],{"class":63},[45,72305,84],{"class":59},[45,72307,76],{"class":63},[45,72309,1042],{"class":67},[45,72311,64],{"class":63},[45,72313,84],{"class":59},[45,72315,76],{"class":63},[45,72317,1028],{"class":67},[45,72319,64],{"class":63},[45,72321,84],{"class":59},[45,72323,76],{"class":63},[45,72325,1056],{"class":67},[45,72327,64],{"class":63},[45,72329,244],{"class":59},[45,72331,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72333,1289],{"class":51},[45,72335,132],{"class":59},[45,72337,34787],{"class":135},[45,72339,156],{"class":59},[45,72341,64],{"class":63},[45,72343,1028],{"class":67},[45,72345,64],{"class":63},[45,72347,161],{"class":59},[45,72349,72350,72352,72354,72356],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72351,153],{"class":152},[45,72353,156],{"class":59},[45,72355,1289],{"class":135},[45,72357,161],{"class":59},[20,72359,182],{},[36,72361,72363],{"className":38,"code":72362,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72364,72365],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72366,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72368,223],{"class":59},[45,72370,198],{"class":63},[45,72372,1042],{"class":67},[45,72374,198],{"class":63},[45,72376,84],{"class":59},[45,72378,211],{"class":63},[45,72380,1028],{"class":67},[45,72382,198],{"class":63},[45,72384,84],{"class":59},[45,72386,211],{"class":63},[45,72388,1056],{"class":67},[45,72390,198],{"class":63},[45,72392,244],{"class":59},[20,72394,72395,72396,72398],{},"Only the first ",[15,72397,57838],{}," was removed.",[20,72400,72401,72402,72404],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72403,55533],{}," again:",[36,72406,72408],{"className":38,"code":72407,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72409,72410,72450,72468,72486],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72411,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72413,8001],{"class":51},[45,72415,56],{"class":55},[45,72417,1427],{"class":59},[45,72419,64],{"class":63},[45,72421,1028],{"class":67},[45,72423,64],{"class":63},[45,72425,84],{"class":59},[45,72427,76],{"class":63},[45,72429,1042],{"class":67},[45,72431,64],{"class":63},[45,72433,84],{"class":59},[45,72435,76],{"class":63},[45,72437,1028],{"class":67},[45,72439,64],{"class":63},[45,72441,84],{"class":59},[45,72443,76],{"class":63},[45,72445,1056],{"class":67},[45,72447,64],{"class":63},[45,72449,244],{"class":59},[45,72451,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72453,1289],{"class":51},[45,72455,132],{"class":59},[45,72457,34787],{"class":135},[45,72459,156],{"class":59},[45,72461,64],{"class":63},[45,72463,1028],{"class":67},[45,72465,64],{"class":63},[45,72467,161],{"class":59},[45,72469,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482,72484],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72471,1289],{"class":51},[45,72473,132],{"class":59},[45,72475,34787],{"class":135},[45,72477,156],{"class":59},[45,72479,64],{"class":63},[45,72481,1028],{"class":67},[45,72483,64],{"class":63},[45,72485,161],{"class":59},[45,72487,72488,72490,72492,72494],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,72489,153],{"class":152},[45,72491,156],{"class":59},[45,72493,1289],{"class":135},[45,72495,161],{"class":59},[20,72497,182],{},[36,72499,72501],{"className":38,"code":72500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72502,72503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72504,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72506,223],{"class":59},[45,72508,198],{"class":63},[45,72510,1042],{"class":67},[45,72512,198],{"class":63},[45,72514,84],{"class":59},[45,72516,211],{"class":63},[45,72518,1056],{"class":67},[45,72520,198],{"class":63},[45,72522,244],{"class":59},[20,72524,72525,72526,72528],{},"If you need to remove ",[355,72527,3943],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[36,72530,72532],{"className":38,"code":72531,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72533,72534,72574,72608],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72535,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72537,8001],{"class":51},[45,72539,56],{"class":55},[45,72541,1427],{"class":59},[45,72543,64],{"class":63},[45,72545,1028],{"class":67},[45,72547,64],{"class":63},[45,72549,84],{"class":59},[45,72551,76],{"class":63},[45,72553,1042],{"class":67},[45,72555,64],{"class":63},[45,72557,84],{"class":59},[45,72559,76],{"class":63},[45,72561,1028],{"class":67},[45,72563,64],{"class":63},[45,72565,84],{"class":59},[45,72567,76],{"class":63},[45,72569,1056],{"class":67},[45,72571,64],{"class":63},[45,72573,244],{"class":59},[45,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72593,72595,72597,72600,72602,72604,72606],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72577,8001],{"class":51},[45,72579,56],{"class":55},[45,72581,1427],{"class":59},[45,72583,28695],{"class":51},[45,72585,855],{"class":921},[45,72587,6181],{"class":51},[45,72589,927],{"class":921},[45,72591,72592],{"class":51}," items ",[45,72594,7219],{"class":921},[45,72596,6181],{"class":51},[45,72598,72599],{"class":55},"!=",[45,72601,76],{"class":63},[45,72603,1028],{"class":67},[45,72605,64],{"class":63},[45,72607,244],{"class":59},[45,72609,72610,72612,72614,72616],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72611,153],{"class":152},[45,72613,156],{"class":59},[45,72615,1289],{"class":135},[45,72617,161],{"class":59},[20,72619,182],{},[36,72621,72622],{"className":38,"code":72500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,72623,72624],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72625,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72627,223],{"class":59},[45,72629,198],{"class":63},[45,72631,1042],{"class":67},[45,72633,198],{"class":63},[45,72635,84],{"class":59},[45,72637,211],{"class":63},[45,72639,1056],{"class":67},[45,72641,198],{"class":63},[45,72643,244],{"class":59},[31,72645,65637],{"id":65636},[20,72647,65640,72648,132],{},[15,72649,40702],{},[36,72651,72653],{"className":38,"code":72652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72654,72655,72687],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72656,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72658,8001],{"class":51},[45,72660,56],{"class":55},[45,72662,1427],{"class":59},[45,72664,64],{"class":63},[45,72666,1028],{"class":67},[45,72668,64],{"class":63},[45,72670,84],{"class":59},[45,72672,76],{"class":63},[45,72674,1042],{"class":67},[45,72676,64],{"class":63},[45,72678,84],{"class":59},[45,72680,76],{"class":63},[45,72682,1056],{"class":67},[45,72684,64],{"class":63},[45,72686,244],{"class":59},[45,72688,72689,72691,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72690,1289],{"class":51},[45,72692,132],{"class":59},[45,72694,34787],{"class":135},[45,72696,156],{"class":59},[45,72698,64],{"class":63},[45,72700,22707],{"class":67},[45,72702,64],{"class":63},[45,72704,161],{"class":59},[20,72706,182],{},[36,72708,72710],{"className":38,"code":72709,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72711,72712],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72713,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72715,40702],{"class":171},[45,72717,73],{"class":59},[45,72719,587],{"class":171},[45,72721,132],{"class":59},[45,72723,34787],{"class":135},[45,72725,156],{"class":59},[45,72727,2403],{"class":135},[45,72729,16645],{"class":59},[45,72731,4108],{"class":51},[45,72733,4854],{"class":55},[45,72735,21352],{"class":55},[45,72737,72738],{"class":171}," list\n",[20,72740,72741],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72743,72744],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[36,72746,72748],{"className":38,"code":72747,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72749,72750,72782,72794,72798,72810,72825,72829],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72751,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776,72778,72780],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72753,8001],{"class":51},[45,72755,56],{"class":55},[45,72757,1427],{"class":59},[45,72759,64],{"class":63},[45,72761,1028],{"class":67},[45,72763,64],{"class":63},[45,72765,84],{"class":59},[45,72767,76],{"class":63},[45,72769,1042],{"class":67},[45,72771,64],{"class":63},[45,72773,84],{"class":59},[45,72775,76],{"class":63},[45,72777,1056],{"class":67},[45,72779,64],{"class":63},[45,72781,244],{"class":59},[45,72783,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72785,2677],{"class":51},[45,72787,56],{"class":55},[45,72789,76],{"class":63},[45,72791,22707],{"class":67},[45,72793,468],{"class":63},[45,72795,72796],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72797,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,72799,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,72801,7219],{"class":921},[45,72803,924],{"class":51},[45,72805,927],{"class":55},[45,72807,6186],{"class":51},[45,72809,6614],{"class":59},[45,72811,72812,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,72813,72814],{"class":51},"    items",[45,72816,132],{"class":59},[45,72818,34787],{"class":135},[45,72820,156],{"class":59},[45,72822,947],{"class":135},[45,72824,161],{"class":59},[45,72826,72827],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,72828,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,72830,72831,72833,72835,72837],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,72832,153],{"class":152},[45,72834,156],{"class":59},[45,72836,1289],{"class":135},[45,72838,161],{"class":59},[20,72840,182],{},[36,72842,72844],{"className":38,"code":72843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72845,72846],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72847,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72849,223],{"class":59},[45,72851,198],{"class":63},[45,72853,1028],{"class":67},[45,72855,198],{"class":63},[45,72857,84],{"class":59},[45,72859,211],{"class":63},[45,72861,1042],{"class":67},[45,72863,198],{"class":63},[45,72865,84],{"class":59},[45,72867,211],{"class":63},[45,72869,1056],{"class":67},[45,72871,198],{"class":63},[45,72873,244],{"class":59},[20,72875,72876,72877,72879],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72878,55533],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72881,72882,72883,132],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[277,72884,65846],{"href":72885},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[31,72887,72889],{"id":72888},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72891,72892,329,72894,72896],{},[15,72893,55533],{},[15,72895,12964],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[258,72898,72899,72906,72912,72918],{},[261,72900,72901,72903,72904],{},[15,72902,55533],{}," deletes by ",[355,72905,947],{},[261,72907,72908,72903,72910],{},[15,72909,12964],{},[355,72911,35840],{},[261,72913,72914,2627,72916],{},[15,72915,55533],{},[15,72917,4006],{},[261,72919,72920,72922],{},[15,72921,12964],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72924,46041,72925,73],{},[15,72926,55533],{},[36,72928,72930],{"className":38,"code":72929,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72931,72932,72964,72982],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,72933,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958,72960,72962],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,72935,8001],{"class":51},[45,72937,56],{"class":55},[45,72939,1427],{"class":59},[45,72941,64],{"class":63},[45,72943,1028],{"class":67},[45,72945,64],{"class":63},[45,72947,84],{"class":59},[45,72949,76],{"class":63},[45,72951,1042],{"class":67},[45,72953,64],{"class":63},[45,72955,84],{"class":59},[45,72957,76],{"class":63},[45,72959,1056],{"class":67},[45,72961,64],{"class":63},[45,72963,244],{"class":59},[45,72965,72966,72968,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,72967,1289],{"class":51},[45,72969,132],{"class":59},[45,72971,34787],{"class":135},[45,72973,156],{"class":59},[45,72975,64],{"class":63},[45,72977,1042],{"class":67},[45,72979,64],{"class":63},[45,72981,161],{"class":59},[45,72983,72984,72986,72988,72990],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,72985,153],{"class":152},[45,72987,156],{"class":59},[45,72989,1289],{"class":135},[45,72991,161],{"class":59},[20,72993,182],{},[36,72995,72997],{"className":38,"code":72996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72998,72999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73000,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73002,223],{"class":59},[45,73004,198],{"class":63},[45,73006,1028],{"class":67},[45,73008,198],{"class":63},[45,73010,84],{"class":59},[45,73012,211],{"class":63},[45,73014,1056],{"class":67},[45,73016,198],{"class":63},[45,73018,244],{"class":59},[20,73020,46041,73021,73],{},[15,73022,12964],{},[36,73024,73026],{"className":38,"code":73025,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73027,73028,73060,73079,73083,73093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73029,73030,73032,73034,73036,73038,73040,73042,73044,73046,73048,73050,73052,73054,73056,73058],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73031,8001],{"class":51},[45,73033,56],{"class":55},[45,73035,1427],{"class":59},[45,73037,64],{"class":63},[45,73039,1028],{"class":67},[45,73041,64],{"class":63},[45,73043,84],{"class":59},[45,73045,76],{"class":63},[45,73047,1042],{"class":67},[45,73049,64],{"class":63},[45,73051,84],{"class":59},[45,73053,76],{"class":63},[45,73055,1056],{"class":67},[45,73057,64],{"class":63},[45,73059,244],{"class":59},[45,73061,73062,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73063,73064],{"class":51},"removed_item ",[45,73066,56],{"class":55},[45,73068,6186],{"class":51},[45,73070,132],{"class":59},[45,73072,26397],{"class":135},[45,73074,156],{"class":59},[45,73076,1430],{"class":96},[45,73078,161],{"class":59},[45,73080,73081],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73082,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,73084,73085,73087,73089,73091],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,73086,153],{"class":152},[45,73088,156],{"class":59},[45,73090,1289],{"class":135},[45,73092,161],{"class":59},[45,73094,73095,73097,73099,73102],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,73096,153],{"class":152},[45,73098,156],{"class":59},[45,73100,73101],{"class":135},"removed_item",[45,73103,161],{"class":59},[20,73105,182],{},[36,73107,73109],{"className":38,"code":73108,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73110,73111,73131],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73112,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73114,223],{"class":59},[45,73116,198],{"class":63},[45,73118,1028],{"class":67},[45,73120,198],{"class":63},[45,73122,84],{"class":59},[45,73124,211],{"class":63},[45,73126,1056],{"class":67},[45,73128,198],{"class":63},[45,73130,244],{"class":59},[45,73132,73133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73134,70413],{"class":51},[20,73136,1006,73137,73139],{},[15,73138,55533],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73141,1006,73142,73144],{},[15,73143,12964],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73146,73147,73148,132],{},"For more detail, see the ",[277,73149,73150],{"href":55083},"Python list pop() method",[31,73152,73154],{"id":73153},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73156,73157,329,73159,73161],{},[15,73158,55533],{},[15,73160,27181],{}," are also different.",[258,73163,73164,73169,73174,73179],{},[261,73165,73166,73168],{},[15,73167,55533],{}," deletes by matching value",[261,73170,73171,73173],{},[15,73172,27181],{}," deletes by index or slice",[261,73175,1006,73176,73178],{},[15,73177,27181],{}," when you know the position",[261,73180,1006,73181,73183],{},[15,73182,55533],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73185,46041,73186,73],{},[15,73187,27181],{},[36,73189,73191],{"className":38,"code":73190,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73192,73193,73225,73237],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73194,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73196,8001],{"class":51},[45,73198,56],{"class":55},[45,73200,1427],{"class":59},[45,73202,64],{"class":63},[45,73204,1028],{"class":67},[45,73206,64],{"class":63},[45,73208,84],{"class":59},[45,73210,76],{"class":63},[45,73212,1042],{"class":67},[45,73214,64],{"class":63},[45,73216,84],{"class":59},[45,73218,76],{"class":63},[45,73220,1056],{"class":67},[45,73222,64],{"class":63},[45,73224,244],{"class":59},[45,73226,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73228,27181],{"class":921},[45,73230,6186],{"class":51},[45,73232,223],{"class":59},[45,73234,1430],{"class":96},[45,73236,244],{"class":59},[45,73238,73239,73241,73243,73245],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73240,153],{"class":152},[45,73242,156],{"class":59},[45,73244,1289],{"class":135},[45,73246,161],{"class":59},[20,73248,182],{},[36,73250,73251],{"className":38,"code":72996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,73252,73253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73254,73255,73257,73259,73261,73263,73265,73267,73269,73271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73256,223],{"class":59},[45,73258,198],{"class":63},[45,73260,1028],{"class":67},[45,73262,198],{"class":63},[45,73264,84],{"class":59},[45,73266,211],{"class":63},[45,73268,1056],{"class":67},[45,73270,198],{"class":63},[45,73272,244],{"class":59},[20,73274,73275,73276,73278,73279,73281],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73277,1430],{},", not the value ",[15,73280,65281],{}," directly.",[20,73283,73284,73285,132],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[277,73286,55072],{"href":55071},[31,73288,3061],{"id":3060},[20,73290,21390,73291,73],{},[15,73292,55533],{},[258,73294,73295,73298,73303,73310,73319],{},[261,73296,73297],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[261,73299,8670,73300,73302],{},[15,73301,55533],{}," to delete all matching values",[261,73304,12796,73305,73307,73308],{},[15,73306,55533],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73309,4006],{},[261,73311,1797,73312,44630,73314,995,73316,73318],{},[15,73313,55533],{},[15,73315,12964],{},[15,73317,27181],{}," would be a better fit",[261,73320,73321],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73323,71513],{},[36,73325,73327],{"className":38,"code":73326,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73328,73329,73339,73353,73371,73385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73330,73331,73333,73335,73337],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73332,153],{"class":152},[45,73334,156],{"class":59},[45,73336,1449],{"class":135},[45,73338,161],{"class":59},[45,73340,73341,73343,73345,73347,73349,73351],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73342,153],{"class":152},[45,73344,156],{"class":59},[45,73346,2677],{"class":135},[45,73348,927],{"class":921},[45,73350,8613],{"class":135},[45,73352,161],{"class":59},[45,73354,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73356,153],{"class":152},[45,73358,156],{"class":59},[45,73360,1449],{"class":135},[45,73362,132],{"class":59},[45,73364,41258],{"class":135},[45,73366,156],{"class":59},[45,73368,947],{"class":135},[45,73370,179],{"class":59},[45,73372,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,73374,153],{"class":152},[45,73376,156],{"class":59},[45,73378,1478],{"class":171},[45,73380,156],{"class":59},[45,73382,1449],{"class":135},[45,73384,179],{"class":59},[45,73386,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395,73397],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,73388,32306],{"class":152},[45,73390,156],{"class":59},[45,73392,172],{"class":171},[45,73394,132],{"class":59},[45,73396,34787],{"class":1863},[45,73398,161],{"class":59},[20,73400,73401],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[258,73403,73404,73407,73410,73413],{},[261,73405,73406],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[261,73408,73409],{},"How many times does it appear?",[261,73411,73412],{},"Am I working with a list?",[261,73414,73415],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73417,73418,73419,73421],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[277,73420,71677],{"href":58970}," may also help.",[31,73423,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,73425,73427],{"id":73426},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73429,73430],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1398,73432,73434],{"id":73433},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73436,1610,73437,73439],{},[15,73438,4006],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1398,73441,73443],{"id":73442},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73445,73446,73447,73450,73451,132],{},"Check with ",[15,73448,73449],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73452,55533],{},[1398,73454,73456],{"id":73455},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73458,1006,73459,73461,73462,73464],{},[15,73460,55533],{}," for a value and ",[15,73463,12964],{}," for an index.",[31,73466,2114],{"id":2113},[258,73468,73469,73473,73477,73481,73485],{},[261,73470,73471],{},[277,73472,55519],{"href":55071},[261,73474,73475],{},[277,73476,73150],{"href":55083},[261,73478,73479],{},[277,73480,71677],{"href":58970},[261,73482,73483],{},[277,73484,65846],{"href":72885},[261,73486,73487],{},[277,73488,73490],{"href":73489},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2154,73492,73493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":73495},[73496,73497,73498,73499,73500,73501,73502,73503,73504,73505,73511],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":71822,"depth":121,"text":71823},{"id":5651,"depth":121,"text":5652},{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":72275,"depth":121,"text":72276},{"id":65636,"depth":121,"text":65637},{"id":72888,"depth":121,"text":72889},{"id":73153,"depth":121,"text":73154},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":73506},[73507,73508,73509,73510],{"id":73426,"depth":142,"text":73427},{"id":73433,"depth":142,"text":73434},{"id":73442,"depth":142,"text":73443},{"id":73455,"depth":142,"text":73456},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71725,"description":73512},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73519,"title":73520,"body":73521,"description":75412,"extension":2195,"meta":75413,"navigation":145,"path":75414,"seo":75415,"stem":75416,"__hash__":75417},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73522,"toc":75382},[73523,73529,73535,73538,73549,73551,73600,73605,73610,73614,73629,73631,73696,73698,73739,73741,73743,73758,73760,73771,73773,73830,73832,73865,73867,73870,73919,73921,73946,73948,73964,73970,73977,74038,74040,74073,74078,74081,74161,74163,74224,74230,74234,74237,74301,74303,74328,74330,74350,74352,74401,74403,74424,74433,74436,74440,74445,74490,74492,74513,74519,74524,74532,74596,74598,74635,74641,74645,74652,74717,74719,74756,74760,74777,74787,74792,74797,74808,74815,74817,74823,74846,74849,74876,74881,74884,74985,74987,75042,75045,75152,75154,75225,75228,75254,75256,75261,75265,75273,75278,75283,75289,75294,75298,75301,75318,75321,75341,75349,75351,75379],[10,73524,54346,73526,18],{"id":73525},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73527,73528],{},"reverse()",[20,73530,73531,73534],{},[15,73532,73533],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73536,73537],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73539,73540,73541,73543,73544,73548],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73542,73528],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[277,73545,73547],{"href":73546},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[31,73550,3836],{"id":3835},[36,73552,73554],{"className":38,"code":73553,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73555,73556,73576,73587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73557,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73559,3846],{"class":51},[45,73561,56],{"class":55},[45,73563,1427],{"class":59},[45,73565,1430],{"class":96},[45,73567,84],{"class":59},[45,73569,1035],{"class":96},[45,73571,84],{"class":59},[45,73573,1063],{"class":96},[45,73575,244],{"class":59},[45,73577,73578,73580,73582,73585],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73579,3876],{"class":51},[45,73581,132],{"class":59},[45,73583,73584],{"class":135},"reverse",[45,73586,139],{"class":59},[45,73588,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73590,153],{"class":152},[45,73592,156],{"class":59},[45,73594,3876],{"class":135},[45,73596,3889],{"class":59},[45,73598,73599],{"class":1712},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73601,73602,73604],{},[15,73603,73528],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[31,73606,253,73608,256],{"id":73607},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73609,73533],{},[20,73611,73612,73],{},[15,73613,73533],{},[258,73615,73616,73619,73622,73626],{},[261,73617,73618],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[261,73620,73621],{},"Changes the original list directly",[261,73623,11629,73624],{},[15,73625,4006],{},[261,73627,73628],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73630,361],{},[36,73632,73634],{"className":38,"code":73633,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73635,73636,73676,73686],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73637,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73639,36085],{"class":51},[45,73641,56],{"class":55},[45,73643,1427],{"class":59},[45,73645,64],{"class":63},[45,73647,277],{"class":67},[45,73649,64],{"class":63},[45,73651,84],{"class":59},[45,73653,76],{"class":63},[45,73655,1930],{"class":67},[45,73657,64],{"class":63},[45,73659,84],{"class":59},[45,73661,76],{"class":63},[45,73663,9951],{"class":67},[45,73665,64],{"class":63},[45,73667,84],{"class":59},[45,73669,76],{"class":63},[45,73671,18946],{"class":67},[45,73673,64],{"class":63},[45,73675,244],{"class":59},[45,73677,73678,73680,73682,73684],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73679,36138],{"class":51},[45,73681,132],{"class":59},[45,73683,73584],{"class":135},[45,73685,139],{"class":59},[45,73687,73688,73690,73692,73694],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73689,153],{"class":152},[45,73691,156],{"class":59},[45,73693,36138],{"class":135},[45,73695,161],{"class":59},[20,73697,182],{},[36,73699,73701],{"className":38,"code":73700,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73702,73703],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73704,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73706,223],{"class":59},[45,73708,198],{"class":63},[45,73710,18946],{"class":67},[45,73712,198],{"class":63},[45,73714,84],{"class":59},[45,73716,211],{"class":63},[45,73718,9951],{"class":67},[45,73720,198],{"class":63},[45,73722,84],{"class":59},[45,73724,211],{"class":63},[45,73726,1930],{"class":67},[45,73728,198],{"class":63},[45,73730,84],{"class":59},[45,73732,211],{"class":63},[45,73734,277],{"class":67},[45,73736,198],{"class":63},[45,73738,244],{"class":59},[31,73740,284],{"id":283},[20,73742,2389],{},[36,73744,73746],{"className":38,"code":73745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73747,73748],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73749,73750,73752,73754,73756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73751,1449],{"class":51},[45,73753,132],{"class":59},[45,73755,73584],{"class":135},[45,73757,139],{"class":59},[20,73759,303],{},[258,73761,73762,73765,73768],{},[261,73763,73764],{},"No arguments are needed",[261,73766,73767],{},"You call it on an existing list",[261,73769,73770],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73772,361],{},[36,73774,73776],{"className":38,"code":73775,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73777,73778,73810,73820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73779,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73781,13274],{"class":51},[45,73783,56],{"class":55},[45,73785,1427],{"class":59},[45,73787,64],{"class":63},[45,73789,13291],{"class":67},[45,73791,64],{"class":63},[45,73793,84],{"class":59},[45,73795,76],{"class":63},[45,73797,17637],{"class":67},[45,73799,64],{"class":63},[45,73801,84],{"class":59},[45,73803,76],{"class":63},[45,73805,703],{"class":67},[45,73807,64],{"class":63},[45,73809,244],{"class":59},[45,73811,73812,73814,73816,73818],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73813,17684],{"class":51},[45,73815,132],{"class":59},[45,73817,73584],{"class":135},[45,73819,139],{"class":59},[45,73821,73822,73824,73826,73828],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73823,153],{"class":152},[45,73825,156],{"class":59},[45,73827,17684],{"class":135},[45,73829,161],{"class":59},[20,73831,182],{},[36,73833,73835],{"className":38,"code":73834,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73836,73837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73838,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73840,223],{"class":59},[45,73842,198],{"class":63},[45,73844,703],{"class":67},[45,73846,198],{"class":63},[45,73848,84],{"class":59},[45,73850,211],{"class":63},[45,73852,17637],{"class":67},[45,73854,198],{"class":63},[45,73856,84],{"class":59},[45,73858,211],{"class":63},[45,73860,13291],{"class":67},[45,73862,198],{"class":63},[45,73864,244],{"class":59},[31,73866,640],{"id":639},[20,73868,73869],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[36,73871,73873],{"className":38,"code":73872,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73874,73875,73899,73909],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73876,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893,73895,73897],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73878,3846],{"class":51},[45,73880,56],{"class":55},[45,73882,1427],{"class":59},[45,73884,2560],{"class":96},[45,73886,84],{"class":59},[45,73888,97],{"class":96},[45,73890,84],{"class":59},[45,73892,8016],{"class":96},[45,73894,84],{"class":59},[45,73896,50846],{"class":96},[45,73898,244],{"class":59},[45,73900,73901,73903,73905,73907],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,73902,3876],{"class":51},[45,73904,132],{"class":59},[45,73906,73584],{"class":135},[45,73908,139],{"class":59},[45,73910,73911,73913,73915,73917],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,73912,153],{"class":152},[45,73914,156],{"class":59},[45,73916,3876],{"class":135},[45,73918,161],{"class":59},[20,73920,182],{},[36,73922,73924],{"className":38,"code":73923,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73925,73926],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73927,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936,73938,73940,73942,73944],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73929,223],{"class":59},[45,73931,56697],{"class":96},[45,73933,84],{"class":59},[45,73935,8016],{"class":96},[45,73937,84],{"class":59},[45,73939,97],{"class":96},[45,73941,84],{"class":59},[45,73943,6225],{"class":96},[45,73945,244],{"class":59},[20,73947,816],{},[258,73949,73950,73956,73961],{},[261,73951,73952,73953],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73954,73955],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[261,73957,73958,73960],{},[15,73959,73528],{}," flips the order",[261,73962,73963],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[31,73965,73967,73969],{"id":73966},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73968,73528],{}," changes the original list",[20,73971,73972,73973,73976],{},"This method is ",[355,73974,73975],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[36,73978,73980],{"className":38,"code":73979,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73981,73982,74014,74024,74028],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,73983,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,73985,36234],{"class":51},[45,73987,56],{"class":55},[45,73989,1427],{"class":59},[45,73991,64],{"class":63},[45,73993,1028],{"class":67},[45,73995,64],{"class":63},[45,73997,84],{"class":59},[45,73999,76],{"class":63},[45,74001,1042],{"class":67},[45,74003,64],{"class":63},[45,74005,84],{"class":59},[45,74007,76],{"class":63},[45,74009,4321],{"class":67},[45,74011,64],{"class":63},[45,74013,244],{"class":59},[45,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74017,36286],{"class":51},[45,74019,132],{"class":59},[45,74021,73584],{"class":135},[45,74023,139],{"class":59},[45,74025,74026],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74027,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74029,74030,74032,74034,74036],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74031,153],{"class":152},[45,74033,156],{"class":59},[45,74035,36286],{"class":135},[45,74037,161],{"class":59},[20,74039,182],{},[36,74041,74043],{"className":38,"code":74042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74044,74045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74046,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74048,223],{"class":59},[45,74050,198],{"class":63},[45,74052,4321],{"class":67},[45,74054,198],{"class":63},[45,74056,84],{"class":59},[45,74058,211],{"class":63},[45,74060,1042],{"class":67},[45,74062,198],{"class":63},[45,74064,84],{"class":59},[45,74066,211],{"class":63},[45,74068,1028],{"class":67},[45,74070,198],{"class":63},[45,74072,244],{"class":59},[20,74074,1006,74075,74077],{},[15,74076,73528],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74079,74080],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[36,74082,74084],{"className":38,"code":74083,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74085,74086,74118,74136,74140,74150],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74087,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74089,36234],{"class":51},[45,74091,56],{"class":55},[45,74093,1427],{"class":59},[45,74095,64],{"class":63},[45,74097,1028],{"class":67},[45,74099,64],{"class":63},[45,74101,84],{"class":59},[45,74103,76],{"class":63},[45,74105,1042],{"class":67},[45,74107,64],{"class":63},[45,74109,84],{"class":59},[45,74111,76],{"class":63},[45,74113,4321],{"class":67},[45,74115,64],{"class":63},[45,74117,244],{"class":59},[45,74119,74120,74123,74125,74127,74130,74132,74134],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74121,74122],{"class":51},"reversed_fruits ",[45,74124,56],{"class":55},[45,74126,52855],{"class":51},[45,74128,74129],{"class":59},"[::",[45,74131,2254],{"class":55},[45,74133,1430],{"class":96},[45,74135,244],{"class":59},[45,74137,74138],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74139,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74141,74142,74144,74146,74148],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74143,153],{"class":152},[45,74145,156],{"class":59},[45,74147,36286],{"class":135},[45,74149,161],{"class":59},[45,74151,74152,74154,74156,74159],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,74153,153],{"class":152},[45,74155,156],{"class":59},[45,74157,74158],{"class":135},"reversed_fruits",[45,74160,161],{"class":59},[20,74162,182],{},[36,74164,74166],{"className":38,"code":74165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74167,74168,74196],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74169,74170,74172,74174,74176,74178,74180,74182,74184,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74171,223],{"class":59},[45,74173,198],{"class":63},[45,74175,1028],{"class":67},[45,74177,198],{"class":63},[45,74179,84],{"class":59},[45,74181,211],{"class":63},[45,74183,1042],{"class":67},[45,74185,198],{"class":63},[45,74187,84],{"class":59},[45,74189,211],{"class":63},[45,74191,4321],{"class":67},[45,74193,198],{"class":63},[45,74195,244],{"class":59},[45,74197,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74199,223],{"class":59},[45,74201,198],{"class":63},[45,74203,4321],{"class":67},[45,74205,198],{"class":63},[45,74207,84],{"class":59},[45,74209,211],{"class":63},[45,74211,1042],{"class":67},[45,74213,198],{"class":63},[45,74215,84],{"class":59},[45,74217,211],{"class":63},[45,74219,1028],{"class":67},[45,74221,198],{"class":63},[45,74223,244],{"class":59},[20,74225,74226,74227,132],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[277,74228,74229],{"href":73546},"Python list slicing explained",[31,74231,74233],{"id":74232},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74235,74236],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[36,74238,74240],{"className":38,"code":74239,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74241,74242,74262,74276,74280,74291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74243,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258,74260],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74245,3846],{"class":51},[45,74247,56],{"class":55},[45,74249,1427],{"class":59},[45,74251,1430],{"class":96},[45,74253,84],{"class":59},[45,74255,1035],{"class":96},[45,74257,84],{"class":59},[45,74259,1063],{"class":96},[45,74261,244],{"class":59},[45,74263,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74265,55894],{"class":51},[45,74267,56],{"class":55},[45,74269,4488],{"class":51},[45,74271,132],{"class":59},[45,74273,73584],{"class":135},[45,74275,139],{"class":59},[45,74277,74278],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74279,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74281,74282,74284,74286,74289],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74283,153],{"class":152},[45,74285,156],{"class":59},[45,74287,74288],{"class":135},"new_list",[45,74290,161],{"class":59},[45,74292,74293,74295,74297,74299],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,74294,153],{"class":152},[45,74296,156],{"class":59},[45,74298,3876],{"class":135},[45,74300,161],{"class":59},[20,74302,182],{},[36,74304,74306],{"className":38,"code":74305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74307,74308,74312],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74309,74310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74311,12009],{"class":4080},[45,74313,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74315,223],{"class":59},[45,74317,2294],{"class":96},[45,74319,84],{"class":59},[45,74321,1035],{"class":96},[45,74323,84],{"class":59},[45,74325,1049],{"class":96},[45,74327,244],{"class":59},[20,74329,12101],{},[258,74331,74332,74340,74344],{},[261,74333,74334,74336,74337,74339],{},[15,74335,73528],{}," changes ",[15,74338,3876],{}," directly",[261,74341,40904,74342,71846],{},[355,74343,4854],{},[261,74345,53657,74346,42154,74348],{},[15,74347,74288],{},[15,74349,4006],{},[20,74351,61904],{},[36,74353,74355],{"className":38,"code":74354,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74356,74357,74377,74387,74391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74358,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371,74373,74375],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74360,3846],{"class":51},[45,74362,56],{"class":55},[45,74364,1427],{"class":59},[45,74366,1430],{"class":96},[45,74368,84],{"class":59},[45,74370,1035],{"class":96},[45,74372,84],{"class":59},[45,74374,1063],{"class":96},[45,74376,244],{"class":59},[45,74378,74379,74381,74383,74385],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74380,3876],{"class":51},[45,74382,132],{"class":59},[45,74384,73584],{"class":135},[45,74386,139],{"class":59},[45,74388,74389],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74390,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74392,74393,74395,74397,74399],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74394,153],{"class":152},[45,74396,156],{"class":59},[45,74398,3876],{"class":135},[45,74400,161],{"class":59},[20,74402,182],{},[36,74404,74406],{"className":38,"code":74405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74407,74408],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74409,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74411,223],{"class":59},[45,74413,2294],{"class":96},[45,74415,84],{"class":59},[45,74417,1035],{"class":96},[45,74419,84],{"class":59},[45,74421,1049],{"class":96},[45,74423,244],{"class":59},[31,74425,74427,1174,74429,74432],{"id":74426},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74428,73528],{},[15,74430,74431],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74434,74435],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1398,74437,74438],{"id":73584},[15,74439,73528],{},[20,74441,74442,74444],{},[15,74443,73528],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[36,74446,74448],{"className":38,"code":74447,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74449,74450,74470,74480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74451,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466,74468],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74453,3846],{"class":51},[45,74455,56],{"class":55},[45,74457,1427],{"class":59},[45,74459,2294],{"class":96},[45,74461,84],{"class":59},[45,74463,1049],{"class":96},[45,74465,84],{"class":59},[45,74467,1035],{"class":96},[45,74469,244],{"class":59},[45,74471,74472,74474,74476,74478],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74473,3876],{"class":51},[45,74475,132],{"class":59},[45,74477,73584],{"class":135},[45,74479,139],{"class":59},[45,74481,74482,74484,74486,74488],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74483,153],{"class":152},[45,74485,156],{"class":59},[45,74487,3876],{"class":135},[45,74489,161],{"class":59},[20,74491,182],{},[36,74493,74495],{"className":38,"code":74494,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74496,74497],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74500,223],{"class":59},[45,74502,1133],{"class":96},[45,74504,84],{"class":59},[45,74506,1049],{"class":96},[45,74508,84],{"class":59},[45,74510,1063],{"class":96},[45,74512,244],{"class":59},[20,74514,74515,74516,74518],{},"Notice that this is ",[355,74517,4854],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1398,74520,74522],{"id":74521},"sorted",[15,74523,74431],{},[20,74525,74526,74531],{},[277,74527,74529],{"href":74528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74530,74431],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[36,74533,74535],{"className":38,"code":74534,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74536,74537,74557,74572,74576,74586],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74538,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74540,3846],{"class":51},[45,74542,56],{"class":55},[45,74544,1427],{"class":59},[45,74546,2294],{"class":96},[45,74548,84],{"class":59},[45,74550,1049],{"class":96},[45,74552,84],{"class":59},[45,74554,1035],{"class":96},[45,74556,244],{"class":59},[45,74558,74559,74561,74563,74566,74568,74570],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74560,716],{"class":51},[45,74562,56],{"class":55},[45,74564,74565],{"class":152}," sorted",[45,74567,156],{"class":59},[45,74569,3876],{"class":135},[45,74571,161],{"class":59},[45,74573,74574],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74575,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74577,74578,74580,74582,74584],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74579,153],{"class":152},[45,74581,156],{"class":59},[45,74583,3876],{"class":135},[45,74585,161],{"class":59},[45,74587,74588,74590,74592,74594],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,74589,153],{"class":152},[45,74591,156],{"class":59},[45,74593,740],{"class":135},[45,74595,161],{"class":59},[20,74597,182],{},[36,74599,74601],{"className":38,"code":74600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74602,74603,74619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74604,74605,74607,74609,74611,74613,74615,74617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74606,223],{"class":59},[45,74608,2294],{"class":96},[45,74610,84],{"class":59},[45,74612,1049],{"class":96},[45,74614,84],{"class":59},[45,74616,1035],{"class":96},[45,74618,244],{"class":59},[45,74620,74621,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631,74633],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74622,223],{"class":59},[45,74624,1430],{"class":96},[45,74626,84],{"class":59},[45,74628,1035],{"class":96},[45,74630,84],{"class":59},[45,74632,1063],{"class":96},[45,74634,244],{"class":59},[20,74636,74637,74638,132],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74639,74640],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1398,74642,74644],{"id":74643},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74646,74647,74648,74651],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74649,74650],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[36,74653,74655],{"className":38,"code":74654,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74656,74657,74677,74693,74697,74707],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74660,3846],{"class":51},[45,74662,56],{"class":55},[45,74664,1427],{"class":59},[45,74666,2294],{"class":96},[45,74668,84],{"class":59},[45,74670,1049],{"class":96},[45,74672,84],{"class":59},[45,74674,1035],{"class":96},[45,74676,244],{"class":59},[45,74678,74679,74681,74683,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74680,716],{"class":51},[45,74682,56],{"class":55},[45,74684,4488],{"class":51},[45,74686,74129],{"class":59},[45,74688,2254],{"class":55},[45,74690,1430],{"class":96},[45,74692,244],{"class":59},[45,74694,74695],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74696,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74698,74699,74701,74703,74705],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74700,153],{"class":152},[45,74702,156],{"class":59},[45,74704,3876],{"class":135},[45,74706,161],{"class":59},[45,74708,74709,74711,74713,74715],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,74710,153],{"class":152},[45,74712,156],{"class":59},[45,74714,740],{"class":135},[45,74716,161],{"class":59},[20,74718,182],{},[36,74720,74722],{"className":38,"code":74721,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74723,74724,74740],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74725,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74727,223],{"class":59},[45,74729,2294],{"class":96},[45,74731,84],{"class":59},[45,74733,1049],{"class":96},[45,74735,84],{"class":59},[45,74737,1035],{"class":96},[45,74739,244],{"class":59},[45,74741,74742,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74743,223],{"class":59},[45,74745,1133],{"class":96},[45,74747,84],{"class":59},[45,74749,1049],{"class":96},[45,74751,84],{"class":59},[45,74753,1063],{"class":96},[45,74755,244],{"class":59},[1398,74757,74759],{"id":74758},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[258,74761,74762,74767,74772],{},[261,74763,1006,74764,74766],{},[15,74765,73528],{}," when you want to change the original list",[261,74768,1006,74769,74771],{},[15,74770,74650],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[261,74773,1006,74774,74776],{},[15,74775,74431],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74778,74779,74780,74786],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[277,74781,74783,74784,994],{"href":74782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74785,64318],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[31,74788,5185,74790],{"id":74789},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74791,73528],{},[20,74793,74794,74796],{},[15,74795,73528],{}," is a good choice:",[258,74798,74799,74802,74805],{},[261,74800,74801],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[261,74803,74804],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[261,74806,74807],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74809,74810,74811,132],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[277,74812,74814],{"href":74813},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[31,74816,3061],{"id":3060},[20,74818,74819,74820,74822],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74821,73528],{}," for these reasons:",[258,74824,74825,74829,74834,74839],{},[261,74826,12796,74827,12799],{},[15,74828,73528],{},[261,74830,8670,74831,74833],{},[15,74832,73528],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[261,74835,1797,74836,74838],{},[15,74837,73528],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[261,74840,37200,74841,8922,74843],{},[15,74842,73528],{},[15,74844,74845],{},"reversed()",[20,74847,74848],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[36,74850,74852],{"className":38,"code":74851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74853,74854,74866],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862,74864],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74857,34680],{"class":51},[45,74859,56],{"class":55},[45,74861,76],{"class":63},[45,74863,4073],{"class":67},[45,74865,468],{"class":63},[45,74867,74868,74870,74872,74874],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74869,34701],{"class":51},[45,74871,132],{"class":59},[45,74873,73584],{"class":135},[45,74875,139],{"class":59},[20,74877,74878,74879,1461],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74880,73528],{},[20,74882,74883],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[36,74885,74887],{"className":38,"code":74886,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74888,74889,74909,74913,74923,74937,74941,74955,74965,74969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74890,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901,74903,74905,74907],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74892,1422],{"class":51},[45,74894,56],{"class":55},[45,74896,1427],{"class":59},[45,74898,1430],{"class":96},[45,74900,84],{"class":59},[45,74902,1035],{"class":96},[45,74904,84],{"class":59},[45,74906,1063],{"class":96},[45,74908,244],{"class":59},[45,74910,74911],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,74912,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74914,74915,74917,74919,74921],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,74916,153],{"class":152},[45,74918,156],{"class":59},[45,74920,1449],{"class":135},[45,74922,161],{"class":59},[45,74924,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,74926,153],{"class":152},[45,74928,156],{"class":59},[45,74930,1478],{"class":171},[45,74932,156],{"class":59},[45,74934,1449],{"class":135},[45,74936,179],{"class":59},[45,74938,74939],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,74940,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,74944,716],{"class":51},[45,74946,56],{"class":55},[45,74948,8613],{"class":51},[45,74950,132],{"class":59},[45,74952,73584],{"class":135},[45,74954,139],{"class":59},[45,74956,74957,74959,74961,74963],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,74958,153],{"class":152},[45,74960,156],{"class":59},[45,74962,740],{"class":135},[45,74964,161],{"class":59},[45,74966,74967],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,74968,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,74970,74971,74973,74975,74977,74979,74981,74983],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,74972,153],{"class":152},[45,74974,156],{"class":59},[45,74976,1449],{"class":135},[45,74978,74129],{"class":59},[45,74980,2254],{"class":55},[45,74982,1430],{"class":96},[45,74984,218],{"class":59},[20,74986,182],{},[36,74988,74990],{"className":38,"code":74989,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74991,74992,75008,75022,75026],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,74993,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,74995,223],{"class":59},[45,74997,1430],{"class":96},[45,74999,84],{"class":59},[45,75001,1035],{"class":96},[45,75003,84],{"class":59},[45,75005,1063],{"class":96},[45,75007,244],{"class":59},[45,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75011,1594],{"class":55},[45,75013,1598],{"class":1597},[45,75015,211],{"class":63},[45,75017,172],{"class":67},[45,75019,198],{"class":63},[45,75021,1607],{"class":55},[45,75023,75024],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75025,12009],{"class":4080},[45,75027,75028,75030,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75029,223],{"class":59},[45,75031,1430],{"class":96},[45,75033,84],{"class":59},[45,75035,1035],{"class":96},[45,75037,84],{"class":59},[45,75039,1049],{"class":96},[45,75041,244],{"class":59},[20,75043,75044],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[36,75046,75048],{"className":38,"code":75047,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75049,75050,75070,75074,75084,75098,75102,75116,75126,75136],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75051,75052,75054,75056,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75053,1422],{"class":51},[45,75055,56],{"class":55},[45,75057,1427],{"class":59},[45,75059,1430],{"class":96},[45,75061,84],{"class":59},[45,75063,1035],{"class":96},[45,75065,84],{"class":59},[45,75067,1063],{"class":96},[45,75069,244],{"class":59},[45,75071,75072],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75073,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,75075,75076,75078,75080,75082],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75077,153],{"class":152},[45,75079,156],{"class":59},[45,75081,1449],{"class":135},[45,75083,161],{"class":59},[45,75085,75086,75088,75090,75092,75094,75096],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75087,153],{"class":152},[45,75089,156],{"class":59},[45,75091,1478],{"class":171},[45,75093,156],{"class":59},[45,75095,1449],{"class":135},[45,75097,179],{"class":59},[45,75099,75100],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,75101,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,75103,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112,75114],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,75105,716],{"class":51},[45,75107,56],{"class":55},[45,75109,8613],{"class":51},[45,75111,132],{"class":59},[45,75113,73584],{"class":135},[45,75115,139],{"class":59},[45,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,75119,153],{"class":152},[45,75121,156],{"class":59},[45,75123,740],{"class":135},[45,75125,161],{"class":59},[45,75127,75128,75130,75132,75134],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,75129,153],{"class":152},[45,75131,156],{"class":59},[45,75133,1449],{"class":135},[45,75135,161],{"class":59},[45,75137,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,75139,153],{"class":152},[45,75141,156],{"class":59},[45,75143,1449],{"class":135},[45,75145,74129],{"class":59},[45,75147,2254],{"class":55},[45,75149,1430],{"class":96},[45,75151,218],{"class":59},[20,75153,182],{},[36,75155,75157],{"className":38,"code":75156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75158,75159,75175,75189,75193,75209],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75160,75161,75163,75165,75167,75169,75171,75173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75162,223],{"class":59},[45,75164,1430],{"class":96},[45,75166,84],{"class":59},[45,75168,1035],{"class":96},[45,75170,84],{"class":59},[45,75172,1063],{"class":96},[45,75174,244],{"class":59},[45,75176,75177,75179,75181,75183,75185,75187],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75178,1594],{"class":55},[45,75180,1598],{"class":1597},[45,75182,211],{"class":63},[45,75184,172],{"class":67},[45,75186,198],{"class":63},[45,75188,1607],{"class":55},[45,75190,75191],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75192,12009],{"class":4080},[45,75194,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75196,223],{"class":59},[45,75198,2294],{"class":96},[45,75200,84],{"class":59},[45,75202,1035],{"class":96},[45,75204,84],{"class":59},[45,75206,1049],{"class":96},[45,75208,244],{"class":59},[45,75210,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,75212,223],{"class":59},[45,75214,1430],{"class":96},[45,75216,84],{"class":59},[45,75218,1035],{"class":96},[45,75220,84],{"class":59},[45,75222,1063],{"class":96},[45,75224,244],{"class":59},[20,75226,75227],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[258,75229,75230,75239,75248],{},[261,75231,27952,75232,75235,75236],{},[15,75233,75234],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75237,75238],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[261,75240,12117,75241,75244,75245,587],{},[15,75242,75243],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[355,75246,75247],{},"current",[261,75249,75250,75251],{},"So it prints ",[15,75252,75253],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[31,75255,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,75257,2062,75259,55473],{"id":75258},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75260,73533],{},[20,75262,62609,75263,132],{},[15,75264,4006],{},[1398,75266,2097,75268,2100,75270,2079],{"id":75267},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75269,73528],{},[15,75271,75272],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75274,75275,75277],{},[15,75276,73528],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75279,75280,75282],{},[15,75281,75272],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1398,75284,28485,75286,75288],{"id":75285},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75287,73528],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75290,46366,75291,75293],{},[15,75292,73528],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1398,75295,75297],{"id":75296},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75299,75300],{},"Use slicing:",[36,75302,75304],{"className":38,"code":75303,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75305,75306],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75309,1449],{"class":51},[45,75311,74129],{"class":59},[45,75313,2254],{"class":55},[45,75315,1430],{"class":96},[45,75317,244],{"class":59},[20,75319,75320],{},"Or use:",[36,75322,75324],{"className":38,"code":75323,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75325,75326],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75327,75328,75330,75332,75335,75337,75339],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75329,172],{"class":171},[45,75331,156],{"class":59},[45,75333,75334],{"class":152},"reversed",[45,75336,156],{"class":59},[45,75338,1449],{"class":135},[45,75340,179],{"class":59},[20,75342,75343,75344,75348],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[277,75345,55524,75346],{"href":54964},[15,75347,12978],{}," can also help.",[31,75350,2114],{"id":2113},[258,75352,75353,75359,75365,75369,75373],{},[261,75354,75355],{},[277,75356,55524,75357,994],{"href":74782},[15,75358,64318],{},[261,75360,75361],{},[277,75362,3802,75363,3735],{"href":74528},[15,75364,74431],{},[261,75366,75367],{},[277,75368,74814],{"href":74813},[261,75370,75371],{},[277,75372,74229],{"href":73546},[261,75374,75375],{},[277,75376,55524,75377,994],{"href":54964},[15,75378,12978],{},[2154,75380,75381],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":75383},[75384,75385,75387,75388,75389,75391,75392,75399,75401,75402,75411],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":73607,"depth":121,"text":75386},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":73966,"depth":121,"text":75390},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74232,"depth":121,"text":74233},{"id":74426,"depth":121,"text":75393,"children":75394},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75395,75396,75397,75398],{"id":73584,"depth":142,"text":73528},{"id":74521,"depth":142,"text":74431},{"id":74643,"depth":142,"text":74644},{"id":74758,"depth":142,"text":74759},{"id":74789,"depth":121,"text":75400},"When to use reverse()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":75403},[75404,75406,75408,75410],{"id":75258,"depth":142,"text":75405},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75267,"depth":142,"text":75407},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75285,"depth":142,"text":75409},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75296,"depth":142,"text":75297},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73520,"description":75412},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75419,"title":75420,"body":75421,"description":77854,"extension":2195,"meta":77855,"navigation":145,"path":77856,"seo":77857,"stem":77858,"__hash__":77859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75422,"toc":77822},[75423,75426,75438,75441,75464,75472,75474,75586,75595,75599,75602,75605,75692,75694,75727,75729,75752,75758,75762,75765,75787,75789,75806,75809,75829,75831,75941,75943,76020,76024,76027,76070,76072,76205,76207,76309,76314,76318,76321,76323,76337,76340,76454,76456,76530,76532,76560,76564,76569,76599,76602,76728,76730,76812,76818,76822,76824,76863,76872,76876,76879,76883,76930,76932,76940,76944,76995,76997,77010,77012,77026,77029,77037,77039,77086,77088,77096,77099,77142,77147,77150,77153,77176,77180,77231,77234,77255,77265,77269,77271,77301,77304,77327,77331,77334,77401,77403,77440,77443,77451,77518,77520,77557,77563,77570,77574,77577,77607,77612,77616,77619,77643,77646,77740,77750,77752,77756,77759,77763,77766,77771,77774,77780,77783,77785,77813,77819],[10,75424,75420],{"id":75425},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75427,75428,75429,2419,75431,17257,75434,75437],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75430,36067],{},[15,75432,75433],{},"stop",[15,75435,75436],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75439,75440],{},"The basic slice form is:",[36,75442,75444],{"className":38,"code":75443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75445,75446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75447,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75449,1449],{"class":51},[45,75451,223],{"class":59},[45,75453,36067],{"class":51},[45,75455,73],{"class":59},[45,75457,75433],{"class":51},[45,75459,73],{"class":59},[45,75461,75436],{"class":51},[45,75463,244],{"class":59},[20,75465,75466,75467,75469,75470,132],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75468,75433],{}," position is ",[355,75471,65076],{},[31,75473,34],{"id":33},[36,75475,75477],{"className":38,"code":75476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75478,75479,75507,75511,75532,75550,75567],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75480,75481,75483,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75503,75505],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75482,3846],{"class":51},[45,75484,56],{"class":55},[45,75486,1427],{"class":59},[45,75488,2560],{"class":96},[45,75490,84],{"class":59},[45,75492,97],{"class":96},[45,75494,84],{"class":59},[45,75496,8016],{"class":96},[45,75498,84],{"class":59},[45,75500,50846],{"class":96},[45,75502,84],{"class":59},[45,75504,5304],{"class":96},[45,75506,244],{"class":59},[45,75508,75509],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75510,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,75512,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75514,153],{"class":152},[45,75516,156],{"class":59},[45,75518,3876],{"class":135},[45,75520,223],{"class":59},[45,75522,1430],{"class":96},[45,75524,73],{"class":59},[45,75526,2734],{"class":96},[45,75528,20624],{"class":59},[45,75530,75531],{"class":1712},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[45,75533,75534,75536,75538,75540,75543,75545,75547],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75535,153],{"class":152},[45,75537,156],{"class":59},[45,75539,3876],{"class":135},[45,75541,75542],{"class":59},"[:",[45,75544,2294],{"class":96},[45,75546,20624],{"class":59},[45,75548,75549],{"class":1712},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[45,75551,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,75553,153],{"class":152},[45,75555,156],{"class":59},[45,75557,3876],{"class":135},[45,75559,74129],{"class":59},[45,75561,1133],{"class":96},[45,75563,20624],{"class":59},[45,75565,75566],{"class":1712},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[45,75568,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,75570,153],{"class":152},[45,75572,156],{"class":59},[45,75574,3876],{"class":135},[45,75576,74129],{"class":59},[45,75578,2254],{"class":55},[45,75580,1430],{"class":96},[45,75582,20624],{"class":59},[45,75584,75585],{"class":1712},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75587,1006,75588,75591,75592,75594],{},[15,75589,75590],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75593,75433],{}," value is not included.",[31,75596,75598],{"id":75597},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75600,75601],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75603,75604],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[36,75606,75608],{"className":38,"code":75607,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75609,75610,75658,75662,75681],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75611,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652,75654,75656],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75613,36085],{"class":51},[45,75615,56],{"class":55},[45,75617,1427],{"class":59},[45,75619,64],{"class":63},[45,75621,277],{"class":67},[45,75623,64],{"class":63},[45,75625,84],{"class":59},[45,75627,76],{"class":63},[45,75629,1930],{"class":67},[45,75631,64],{"class":63},[45,75633,84],{"class":59},[45,75635,76],{"class":63},[45,75637,9951],{"class":67},[45,75639,64],{"class":63},[45,75641,84],{"class":59},[45,75643,76],{"class":63},[45,75645,18946],{"class":67},[45,75647,64],{"class":63},[45,75649,84],{"class":59},[45,75651,76],{"class":63},[45,75653,60453],{"class":67},[45,75655,64],{"class":63},[45,75657,244],{"class":59},[45,75659,75660],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75661,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,75663,75664,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75665,75666],{"class":51},"part ",[45,75668,56],{"class":55},[45,75670,70103],{"class":51},[45,75672,223],{"class":59},[45,75674,1430],{"class":96},[45,75676,73],{"class":59},[45,75678,2734],{"class":96},[45,75680,244],{"class":59},[45,75682,75683,75685,75687,75690],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75684,153],{"class":152},[45,75686,156],{"class":59},[45,75688,75689],{"class":135},"part",[45,75691,161],{"class":59},[20,75693,182],{},[36,75695,75697],{"className":38,"code":75696,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75698,75699],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75700,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75702,223],{"class":59},[45,75704,198],{"class":63},[45,75706,1930],{"class":67},[45,75708,198],{"class":63},[45,75710,84],{"class":59},[45,75712,211],{"class":63},[45,75714,9951],{"class":67},[45,75716,198],{"class":63},[45,75718,84],{"class":59},[45,75720,211],{"class":63},[45,75722,18946],{"class":67},[45,75724,198],{"class":63},[45,75726,244],{"class":59},[20,75728,303],{},[258,75730,75731,75734,75737,75743,75749],{},[261,75732,75733],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[261,75735,75736],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[261,75738,75739,75740],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75741,75742],{},"list[start:stop]",[261,75744,75745,75746,75748],{},"The item at ",[15,75747,75433],{}," is not included",[261,75750,75751],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75753,75754,75755,132],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[277,75756,75757],{"href":50982},"beginner guide to Python lists",[31,75759,75761],{"id":75760},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75763,75764],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[36,75766,75767],{"className":38,"code":75443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,75768,75769],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75770,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75772,1449],{"class":51},[45,75774,223],{"class":59},[45,75776,36067],{"class":51},[45,75778,73],{"class":59},[45,75780,75433],{"class":51},[45,75782,73],{"class":59},[45,75784,75436],{"class":51},[45,75786,244],{"class":59},[20,75788,65052],{},[258,75790,75791,75796,75801],{},[261,75792,75793,75795],{},[15,75794,36067],{}," is where slicing begins",[261,75797,75798,75800],{},[15,75799,75433],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[261,75802,75803,75805],{},[15,75804,75436],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75807,75808],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[258,75810,75811,75817,75822],{},[261,75812,75813,75814,75816],{},"Missing ",[15,75815,36067],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[261,75818,75813,75819,75821],{},[15,75820,75433],{}," means go to the end of the list",[261,75823,75813,75824,75826,75827],{},[15,75825,75436],{}," means use ",[15,75828,1430],{},[20,75830,361],{},[36,75832,75834],{"className":38,"code":75833,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75835,75836,75864,75868,75889,75906,75924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75839,3846],{"class":51},[45,75841,56],{"class":55},[45,75843,1427],{"class":59},[45,75845,2560],{"class":96},[45,75847,84],{"class":59},[45,75849,97],{"class":96},[45,75851,84],{"class":59},[45,75853,8016],{"class":96},[45,75855,84],{"class":59},[45,75857,50846],{"class":96},[45,75859,84],{"class":59},[45,75861,5304],{"class":96},[45,75863,244],{"class":59},[45,75865,75866],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75867,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,75869,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75871,153],{"class":152},[45,75873,156],{"class":59},[45,75875,3876],{"class":135},[45,75877,223],{"class":59},[45,75879,1430],{"class":96},[45,75881,73],{"class":59},[45,75883,2734],{"class":96},[45,75885,20624],{"class":59},[45,75887,75888],{"class":1712},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[45,75890,75891,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75892,153],{"class":152},[45,75894,156],{"class":59},[45,75896,3876],{"class":135},[45,75898,75542],{"class":59},[45,75900,2294],{"class":96},[45,75902,20624],{"class":59},[45,75904,75905],{"class":1712},"    # start from the beginning\n",[45,75907,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75921],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,75909,153],{"class":152},[45,75911,156],{"class":59},[45,75913,3876],{"class":135},[45,75915,223],{"class":59},[45,75917,1133],{"class":96},[45,75919,75920],{"class":59},":])",[45,75922,75923],{"class":1712},"    # go to the end\n",[45,75925,75926,75928,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,75927,153],{"class":152},[45,75929,156],{"class":59},[45,75931,3876],{"class":135},[45,75933,74129],{"class":59},[45,75935,1430],{"class":96},[45,75937,20624],{"class":59},[45,75939,75940],{"class":1712},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75942,182],{},[36,75944,75946],{"className":38,"code":75945,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75947,75948,75964,75980,75996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,75949,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,75951,223],{"class":59},[45,75953,15948],{"class":96},[45,75955,84],{"class":59},[45,75957,8016],{"class":96},[45,75959,84],{"class":59},[45,75961,50846],{"class":96},[45,75963,244],{"class":59},[45,75965,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,75967,223],{"class":59},[45,75969,2560],{"class":96},[45,75971,84],{"class":59},[45,75973,97],{"class":96},[45,75975,84],{"class":59},[45,75977,8016],{"class":96},[45,75979,244],{"class":59},[45,75981,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,75983,223],{"class":59},[45,75985,36837],{"class":96},[45,75987,84],{"class":59},[45,75989,50846],{"class":96},[45,75991,84],{"class":59},[45,75993,5304],{"class":96},[45,75995,244],{"class":59},[45,75997,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016,76018],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,75999,223],{"class":59},[45,76001,2560],{"class":96},[45,76003,84],{"class":59},[45,76005,97],{"class":96},[45,76007,84],{"class":59},[45,76009,8016],{"class":96},[45,76011,84],{"class":59},[45,76013,50846],{"class":96},[45,76015,84],{"class":59},[45,76017,5304],{"class":96},[45,76019,244],{"class":59},[31,76021,76023],{"id":76022},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76025,76026],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[258,76028,76029,76038,76047,76058,76064],{},[261,76030,76031,76034,76035,6186],{},[15,76032,76033],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76036,76037],{},"n",[261,76039,76040,76043,76044,76046],{},[15,76041,76042],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76045,76037],{}," to the end",[261,76048,76049,76052,76053,76055,76056],{},[15,76050,76051],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76054,277],{}," up to ",[15,76057,1930],{},[261,76059,76060,76063],{},[15,76061,76062],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[261,76065,76066,76069],{},[15,76067,76068],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76071,361],{},[36,76073,76075],{"className":38,"code":76074,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76076,76077,76110,76114,76131,76148,76169,76186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76078,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76108],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76080,3846],{"class":51},[45,76082,56],{"class":55},[45,76084,1427],{"class":59},[45,76086,2560],{"class":96},[45,76088,84],{"class":59},[45,76090,97],{"class":96},[45,76092,84],{"class":59},[45,76094,8016],{"class":96},[45,76096,84],{"class":59},[45,76098,50846],{"class":96},[45,76100,84],{"class":59},[45,76102,5304],{"class":96},[45,76104,84],{"class":59},[45,76106,76107],{"class":96}," 60",[45,76109,244],{"class":59},[45,76111,76112],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76113,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,76115,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76117,153],{"class":152},[45,76119,156],{"class":59},[45,76121,3876],{"class":135},[45,76123,75542],{"class":59},[45,76125,2294],{"class":96},[45,76127,20624],{"class":59},[45,76129,76130],{"class":1712},"    # first 3 items\n",[45,76132,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,76134,153],{"class":152},[45,76136,156],{"class":59},[45,76138,3876],{"class":135},[45,76140,223],{"class":59},[45,76142,2294],{"class":96},[45,76144,75920],{"class":59},[45,76146,76147],{"class":1712},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[45,76149,76150,76152,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162,76164,76166],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,76151,153],{"class":152},[45,76153,156],{"class":59},[45,76155,3876],{"class":135},[45,76157,223],{"class":59},[45,76159,1430],{"class":96},[45,76161,73],{"class":59},[45,76163,2366],{"class":96},[45,76165,20624],{"class":59},[45,76167,76168],{"class":1712},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[45,76170,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179,76181,76183],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,76172,153],{"class":152},[45,76174,156],{"class":59},[45,76176,3876],{"class":135},[45,76178,74129],{"class":59},[45,76180,1133],{"class":96},[45,76182,20624],{"class":59},[45,76184,76185],{"class":1712},"   # every second item\n",[45,76187,76188,76190,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,76189,153],{"class":152},[45,76191,156],{"class":59},[45,76193,3876],{"class":135},[45,76195,74129],{"class":59},[45,76197,2254],{"class":55},[45,76199,1430],{"class":96},[45,76201,20624],{"class":59},[45,76203,76204],{"class":1712},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76206,182],{},[36,76208,76210],{"className":38,"code":76209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76211,76212,76228,76244,76264,76280],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76213,76214,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76215,223],{"class":59},[45,76217,2560],{"class":96},[45,76219,84],{"class":59},[45,76221,97],{"class":96},[45,76223,84],{"class":59},[45,76225,8016],{"class":96},[45,76227,244],{"class":59},[45,76229,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76231,223],{"class":59},[45,76233,56697],{"class":96},[45,76235,84],{"class":59},[45,76237,5304],{"class":96},[45,76239,84],{"class":59},[45,76241,76107],{"class":96},[45,76243,244],{"class":59},[45,76245,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76247,223],{"class":59},[45,76249,15948],{"class":96},[45,76251,84],{"class":59},[45,76253,8016],{"class":96},[45,76255,84],{"class":59},[45,76257,50846],{"class":96},[45,76259,84],{"class":59},[45,76261,5304],{"class":96},[45,76263,244],{"class":59},[45,76265,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,76267,223],{"class":59},[45,76269,2560],{"class":96},[45,76271,84],{"class":59},[45,76273,8016],{"class":96},[45,76275,84],{"class":59},[45,76277,5304],{"class":96},[45,76279,244],{"class":59},[45,76281,76282,76284,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,76283,223],{"class":59},[45,76285,76286],{"class":96},"60",[45,76288,84],{"class":59},[45,76290,5304],{"class":96},[45,76292,84],{"class":59},[45,76294,50846],{"class":96},[45,76296,84],{"class":59},[45,76298,8016],{"class":96},[45,76300,84],{"class":59},[45,76302,97],{"class":96},[45,76304,84],{"class":59},[45,76306,6225],{"class":96},[45,76308,244],{"class":59},[20,76310,76311,76312,132],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[277,76313,15081],{"href":57224},[31,76315,76317],{"id":76316},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76319,76320],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76322,5693],{},[258,76324,76325,76331],{},[261,76326,76327,76330],{},[15,76328,76329],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[261,76332,76333,76336],{},[15,76334,76335],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76338,76339],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[36,76341,76343],{"className":38,"code":76342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76344,76345,76393,76397,76416,76435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76346,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76348,36085],{"class":51},[45,76350,56],{"class":55},[45,76352,1427],{"class":59},[45,76354,64],{"class":63},[45,76356,277],{"class":67},[45,76358,64],{"class":63},[45,76360,84],{"class":59},[45,76362,76],{"class":63},[45,76364,1930],{"class":67},[45,76366,64],{"class":63},[45,76368,84],{"class":59},[45,76370,76],{"class":63},[45,76372,9951],{"class":67},[45,76374,64],{"class":63},[45,76376,84],{"class":59},[45,76378,76],{"class":63},[45,76380,18946],{"class":67},[45,76382,64],{"class":63},[45,76384,84],{"class":59},[45,76386,76],{"class":63},[45,76388,60453],{"class":67},[45,76390,64],{"class":63},[45,76392,244],{"class":59},[45,76394,76395],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76396,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,76398,76399,76401,76403,76405,76407,76409,76411,76413],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76400,153],{"class":152},[45,76402,156],{"class":59},[45,76404,36138],{"class":135},[45,76406,223],{"class":59},[45,76408,2254],{"class":55},[45,76410,1430],{"class":96},[45,76412,20624],{"class":59},[45,76414,76415],{"class":1712},"    # last item\n",[45,76417,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,76419,153],{"class":152},[45,76421,156],{"class":59},[45,76423,36138],{"class":135},[45,76425,223],{"class":59},[45,76427,2254],{"class":55},[45,76429,2294],{"class":96},[45,76431,75920],{"class":59},[45,76433,76434],{"class":1712},"   # last 3 items\n",[45,76436,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,76438,153],{"class":152},[45,76440,156],{"class":59},[45,76442,36138],{"class":135},[45,76444,75542],{"class":59},[45,76446,2254],{"class":55},[45,76448,1430],{"class":96},[45,76450,20624],{"class":59},[45,76452,76453],{"class":1712},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76455,182],{},[36,76457,76459],{"className":38,"code":76458,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76460,76461,76466,76494],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76462,76463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76464,76465],{"class":51},"e\n",[45,76467,76468,76470,76472,76474,76476,76478,76480,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76469,223],{"class":59},[45,76471,198],{"class":63},[45,76473,9951],{"class":67},[45,76475,198],{"class":63},[45,76477,84],{"class":59},[45,76479,211],{"class":63},[45,76481,18946],{"class":67},[45,76483,198],{"class":63},[45,76485,84],{"class":59},[45,76487,211],{"class":63},[45,76489,60453],{"class":67},[45,76491,198],{"class":63},[45,76493,244],{"class":59},[45,76495,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508,76510,76512,76514,76516,76518,76520,76522,76524,76526,76528],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76497,223],{"class":59},[45,76499,198],{"class":63},[45,76501,277],{"class":67},[45,76503,198],{"class":63},[45,76505,84],{"class":59},[45,76507,211],{"class":63},[45,76509,1930],{"class":67},[45,76511,198],{"class":63},[45,76513,84],{"class":59},[45,76515,211],{"class":63},[45,76517,9951],{"class":67},[45,76519,198],{"class":63},[45,76521,84],{"class":59},[45,76523,211],{"class":63},[45,76525,18946],{"class":67},[45,76527,198],{"class":63},[45,76529,244],{"class":59},[20,76531,303],{},[258,76533,76534,76537,76541,76547,76553],{},[261,76535,76536],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[261,76538,76539,76330],{},[15,76540,76329],{},[261,76542,76543,76546],{},[15,76544,76545],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[261,76548,76549,76552],{},[15,76550,76551],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[261,76554,76555,76556,329,76558],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76557,36067],{},[15,76559,75433],{},[31,76561,76563],{"id":76562},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76565,2212,76566,76568],{},[15,76567,75436],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[258,76570,76571,76574,76577,76582,76592],{},[261,76572,76573],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[261,76575,76576],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[261,76578,76579,76581],{},[15,76580,76068],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[261,76583,9093,76584,76586,76587,76589,76590],{},[15,76585,75436],{}," is negative, ",[15,76588,36067],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76591,75433],{},[261,76593,76594,76596,76597],{},[15,76595,75436],{}," cannot be ",[15,76598,1117],{},[20,76600,76601],{},"Example with different step values:",[36,76603,76605],{"className":38,"code":76604,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76606,76607,76639,76643,76660,76682,76701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76608,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76610,3846],{"class":51},[45,76612,56],{"class":55},[45,76614,1427],{"class":59},[45,76616,2560],{"class":96},[45,76618,84],{"class":59},[45,76620,97],{"class":96},[45,76622,84],{"class":59},[45,76624,8016],{"class":96},[45,76626,84],{"class":59},[45,76628,50846],{"class":96},[45,76630,84],{"class":59},[45,76632,5304],{"class":96},[45,76634,84],{"class":59},[45,76636,76107],{"class":96},[45,76638,244],{"class":59},[45,76640,76641],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76642,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,76644,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76646,153],{"class":152},[45,76648,156],{"class":59},[45,76650,3876],{"class":135},[45,76652,74129],{"class":59},[45,76654,1133],{"class":96},[45,76656,20624],{"class":59},[45,76658,76659],{"class":1712},"     # every second item\n",[45,76661,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76675,76677,76679],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,76663,153],{"class":152},[45,76665,156],{"class":59},[45,76667,3876],{"class":135},[45,76669,223],{"class":59},[45,76671,1430],{"class":96},[45,76673,76674],{"class":59},"::",[45,76676,1133],{"class":96},[45,76678,20624],{"class":59},[45,76680,76681],{"class":1712},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[45,76683,76684,76686,76688,76690,76692,76694,76696,76698],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,76685,153],{"class":152},[45,76687,156],{"class":59},[45,76689,3876],{"class":135},[45,76691,74129],{"class":59},[45,76693,2254],{"class":55},[45,76695,1430],{"class":96},[45,76697,20624],{"class":59},[45,76699,76700],{"class":1712},"    # reverse the list\n",[45,76702,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,76704,153],{"class":152},[45,76706,156],{"class":59},[45,76708,3876],{"class":135},[45,76710,223],{"class":59},[45,76712,2734],{"class":96},[45,76714,73],{"class":59},[45,76716,1430],{"class":96},[45,76718,73],{"class":59},[45,76720,2254],{"class":55},[45,76722,1430],{"class":96},[45,76724,20624],{"class":59},[45,76726,76727],{"class":1712},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76729,182],{},[36,76731,76733],{"className":38,"code":76732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76734,76735,76751,76767,76795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76736,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76738,223],{"class":59},[45,76740,2560],{"class":96},[45,76742,84],{"class":59},[45,76744,8016],{"class":96},[45,76746,84],{"class":59},[45,76748,5304],{"class":96},[45,76750,244],{"class":59},[45,76752,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76754,223],{"class":59},[45,76756,15948],{"class":96},[45,76758,84],{"class":59},[45,76760,50846],{"class":96},[45,76762,84],{"class":59},[45,76764,76107],{"class":96},[45,76766,244],{"class":59},[45,76768,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791,76793],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76770,223],{"class":59},[45,76772,76286],{"class":96},[45,76774,84],{"class":59},[45,76776,5304],{"class":96},[45,76778,84],{"class":59},[45,76780,50846],{"class":96},[45,76782,84],{"class":59},[45,76784,8016],{"class":96},[45,76786,84],{"class":59},[45,76788,97],{"class":96},[45,76790,84],{"class":59},[45,76792,6225],{"class":96},[45,76794,244],{"class":59},[45,76796,76797,76799,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,76798,223],{"class":59},[45,76800,76801],{"class":96},"50",[45,76803,84],{"class":59},[45,76805,50846],{"class":96},[45,76807,84],{"class":59},[45,76809,8016],{"class":96},[45,76811,244],{"class":59},[20,76813,76814,76815,132],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[277,76816,76817],{"href":74813},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1398,76819,76821],{"id":76820},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76823,3068],{},[36,76825,76827],{"className":38,"code":76826,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76828,76829,76849],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76830,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76832,3846],{"class":51},[45,76834,56],{"class":55},[45,76836,1427],{"class":59},[45,76838,1430],{"class":96},[45,76840,84],{"class":59},[45,76842,1035],{"class":96},[45,76844,84],{"class":59},[45,76846,1063],{"class":96},[45,76848,244],{"class":59},[45,76850,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76852,153],{"class":152},[45,76854,156],{"class":59},[45,76856,3876],{"class":135},[45,76858,74129],{"class":59},[45,76860,1117],{"class":96},[45,76862,218],{"class":59},[20,76864,76865,76866,76868,76869,76871],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76867,40702],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76870,1117],{}," does not make sense.",[31,76873,76875],{"id":76874},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76877,76878],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1398,76880,76882],{"id":76881},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[36,76884,76886],{"className":38,"code":76885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76887,76888,76912,76916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76889,76890,76892,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908,76910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76891,3846],{"class":51},[45,76893,56],{"class":55},[45,76895,1427],{"class":59},[45,76897,2560],{"class":96},[45,76899,84],{"class":59},[45,76901,97],{"class":96},[45,76903,84],{"class":59},[45,76905,8016],{"class":96},[45,76907,84],{"class":59},[45,76909,50846],{"class":96},[45,76911,244],{"class":59},[45,76913,76914],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76915,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,76917,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76919,153],{"class":152},[45,76921,156],{"class":59},[45,76923,3876],{"class":135},[45,76925,223],{"class":59},[45,76927,1133],{"class":96},[45,76929,218],{"class":59},[20,76931,182],{},[36,76933,76934],{"className":38,"code":69847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,76935,76936],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76937,76938],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76939,69847],{"class":96},[1398,76941,76943],{"id":76942},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[36,76945,76947],{"className":38,"code":76946,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76948,76949,76973,76977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,76950,76951,76953,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,76952,3846],{"class":51},[45,76954,56],{"class":55},[45,76956,1427],{"class":59},[45,76958,2560],{"class":96},[45,76960,84],{"class":59},[45,76962,97],{"class":96},[45,76964,84],{"class":59},[45,76966,8016],{"class":96},[45,76968,84],{"class":59},[45,76970,50846],{"class":96},[45,76972,244],{"class":59},[45,76974,76975],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,76976,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,76978,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,76980,153],{"class":152},[45,76982,156],{"class":59},[45,76984,3876],{"class":135},[45,76986,223],{"class":59},[45,76988,1133],{"class":96},[45,76990,73],{"class":59},[45,76992,2294],{"class":96},[45,76994,218],{"class":59},[20,76996,182],{},[36,76998,77000],{"className":38,"code":76999,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[30]\n",[15,77001,77002],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77003,77004,77006,77008],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77005,223],{"class":59},[45,77007,36837],{"class":96},[45,77009,244],{"class":59},[20,77011,13955],{},[258,77013,77014,77020],{},[261,77015,77016,77019],{},[15,77017,77018],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[261,77021,77022,77025],{},[15,77023,77024],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77027,77028],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[258,77030,77031,77034],{},[261,77032,77033],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[261,77035,77036],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77038,361],{},[36,77040,77042],{"className":38,"code":77041,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77043,77044,77064,77068],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77045,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77047,3846],{"class":51},[45,77049,56],{"class":55},[45,77051,1427],{"class":59},[45,77053,2560],{"class":96},[45,77055,84],{"class":59},[45,77057,97],{"class":96},[45,77059,84],{"class":59},[45,77061,8016],{"class":96},[45,77063,244],{"class":59},[45,77065,77066],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77067,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,77069,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078,77080,77082,77084],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,77071,153],{"class":152},[45,77073,156],{"class":59},[45,77075,3876],{"class":135},[45,77077,223],{"class":59},[45,77079,2366],{"class":96},[45,77081,73],{"class":59},[45,77083,2560],{"class":96},[45,77085,218],{"class":59},[20,77087,182],{},[36,77089,77090],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,77091,77092],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77093,77094],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77095,38294],{"class":59},[20,77097,77098],{},"But this would raise an error:",[36,77100,77102],{"className":38,"code":77101,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77103,77104,77124,77128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77105,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77107,3846],{"class":51},[45,77109,56],{"class":55},[45,77111,1427],{"class":59},[45,77113,2560],{"class":96},[45,77115,84],{"class":59},[45,77117,97],{"class":96},[45,77119,84],{"class":59},[45,77121,8016],{"class":96},[45,77123,244],{"class":59},[45,77125,77126],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77127,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,77129,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138,77140],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,77131,153],{"class":152},[45,77133,156],{"class":59},[45,77135,3876],{"class":135},[45,77137,223],{"class":59},[45,77139,2366],{"class":96},[45,77141,218],{"class":59},[20,77143,77144,77145,132],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[277,77146,69266],{"href":69265},[31,77148,15370],{"id":77149},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77151,77152],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[258,77154,77155,77159,77161,77164,77170],{},[261,77156,4928,77157,75748],{},[15,77158,75433],{},[261,77160,60698],{},[261,77162,77163],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[261,77165,37200,77166,8922,77168],{},[15,77167,76068],{},[15,77169,73533],{},[261,77171,77172,77173,77175],{},"Using step ",[15,77174,1117],{},", which causes an error",[1398,77177,77179],{"id":77178},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[36,77181,77183],{"className":38,"code":77182,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77184,77185,77213],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77186,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209,77211],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77188,3846],{"class":51},[45,77190,56],{"class":55},[45,77192,1427],{"class":59},[45,77194,2560],{"class":96},[45,77196,84],{"class":59},[45,77198,97],{"class":96},[45,77200,84],{"class":59},[45,77202,8016],{"class":96},[45,77204,84],{"class":59},[45,77206,50846],{"class":96},[45,77208,84],{"class":59},[45,77210,5304],{"class":96},[45,77212,244],{"class":59},[45,77214,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77216,153],{"class":152},[45,77218,156],{"class":59},[45,77220,3876],{"class":135},[45,77222,223],{"class":59},[45,77224,1430],{"class":96},[45,77226,73],{"class":59},[45,77228,2734],{"class":96},[45,77230,218],{"class":59},[20,77232,77233],{},"This returns:",[36,77235,77237],{"className":38,"code":77236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77238,77239],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77240,77241,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77242,223],{"class":59},[45,77244,15948],{"class":96},[45,77246,84],{"class":59},[45,77248,8016],{"class":96},[45,77250,84],{"class":59},[45,77252,50846],{"class":96},[45,77254,244],{"class":59},[20,77256,40904,77257,77259,77260,77262,77263,132],{},[355,77258,4854],{}," include ",[15,77261,76801],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77264,2734],{},[1398,77266,77268],{"id":77267},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77270,1412],{},[36,77272,77274],{"className":38,"code":77273,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77275,77276,77296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77277,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77279,3846],{"class":51},[45,77281,56],{"class":55},[45,77283,1427],{"class":59},[45,77285,2560],{"class":96},[45,77287,84],{"class":59},[45,77289,97],{"class":96},[45,77291,84],{"class":59},[45,77293,8016],{"class":96},[45,77295,244],{"class":59},[45,77297,77298],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77299,77300],{"class":1712},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77302,77303],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[36,77305,77307],{"className":38,"code":77306,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77308,77309],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77310,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77312,153],{"class":152},[45,77314,156],{"class":59},[45,77316,3876],{"class":135},[45,77318,223],{"class":59},[45,77320,1430],{"class":96},[45,77322,73],{"class":59},[45,77324,2294],{"class":96},[45,77326,218],{"class":59},[1398,77328,77330],{"id":77329},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77332,77333],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[36,77335,77337],{"className":38,"code":77336,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77338,77339,77363,77377,77381,77391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77340,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357,77359,77361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77342,3846],{"class":51},[45,77344,56],{"class":55},[45,77346,1427],{"class":59},[45,77348,2560],{"class":96},[45,77350,84],{"class":59},[45,77352,97],{"class":96},[45,77354,84],{"class":59},[45,77356,8016],{"class":96},[45,77358,84],{"class":59},[45,77360,50846],{"class":96},[45,77362,244],{"class":59},[45,77364,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77366,75666],{"class":51},[45,77368,56],{"class":55},[45,77370,4488],{"class":51},[45,77372,75542],{"class":59},[45,77374,1133],{"class":96},[45,77376,244],{"class":59},[45,77378,77379],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,77380,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,77382,77383,77385,77387,77389],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,77384,153],{"class":152},[45,77386,156],{"class":59},[45,77388,75689],{"class":135},[45,77390,161],{"class":59},[45,77392,77393,77395,77397,77399],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,77394,153],{"class":152},[45,77396,156],{"class":59},[45,77398,3876],{"class":135},[45,77400,161],{"class":59},[20,77402,182],{},[36,77404,77406],{"className":38,"code":77405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77407,77408,77420],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77409,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77411,223],{"class":59},[45,77413,2560],{"class":96},[45,77415,84],{"class":59},[45,77417,97],{"class":96},[45,77419,244],{"class":59},[45,77421,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77423,223],{"class":59},[45,77425,2560],{"class":96},[45,77427,84],{"class":59},[45,77429,97],{"class":96},[45,77431,84],{"class":59},[45,77433,8016],{"class":96},[45,77435,84],{"class":59},[45,77437,50846],{"class":96},[45,77439,244],{"class":59},[20,77441,77442],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1398,77444,77446,77447,8922,77449],{"id":77445},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77448,76068],{},[15,77450,73533],{},[36,77452,77454],{"className":38,"code":77453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77455,77456,77476,77480,77497,77508],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77457,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77459,3846],{"class":51},[45,77461,56],{"class":55},[45,77463,1427],{"class":59},[45,77465,2560],{"class":96},[45,77467,84],{"class":59},[45,77469,97],{"class":96},[45,77471,84],{"class":59},[45,77473,8016],{"class":96},[45,77475,244],{"class":59},[45,77477,77478],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77479,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,77481,77482,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,77483,77484],{"class":51},"reversed_copy ",[45,77486,56],{"class":55},[45,77488,4488],{"class":51},[45,77490,74129],{"class":59},[45,77492,2254],{"class":55},[45,77494,1430],{"class":96},[45,77496,244],{"class":59},[45,77498,77499,77501,77503,77506],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,77500,153],{"class":152},[45,77502,156],{"class":59},[45,77504,77505],{"class":135},"reversed_copy",[45,77507,161],{"class":59},[45,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,77511,153],{"class":152},[45,77513,156],{"class":59},[45,77515,3876],{"class":135},[45,77517,161],{"class":59},[20,77519,182],{},[36,77521,77523],{"className":38,"code":77522,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77524,77525,77541],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77526,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537,77539],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77528,223],{"class":59},[45,77530,36837],{"class":96},[45,77532,84],{"class":59},[45,77534,97],{"class":96},[45,77536,84],{"class":59},[45,77538,6225],{"class":96},[45,77540,244],{"class":59},[45,77542,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77544,223],{"class":59},[45,77546,2560],{"class":96},[45,77548,84],{"class":59},[45,77550,97],{"class":96},[45,77552,84],{"class":59},[45,77554,8016],{"class":96},[45,77556,244],{"class":59},[20,77558,77559,77562],{},[15,77560,77561],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77564,77565,77566,77569],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77567,77568],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1398,77571,77573],{"id":77572},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77575,77576],{},"This is not allowed:",[36,77578,77580],{"className":38,"code":77579,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77581,77582,77602],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77583,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598,77600],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77585,3846],{"class":51},[45,77587,56],{"class":55},[45,77589,1427],{"class":59},[45,77591,2560],{"class":96},[45,77593,84],{"class":59},[45,77595,97],{"class":96},[45,77597,84],{"class":59},[45,77599,8016],{"class":96},[45,77601,244],{"class":59},[45,77603,77604],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77605,77606],{"class":1712},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77608,77609,77610,132],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77611,40702],{},[31,77613,77615],{"id":77614},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77617,77618],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[258,77620,77621,77628,77634,77637,77640],{},[261,77622,37200,77623,329,77625,77627],{},[15,77624,36067],{},[15,77626,75433],{}," positions",[261,77629,77630,77631,77633],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77632,75433],{}," index is included",[261,77635,77636],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[261,77638,77639],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[261,77641,77642],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77644,77645],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[36,77647,77649],{"className":38,"code":77648,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77650,77651,77661,77675,77693,77707,77724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77652,77653,77655,77657,77659],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77654,153],{"class":152},[45,77656,156],{"class":59},[45,77658,1449],{"class":135},[45,77660,161],{"class":59},[45,77662,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77664,153],{"class":152},[45,77666,156],{"class":59},[45,77668,11369],{"class":152},[45,77670,156],{"class":59},[45,77672,1449],{"class":135},[45,77674,179],{"class":59},[45,77676,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685,77687,77689,77691],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,77678,153],{"class":152},[45,77680,156],{"class":59},[45,77682,1449],{"class":135},[45,77684,223],{"class":59},[45,77686,1430],{"class":96},[45,77688,73],{"class":59},[45,77690,2734],{"class":96},[45,77692,218],{"class":59},[45,77694,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,77696,153],{"class":152},[45,77698,156],{"class":59},[45,77700,1449],{"class":135},[45,77702,75542],{"class":59},[45,77704,2294],{"class":96},[45,77706,218],{"class":59},[45,77708,77709,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,77710,153],{"class":152},[45,77712,156],{"class":59},[45,77714,1449],{"class":135},[45,77716,223],{"class":59},[45,77718,2254],{"class":55},[45,77720,2294],{"class":96},[45,77722,77723],{"class":59},":])\n",[45,77725,77726,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,77727,153],{"class":152},[45,77729,156],{"class":59},[45,77731,1449],{"class":135},[45,77733,74129],{"class":59},[45,77735,2254],{"class":55},[45,77737,1430],{"class":96},[45,77739,218],{"class":59},[20,77741,1797,77742,77744,77745,77749],{},[15,77743,42360],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[277,77746,77748],{"href":77747},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[31,77751,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,77753,77755],{"id":77754},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77757,77758],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1398,77760,77762],{"id":77761},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77764,77765],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1398,77767,2049,77769,39958],{"id":77768},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77770,76068],{},[20,77772,77773],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1398,77775,77777,77778,2079],{"id":77776},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77779,70738],{},[20,77781,77782],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[31,77784,2114],{"id":2113},[258,77786,77787,77792,77797,77801,77805,77809],{},[261,77788,77789],{},[277,77790,77791],{"href":50982},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[261,77793,77794],{},[277,77795,77796],{"href":57158},"How to create a list in Python",[261,77798,77799],{},[277,77800,15158],{"href":57224},[261,77802,77803],{},[277,77804,74814],{"href":74813},[261,77806,77807],{},[277,77808,77748],{"href":77747},[261,77810,77811],{},[277,77812,69266],{"href":69265},[20,77814,77815,77816,77818],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77817,42360],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2154,77820,77821],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":77823},[77824,77825,77826,77827,77828,77829,77832,77836,77844,77845,77853],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":75597,"depth":121,"text":75598},{"id":75760,"depth":121,"text":75761},{"id":76022,"depth":121,"text":76023},{"id":76316,"depth":121,"text":76317},{"id":76562,"depth":121,"text":76563,"children":77830},[77831],{"id":76820,"depth":142,"text":76821},{"id":76874,"depth":121,"text":76875,"children":77833},[77834,77835],{"id":76881,"depth":142,"text":76882},{"id":76942,"depth":142,"text":76943},{"id":77149,"depth":121,"text":15370,"children":77837},[77838,77839,77840,77841,77843],{"id":77178,"depth":142,"text":77179},{"id":77267,"depth":142,"text":77268},{"id":77329,"depth":142,"text":77330},{"id":77445,"depth":142,"text":77842},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77572,"depth":142,"text":77573},{"id":77614,"depth":121,"text":77615},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":77846},[77847,77848,77849,77851],{"id":77754,"depth":142,"text":77755},{"id":77761,"depth":142,"text":77762},{"id":77768,"depth":142,"text":77850},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77776,"depth":142,"text":77852},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75420,"description":77854},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77861,"title":77862,"body":77863,"description":79932,"extension":2195,"meta":79933,"navigation":145,"path":79934,"seo":79935,"stem":79936,"__hash__":79937},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77864,"toc":79898},[77865,77870,77876,77882,77884,77931,77938,77943,77947,77962,77965,78018,78020,78045,78050,78052,78084,78087,78103,78105,78166,78168,78193,78197,78202,78255,78257,78282,78287,78348,78350,78375,78378,78385,78389,78392,78453,78455,78488,78491,78552,78554,78587,78593,78666,78668,78700,78707,78712,78717,78719,78731,78734,78812,78814,78855,78858,78932,78934,78967,78972,78979,78986,78990,78999,79003,79011,79013,79080,79082,79118,79123,79134,79136,79141,79146,79148,79211,79213,79238,79245,79250,79254,79257,79297,79302,79308,79313,79315,79342,79347,79350,79397,79399,79456,79463,79468,79474,79543,79547,79550,79613,79615,79648,79653,79655,79658,79739,79741,79765,79771,79773,79778,79782,79789,79797,79801,79803,79826,79830,79832,79859,79862,79869,79872,79874,79895],[10,77866,54346,77868,18],{"id":77867},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77869,64318],{},[20,77871,77872,77875],{},[15,77873,77874],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77877,77878,77879,77881],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77880,64318],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[31,77883,34],{"id":33},[36,77885,77887],{"className":38,"code":77886,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77888,77889,77909,77919],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77890,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77892,3846],{"class":51},[45,77894,56],{"class":55},[45,77896,1427],{"class":59},[45,77898,2294],{"class":96},[45,77900,84],{"class":59},[45,77902,1049],{"class":96},[45,77904,84],{"class":59},[45,77906,1035],{"class":96},[45,77908,244],{"class":59},[45,77910,77911,77913,77915,77917],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77912,3876],{"class":51},[45,77914,132],{"class":59},[45,77916,34792],{"class":135},[45,77918,139],{"class":59},[45,77920,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,77922,153],{"class":152},[45,77924,156],{"class":59},[45,77926,3876],{"class":135},[45,77928,3889],{"class":59},[45,77930,54936],{"class":1712},[20,77932,1006,77933,77935,77936,132],{},[15,77934,77874],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77937,4006],{},[31,77939,253,77941,256],{"id":77940},"what-listsort-does",[15,77942,77874],{},[20,77944,77945,73],{},[15,77946,77874],{},[258,77948,77949,77952,77955,77959],{},[261,77950,77951],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[261,77953,77954],{},"Changes the original list",[261,77956,11629,77957],{},[15,77958,4006],{},[261,77960,77961],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77963,77964],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[36,77966,77968],{"className":38,"code":77967,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77969,77970,77994,78004,78008],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,77971,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,77973,3846],{"class":51},[45,77975,56],{"class":55},[45,77977,1427],{"class":59},[45,77979,2366],{"class":96},[45,77981,84],{"class":59},[45,77983,1035],{"class":96},[45,77985,84],{"class":59},[45,77987,54140],{"class":96},[45,77989,84],{"class":59},[45,77991,1049],{"class":96},[45,77993,244],{"class":59},[45,77995,77996,77998,78000,78002],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,77997,3876],{"class":51},[45,77999,132],{"class":59},[45,78001,34792],{"class":135},[45,78003,139],{"class":59},[45,78005,78006],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78007,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78009,78010,78012,78014,78016],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78011,153],{"class":152},[45,78013,156],{"class":59},[45,78015,3876],{"class":135},[45,78017,161],{"class":59},[20,78019,182],{},[36,78021,78023],{"className":38,"code":78022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78024,78025],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78026,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78028,223],{"class":59},[45,78030,1430],{"class":96},[45,78032,84],{"class":59},[45,78034,1035],{"class":96},[45,78036,84],{"class":59},[45,78038,4828],{"class":96},[45,78040,84],{"class":59},[45,78042,54140],{"class":96},[45,78044,244],{"class":59},[20,78046,78047,78048,132],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[277,78049,67084],{"href":50982},[31,78051,284],{"id":283},[36,78053,78055],{"className":38,"code":78054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78056,78057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78058,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075,78078,78080,78082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78060,1449],{"class":51},[45,78062,132],{"class":59},[45,78064,34792],{"class":135},[45,78066,156],{"class":59},[45,78068,15034],{"class":9393},[45,78070,56],{"class":55},[45,78072,4006],{"class":4080},[45,78074,84],{"class":59},[45,78076,78077],{"class":9393}," reverse",[45,78079,56],{"class":55},[45,78081,3902],{"class":4080},[45,78083,161],{"class":59},[20,78085,78086],{},"Main arguments:",[258,78088,78089,78094,78100],{},[261,78090,78091,78093],{},[15,78092,15034],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[261,78095,78096,78099],{},[15,78097,78098],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[261,78101,78102],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78104,361],{},[36,78106,78108],{"className":38,"code":78107,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78109,78110,78134,78152,78156],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78111,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78113,3846],{"class":51},[45,78115,56],{"class":55},[45,78117,1427],{"class":59},[45,78119,2734],{"class":96},[45,78121,84],{"class":59},[45,78123,1049],{"class":96},[45,78125,84],{"class":59},[45,78127,6214],{"class":96},[45,78129,84],{"class":59},[45,78131,1035],{"class":96},[45,78133,244],{"class":59},[45,78135,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78137,3876],{"class":51},[45,78139,132],{"class":59},[45,78141,34792],{"class":135},[45,78143,156],{"class":59},[45,78145,73584],{"class":9393},[45,78147,56],{"class":55},[45,78149,3831],{"class":4080},[45,78151,161],{"class":59},[45,78153,78154],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78155,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78157,78158,78160,78162,78164],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78159,153],{"class":152},[45,78161,156],{"class":59},[45,78163,3876],{"class":135},[45,78165,161],{"class":59},[20,78167,182],{},[36,78169,78171],{"className":38,"code":78170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78172,78173],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78174,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78176,223],{"class":59},[45,78178,2257],{"class":96},[45,78180,84],{"class":59},[45,78182,2687],{"class":96},[45,78184,84],{"class":59},[45,78186,1035],{"class":96},[45,78188,84],{"class":59},[45,78190,1049],{"class":96},[45,78192,244],{"class":59},[31,78194,78196],{"id":78195},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78198,1006,78199,78201],{},[15,78200,64318],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[36,78203,78205],{"className":38,"code":78204,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78206,78207,78231,78241,78245],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78210,3846],{"class":51},[45,78212,56],{"class":55},[45,78214,1427],{"class":59},[45,78216,2560],{"class":96},[45,78218,84],{"class":59},[45,78220,1063],{"class":96},[45,78222,84],{"class":59},[45,78224,6580],{"class":96},[45,78226,84],{"class":59},[45,78228,1049],{"class":96},[45,78230,244],{"class":59},[45,78232,78233,78235,78237,78239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78234,3876],{"class":51},[45,78236,132],{"class":59},[45,78238,34792],{"class":135},[45,78240,139],{"class":59},[45,78242,78243],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78244,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78246,78247,78249,78251,78253],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78248,153],{"class":152},[45,78250,156],{"class":59},[45,78252,3876],{"class":135},[45,78254,161],{"class":59},[20,78256,182],{},[36,78258,78260],{"className":38,"code":78259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78261,78262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78263,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278,78280],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78265,223],{"class":59},[45,78267,1430],{"class":96},[45,78269,84],{"class":59},[45,78271,1063],{"class":96},[45,78273,84],{"class":59},[45,78275,6580],{"class":96},[45,78277,84],{"class":59},[45,78279,6225],{"class":96},[45,78281,244],{"class":59},[20,78283,1006,78284,78286],{},[15,78285,78098],{}," for descending order:",[36,78288,78290],{"className":38,"code":78289,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78291,78292,78316,78334,78338],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78293,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78295,3846],{"class":51},[45,78297,56],{"class":55},[45,78299,1427],{"class":59},[45,78301,2560],{"class":96},[45,78303,84],{"class":59},[45,78305,1063],{"class":96},[45,78307,84],{"class":59},[45,78309,6580],{"class":96},[45,78311,84],{"class":59},[45,78313,1049],{"class":96},[45,78315,244],{"class":59},[45,78317,78318,78320,78322,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78319,3876],{"class":51},[45,78321,132],{"class":59},[45,78323,34792],{"class":135},[45,78325,156],{"class":59},[45,78327,73584],{"class":9393},[45,78329,56],{"class":55},[45,78331,3831],{"class":4080},[45,78333,161],{"class":59},[45,78335,78336],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78337,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78339,78340,78342,78344,78346],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78341,153],{"class":152},[45,78343,156],{"class":59},[45,78345,3876],{"class":135},[45,78347,161],{"class":59},[20,78349,182],{},[36,78351,78353],{"className":38,"code":78352,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78354,78355],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78356,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78358,223],{"class":59},[45,78360,2560],{"class":96},[45,78362,84],{"class":59},[45,78364,6580],{"class":96},[45,78366,84],{"class":59},[45,78368,1063],{"class":96},[45,78370,84],{"class":59},[45,78372,1049],{"class":96},[45,78374,244],{"class":59},[20,78376,78377],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78379,78380,78381,132],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[277,78382,78384],{"href":78383},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[31,78386,78388],{"id":78387},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78390,78391],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[36,78393,78395],{"className":38,"code":78394,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78396,78397,78429,78439,78443],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78398,78399,78401,78403,78405,78407,78409,78411,78413,78415,78417,78419,78421,78423,78425,78427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78400,4296],{"class":51},[45,78402,56],{"class":55},[45,78404,1427],{"class":59},[45,78406,64],{"class":63},[45,78408,1042],{"class":67},[45,78410,64],{"class":63},[45,78412,84],{"class":59},[45,78414,76],{"class":63},[45,78416,1028],{"class":67},[45,78418,64],{"class":63},[45,78420,84],{"class":59},[45,78422,76],{"class":63},[45,78424,4321],{"class":67},[45,78426,64],{"class":63},[45,78428,244],{"class":59},[45,78430,78431,78433,78435,78437],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78432,4338],{"class":51},[45,78434,132],{"class":59},[45,78436,34792],{"class":135},[45,78438,139],{"class":59},[45,78440,78441],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78442,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78444,78445,78447,78449,78451],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78446,153],{"class":152},[45,78448,156],{"class":59},[45,78450,4338],{"class":135},[45,78452,161],{"class":59},[20,78454,182],{},[36,78456,78458],{"className":38,"code":78457,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78459,78460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78461,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78463,223],{"class":59},[45,78465,198],{"class":63},[45,78467,1028],{"class":67},[45,78469,198],{"class":63},[45,78471,84],{"class":59},[45,78473,211],{"class":63},[45,78475,1042],{"class":67},[45,78477,198],{"class":63},[45,78479,84],{"class":59},[45,78481,211],{"class":63},[45,78483,4321],{"class":67},[45,78485,198],{"class":63},[45,78487,244],{"class":59},[20,78489,78490],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[36,78492,78494],{"className":38,"code":78493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78495,78496,78528,78538,78542],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78497,78498,78500,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520,78522,78524,78526],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78499,4296],{"class":51},[45,78501,56],{"class":55},[45,78503,1427],{"class":59},[45,78505,64],{"class":63},[45,78507,1042],{"class":67},[45,78509,64],{"class":63},[45,78511,84],{"class":59},[45,78513,76],{"class":63},[45,78515,57773],{"class":67},[45,78517,64],{"class":63},[45,78519,84],{"class":59},[45,78521,76],{"class":63},[45,78523,4321],{"class":67},[45,78525,64],{"class":63},[45,78527,244],{"class":59},[45,78529,78530,78532,78534,78536],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78531,4338],{"class":51},[45,78533,132],{"class":59},[45,78535,34792],{"class":135},[45,78537,139],{"class":59},[45,78539,78540],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78541,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78543,78544,78546,78548,78550],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78545,153],{"class":152},[45,78547,156],{"class":59},[45,78549,4338],{"class":135},[45,78551,161],{"class":59},[20,78553,182],{},[36,78555,78557],{"className":38,"code":78556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78558,78559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78560,78561,78563,78565,78567,78569,78571,78573,78575,78577,78579,78581,78583,78585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78562,223],{"class":59},[45,78564,198],{"class":63},[45,78566,57773],{"class":67},[45,78568,198],{"class":63},[45,78570,84],{"class":59},[45,78572,211],{"class":63},[45,78574,1042],{"class":67},[45,78576,198],{"class":63},[45,78578,84],{"class":59},[45,78580,211],{"class":63},[45,78582,4321],{"class":67},[45,78584,198],{"class":63},[45,78586,244],{"class":59},[20,78588,78589,78590,73],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78591,78592],{},"key=str.lower",[36,78594,78596],{"className":38,"code":78595,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78597,78598,78630,78652,78656],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78599,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78601,4296],{"class":51},[45,78603,56],{"class":55},[45,78605,1427],{"class":59},[45,78607,64],{"class":63},[45,78609,1042],{"class":67},[45,78611,64],{"class":63},[45,78613,84],{"class":59},[45,78615,76],{"class":63},[45,78617,57773],{"class":67},[45,78619,64],{"class":63},[45,78621,84],{"class":59},[45,78623,76],{"class":63},[45,78625,4321],{"class":67},[45,78627,64],{"class":63},[45,78629,244],{"class":59},[45,78631,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78633,4338],{"class":51},[45,78635,132],{"class":59},[45,78637,34792],{"class":135},[45,78639,156],{"class":59},[45,78641,15034],{"class":9393},[45,78643,56],{"class":55},[45,78645,3669],{"class":171},[45,78647,132],{"class":59},[45,78649,8858],{"class":1863},[45,78651,161],{"class":59},[45,78653,78654],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78655,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78657,78658,78660,78662,78664],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78659,153],{"class":152},[45,78661,156],{"class":59},[45,78663,4338],{"class":135},[45,78665,161],{"class":59},[20,78667,182],{},[36,78669,78670],{"className":38,"code":78556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,78671,78672],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694,78696,78698],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78675,223],{"class":59},[45,78677,198],{"class":63},[45,78679,57773],{"class":67},[45,78681,198],{"class":63},[45,78683,84],{"class":59},[45,78685,211],{"class":63},[45,78687,1042],{"class":67},[45,78689,198],{"class":63},[45,78691,84],{"class":59},[45,78693,211],{"class":63},[45,78695,4321],{"class":67},[45,78697,198],{"class":63},[45,78699,244],{"class":59},[20,78701,78702,78703,78706],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78704,78705],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[31,78708,36608,78710,36611],{"id":78709},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78711,15034],{},[20,78713,2212,78714,78716],{},[15,78715,15034],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78718,7564],{},[258,78720,78721,78726],{},[261,78722,78723,78725],{},[15,78724,11369],{}," to sort by length",[261,78727,78728,78730],{},[15,78729,78705],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78732,78733],{},"Sort words by length:",[36,78735,78737],{"className":38,"code":78736,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78738,78739,78780,78798,78802],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78740,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78742,4296],{"class":51},[45,78744,56],{"class":55},[45,78746,1427],{"class":59},[45,78748,64],{"class":63},[45,78750,78751],{"class":67},"pear",[45,78753,64],{"class":63},[45,78755,84],{"class":59},[45,78757,76],{"class":63},[45,78759,1042],{"class":67},[45,78761,64],{"class":63},[45,78763,84],{"class":59},[45,78765,76],{"class":63},[45,78767,38355],{"class":67},[45,78769,64],{"class":63},[45,78771,84],{"class":59},[45,78773,76],{"class":63},[45,78775,1028],{"class":67},[45,78777,64],{"class":63},[45,78779,244],{"class":59},[45,78781,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78783,4338],{"class":51},[45,78785,132],{"class":59},[45,78787,34792],{"class":135},[45,78789,156],{"class":59},[45,78791,15034],{"class":9393},[45,78793,56],{"class":55},[45,78795,11369],{"class":152},[45,78797,161],{"class":59},[45,78799,78800],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78801,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78803,78804,78806,78808,78810],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78805,153],{"class":152},[45,78807,156],{"class":59},[45,78809,4338],{"class":135},[45,78811,161],{"class":59},[20,78813,182],{},[36,78815,78817],{"className":38,"code":78816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78818,78819],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78820,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78822,223],{"class":59},[45,78824,198],{"class":63},[45,78826,38355],{"class":67},[45,78828,198],{"class":63},[45,78830,84],{"class":59},[45,78832,211],{"class":63},[45,78834,78751],{"class":67},[45,78836,198],{"class":63},[45,78838,84],{"class":59},[45,78840,211],{"class":63},[45,78842,1028],{"class":67},[45,78844,198],{"class":63},[45,78846,84],{"class":59},[45,78848,211],{"class":63},[45,78850,1042],{"class":67},[45,78852,198],{"class":63},[45,78854,244],{"class":59},[20,78856,78857],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[36,78859,78861],{"className":38,"code":78860,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78862,78863,78896,78918,78922],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78864,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78887,78889,78892,78894],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78866,4296],{"class":51},[45,78868,56],{"class":55},[45,78870,1427],{"class":59},[45,78872,64],{"class":63},[45,78874,5237],{"class":67},[45,78876,64],{"class":63},[45,78878,84],{"class":59},[45,78880,76],{"class":63},[45,78882,17984],{"class":67},[45,78884,64],{"class":63},[45,78886,84],{"class":59},[45,78888,76],{"class":63},[45,78890,78891],{"class":67},"Carol",[45,78893,64],{"class":63},[45,78895,244],{"class":59},[45,78897,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,78899,4338],{"class":51},[45,78901,132],{"class":59},[45,78903,34792],{"class":135},[45,78905,156],{"class":59},[45,78907,15034],{"class":9393},[45,78909,56],{"class":55},[45,78911,3669],{"class":171},[45,78913,132],{"class":59},[45,78915,8858],{"class":1863},[45,78917,161],{"class":59},[45,78919,78920],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,78921,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,78923,78924,78926,78928,78930],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,78925,153],{"class":152},[45,78927,156],{"class":59},[45,78929,4338],{"class":135},[45,78931,161],{"class":59},[20,78933,182],{},[36,78935,78937],{"className":38,"code":78936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78938,78939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,78940,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,78942,223],{"class":59},[45,78944,198],{"class":63},[45,78946,17984],{"class":67},[45,78948,198],{"class":63},[45,78950,84],{"class":59},[45,78952,211],{"class":63},[45,78954,5237],{"class":67},[45,78956,198],{"class":63},[45,78958,84],{"class":59},[45,78960,211],{"class":63},[45,78962,78891],{"class":67},[45,78964,198],{"class":63},[45,78966,244],{"class":59},[20,78968,2212,78969,78971],{},[15,78970,15034],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[31,78973,78975,1174,78977],{"id":78974},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78976,77874],{},[15,78978,74431],{},[20,78980,78981,329,78983,78985],{},[15,78982,77874],{},[15,78984,74431],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78987,78988,73],{},[15,78989,77874],{},[258,78991,78992,78995],{},[261,78993,78994],{},"Changes the existing list",[261,78996,11629,78997],{},[15,78998,4006],{},[20,79000,79001,73],{},[15,79002,74431],{},[258,79004,79005,79008],{},[261,79006,79007],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[261,79009,79010],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79012,361],{},[36,79014,79016],{"className":38,"code":79015,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79017,79018,79038,79042,79056,79060,79070],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79019,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79021,3846],{"class":51},[45,79023,56],{"class":55},[45,79025,1427],{"class":59},[45,79027,2294],{"class":96},[45,79029,84],{"class":59},[45,79031,1049],{"class":96},[45,79033,84],{"class":59},[45,79035,1035],{"class":96},[45,79037,244],{"class":59},[45,79039,79040],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79041,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,79043,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,79045,55894],{"class":51},[45,79047,56],{"class":55},[45,79049,74565],{"class":152},[45,79051,156],{"class":59},[45,79053,3876],{"class":135},[45,79055,161],{"class":59},[45,79057,79058],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,79059,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,79061,79062,79064,79066,79068],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,79063,153],{"class":152},[45,79065,156],{"class":59},[45,79067,3876],{"class":135},[45,79069,161],{"class":59},[45,79071,79072,79074,79076,79078],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,79073,153],{"class":152},[45,79075,156],{"class":59},[45,79077,74288],{"class":135},[45,79079,161],{"class":59},[20,79081,182],{},[36,79083,79084],{"className":38,"code":74600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,79085,79086,79102],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79087,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79089,223],{"class":59},[45,79091,2294],{"class":96},[45,79093,84],{"class":59},[45,79095,1049],{"class":96},[45,79097,84],{"class":59},[45,79099,1035],{"class":96},[45,79101,244],{"class":59},[45,79103,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79105,223],{"class":59},[45,79107,1430],{"class":96},[45,79109,84],{"class":59},[45,79111,1035],{"class":96},[45,79113,84],{"class":59},[45,79115,1063],{"class":96},[45,79117,244],{"class":59},[20,79119,1006,79120,79122],{},[15,79121,74431],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79124,79125,79126,329,79130,132],{},"You can learn more in ",[277,79127,3802,79128,6004],{"href":74528},[15,79129,74431],{},[277,79131,79133],{"href":79132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[31,79135,3061],{"id":3060},[20,79137,79138,79139,132],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79140,77874],{},[1398,79142,12796,79144],{"id":79143},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79145,64318],{},[20,79147,25848],{},[36,79149,79151],{"className":38,"code":79150,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79152,79153,79173,79187,79191,79201],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79154,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79167,79169,79171],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79156,3846],{"class":51},[45,79158,56],{"class":55},[45,79160,1427],{"class":59},[45,79162,2294],{"class":96},[45,79164,84],{"class":59},[45,79166,1049],{"class":96},[45,79168,84],{"class":59},[45,79170,1035],{"class":96},[45,79172,244],{"class":59},[45,79174,79175,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79176,716],{"class":51},[45,79178,56],{"class":55},[45,79180,4488],{"class":51},[45,79182,132],{"class":59},[45,79184,34792],{"class":135},[45,79186,139],{"class":59},[45,79188,79189],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,79190,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,79192,79193,79195,79197,79199],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,79194,153],{"class":152},[45,79196,156],{"class":59},[45,79198,740],{"class":135},[45,79200,161],{"class":59},[45,79202,79203,79205,79207,79209],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,79204,153],{"class":152},[45,79206,156],{"class":59},[45,79208,3876],{"class":135},[45,79210,161],{"class":59},[20,79212,182],{},[36,79214,79216],{"className":38,"code":79215,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79217,79218,79222],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79219,79220],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79221,12009],{"class":4080},[45,79223,79224,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79225,223],{"class":59},[45,79227,1430],{"class":96},[45,79229,84],{"class":59},[45,79231,1035],{"class":96},[45,79233,84],{"class":59},[45,79235,1063],{"class":96},[45,79237,244],{"class":59},[20,79239,79240,79242,79243,132],{},[15,79241,64318],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79244,4006],{},[20,79246,79247,79248,6852],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79249,74431],{},[1398,79251,79253],{"id":79252},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79255,79256],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[36,79258,79260],{"className":38,"code":79259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79261,79262,79287],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79263,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79279,79281,79283,79285],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79265,8001],{"class":51},[45,79267,56],{"class":55},[45,79269,1427],{"class":59},[45,79271,1430],{"class":96},[45,79273,84],{"class":59},[45,79275,76],{"class":63},[45,79277,79278],{"class":67},"two",[45,79280,64],{"class":63},[45,79282,84],{"class":59},[45,79284,1063],{"class":96},[45,79286,244],{"class":59},[45,79288,79289,79291,79293,79295],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79290,1289],{"class":51},[45,79292,132],{"class":59},[45,79294,34792],{"class":135},[45,79296,139],{"class":59},[20,79298,3232,79299,79301],{},[15,79300,3235],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1398,79303,4928,79305,79307],{"id":79304},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79306,64318],{}," only works on lists",[20,79309,79310,79312],{},[15,79311,64318],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79314,1412],{},[36,79316,79318],{"className":38,"code":79317,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79319,79320,79332],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79321,79322,79324,79326,79328,79330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79323,34680],{"class":51},[45,79325,56],{"class":55},[45,79327,76],{"class":63},[45,79329,40],{"class":67},[45,79331,468],{"class":63},[45,79333,79334,79336,79338,79340],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79335,34701],{"class":51},[45,79337,132],{"class":59},[45,79339,34792],{"class":135},[45,79341,139],{"class":59},[20,79343,79344,79345,1461],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79346,64318],{},[20,79348,79349],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[36,79351,79353],{"className":38,"code":79352,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79354,79355,79373,79383,79387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79356,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79358,36085],{"class":51},[45,79360,56],{"class":55},[45,79362,587],{"class":171},[45,79364,156],{"class":59},[45,79366,64],{"class":63},[45,79368,40],{"class":67},[45,79370,64],{"class":63},[45,79372,161],{"class":59},[45,79374,79375,79377,79379,79381],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79376,36138],{"class":51},[45,79378,132],{"class":59},[45,79380,34792],{"class":135},[45,79382,139],{"class":59},[45,79384,79385],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,79386,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,79388,79389,79391,79393,79395],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,79390,153],{"class":152},[45,79392,156],{"class":59},[45,79394,36138],{"class":135},[45,79396,161],{"class":59},[20,79398,182],{},[36,79400,79402],{"className":38,"code":79401,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79403,79404],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79405,79406,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444,79446,79448,79450,79452,79454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79407,223],{"class":59},[45,79409,198],{"class":63},[45,79411,60444],{"class":67},[45,79413,198],{"class":63},[45,79415,84],{"class":59},[45,79417,211],{"class":63},[45,79419,76037],{"class":67},[45,79421,198],{"class":63},[45,79423,84],{"class":59},[45,79425,211],{"class":63},[45,79427,60479],{"class":67},[45,79429,198],{"class":63},[45,79431,84],{"class":59},[45,79433,211],{"class":63},[45,79435,20],{"class":67},[45,79437,198],{"class":63},[45,79439,84],{"class":59},[45,79441,211],{"class":63},[45,79443,63293],{"class":67},[45,79445,198],{"class":63},[45,79447,84],{"class":59},[45,79449,211],{"class":63},[45,79451,11946],{"class":67},[45,79453,198],{"class":63},[45,79455,244],{"class":59},[1398,79457,79459,79460,79462],{"id":79458},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79461,15034],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79464,79465,79466,132],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79467,15034],{},[20,79469,79470,79471,79473],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79472,64318],{}," will not do that:",[36,79475,79477],{"className":38,"code":79476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79478,79479,79511,79529,79533],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79480,79481,79483,79485,79487,79489,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79482,4296],{"class":51},[45,79484,56],{"class":55},[45,79486,1427],{"class":59},[45,79488,64],{"class":63},[45,79490,1042],{"class":67},[45,79492,64],{"class":63},[45,79494,84],{"class":59},[45,79496,76],{"class":63},[45,79498,38355],{"class":67},[45,79500,64],{"class":63},[45,79502,84],{"class":59},[45,79504,76],{"class":63},[45,79506,1028],{"class":67},[45,79508,64],{"class":63},[45,79510,244],{"class":59},[45,79512,79513,79515,79517,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79514,4338],{"class":51},[45,79516,132],{"class":59},[45,79518,34792],{"class":135},[45,79520,156],{"class":59},[45,79522,15034],{"class":9393},[45,79524,56],{"class":55},[45,79526,11369],{"class":152},[45,79528,161],{"class":59},[45,79530,79531],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,79532,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,79534,79535,79537,79539,79541],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,79536,153],{"class":152},[45,79538,156],{"class":59},[45,79540,4338],{"class":135},[45,79542,161],{"class":59},[1398,79544,79546],{"id":79545},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79548,79549],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[36,79551,79553],{"className":38,"code":79552,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79554,79555,79589,79599,79603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79556,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79585,79587],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79558,4296],{"class":51},[45,79560,56],{"class":55},[45,79562,1427],{"class":59},[45,79564,64],{"class":63},[45,79566,79567],{"class":67},"zebra",[45,79569,64],{"class":63},[45,79571,84],{"class":59},[45,79573,76],{"class":63},[45,79575,57773],{"class":67},[45,79577,64],{"class":63},[45,79579,84],{"class":59},[45,79581,76],{"class":63},[45,79583,79584],{"class":67},"monkey",[45,79586,64],{"class":63},[45,79588,244],{"class":59},[45,79590,79591,79593,79595,79597],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79592,4338],{"class":51},[45,79594,132],{"class":59},[45,79596,34792],{"class":135},[45,79598,139],{"class":59},[45,79600,79601],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,79602,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,79604,79605,79607,79609,79611],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,79606,153],{"class":152},[45,79608,156],{"class":59},[45,79610,4338],{"class":135},[45,79612,161],{"class":59},[20,79614,182],{},[36,79616,79618],{"className":38,"code":79617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79619,79620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79621,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79623,223],{"class":59},[45,79625,198],{"class":63},[45,79627,57773],{"class":67},[45,79629,198],{"class":63},[45,79631,84],{"class":59},[45,79633,211],{"class":63},[45,79635,79584],{"class":67},[45,79637,198],{"class":63},[45,79639,84],{"class":59},[45,79641,211],{"class":63},[45,79643,79567],{"class":67},[45,79645,198],{"class":63},[45,79647,244],{"class":59},[20,79649,1006,79650,79652],{},[15,79651,78592],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1398,79654,60716],{"id":60715},[20,79656,79657],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[36,79659,79661],{"className":38,"code":79660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79662,79663,79673,79687,79701,79715],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79664,79665,79667,79669,79671],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79666,153],{"class":152},[45,79668,156],{"class":59},[45,79670,1449],{"class":135},[45,79672,161],{"class":59},[45,79674,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683,79685],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,79676,153],{"class":152},[45,79678,156],{"class":59},[45,79680,1478],{"class":171},[45,79682,156],{"class":59},[45,79684,1449],{"class":135},[45,79686,179],{"class":59},[45,79688,79689,79691,79693,79695,79697,79699],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,79690,153],{"class":152},[45,79692,156],{"class":59},[45,79694,1449],{"class":135},[45,79696,132],{"class":59},[45,79698,34792],{"class":135},[45,79700,598],{"class":59},[45,79702,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,79704,153],{"class":152},[45,79706,156],{"class":59},[45,79708,74521],{"class":152},[45,79710,156],{"class":59},[45,79712,1449],{"class":135},[45,79714,179],{"class":59},[45,79716,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735,79737],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,79718,153],{"class":152},[45,79720,195],{"class":59},[45,79722,1478],{"class":171},[45,79724,156],{"class":59},[45,79726,23483],{"class":135},[45,79728,3889],{"class":59},[45,79730,4105],{"class":921},[45,79732,6181],{"class":135},[45,79734,927],{"class":921},[45,79736,8613],{"class":135},[45,79738,218],{"class":59},[20,79740,11378],{},[258,79742,79743,79746,79749,79756,79762],{},[261,79744,79745],{},"What values are in the list",[261,79747,79748],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[261,79750,79751,79752,2627,79754],{},"That ",[15,79753,64318],{},[15,79755,4006],{},[261,79757,79758,79759,79761],{},"Whether ",[15,79760,74431],{}," works better for your case",[261,79763,79764],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79766,79767,79768,79770],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79769,3235],{}," problems.",[31,79772,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,79774,2062,79776,55473],{"id":79775},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79777,77874],{},[20,79779,62609,79780,132],{},[15,79781,4006],{},[1398,79783,5400,79785,329,79787,2079],{"id":79784},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79786,64318],{},[15,79788,74431],{},[20,79790,79791,79793,79794,79796],{},[15,79792,64318],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79795,74431],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1398,79798,79800],{"id":79799},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79802,1363],{},[36,79804,79806],{"className":38,"code":79805,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79807,79808],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79809,79810,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822,79824],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79811,1449],{"class":51},[45,79813,132],{"class":59},[45,79815,34792],{"class":135},[45,79817,156],{"class":59},[45,79819,73584],{"class":9393},[45,79821,56],{"class":55},[45,79823,3831],{"class":4080},[45,79825,161],{"class":59},[1398,79827,79829],{"id":79828},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79831,1363],{},[36,79833,79835],{"className":38,"code":79834,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79836,79837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79838,79839,79841,79843,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855,79857],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,79840,1449],{"class":51},[45,79842,132],{"class":59},[45,79844,34792],{"class":135},[45,79846,156],{"class":59},[45,79848,15034],{"class":9393},[45,79850,56],{"class":55},[45,79852,3669],{"class":171},[45,79854,132],{"class":59},[45,79856,8858],{"class":1863},[45,79858,161],{"class":59},[20,79860,79861],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1398,79863,79865,79866,79868],{"id":79864},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79867,3235],{}," when sorting?",[20,79870,79871],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[31,79873,2114],{"id":2113},[258,79875,79876,79881,79887,79891],{},[261,79877,79878],{},[277,79879,79880],{"href":78383},"How to sort a list in Python",[261,79882,79883],{},[277,79884,3802,79885,6004],{"href":74528},[15,79886,74431],{},[261,79888,79889],{},[277,79890,67084],{"href":50982},[261,79892,79893],{},[277,79894,79133],{"href":79132},[2154,79896,79897],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":79899},[79900,79901,79903,79904,79905,79906,79908,79910,79921,79931],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":77940,"depth":121,"text":79902},"What list.sort() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":78195,"depth":121,"text":78196},{"id":78387,"depth":121,"text":78388},{"id":78709,"depth":121,"text":79907},"Using the key argument",{"id":78974,"depth":121,"text":79909},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":79911},[79912,79914,79915,79917,79919,79920],{"id":79143,"depth":142,"text":79913},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79252,"depth":142,"text":79253},{"id":79304,"depth":142,"text":79916},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79458,"depth":142,"text":79918},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79545,"depth":142,"text":79546},{"id":60715,"depth":142,"text":60716},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":79922},[79923,79925,79927,79928,79929],{"id":79775,"depth":142,"text":79924},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79784,"depth":142,"text":79926},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79799,"depth":142,"text":79800},{"id":79828,"depth":142,"text":79829},{"id":79864,"depth":142,"text":79930},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77862,"description":79932},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79939,"title":79940,"body":79941,"description":82572,"extension":2195,"meta":82573,"navigation":145,"path":82574,"seo":82575,"stem":82576,"__hash__":82577},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79942,"toc":82531},[79943,79948,79953,79956,79967,79970,79990,79992,80054,80056,80097,80106,80111,80116,80122,80133,80135,80154,80157,80162,80167,80169,80174,80188,80190,80208,80211,80228,80231,80237,80260,80265,80267,80270,80331,80333,80366,80368,80407,80415,80425,80431,80436,80529,80531,80555,80557,80575,80578,80609,80615,80620,80623,80625,80750,80752,80776,80778,80797,80803,80809,80928,80930,80947,80954,80960,80965,80972,80978,80980,81037,81040,81061,81064,81067,81128,81130,81163,81167,81237,81239,81256,81260,81263,81338,81340,81377,81380,81383,81454,81456,81517,81522,81527,81530,81544,81546,81619,81621,81641,81644,81647,81704,81766,81769,81801,81804,81819,81824,81826,81832,81835,81891,81894,81896,81915,81919,81921,81965,81974,81976,82036,82040,82043,82045,82138,82140,82255,82259,82261,82335,82338,82341,82343,82348,82413,82415,82439,82449,82451,82457,82466,82475,82484,82490,82493,82497,82500,82502,82528],[10,79944,3802,79946,3806],{"id":79945},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79947,39714],{},[20,79949,3809,79950,79952],{},[15,79951,39714],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79954,79955],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[258,79957,79958,79961,79964],{},[261,79959,79960],{},"converting numbers to strings",[261,79962,79963],{},"changing strings to integers",[261,79965,79966],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79968,79969],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[258,79971,79972,79979,79985],{},[261,79973,79974,14246,79976,79978],{},[15,79975,39714],{},[355,79977,4854],{}," return a list in Python 3",[261,79980,79981,79982],{},"it returns a ",[355,79983,79984],{},"map object",[261,79986,79987,79988],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79989,24947],{},[31,79991,34],{"id":33},[36,79993,79995],{"className":38,"code":79994,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79996,79997,80021,80040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,79998,79999,80001,80003,80005,80007,80009,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80000,3846],{"class":51},[45,80002,56],{"class":55},[45,80004,1427],{"class":59},[45,80006,1430],{"class":96},[45,80008,84],{"class":59},[45,80010,1035],{"class":96},[45,80012,84],{"class":59},[45,80014,1063],{"class":96},[45,80016,84],{"class":59},[45,80018,2687],{"class":96},[45,80020,244],{"class":59},[45,80022,80023,80025,80027,80030,80032,80034,80036,80038],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80024,716],{"class":51},[45,80026,56],{"class":55},[45,80028,80029],{"class":152}," map",[45,80031,156],{"class":59},[45,80033,3669],{"class":171},[45,80035,84],{"class":59},[45,80037,4488],{"class":135},[45,80039,161],{"class":59},[45,80041,80042,80044,80046,80048,80050,80052],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,80043,153],{"class":152},[45,80045,156],{"class":59},[45,80047,172],{"class":171},[45,80049,156],{"class":59},[45,80051,740],{"class":135},[45,80053,179],{"class":59},[20,80055,182],{},[36,80057,80059],{"className":38,"code":80058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80060,80061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80062,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80064,223],{"class":59},[45,80066,198],{"class":63},[45,80068,1430],{"class":67},[45,80070,198],{"class":63},[45,80072,84],{"class":59},[45,80074,211],{"class":63},[45,80076,1133],{"class":67},[45,80078,198],{"class":63},[45,80080,84],{"class":59},[45,80082,211],{"class":63},[45,80084,2294],{"class":67},[45,80086,198],{"class":63},[45,80088,84],{"class":59},[45,80090,211],{"class":63},[45,80092,2734],{"class":67},[45,80094,198],{"class":63},[45,80096,244],{"class":59},[20,80098,1006,80099,80102,80103,80105],{},[15,80100,80101],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80104,24947],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[31,80107,253,80109,256],{"id":80108},"what-map-does",[15,80110,39714],{},[20,80112,80113,80115],{},[15,80114,39714],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80117,80118,80119,80121],{},"An ",[355,80120,3948],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[258,80123,80124,80126,80128,80130],{},[261,80125,37898],{},[261,80127,37901],{},[261,80129,37904],{},[261,80131,80132],{},"a range object",[20,80134,30879],{},[36,80136,80138],{"className":38,"code":80137,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80139,80140],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80141,80142,80144,80146,80148,80150,80152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80143,39857],{"class":152},[45,80145,156],{"class":59},[45,80147,37857],{"class":135},[45,80149,84],{"class":59},[45,80151,37862],{"class":135},[45,80153,161],{"class":59},[20,80155,80156],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80158,80159,80160,1613],{},"Important: the result is a ",[355,80161,79984],{},[20,80163,80164,80165,132],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[277,80166,5359],{"href":5358},[31,80168,284],{"id":283},[20,80170,80171,80173],{},[15,80172,39714],{}," needs at least two parts:",[258,80175,80176,80182],{},[261,80177,80178,80181],{},[355,80179,80180],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[261,80183,80184,80187],{},[355,80185,80186],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80189,3933],{},[36,80191,80192],{"className":38,"code":80137,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,80193,80194],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80195,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80197,39857],{"class":152},[45,80199,156],{"class":59},[45,80201,37857],{"class":135},[45,80203,84],{"class":59},[45,80205,37862],{"class":135},[45,80207,161],{"class":59},[20,80209,80210],{},"You can pass:",[258,80212,80213,80222,80225],{},[261,80214,80215,80216,2419,80218,2423,80220],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80217,3669],{},[15,80219,2418],{},[15,80221,2249],{},[261,80223,80224],{},"your own custom function",[261,80226,80227],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80229,80230],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80232,80233,80234,80236],{},"You will often see ",[15,80235,39714],{}," used like this:",[36,80238,80240],{"className":38,"code":80239,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80241,80242],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80243,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80245,172],{"class":171},[45,80247,156],{"class":59},[45,80249,39857],{"class":152},[45,80251,156],{"class":59},[45,80253,37857],{"class":135},[45,80255,84],{"class":59},[45,80257,4113],{"class":135},[45,80259,179],{"class":59},[20,80261,6898,80262,80264],{},[15,80263,24947],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[31,80266,640],{"id":639},[20,80268,80269],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[36,80271,80273],{"className":38,"code":80272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80274,80275,80295,80313,80317],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80276,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80278,3846],{"class":51},[45,80280,56],{"class":55},[45,80282,1427],{"class":59},[45,80284,2560],{"class":96},[45,80286,84],{"class":59},[45,80288,97],{"class":96},[45,80290,84],{"class":59},[45,80292,8016],{"class":96},[45,80294,244],{"class":59},[45,80296,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307,80309,80311],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80298,716],{"class":51},[45,80300,56],{"class":55},[45,80302,80029],{"class":152},[45,80304,156],{"class":59},[45,80306,3669],{"class":171},[45,80308,84],{"class":59},[45,80310,4488],{"class":135},[45,80312,161],{"class":59},[45,80314,80315],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,80316,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80318,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,80320,153],{"class":152},[45,80322,156],{"class":59},[45,80324,172],{"class":171},[45,80326,156],{"class":59},[45,80328,740],{"class":135},[45,80330,179],{"class":59},[20,80332,182],{},[36,80334,80336],{"className":38,"code":80335,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80337,80338],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80339,80340,80342,80344,80346,80348,80350,80352,80354,80356,80358,80360,80362,80364],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80341,223],{"class":59},[45,80343,198],{"class":63},[45,80345,2560],{"class":67},[45,80347,198],{"class":63},[45,80349,84],{"class":59},[45,80351,211],{"class":63},[45,80353,15948],{"class":67},[45,80355,198],{"class":63},[45,80357,84],{"class":59},[45,80359,211],{"class":63},[45,80361,36837],{"class":67},[45,80363,198],{"class":63},[45,80365,244],{"class":59},[20,80367,816],{},[258,80369,80370,80375,80383,80391,80399],{},[261,80371,80372,80374],{},[15,80373,3876],{}," contains integers",[261,80376,80377,80380,80381],{},[15,80378,80379],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80382,47685],{},[261,80384,80385,42154,80388],{},[15,80386,80387],{},"str(10)",[15,80389,80390],{},"'10'",[261,80392,80393,42154,80396],{},[15,80394,80395],{},"str(20)",[15,80397,80398],{},"'20'",[261,80400,80401,42154,80404],{},[15,80402,80403],{},"str(30)",[15,80405,80406],{},"'30'",[20,80408,53657,80409,80411,80412,80414],{},[15,80410,39714],{}," applies ",[15,80413,47685],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80416,80417,80418,80420,80421,132],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80419,24947],{}," better, see ",[277,80422,3802,80423,3735],{"href":64854},[15,80424,24947],{},[31,80426,1797,80428,80430],{"id":80427},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80429,39714],{}," with your own function",[20,80432,15908,80433,80435],{},[15,80434,39714],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[36,80437,80439],{"className":38,"code":80438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80440,80441,80454,80464,80468,80492,80511,80515],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80442,80443,80445,80448,80450,80452],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80444,34844],{"class":1597},[45,80446,80447],{"class":34847}," double",[45,80449,156],{"class":59},[45,80451,2403],{"class":37659},[45,80453,8559],{"class":59},[45,80455,80456,80458,80460,80462],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80457,34855],{"class":921},[45,80459,4108],{"class":51},[45,80461,39870],{"class":55},[45,80463,45590],{"class":96},[45,80465,80466],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,80467,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80469,80470,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488,80490],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,80471,3846],{"class":51},[45,80473,56],{"class":55},[45,80475,1427],{"class":59},[45,80477,1430],{"class":96},[45,80479,84],{"class":59},[45,80481,1035],{"class":96},[45,80483,84],{"class":59},[45,80485,1063],{"class":96},[45,80487,84],{"class":59},[45,80489,2687],{"class":96},[45,80491,244],{"class":59},[45,80493,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80505,80507,80509],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,80495,716],{"class":51},[45,80497,56],{"class":55},[45,80499,80029],{"class":152},[45,80501,156],{"class":59},[45,80503,80504],{"class":135},"double",[45,80506,84],{"class":59},[45,80508,4488],{"class":135},[45,80510,161],{"class":59},[45,80512,80513],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,80514,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80516,80517,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,80518,153],{"class":152},[45,80520,156],{"class":59},[45,80522,172],{"class":171},[45,80524,156],{"class":59},[45,80526,740],{"class":135},[45,80528,179],{"class":59},[20,80530,182],{},[36,80532,80533],{"className":38,"code":39883,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,80534,80535],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80536,80537,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80538,223],{"class":59},[45,80540,1133],{"class":96},[45,80542,84],{"class":59},[45,80544,2687],{"class":96},[45,80546,84],{"class":59},[45,80548,37640],{"class":96},[45,80550,84],{"class":59},[45,80552,6580],{"class":96},[45,80554,244],{"class":59},[20,80556,65591],{},[258,80558,80559,80566,80572],{},[261,80560,80561,80563,80564],{},[15,80562,39714],{}," takes the function ",[15,80565,80504],{},[261,80567,80568,80569,80571],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80570,3876],{}," into that function",[261,80573,80574],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80576,80577],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[258,80579,80580,80587,80594,80602],{},[261,80581,80582,6293,80585],{},[15,80583,80584],{},"double(1)",[15,80586,1133],{},[261,80588,80589,6293,80592],{},[15,80590,80591],{},"double(2)",[15,80593,2734],{},[261,80595,80596,6293,80599],{},[15,80597,80598],{},"double(3)",[15,80600,80601],{},"6",[261,80603,80604,6293,80607],{},[15,80605,80606],{},"double(4)",[15,80608,2575],{},[31,80610,1797,80612,80614],{"id":80611},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80613,39714],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80616,80617,80619],{},[15,80618,39714],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80621,80622],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80624,361],{},[36,80626,80628],{"className":38,"code":80627,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80629,80630,80647,80657,80661,80682,80703,80707,80732,80736],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80631,80632,80634,80637,80639,80641,80643,80645],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80633,34844],{"class":1597},[45,80635,80636],{"class":34847}," add_numbers",[45,80638,156],{"class":59},[45,80640,277],{"class":37659},[45,80642,84],{"class":59},[45,80644,2789],{"class":37659},[45,80646,8559],{"class":59},[45,80648,80649,80651,80653,80655],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80650,34855],{"class":921},[45,80652,44545],{"class":51},[45,80654,2291],{"class":55},[45,80656,36177],{"class":51},[45,80658,80659],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,80660,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80662,80663,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676,80678,80680],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,80664,80665],{"class":51},"list1 ",[45,80667,56],{"class":55},[45,80669,1427],{"class":59},[45,80671,1430],{"class":96},[45,80673,84],{"class":59},[45,80675,1035],{"class":96},[45,80677,84],{"class":59},[45,80679,1063],{"class":96},[45,80681,244],{"class":59},[45,80683,80684,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699,80701],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,80685,80686],{"class":51},"list2 ",[45,80688,56],{"class":55},[45,80690,1427],{"class":59},[45,80692,2560],{"class":96},[45,80694,84],{"class":59},[45,80696,97],{"class":96},[45,80698,84],{"class":59},[45,80700,8016],{"class":96},[45,80702,244],{"class":59},[45,80704,80705],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,80706,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80708,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80720,80722,80725,80727,80730],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,80710,716],{"class":51},[45,80712,56],{"class":55},[45,80714,80029],{"class":152},[45,80716,156],{"class":59},[45,80718,80719],{"class":135},"add_numbers",[45,80721,84],{"class":59},[45,80723,80724],{"class":135}," list1",[45,80726,84],{"class":59},[45,80728,80729],{"class":135}," list2",[45,80731,161],{"class":59},[45,80733,80734],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,80735,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80737,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746,80748],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,80739,153],{"class":152},[45,80741,156],{"class":59},[45,80743,172],{"class":171},[45,80745,156],{"class":59},[45,80747,740],{"class":135},[45,80749,179],{"class":59},[20,80751,182],{},[36,80753,80755],{"className":38,"code":80754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80756,80757],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80758,80759,80761,80764,80766,80769,80771,80774],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80760,223],{"class":59},[45,80762,80763],{"class":96},"11",[45,80765,84],{"class":59},[45,80767,80768],{"class":96}," 22",[45,80770,84],{"class":59},[45,80772,80773],{"class":96}," 33",[45,80775,244],{"class":59},[20,80777,2408],{},[258,80779,80780,80786,80792],{},[261,80781,80782,80783],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80784,80785],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[261,80787,80788,80789],{},"then ",[15,80790,80791],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[261,80793,80788,80794],{},[15,80795,80796],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1398,80798,80800,80802],{"id":80799},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80801,39714],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80804,80805,80806,80808],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80807,39714],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[36,80810,80812],{"className":38,"code":80811,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80813,80814,80830,80840,80844,80868,80884,80888,80910,80914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80815,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824,80826,80828],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80817,34844],{"class":1597},[45,80819,80636],{"class":34847},[45,80821,156],{"class":59},[45,80823,277],{"class":37659},[45,80825,84],{"class":59},[45,80827,2789],{"class":37659},[45,80829,8559],{"class":59},[45,80831,80832,80834,80836,80838],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,80833,34855],{"class":921},[45,80835,44545],{"class":51},[45,80837,2291],{"class":55},[45,80839,36177],{"class":51},[45,80841,80842],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,80843,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80845,80846,80848,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,80847,80665],{"class":51},[45,80849,56],{"class":55},[45,80851,1427],{"class":59},[45,80853,1430],{"class":96},[45,80855,84],{"class":59},[45,80857,1035],{"class":96},[45,80859,84],{"class":59},[45,80861,1063],{"class":96},[45,80863,84],{"class":59},[45,80865,2687],{"class":96},[45,80867,244],{"class":59},[45,80869,80870,80872,80874,80876,80878,80880,80882],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,80871,80686],{"class":51},[45,80873,56],{"class":55},[45,80875,1427],{"class":59},[45,80877,2560],{"class":96},[45,80879,84],{"class":59},[45,80881,97],{"class":96},[45,80883,244],{"class":59},[45,80885,80886],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,80887,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80889,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,80891,716],{"class":51},[45,80893,56],{"class":55},[45,80895,80029],{"class":152},[45,80897,156],{"class":59},[45,80899,80719],{"class":135},[45,80901,84],{"class":59},[45,80903,80724],{"class":135},[45,80905,84],{"class":59},[45,80907,80729],{"class":135},[45,80909,161],{"class":59},[45,80911,80912],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,80913,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,80915,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,80917,153],{"class":152},[45,80919,156],{"class":59},[45,80921,172],{"class":171},[45,80923,156],{"class":59},[45,80925,740],{"class":135},[45,80927,179],{"class":59},[20,80929,182],{},[36,80931,80933],{"className":38,"code":80932,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80934,80935],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80936,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80938,223],{"class":59},[45,80940,80763],{"class":96},[45,80942,84],{"class":59},[45,80944,80768],{"class":96},[45,80946,244],{"class":59},[20,80948,80949,80950,80953],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80951,80952],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[31,80955,80957,80959],{"id":80956},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80958,39714],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80961,38020,80962,80964],{},[15,80963,39714],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80966,80967,80968,80971],{},"This object is ",[355,80969,80970],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1398,80973,2718,80975,80977],{"id":80974},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80976,835],{}," looks strange",[20,80979,1509],{},[36,80981,80983],{"className":38,"code":80982,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80984,80985,81005,81023,81027],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,80986,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,80988,3846],{"class":51},[45,80990,56],{"class":55},[45,80992,1427],{"class":59},[45,80994,1430],{"class":96},[45,80996,84],{"class":59},[45,80998,1035],{"class":96},[45,81000,84],{"class":59},[45,81002,1063],{"class":96},[45,81004,244],{"class":59},[45,81006,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81008,716],{"class":51},[45,81010,56],{"class":55},[45,81012,80029],{"class":152},[45,81014,156],{"class":59},[45,81016,3669],{"class":171},[45,81018,84],{"class":59},[45,81020,4488],{"class":135},[45,81022,161],{"class":59},[45,81024,81025],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81026,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81030,153],{"class":152},[45,81032,156],{"class":59},[45,81034,740],{"class":135},[45,81036,161],{"class":59},[20,81038,81039],{},"Output will look something like this:",[36,81041,81043],{"className":38,"code":81042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81044,81045],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81046,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81048,1594],{"class":55},[45,81050,39857],{"class":152},[45,81052,839],{"class":171},[45,81054,37360],{"class":51},[45,81056,37364],{"class":37363},[45,81058,37367],{"class":34445},[45,81060,1607],{"class":55},[20,81062,81063],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81065,81066],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[36,81068,81070],{"className":38,"code":81069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81071,81072,81092,81110,81114],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81073,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81075,3846],{"class":51},[45,81077,56],{"class":55},[45,81079,1427],{"class":59},[45,81081,1430],{"class":96},[45,81083,84],{"class":59},[45,81085,1035],{"class":96},[45,81087,84],{"class":59},[45,81089,1063],{"class":96},[45,81091,244],{"class":59},[45,81093,81094,81096,81098,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81095,716],{"class":51},[45,81097,56],{"class":55},[45,81099,80029],{"class":152},[45,81101,156],{"class":59},[45,81103,3669],{"class":171},[45,81105,84],{"class":59},[45,81107,4488],{"class":135},[45,81109,161],{"class":59},[45,81111,81112],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81113,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81115,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81117,153],{"class":152},[45,81119,156],{"class":59},[45,81121,172],{"class":171},[45,81123,156],{"class":59},[45,81125,740],{"class":135},[45,81127,179],{"class":59},[20,81129,182],{},[36,81131,81133],{"className":38,"code":81132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81134,81135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81136,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155,81157,81159,81161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81138,223],{"class":59},[45,81140,198],{"class":63},[45,81142,1430],{"class":67},[45,81144,198],{"class":63},[45,81146,84],{"class":59},[45,81148,211],{"class":63},[45,81150,1133],{"class":67},[45,81152,198],{"class":63},[45,81154,84],{"class":59},[45,81156,211],{"class":63},[45,81158,2294],{"class":67},[45,81160,198],{"class":63},[45,81162,244],{"class":59},[1398,81164,81166],{"id":81165},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[36,81168,81170],{"className":38,"code":81169,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81171,81172,81192,81210,81214,81227],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81173,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81175,3846],{"class":51},[45,81177,56],{"class":55},[45,81179,1427],{"class":59},[45,81181,1430],{"class":96},[45,81183,84],{"class":59},[45,81185,1035],{"class":96},[45,81187,84],{"class":59},[45,81189,1063],{"class":96},[45,81191,244],{"class":59},[45,81193,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81195,716],{"class":51},[45,81197,56],{"class":55},[45,81199,80029],{"class":152},[45,81201,156],{"class":59},[45,81203,3669],{"class":171},[45,81205,84],{"class":59},[45,81207,4488],{"class":135},[45,81209,161],{"class":59},[45,81211,81212],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81213,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81215,81216,81218,81220,81222,81225],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81217,855],{"class":921},[45,81219,6181],{"class":51},[45,81221,927],{"class":921},[45,81223,81224],{"class":51}," result",[45,81226,6614],{"class":59},[45,81228,81229,81231,81233,81235],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,81230,942],{"class":152},[45,81232,156],{"class":59},[45,81234,23483],{"class":135},[45,81236,161],{"class":59},[20,81238,182],{},[36,81240,81242],{"className":38,"code":81241,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81243,81244,81248,81252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81245,81246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81247,46918],{"class":96},[45,81249,81250],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81251,1148],{"class":96},[45,81253,81254],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81255,46618],{"class":96},[1398,81257,81259],{"id":81258},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81261,81262],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[36,81264,81266],{"className":38,"code":81265,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81267,81268,81288,81306,81310,81324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81269,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81271,3846],{"class":51},[45,81273,56],{"class":55},[45,81275,1427],{"class":59},[45,81277,1430],{"class":96},[45,81279,84],{"class":59},[45,81281,1035],{"class":96},[45,81283,84],{"class":59},[45,81285,1063],{"class":96},[45,81287,244],{"class":59},[45,81289,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81291,716],{"class":51},[45,81293,56],{"class":55},[45,81295,80029],{"class":152},[45,81297,156],{"class":59},[45,81299,3669],{"class":171},[45,81301,84],{"class":59},[45,81303,4488],{"class":135},[45,81305,161],{"class":59},[45,81307,81308],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81309,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81311,81312,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81313,153],{"class":152},[45,81315,156],{"class":59},[45,81317,172],{"class":171},[45,81319,156],{"class":59},[45,81321,740],{"class":135},[45,81323,179],{"class":59},[45,81325,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,81327,153],{"class":152},[45,81329,156],{"class":59},[45,81331,172],{"class":171},[45,81333,156],{"class":59},[45,81335,740],{"class":135},[45,81337,179],{"class":59},[20,81339,182],{},[36,81341,81343],{"className":38,"code":81342,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81344,81345,81373],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81346,81347,81349,81351,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369,81371],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81348,223],{"class":59},[45,81350,198],{"class":63},[45,81352,1430],{"class":67},[45,81354,198],{"class":63},[45,81356,84],{"class":59},[45,81358,211],{"class":63},[45,81360,1133],{"class":67},[45,81362,198],{"class":63},[45,81364,84],{"class":59},[45,81366,211],{"class":63},[45,81368,2294],{"class":67},[45,81370,198],{"class":63},[45,81372,244],{"class":59},[45,81374,81375],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81376,38294],{"class":59},[20,81378,81379],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81381,81382],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[36,81384,81386],{"className":38,"code":81385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81387,81388,81408,81430,81434,81444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81389,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81391,3846],{"class":51},[45,81393,56],{"class":55},[45,81395,1427],{"class":59},[45,81397,1430],{"class":96},[45,81399,84],{"class":59},[45,81401,1035],{"class":96},[45,81403,84],{"class":59},[45,81405,1063],{"class":96},[45,81407,244],{"class":59},[45,81409,81410,81412,81414,81416,81418,81420,81422,81424,81426,81428],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81411,716],{"class":51},[45,81413,56],{"class":55},[45,81415,587],{"class":171},[45,81417,156],{"class":59},[45,81419,39857],{"class":152},[45,81421,156],{"class":59},[45,81423,3669],{"class":171},[45,81425,84],{"class":59},[45,81427,4488],{"class":135},[45,81429,179],{"class":59},[45,81431,81432],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81433,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81435,81436,81438,81440,81442],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81437,153],{"class":152},[45,81439,156],{"class":59},[45,81441,740],{"class":135},[45,81443,161],{"class":59},[45,81445,81446,81448,81450,81452],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,81447,153],{"class":152},[45,81449,156],{"class":59},[45,81451,740],{"class":135},[45,81453,161],{"class":59},[20,81455,182],{},[36,81457,81459],{"className":38,"code":81458,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81460,81461,81489],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81462,81463,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481,81483,81485,81487],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81464,223],{"class":59},[45,81466,198],{"class":63},[45,81468,1430],{"class":67},[45,81470,198],{"class":63},[45,81472,84],{"class":59},[45,81474,211],{"class":63},[45,81476,1133],{"class":67},[45,81478,198],{"class":63},[45,81480,84],{"class":59},[45,81482,211],{"class":63},[45,81484,2294],{"class":67},[45,81486,198],{"class":63},[45,81488,244],{"class":59},[45,81490,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81492,223],{"class":59},[45,81494,198],{"class":63},[45,81496,1430],{"class":67},[45,81498,198],{"class":63},[45,81500,84],{"class":59},[45,81502,211],{"class":63},[45,81504,1133],{"class":67},[45,81506,198],{"class":63},[45,81508,84],{"class":59},[45,81510,211],{"class":63},[45,81512,2294],{"class":67},[45,81514,198],{"class":63},[45,81516,244],{"class":59},[31,81518,5185,81520],{"id":81519},"when-to-use-map",[15,81521,39714],{},[20,81523,81524,81526],{},[15,81525,39714],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81528,81529],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[258,81531,81532,81536,81540],{},[261,81533,81534],{},[15,81535,3669],{},[261,81537,81538],{},[15,81539,2418],{},[261,81541,81542],{},[15,81543,2249],{},[20,81545,361],{},[36,81547,81549],{"className":38,"code":81548,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81550,81551,81583,81605,81609],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81552,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81554,124],{"class":51},[45,81556,56],{"class":55},[45,81558,1427],{"class":59},[45,81560,198],{"class":63},[45,81562,1430],{"class":67},[45,81564,198],{"class":63},[45,81566,84],{"class":59},[45,81568,211],{"class":63},[45,81570,1133],{"class":67},[45,81572,198],{"class":63},[45,81574,84],{"class":59},[45,81576,211],{"class":63},[45,81578,2294],{"class":67},[45,81580,198],{"class":63},[45,81582,244],{"class":59},[45,81584,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81586,3846],{"class":51},[45,81588,56],{"class":55},[45,81590,587],{"class":171},[45,81592,156],{"class":59},[45,81594,39857],{"class":152},[45,81596,156],{"class":59},[45,81598,2418],{"class":171},[45,81600,84],{"class":59},[45,81602,4113],{"class":135},[45,81604,179],{"class":59},[45,81606,81607],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81608,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81610,81611,81613,81615,81617],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81612,153],{"class":152},[45,81614,156],{"class":59},[45,81616,3876],{"class":135},[45,81618,161],{"class":59},[20,81620,182],{},[36,81622,81623],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,81624,81625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81626,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81628,223],{"class":59},[45,81630,1430],{"class":96},[45,81632,84],{"class":59},[45,81634,1035],{"class":96},[45,81636,84],{"class":59},[45,81638,1063],{"class":96},[45,81640,244],{"class":59},[20,81642,81643],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81645,81646],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[36,81648,81650],{"className":38,"code":81649,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81651,81652,81672,81694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81653,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81655,3846],{"class":51},[45,81657,56],{"class":55},[45,81659,1427],{"class":59},[45,81661,1430],{"class":96},[45,81663,84],{"class":59},[45,81665,1035],{"class":96},[45,81667,84],{"class":59},[45,81669,1063],{"class":96},[45,81671,244],{"class":59},[45,81673,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81675,716],{"class":51},[45,81677,56],{"class":55},[45,81679,587],{"class":171},[45,81681,156],{"class":59},[45,81683,39857],{"class":152},[45,81685,156],{"class":59},[45,81687,3669],{"class":171},[45,81689,84],{"class":59},[45,81691,4488],{"class":135},[45,81693,179],{"class":59},[45,81695,81696,81698,81700,81702],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81697,153],{"class":152},[45,81699,156],{"class":59},[45,81701,740],{"class":135},[45,81703,161],{"class":59},[36,81705,81707],{"className":38,"code":81706,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81708,81709,81729,81756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81710,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81712,3846],{"class":51},[45,81714,56],{"class":55},[45,81716,1427],{"class":59},[45,81718,1430],{"class":96},[45,81720,84],{"class":59},[45,81722,1035],{"class":96},[45,81724,84],{"class":59},[45,81726,1063],{"class":96},[45,81728,244],{"class":59},[45,81730,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745,81747,81750,81752,81754],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81732,716],{"class":51},[45,81734,56],{"class":55},[45,81736,1427],{"class":59},[45,81738,3669],{"class":171},[45,81740,156],{"class":59},[45,81742,76037],{"class":135},[45,81744,3889],{"class":59},[45,81746,4105],{"class":921},[45,81748,81749],{"class":51}," n ",[45,81751,927],{"class":921},[45,81753,4488],{"class":51},[45,81755,244],{"class":59},[45,81757,81758,81760,81762,81764],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81759,153],{"class":152},[45,81761,156],{"class":59},[45,81763,740],{"class":135},[45,81765,161],{"class":59},[20,81767,81768],{},"Both produce:",[36,81770,81771],{"className":38,"code":81132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,81772,81773],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81774,81775,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793,81795,81797,81799],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81776,223],{"class":59},[45,81778,198],{"class":63},[45,81780,1430],{"class":67},[45,81782,198],{"class":63},[45,81784,84],{"class":59},[45,81786,211],{"class":63},[45,81788,1133],{"class":67},[45,81790,198],{"class":63},[45,81792,84],{"class":59},[45,81794,211],{"class":63},[45,81796,2294],{"class":67},[45,81798,198],{"class":63},[45,81800,244],{"class":59},[20,81802,81803],{},"A simple rule:",[258,81805,81806,81811,81816],{},[261,81807,39988,81808,81810],{},[15,81809,39714],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[261,81812,39994,81813,81815],{},[15,81814,855],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[261,81817,81818],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81820,81821,81822,132],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[277,81823,4618],{"href":4617},[31,81825,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,81827,81829,81830],{"id":81828},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81831,24947],{},[20,81833,81834],{},"This is very common:",[36,81836,81837],{"className":38,"code":80982,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,81838,81839,81859,81877,81881],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81840,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81842,3846],{"class":51},[45,81844,56],{"class":55},[45,81846,1427],{"class":59},[45,81848,1430],{"class":96},[45,81850,84],{"class":59},[45,81852,1035],{"class":96},[45,81854,84],{"class":59},[45,81856,1063],{"class":96},[45,81858,244],{"class":59},[45,81860,81861,81863,81865,81867,81869,81871,81873,81875],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81862,716],{"class":51},[45,81864,56],{"class":55},[45,81866,80029],{"class":152},[45,81868,156],{"class":59},[45,81870,3669],{"class":171},[45,81872,84],{"class":59},[45,81874,4488],{"class":135},[45,81876,161],{"class":59},[45,81878,81879],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,81880,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,81882,81883,81885,81887,81889],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,81884,153],{"class":152},[45,81886,156],{"class":59},[45,81888,740],{"class":135},[45,81890,161],{"class":59},[20,81892,81893],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81895,39259],{},[36,81897,81899],{"className":38,"code":81898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81900,81901],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81902,81903,81905,81907,81909,81911,81913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81904,153],{"class":152},[45,81906,156],{"class":59},[45,81908,172],{"class":171},[45,81910,156],{"class":59},[45,81912,740],{"class":135},[45,81914,179],{"class":59},[1398,81916,81918],{"id":81917},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81920,1412],{},[36,81922,81924],{"className":38,"code":81923,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81925,81926,81946],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81927,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81929,3846],{"class":51},[45,81931,56],{"class":55},[45,81933,1427],{"class":59},[45,81935,1430],{"class":96},[45,81937,84],{"class":59},[45,81939,1035],{"class":96},[45,81941,84],{"class":59},[45,81943,1063],{"class":96},[45,81945,244],{"class":59},[45,81947,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958,81961,81963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,81949,716],{"class":51},[45,81951,56],{"class":55},[45,81953,80029],{"class":152},[45,81955,156],{"class":59},[45,81957,3669],{"class":171},[45,81959,81960],{"class":59},"(),",[45,81962,4488],{"class":135},[45,81964,161],{"class":59},[20,81966,81967,81968,81970,81971,81973],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81969,47685],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81972,39714],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81975,16848],{},[36,81977,81978],{"className":38,"code":81069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,81979,81980,82000,82018,82022],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,81981,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,81983,3846],{"class":51},[45,81985,56],{"class":55},[45,81987,1427],{"class":59},[45,81989,1430],{"class":96},[45,81991,84],{"class":59},[45,81993,1035],{"class":96},[45,81995,84],{"class":59},[45,81997,1063],{"class":96},[45,81999,244],{"class":59},[45,82001,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82003,716],{"class":51},[45,82005,56],{"class":55},[45,82007,80029],{"class":152},[45,82009,156],{"class":59},[45,82011,3669],{"class":171},[45,82013,84],{"class":59},[45,82015,4488],{"class":135},[45,82017,161],{"class":59},[45,82019,82020],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82021,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82023,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82025,153],{"class":152},[45,82027,156],{"class":59},[45,82029,172],{"class":171},[45,82031,156],{"class":59},[45,82033,740],{"class":135},[45,82035,179],{"class":59},[1398,82037,82039],{"id":82038},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82041,82042],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82044,1412],{},[36,82046,82048],{"className":38,"code":82047,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82049,82050,82067,82077,82081,82101,82120,82124],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82051,82052,82054,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82053,34844],{"class":1597},[45,82055,82056],{"class":34847}," add",[45,82058,156],{"class":59},[45,82060,277],{"class":37659},[45,82062,84],{"class":59},[45,82064,2789],{"class":37659},[45,82066,8559],{"class":59},[45,82068,82069,82071,82073,82075],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82070,34855],{"class":921},[45,82072,44545],{"class":51},[45,82074,2291],{"class":55},[45,82076,36177],{"class":51},[45,82078,82079],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82080,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82082,82083,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82084,3846],{"class":51},[45,82086,56],{"class":55},[45,82088,1427],{"class":59},[45,82090,1430],{"class":96},[45,82092,84],{"class":59},[45,82094,1035],{"class":96},[45,82096,84],{"class":59},[45,82098,1063],{"class":96},[45,82100,244],{"class":59},[45,82102,82103,82105,82107,82109,82111,82114,82116,82118],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,82104,716],{"class":51},[45,82106,56],{"class":55},[45,82108,80029],{"class":152},[45,82110,156],{"class":59},[45,82112,82113],{"class":135},"add",[45,82115,84],{"class":59},[45,82117,4488],{"class":135},[45,82119,161],{"class":59},[45,82121,82122],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,82123,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82125,82126,82128,82130,82132,82134,82136],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,82127,153],{"class":152},[45,82129,156],{"class":59},[45,82131,172],{"class":171},[45,82133,156],{"class":59},[45,82135,740],{"class":135},[45,82137,179],{"class":59},[20,82139,16848],{},[36,82141,82143],{"className":38,"code":82142,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82144,82145,82161,82171,82175,82195,82215,82237,82241],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82146,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82148,34844],{"class":1597},[45,82150,82056],{"class":34847},[45,82152,156],{"class":59},[45,82154,277],{"class":37659},[45,82156,84],{"class":59},[45,82158,2789],{"class":37659},[45,82160,8559],{"class":59},[45,82162,82163,82165,82167,82169],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82164,34855],{"class":921},[45,82166,44545],{"class":51},[45,82168,2291],{"class":55},[45,82170,36177],{"class":51},[45,82172,82173],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82174,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82178,80665],{"class":51},[45,82180,56],{"class":55},[45,82182,1427],{"class":59},[45,82184,1430],{"class":96},[45,82186,84],{"class":59},[45,82188,1035],{"class":96},[45,82190,84],{"class":59},[45,82192,1063],{"class":96},[45,82194,244],{"class":59},[45,82196,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,82198,80686],{"class":51},[45,82200,56],{"class":55},[45,82202,1427],{"class":59},[45,82204,2560],{"class":96},[45,82206,84],{"class":59},[45,82208,97],{"class":96},[45,82210,84],{"class":59},[45,82212,8016],{"class":96},[45,82214,244],{"class":59},[45,82216,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229,82231,82233,82235],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,82218,716],{"class":51},[45,82220,56],{"class":55},[45,82222,80029],{"class":152},[45,82224,156],{"class":59},[45,82226,82113],{"class":135},[45,82228,84],{"class":59},[45,82230,80724],{"class":135},[45,82232,84],{"class":59},[45,82234,80729],{"class":135},[45,82236,161],{"class":59},[45,82238,82239],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,82240,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,82244,153],{"class":152},[45,82246,156],{"class":59},[45,82248,172],{"class":171},[45,82250,156],{"class":59},[45,82252,740],{"class":135},[45,82254,179],{"class":59},[1398,82256,82258],{"id":82257},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82260,1412],{},[36,82262,82263],{"className":38,"code":81265,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,82264,82265,82285,82303,82307,82321],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82266,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82268,3846],{"class":51},[45,82270,56],{"class":55},[45,82272,1427],{"class":59},[45,82274,1430],{"class":96},[45,82276,84],{"class":59},[45,82278,1035],{"class":96},[45,82280,84],{"class":59},[45,82282,1063],{"class":96},[45,82284,244],{"class":59},[45,82286,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82288,716],{"class":51},[45,82290,56],{"class":55},[45,82292,80029],{"class":152},[45,82294,156],{"class":59},[45,82296,3669],{"class":171},[45,82298,84],{"class":59},[45,82300,4488],{"class":135},[45,82302,161],{"class":59},[45,82304,82305],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82306,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82308,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82310,153],{"class":152},[45,82312,156],{"class":59},[45,82314,172],{"class":171},[45,82316,156],{"class":59},[45,82318,740],{"class":135},[45,82320,179],{"class":59},[45,82322,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,82324,153],{"class":152},[45,82326,156],{"class":59},[45,82328,172],{"class":171},[45,82330,156],{"class":59},[45,82332,740],{"class":135},[45,82334,179],{"class":59},[20,82336,82337],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82339,82340],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[31,82342,67902],{"id":67901},[20,82344,9093,82345,82347],{},[15,82346,39714],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[36,82349,82351],{"className":38,"code":82350,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82352,82353,82363,82377,82391,82403],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82354,82355,82357,82359,82361],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82356,153],{"class":152},[45,82358,156],{"class":59},[45,82360,740],{"class":135},[45,82362,161],{"class":59},[45,82364,82365,82367,82369,82371,82373,82375],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82366,153],{"class":152},[45,82368,156],{"class":59},[45,82370,172],{"class":171},[45,82372,156],{"class":59},[45,82374,740],{"class":135},[45,82376,179],{"class":59},[45,82378,82379,82381,82383,82385,82387,82389],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82380,153],{"class":152},[45,82382,156],{"class":59},[45,82384,1478],{"class":171},[45,82386,156],{"class":59},[45,82388,740],{"class":135},[45,82390,179],{"class":59},[45,82392,82393,82395,82397,82399,82401],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82394,855],{"class":921},[45,82396,6181],{"class":51},[45,82398,927],{"class":921},[45,82400,81224],{"class":51},[45,82402,6614],{"class":59},[45,82404,82405,82407,82409,82411],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,82406,942],{"class":152},[45,82408,156],{"class":59},[45,82410,23483],{"class":135},[45,82412,161],{"class":59},[20,82414,12874],{},[258,82416,82417,82422,82427,82433],{},[261,82418,82419,82421],{},[15,82420,835],{}," shows that you have a map object",[261,82423,82424,82426],{},[15,82425,844],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[261,82428,82429,82432],{},[15,82430,82431],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[261,82434,82435,82436,82438],{},"looping over ",[15,82437,740],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82440,82441,82442,82445,82446,82448],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82443,82444],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82447,855],{}," loop consume the map object.",[31,82450,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,82452,2062,82454,82456],{"id":82453},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82455,39714],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82458,82459,82460,82462,82463,2072],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82461,39714],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82464,82465],{},"list(map(...))",[1398,82467,15096,82469,82471,82472,82474],{"id":82468},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82470,39714],{}," better than a ",[15,82473,855],{}," loop?",[20,82476,82477,82478,82480,82481,82483],{},"Not always. ",[15,82479,39714],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82482,855],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1398,82485,5390,82487,82489],{"id":82486},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82488,39714],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82491,82492],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1398,82494,82496],{"id":82495},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82498,82499],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[31,82501,2114],{"id":2113},[258,82503,82504,82510,82516,82520,82524],{},[261,82505,82506],{},[277,82507,3802,82508,3735],{"href":40083},[15,82509,37572],{},[261,82511,82512],{},[277,82513,3802,82514,3735],{"href":64854},[15,82515,24947],{},[261,82517,82518],{},[277,82519,5442],{"href":5354},[261,82521,82522],{},[277,82523,5447],{"href":4617},[261,82525,82526],{},[277,82527,5437],{"href":5358},[2154,82529,82530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":82532},[82533,82534,82536,82537,82538,82540,82545,82552,82554,82561,82562,82571],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":80108,"depth":121,"text":82535},"What map() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":80427,"depth":121,"text":82539},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80611,"depth":121,"text":82541,"children":82542},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82543],{"id":80799,"depth":142,"text":82544},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80956,"depth":121,"text":82546,"children":82547},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82548,82550,82551],{"id":80974,"depth":142,"text":82549},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81165,"depth":142,"text":81166},{"id":81258,"depth":142,"text":81259},{"id":81519,"depth":121,"text":82553},"When to use map()",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":82555},[82556,82558,82559,82560],{"id":81828,"depth":142,"text":82557},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81917,"depth":142,"text":81918},{"id":82038,"depth":142,"text":82039},{"id":82257,"depth":142,"text":82258},{"id":67901,"depth":121,"text":67902},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":82563},[82564,82566,82568,82570],{"id":82453,"depth":142,"text":82565},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82468,"depth":142,"text":82567},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82486,"depth":142,"text":82569},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82495,"depth":142,"text":82496},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79940,"description":82572},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82579,"title":82580,"body":82581,"description":84601,"extension":2195,"meta":84602,"navigation":145,"path":84603,"seo":84604,"stem":84605,"__hash__":84606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82582,"toc":84559},[82583,82589,82594,82597,82605,82608,82610,82734,82736,82754,82756,82776,82781,82785,82799,82802,82805,82807,82812,82924,82927,82945,82951,82954,83016,83018,83027,83030,83044,83046,83094,83096,83105,83115,83121,83124,83151,83153,83161,83164,83167,83237,83239,83247,83250,83255,83260,83311,83313,83321,83324,83326,83343,83345,83397,83400,83406,83410,83415,83418,83422,83481,83483,83492,83498,83507,83511,83574,83576,83584,83589,83593,83598,83678,83680,83689,83696,83701,83706,83709,83744,83746,83754,83757,83763,83765,83815,83817,83826,83829,83847,83849,83854,83860,83867,83894,83896,83919,83924,83959,83964,83970,83975,84018,84021,84024,84063,84070,84076,84081,84096,84100,84107,84110,84114,84119,84123,84128,84130,84191,84193,84222,84227,84234,84243,84245,84248,84273,84275,84378,84381,84399,84408,84410,84415,84418,84424,84427,84429,84439,84445,84449,84507,84514,84522,84524,84556],[10,82584,3802,82586,3806],{"id":82585},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82587,82588],{},"max()",[20,82590,9341,82591,82593],{},[15,82592,82588],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82595,82596],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[258,82598,82599,82602],{},[261,82600,82601],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[261,82603,82604],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82606,82607],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[31,82609,34],{"id":33},[36,82611,82613],{"className":38,"code":82612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82614,82615,82639,82654,82658,82684,82688,82720],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82616,82617,82619,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82618,3846],{"class":51},[45,82620,56],{"class":55},[45,82622,1427],{"class":59},[45,82624,2294],{"class":96},[45,82626,84],{"class":59},[45,82628,6580],{"class":96},[45,82630,84],{"class":59},[45,82632,1035],{"class":96},[45,82634,84],{"class":59},[45,82636,4828],{"class":96},[45,82638,244],{"class":59},[45,82640,82641,82643,82645,82648,82650,82652],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82642,153],{"class":152},[45,82644,156],{"class":59},[45,82646,82647],{"class":152},"max",[45,82649,156],{"class":59},[45,82651,3876],{"class":135},[45,82653,179],{"class":59},[45,82655,82656],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82657,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82659,82660,82662,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82674,82676,82678,82680,82682],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82661,153],{"class":152},[45,82663,156],{"class":59},[45,82665,82647],{"class":152},[45,82667,156],{"class":59},[45,82669,2294],{"class":96},[45,82671,84],{"class":59},[45,82673,6580],{"class":96},[45,82675,84],{"class":59},[45,82677,1035],{"class":96},[45,82679,84],{"class":59},[45,82681,4828],{"class":96},[45,82683,179],{"class":59},[45,82685,82686],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,82687,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,82689,82690,82692,82694,82696,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,82691,4296],{"class":51},[45,82693,56],{"class":55},[45,82695,1427],{"class":59},[45,82697,64],{"class":63},[45,82699,1028],{"class":67},[45,82701,64],{"class":63},[45,82703,84],{"class":59},[45,82705,76],{"class":63},[45,82707,1042],{"class":67},[45,82709,64],{"class":63},[45,82711,84],{"class":59},[45,82713,76],{"class":63},[45,82715,78751],{"class":67},[45,82717,64],{"class":63},[45,82719,244],{"class":59},[45,82721,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,82723,153],{"class":152},[45,82725,156],{"class":59},[45,82727,82647],{"class":152},[45,82729,156],{"class":59},[45,82731,4338],{"class":135},[45,82733,179],{"class":59},[20,82735,182],{},[36,82737,82739],{"className":38,"code":82738,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82740,82741,82745,82749],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82742,82743],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82744,2611],{"class":96},[45,82746,82747],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82748,2611],{"class":96},[45,82750,82751],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82752,82753],{"class":51},"pear\n",[20,82755,20135],{},[258,82757,82758,82764,82770],{},[261,82759,82760,82763],{},[15,82761,82762],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[261,82765,82766,82769],{},[15,82767,82768],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[261,82771,82772,82775],{},[15,82773,82774],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[31,82777,253,82779,256],{"id":82778},"what-max-does",[15,82780,82588],{},[20,82782,82783,73],{},[15,82784,82588],{},[258,82786,82787,82790,82793,82796],{},[261,82788,82789],{},"Returns the largest item",[261,82791,82792],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[261,82794,82795],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[261,82797,82798],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82800,82801],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82803,82804],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[31,82806,284],{"id":283},[20,82808,82809,82810,73],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82811,82588],{},[36,82813,82815],{"className":38,"code":82814,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82816,82817,82827,82851,82873,82896],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82818,82819,82821,82823,82825],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82820,82647],{"class":152},[45,82822,156],{"class":59},[45,82824,3948],{"class":135},[45,82826,161],{"class":59},[45,82828,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82840,82842,82844,82846,82849],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82830,82647],{"class":152},[45,82832,156],{"class":59},[45,82834,3948],{"class":135},[45,82836,84],{"class":59},[45,82838,82839],{"class":55}," *",[45,82841,84],{"class":59},[45,82843,21758],{"class":9393},[45,82845,56],{"class":55},[45,82847,82848],{"class":135},"func",[45,82850,161],{"class":59},[45,82852,82853,82855,82857,82859,82861,82863,82865,82867,82869,82871],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,82854,82647],{"class":152},[45,82856,156],{"class":59},[45,82858,3948],{"class":135},[45,82860,84],{"class":59},[45,82862,82839],{"class":55},[45,82864,84],{"class":59},[45,82866,26679],{"class":9393},[45,82868,56],{"class":55},[45,82870,947],{"class":135},[45,82872,161],{"class":59},[45,82874,82875,82877,82879,82882,82884,82887,82889,82891,82894],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,82876,82647],{"class":152},[45,82878,156],{"class":59},[45,82880,82881],{"class":135},"arg1",[45,82883,84],{"class":59},[45,82885,82886],{"class":135}," arg2",[45,82888,84],{"class":59},[45,82890,82839],{"class":55},[45,82892,82893],{"class":135},"args",[45,82895,161],{"class":59},[45,82897,82898,82900,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,82899,82647],{"class":152},[45,82901,156],{"class":59},[45,82903,82881],{"class":135},[45,82905,84],{"class":59},[45,82907,82886],{"class":135},[45,82909,84],{"class":59},[45,82911,82839],{"class":55},[45,82913,82893],{"class":135},[45,82915,84],{"class":59},[45,82917,21758],{"class":9393},[45,82919,56],{"class":55},[45,82921,82848],{"class":135},[45,82923,161],{"class":59},[20,82925,82926],{},"The most important parts are:",[258,82928,82929,82934,82939],{},[261,82930,82931,82933],{},[15,82932,3948],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[261,82935,82936,82938],{},[15,82937,15034],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[261,82940,82941,82944],{},[15,82942,82943],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[31,82946,1797,82948,82950],{"id":82947},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82949,82588],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82952,82953],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[36,82955,82957],{"className":38,"code":82956,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82958,82959,82985,83001,83005],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,82960,82961,82963,82965,82967,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82983],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,82962,866],{"class":51},[45,82964,56],{"class":55},[45,82966,1427],{"class":59},[45,82968,82969],{"class":96},"72",[45,82971,84],{"class":59},[45,82973,51513],{"class":96},[45,82975,84],{"class":59},[45,82977,896],{"class":96},[45,82979,84],{"class":59},[45,82981,82982],{"class":96}," 66",[45,82984,244],{"class":59},[45,82986,82987,82990,82992,82995,82997,82999],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,82988,82989],{"class":51},"highest_score ",[45,82991,56],{"class":55},[45,82993,82994],{"class":152}," max",[45,82996,156],{"class":59},[45,82998,16582],{"class":135},[45,83000,161],{"class":59},[45,83002,83003],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,83004,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,83006,83007,83009,83011,83014],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,83008,153],{"class":152},[45,83010,156],{"class":59},[45,83012,83013],{"class":135},"highest_score",[45,83015,161],{"class":59},[20,83017,182],{},[36,83019,83021],{"className":38,"code":83020,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"91\n",[15,83022,83023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83024,83025],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83026,83020],{"class":96},[20,83028,83029],{},"This works well for:",[258,83031,83032,83035,83038,83041],{},[261,83033,83034],{},"Scores",[261,83036,83037],{},"Prices",[261,83039,83040],{},"Ages",[261,83042,83043],{},"Counts",[20,83045,52083],{},[36,83047,83049],{"className":38,"code":83048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83050,83051,83079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83052,83053,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83067,83069,83072,83074,83077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83054,83055],{"class":51},"prices ",[45,83057,56],{"class":55},[45,83059,1427],{"class":59},[45,83061,40396],{"class":96},[45,83063,84],{"class":59},[45,83065,83066],{"class":96}," 5.50",[45,83068,84],{"class":59},[45,83070,83071],{"class":96}," 12.75",[45,83073,84],{"class":59},[45,83075,83076],{"class":96}," 29.00",[45,83078,244],{"class":59},[45,83080,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83092],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83082,153],{"class":152},[45,83084,156],{"class":59},[45,83086,82647],{"class":152},[45,83088,156],{"class":59},[45,83090,83091],{"class":135},"prices",[45,83093,179],{"class":59},[20,83095,182],{},[36,83097,83099],{"className":38,"code":83098,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"29.0\n",[15,83100,83101],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83102,83103],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83104,83098],{"class":96},[20,83106,83107,83108,83110,83111,132],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83109,82588],{}," is simpler than ",[277,83112,83113],{"href":74528},[15,83114,74431],{},[31,83116,1797,83118,83120],{"id":83117},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83119,82588],{}," with separate values",[20,83122,83123],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[36,83125,83127],{"className":38,"code":83126,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83128,83129],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83130,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83132,153],{"class":152},[45,83134,156],{"class":59},[45,83136,82647],{"class":152},[45,83138,156],{"class":59},[45,83140,2734],{"class":96},[45,83142,84],{"class":59},[45,83144,31097],{"class":96},[45,83146,84],{"class":59},[45,83148,6214],{"class":96},[45,83150,179],{"class":59},[20,83152,182],{},[36,83154,83155],{"className":38,"code":2455,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,83156,83157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83158,83159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83160,2455],{"class":96},[20,83162,83163],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83165,83166],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[36,83168,83170],{"className":38,"code":83169,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83171,83172,83181,83189,83199,83203,83226],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83173,83174,83176,83178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83175,2784],{"class":51},[45,83177,56],{"class":55},[45,83179,83180],{"class":96}," 15\n",[45,83182,83183,83185,83187],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83184,2812],{"class":51},[45,83186,56],{"class":55},[45,83188,2999],{"class":96},[45,83190,83191,83194,83196],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,83192,83193],{"class":51},"c ",[45,83195,56],{"class":55},[45,83197,83198],{"class":96}," 27\n",[45,83200,83201],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,83202,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,83204,83205,83208,83210,83212,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,83206,83207],{"class":51},"largest ",[45,83209,56],{"class":55},[45,83211,82994],{"class":152},[45,83213,156],{"class":59},[45,83215,277],{"class":135},[45,83217,84],{"class":59},[45,83219,2789],{"class":135},[45,83221,84],{"class":59},[45,83223,9893],{"class":135},[45,83225,161],{"class":59},[45,83227,83228,83230,83232,83235],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,83229,153],{"class":152},[45,83231,156],{"class":59},[45,83233,83234],{"class":135},"largest",[45,83236,161],{"class":59},[20,83238,182],{},[36,83240,83241],{"className":38,"code":46613,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,83242,83243],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83244,83245],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83246,46613],{"class":96},[20,83248,83249],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[31,83251,1797,83253,47060],{"id":83252},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83254,82588],{},[20,83256,83257,83259],{},[15,83258,82588],{}," can compare strings too.",[36,83261,83263],{"className":38,"code":83262,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83264,83265,83297],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83266,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285,83287,83289,83291,83293,83295],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83268,4296],{"class":51},[45,83270,56],{"class":55},[45,83272,1427],{"class":59},[45,83274,64],{"class":63},[45,83276,1028],{"class":67},[45,83278,64],{"class":63},[45,83280,84],{"class":59},[45,83282,76],{"class":63},[45,83284,1042],{"class":67},[45,83286,64],{"class":63},[45,83288,84],{"class":59},[45,83290,76],{"class":63},[45,83292,78751],{"class":67},[45,83294,64],{"class":63},[45,83296,244],{"class":59},[45,83298,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83300,153],{"class":152},[45,83302,156],{"class":59},[45,83304,82647],{"class":152},[45,83306,156],{"class":59},[45,83308,4338],{"class":135},[45,83310,179],{"class":59},[20,83312,182],{},[36,83314,83315],{"className":38,"code":82753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,83316,83317],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83318,83319],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83320,82753],{"class":51},[20,83322,83323],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83325,68290],{},[258,83327,83328,83337,83340],{},[261,83329,83330,83333,83334,83336],{},[15,83331,83332],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83335,65281],{}," alphabetically",[261,83338,83339],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[261,83341,83342],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83344,361],{},[36,83346,83348],{"className":38,"code":83347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83349,83350,83383],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83351,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83353,4296],{"class":51},[45,83355,56],{"class":55},[45,83357,1427],{"class":59},[45,83359,64],{"class":63},[45,83361,1028],{"class":67},[45,83363,64],{"class":63},[45,83365,84],{"class":59},[45,83367,76],{"class":63},[45,83369,83370],{"class":67},"Banana",[45,83372,64],{"class":63},[45,83374,84],{"class":59},[45,83376,76],{"class":63},[45,83378,78751],{"class":67},[45,83380,64],{"class":63},[45,83382,244],{"class":59},[45,83384,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83386,153],{"class":152},[45,83388,156],{"class":59},[45,83390,82647],{"class":152},[45,83392,156],{"class":59},[45,83394,4338],{"class":135},[45,83396,179],{"class":59},[20,83398,83399],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83401,83402,83403,83405],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83404,15034],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[31,83407,36608,83408,36611],{"id":78709},[15,83409,15034],{},[20,83411,2212,83412,83414],{},[15,83413,15034],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83416,83417],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1398,83419,83421],{"id":83420},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[36,83423,83425],{"className":38,"code":83424,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83426,83427,83459],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83428,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445,83447,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83430,4296],{"class":51},[45,83432,56],{"class":55},[45,83434,1427],{"class":59},[45,83436,64],{"class":63},[45,83438,37043],{"class":67},[45,83440,64],{"class":63},[45,83442,84],{"class":59},[45,83444,76],{"class":63},[45,83446,68333],{"class":67},[45,83448,64],{"class":63},[45,83450,84],{"class":59},[45,83452,76],{"class":63},[45,83454,58132],{"class":67},[45,83456,64],{"class":63},[45,83458,244],{"class":59},[45,83460,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475,83477,83479],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83462,153],{"class":152},[45,83464,156],{"class":59},[45,83466,82647],{"class":152},[45,83468,156],{"class":59},[45,83470,4338],{"class":135},[45,83472,84],{"class":59},[45,83474,21758],{"class":9393},[45,83476,56],{"class":55},[45,83478,11369],{"class":152},[45,83480,179],{"class":59},[20,83482,182],{},[36,83484,83486],{"className":38,"code":83485,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"elephant\n",[15,83487,83488],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83489,83490],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83491,83485],{"class":51},[20,83493,20949,83494,83497],{},[15,83495,83496],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83499,83500,83501,1491,83503,132],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83502,42360],{},[277,83504,83505,6004],{"href":42357},[15,83506,42360],{},[1398,83508,83510],{"id":83509},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[36,83512,83514],{"className":38,"code":83513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83515,83516,83548],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83517,83518,83520,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540,83542,83544,83546],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83519,4296],{"class":51},[45,83521,56],{"class":55},[45,83523,1427],{"class":59},[45,83525,64],{"class":63},[45,83527,1028],{"class":67},[45,83529,64],{"class":63},[45,83531,84],{"class":59},[45,83533,76],{"class":63},[45,83535,83370],{"class":67},[45,83537,64],{"class":63},[45,83539,84],{"class":59},[45,83541,76],{"class":63},[45,83543,78751],{"class":67},[45,83545,64],{"class":63},[45,83547,244],{"class":59},[45,83549,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83551,153],{"class":152},[45,83553,156],{"class":59},[45,83555,82647],{"class":152},[45,83557,156],{"class":59},[45,83559,4338],{"class":135},[45,83561,84],{"class":59},[45,83563,21758],{"class":9393},[45,83565,56],{"class":55},[45,83567,3669],{"class":171},[45,83569,132],{"class":59},[45,83571,8858],{"class":1863},[45,83573,179],{"class":59},[20,83575,182],{},[36,83577,83578],{"className":38,"code":82753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,83579,83580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83581,83582],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83583,82753],{"class":51},[20,83585,20949,83586,83588],{},[15,83587,78705],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1398,83590,83592],{"id":83591},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83594,83595,83596,73],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83597,37656],{},[36,83599,83601],{"className":38,"code":83600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83602,83603,83646],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83604,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615,83617,83619,83621,83624,83626,83628,83630,83633,83635,83637,83639,83642,83644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83606,8001],{"class":51},[45,83608,56],{"class":55},[45,83610,1427],{"class":59},[45,83612,64],{"class":63},[45,83614,277],{"class":67},[45,83616,64],{"class":63},[45,83618,84],{"class":59},[45,83620,76],{"class":63},[45,83622,83623],{"class":67},"bb",[45,83625,64],{"class":63},[45,83627,84],{"class":59},[45,83629,76],{"class":63},[45,83631,83632],{"class":67},"cccc",[45,83634,64],{"class":63},[45,83636,84],{"class":59},[45,83638,76],{"class":63},[45,83640,83641],{"class":67},"ddd",[45,83643,64],{"class":63},[45,83645,244],{"class":59},[45,83647,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670,83672,83674,83676],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83649,153],{"class":152},[45,83651,156],{"class":59},[45,83653,82647],{"class":152},[45,83655,156],{"class":59},[45,83657,1289],{"class":135},[45,83659,84],{"class":59},[45,83661,21758],{"class":9393},[45,83663,56],{"class":55},[45,83665,37656],{"class":1597},[45,83667,42841],{"class":37659},[45,83669,73],{"class":59},[45,83671,38383],{"class":152},[45,83673,156],{"class":59},[45,83675,34701],{"class":135},[45,83677,3143],{"class":59},[20,83679,182],{},[36,83681,83683],{"className":38,"code":83682,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cccc\n",[15,83684,83685],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83686,83687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83688,83682],{"class":51},[20,83690,49552,83691,329,83693,83695],{},[15,83692,83496],{},[15,83694,78592],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[31,83697,36608,83699,36611],{"id":83698},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83700,82943],{},[20,83702,2212,83703,83705],{},[15,83704,82943],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83707,83708],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[36,83710,83712],{"className":38,"code":83711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83713,83714,83722],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83715,83716,83718,83720],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83717,3846],{"class":51},[45,83719,56],{"class":55},[45,83721,8059],{"class":59},[45,83723,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83725,153],{"class":152},[45,83727,156],{"class":59},[45,83729,82647],{"class":152},[45,83731,156],{"class":59},[45,83733,3876],{"class":135},[45,83735,84],{"class":59},[45,83737,26679],{"class":9393},[45,83739,56],{"class":55},[45,83741,1117],{"class":96},[45,83743,179],{"class":59},[20,83745,182],{},[36,83747,83748],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,83749,83750],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83751,83752],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83753,47253],{"class":96},[20,83755,83756],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83758,83759,83760,83762],{},"Without ",[15,83761,82943],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83764,52083],{},[36,83766,83768],{"className":38,"code":83767,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83769,83770,83778,83805],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83771,83772,83774,83776],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83773,4296],{"class":51},[45,83775,56],{"class":55},[45,83777,8059],{"class":59},[45,83779,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83801,83803],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83781,716],{"class":51},[45,83783,56],{"class":55},[45,83785,82994],{"class":152},[45,83787,156],{"class":59},[45,83789,4338],{"class":135},[45,83791,84],{"class":59},[45,83793,26679],{"class":9393},[45,83795,56],{"class":55},[45,83797,64],{"class":63},[45,83799,83800],{"class":67},"no words found",[45,83802,64],{"class":63},[45,83804,161],{"class":59},[45,83806,83807,83809,83811,83813],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,83808,153],{"class":152},[45,83810,156],{"class":59},[45,83812,740],{"class":135},[45,83814,161],{"class":59},[20,83816,182],{},[36,83818,83820],{"className":38,"code":83819,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"no words found\n",[15,83821,83822],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83823,83824],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83825,83819],{"class":51},[20,83827,83828],{},"Important:",[258,83830,83831,83839],{},[261,83832,83833,83835,83836],{},[15,83834,82943],{}," works with ",[15,83837,83838],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[261,83840,40904,83841,83843,83844],{},[355,83842,4854],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83845,83846],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[31,83848,47988],{"id":47987},[20,83850,83851,83852,132],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83853,82588],{},[1398,83855,83857,83859],{"id":83856},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83858,40702],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83861,83862,83863,45909,83865,132],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83864,82943],{},[15,83866,40702],{},[36,83868,83870],{"className":38,"code":83869,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83871,83872,83880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83873,83874,83876,83878],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83875,3846],{"class":51},[45,83877,56],{"class":55},[45,83879,8059],{"class":59},[45,83881,83882,83884,83886,83888,83890,83892],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83883,153],{"class":152},[45,83885,156],{"class":59},[45,83887,82647],{"class":152},[45,83889,156],{"class":59},[45,83891,3876],{"class":135},[45,83893,179],{"class":59},[20,83895,29836],{},[36,83897,83899],{"className":38,"code":83898,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83900,83901],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83902,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83914,83916],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83904,40702],{"class":171},[45,83906,73],{"class":59},[45,83908,82994],{"class":152},[45,83910,7587],{"class":59},[45,83912,83913],{"class":51}," arg ",[45,83915,12395],{"class":55},[45,83917,83918],{"class":51}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83920,83921,83922,73],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83923,82943],{},[36,83925,83927],{"className":38,"code":83926,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83928,83929,83937],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83930,83931,83933,83935],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83932,3846],{"class":51},[45,83934,56],{"class":55},[45,83936,8059],{"class":59},[45,83938,83939,83941,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,83940,153],{"class":152},[45,83942,156],{"class":59},[45,83944,82647],{"class":152},[45,83946,156],{"class":59},[45,83948,3876],{"class":135},[45,83950,84],{"class":59},[45,83952,26679],{"class":9393},[45,83954,56],{"class":55},[45,83956,4006],{"class":4080},[45,83958,179],{"class":59},[20,83960,83961,83962,132],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[277,83963,65846],{"href":72885},[1398,83965,83967,83969],{"id":83966},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83968,3235],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83971,83972,83973,132],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83974,3235],{},[36,83976,83978],{"className":38,"code":83977,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83979,83980,84004],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,83981,83982,83984,83986,83988,83990,83992,83994,83996,83998,84000,84002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,83983,8001],{"class":51},[45,83985,56],{"class":55},[45,83987,1427],{"class":59},[45,83989,2560],{"class":96},[45,83991,84],{"class":59},[45,83993,76],{"class":63},[45,83995,15948],{"class":67},[45,83997,64],{"class":63},[45,83999,84],{"class":59},[45,84001,8016],{"class":96},[45,84003,244],{"class":59},[45,84005,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84007,153],{"class":152},[45,84009,156],{"class":59},[45,84011,82647],{"class":152},[45,84013,156],{"class":59},[45,84015,1289],{"class":135},[45,84017,179],{"class":59},[20,84019,84020],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84022,84023],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[36,84025,84027],{"className":38,"code":84026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84028,84029,84049],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84030,84031,84033,84035,84037,84039,84041,84043,84045,84047],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84032,8001],{"class":51},[45,84034,56],{"class":55},[45,84036,1427],{"class":59},[45,84038,2560],{"class":96},[45,84040,84],{"class":59},[45,84042,97],{"class":96},[45,84044,84],{"class":59},[45,84046,8016],{"class":96},[45,84048,244],{"class":59},[45,84050,84051,84053,84055,84057,84059,84061],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84052,153],{"class":152},[45,84054,156],{"class":59},[45,84056,82647],{"class":152},[45,84058,156],{"class":59},[45,84060,1289],{"class":135},[45,84062,179],{"class":59},[20,84064,84065,84066,132],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[277,84067,84069],{"href":84068},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1398,84071,84073,84075],{"id":84072},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84074,3235],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84077,84078,84080],{},[15,84079,82588],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[36,84082,84084],{"className":38,"code":84083,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(max())\n",[15,84085,84086],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84087,84088,84090,84092,84094],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84089,153],{"class":152},[45,84091,156],{"class":59},[45,84093,82647],{"class":152},[45,84095,598],{"class":59},[20,84097,3232,84098,132],{},[15,84099,3235],{},[31,84101,84103,1174,84105],{"id":84102},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84104,82588],{},[15,84106,74431],{},[20,84108,84109],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84111,84112,73],{},[15,84113,82588],{},[258,84115,84116],{},[261,84117,84118],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84120,84121,73],{},[15,84122,74431],{},[258,84124,84125],{},[261,84126,84127],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84129,361],{},[36,84131,84133],{"className":38,"code":84132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84134,84135,84159,84163,84177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84136,84137,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149,84151,84153,84155,84157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84138,3846],{"class":51},[45,84140,56],{"class":55},[45,84142,1427],{"class":59},[45,84144,2294],{"class":96},[45,84146,84],{"class":59},[45,84148,6580],{"class":96},[45,84150,84],{"class":59},[45,84152,1035],{"class":96},[45,84154,84],{"class":59},[45,84156,4828],{"class":96},[45,84158,244],{"class":59},[45,84160,84161],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84162,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,84164,84165,84167,84169,84171,84173,84175],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,84166,153],{"class":152},[45,84168,156],{"class":59},[45,84170,82647],{"class":152},[45,84172,156],{"class":59},[45,84174,3876],{"class":135},[45,84176,179],{"class":59},[45,84178,84179,84181,84183,84185,84187,84189],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,84180,153],{"class":152},[45,84182,156],{"class":59},[45,84184,74521],{"class":152},[45,84186,156],{"class":59},[45,84188,3876],{"class":135},[45,84190,179],{"class":59},[20,84192,182],{},[36,84194,84196],{"className":38,"code":84195,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84197,84198,84202],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84199,84200],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84201,2611],{"class":96},[45,84203,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218,84220],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84205,223],{"class":59},[45,84207,1133],{"class":96},[45,84209,84],{"class":59},[45,84211,1063],{"class":96},[45,84213,84],{"class":59},[45,84215,4828],{"class":96},[45,84217,84],{"class":59},[45,84219,6580],{"class":96},[45,84221,244],{"class":59},[20,84223,1006,84224,84226],{},[15,84225,82588],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84228,1006,84229,84233],{},[277,84230,84231],{"href":74528},[15,84232,74431],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84235,84236,84237,132],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[277,84238,84240],{"href":84239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84241,84242],{},"min()",[31,84244,3061],{"id":3060},[20,84246,84247],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[258,84249,84250,84257,84260,84265,84268],{},[261,84251,1401,84252,84254,84255],{},[15,84253,82588],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84256,82943],{},[261,84258,84259],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[261,84261,8670,84262,84264],{},[15,84263,82588],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[261,84266,84267],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[261,84269,1797,84270,84272],{},[15,84271,82943],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84274,11320],{},[36,84276,84278],{"className":38,"code":84277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84279,84280,84290,84304,84318,84332,84354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84281,84282,84284,84286,84288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84283,153],{"class":152},[45,84285,156],{"class":59},[45,84287,1289],{"class":135},[45,84289,161],{"class":59},[45,84291,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84293,153],{"class":152},[45,84295,156],{"class":59},[45,84297,1478],{"class":171},[45,84299,156],{"class":59},[45,84301,1289],{"class":135},[45,84303,179],{"class":59},[45,84305,84306,84308,84310,84312,84314,84316],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,84307,153],{"class":152},[45,84309,156],{"class":59},[45,84311,11369],{"class":152},[45,84313,156],{"class":59},[45,84315,1289],{"class":135},[45,84317,179],{"class":59},[45,84319,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,84321,153],{"class":152},[45,84323,156],{"class":59},[45,84325,82647],{"class":152},[45,84327,156],{"class":59},[45,84329,1289],{"class":135},[45,84331,179],{"class":59},[45,84333,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,84335,153],{"class":152},[45,84337,156],{"class":59},[45,84339,82647],{"class":152},[45,84341,156],{"class":59},[45,84343,1289],{"class":135},[45,84345,84],{"class":59},[45,84347,26679],{"class":9393},[45,84349,56],{"class":55},[45,84351,4006],{"class":4080},[45,84353,179],{"class":59},[45,84355,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374,84376],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,84357,153],{"class":152},[45,84359,195],{"class":59},[45,84361,1478],{"class":171},[45,84363,156],{"class":59},[45,84365,2403],{"class":135},[45,84367,3889],{"class":59},[45,84369,4105],{"class":921},[45,84371,4108],{"class":135},[45,84373,927],{"class":921},[45,84375,6186],{"class":135},[45,84377,218],{"class":59},[20,84379,84380],{},"These are useful for checking:",[258,84382,84383,84388,84393,84396],{},[261,84384,84385,84386],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84387,1289],{},[261,84389,79758,84390,84392],{},[15,84391,1289],{}," is a list or some other type",[261,84394,84395],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[261,84397,84398],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84400,69354,84401,84404,84405,84407],{},[15,84402,84403],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84406,1289],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[31,84409,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,84411,2049,84413,2052],{"id":84412},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84414,82588],{},[20,84416,84417],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1398,84419,5390,84421,84423],{"id":84420},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84422,82588],{}," work with strings?",[20,84425,84426],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1398,84428,71653],{"id":71652},[20,84430,84431,52498,84433,84435,84436,84438],{},[15,84432,82588],{},[15,84434,40702],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84437,82943],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1398,84440,84442,84443,2079],{"id":84441},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84444,82588],{},[20,84446,1006,84447,73],{},[15,84448,83496],{},[36,84450,84451],{"className":38,"code":83424,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,84452,84453,84485],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84454,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84456,4296],{"class":51},[45,84458,56],{"class":55},[45,84460,1427],{"class":59},[45,84462,64],{"class":63},[45,84464,37043],{"class":67},[45,84466,64],{"class":63},[45,84468,84],{"class":59},[45,84470,76],{"class":63},[45,84472,68333],{"class":67},[45,84474,64],{"class":63},[45,84476,84],{"class":59},[45,84478,76],{"class":63},[45,84480,58132],{"class":67},[45,84482,64],{"class":63},[45,84484,244],{"class":59},[45,84486,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84488,153],{"class":152},[45,84490,156],{"class":59},[45,84492,82647],{"class":152},[45,84494,156],{"class":59},[45,84496,4338],{"class":135},[45,84498,84],{"class":59},[45,84500,21758],{"class":9393},[45,84502,56],{"class":55},[45,84504,11369],{"class":152},[45,84506,179],{"class":59},[1398,84508,5400,84510,329,84512,2079],{"id":84509},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84511,82588],{},[15,84513,74431],{},[20,84515,84516,84518,84519,84521],{},[15,84517,82588],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":84560},[84561,84562,84564,84565,84567,84569,84571,84576,84578,84586,84588,84589,84600],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":82778,"depth":121,"text":84563},"What max() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":82947,"depth":121,"text":84566},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83117,"depth":121,"text":84568},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83252,"depth":121,"text":84570},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78709,"depth":121,"text":79907,"children":84572},[84573,84574,84575],{"id":83420,"depth":142,"text":83421},{"id":83509,"depth":142,"text":83510},{"id":83591,"depth":142,"text":83592},{"id":83698,"depth":121,"text":84577},"Using the default argument",{"id":47987,"depth":121,"text":47988,"children":84579},[84580,84582,84584],{"id":83856,"depth":142,"text":84581},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83966,"depth":142,"text":84583},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84072,"depth":142,"text":84585},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84102,"depth":121,"text":84587},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":84590},[84591,84593,84595,84596,84598],{"id":84412,"depth":142,"text":84592},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84420,"depth":142,"text":84594},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71652,"depth":142,"text":71653},{"id":84441,"depth":142,"text":84597},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84509,"depth":142,"text":84599},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82580,"description":84601},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84608,"title":84609,"body":84610,"description":86564,"extension":2195,"meta":86565,"navigation":145,"path":86566,"seo":86567,"stem":86568,"__hash__":86569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84611,"toc":86521},[84612,84617,84622,84628,84630,84704,84706,84719,84724,84729,84745,84749,84754,84830,84836,84839,84882,84884,84892,84898,84901,84932,84934,84942,84948,84953,85012,85014,85023,85026,85036,85042,85047,85082,85084,85092,85098,85104,85109,85153,85155,85164,85167,85207,85209,85218,85221,85233,85238,85243,85294,85296,85305,85308,85359,85361,85370,85373,85380,85386,85391,85393,85408,85412,85472,85474,85483,85487,85659,85661,85698,85705,85711,85714,85741,85743,85764,85769,85804,85806,85814,85817,85820,85836,85841,85843,85847,85853,85857,85884,85887,85897,85937,85941,85944,85987,85989,85998,86001,86006,86075,86077,86085,86090,86094,86097,86148,86150,86158,86161,86224,86226,86234,86237,86242,86246,86259,86266,86274,86276,86278,86308,86314,86415,86425,86427,86432,86435,86440,86443,86445,86453,86461,86469,86476,86484,86486,86518],[10,84613,3802,84615,3806],{"id":84614},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84616,84242],{},[20,84618,84619,84621],{},[15,84620,84242],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84623,84624,84625,84627],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84626,84242],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[31,84629,34],{"id":33},[36,84631,84633],{"className":38,"code":84632,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84634,84635,84659,84674,84678],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84636,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84638,3846],{"class":51},[45,84640,56],{"class":55},[45,84642,1427],{"class":59},[45,84644,2366],{"class":96},[45,84646,84],{"class":59},[45,84648,1035],{"class":96},[45,84650,84],{"class":59},[45,84652,54140],{"class":96},[45,84654,84],{"class":59},[45,84656,1049],{"class":96},[45,84658,244],{"class":59},[45,84660,84661,84663,84665,84668,84670,84672],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84662,153],{"class":152},[45,84664,156],{"class":59},[45,84666,84667],{"class":152},"min",[45,84669,156],{"class":59},[45,84671,3876],{"class":135},[45,84673,179],{"class":59},[45,84675,84676],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,84677,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,84679,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,84681,153],{"class":152},[45,84683,156],{"class":59},[45,84685,84667],{"class":152},[45,84687,156],{"class":59},[45,84689,2366],{"class":96},[45,84691,84],{"class":59},[45,84693,1035],{"class":96},[45,84695,84],{"class":59},[45,84697,54140],{"class":96},[45,84699,84],{"class":59},[45,84701,1049],{"class":96},[45,84703,179],{"class":59},[20,84705,182],{},[36,84707,84709],{"className":38,"code":84708,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1\n1\n",[15,84710,84711,84715],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84712,84713],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84714,46918],{"class":96},[45,84716,84717],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84718,46918],{"class":96},[20,84720,1006,84721,84723],{},[15,84722,84242],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[31,84725,253,84727,256],{"id":84726},"what-min-does",[15,84728,84242],{},[258,84730,84731,84736,84739,84742],{},[261,84732,84733,84735],{},[15,84734,84242],{}," returns the smallest item",[261,84737,84738],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[261,84740,84741],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[261,84743,84744],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[31,84746,84748],{"id":84747},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84750,84751,84752,73],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84753,84242],{},[36,84755,84757],{"className":38,"code":84756,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84758,84759,84769,84794,84812],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84760,84761,84763,84765,84767],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84762,84667],{"class":152},[45,84764,156],{"class":59},[45,84766,3948],{"class":135},[45,84768,161],{"class":59},[45,84770,84771,84773,84775,84778,84780,84783,84785,84788,84790,84792],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84772,84667],{"class":152},[45,84774,156],{"class":59},[45,84776,84777],{"class":135},"value1",[45,84779,84],{"class":59},[45,84781,84782],{"class":135}," value2",[45,84784,84],{"class":59},[45,84786,84787],{"class":135}," value3",[45,84789,84],{"class":59},[45,84791,34446],{"class":152},[45,84793,161],{"class":59},[45,84795,84796,84798,84800,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,84797,84667],{"class":152},[45,84799,156],{"class":59},[45,84801,3948],{"class":135},[45,84803,84],{"class":59},[45,84805,21758],{"class":9393},[45,84807,56],{"class":55},[45,84809,37367],{"class":152},[45,84811,161],{"class":59},[45,84813,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822,84824,84826,84828],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,84815,84667],{"class":152},[45,84817,156],{"class":59},[45,84819,3948],{"class":135},[45,84821,84],{"class":59},[45,84823,26679],{"class":9393},[45,84825,56],{"class":55},[45,84827,37367],{"class":152},[45,84829,161],{"class":59},[1398,84831,84833],{"id":84832},"miniterable",[15,84834,84835],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84837,84838],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[36,84840,84842],{"className":38,"code":84841,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84843,84844,84868],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84845,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854,84856,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84847,3846],{"class":51},[45,84849,56],{"class":55},[45,84851,1427],{"class":59},[45,84853,2575],{"class":96},[45,84855,84],{"class":59},[45,84857,1063],{"class":96},[45,84859,84],{"class":59},[45,84861,31097],{"class":96},[45,84863,84],{"class":59},[45,84865,1049],{"class":96},[45,84867,244],{"class":59},[45,84869,84870,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84871,153],{"class":152},[45,84873,156],{"class":59},[45,84875,84667],{"class":152},[45,84877,156],{"class":59},[45,84879,3876],{"class":135},[45,84881,179],{"class":59},[20,84883,182],{},[36,84885,84886],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,84887,84888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84889,84890],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84891,46918],{"class":96},[1398,84893,84895],{"id":84894},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84896,84897],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84899,84900],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[36,84902,84904],{"className":38,"code":84903,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84905,84906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84907,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84909,153],{"class":152},[45,84911,156],{"class":59},[45,84913,84667],{"class":152},[45,84915,156],{"class":59},[45,84917,2575],{"class":96},[45,84919,84],{"class":59},[45,84921,1063],{"class":96},[45,84923,84],{"class":59},[45,84925,31097],{"class":96},[45,84927,84],{"class":59},[45,84929,1049],{"class":96},[45,84931,179],{"class":59},[20,84933,182],{},[36,84935,84936],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,84937,84938],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84939,84940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84941,46918],{"class":96},[1398,84943,84945],{"id":84944},"miniterable-key",[15,84946,84947],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84949,1006,84950,84952],{},[15,84951,15034],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[36,84954,84956],{"className":38,"code":84955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84957,84958,84990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,84959,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,84961,4296],{"class":51},[45,84963,56],{"class":55},[45,84965,1427],{"class":59},[45,84967,64],{"class":63},[45,84969,78751],{"class":67},[45,84971,64],{"class":63},[45,84973,84],{"class":59},[45,84975,76],{"class":63},[45,84977,38338],{"class":67},[45,84979,64],{"class":63},[45,84981,84],{"class":59},[45,84983,76],{"class":63},[45,84985,1042],{"class":67},[45,84987,64],{"class":63},[45,84989,244],{"class":59},[45,84991,84992,84994,84996,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,84993,153],{"class":152},[45,84995,156],{"class":59},[45,84997,84667],{"class":152},[45,84999,156],{"class":59},[45,85001,4338],{"class":135},[45,85003,84],{"class":59},[45,85005,21758],{"class":9393},[45,85007,56],{"class":55},[45,85009,11369],{"class":152},[45,85011,179],{"class":59},[20,85013,182],{},[36,85015,85017],{"className":38,"code":85016,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"kiwi\n",[15,85018,85019],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85020,85021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85022,85016],{"class":51},[20,85024,85025],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85027,85028,85029,85031,85032,132],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85030,42360],{},", see the ",[277,85033,85034,3735],{"href":42357},[15,85035,42360],{},[1398,85037,85039],{"id":85038},"miniterable-default",[15,85040,85041],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85043,1006,85044,85046],{},[15,85045,82943],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[36,85048,85050],{"className":38,"code":85049,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85051,85052,85060],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85053,85054,85056,85058],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85055,3846],{"class":51},[45,85057,56],{"class":55},[45,85059,8059],{"class":59},[45,85061,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078,85080],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85063,153],{"class":152},[45,85065,156],{"class":59},[45,85067,84667],{"class":152},[45,85069,156],{"class":59},[45,85071,3876],{"class":135},[45,85073,84],{"class":59},[45,85075,26679],{"class":9393},[45,85077,56],{"class":55},[45,85079,1117],{"class":96},[45,85081,179],{"class":59},[20,85083,182],{},[36,85085,85086],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,85087,85088],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85089,85090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85091,47253],{"class":96},[20,85093,85094,85095,85097],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85096,40702],{}," when there is no item to return.",[31,85099,1797,85101,85103],{"id":85100},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85102,84242],{}," with numbers",[20,85105,85106,85108],{},[15,85107,84242],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[36,85110,85112],{"className":38,"code":85111,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85113,85114,85139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85115,85116,85118,85120,85122,85124,85126,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85117,866],{"class":51},[45,85119,56],{"class":55},[45,85121,1427],{"class":59},[45,85123,51508],{"class":96},[45,85125,84],{"class":59},[45,85127,85128],{"class":96}," 72",[45,85130,84],{"class":59},[45,85132,29063],{"class":96},[45,85134,84],{"class":59},[45,85136,76107],{"class":96},[45,85138,244],{"class":59},[45,85140,85141,85143,85145,85147,85149,85151],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85142,153],{"class":152},[45,85144,156],{"class":59},[45,85146,84667],{"class":152},[45,85148,156],{"class":59},[45,85150,16582],{"class":135},[45,85152,179],{"class":59},[20,85154,182],{},[36,85156,85158],{"className":38,"code":85157,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"60\n",[15,85159,85160],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85161,85162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85163,85157],{"class":96},[20,85165,85166],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[36,85168,85170],{"className":38,"code":85169,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85171,85172,85193],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85173,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85187,85189,85191],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85175,83055],{"class":51},[45,85177,56],{"class":55},[45,85179,1427],{"class":59},[45,85181,40396],{"class":96},[45,85183,84],{"class":59},[45,85185,85186],{"class":96}," 5.49",[45,85188,84],{"class":59},[45,85190,83071],{"class":96},[45,85192,244],{"class":59},[45,85194,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85196,153],{"class":152},[45,85198,156],{"class":59},[45,85200,84667],{"class":152},[45,85202,156],{"class":59},[45,85204,83091],{"class":135},[45,85206,179],{"class":59},[20,85208,182],{},[36,85210,85212],{"className":38,"code":85211,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5.49\n",[15,85213,85214],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85215,85216],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85217,85211],{"class":96},[20,85219,85220],{},"This is useful for things like:",[258,85222,85223,85225,85227,85230],{},[261,85224,16582],{},[261,85226,83091],{},[261,85228,85229],{},"measurements",[261,85231,85232],{},"ages",[31,85234,1797,85236,47060],{"id":85235},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85237,84242],{},[20,85239,85240,85242],{},[15,85241,84242],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[36,85244,85246],{"className":38,"code":85245,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85247,85248,85280],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85249,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85251,4296],{"class":51},[45,85253,56],{"class":55},[45,85255,1427],{"class":59},[45,85257,64],{"class":63},[45,85259,1042],{"class":67},[45,85261,64],{"class":63},[45,85263,84],{"class":59},[45,85265,76],{"class":63},[45,85267,1028],{"class":67},[45,85269,64],{"class":63},[45,85271,84],{"class":59},[45,85273,76],{"class":63},[45,85275,4321],{"class":67},[45,85277,64],{"class":63},[45,85279,244],{"class":59},[45,85281,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85283,153],{"class":152},[45,85285,156],{"class":59},[45,85287,84667],{"class":152},[45,85289,156],{"class":59},[45,85291,4338],{"class":135},[45,85293,179],{"class":59},[20,85295,182],{},[36,85297,85299],{"className":38,"code":85298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"apple\n",[15,85300,85301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85302,85303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85304,85298],{"class":51},[20,85306,85307],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[36,85309,85311],{"className":38,"code":85310,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85312,85313,85345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85314,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85316,4296],{"class":51},[45,85318,56],{"class":55},[45,85320,1427],{"class":59},[45,85322,64],{"class":63},[45,85324,1042],{"class":67},[45,85326,64],{"class":63},[45,85328,84],{"class":59},[45,85330,76],{"class":63},[45,85332,57773],{"class":67},[45,85334,64],{"class":63},[45,85336,84],{"class":59},[45,85338,76],{"class":63},[45,85340,4321],{"class":67},[45,85342,64],{"class":63},[45,85344,244],{"class":59},[45,85346,85347,85349,85351,85353,85355,85357],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85348,153],{"class":152},[45,85350,156],{"class":59},[45,85352,84667],{"class":152},[45,85354,156],{"class":59},[45,85356,4338],{"class":135},[45,85358,179],{"class":59},[20,85360,182],{},[36,85362,85364],{"className":38,"code":85363,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Apple\n",[15,85365,85366],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85367,85368],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85369,85363],{"class":51},[20,85371,85372],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85374,85375,85376,132],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[277,85377,85378,6004],{"href":74528},[15,85379,74431],{},[31,85381,1797,85383,85385],{"id":85382},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85384,84242],{}," with a key function",[20,85387,2212,85388,85390],{},[15,85389,15034],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85392,11663],{},[258,85394,85395,85400,85405],{},[261,85396,85397,85399],{},[15,85398,15034],{}," changes the comparison rule",[261,85401,85402,85404],{},[15,85403,84242],{}," still returns the original item",[261,85406,85407],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1398,85409,85411],{"id":85410},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[36,85413,85415],{"className":38,"code":85414,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85416,85417,85450],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85418,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85433,85435,85437,85439,85441,85443,85446,85448],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85420,4296],{"class":51},[45,85422,56],{"class":55},[45,85424,1427],{"class":59},[45,85426,64],{"class":63},[45,85428,68333],{"class":67},[45,85430,64],{"class":63},[45,85432,84],{"class":59},[45,85434,76],{"class":63},[45,85436,37043],{"class":67},[45,85438,64],{"class":63},[45,85440,84],{"class":59},[45,85442,76],{"class":63},[45,85444,85445],{"class":67},"giraffe",[45,85447,64],{"class":63},[45,85449,244],{"class":59},[45,85451,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85453,153],{"class":152},[45,85455,156],{"class":59},[45,85457,84667],{"class":152},[45,85459,156],{"class":59},[45,85461,4338],{"class":135},[45,85463,84],{"class":59},[45,85465,21758],{"class":9393},[45,85467,56],{"class":55},[45,85469,11369],{"class":152},[45,85471,179],{"class":59},[20,85473,182],{},[36,85475,85477],{"className":38,"code":85476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cat\n",[15,85478,85479],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85480,85481],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85482,85476],{"class":51},[1398,85484,85486],{"id":85485},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[36,85488,85490],{"className":38,"code":85489,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85491,85492,85502,85537,85569,85601,85605,85609,85648],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85493,85494,85497,85499],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85495,85496],{"class":51},"students ",[45,85498,56],{"class":55},[45,85500,85501],{"class":59}," [\n",[45,85503,85504,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515,85517,85519,85521,85523,85525,85528,85530,85532,85534],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85505,85506],{"class":59},"    {",[45,85508,64],{"class":63},[45,85510,68],{"class":67},[45,85512,64],{"class":63},[45,85514,73],{"class":59},[45,85516,76],{"class":63},[45,85518,79],{"class":67},[45,85520,64],{"class":63},[45,85522,84],{"class":59},[45,85524,76],{"class":63},[45,85526,85527],{"class":67},"score",[45,85529,64],{"class":63},[45,85531,73],{"class":59},[45,85533,896],{"class":96},[45,85535,85536],{"class":59},"},\n",[45,85538,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,85540,85506],{"class":59},[45,85542,64],{"class":63},[45,85544,68],{"class":67},[45,85546,64],{"class":63},[45,85548,73],{"class":59},[45,85550,76],{"class":63},[45,85552,35935],{"class":67},[45,85554,64],{"class":63},[45,85556,84],{"class":59},[45,85558,76],{"class":63},[45,85560,85527],{"class":67},[45,85562,64],{"class":63},[45,85564,73],{"class":59},[45,85566,85128],{"class":96},[45,85568,85536],{"class":59},[45,85570,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593,85595,85597,85599],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,85572,85506],{"class":59},[45,85574,64],{"class":63},[45,85576,68],{"class":67},[45,85578,64],{"class":63},[45,85580,73],{"class":59},[45,85582,76],{"class":63},[45,85584,35944],{"class":67},[45,85586,64],{"class":63},[45,85588,84],{"class":59},[45,85590,76],{"class":63},[45,85592,85527],{"class":67},[45,85594,64],{"class":63},[45,85596,73],{"class":59},[45,85598,882],{"class":96},[45,85600,118],{"class":59},[45,85602,85603],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,85604,244],{"class":59},[45,85606,85607],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,85608,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,85610,85611,85614,85616,85619,85621,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,85612,85613],{"class":51},"lowest ",[45,85615,56],{"class":55},[45,85617,85618],{"class":152}," min",[45,85620,156],{"class":59},[45,85622,85623],{"class":135},"students",[45,85625,84],{"class":59},[45,85627,21758],{"class":9393},[45,85629,56],{"class":55},[45,85631,37656],{"class":1597},[45,85633,129],{"class":37659},[45,85635,73],{"class":59},[45,85637,129],{"class":135},[45,85639,223],{"class":59},[45,85641,64],{"class":63},[45,85643,85527],{"class":67},[45,85645,64],{"class":63},[45,85647,218],{"class":59},[45,85649,85650,85652,85654,85657],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,85651,153],{"class":152},[45,85653,156],{"class":59},[45,85655,85656],{"class":135},"lowest",[45,85658,161],{"class":59},[20,85660,182],{},[36,85662,85664],{"className":38,"code":85663,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85665,85666],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85667,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85669,9495],{"class":59},[45,85671,198],{"class":63},[45,85673,68],{"class":67},[45,85675,198],{"class":63},[45,85677,73],{"class":59},[45,85679,211],{"class":63},[45,85681,35935],{"class":67},[45,85683,198],{"class":63},[45,85685,84],{"class":59},[45,85687,211],{"class":63},[45,85689,85527],{"class":67},[45,85691,198],{"class":63},[45,85693,73],{"class":59},[45,85695,85128],{"class":96},[45,85697,118],{"class":59},[20,85699,85700,85701,85704],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85702,85703],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[31,85706,1797,85708,85710],{"id":85707},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85709,82943],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85712,85713],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[36,85715,85717],{"className":38,"code":85716,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85718,85719,85727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85720,85721,85723,85725],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85722,3846],{"class":51},[45,85724,56],{"class":55},[45,85726,8059],{"class":59},[45,85728,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85730,153],{"class":152},[45,85732,156],{"class":59},[45,85734,84667],{"class":152},[45,85736,156],{"class":59},[45,85738,3876],{"class":135},[45,85740,179],{"class":59},[20,85742,182],{},[36,85744,85746],{"className":38,"code":85745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85747,85748],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85749,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760,85762],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85751,40702],{"class":171},[45,85753,73],{"class":59},[45,85755,85618],{"class":152},[45,85757,7587],{"class":59},[45,85759,83913],{"class":51},[45,85761,12395],{"class":55},[45,85763,83918],{"class":51},[20,85765,85766,85767,73],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85768,82943],{},[36,85770,85772],{"className":38,"code":85771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85773,85774,85782],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85775,85776,85778,85780],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85777,3846],{"class":51},[45,85779,56],{"class":55},[45,85781,8059],{"class":59},[45,85783,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85785,153],{"class":152},[45,85787,156],{"class":59},[45,85789,84667],{"class":152},[45,85791,156],{"class":59},[45,85793,3876],{"class":135},[45,85795,84],{"class":59},[45,85797,26679],{"class":9393},[45,85799,56],{"class":55},[45,85801,4006],{"class":4080},[45,85803,179],{"class":59},[20,85805,182],{},[36,85807,85808],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,85809,85810],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85811,85812],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85813,12009],{"class":4080},[20,85815,85816],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85818,85819],{},"Remember:",[258,85821,85822,85830],{},[261,85823,85824,85826,85827,85829],{},[15,85825,82943],{}," works only when ",[15,85828,84242],{}," gets one iterable argument",[261,85831,85832,85833],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85834,85835],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85837,85838,85839,132],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[277,85840,65846],{"href":72885},[31,85842,10952],{"id":10951},[20,85844,56780,85845,132],{},[15,85846,84242],{},[1398,85848,85850,85851],{"id":85849},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85852,82943],{},[20,85854,3232,85855,73],{},[15,85856,40702],{},[36,85858,85860],{"className":38,"code":85859,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85861,85862,85870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85863,85864,85866,85868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85865,8001],{"class":51},[45,85867,56],{"class":55},[45,85869,8059],{"class":59},[45,85871,85872,85874,85876,85878,85880,85882],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85873,153],{"class":152},[45,85875,156],{"class":59},[45,85877,84667],{"class":152},[45,85879,156],{"class":59},[45,85881,1289],{"class":135},[45,85883,179],{"class":59},[20,85885,85886],{},"Fix it by:",[258,85888,85889,85892],{},[261,85890,85891],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[261,85893,85894,85895],{},"or using ",[15,85896,82943],{},[36,85898,85900],{"className":38,"code":85899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85901,85902,85910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85903,85904,85906,85908],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85905,8001],{"class":51},[45,85907,56],{"class":55},[45,85909,8059],{"class":59},[45,85911,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928,85930,85933,85935],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85913,153],{"class":152},[45,85915,156],{"class":59},[45,85917,84667],{"class":152},[45,85919,156],{"class":59},[45,85921,1289],{"class":135},[45,85923,84],{"class":59},[45,85925,26679],{"class":9393},[45,85927,56],{"class":55},[45,85929,64],{"class":63},[45,85931,85932],{"class":67},"no items",[45,85934,64],{"class":63},[45,85936,179],{"class":59},[1398,85938,85940],{"id":85939},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85942,85943],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[36,85945,85947],{"className":38,"code":85946,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85948,85949,85973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85950,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85952,1909],{"class":51},[45,85954,56],{"class":55},[45,85956,1427],{"class":59},[45,85958,2560],{"class":96},[45,85960,84],{"class":59},[45,85962,76],{"class":63},[45,85964,15948],{"class":67},[45,85966,64],{"class":63},[45,85968,84],{"class":59},[45,85970,4828],{"class":96},[45,85972,244],{"class":59},[45,85974,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,85976,153],{"class":152},[45,85978,156],{"class":59},[45,85980,84667],{"class":152},[45,85982,156],{"class":59},[45,85984,1947],{"class":135},[45,85986,179],{"class":59},[20,85988,182],{},[36,85990,85992],{"className":38,"code":85991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError\n",[15,85993,85994],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,85995,85996],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,85997,85991],{"class":171},[20,85999,86000],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86002,86003,86004,132],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86005,84242],{},[36,86007,86009],{"className":38,"code":86008,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86010,86011,86035,86061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86012,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86014,1909],{"class":51},[45,86016,56],{"class":55},[45,86018,1427],{"class":59},[45,86020,2560],{"class":96},[45,86022,84],{"class":59},[45,86024,76],{"class":63},[45,86026,15948],{"class":67},[45,86028,64],{"class":63},[45,86030,84],{"class":59},[45,86032,4828],{"class":96},[45,86034,244],{"class":59},[45,86036,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86038,3846],{"class":51},[45,86040,56],{"class":55},[45,86042,1427],{"class":59},[45,86044,2418],{"class":171},[45,86046,156],{"class":59},[45,86048,2403],{"class":135},[45,86050,3889],{"class":59},[45,86052,4105],{"class":921},[45,86054,4108],{"class":51},[45,86056,927],{"class":921},[45,86058,14759],{"class":51},[45,86060,244],{"class":59},[45,86062,86063,86065,86067,86069,86071,86073],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,86064,153],{"class":152},[45,86066,156],{"class":59},[45,86068,84667],{"class":152},[45,86070,156],{"class":59},[45,86072,3876],{"class":135},[45,86074,179],{"class":59},[20,86076,182],{},[36,86078,86079],{"className":38,"code":3178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,86080,86081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86082,86083],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86084,3178],{"class":96},[20,86086,86087,86088,132],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86089,3235],{},[1398,86091,86093],{"id":86092},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86095,86096],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[36,86098,86100],{"className":38,"code":86099,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86101,86102,86134],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86103,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86105,4296],{"class":51},[45,86107,56],{"class":55},[45,86109,1427],{"class":59},[45,86111,64],{"class":63},[45,86113,79567],{"class":67},[45,86115,64],{"class":63},[45,86117,84],{"class":59},[45,86119,76],{"class":63},[45,86121,57773],{"class":67},[45,86123,64],{"class":63},[45,86125,84],{"class":59},[45,86127,76],{"class":63},[45,86129,79584],{"class":67},[45,86131,64],{"class":63},[45,86133,244],{"class":59},[45,86135,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86137,153],{"class":152},[45,86139,156],{"class":59},[45,86141,84667],{"class":152},[45,86143,156],{"class":59},[45,86145,4338],{"class":135},[45,86147,179],{"class":59},[20,86149,182],{},[36,86151,86152],{"className":38,"code":85363,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,86153,86154],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86155,86156],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86157,85363],{"class":51},[20,86159,86160],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[36,86162,86164],{"className":38,"code":86163,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86165,86166,86198],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86167,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86169,4296],{"class":51},[45,86171,56],{"class":55},[45,86173,1427],{"class":59},[45,86175,64],{"class":63},[45,86177,79567],{"class":67},[45,86179,64],{"class":63},[45,86181,84],{"class":59},[45,86183,76],{"class":63},[45,86185,57773],{"class":67},[45,86187,64],{"class":63},[45,86189,84],{"class":59},[45,86191,76],{"class":63},[45,86193,79584],{"class":67},[45,86195,64],{"class":63},[45,86197,244],{"class":59},[45,86199,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210,86212,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86201,153],{"class":152},[45,86203,156],{"class":59},[45,86205,84667],{"class":152},[45,86207,156],{"class":59},[45,86209,4338],{"class":135},[45,86211,84],{"class":59},[45,86213,21758],{"class":9393},[45,86215,56],{"class":55},[45,86217,3669],{"class":171},[45,86219,132],{"class":59},[45,86221,8858],{"class":1863},[45,86223,179],{"class":59},[20,86225,182],{},[36,86227,86228],{"className":38,"code":85363,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,86229,86230],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86231,86232],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86233,85363],{"class":51},[20,86235,86236],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[31,86238,5185,86240],{"id":86239},"when-to-use-min",[15,86241,84242],{},[20,86243,1006,86244,10811],{},[15,86245,84242],{},[258,86247,86248,86251,86256],{},[261,86249,86250],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[261,86252,86253,86254],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86255,15034],{},[261,86257,86258],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86260,1006,86261,86265],{},[277,86262,86263],{"href":74528},[15,86264,74431],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86267,1006,86268,86273],{},[277,86269,86271],{"href":86270},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86272,82588],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[31,86275,3061],{"id":3060},[20,86277,84247],{},[258,86279,86280,86288,86291,86296,86303],{},[261,86281,86282,86283,86285,86286],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86284,84242],{}," without using ",[15,86287,82943],{},[261,86289,86290],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[261,86292,8670,86293,86295],{},[15,86294,84242],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[261,86297,4928,86298,86300,86301,85404],{},[15,86299,15034],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86302,84242],{},[261,86304,1797,86305,86307],{},[15,86306,82943],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86309,86310,86311,86313],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86312,84242],{},", these quick checks can help:",[36,86315,86317],{"className":38,"code":86316,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86318,86319,86333,86343,86357,86371,86393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86320,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86322,153],{"class":152},[45,86324,156],{"class":59},[45,86326,1478],{"class":171},[45,86328,156],{"class":59},[45,86330,1947],{"class":135},[45,86332,179],{"class":59},[45,86334,86335,86337,86339,86341],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86336,153],{"class":152},[45,86338,156],{"class":59},[45,86340,1947],{"class":135},[45,86342,161],{"class":59},[45,86344,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,86346,153],{"class":152},[45,86348,156],{"class":59},[45,86350,11369],{"class":152},[45,86352,156],{"class":59},[45,86354,1947],{"class":135},[45,86356,179],{"class":59},[45,86358,86359,86361,86363,86365,86367,86369],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,86360,153],{"class":152},[45,86362,156],{"class":59},[45,86364,84667],{"class":152},[45,86366,156],{"class":59},[45,86368,1947],{"class":135},[45,86370,179],{"class":59},[45,86372,86373,86375,86377,86379,86381,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,86374,153],{"class":152},[45,86376,156],{"class":59},[45,86378,84667],{"class":152},[45,86380,156],{"class":59},[45,86382,1947],{"class":135},[45,86384,84],{"class":59},[45,86386,26679],{"class":9393},[45,86388,56],{"class":55},[45,86390,4006],{"class":4080},[45,86392,179],{"class":59},[45,86394,86395,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,86396,153],{"class":152},[45,86398,156],{"class":59},[45,86400,84667],{"class":152},[45,86402,156],{"class":59},[45,86404,4338],{"class":135},[45,86406,84],{"class":59},[45,86408,21758],{"class":9393},[45,86410,56],{"class":55},[45,86412,11369],{"class":152},[45,86414,179],{"class":59},[20,86416,86417,86418,86421,86422,86424],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86419,86420],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86423,1947],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[31,86426,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,86428,2049,86430,2052],{"id":86429},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86431,84242],{},[20,86433,86434],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1398,86436,5390,86438,84423],{"id":86437},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86439,84242],{},[20,86441,86442],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1398,86444,71653],{"id":71652},[20,86446,86447,52498,86449,84435,86451,36617],{},[15,86448,84242],{},[15,86450,40702],{},[15,86452,82943],{},[1398,86454,2049,86456,86458,86459,2079],{"id":86455},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86457,15034],{}," do in ",[15,86460,84242],{},[20,86462,86463,86465,86466,86468],{},[15,86464,15034],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86467,83496],{}," compares strings by length.",[1398,86470,5400,86472,329,86474,2079],{"id":86471},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86473,84242],{},[15,86475,74431],{},[20,86477,86478,86480,86481,86483],{},[15,86479,84242],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86482,74431],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[31,86485,2114],{"id":2113},[258,86487,86488,86494,86500,86506,86510,86514],{},[261,86489,86490],{},[277,86491,86492,3735],{"href":86270},[15,86493,82588],{},[261,86495,86496],{},[277,86497,86498,3735],{"href":74528},[15,86499,74431],{},[261,86501,86502],{},[277,86503,86504,3735],{"href":42357},[15,86505,42360],{},[261,86507,86508],{},[277,86509,79880],{"href":78383},[261,86511,86512],{},[277,86513,58961],{"href":58960},[261,86515,86516],{},[277,86517,65846],{"href":72885},[2154,86519,86520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":86522},[86523,86524,86526,86532,86534,86536,86541,86543,86549,86551,86552,86563],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":84726,"depth":121,"text":86525},"What min() does",{"id":84747,"depth":121,"text":84748,"children":86527},[86528,86529,86530,86531],{"id":84832,"depth":142,"text":84835},{"id":84894,"depth":142,"text":84897},{"id":84944,"depth":142,"text":84947},{"id":85038,"depth":142,"text":85041},{"id":85100,"depth":121,"text":86533},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85235,"depth":121,"text":86535},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85382,"depth":121,"text":86537,"children":86538},"Using min() with a key function",[86539,86540],{"id":85410,"depth":142,"text":85411},{"id":85485,"depth":142,"text":85486},{"id":85707,"depth":121,"text":86542},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10951,"depth":121,"text":10952,"children":86544},[86545,86547,86548],{"id":85849,"depth":142,"text":86546},"Empty list without default",{"id":85939,"depth":142,"text":85940},{"id":86092,"depth":142,"text":86093},{"id":86239,"depth":121,"text":86550},"When to use min()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":86553},[86554,86556,86558,86559,86561],{"id":86429,"depth":142,"text":86555},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86437,"depth":142,"text":86557},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71652,"depth":142,"text":71653},{"id":86455,"depth":142,"text":86560},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86471,"depth":142,"text":86562},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84609,"description":86564},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86571,"title":86572,"body":86573,"description":88752,"extension":2195,"meta":88753,"navigation":145,"path":88754,"seo":88755,"stem":88756,"__hash__":88757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86574,"toc":88716},[86575,86578,86584,86590,86592,86673,86682,86686,86691,86693,86738,86740,86820,86826,86828,86831,86863,86865,86883,86885,86958,86960,86979,86983,86986,87022,87024,87091,87165,87238,87243,87247,87253,87256,87273,87276,87278,87339,87341,87361,87367,87371,87374,87444,87447,87466,87471,87547,87550,87554,87560,87564,87569,87639,87643,87648,87722,87726,87729,87804,87815,87819,87824,87914,87919,87987,87990,88009,88020,88024,88027,88032,88035,88097,88100,88111,88116,88119,88122,88127,88130,88133,88137,88140,88146,88149,88160,88162,88224,88239,88245,88248,88251,88262,88273,88279,88282,88284,88346,88356,88362,88367,88373,88377,88383,88386,88407,88409,88414,88441,88444,88471,88474,88513,88516,88554,88557,88618,88621,88623,88627,88630,88634,88640,88648,88656,88660,88663,88667,88673,88675,88713],[10,86576,86572],{"id":86577},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86579,86580,86583],{},[15,86581,86582],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86585,86586,86587,86589],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86588,86582],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[31,86591,34],{"id":33},[36,86593,86595],{"className":38,"code":86594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86596,86597,86646,86662],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86598,86599,86602,86605,86607,86609,86612,86614,86616,86618,86620,86622,86624,86627,86629,86631,86634,86636,86638,86640,86644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86600,86601],{"class":921},"with",[45,86603,86604],{"class":152}," open",[45,86606,156],{"class":59},[45,86608,64],{"class":63},[45,86610,86611],{"class":67},"example.txt",[45,86613,64],{"class":63},[45,86615,84],{"class":59},[45,86617,76],{"class":63},[45,86619,60511],{"class":67},[45,86621,64],{"class":63},[45,86623,84],{"class":59},[45,86625,86626],{"class":9393}," encoding",[45,86628,56],{"class":55},[45,86630,64],{"class":63},[45,86632,86633],{"class":67},"utf-8",[45,86635,64],{"class":63},[45,86637,3889],{"class":59},[45,86639,47359],{"class":921},[45,86641,86643],{"class":86642},"sMMDD"," file",[45,86645,6614],{"class":59},[45,86647,86648,86651,86653,86655,86657,86660],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86649,86650],{"class":51},"    content ",[45,86652,56],{"class":55},[45,86654,86643],{"class":86642},[45,86656,132],{"class":59},[45,86658,86659],{"class":135},"read",[45,86661,139],{"class":59},[45,86663,86664,86666,86668,86671],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,86665,942],{"class":152},[45,86667,156],{"class":59},[45,86669,86670],{"class":135},"content",[45,86672,161],{"class":59},[20,86674,1006,86675,86677,86678,86681],{},[15,86676,86601],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86679,86680],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[31,86683,86685],{"id":86684},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86687,86688,86690],{},[15,86689,86582],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86692,11663],{},[258,86694,86695,86698,86703,86708],{},[261,86696,86697],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[261,86699,40904,86700,86702],{},[355,86701,4854],{}," read or write anything by itself",[261,86704,2055,86705],{},[355,86706,86707],{},"file object",[261,86709,86710,86711],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[258,86712,86713,86718,86723,86728,86733],{},[261,86714,86715],{},[15,86716,86717],{},"read()",[261,86719,86720],{},[15,86721,86722],{},"readline()",[261,86724,86725],{},[15,86726,86727],{},"readlines()",[261,86729,86730],{},[15,86731,86732],{},"write()",[261,86734,86735],{},[15,86736,86737],{},"close()",[20,86739,361],{},[36,86741,86743],{"className":38,"code":86742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86744,86745,86784,86799,86809],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86746,86747,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86748,86749],{"class":86642},"file",[45,86751,460],{"class":55},[45,86753,86604],{"class":152},[45,86755,156],{"class":59},[45,86757,64],{"class":63},[45,86759,86611],{"class":67},[45,86761,64],{"class":63},[45,86763,84],{"class":59},[45,86765,76],{"class":63},[45,86767,60511],{"class":67},[45,86769,64],{"class":63},[45,86771,84],{"class":59},[45,86773,86626],{"class":9393},[45,86775,56],{"class":55},[45,86777,64],{"class":63},[45,86779,86633],{"class":67},[45,86781,64],{"class":63},[45,86783,161],{"class":59},[45,86785,86786,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86787,86788],{"class":51},"content ",[45,86790,56],{"class":55},[45,86792,86643],{"class":86642},[45,86794,132],{"class":59},[45,86796,86659],{"class":135},[45,86798,139],{"class":59},[45,86800,86801,86803,86805,86807],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,86802,153],{"class":152},[45,86804,156],{"class":59},[45,86806,86670],{"class":135},[45,86808,161],{"class":59},[45,86810,86811,86813,86815,86818],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,86812,86749],{"class":86642},[45,86814,132],{"class":59},[45,86816,86817],{"class":135},"close",[45,86819,139],{"class":59},[20,86821,86822,86823,86825],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86824,86601],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[31,86827,284],{"id":283},[20,86829,86830],{},"A common form is:",[36,86832,86834],{"className":38,"code":86833,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86835,86836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86837,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86839,42426],{"class":152},[45,86841,156],{"class":59},[45,86843,86749],{"class":86642},[45,86845,84],{"class":59},[45,86847,86848],{"class":135}," mode",[45,86850,84],{"class":59},[45,86852,86626],{"class":9393},[45,86854,56],{"class":55},[45,86856,64],{"class":63},[45,86858,86633],{"class":67},[45,86860,64],{"class":63},[45,86862,161],{"class":59},[20,86864,65052],{},[258,86866,86867,86872,86877],{},[261,86868,86869,86871],{},[15,86870,86749],{}," is the file name or file path",[261,86873,86874,86876],{},[15,86875,21097],{}," controls how the file is opened",[261,86878,86879,86882],{},[15,86880,86881],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86884,361],{},[36,86886,86888],{"className":38,"code":86887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86889,86890,86933,86948],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,86891,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,86893,86601],{"class":921},[45,86895,86604],{"class":152},[45,86897,156],{"class":59},[45,86899,64],{"class":63},[45,86901,86902],{"class":67},"notes.txt",[45,86904,64],{"class":63},[45,86906,84],{"class":59},[45,86908,76],{"class":63},[45,86910,60511],{"class":67},[45,86912,64],{"class":63},[45,86914,84],{"class":59},[45,86916,86626],{"class":9393},[45,86918,56],{"class":55},[45,86920,64],{"class":63},[45,86922,86633],{"class":67},[45,86924,64],{"class":63},[45,86926,3889],{"class":59},[45,86928,47359],{"class":921},[45,86930,86643],{"class":86642},[45,86932,6614],{"class":59},[45,86934,86935,86938,86940,86942,86944,86946],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,86936,86937],{"class":51},"    text ",[45,86939,56],{"class":55},[45,86941,86643],{"class":86642},[45,86943,132],{"class":59},[45,86945,86659],{"class":135},[45,86947,139],{"class":59},[45,86949,86950,86952,86954,86956],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,86951,942],{"class":152},[45,86953,156],{"class":59},[45,86955,34701],{"class":135},[45,86957,161],{"class":59},[20,86959,20135],{},[258,86961,86962,86968,86973],{},[261,86963,86964,86967],{},[15,86965,86966],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[261,86969,86970,86972],{},[15,86971,86680],{}," means open for reading",[261,86974,86975,86978],{},[15,86976,86977],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[31,86980,86982],{"id":86981},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86984,86985],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[258,86987,86988,86993,86999,87004,87010,87016],{},[261,86989,86990,86992],{},[15,86991,86680],{}," = read a text file",[261,86994,86995,86998],{},[15,86996,86997],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[261,87000,87001,87003],{},[15,87002,18277],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[261,87005,87006,87009],{},[15,87007,87008],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[261,87011,87012,87015],{},[15,87013,87014],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[261,87017,87018,87021],{},[15,87019,87020],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87023,1201],{},[36,87025,87027],{"className":38,"code":87026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87028,87029,87034,87077],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87030,87031],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87032,87033],{"class":1712},"# Read a text file\n",[45,87035,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87037,86601],{"class":921},[45,87039,86604],{"class":152},[45,87041,156],{"class":59},[45,87043,64],{"class":63},[45,87045,87046],{"class":67},"data.txt",[45,87048,64],{"class":63},[45,87050,84],{"class":59},[45,87052,76],{"class":63},[45,87054,60511],{"class":67},[45,87056,64],{"class":63},[45,87058,84],{"class":59},[45,87060,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87062,56],{"class":55},[45,87064,64],{"class":63},[45,87066,86633],{"class":67},[45,87068,64],{"class":63},[45,87070,3889],{"class":59},[45,87072,47359],{"class":921},[45,87074,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87076,6614],{"class":59},[45,87078,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87080,942],{"class":152},[45,87082,156],{"class":59},[45,87084,86749],{"class":86642},[45,87086,132],{"class":59},[45,87088,86659],{"class":135},[45,87090,598],{"class":59},[36,87092,87094],{"className":38,"code":87093,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87095,87096,87101,87143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87097,87098],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87099,87100],{"class":1712},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[45,87102,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139,87141],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87104,86601],{"class":921},[45,87106,86604],{"class":152},[45,87108,156],{"class":59},[45,87110,64],{"class":63},[45,87112,87046],{"class":67},[45,87114,64],{"class":63},[45,87116,84],{"class":59},[45,87118,76],{"class":63},[45,87120,60494],{"class":67},[45,87122,64],{"class":63},[45,87124,84],{"class":59},[45,87126,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87128,56],{"class":55},[45,87130,64],{"class":63},[45,87132,86633],{"class":67},[45,87134,64],{"class":63},[45,87136,3889],{"class":59},[45,87138,47359],{"class":921},[45,87140,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87142,6614],{"class":59},[45,87144,87145,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87161,87163],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87146,87147],{"class":86642},"    file",[45,87149,132],{"class":59},[45,87151,70202],{"class":135},[45,87153,156],{"class":59},[45,87155,64],{"class":63},[45,87157,34860],{"class":67},[45,87159,87160],{"class":34445},"\\n",[45,87162,64],{"class":63},[45,87164,161],{"class":59},[36,87166,87168],{"className":38,"code":87167,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87169,87170,87175,87217],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87171,87172],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87173,87174],{"class":1712},"# Append to a text file\n",[45,87176,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87178,86601],{"class":921},[45,87180,86604],{"class":152},[45,87182,156],{"class":59},[45,87184,64],{"class":63},[45,87186,87046],{"class":67},[45,87188,64],{"class":63},[45,87190,84],{"class":59},[45,87192,76],{"class":63},[45,87194,277],{"class":67},[45,87196,64],{"class":63},[45,87198,84],{"class":59},[45,87200,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87202,56],{"class":55},[45,87204,64],{"class":63},[45,87206,86633],{"class":67},[45,87208,64],{"class":63},[45,87210,3889],{"class":59},[45,87212,47359],{"class":921},[45,87214,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87216,6614],{"class":59},[45,87218,87219,87221,87223,87225,87227,87229,87232,87234,87236],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87220,87147],{"class":86642},[45,87222,132],{"class":59},[45,87224,70202],{"class":135},[45,87226,156],{"class":59},[45,87228,64],{"class":63},[45,87230,87231],{"class":67},"Another line",[45,87233,87160],{"class":34445},[45,87235,64],{"class":63},[45,87237,161],{"class":59},[20,87239,69354,87240,87242],{},[15,87241,86997],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[31,87244,87246],{"id":87245},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87248,87249,347,87251,132],{},[15,87250,86582],{},[355,87252,86707],{},[20,87254,87255],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[258,87257,87258,87263,87268],{},[261,87259,87260],{},[15,87261,87262],{},"file.read()",[261,87264,87265],{},[15,87266,87267],{},"file.write()",[261,87269,87270],{},[15,87271,87272],{},"file.close()",[20,87274,87275],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87277,361],{},[36,87279,87281],{"className":38,"code":87280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87282,87283,87325],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87284,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311,87313,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87286,86601],{"class":921},[45,87288,86604],{"class":152},[45,87290,156],{"class":59},[45,87292,64],{"class":63},[45,87294,86611],{"class":67},[45,87296,64],{"class":63},[45,87298,84],{"class":59},[45,87300,76],{"class":63},[45,87302,60511],{"class":67},[45,87304,64],{"class":63},[45,87306,84],{"class":59},[45,87308,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87310,56],{"class":55},[45,87312,64],{"class":63},[45,87314,86633],{"class":67},[45,87316,64],{"class":63},[45,87318,3889],{"class":59},[45,87320,47359],{"class":921},[45,87322,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87324,6614],{"class":59},[45,87326,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87328,942],{"class":152},[45,87330,156],{"class":59},[45,87332,1478],{"class":171},[45,87334,156],{"class":59},[45,87336,86749],{"class":86642},[45,87338,179],{"class":59},[20,87340,30185],{},[36,87342,87344],{"className":38,"code":87343,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87345,87346],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87347,87348,87350,87352,87354,87357,87359],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87349,1594],{"class":55},[45,87351,1598],{"class":1597},[45,87353,211],{"class":63},[45,87355,87356],{"class":67},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[45,87358,198],{"class":63},[45,87360,1607],{"class":55},[20,87362,87363,87364,87366],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87365,86582],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[31,87368,87370],{"id":87369},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87372,87373],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[36,87375,87376],{"className":38,"code":86594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,87377,87378,87420,87434],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87379,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87381,86601],{"class":921},[45,87383,86604],{"class":152},[45,87385,156],{"class":59},[45,87387,64],{"class":63},[45,87389,86611],{"class":67},[45,87391,64],{"class":63},[45,87393,84],{"class":59},[45,87395,76],{"class":63},[45,87397,60511],{"class":67},[45,87399,64],{"class":63},[45,87401,84],{"class":59},[45,87403,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87405,56],{"class":55},[45,87407,64],{"class":63},[45,87409,86633],{"class":67},[45,87411,64],{"class":63},[45,87413,3889],{"class":59},[45,87415,47359],{"class":921},[45,87417,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87419,6614],{"class":59},[45,87421,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87423,86650],{"class":51},[45,87425,56],{"class":55},[45,87427,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87429,132],{"class":59},[45,87431,86659],{"class":135},[45,87433,139],{"class":59},[45,87435,87436,87438,87440,87442],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87437,942],{"class":152},[45,87439,156],{"class":59},[45,87441,86670],{"class":135},[45,87443,161],{"class":59},[20,87445,87446],{},"Why this is recommended:",[258,87448,87449,87454,87460,87463],{},[261,87450,87451,87453],{},[15,87452,86601],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[261,87455,87456,87457,87459],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87458,86737],{}," yourself",[261,87461,87462],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[261,87464,87465],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87467,83759,87468,87470],{},[15,87469,86601],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[36,87472,87473],{"className":38,"code":86742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,87474,87475,87513,87527,87537],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87476,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87478,86749],{"class":86642},[45,87480,460],{"class":55},[45,87482,86604],{"class":152},[45,87484,156],{"class":59},[45,87486,64],{"class":63},[45,87488,86611],{"class":67},[45,87490,64],{"class":63},[45,87492,84],{"class":59},[45,87494,76],{"class":63},[45,87496,60511],{"class":67},[45,87498,64],{"class":63},[45,87500,84],{"class":59},[45,87502,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87504,56],{"class":55},[45,87506,64],{"class":63},[45,87508,86633],{"class":67},[45,87510,64],{"class":63},[45,87512,161],{"class":59},[45,87514,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87516,86788],{"class":51},[45,87518,56],{"class":55},[45,87520,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87522,132],{"class":59},[45,87524,86659],{"class":135},[45,87526,139],{"class":59},[45,87528,87529,87531,87533,87535],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87530,153],{"class":152},[45,87532,156],{"class":59},[45,87534,86670],{"class":135},[45,87536,161],{"class":59},[45,87538,87539,87541,87543,87545],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,87540,86749],{"class":86642},[45,87542,132],{"class":59},[45,87544,86817],{"class":135},[45,87546,139],{"class":59},[20,87548,87549],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[31,87551,87553],{"id":87552},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87555,87556,87557,87559],{},"Use mode ",[15,87558,86680],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1398,87561,87563],{"id":87562},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87565,87566,87568],{},[15,87567,86717],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[36,87570,87571],{"className":38,"code":86594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,87572,87573,87615,87629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87574,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87603,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87576,86601],{"class":921},[45,87578,86604],{"class":152},[45,87580,156],{"class":59},[45,87582,64],{"class":63},[45,87584,86611],{"class":67},[45,87586,64],{"class":63},[45,87588,84],{"class":59},[45,87590,76],{"class":63},[45,87592,60511],{"class":67},[45,87594,64],{"class":63},[45,87596,84],{"class":59},[45,87598,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87600,56],{"class":55},[45,87602,64],{"class":63},[45,87604,86633],{"class":67},[45,87606,64],{"class":63},[45,87608,3889],{"class":59},[45,87610,47359],{"class":921},[45,87612,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87614,6614],{"class":59},[45,87616,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87618,86650],{"class":51},[45,87620,56],{"class":55},[45,87622,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87624,132],{"class":59},[45,87626,86659],{"class":135},[45,87628,139],{"class":59},[45,87630,87631,87633,87635,87637],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87632,942],{"class":152},[45,87634,156],{"class":59},[45,87636,86670],{"class":135},[45,87638,161],{"class":59},[1398,87640,87642],{"id":87641},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87644,87645,87647],{},[15,87646,86722],{}," reads one line at a time.",[36,87649,87651],{"className":38,"code":87650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87652,87653,87695,87711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87654,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691,87693],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87656,86601],{"class":921},[45,87658,86604],{"class":152},[45,87660,156],{"class":59},[45,87662,64],{"class":63},[45,87664,86611],{"class":67},[45,87666,64],{"class":63},[45,87668,84],{"class":59},[45,87670,76],{"class":63},[45,87672,60511],{"class":67},[45,87674,64],{"class":63},[45,87676,84],{"class":59},[45,87678,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87680,56],{"class":55},[45,87682,64],{"class":63},[45,87684,86633],{"class":67},[45,87686,64],{"class":63},[45,87688,3889],{"class":59},[45,87690,47359],{"class":921},[45,87692,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87694,6614],{"class":59},[45,87696,87697,87700,87702,87704,87706,87709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87698,87699],{"class":51},"    first_line ",[45,87701,56],{"class":55},[45,87703,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87705,132],{"class":59},[45,87707,87708],{"class":135},"readline",[45,87710,139],{"class":59},[45,87712,87713,87715,87717,87720],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87714,942],{"class":152},[45,87716,156],{"class":59},[45,87718,87719],{"class":135},"first_line",[45,87721,161],{"class":59},[1398,87723,87725],{"id":87724},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87727,87728],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[36,87730,87732],{"className":38,"code":87731,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87733,87734,87776,87790],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87735,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87737,86601],{"class":921},[45,87739,86604],{"class":152},[45,87741,156],{"class":59},[45,87743,64],{"class":63},[45,87745,86611],{"class":67},[45,87747,64],{"class":63},[45,87749,84],{"class":59},[45,87751,76],{"class":63},[45,87753,60511],{"class":67},[45,87755,64],{"class":63},[45,87757,84],{"class":59},[45,87759,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87761,56],{"class":55},[45,87763,64],{"class":63},[45,87765,86633],{"class":67},[45,87767,64],{"class":63},[45,87769,3889],{"class":59},[45,87771,47359],{"class":921},[45,87773,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87775,6614],{"class":59},[45,87777,87778,87781,87784,87786,87788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87779,87780],{"class":921},"    for",[45,87782,87783],{"class":51}," line ",[45,87785,927],{"class":921},[45,87787,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87789,6614],{"class":59},[45,87791,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87793,47339],{"class":152},[45,87795,156],{"class":59},[45,87797,47],{"class":135},[45,87799,132],{"class":59},[45,87801,8852],{"class":135},[45,87803,598],{"class":59},[20,87805,87806,87807,995,87811,132],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[277,87808,87810],{"href":87809},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[277,87812,87814],{"href":87813},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[31,87816,87818],{"id":87817},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87820,1006,87821,87823],{},[15,87822,86997],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[36,87825,87827],{"className":38,"code":87826,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87828,87829,87872,87893],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87830,87831,87833,87835,87837,87839,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87832,86601],{"class":921},[45,87834,86604],{"class":152},[45,87836,156],{"class":59},[45,87838,64],{"class":63},[45,87840,87841],{"class":67},"output.txt",[45,87843,64],{"class":63},[45,87845,84],{"class":59},[45,87847,76],{"class":63},[45,87849,60494],{"class":67},[45,87851,64],{"class":63},[45,87853,84],{"class":59},[45,87855,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87857,56],{"class":55},[45,87859,64],{"class":63},[45,87861,86633],{"class":67},[45,87863,64],{"class":63},[45,87865,3889],{"class":59},[45,87867,47359],{"class":921},[45,87869,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87871,6614],{"class":59},[45,87873,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87884,87887,87889,87891],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87875,87147],{"class":86642},[45,87877,132],{"class":59},[45,87879,70202],{"class":135},[45,87881,156],{"class":59},[45,87883,64],{"class":63},[45,87885,87886],{"class":67},"First line",[45,87888,87160],{"class":34445},[45,87890,64],{"class":63},[45,87892,161],{"class":59},[45,87894,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87908,87910,87912],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,87896,87147],{"class":86642},[45,87898,132],{"class":59},[45,87900,70202],{"class":135},[45,87902,156],{"class":59},[45,87904,64],{"class":63},[45,87906,87907],{"class":67},"Second line",[45,87909,87160],{"class":34445},[45,87911,64],{"class":63},[45,87913,161],{"class":59},[20,87915,1006,87916,87918],{},[15,87917,18277],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[36,87920,87922],{"className":38,"code":87921,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87923,87924,87966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,87925,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,87927,86601],{"class":921},[45,87929,86604],{"class":152},[45,87931,156],{"class":59},[45,87933,64],{"class":63},[45,87935,87841],{"class":67},[45,87937,64],{"class":63},[45,87939,84],{"class":59},[45,87941,76],{"class":63},[45,87943,277],{"class":67},[45,87945,64],{"class":63},[45,87947,84],{"class":59},[45,87949,86626],{"class":9393},[45,87951,56],{"class":55},[45,87953,64],{"class":63},[45,87955,86633],{"class":67},[45,87957,64],{"class":63},[45,87959,3889],{"class":59},[45,87961,47359],{"class":921},[45,87963,86643],{"class":86642},[45,87965,6614],{"class":59},[45,87967,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976,87978,87981,87983,87985],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,87969,87147],{"class":86642},[45,87971,132],{"class":59},[45,87973,70202],{"class":135},[45,87975,156],{"class":59},[45,87977,64],{"class":63},[45,87979,87980],{"class":67},"Third line",[45,87982,87160],{"class":34445},[45,87984,64],{"class":63},[45,87986,161],{"class":59},[20,87988,87989],{},"Important detail:",[258,87991,87992,87997,88004],{},[261,87993,87994,87996],{},[15,87995,86732],{}," writes a string",[261,87998,87999,14246,88001,88003],{},[15,88000,86732],{},[355,88002,4854],{}," add a newline for you",[261,88005,88006,88007,87459],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88008,87160],{},[20,88010,88011,88012,995,88016,132],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[277,88013,88015],{"href":88014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[277,88017,88019],{"href":88018},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[31,88021,88023],{"id":88022},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88025,88026],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1398,88028,88030],{"id":88029},"encodingutf-8",[15,88031,86977],{},[20,88033,88034],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[36,88036,88038],{"className":38,"code":88037,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88039,88040,88083],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88041,88042,88044,88046,88048,88050,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88043,86601],{"class":921},[45,88045,86604],{"class":152},[45,88047,156],{"class":59},[45,88049,64],{"class":63},[45,88051,88052],{"class":67},"message.txt",[45,88054,64],{"class":63},[45,88056,84],{"class":59},[45,88058,76],{"class":63},[45,88060,60511],{"class":67},[45,88062,64],{"class":63},[45,88064,84],{"class":59},[45,88066,86626],{"class":9393},[45,88068,56],{"class":55},[45,88070,64],{"class":63},[45,88072,86633],{"class":67},[45,88074,64],{"class":63},[45,88076,3889],{"class":59},[45,88078,47359],{"class":921},[45,88080,86643],{"class":86642},[45,88082,6614],{"class":59},[45,88084,88085,88087,88089,88091,88093,88095],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88086,942],{"class":152},[45,88088,156],{"class":59},[45,88090,86749],{"class":86642},[45,88092,132],{"class":59},[45,88094,86659],{"class":135},[45,88096,598],{"class":59},[20,88098,88099],{},"Why it matters:",[258,88101,88102,88105,88108],{},[261,88103,88104],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[261,88106,88107],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[261,88109,88110],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1398,88112,88114],{"id":88113},"newline",[15,88115,88113],{},[20,88117,88118],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88120,88121],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1398,88123,88125],{"id":88124},"buffering",[15,88126,88124],{},[20,88128,88129],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88131,88132],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[31,88134,88136],{"id":88135},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88138,88139],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1398,88141,88143],{"id":88142},"filenotfounderror",[15,88144,88145],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88147,88148],{},"This happens when:",[258,88150,88151,88154,88157],{},[261,88152,88153],{},"the file does not exist",[261,88155,88156],{},"the path is wrong",[261,88158,88159],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88161,361],{},[36,88163,88165],{"className":38,"code":88164,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88166,88167,88210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88168,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88170,86601],{"class":921},[45,88172,86604],{"class":152},[45,88174,156],{"class":59},[45,88176,64],{"class":63},[45,88178,88179],{"class":67},"missing.txt",[45,88181,64],{"class":63},[45,88183,84],{"class":59},[45,88185,76],{"class":63},[45,88187,60511],{"class":67},[45,88189,64],{"class":63},[45,88191,84],{"class":59},[45,88193,86626],{"class":9393},[45,88195,56],{"class":55},[45,88197,64],{"class":63},[45,88199,86633],{"class":67},[45,88201,64],{"class":63},[45,88203,3889],{"class":59},[45,88205,47359],{"class":921},[45,88207,86643],{"class":86642},[45,88209,6614],{"class":59},[45,88211,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88213,942],{"class":152},[45,88215,156],{"class":59},[45,88217,86749],{"class":86642},[45,88219,132],{"class":59},[45,88221,86659],{"class":135},[45,88223,598],{"class":59},[20,88225,88226,88227,329,88235,132],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[277,88228,88230,88231,88234],{"href":88229},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[45,88232,88233],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[277,88236,88238],{"href":88237},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1398,88240,88242],{"id":88241},"permissionerror",[15,88243,88244],{},"PermissionError",[20,88246,88247],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88249,88250],{},"Example causes:",[258,88252,88253,88256,88259],{},[261,88254,88255],{},"the file is protected",[261,88257,88258],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[261,88260,88261],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88263,88264,88265],{},"Related page: ",[277,88266,88268,88269,88272],{"href":88267},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[45,88270,88271],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1398,88274,88276],{"id":88275},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88277,88278],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88280,88281],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88283,361],{},[36,88285,88287],{"className":38,"code":88286,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88288,88289,88332],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88290,88291,88293,88295,88297,88299,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318,88320,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88292,86601],{"class":921},[45,88294,86604],{"class":152},[45,88296,156],{"class":59},[45,88298,64],{"class":63},[45,88300,88301],{"class":67},"my_folder",[45,88303,64],{"class":63},[45,88305,84],{"class":59},[45,88307,76],{"class":63},[45,88309,60511],{"class":67},[45,88311,64],{"class":63},[45,88313,84],{"class":59},[45,88315,86626],{"class":9393},[45,88317,56],{"class":55},[45,88319,64],{"class":63},[45,88321,86633],{"class":67},[45,88323,64],{"class":63},[45,88325,3889],{"class":59},[45,88327,47359],{"class":921},[45,88329,86643],{"class":86642},[45,88331,6614],{"class":59},[45,88333,88334,88336,88338,88340,88342,88344],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88335,942],{"class":152},[45,88337,156],{"class":59},[45,88339,86749],{"class":86642},[45,88341,132],{"class":59},[45,88343,86659],{"class":135},[45,88345,598],{"class":59},[20,88347,88264,88348],{},[277,88349,88351,88352,88355],{"href":88350},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[45,88353,88354],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1398,88357,88359],{"id":88358},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88360,88361],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88363,88364,88365,132],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88366,86582],{},[20,88368,88264,88369],{},[277,88370,88372],{"href":88371},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[31,88374,88376],{"id":88375},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88378,88379,88380,88382],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88381,86582],{}," function.",[20,88384,88385],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[258,88387,88388,88391,88394,88400],{},[261,88389,88390],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[261,88392,88393],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[261,88395,88396,88397,88399],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88398,86582],{}," itself",[261,88401,88402,88403],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[277,88404,88406],{"href":88405},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[31,88408,3061],{"id":3060},[20,88410,88411,88412,73],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88413,86582],{},[258,88415,88416,88421,88427,88432,88435,88438],{},[261,88417,1797,88418,88420],{},[15,88419,86680],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[261,88422,88423,88424,88426],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88425,86881],{}," for text files",[261,88428,1797,88429,88431],{},[15,88430,86997],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[261,88433,88434],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[261,88436,88437],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[261,88439,88440],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88442,88443],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[36,88445,88447],{"className":38,"code":88446,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88448,88449,88456],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88450,88451,88453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88452,35084],{"class":921},[45,88454,88455],{"class":51}," os\n",[45,88457,88458,88460,88462,88464,88466,88469],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88459,153],{"class":152},[45,88461,156],{"class":59},[45,88463,42625],{"class":135},[45,88465,132],{"class":59},[45,88467,88468],{"class":135},"getcwd",[45,88470,598],{"class":59},[20,88472,88473],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[36,88475,88477],{"className":38,"code":88476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88478,88479,88485],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88480,88481,88483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88482,35084],{"class":921},[45,88484,88455],{"class":51},[45,88486,88487,88489,88491,88493,88495,88498,88500,88503,88505,88507,88509,88511],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88488,153],{"class":152},[45,88490,156],{"class":59},[45,88492,42625],{"class":135},[45,88494,132],{"class":59},[45,88496,88497],{"class":1863},"path",[45,88499,132],{"class":59},[45,88501,88502],{"class":135},"exists",[45,88504,156],{"class":59},[45,88506,64],{"class":63},[45,88508,86611],{"class":67},[45,88510,64],{"class":63},[45,88512,179],{"class":59},[20,88514,88515],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[36,88517,88519],{"className":38,"code":88518,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88520,88521,88527],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88522,88523,88525],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88524,35084],{"class":921},[45,88526,88455],{"class":51},[45,88528,88529,88531,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541,88544,88546,88548,88550,88552],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88530,153],{"class":152},[45,88532,156],{"class":59},[45,88534,42625],{"class":135},[45,88536,132],{"class":59},[45,88538,88497],{"class":1863},[45,88540,132],{"class":59},[45,88542,88543],{"class":135},"isfile",[45,88545,156],{"class":59},[45,88547,64],{"class":63},[45,88549,86611],{"class":67},[45,88551,64],{"class":63},[45,88553,179],{"class":59},[20,88555,88556],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[36,88558,88560],{"className":38,"code":88559,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88561,88562,88604],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88563,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576,88578,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588,88590,88592,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88565,86601],{"class":921},[45,88567,86604],{"class":152},[45,88569,156],{"class":59},[45,88571,64],{"class":63},[45,88573,86611],{"class":67},[45,88575,64],{"class":63},[45,88577,84],{"class":59},[45,88579,76],{"class":63},[45,88581,60511],{"class":67},[45,88583,64],{"class":63},[45,88585,84],{"class":59},[45,88587,86626],{"class":9393},[45,88589,56],{"class":55},[45,88591,64],{"class":63},[45,88593,86633],{"class":67},[45,88595,64],{"class":63},[45,88597,3889],{"class":59},[45,88599,47359],{"class":921},[45,88601,86643],{"class":86642},[45,88603,6614],{"class":59},[45,88605,88606,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88607,942],{"class":152},[45,88609,156],{"class":59},[45,88611,86749],{"class":86642},[45,88613,132],{"class":59},[45,88615,86659],{"class":135},[45,88617,598],{"class":59},[20,88619,88620],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[31,88622,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,88624,88626],{"id":88625},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88628,88629],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1398,88631,88633],{"id":88632},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88635,88636,88637,88639],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88638,86601],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1398,88641,5400,88643,329,88645,88647],{"id":88642},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88644,86997],{},[15,88646,18277],{}," mode?",[20,88649,88650,88652,88653,88655],{},[15,88651,86997],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88654,18277],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1398,88657,88659],{"id":88658},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88661,88662],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1398,88664,88666],{"id":88665},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88668,88669,88670,88672],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88671,86977],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[31,88674,2114],{"id":2113},[258,88676,88677,88681,88685,88689,88693,88697,88701,88707],{},[261,88678,88679],{},[277,88680,87810],{"href":87809},[261,88682,88683],{},[277,88684,88015],{"href":88014},[261,88686,88687],{},[277,88688,88019],{"href":88018},[261,88690,88691],{},[277,88692,87814],{"href":87813},[261,88694,88695],{},[277,88696,88406],{"href":88405},[261,88698,88699],{},[277,88700,88238],{"href":88237},[261,88702,88703],{},[277,88704,88230,88705,88234],{"href":88229},[45,88706,88233],{},[261,88708,88709],{},[277,88710,88268,88711,88272],{"href":88267},[45,88712,88271],{},[2154,88714,88715],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":88717},[88718,88719,88720,88721,88722,88723,88724,88729,88730,88735,88741,88742,88743,88751],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":86684,"depth":121,"text":86685},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":86981,"depth":121,"text":86982},{"id":87245,"depth":121,"text":87246},{"id":87369,"depth":121,"text":87370},{"id":87552,"depth":121,"text":87553,"children":88725},[88726,88727,88728],{"id":87562,"depth":142,"text":87563},{"id":87641,"depth":142,"text":87642},{"id":87724,"depth":142,"text":87725},{"id":87817,"depth":121,"text":87818},{"id":88022,"depth":121,"text":88023,"children":88731},[88732,88733,88734],{"id":88029,"depth":142,"text":86977},{"id":88113,"depth":142,"text":88113},{"id":88124,"depth":142,"text":88124},{"id":88135,"depth":121,"text":88136,"children":88736},[88737,88738,88739,88740],{"id":88142,"depth":142,"text":88145},{"id":88241,"depth":142,"text":88244},{"id":88275,"depth":142,"text":88278},{"id":88358,"depth":142,"text":88361},{"id":88375,"depth":121,"text":88376},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":88744},[88745,88746,88747,88749,88750],{"id":88625,"depth":142,"text":88626},{"id":88632,"depth":142,"text":88633},{"id":88642,"depth":142,"text":88748},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88658,"depth":142,"text":88659},{"id":88665,"depth":142,"text":88666},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86572,"description":88752},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88759,"title":88760,"body":88761,"description":90756,"extension":2195,"meta":90757,"navigation":145,"path":90758,"seo":90759,"stem":90760,"__hash__":90761},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88762,"toc":90703},[88763,88768,88773,88779,88781,88849,88851,88870,88875,88880,88885,88888,88900,88902,88945,88947,88965,88976,88978,88980,89005,89007,89018,89020,89080,89082,89108,89111,89115,89120,89124,89127,89161,89165,89168,89193,89197,89220,89224,89257,89262,89266,89271,89274,89342,89344,89368,89373,89376,89407,89409,89441,89458,89462,89467,89491,89498,89503,89508,89511,89515,89550,89552,89561,89565,89656,89658,89689,89694,89701,89706,89715,89718,89752,89754,89768,89772,89813,89815,89824,89828,89876,89878,89892,89897,89908,89915,89921,89923,89958,89960,89974,89977,89999,90005,90034,90045,90051,90057,90071,90073,90152,90154,90204,90211,90213,90218,90222,90225,90240,90245,90247,90266,90272,90275,90290,90292,90310,90316,90321,90351,90354,90377,90380,90407,90414,90420,90428,90451,90456,90464,90466,90486,90490,90496,90546,90549,90571,90573,90579,90587,90593,90599,90607,90612,90616,90619,90642,90647,90654,90666,90668,90700],[10,88764,3802,88766,3806],{"id":88765},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88767,46453],{},[20,88769,22,88770,88772],{},[15,88771,46453],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88774,88775,88776,88778],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88777,46453],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[31,88780,34],{"id":33},[36,88782,88784],{"className":38,"code":88783,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88785,88786,88798,88807,88811,88821,88831],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88787,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88789,8097],{"class":51},[45,88791,56],{"class":55},[45,88793,76],{"class":63},[45,88795,388],{"class":67},[45,88797,468],{"class":63},[45,88799,88800,88802,88804],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88801,21805],{"class":51},[45,88803,56],{"class":55},[45,88805,88806],{"class":96}," 12\n",[45,88808,88809],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,88810,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,88812,88813,88815,88817,88819],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,88814,153],{"class":152},[45,88816,156],{"class":59},[45,88818,68],{"class":135},[45,88820,161],{"class":59},[45,88822,88823,88825,88827,88829],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,88824,153],{"class":152},[45,88826,156],{"class":59},[45,88828,89],{"class":135},[45,88830,161],{"class":59},[45,88832,88833,88835,88837,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,88834,153],{"class":152},[45,88836,156],{"class":59},[45,88838,64],{"class":63},[45,88840,34860],{"class":67},[45,88842,64],{"class":63},[45,88844,84],{"class":59},[45,88846,35986],{"class":135},[45,88848,161],{"class":59},[20,88850,182],{},[36,88852,88854],{"className":38,"code":88853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88855,88856,88861,88865],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88857,88858],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88859,88860],{"class":51},"Mia\n",[45,88862,88863],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88864,2455],{"class":96},[45,88866,88867],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,88868,88869],{"class":51},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88871,1006,88872,88874],{},[15,88873,46453],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[31,88876,253,88878,256],{"id":88877},"what-print-does",[15,88879,46453],{},[20,88881,88882,88884],{},[15,88883,46453],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88886,88887],{},"You can use it to display:",[258,88889,88890,88892,88894,88897],{},[261,88891,34701],{},[261,88893,3876],{},[261,88895,88896],{},"variables",[261,88898,88899],{},"expressions",[20,88901,361],{},[36,88903,88905],{"className":38,"code":88904,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88906,88907,88921,88931],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88908,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917,88919],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88910,153],{"class":152},[45,88912,156],{"class":59},[45,88914,64],{"class":63},[45,88916,34860],{"class":67},[45,88918,64],{"class":63},[45,88920,161],{"class":59},[45,88922,88923,88925,88927,88929],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88924,153],{"class":152},[45,88926,156],{"class":59},[45,88928,2366],{"class":96},[45,88930,161],{"class":59},[45,88932,88933,88935,88937,88939,88941,88943],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,88934,153],{"class":152},[45,88936,156],{"class":59},[45,88938,1133],{"class":96},[45,88940,2684],{"class":55},[45,88942,1063],{"class":96},[45,88944,161],{"class":59},[20,88946,182],{},[36,88948,88950],{"className":38,"code":88949,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88951,88952,88957,88961],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88953,88954],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88955,88956],{"class":51},"Hello\n",[45,88958,88959],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,88960,3178],{"class":96},[45,88962,88963],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,88964,3178],{"class":96},[20,88966,88967,88968,88970,88971,88975],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88969,46453],{}," ",[355,88972,3919,88973],{},[15,88974,4006],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[31,88977,284],{"id":283},[20,88979,30879],{},[36,88981,88983],{"className":38,"code":88982,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88984,88985],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,88986,88987,88989,88991,88994,88996,88999,89001,89003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,88988,153],{"class":152},[45,88990,156],{"class":59},[45,88992,88993],{"class":135},"object1",[45,88995,84],{"class":59},[45,88997,88998],{"class":135}," object2",[45,89000,84],{"class":59},[45,89002,34446],{"class":152},[45,89004,161],{"class":59},[20,89006,80210],{},[258,89008,89009,89012,89015],{},[261,89010,89011],{},"one value",[261,89013,89014],{},"many values",[261,89016,89017],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89019,361],{},[36,89021,89023],{"className":38,"code":89022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89024,89025,89039,89058],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89026,89027,89029,89031,89033,89035,89037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89028,153],{"class":152},[45,89030,156],{"class":59},[45,89032,64],{"class":63},[45,89034,57773],{"class":67},[45,89036,64],{"class":63},[45,89038,161],{"class":59},[45,89040,89041,89043,89045,89047,89050,89052,89054,89056],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89042,153],{"class":152},[45,89044,156],{"class":59},[45,89046,64],{"class":63},[45,89048,89049],{"class":67},"Score:",[45,89051,64],{"class":63},[45,89053,84],{"class":59},[45,89055,6225],{"class":96},[45,89057,161],{"class":59},[45,89059,89060,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89074,89076,89078],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,89061,153],{"class":152},[45,89063,156],{"class":59},[45,89065,64],{"class":63},[45,89067,45564],{"class":67},[45,89069,64],{"class":63},[45,89071,84],{"class":59},[45,89073,2687],{"class":96},[45,89075,2684],{"class":55},[45,89077,37640],{"class":96},[45,89079,161],{"class":59},[20,89081,182],{},[36,89083,89085],{"className":38,"code":89084,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89086,89087,89091,89100],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89088,89089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89090,85363],{"class":51},[45,89092,89093,89096,89098],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89094,89095],{"class":51},"Score",[45,89097,73],{"class":59},[45,89099,2817],{"class":96},[45,89101,89102,89104,89106],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,89103,45604],{"class":51},[45,89105,73],{"class":59},[45,89107,2817],{"class":96},[20,89109,89110],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[31,89112,89114],{"id":89113},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89116,89117,89118,132],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89119,46453],{},[1398,89121,89123],{"id":89122},"print-text","Print text",[20,89125,89126],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[36,89128,89130],{"className":38,"code":89129,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89131,89132,89146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89133,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142,89144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89135,153],{"class":152},[45,89137,156],{"class":59},[45,89139,64],{"class":63},[45,89141,34860],{"class":67},[45,89143,64],{"class":63},[45,89145,161],{"class":59},[45,89147,89148,89150,89152,89154,89157,89159],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89149,153],{"class":152},[45,89151,156],{"class":59},[45,89153,64],{"class":63},[45,89155,89156],{"class":67},"Python is fun",[45,89158,64],{"class":63},[45,89160,161],{"class":59},[1398,89162,89164],{"id":89163},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89166,89167],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[36,89169,89171],{"className":38,"code":89170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89172,89173,89183],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89174,89175,89177,89179,89181],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89176,153],{"class":152},[45,89178,156],{"class":59},[45,89180,2366],{"class":96},[45,89182,161],{"class":59},[45,89184,89185,89187,89189,89191],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89186,153],{"class":152},[45,89188,156],{"class":59},[45,89190,40141],{"class":96},[45,89192,161],{"class":59},[1398,89194,89196],{"id":89195},"print-variables","Print variables",[36,89198,89200],{"className":38,"code":89199,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89201,89202,89210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89203,89204,89206,89208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89205,5319],{"class":51},[45,89207,56],{"class":55},[45,89209,14323],{"class":96},[45,89211,89212,89214,89216,89218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89213,153],{"class":152},[45,89215,156],{"class":59},[45,89217,85527],{"class":135},[45,89219,161],{"class":59},[1398,89221,89223],{"id":89222},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[36,89225,89227],{"className":38,"code":89226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89228,89229,89243],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89230,89231,89233,89235,89237,89239,89241],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89232,153],{"class":152},[45,89234,156],{"class":59},[45,89236,1133],{"class":96},[45,89238,2684],{"class":55},[45,89240,1063],{"class":96},[45,89242,161],{"class":59},[45,89244,89245,89247,89249,89251,89253,89255],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89246,153],{"class":152},[45,89248,156],{"class":59},[45,89250,2560],{"class":96},[45,89252,82839],{"class":55},[45,89254,2687],{"class":96},[45,89256,161],{"class":59},[20,89258,89259,89260,132],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[277,89261,50979],{"href":50978},[31,89263,89265],{"id":89264},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89267,89268,89270],{},[15,89269,46453],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89272,89273],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[36,89275,89277],{"className":38,"code":89276,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89278,89279,89292,89300,89304,89323],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89280,89281,89283,89285,89287,89290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89282,8097],{"class":51},[45,89284,56],{"class":55},[45,89286,76],{"class":63},[45,89288,89289],{"class":67},"Ava",[45,89291,468],{"class":63},[45,89293,89294,89296,89298],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89295,21805],{"class":51},[45,89297,56],{"class":55},[45,89299,2817],{"class":96},[45,89301,89302],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,89303,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,89305,89306,89308,89310,89312,89315,89317,89319,89321],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,89307,153],{"class":152},[45,89309,156],{"class":59},[45,89311,64],{"class":63},[45,89313,89314],{"class":67},"Name:",[45,89316,64],{"class":63},[45,89318,84],{"class":59},[45,89320,35986],{"class":135},[45,89322,161],{"class":59},[45,89324,89325,89327,89329,89331,89334,89336,89338,89340],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,89326,153],{"class":152},[45,89328,156],{"class":59},[45,89330,64],{"class":63},[45,89332,89333],{"class":67},"Age:",[45,89335,64],{"class":63},[45,89337,84],{"class":59},[45,89339,9406],{"class":135},[45,89341,161],{"class":59},[20,89343,182],{},[36,89345,89347],{"className":38,"code":89346,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89348,89349,89359],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89350,89351,89354,89356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89352,89353],{"class":51},"Name",[45,89355,73],{"class":59},[45,89357,89358],{"class":51}," Ava\n",[45,89360,89361,89364,89366],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89362,89363],{"class":51},"Age",[45,89365,73],{"class":59},[45,89367,2817],{"class":96},[20,89369,89370,89371,132],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89372,2291],{},[20,89374,89375],{},"For example, this works:",[36,89377,89379],{"className":38,"code":89378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89380,89381,89389],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89382,89383,89385,89387],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89384,21805],{"class":51},[45,89386,56],{"class":55},[45,89388,2817],{"class":96},[45,89390,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89392,153],{"class":152},[45,89394,156],{"class":59},[45,89396,64],{"class":63},[45,89398,89333],{"class":67},[45,89400,64],{"class":63},[45,89402,84],{"class":59},[45,89404,9406],{"class":135},[45,89406,161],{"class":59},[20,89408,36922],{},[36,89410,89412],{"className":38,"code":89411,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89413,89414,89422],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89415,89416,89418,89420],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89417,21805],{"class":51},[45,89419,56],{"class":55},[45,89421,2817],{"class":96},[45,89423,89424,89426,89428,89430,89433,89435,89437,89439],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89425,153],{"class":152},[45,89427,156],{"class":59},[45,89429,64],{"class":63},[45,89431,89432],{"class":67},"Age: ",[45,89434,64],{"class":63},[45,89436,2684],{"class":55},[45,89438,9406],{"class":135},[45,89440,161],{"class":59},[20,89442,89443,89444,89447,89448,89450,89451,89453,89454,132],{},"That fails because ",[15,89445,89446],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89449,89],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89452,2291],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[277,89455,89456],{"href":42174},[15,89457,47685],{},[31,89459,89461],{"id":89460},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89463,89464,89466],{},[15,89465,46453],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[258,89468,89469,89475,89480,89485],{},[261,89470,89471,89474],{},[15,89472,89473],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[261,89476,89477,89479],{},[15,89478,52664],{}," controls what is added after the output",[261,89481,89482,89484],{},[15,89483,86749],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[261,89486,89487,89490],{},[15,89488,89489],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89492,89493,89494,329,89496,132],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89495,89473],{},[15,89497,52664],{},[31,89499,89501,36611],{"id":89500},"sep-argument",[15,89502,89473],{},[20,89504,2212,89505,89507],{},[15,89506,89473],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89509,89510],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1398,89512,89514],{"id":89513},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[36,89516,89518],{"className":38,"code":89517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89519,89520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89521,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542,89544,89546,89548],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89523,153],{"class":152},[45,89525,156],{"class":59},[45,89527,64],{"class":63},[45,89529,13291],{"class":67},[45,89531,64],{"class":63},[45,89533,84],{"class":59},[45,89535,76],{"class":63},[45,89537,17637],{"class":67},[45,89539,64],{"class":63},[45,89541,84],{"class":59},[45,89543,76],{"class":63},[45,89545,703],{"class":67},[45,89547,64],{"class":63},[45,89549,161],{"class":59},[20,89551,182],{},[36,89553,89555],{"className":38,"code":89554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red green blue\n",[15,89556,89557],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89558,89559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89560,89554],{"class":51},[1398,89562,89564],{"id":89563},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[36,89566,89568],{"className":38,"code":89567,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89569,89570,89613],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89571,89572,89574,89576,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89603,89605,89607,89609,89611],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89573,153],{"class":152},[45,89575,156],{"class":59},[45,89577,64],{"class":63},[45,89579,13291],{"class":67},[45,89581,64],{"class":63},[45,89583,84],{"class":59},[45,89585,76],{"class":63},[45,89587,17637],{"class":67},[45,89589,64],{"class":63},[45,89591,84],{"class":59},[45,89593,76],{"class":63},[45,89595,703],{"class":67},[45,89597,64],{"class":63},[45,89599,84],{"class":59},[45,89601,89602],{"class":9393}," sep",[45,89604,56],{"class":55},[45,89606,64],{"class":63},[45,89608,84],{"class":67},[45,89610,64],{"class":63},[45,89612,161],{"class":59},[45,89614,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635,89637,89639,89641,89643,89645,89647,89649,89652,89654],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89616,153],{"class":152},[45,89618,156],{"class":59},[45,89620,64],{"class":63},[45,89622,13291],{"class":67},[45,89624,64],{"class":63},[45,89626,84],{"class":59},[45,89628,76],{"class":63},[45,89630,17637],{"class":67},[45,89632,64],{"class":63},[45,89634,84],{"class":59},[45,89636,76],{"class":63},[45,89638,703],{"class":67},[45,89640,64],{"class":63},[45,89642,84],{"class":59},[45,89644,89602],{"class":9393},[45,89646,56],{"class":55},[45,89648,64],{"class":63},[45,89650,89651],{"class":67}," - ",[45,89653,64],{"class":63},[45,89655,161],{"class":59},[20,89657,182],{},[36,89659,89661],{"className":38,"code":89660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89662,89663,89675],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89664,89665,89667,89669,89671,89673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89666,13291],{"class":51},[45,89668,84],{"class":59},[45,89670,17637],{"class":51},[45,89672,84],{"class":59},[45,89674,69988],{"class":51},[45,89676,89677,89680,89682,89685,89687],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89678,89679],{"class":51},"red ",[45,89681,2254],{"class":55},[45,89683,89684],{"class":51}," green ",[45,89686,2254],{"class":55},[45,89688,35875],{"class":51},[20,89690,89691,89693],{},[15,89692,89473],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89695,89696,89697,132],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[277,89698,89700],{"href":89699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[31,89702,89704,36611],{"id":89703},"end-argument",[15,89705,52664],{},[20,89707,89708,89709,89711,89712,89714],{},"By default, ",[15,89710,46453],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89713,46453],{}," starts on a new line.",[1398,89716,89514],{"id":89717},"default-behavior-1",[36,89719,89721],{"className":38,"code":89720,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89722,89723,89737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89724,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733,89735],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89726,153],{"class":152},[45,89728,156],{"class":59},[45,89730,64],{"class":63},[45,89732,34860],{"class":67},[45,89734,64],{"class":63},[45,89736,161],{"class":59},[45,89738,89739,89741,89743,89745,89748,89750],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89740,153],{"class":152},[45,89742,156],{"class":59},[45,89744,64],{"class":63},[45,89746,89747],{"class":67},"World",[45,89749,64],{"class":63},[45,89751,161],{"class":59},[20,89753,182],{},[36,89755,89757],{"className":38,"code":89756,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89758,89759,89763],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89760,89761],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89762,88956],{"class":51},[45,89764,89765],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89766,89767],{"class":51},"World\n",[1398,89769,89771],{"id":89770},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[36,89773,89775],{"className":38,"code":89774,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89776,89777,89799],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89778,89779,89781,89783,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89780,153],{"class":152},[45,89782,156],{"class":59},[45,89784,64],{"class":63},[45,89786,34860],{"class":67},[45,89788,64],{"class":63},[45,89790,84],{"class":59},[45,89792,65047],{"class":9393},[45,89794,56],{"class":55},[45,89796,6493],{"class":63},[45,89798,161],{"class":59},[45,89800,89801,89803,89805,89807,89809,89811],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89802,153],{"class":152},[45,89804,156],{"class":59},[45,89806,64],{"class":63},[45,89808,89747],{"class":67},[45,89810,64],{"class":63},[45,89812,161],{"class":59},[20,89814,182],{},[36,89816,89818],{"className":38,"code":89817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89819,89820],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89821,89822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89823,89817],{"class":51},[1398,89825,89827],{"id":89826},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[36,89829,89831],{"className":38,"code":89830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89832,89833,89862],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89834,89835,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89856,89858,89860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89836,153],{"class":152},[45,89838,156],{"class":59},[45,89840,64],{"class":63},[45,89842,34860],{"class":67},[45,89844,64],{"class":63},[45,89846,84],{"class":59},[45,89848,65047],{"class":9393},[45,89850,56],{"class":55},[45,89852,64],{"class":63},[45,89854,89855],{"class":67},"!",[45,89857,87160],{"class":34445},[45,89859,64],{"class":63},[45,89861,161],{"class":59},[45,89863,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872,89874],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89865,153],{"class":152},[45,89867,156],{"class":59},[45,89869,64],{"class":63},[45,89871,89747],{"class":67},[45,89873,64],{"class":63},[45,89875,161],{"class":59},[20,89877,182],{},[36,89879,89881],{"className":38,"code":89880,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89882,89883,89888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89884,89885],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89886,89887],{"class":51},"Hello!\n",[45,89889,89890],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89891,89767],{"class":51},[20,89893,2212,89894,89896],{},[15,89895,52664],{}," argument is useful for:",[258,89898,89899,89902,89905],{},[261,89900,89901],{},"progress messages",[261,89903,89904],{},"inline output",[261,89906,89907],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[31,89909,89911,2627,89913],{"id":89910},"print-returns-none",[15,89912,46453],{},[15,89914,4006],{},[20,89916,89917,89918,89920],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89919,46453],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89922,361],{},[36,89924,89926],{"className":38,"code":89925,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89927,89928,89948],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89929,89930,89932,89934,89937,89939,89941,89944,89946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89931,716],{"class":51},[45,89933,56],{"class":55},[45,89935,89936],{"class":152}," print",[45,89938,156],{"class":59},[45,89940,64],{"class":63},[45,89942,89943],{"class":67},"Hi",[45,89945,64],{"class":63},[45,89947,161],{"class":59},[45,89949,89950,89952,89954,89956],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89951,153],{"class":152},[45,89953,156],{"class":59},[45,89955,740],{"class":135},[45,89957,161],{"class":59},[20,89959,182],{},[36,89961,89963],{"className":38,"code":89962,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89964,89965,89970],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,89966,89967],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,89968,89969],{"class":51},"Hi\n",[45,89971,89972],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,89973,12009],{"class":4080},[20,89975,89976],{},"Why does this happen?",[258,89978,89979,89987,89992],{},[261,89980,89981,89984,89985],{},[15,89982,89983],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89986,89943],{},[261,89988,89989,89990],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89991,4006],{},[261,89993,89994,89995,12121,89997],{},"so ",[15,89996,740],{},[15,89998,4006],{},[20,90000,90001,90002,90004],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90003,46453],{}," call.",[36,90006,90008],{"className":38,"code":90007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90009,90010,90023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90011,90012,90015,90017,90019,90021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90013,90014],{"class":51},"message ",[45,90016,56],{"class":55},[45,90018,76],{"class":63},[45,90020,89943],{"class":67},[45,90022,468],{"class":63},[45,90024,90025,90027,90029,90032],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90026,153],{"class":152},[45,90028,156],{"class":59},[45,90030,90031],{"class":135},"message",[45,90033,161],{"class":59},[20,90035,90036,90037,90039,90040,90044],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90038,46453],{}," with functions like ",[277,90041,90042],{"href":8438},[15,90043,3189],{},", which do return a value.",[31,90046,90048,90049],{"id":90047},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90050,46453],{},[20,90052,90053,90054,90056],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90055,46453],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[258,90058,90059,90062,90065,90068],{},[261,90060,90061],{},"to display results to the user",[261,90063,90064],{},"to show messages in a script",[261,90066,90067],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[261,90069,90070],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90072,361],{},[36,90074,90076],{"className":38,"code":90075,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90077,90078,90086,90090,90110,90121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90079,90080,90082,90084],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90081,41181],{"class":51},[45,90083,56],{"class":55},[45,90085,38510],{"class":96},[45,90087,90088],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90089,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,90091,90092,90094,90096,90098,90100,90102,90104,90106,90108],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,90093,855],{"class":921},[45,90095,6607],{"class":51},[45,90097,927],{"class":921},[45,90099,54074],{"class":152},[45,90101,156],{"class":59},[45,90103,1430],{"class":96},[45,90105,84],{"class":59},[45,90107,2687],{"class":96},[45,90109,8559],{"class":59},[45,90111,90112,90115,90118],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,90113,90114],{"class":51},"    total ",[45,90116,90117],{"class":55},"+=",[45,90119,90120],{"class":51}," number\n",[45,90122,90123,90125,90127,90129,90132,90134,90136,90138,90140,90142,90144,90146,90148,90150],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,90124,942],{"class":152},[45,90126,156],{"class":59},[45,90128,64],{"class":63},[45,90130,90131],{"class":67},"Current number:",[45,90133,64],{"class":63},[45,90135,84],{"class":59},[45,90137,2427],{"class":135},[45,90139,84],{"class":59},[45,90141,76],{"class":63},[45,90143,45564],{"class":67},[45,90145,64],{"class":63},[45,90147,84],{"class":59},[45,90149,45571],{"class":135},[45,90151,161],{"class":59},[20,90153,182],{},[36,90155,90157],{"className":38,"code":90156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90158,90159,90175,90189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90160,90161,90164,90166,90168,90171,90173],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90162,90163],{"class":51},"Current number",[45,90165,73],{"class":59},[45,90167,1049],{"class":96},[45,90169,90170],{"class":51}," Total",[45,90172,73],{"class":59},[45,90174,29771],{"class":96},[45,90176,90177,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90178,90163],{"class":51},[45,90180,73],{"class":59},[45,90182,1035],{"class":96},[45,90184,90170],{"class":51},[45,90186,73],{"class":59},[45,90188,2807],{"class":96},[45,90190,90191,90193,90195,90197,90199,90201],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,90192,90163],{"class":51},[45,90194,73],{"class":59},[45,90196,1063],{"class":96},[45,90198,90170],{"class":51},[45,90200,73],{"class":59},[45,90202,90203],{"class":96}," 6\n",[20,90205,90206,90207,132],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[277,90208,90210],{"href":90209},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[31,90212,3061],{"id":3060},[20,90214,90215,90216,132],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90217,46453],{},[1398,90219,90221],{"id":90220},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90223,90224],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[36,90226,90228],{"className":38,"code":90227,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90229,90230],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90231,90232,90234,90236,90238],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90233,153],{"class":152},[45,90235,156],{"class":59},[45,90237,34860],{"class":135},[45,90239,161],{"class":59},[20,90241,9093,90242,90244],{},[15,90243,34860],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90246,11015],{},[36,90248,90250],{"className":38,"code":90249,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90251,90252],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90253,90254,90256,90258,90260,90262,90264],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90255,153],{"class":152},[45,90257,156],{"class":59},[45,90259,64],{"class":63},[45,90261,34860],{"class":67},[45,90263,64],{"class":63},[45,90265,161],{"class":59},[1398,90267,1797,90269,90271],{"id":90268},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90270,153],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90273,90274],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[36,90276,90278],{"className":38,"code":90277,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90279,90280],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90281,90282,90284,90286,90288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90283,153],{"class":152},[45,90285,76],{"class":63},[45,90287,34860],{"class":67},[45,90289,468],{"class":63},[20,90291,11015],{},[36,90293,90294],{"className":38,"code":90249,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,90295,90296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90297,90298,90300,90302,90304,90306,90308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90299,153],{"class":152},[45,90301,156],{"class":59},[45,90303,64],{"class":63},[45,90305,34860],{"class":67},[45,90307,64],{"class":63},[45,90309,161],{"class":59},[1398,90311,90313,90314],{"id":90312},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90315,2291],{},[20,90317,90318,90319,132],{},"This causes a ",[15,90320,3235],{},[36,90322,90323],{"className":38,"code":89411,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,90324,90325,90333],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90326,90327,90329,90331],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90328,21805],{"class":51},[45,90330,56],{"class":55},[45,90332,2817],{"class":96},[45,90334,90335,90337,90339,90341,90343,90345,90347,90349],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90336,153],{"class":152},[45,90338,156],{"class":59},[45,90340,64],{"class":63},[45,90342,89432],{"class":67},[45,90344,64],{"class":63},[45,90346,2684],{"class":55},[45,90348,9406],{"class":135},[45,90350,161],{"class":59},[20,90352,90353],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[36,90355,90357],{"className":38,"code":90356,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90358,90359],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90360,90361,90363,90365,90367,90369,90371,90373,90375],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90362,153],{"class":152},[45,90364,156],{"class":59},[45,90366,64],{"class":63},[45,90368,89333],{"class":67},[45,90370,64],{"class":63},[45,90372,84],{"class":59},[45,90374,9406],{"class":135},[45,90376,161],{"class":59},[20,90378,90379],{},"Or convert the number first:",[36,90381,90383],{"className":38,"code":90382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90384,90385],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90386,90387,90389,90391,90393,90395,90397,90399,90401,90403,90405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90388,153],{"class":152},[45,90390,156],{"class":59},[45,90392,64],{"class":63},[45,90394,89432],{"class":67},[45,90396,64],{"class":63},[45,90398,2684],{"class":55},[45,90400,48906],{"class":171},[45,90402,156],{"class":59},[45,90404,89],{"class":135},[45,90406,179],{"class":59},[20,90408,90409,90410,132],{},"If you see this error, read ",[277,90411,90413],{"href":90412},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1398,90415,8670,90417,90419],{"id":90416},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90418,46453],{}," to return a value",[20,90421,90422,90423,35323,90426,73],{},"This does not store ",[15,90424,90425],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90427,740],{},[36,90429,90431],{"className":38,"code":90430,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90432,90433],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90434,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90436,716],{"class":51},[45,90438,56],{"class":55},[45,90440,89936],{"class":152},[45,90442,156],{"class":59},[45,90444,64],{"class":63},[45,90446,34860],{"class":67},[45,90448,64],{"class":63},[45,90450,161],{"class":59},[20,90452,90453,90454,132],{},"It stores ",[15,90455,4006],{},[1398,90457,90459,90460,329,90462],{"id":90458},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90461,89473],{},[15,90463,52664],{},[20,90465,85819],{},[258,90467,90468,90477],{},[261,90469,90470,90472,90473,90476],{},[15,90471,89473],{}," changes what goes ",[355,90474,90475],{},"between"," multiple values",[261,90478,90479,90481,90482,90485],{},[15,90480,52664],{}," changes what appears ",[355,90483,90484],{},"after"," the output",[31,90487,90489],{"id":90488},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90491,90492,90493,90495],{},"These simple ",[15,90494,46453],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[36,90497,90499],{"className":38,"code":90498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90500,90501,90521,90536],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90502,90503,90505,90507,90509,90512,90514,90516,90519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90504,153],{"class":152},[45,90506,156],{"class":59},[45,90508,64],{"class":63},[45,90510,90511],{"class":67},"Debug:",[45,90513,64],{"class":63},[45,90515,84],{"class":59},[45,90517,90518],{"class":135}," variable_name",[45,90520,161],{"class":59},[45,90522,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531,90534],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90524,153],{"class":152},[45,90526,156],{"class":59},[45,90528,1478],{"class":171},[45,90530,156],{"class":59},[45,90532,90533],{"class":135},"variable_name",[45,90535,179],{"class":59},[45,90537,90538,90540,90542,90544],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,90539,32306],{"class":152},[45,90541,156],{"class":59},[45,90543,153],{"class":152},[45,90545,161],{"class":59},[20,90547,90548],{},"What they do:",[258,90550,90551,90557,90563],{},[261,90552,90553,90556],{},[15,90554,90555],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[261,90558,90559,90562],{},[15,90560,90561],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[261,90564,90565,90568,90569],{},[15,90566,90567],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90570,46453],{},[31,90572,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,90574,2062,90576,90578],{"id":90575},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90577,46453],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90580,90581,90582,90584,90585,36617],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90583,46453],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90586,52664],{},[1398,90588,5390,90590,90592],{"id":90589},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90591,46453],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90594,90595,90596,90598],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90597,46453],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1398,90600,5378,90602,5381,90605,2079],{"id":90601},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90603,90604],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90606,4006],{},[20,90608,29217,90609,90611],{},[15,90610,46453],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1398,90613,90615],{"id":90614},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90617,90618],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[36,90620,90622],{"className":38,"code":90621,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90623,90624],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90625,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634,90636,90638,90640],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90627,153],{"class":152},[45,90629,156],{"class":59},[45,90631,64],{"class":63},[45,90633,89333],{"class":67},[45,90635,64],{"class":63},[45,90637,84],{"class":59},[45,90639,6225],{"class":96},[45,90641,161],{"class":59},[20,90643,90644,90645,39927],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90646,47685],{},[1398,90648,5400,90650,329,90652,2079],{"id":90649},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90651,89473],{},[15,90653,52664],{},[258,90655,90656,90661],{},[261,90657,90658,90660],{},[15,90659,89473],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[261,90662,90663,90665],{},[15,90664,52664],{}," changes what appears after the output",[31,90667,2114],{"id":2113},[258,90669,90670,90674,90680,90686,90691,90696],{},[261,90671,90672],{},[277,90673,50979],{"href":50978},[261,90675,90676],{},[277,90677,3802,90678,3735],{"href":8438},[15,90679,3189],{},[261,90681,90682],{},[277,90683,3802,90684,3735],{"href":42174},[15,90685,47685],{},[261,90687,90688],{},[277,90689,90690],{"href":89699},"How to format strings in Python",[261,90692,90693],{},[277,90694,90695],{"href":90209},"How to debug Python code",[261,90697,90698],{},[277,90699,90413],{"href":90412},[2154,90701,90702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":90704},[90705,90706,90708,90709,90715,90716,90717,90722,90728,90730,90732,90743,90744,90755],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":88877,"depth":121,"text":90707},"What print() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":89113,"depth":121,"text":89114,"children":90710},[90711,90712,90713,90714],{"id":89122,"depth":142,"text":89123},{"id":89163,"depth":142,"text":89164},{"id":89195,"depth":142,"text":89196},{"id":89222,"depth":142,"text":89223},{"id":89264,"depth":121,"text":89265},{"id":89460,"depth":121,"text":89461},{"id":89500,"depth":121,"text":90718,"children":90719},"sep argument",[90720,90721],{"id":89513,"depth":142,"text":89514},{"id":89563,"depth":142,"text":89564},{"id":89703,"depth":121,"text":90723,"children":90724},"end argument",[90725,90726,90727],{"id":89717,"depth":142,"text":89514},{"id":89770,"depth":142,"text":89771},{"id":89826,"depth":142,"text":89827},{"id":89910,"depth":121,"text":90729},"print() returns None",{"id":90047,"depth":121,"text":90731},"When beginners use print()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":90733},[90734,90735,90737,90739,90741],{"id":90220,"depth":142,"text":90221},{"id":90268,"depth":142,"text":90736},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90312,"depth":142,"text":90738},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90416,"depth":142,"text":90740},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90458,"depth":142,"text":90742},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90488,"depth":121,"text":90489},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":90745},[90746,90748,90750,90752,90753],{"id":90575,"depth":142,"text":90747},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90589,"depth":142,"text":90749},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90601,"depth":142,"text":90751},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90614,"depth":142,"text":90615},{"id":90649,"depth":142,"text":90754},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88760,"description":90756},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90763,"title":90764,"body":90765,"description":93069,"extension":2195,"meta":93070,"navigation":145,"path":93071,"seo":93072,"stem":93073,"__hash__":93074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90766,"toc":93015},[90767,90772,90777,90790,90792,90857,90868,90873,90878,90880,90903,90906,90937,90939,90956,90961,90967,90972,91021,91024,91041,91047,91052,91075,91077,91105,91111,91119,91146,91148,91173,91179,91182,91213,91215,91244,91248,91251,91256,91278,91280,91308,91314,91320,91346,91348,91372,91378,91384,91414,91416,91444,91454,91458,91464,91497,91499,91528,91531,91534,91567,91569,91577,91583,91585,91608,91613,91622,91627,91641,91643,91683,91685,91715,91719,91754,91760,91764,91808,91810,91840,91846,91849,91928,91930,91952,91960,91963,92026,92034,92109,92115,92122,92127,92132,92155,92157,92178,92180,92193,92195,92242,92244,92283,92292,92294,92298,92302,92305,92332,92335,92364,92367,92391,92394,92402,92408,92430,92432,92460,92464,92469,92524,92529,92531,92588,92595,92604,92607,92639,92641,92649,92652,92658,92660,92683,92686,92692,92695,92714,92716,92735,92738,92760,92762,92790,92794,92798,92903,92905,92918,92920,92926,92929,92937,92942,92948,92954,92959,92967,92973,92980,92982,93012],[10,90768,3802,90770,3806],{"id":90769},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90771,36193],{},[20,90773,22,90774,90776],{},[15,90775,36193],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90778,90779,90780,90782,90783,90785,90786,90789],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90781,855],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90784,36193],{}," stops ",[355,90787,90788],{},"before"," the end value.",[31,90791,34],{"id":33},[36,90793,90795],{"className":38,"code":90794,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90796,90797,90813,90823,90827,90832,90837,90842,90847,90852],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90798,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90800,855],{"class":921},[45,90802,69555],{"class":51},[45,90804,927],{"class":921},[45,90806,54074],{"class":152},[45,90808,156],{"class":59},[45,90810,2366],{"class":96},[45,90812,8559],{"class":59},[45,90814,90815,90817,90819,90821],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90816,942],{"class":152},[45,90818,156],{"class":59},[45,90820,36149],{"class":135},[45,90822,161],{"class":59},[45,90824,90825],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,90826,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,90828,90829],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,90830,90831],{"class":1712},"# Output:\n",[45,90833,90834],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,90835,90836],{"class":1712},"# 0\n",[45,90838,90839],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,90840,90841],{"class":1712},"# 1\n",[45,90843,90844],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,90845,90846],{"class":1712},"# 2\n",[45,90848,90849],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,90850,90851],{"class":1712},"# 3\n",[45,90853,90854],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,90855,90856],{"class":1712},"# 4\n",[20,90858,90859,90862,90863,90865,90866,132],{},[15,90860,90861],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90864,1117],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90867,2366],{},[31,90869,253,90871,256],{"id":90870},"what-range-does",[15,90872,36193],{},[20,90874,90875,90877],{},[15,90876,36193],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90879,303],{},[258,90881,90882,90887,90893,90898],{},[261,90883,90884,90886],{},[15,90885,36193],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[261,90888,90889,90890,90892],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90891,855],{}," loops",[261,90894,90895,90896],{},"The stop value is ",[355,90897,65076],{},[261,90899,2055,90900,90902],{},[15,90901,60004],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90904,90905],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[36,90907,90909],{"className":38,"code":90908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90910,90911,90927],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90912,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90914,855],{"class":921},[45,90916,6607],{"class":51},[45,90918,927],{"class":921},[45,90920,54074],{"class":152},[45,90922,156],{"class":59},[45,90924,2294],{"class":96},[45,90926,8559],{"class":59},[45,90928,90929,90931,90933,90935],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90930,942],{"class":152},[45,90932,156],{"class":59},[45,90934,2469],{"class":135},[45,90936,161],{"class":59},[20,90938,182],{},[36,90940,90942],{"className":38,"code":90941,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90943,90944,90948,90952],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90945,90946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90947,47253],{"class":96},[45,90949,90950],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90951,46918],{"class":96},[45,90953,90954],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,90955,1148],{"class":96},[20,90957,90958,90959,132],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[277,90960,36023],{"href":36022},[31,90962,90964,90966],{"id":90963},"range-syntax",[15,90965,36193],{}," syntax",[20,90968,90969,90971],{},[15,90970,36193],{}," has three common forms:",[36,90973,90975],{"className":38,"code":90974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90976,90977,90987,91002],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,90978,90979,90981,90983,90985],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,90980,60004],{"class":152},[45,90982,156],{"class":59},[45,90984,75433],{"class":135},[45,90986,161],{"class":59},[45,90988,90989,90991,90993,90995,90997,91000],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,90990,60004],{"class":152},[45,90992,156],{"class":59},[45,90994,36067],{"class":135},[45,90996,84],{"class":59},[45,90998,90999],{"class":135}," stop",[45,91001,161],{"class":59},[45,91003,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91019],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,91005,60004],{"class":152},[45,91007,156],{"class":59},[45,91009,36067],{"class":135},[45,91011,84],{"class":59},[45,91013,90999],{"class":135},[45,91015,84],{"class":59},[45,91017,91018],{"class":135}," step",[45,91020,161],{"class":59},[20,91022,91023],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[258,91025,91026,91031,91036],{},[261,91027,91028,91030],{},[15,91029,36067],{}," = first number",[261,91032,91033,91035],{},[15,91034,75433],{}," = end limit, not included",[261,91037,91038,91040],{},[15,91039,75436],{}," = amount to move each time",[1398,91042,91044],{"id":91043},"rangestop",[15,91045,91046],{},"range(stop)",[20,91048,91049,91050,132],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91051,1117],{},[36,91053,91055],{"className":38,"code":91054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91056,91057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91058,91059,91061,91063,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91060,153],{"class":152},[45,91062,156],{"class":59},[45,91064,172],{"class":171},[45,91066,156],{"class":59},[45,91068,60004],{"class":152},[45,91070,156],{"class":59},[45,91072,2366],{"class":96},[45,91074,3143],{"class":59},[20,91076,182],{},[36,91078,91079],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91080,91081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91082,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91084,223],{"class":59},[45,91086,1117],{"class":96},[45,91088,84],{"class":59},[45,91090,1049],{"class":96},[45,91092,84],{"class":59},[45,91094,1035],{"class":96},[45,91096,84],{"class":59},[45,91098,1063],{"class":96},[45,91100,84],{"class":59},[45,91102,2687],{"class":96},[45,91104,244],{"class":59},[1398,91106,91108],{"id":91107},"rangestart-stop",[15,91109,91110],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91112,91113,91114,91116,91117,132],{},"This starts at ",[15,91115,36067],{}," and stops before ",[15,91118,75433],{},[36,91120,91122],{"className":38,"code":91121,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91123,91124],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91125,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91127,153],{"class":152},[45,91129,156],{"class":59},[45,91131,172],{"class":171},[45,91133,156],{"class":59},[45,91135,60004],{"class":152},[45,91137,156],{"class":59},[45,91139,1133],{"class":96},[45,91141,84],{"class":59},[45,91143,37640],{"class":96},[45,91145,3143],{"class":59},[20,91147,182],{},[36,91149,91151],{"className":38,"code":91150,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91152,91153],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91154,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91156,223],{"class":59},[45,91158,1133],{"class":96},[45,91160,84],{"class":59},[45,91162,1063],{"class":96},[45,91164,84],{"class":59},[45,91166,2687],{"class":96},[45,91168,84],{"class":59},[45,91170,4828],{"class":96},[45,91172,244],{"class":59},[1398,91174,91176],{"id":91175},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91177,91178],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91180,91181],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[36,91183,91185],{"className":38,"code":91184,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91186,91187],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91188,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91190,153],{"class":152},[45,91192,156],{"class":59},[45,91194,172],{"class":171},[45,91196,156],{"class":59},[45,91198,60004],{"class":152},[45,91200,156],{"class":59},[45,91202,1430],{"class":96},[45,91204,84],{"class":59},[45,91206,6225],{"class":96},[45,91208,84],{"class":59},[45,91210,1035],{"class":96},[45,91212,3143],{"class":59},[20,91214,182],{},[36,91216,91218],{"className":38,"code":91217,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91219,91220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91221,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236,91238,91240,91242],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91223,223],{"class":59},[45,91225,1430],{"class":96},[45,91227,84],{"class":59},[45,91229,1063],{"class":96},[45,91231,84],{"class":59},[45,91233,4828],{"class":96},[45,91235,84],{"class":59},[45,91237,6214],{"class":96},[45,91239,84],{"class":59},[45,91241,54140],{"class":96},[45,91243,244],{"class":59},[31,91245,91247],{"id":91246},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91249,91250],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1398,91252,91254],{"id":91253},"range5",[15,91255,90861],{},[36,91257,91258],{"className":38,"code":91054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91259,91260],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91261,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91263,153],{"class":152},[45,91265,156],{"class":59},[45,91267,172],{"class":171},[45,91269,156],{"class":59},[45,91271,60004],{"class":152},[45,91273,156],{"class":59},[45,91275,2366],{"class":96},[45,91277,3143],{"class":59},[20,91279,182],{},[36,91281,91282],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91283,91284],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91285,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294,91296,91298,91300,91302,91304,91306],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91287,223],{"class":59},[45,91289,1117],{"class":96},[45,91291,84],{"class":59},[45,91293,1049],{"class":96},[45,91295,84],{"class":59},[45,91297,1035],{"class":96},[45,91299,84],{"class":59},[45,91301,1063],{"class":96},[45,91303,84],{"class":59},[45,91305,2687],{"class":96},[45,91307,244],{"class":59},[20,91309,91113,91310,91116,91312,132],{},[15,91311,1117],{},[15,91313,2366],{},[1398,91315,91317],{"id":91316},"range2-6",[15,91318,91319],{},"range(2, 6)",[36,91321,91322],{"className":38,"code":91121,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91323,91324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91325,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91327,153],{"class":152},[45,91329,156],{"class":59},[45,91331,172],{"class":171},[45,91333,156],{"class":59},[45,91335,60004],{"class":152},[45,91337,156],{"class":59},[45,91339,1133],{"class":96},[45,91341,84],{"class":59},[45,91343,37640],{"class":96},[45,91345,3143],{"class":59},[20,91347,182],{},[36,91349,91350],{"className":38,"code":91150,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91351,91352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91353,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91355,223],{"class":59},[45,91357,1133],{"class":96},[45,91359,84],{"class":59},[45,91361,1063],{"class":96},[45,91363,84],{"class":59},[45,91365,2687],{"class":96},[45,91367,84],{"class":59},[45,91369,4828],{"class":96},[45,91371,244],{"class":59},[20,91373,91113,91374,91116,91376,132],{},[15,91375,1133],{},[15,91377,80601],{},[1398,91379,91381],{"id":91380},"range1-10-2",[15,91382,91383],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[36,91385,91386],{"className":38,"code":91184,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91387,91388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91389,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91391,153],{"class":152},[45,91393,156],{"class":59},[45,91395,172],{"class":171},[45,91397,156],{"class":59},[45,91399,60004],{"class":152},[45,91401,156],{"class":59},[45,91403,1430],{"class":96},[45,91405,84],{"class":59},[45,91407,6225],{"class":96},[45,91409,84],{"class":59},[45,91411,1035],{"class":96},[45,91413,3143],{"class":59},[20,91415,182],{},[36,91417,91418],{"className":38,"code":91217,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91419,91420],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91421,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91423,223],{"class":59},[45,91425,1430],{"class":96},[45,91427,84],{"class":59},[45,91429,1063],{"class":96},[45,91431,84],{"class":59},[45,91433,4828],{"class":96},[45,91435,84],{"class":59},[45,91437,6214],{"class":96},[45,91439,84],{"class":59},[45,91441,54140],{"class":96},[45,91443,244],{"class":59},[20,91445,91446,91447,91449,91450,61307,91452,132],{},"This moves by ",[15,91448,1133],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91451,1430],{},[15,91453,2374],{},[1398,91455,91457],{"id":91456},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91459,91460,91461,91463],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91462,36193],{}," count backward.",[36,91465,91467],{"className":38,"code":91466,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91468,91469],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91470,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91472,153],{"class":152},[45,91474,156],{"class":59},[45,91476,172],{"class":171},[45,91478,156],{"class":59},[45,91480,60004],{"class":152},[45,91482,156],{"class":59},[45,91484,2366],{"class":96},[45,91486,84],{"class":59},[45,91488,4061],{"class":96},[45,91490,84],{"class":59},[45,91492,2452],{"class":55},[45,91494,1430],{"class":96},[45,91496,3143],{"class":59},[20,91498,182],{},[36,91500,91502],{"className":38,"code":91501,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91503,91504],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91505,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91507,223],{"class":59},[45,91509,2366],{"class":96},[45,91511,84],{"class":59},[45,91513,2687],{"class":96},[45,91515,84],{"class":59},[45,91517,1063],{"class":96},[45,91519,84],{"class":59},[45,91521,1035],{"class":96},[45,91523,84],{"class":59},[45,91525,1049],{"class":96},[45,91527,244],{"class":59},[20,91529,91530],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91532,91533],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[36,91535,91537],{"className":38,"code":91536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91538,91539],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91540,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91542,153],{"class":152},[45,91544,156],{"class":59},[45,91546,172],{"class":171},[45,91548,156],{"class":59},[45,91550,60004],{"class":152},[45,91552,156],{"class":59},[45,91554,1430],{"class":96},[45,91556,84],{"class":59},[45,91558,4828],{"class":96},[45,91560,84],{"class":59},[45,91562,2452],{"class":55},[45,91564,1430],{"class":96},[45,91566,3143],{"class":59},[20,91568,182],{},[36,91570,91571],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91572,91573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91574,91575],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91576,38294],{"class":59},[1398,91578,91579,76596,91581],{"id":76820},[15,91580,75436],{},[15,91582,1117],{},[20,91584,3068],{},[36,91586,91588],{"className":38,"code":91587,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91589,91590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91591,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91593,60004],{"class":152},[45,91595,156],{"class":59},[45,91597,1430],{"class":96},[45,91599,84],{"class":59},[45,91601,4828],{"class":96},[45,91603,84],{"class":59},[45,91605,4061],{"class":96},[45,91607,161],{"class":59},[20,91609,76865,91610,91612],{},[15,91611,40702],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[31,91614,1797,91616,91618,91619,91621],{"id":91615},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91617,36193],{}," in a ",[15,91620,855],{}," loop",[20,91623,91624,91626],{},[15,91625,36193],{}," is most useful when:",[258,91628,91629,91632,91635],{},[261,91630,91631],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[261,91633,91634],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[261,91636,91637,91638],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91639,91640],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91642,361],{},[36,91644,91646],{"className":38,"code":91645,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91647,91648,91664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91649,91650,91652,91654,91656,91658,91660,91662],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91651,855],{"class":921},[45,91653,69555],{"class":51},[45,91655,927],{"class":921},[45,91657,54074],{"class":152},[45,91659,156],{"class":59},[45,91661,2294],{"class":96},[45,91663,8559],{"class":59},[45,91665,91666,91668,91670,91672,91675,91677,91679,91681],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91667,942],{"class":152},[45,91669,156],{"class":59},[45,91671,64],{"class":63},[45,91673,91674],{"class":67},"Loop number:",[45,91676,64],{"class":63},[45,91678,84],{"class":59},[45,91680,36124],{"class":135},[45,91682,161],{"class":59},[20,91684,182],{},[36,91686,91688],{"className":38,"code":91687,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91689,91690,91699,91707],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91691,91692,91695,91697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91693,91694],{"class":51},"Loop number",[45,91696,73],{"class":59},[45,91698,38510],{"class":96},[45,91700,91701,91703,91705],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91702,91694],{"class":51},[45,91704,73],{"class":59},[45,91706,29771],{"class":96},[45,91708,91709,91711,91713],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,91710,91694],{"class":51},[45,91712,73],{"class":59},[45,91714,45590],{"class":96},[1398,91716,91718],{"id":91717},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[36,91720,91722],{"className":38,"code":91721,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91723,91724,91740],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91725,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91727,855],{"class":921},[45,91729,69555],{"class":51},[45,91731,927],{"class":921},[45,91733,54074],{"class":152},[45,91735,156],{"class":59},[45,91737,2366],{"class":96},[45,91739,8559],{"class":59},[45,91741,91742,91744,91746,91748,91750,91752],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91743,942],{"class":152},[45,91745,156],{"class":59},[45,91747,64],{"class":63},[45,91749,34860],{"class":67},[45,91751,64],{"class":63},[45,91753,161],{"class":59},[20,91755,91756,91757,91759],{},"This prints ",[15,91758,90425],{}," five times.",[1398,91761,91763],{"id":91762},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[36,91765,91767],{"className":38,"code":91766,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91768,91769,91789],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91770,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91772,855],{"class":921},[45,91774,69555],{"class":51},[45,91776,927],{"class":921},[45,91778,54074],{"class":152},[45,91780,156],{"class":59},[45,91782,1430],{"class":96},[45,91784,84],{"class":59},[45,91786,2687],{"class":96},[45,91788,8559],{"class":59},[45,91790,91791,91793,91795,91797,91800,91802,91804,91806],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91792,942],{"class":152},[45,91794,156],{"class":59},[45,91796,64],{"class":63},[45,91798,91799],{"class":67},"Current number is",[45,91801,64],{"class":63},[45,91803,84],{"class":59},[45,91805,36124],{"class":135},[45,91807,161],{"class":59},[20,91809,182],{},[36,91811,91813],{"className":38,"code":91812,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91814,91815,91824,91832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91816,91817,91820,91822],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91818,91819],{"class":51},"Current number ",[45,91821,12395],{"class":55},[45,91823,29771],{"class":96},[45,91825,91826,91828,91830],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91827,91819],{"class":51},[45,91829,12395],{"class":55},[45,91831,45590],{"class":96},[45,91833,91834,91836,91838],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,91835,91819],{"class":51},[45,91837,12395],{"class":55},[45,91839,2807],{"class":96},[1398,91841,91843,91845],{"id":91842},"range-and-indexing",[15,91844,36193],{}," and indexing",[20,91847,91848],{},"You may see code like this:",[36,91850,91852],{"className":38,"code":91851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91853,91854,91886,91890,91910],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91855,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872,91874,91876,91878,91880,91882,91884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91857,8001],{"class":51},[45,91859,56],{"class":55},[45,91861,1427],{"class":59},[45,91863,64],{"class":63},[45,91865,277],{"class":67},[45,91867,64],{"class":63},[45,91869,84],{"class":59},[45,91871,76],{"class":63},[45,91873,1930],{"class":67},[45,91875,64],{"class":63},[45,91877,84],{"class":59},[45,91879,76],{"class":63},[45,91881,9951],{"class":67},[45,91883,64],{"class":63},[45,91885,244],{"class":59},[45,91887,91888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91889,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,91891,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,91893,855],{"class":921},[45,91895,69555],{"class":51},[45,91897,927],{"class":921},[45,91899,54074],{"class":152},[45,91901,156],{"class":59},[45,91903,11369],{"class":152},[45,91905,156],{"class":59},[45,91907,1289],{"class":135},[45,91909,69570],{"class":59},[45,91911,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,91913,942],{"class":152},[45,91915,156],{"class":59},[45,91917,36149],{"class":135},[45,91919,84],{"class":59},[45,91921,6186],{"class":135},[45,91923,223],{"class":59},[45,91925,36149],{"class":135},[45,91927,218],{"class":59},[20,91929,182],{},[36,91931,91932],{"className":38,"code":36161,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,91933,91934,91940,91946],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91935,91936,91938],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91937,1117],{"class":96},[45,91939,36170],{"class":51},[45,91941,91942,91944],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,91943,1430],{"class":96},[45,91945,36177],{"class":51},[45,91947,91948,91950],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,91949,1133],{"class":96},[45,91951,36184],{"class":51},[20,91953,91954,91955,91959],{},"This works, and it uses ",[277,91956,91957],{"href":42357},[15,91958,42360],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91961,91962],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[36,91964,91966],{"className":38,"code":91965,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91967,91968,92000,92004,92016],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,91969,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996,91998],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,91971,8001],{"class":51},[45,91973,56],{"class":55},[45,91975,1427],{"class":59},[45,91977,64],{"class":63},[45,91979,277],{"class":67},[45,91981,64],{"class":63},[45,91983,84],{"class":59},[45,91985,76],{"class":63},[45,91987,1930],{"class":67},[45,91989,64],{"class":63},[45,91991,84],{"class":59},[45,91993,76],{"class":63},[45,91995,9951],{"class":67},[45,91997,64],{"class":63},[45,91999,244],{"class":59},[45,92001,92002],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92003,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,92007,855],{"class":921},[45,92009,6181],{"class":51},[45,92011,927],{"class":921},[45,92013,6186],{"class":51},[45,92015,6614],{"class":59},[45,92017,92018,92020,92022,92024],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,92019,942],{"class":152},[45,92021,156],{"class":59},[45,92023,23483],{"class":135},[45,92025,161],{"class":59},[20,92027,36588,92028,92033],{},[277,92029,92031],{"href":92030},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92032,35743],{}," is usually a better choice:",[36,92035,92037],{"className":38,"code":92036,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92038,92039,92071,92075,92095],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92040,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059,92061,92063,92065,92067,92069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92042,8001],{"class":51},[45,92044,56],{"class":55},[45,92046,1427],{"class":59},[45,92048,64],{"class":63},[45,92050,277],{"class":67},[45,92052,64],{"class":63},[45,92054,84],{"class":59},[45,92056,76],{"class":63},[45,92058,1930],{"class":67},[45,92060,64],{"class":63},[45,92062,84],{"class":59},[45,92064,76],{"class":63},[45,92066,9951],{"class":67},[45,92068,64],{"class":63},[45,92070,244],{"class":59},[45,92072,92073],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92074,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,92076,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,92078,855],{"class":921},[45,92080,35815],{"class":51},[45,92082,84],{"class":59},[45,92084,6181],{"class":51},[45,92086,927],{"class":921},[45,92088,35825],{"class":152},[45,92090,156],{"class":59},[45,92092,1289],{"class":135},[45,92094,8559],{"class":59},[45,92096,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,92098,942],{"class":152},[45,92100,156],{"class":59},[45,92102,35840],{"class":135},[45,92104,84],{"class":59},[45,92106,29663],{"class":135},[45,92108,161],{"class":59},[20,92110,79125,92111,132],{},[277,92112,36601,92113,36604],{"href":36600},[15,92114,35743],{},[31,92116,92118,92119,92121],{"id":92117},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92120,36193],{}," to a list",[20,92123,92124,92126],{},[15,92125,36193],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92128,92129,92130,73],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92131,24947],{},[36,92133,92135],{"className":38,"code":92134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92136,92137],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92138,92139,92141,92143,92145,92147,92149,92151,92153],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92140,153],{"class":152},[45,92142,156],{"class":59},[45,92144,172],{"class":171},[45,92146,156],{"class":59},[45,92148,60004],{"class":152},[45,92150,156],{"class":59},[45,92152,2294],{"class":96},[45,92154,3143],{"class":59},[20,92156,182],{},[36,92158,92160],{"className":38,"code":92159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92161,92162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92163,92164,92166,92168,92170,92172,92174,92176],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92165,223],{"class":59},[45,92167,1117],{"class":96},[45,92169,84],{"class":59},[45,92171,1049],{"class":96},[45,92173,84],{"class":59},[45,92175,1035],{"class":96},[45,92177,244],{"class":59},[20,92179,1151],{},[258,92181,92182,92187,92190],{},[261,92183,92184,92185,42084],{},"learning how ",[15,92186,36193],{},[261,92188,92189],{},"checking your values",[261,92191,92192],{},"debugging code",[20,92194,5693],{},[36,92196,92198],{"className":38,"code":92197,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92199,92200,92214,92218,92228],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92201,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92203,3846],{"class":51},[45,92205,56],{"class":55},[45,92207,54074],{"class":152},[45,92209,156],{"class":59},[45,92211,2734],{"class":96},[45,92213,161],{"class":59},[45,92215,92216],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92217,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,92219,92220,92222,92224,92226],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,92221,153],{"class":152},[45,92223,156],{"class":59},[45,92225,3876],{"class":135},[45,92227,161],{"class":59},[45,92229,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238,92240],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,92231,153],{"class":152},[45,92233,156],{"class":59},[45,92235,172],{"class":171},[45,92237,156],{"class":59},[45,92239,3876],{"class":135},[45,92241,179],{"class":59},[20,92243,182],{},[36,92245,92247],{"className":38,"code":92246,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92248,92249,92263],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92250,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92252,60004],{"class":152},[45,92254,156],{"class":59},[45,92256,1117],{"class":96},[45,92258,84],{"class":59},[45,92260,2687],{"class":96},[45,92262,161],{"class":59},[45,92264,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92266,223],{"class":59},[45,92268,1117],{"class":96},[45,92270,84],{"class":59},[45,92272,1049],{"class":96},[45,92274,84],{"class":59},[45,92276,1035],{"class":96},[45,92278,84],{"class":59},[45,92280,1063],{"class":96},[45,92282,244],{"class":59},[20,92284,92285,92286,1174,92288,92291],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92287,60004],{},[15,92289,92290],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[31,92293,1391],{"id":1390},[20,92295,1394,92296,132],{},[15,92297,36193],{},[1398,92299,92301],{"id":92300},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92303,92304],{},"Many beginners think this:",[36,92306,92308],{"className":38,"code":92307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92309,92310],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92311,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324,92326,92328,92330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92313,153],{"class":152},[45,92315,156],{"class":59},[45,92317,172],{"class":171},[45,92319,156],{"class":59},[45,92321,60004],{"class":152},[45,92323,156],{"class":59},[45,92325,1430],{"class":96},[45,92327,84],{"class":59},[45,92329,4828],{"class":96},[45,92331,3143],{"class":59},[20,92333,92334],{},"will produce:",[36,92336,92338],{"className":38,"code":92337,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92339,92340],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92341,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92343,223],{"class":59},[45,92345,1430],{"class":96},[45,92347,84],{"class":59},[45,92349,1035],{"class":96},[45,92351,84],{"class":59},[45,92353,1063],{"class":96},[45,92355,84],{"class":59},[45,92357,2687],{"class":96},[45,92359,84],{"class":59},[45,92361,4828],{"class":96},[45,92363,244],{"class":59},[20,92365,92366],{},"But the real output is:",[36,92368,92369],{"className":38,"code":53509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92370,92371],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92372,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92374,223],{"class":59},[45,92376,1430],{"class":96},[45,92378,84],{"class":59},[45,92380,1035],{"class":96},[45,92382,84],{"class":59},[45,92384,1063],{"class":96},[45,92386,84],{"class":59},[45,92388,2687],{"class":96},[45,92390,244],{"class":59},[20,92392,92393],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1398,92395,1503,92397,92399,92400],{"id":92396},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92398,90861],{}," starts at ",[15,92401,1430],{},[20,92403,37464,92404,19142,92406,132],{},[15,92405,1117],{},[15,92407,1430],{},[36,92409,92410],{"className":38,"code":91054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92411,92412],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92413,92414,92416,92418,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92415,153],{"class":152},[45,92417,156],{"class":59},[45,92419,172],{"class":171},[45,92421,156],{"class":59},[45,92423,60004],{"class":152},[45,92425,156],{"class":59},[45,92427,2366],{"class":96},[45,92429,3143],{"class":59},[20,92431,182],{},[36,92433,92434],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92435,92436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92437,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92439,223],{"class":59},[45,92441,1117],{"class":96},[45,92443,84],{"class":59},[45,92445,1049],{"class":96},[45,92447,84],{"class":59},[45,92449,1035],{"class":96},[45,92451,84],{"class":59},[45,92453,1063],{"class":96},[45,92455,84],{"class":59},[45,92457,2687],{"class":96},[45,92459,244],{"class":59},[1398,92461,92463],{"id":92462},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92465,92466,92467,73],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92468,3189],{},[36,92470,92472],{"className":38,"code":92471,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92473,92474,92493,92497,92514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92475,92476,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92477,92478],{"class":51},"user_number ",[45,92480,56],{"class":55},[45,92482,8461],{"class":152},[45,92484,156],{"class":59},[45,92486,64],{"class":63},[45,92488,41870],{"class":67},[45,92490,64],{"class":63},[45,92492,161],{"class":59},[45,92494,92495],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92496,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,92498,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509,92512],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,92500,855],{"class":921},[45,92502,69555],{"class":51},[45,92504,927],{"class":921},[45,92506,54074],{"class":152},[45,92508,156],{"class":59},[45,92510,92511],{"class":135},"user_number",[45,92513,8559],{"class":59},[45,92515,92516,92518,92520,92522],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,92517,942],{"class":152},[45,92519,156],{"class":59},[45,92521,36149],{"class":135},[45,92523,161],{"class":59},[20,92525,48512,92526,92528],{},[15,92527,3189],{}," returns a string.",[20,92530,11015],{},[36,92532,92534],{"className":38,"code":92533,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92535,92536,92558,92562,92578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92537,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552,92554,92556],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92539,92478],{"class":51},[45,92541,56],{"class":55},[45,92543,45277],{"class":171},[45,92545,156],{"class":59},[45,92547,42462],{"class":152},[45,92549,156],{"class":59},[45,92551,64],{"class":63},[45,92553,41870],{"class":67},[45,92555,64],{"class":63},[45,92557,179],{"class":59},[45,92559,92560],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92561,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,92563,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,92565,855],{"class":921},[45,92567,69555],{"class":51},[45,92569,927],{"class":921},[45,92571,54074],{"class":152},[45,92573,156],{"class":59},[45,92575,92511],{"class":135},[45,92577,8559],{"class":59},[45,92579,92580,92582,92584,92586],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,92581,942],{"class":152},[45,92583,156],{"class":59},[45,92585,36149],{"class":135},[45,92587,161],{"class":59},[20,92589,92590,92591,132],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[277,92592,50526,92593],{"href":50525},[15,92594,50529],{},[1398,92596,92598,92599,92601,92602],{"id":92597},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92600,36067],{}," smaller than ",[15,92603,75433],{},[20,92605,92606],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[36,92608,92609],{"className":38,"code":91536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92610,92611],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92612,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92614,153],{"class":152},[45,92616,156],{"class":59},[45,92618,172],{"class":171},[45,92620,156],{"class":59},[45,92622,60004],{"class":152},[45,92624,156],{"class":59},[45,92626,1430],{"class":96},[45,92628,84],{"class":59},[45,92630,4828],{"class":96},[45,92632,84],{"class":59},[45,92634,2452],{"class":55},[45,92636,1430],{"class":96},[45,92638,3143],{"class":59},[20,92640,182],{},[36,92642,92643],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92644,92645],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92646,92647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92648,38294],{"class":59},[20,92650,92651],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1398,92653,25778,92655],{"id":92654},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92656,92657],{},"step = 0",[20,92659,77576],{},[36,92661,92663],{"className":38,"code":92662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92664,92665],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92666,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677,92679,92681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92668,60004],{"class":152},[45,92670,156],{"class":59},[45,92672,1430],{"class":96},[45,92674,84],{"class":59},[45,92676,6225],{"class":96},[45,92678,84],{"class":59},[45,92680,4061],{"class":96},[45,92682,161],{"class":59},[20,92684,92685],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1398,92687,4928,92689,92691],{"id":92688},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92690,36193],{}," is not a list",[20,92693,92694],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[36,92696,92698],{"className":38,"code":92697,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92699,92700],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92701,92702,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92703,153],{"class":152},[45,92705,156],{"class":59},[45,92707,60004],{"class":152},[45,92709,156],{"class":59},[45,92711,2366],{"class":96},[45,92713,179],{"class":59},[20,92715,182],{},[36,92717,92719],{"className":38,"code":92718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92720,92721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92722,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731,92733],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92724,60004],{"class":152},[45,92726,156],{"class":59},[45,92728,1117],{"class":96},[45,92730,84],{"class":59},[45,92732,4828],{"class":96},[45,92734,161],{"class":59},[20,92736,92737],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[36,92739,92740],{"className":38,"code":91054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92741,92742],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92743,92744,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92745,153],{"class":152},[45,92747,156],{"class":59},[45,92749,172],{"class":171},[45,92751,156],{"class":59},[45,92753,60004],{"class":152},[45,92755,156],{"class":59},[45,92757,2366],{"class":96},[45,92759,3143],{"class":59},[20,92761,182],{},[36,92763,92764],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,92765,92766],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92767,92768,92770,92772,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92769,223],{"class":59},[45,92771,1117],{"class":96},[45,92773,84],{"class":59},[45,92775,1049],{"class":96},[45,92777,84],{"class":59},[45,92779,1035],{"class":96},[45,92781,84],{"class":59},[45,92783,1063],{"class":96},[45,92785,84],{"class":59},[45,92787,2687],{"class":96},[45,92789,244],{"class":59},[31,92791,92793],{"id":92792},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92795,9093,92796,82347],{},[15,92797,36193],{},[36,92799,92801],{"className":38,"code":92800,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92802,92803,92817,92835,92857,92885],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,92804,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,92806,153],{"class":152},[45,92808,156],{"class":59},[45,92810,60004],{"class":152},[45,92812,156],{"class":59},[45,92814,2366],{"class":96},[45,92816,179],{"class":59},[45,92818,92819,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,92820,153],{"class":152},[45,92822,156],{"class":59},[45,92824,172],{"class":171},[45,92826,156],{"class":59},[45,92828,60004],{"class":152},[45,92830,156],{"class":59},[45,92832,2366],{"class":96},[45,92834,3143],{"class":59},[45,92836,92837,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849,92851,92853,92855],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,92838,153],{"class":152},[45,92840,156],{"class":59},[45,92842,172],{"class":171},[45,92844,156],{"class":59},[45,92846,60004],{"class":152},[45,92848,156],{"class":59},[45,92850,1133],{"class":96},[45,92852,84],{"class":59},[45,92854,6580],{"class":96},[45,92856,3143],{"class":59},[45,92858,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867,92869,92871,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,92860,153],{"class":152},[45,92862,156],{"class":59},[45,92864,172],{"class":171},[45,92866,156],{"class":59},[45,92868,60004],{"class":152},[45,92870,156],{"class":59},[45,92872,2560],{"class":96},[45,92874,84],{"class":59},[45,92876,4061],{"class":96},[45,92878,84],{"class":59},[45,92880,2452],{"class":55},[45,92882,1133],{"class":96},[45,92884,3143],{"class":59},[45,92886,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,92888,153],{"class":152},[45,92890,156],{"class":59},[45,92892,1478],{"class":171},[45,92894,156],{"class":59},[45,92896,60004],{"class":152},[45,92898,156],{"class":59},[45,92900,2366],{"class":96},[45,92902,3143],{"class":59},[20,92904,26166],{},[258,92906,92907,92910,92913],{},[261,92908,92909],{},"what values are being created",[261,92911,92912],{},"whether the direction is correct",[261,92914,92915,92916,839],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92917,60004],{},[31,92919,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,92921,2062,92923,92925],{"id":92922},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92924,36193],{}," include the last number?",[20,92927,92928],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1398,92930,5378,92932,92934,92935,2079],{"id":92931},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92933,90861],{}," start at ",[15,92936,1117],{},[20,92938,92939,92940,132],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92941,1117],{},[1398,92943,5390,92945,92947],{"id":92944},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92946,36193],{}," count backward?",[20,92949,92950,92951,132],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92952,92953],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1398,92955,15096,92957,26201],{"id":92956},"is-range-a-list",[15,92958,36193],{},[20,92960,26204,92961,92963,92964,2072],{},[15,92962,60004],{}," object. Use ",[15,92965,92966],{},"list(range(...))",[1398,92968,5378,92970,48686],{"id":92969},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92971,92972],{},"range(input())",[20,92974,92975,3710,92977,132],{},[15,92976,3189],{},[15,92978,92979],{},"int(input())",[31,92981,2114],{"id":2113},[258,92983,92984,92988,92994,93000,93006],{},[261,92985,92986],{},[277,92987,36023],{"href":36022},[261,92989,92990],{},[277,92991,3802,92992,3735],{"href":42357},[15,92993,42360],{},[261,92995,92996],{},[277,92997,3802,92998,3735],{"href":92030},[15,92999,35743],{},[261,93001,93002],{},[277,93003,37515,93004,36604],{"href":36600},[15,93005,35743],{},[261,93007,93008],{},[277,93009,50526,93010],{"href":50525},[15,93011,50529],{},[2154,93013,93014],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":93016},[93017,93018,93020,93026,93034,93041,93043,93055,93056,93068],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":90870,"depth":121,"text":93019},"What range() does",{"id":90963,"depth":121,"text":93021,"children":93022},"range() syntax",[93023,93024,93025],{"id":91043,"depth":142,"text":91046},{"id":91107,"depth":142,"text":91110},{"id":91175,"depth":142,"text":91178},{"id":91246,"depth":121,"text":91247,"children":93027},[93028,93029,93030,93031,93032],{"id":91253,"depth":142,"text":90861},{"id":91316,"depth":142,"text":91319},{"id":91380,"depth":142,"text":91383},{"id":91456,"depth":142,"text":91457},{"id":76820,"depth":142,"text":93033},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91615,"depth":121,"text":93035,"children":93036},"Using range() in a for loop",[93037,93038,93039],{"id":91717,"depth":142,"text":91718},{"id":91762,"depth":142,"text":91763},{"id":91842,"depth":142,"text":93040},"range() and indexing",{"id":92117,"depth":121,"text":93042},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":93044},[93045,93046,93048,93049,93051,93053],{"id":92300,"depth":142,"text":92301},{"id":92396,"depth":142,"text":93047},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92462,"depth":142,"text":92463},{"id":92597,"depth":142,"text":93050},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92654,"depth":142,"text":93052},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92688,"depth":142,"text":93054},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92792,"depth":121,"text":92793},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":93057},[93058,93060,93062,93064,93066],{"id":92922,"depth":142,"text":93059},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92931,"depth":142,"text":93061},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92944,"depth":142,"text":93063},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92956,"depth":142,"text":93065},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92969,"depth":142,"text":93067},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90764,"description":93069},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93076,"title":93077,"body":93078,"description":94751,"extension":2195,"meta":94752,"navigation":145,"path":94753,"seo":94754,"stem":94755,"__hash__":94756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93079,"toc":94724},[93080,93089,93096,93113,93129,93131,93180,93188,93192,93195,93215,93217,93281,93283,93326,93329,93375,93377,93410,93420,93426,93434,93451,93453,93484,93486,93511,93516,93527,93530,93600,93602,93633,93638,93643,93660,93662,93713,93715,93748,93751,93758,93763,93767,93783,93785,93829,93831,93877,93880,93893,93898,93902,93916,93918,93969,93971,94004,94009,94011,94018,94020,94043,94045,94110,94112,94129,94132,94165,94167,94195,94205,94212,94216,94219,94237,94240,94268,94271,94289,94294,94300,94303,94325,94327,94355,94357,94360,94385,94388,94501,94503,94582,94584,94590,94595,94603,94611,94615,94618,94620,94653,94655,94663,94669,94676,94683,94686,94688,94721],[10,93081,3802,93083,1174,93085,93088],{"id":93082},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93084,36193],{},[15,93086,93087],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93090,93091,329,93093,93095],{},[15,93092,36193],{},[15,93094,93087],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[258,93097,93098,93106],{},[261,93099,93100,93102,93103],{},[15,93101,36193],{}," creates a ",[355,93104,93105],{},"range object",[261,93107,93108,93102,93110],{},[15,93109,93087],{},[355,93111,93112],{},"real list",[20,93114,93115,93116,93118,93119,93122,93123,93125,93126,93128],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93117,90861],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93120,93121],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93124,36193],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93127,93087],{}," when you actually need a list.",[31,93130,3836],{"id":3835},[36,93132,93134],{"className":38,"code":93133,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93135,93136,93150,93163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93137,93138,93140,93142,93144,93146,93148],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93139,3846],{"class":51},[45,93141,56],{"class":55},[45,93143,54074],{"class":152},[45,93145,156],{"class":59},[45,93147,2366],{"class":96},[45,93149,161],{"class":59},[45,93151,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93153,153],{"class":152},[45,93155,156],{"class":59},[45,93157,3876],{"class":135},[45,93159,3889],{"class":59},[45,93161,93162],{"class":1712},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[45,93164,93165,93167,93169,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93166,153],{"class":152},[45,93168,156],{"class":59},[45,93170,172],{"class":171},[45,93172,156],{"class":59},[45,93174,3876],{"class":135},[45,93176,5582],{"class":59},[45,93178,93179],{"class":1712},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93181,1006,93182,93184,93185,93187],{},[15,93183,36193],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93186,93087],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[31,93189,93191],{"id":93190},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93193,93194],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[258,93196,93197,93204,93209,93212],{},[261,93198,93199,347,93201,93203],{},[15,93200,36193],{},[355,93202,93105],{},", not a list",[261,93205,93206,93208],{},[15,93207,93087],{}," converts that range object into a list",[261,93210,93211],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[261,93213,93214],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93216,361],{},[36,93218,93220],{"className":38,"code":93219,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93221,93222,93237,93256,93260,93270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93223,93224,93227,93229,93231,93233,93235],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93225,93226],{"class":51},"r ",[45,93228,56],{"class":55},[45,93230,54074],{"class":152},[45,93232,156],{"class":59},[45,93234,2366],{"class":96},[45,93236,161],{"class":59},[45,93238,93239,93242,93244,93246,93248,93250,93252,93254],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93240,93241],{"class":51},"lst ",[45,93243,56],{"class":55},[45,93245,587],{"class":171},[45,93247,156],{"class":59},[45,93249,60004],{"class":152},[45,93251,156],{"class":59},[45,93253,2366],{"class":96},[45,93255,179],{"class":59},[45,93257,93258],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93259,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,93261,93262,93264,93266,93268],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,93263,153],{"class":152},[45,93265,156],{"class":59},[45,93267,60511],{"class":135},[45,93269,161],{"class":59},[45,93271,93272,93274,93276,93279],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,93273,153],{"class":152},[45,93275,156],{"class":59},[45,93277,93278],{"class":135},"lst",[45,93280,161],{"class":59},[20,93282,182],{},[36,93284,93286],{"className":38,"code":93285,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93287,93288,93302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93289,93290,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93291,60004],{"class":152},[45,93293,156],{"class":59},[45,93295,1117],{"class":96},[45,93297,84],{"class":59},[45,93299,4828],{"class":96},[45,93301,161],{"class":59},[45,93303,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312,93314,93316,93318,93320,93322,93324],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93305,223],{"class":59},[45,93307,1117],{"class":96},[45,93309,84],{"class":59},[45,93311,1049],{"class":96},[45,93313,84],{"class":59},[45,93315,1035],{"class":96},[45,93317,84],{"class":59},[45,93319,1063],{"class":96},[45,93321,84],{"class":59},[45,93323,2687],{"class":96},[45,93325,244],{"class":59},[20,93327,93328],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[36,93330,93332],{"className":38,"code":93331,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93333,93334,93352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93335,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93337,153],{"class":152},[45,93339,156],{"class":59},[45,93341,1478],{"class":171},[45,93343,156],{"class":59},[45,93345,60004],{"class":152},[45,93347,156],{"class":59},[45,93349,2366],{"class":96},[45,93351,3143],{"class":59},[45,93353,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362,93364,93366,93368,93370,93372],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93355,153],{"class":152},[45,93357,156],{"class":59},[45,93359,1478],{"class":171},[45,93361,156],{"class":59},[45,93363,172],{"class":171},[45,93365,156],{"class":59},[45,93367,60004],{"class":152},[45,93369,156],{"class":59},[45,93371,2366],{"class":96},[45,93373,93374],{"class":59},"))))\n",[20,93376,182],{},[36,93378,93380],{"className":38,"code":93379,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93381,93382,93396],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93383,93384,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93385,1594],{"class":55},[45,93387,1598],{"class":1597},[45,93389,211],{"class":63},[45,93391,60004],{"class":67},[45,93393,198],{"class":63},[45,93395,1607],{"class":55},[45,93397,93398,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93399,1594],{"class":55},[45,93401,1598],{"class":1597},[45,93403,211],{"class":63},[45,93405,172],{"class":67},[45,93407,198],{"class":63},[45,93409,1607],{"class":55},[20,93411,93412,93413,93415,93416,132],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93414,36193],{}," works, see ",[277,93417,3802,93418,3735],{"href":93071},[15,93419,36193],{},[31,93421,253,93423,93425],{"id":93422},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93424,36193],{}," gives you",[20,93427,93428,93430,93431,93433],{},[15,93429,36193],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93432,855],{}," loops.",[258,93435,93436,93439,93442,93445],{},[261,93437,93438],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[261,93440,93441],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[261,93443,93444],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[261,93446,93447,93448],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93449,93450],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93452,361],{},[36,93454,93456],{"className":38,"code":93455,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93457,93458,93474],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93459,93460,93462,93464,93466,93468,93470,93472],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93461,855],{"class":921},[45,93463,69555],{"class":51},[45,93465,927],{"class":921},[45,93467,54074],{"class":152},[45,93469,156],{"class":59},[45,93471,2366],{"class":96},[45,93473,8559],{"class":59},[45,93475,93476,93478,93480,93482],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93477,942],{"class":152},[45,93479,156],{"class":59},[45,93481,36149],{"class":135},[45,93483,161],{"class":59},[20,93485,182],{},[36,93487,93489],{"className":38,"code":93488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93490,93491,93495,93499,93503,93507],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93492,93493],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93494,47253],{"class":96},[45,93496,93497],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93498,46918],{"class":96},[45,93500,93501],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93502,1148],{"class":96},[45,93504,93505],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,93506,46618],{"class":96},[45,93508,93509],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,93510,48652],{"class":96},[20,93512,20949,93513,93515],{},[15,93514,90861],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93517,93518,93519,93521,93522,132],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93520,36193],{}," is so common with ",[277,93523,3802,93525,90892],{"href":93524},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93526,855],{},[20,93528,93529],{},"You can also inspect it:",[36,93531,93533],{"className":38,"code":93532,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93534,93535,93557,93561,93571,93585],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93536,93537,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547,93549,93551,93553,93555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93538,93226],{"class":51},[45,93540,56],{"class":55},[45,93542,54074],{"class":152},[45,93544,156],{"class":59},[45,93546,1133],{"class":96},[45,93548,84],{"class":59},[45,93550,6225],{"class":96},[45,93552,84],{"class":59},[45,93554,1035],{"class":96},[45,93556,161],{"class":59},[45,93558,93559],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93560,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,93562,93563,93565,93567,93569],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93564,153],{"class":152},[45,93566,156],{"class":59},[45,93568,60511],{"class":135},[45,93570,161],{"class":59},[45,93572,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,93574,153],{"class":152},[45,93576,156],{"class":59},[45,93578,11369],{"class":152},[45,93580,156],{"class":59},[45,93582,60511],{"class":135},[45,93584,179],{"class":59},[45,93586,93587,93589,93591,93593,93595,93598],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,93588,153],{"class":152},[45,93590,156],{"class":59},[45,93592,80601],{"class":96},[45,93594,21352],{"class":921},[45,93596,93597],{"class":135}," r",[45,93599,161],{"class":59},[20,93601,182],{},[36,93603,93605],{"className":38,"code":93604,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93606,93607,93625,93629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93608,93609,93611,93613,93615,93617,93619,93621,93623],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93610,60004],{"class":152},[45,93612,156],{"class":59},[45,93614,1133],{"class":96},[45,93616,84],{"class":59},[45,93618,6225],{"class":96},[45,93620,84],{"class":59},[45,93622,1035],{"class":96},[45,93624,161],{"class":59},[45,93626,93627],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93628,48652],{"class":96},[45,93630,93631],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93632,4205],{"class":4080},[31,93634,253,93636,93425],{"id":93635},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93637,93087],{},[20,93639,93640,93642],{},[15,93641,93087],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[258,93644,93645,93648,93651,93654],{},[261,93646,93647],{},"It creates all values at once",[261,93649,93650],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[261,93652,93653],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[261,93655,93656,93657,93659],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93658,36193],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93661,361],{},[36,93663,93665],{"className":38,"code":93664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93666,93667,93685,93689,93699],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93668,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93670,3846],{"class":51},[45,93672,56],{"class":55},[45,93674,587],{"class":171},[45,93676,156],{"class":59},[45,93678,60004],{"class":152},[45,93680,156],{"class":59},[45,93682,2366],{"class":96},[45,93684,179],{"class":59},[45,93686,93687],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93688,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,93690,93691,93693,93695,93697],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93692,153],{"class":152},[45,93694,156],{"class":59},[45,93696,3876],{"class":135},[45,93698,161],{"class":59},[45,93700,93701,93703,93705,93707,93709,93711],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,93702,153],{"class":152},[45,93704,156],{"class":59},[45,93706,3876],{"class":135},[45,93708,223],{"class":59},[45,93710,1133],{"class":96},[45,93712,218],{"class":59},[20,93714,182],{},[36,93716,93718],{"className":38,"code":93717,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93719,93720,93744],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93723,223],{"class":59},[45,93725,1117],{"class":96},[45,93727,84],{"class":59},[45,93729,1049],{"class":96},[45,93731,84],{"class":59},[45,93733,1035],{"class":96},[45,93735,84],{"class":59},[45,93737,1063],{"class":96},[45,93739,84],{"class":59},[45,93741,2687],{"class":96},[45,93743,244],{"class":59},[45,93745,93746],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93747,1148],{"class":96},[20,93749,93750],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93752,93753,93754,132],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[277,93755,3802,93756,3735],{"href":64854},[15,93757,24947],{},[31,93759,5185,93761],{"id":93760},"when-to-use-range",[15,93762,36193],{},[20,93764,1006,93765,10811],{},[15,93766,36193],{},[258,93768,93769,93774,93777,93780],{},[261,93770,93771,93772,91621],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93773,855],{},[261,93775,93776],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[261,93778,93779],{},"You are working with large sequences",[261,93781,93782],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93784,361],{},[36,93786,93788],{"className":38,"code":93787,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93789,93790,93810],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93791,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806,93808],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93793,855],{"class":921},[45,93795,69555],{"class":51},[45,93797,927],{"class":921},[45,93799,54074],{"class":152},[45,93801,156],{"class":59},[45,93803,1430],{"class":96},[45,93805,84],{"class":59},[45,93807,37640],{"class":96},[45,93809,8559],{"class":59},[45,93811,93812,93814,93816,93818,93821,93823,93825,93827],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93813,942],{"class":152},[45,93815,156],{"class":59},[45,93817,64],{"class":63},[45,93819,93820],{"class":67},"Count:",[45,93822,64],{"class":63},[45,93824,84],{"class":59},[45,93826,36124],{"class":135},[45,93828,161],{"class":59},[20,93830,182],{},[36,93832,93834],{"className":38,"code":93833,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93835,93836,93845,93853,93861,93869],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93837,93838,93841,93843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93839,93840],{"class":51},"Count",[45,93842,73],{"class":59},[45,93844,29771],{"class":96},[45,93846,93847,93849,93851],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93848,93840],{"class":51},[45,93850,73],{"class":59},[45,93852,45590],{"class":96},[45,93854,93855,93857,93859],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93856,93840],{"class":51},[45,93858,73],{"class":59},[45,93860,2807],{"class":96},[45,93862,93863,93865,93867],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,93864,93840],{"class":51},[45,93866,73],{"class":59},[45,93868,23836],{"class":96},[45,93870,93871,93873,93875],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,93872,93840],{"class":51},[45,93874,73],{"class":59},[45,93876,34835],{"class":96},[20,93878,93879],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93881,93882,93883,93885,93886,62294,93888,132],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93884,35743],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93887,36594],{},[277,93889,36601,93891,36604],{"href":93890},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93892,35743],{},[31,93894,5185,93896],{"id":93895},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93897,93087],{},[20,93899,1006,93900,10811],{},[15,93901,93087],{},[258,93903,93904,93907,93910,93913],{},[261,93905,93906],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[261,93908,93909],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[261,93911,93912],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[261,93914,93915],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93917,361],{},[36,93919,93921],{"className":38,"code":93920,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93922,93923,93941,93955,93959],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93924,93925,93927,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93926,3846],{"class":51},[45,93928,56],{"class":55},[45,93930,587],{"class":171},[45,93932,156],{"class":59},[45,93934,60004],{"class":152},[45,93936,156],{"class":59},[45,93938,2366],{"class":96},[45,93940,179],{"class":59},[45,93942,93943,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,93944,3876],{"class":51},[45,93946,132],{"class":59},[45,93948,13746],{"class":135},[45,93950,156],{"class":59},[45,93952,2366],{"class":96},[45,93954,161],{"class":59},[45,93956,93957],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,93958,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,93960,93961,93963,93965,93967],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,93962,153],{"class":152},[45,93964,156],{"class":59},[45,93966,3876],{"class":135},[45,93968,161],{"class":59},[20,93970,182],{},[36,93972,93974],{"className":38,"code":93973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93975,93976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,93977,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,93979,223],{"class":59},[45,93981,1117],{"class":96},[45,93983,84],{"class":59},[45,93985,1049],{"class":96},[45,93987,84],{"class":59},[45,93989,1035],{"class":96},[45,93991,84],{"class":59},[45,93993,1063],{"class":96},[45,93995,84],{"class":59},[45,93997,2687],{"class":96},[45,93999,84],{"class":59},[45,94001,4828],{"class":96},[45,94003,244],{"class":59},[20,94005,6281,94006,94008],{},[15,94007,3876],{}," is a list.",[31,94010,15790],{"id":15789},[20,94012,94013,94015,94016,132],{},[15,94014,36193],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[355,94017,37594],{},[20,94019,2338],{},[258,94021,94022,94024,94029,94034,94037],{},[261,94023,22160],{},[261,94025,94026,94027],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94028,42360],{},[261,94030,94031,94032],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94033,927],{},[261,94035,94036],{},"You can index it",[261,94038,94039,94040,94042],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94041,52656],{}," do not work on it",[20,94044,361],{},[36,94046,94048],{"className":38,"code":94047,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94049,94050,94064,94068,94082,94096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94051,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94053,93226],{"class":51},[45,94055,56],{"class":55},[45,94057,54074],{"class":152},[45,94059,156],{"class":59},[45,94061,2366],{"class":96},[45,94063,161],{"class":59},[45,94065,94066],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94067,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,94069,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,94071,153],{"class":152},[45,94073,156],{"class":59},[45,94075,60511],{"class":135},[45,94077,223],{"class":59},[45,94079,1133],{"class":96},[45,94081,218],{"class":59},[45,94083,94084,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,94085,153],{"class":152},[45,94087,156],{"class":59},[45,94089,11369],{"class":152},[45,94091,156],{"class":59},[45,94093,60511],{"class":135},[45,94095,179],{"class":59},[45,94097,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106,94108],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,94099,153],{"class":152},[45,94101,156],{"class":59},[45,94103,2294],{"class":96},[45,94105,21352],{"class":921},[45,94107,93597],{"class":135},[45,94109,161],{"class":59},[20,94111,182],{},[36,94113,94115],{"className":38,"code":94114,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94116,94117,94121,94125],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94118,94119],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94120,1148],{"class":96},[45,94122,94123],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94124,3178],{"class":96},[45,94126,94127],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,94128,4205],{"class":4080},[20,94130,94131],{},"Now compare that with this:",[36,94133,94135],{"className":38,"code":94134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94136,94137,94151],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94138,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94140,93226],{"class":51},[45,94142,56],{"class":55},[45,94144,54074],{"class":152},[45,94146,156],{"class":59},[45,94148,2366],{"class":96},[45,94150,161],{"class":59},[45,94152,94153,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94154,60511],{"class":51},[45,94156,132],{"class":59},[45,94158,13746],{"class":135},[45,94160,156],{"class":59},[45,94162,2366],{"class":96},[45,94164,161],{"class":59},[20,94166,182],{},[36,94168,94170],{"className":38,"code":94169,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94171,94172],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94173,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94189,94191,94193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94175,1490],{"class":171},[45,94177,73],{"class":59},[45,94179,211],{"class":63},[45,94181,60004],{"class":67},[45,94183,198],{"class":63},[45,94185,839],{"class":171},[45,94187,94188],{"class":51}," has no attribute ",[45,94190,198],{"class":63},[45,94192,13746],{"class":67},[45,94194,29855],{"class":63},[20,94196,94197,94198,2419,94200,2423,94202,94204],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94199,52656],{},[15,94201,55533],{},[15,94203,64318],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94206,94207,94208,132],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[277,94209,1495,94210],{"href":35413},[15,94211,2152],{},[31,94213,94215],{"id":94214},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94217,94218],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[36,94220,94221],{"className":38,"code":92697,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,94222,94223],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94224,94225,94227,94229,94231,94233,94235],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94226,153],{"class":152},[45,94228,156],{"class":59},[45,94230,60004],{"class":152},[45,94232,156],{"class":59},[45,94234,2366],{"class":96},[45,94236,179],{"class":59},[20,94238,94239],{},"to show:",[36,94241,94242],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,94243,94244],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94245,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260,94262,94264,94266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94247,223],{"class":59},[45,94249,1117],{"class":96},[45,94251,84],{"class":59},[45,94253,1049],{"class":96},[45,94255,84],{"class":59},[45,94257,1035],{"class":96},[45,94259,84],{"class":59},[45,94261,1063],{"class":96},[45,94263,84],{"class":59},[45,94265,2687],{"class":96},[45,94267,244],{"class":59},[20,94269,94270],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[36,94272,94273],{"className":38,"code":92718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,94274,94275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94276,94277,94279,94281,94283,94285,94287],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94278,60004],{"class":152},[45,94280,156],{"class":59},[45,94282,1117],{"class":96},[45,94284,84],{"class":59},[45,94286,4828],{"class":96},[45,94288,161],{"class":59},[20,94290,4851,94291,94293],{},[355,94292,4854],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94295,94296,94297,94299],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[355,94298,93105],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94301,94302],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[36,94304,94305],{"className":38,"code":91054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,94306,94307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94308,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94310,153],{"class":152},[45,94312,156],{"class":59},[45,94314,172],{"class":171},[45,94316,156],{"class":59},[45,94318,60004],{"class":152},[45,94320,156],{"class":59},[45,94322,2366],{"class":96},[45,94324,3143],{"class":59},[20,94326,182],{},[36,94328,94329],{"className":38,"code":60027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,94330,94331],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94332,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343,94345,94347,94349,94351,94353],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94334,223],{"class":59},[45,94336,1117],{"class":96},[45,94338,84],{"class":59},[45,94340,1049],{"class":96},[45,94342,84],{"class":59},[45,94344,1035],{"class":96},[45,94346,84],{"class":59},[45,94348,1063],{"class":96},[45,94350,84],{"class":59},[45,94352,2687],{"class":96},[45,94354,244],{"class":59},[31,94356,3061],{"id":3060},[20,94358,94359],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[258,94361,94362,94368,94371,94377],{},[261,94363,1797,94364,94367],{},[15,94365,94366],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[261,94369,94370],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[261,94372,94373,94374,94376],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94375,36193],{}," is iterable but not a list",[261,94378,1797,94379,94381,94382,94384],{},[15,94380,93087],{}," when plain ",[15,94383,36193],{}," would be simpler",[20,94386,94387],{},"These quick checks can help:",[36,94389,94391],{"className":38,"code":94390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94392,94393,94407,94425,94443,94465,94483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94394,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403,94405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94396,153],{"class":152},[45,94398,156],{"class":59},[45,94400,60004],{"class":152},[45,94402,156],{"class":59},[45,94404,2366],{"class":96},[45,94406,179],{"class":59},[45,94408,94409,94411,94413,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94410,153],{"class":152},[45,94412,156],{"class":59},[45,94414,172],{"class":171},[45,94416,156],{"class":59},[45,94418,60004],{"class":152},[45,94420,156],{"class":59},[45,94422,2366],{"class":96},[45,94424,3143],{"class":59},[45,94426,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,94428,153],{"class":152},[45,94430,156],{"class":59},[45,94432,1478],{"class":171},[45,94434,156],{"class":59},[45,94436,60004],{"class":152},[45,94438,156],{"class":59},[45,94440,2366],{"class":96},[45,94442,3143],{"class":59},[45,94444,94445,94447,94449,94451,94453,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,94446,153],{"class":152},[45,94448,156],{"class":59},[45,94450,1478],{"class":171},[45,94452,156],{"class":59},[45,94454,172],{"class":171},[45,94456,156],{"class":59},[45,94458,60004],{"class":152},[45,94460,156],{"class":59},[45,94462,2366],{"class":96},[45,94464,93374],{"class":59},[45,94466,94467,94469,94471,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,94468,153],{"class":152},[45,94470,156],{"class":59},[45,94472,2294],{"class":96},[45,94474,21352],{"class":921},[45,94476,54074],{"class":152},[45,94478,156],{"class":59},[45,94480,2366],{"class":96},[45,94482,179],{"class":59},[45,94484,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495,94497,94499],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,94486,153],{"class":152},[45,94488,156],{"class":59},[45,94490,11369],{"class":152},[45,94492,156],{"class":59},[45,94494,60004],{"class":152},[45,94496,156],{"class":59},[45,94498,2366],{"class":96},[45,94500,3143],{"class":59},[20,94502,182],{},[36,94504,94506],{"className":38,"code":94505,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94507,94508,94522,94546,94560,94574,94578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94509,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94511,60004],{"class":152},[45,94513,156],{"class":59},[45,94515,1117],{"class":96},[45,94517,84],{"class":59},[45,94519,4828],{"class":96},[45,94521,161],{"class":59},[45,94523,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94525,223],{"class":59},[45,94527,1117],{"class":96},[45,94529,84],{"class":59},[45,94531,1049],{"class":96},[45,94533,84],{"class":59},[45,94535,1035],{"class":96},[45,94537,84],{"class":59},[45,94539,1063],{"class":96},[45,94541,84],{"class":59},[45,94543,2687],{"class":96},[45,94545,244],{"class":59},[45,94547,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,94549,1594],{"class":55},[45,94551,1598],{"class":1597},[45,94553,211],{"class":63},[45,94555,60004],{"class":67},[45,94557,198],{"class":63},[45,94559,1607],{"class":55},[45,94561,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,94563,1594],{"class":55},[45,94565,1598],{"class":1597},[45,94567,211],{"class":63},[45,94569,172],{"class":67},[45,94571,198],{"class":63},[45,94573,1607],{"class":55},[45,94575,94576],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,94577,4205],{"class":4080},[45,94579,94580],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,94581,3178],{"class":96},[31,94583,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,94585,15096,94587,94589],{"id":94586},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94588,36193],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94591,46366,94592,94594],{},[15,94593,36193],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1398,94596,94598,94599,1800,94601,2079],{"id":94597},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94600,36193],{},[15,94602,93087],{},[20,94604,94605,94607,94608,94610],{},[15,94606,36193],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94609,93087],{}," creates a full list.",[1398,94612,94614],{"id":94613},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94616,94617],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94619,361],{},[36,94621,94623],{"className":38,"code":94622,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94624,94625,94639],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94626,94627,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94628,93226],{"class":51},[45,94630,56],{"class":55},[45,94632,54074],{"class":152},[45,94634,156],{"class":59},[45,94636,2366],{"class":96},[45,94638,161],{"class":59},[45,94640,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94642,153],{"class":152},[45,94644,156],{"class":59},[45,94646,60511],{"class":135},[45,94648,223],{"class":59},[45,94650,1430],{"class":96},[45,94652,218],{"class":59},[20,94654,182],{},[36,94656,94657],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,94658,94659],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94660,94661],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94662,46918],{"class":96},[1398,94664,5378,94666,94668],{"id":94665},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94667,94366],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94670,94671,94672,94675],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94673,94674],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1398,94677,94679,94680,94682],{"id":94678},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94681,36193],{}," to a list?",[20,94684,94685],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[31,94687,2114],{"id":2113},[258,94689,94690,94696,94702,94709,94715],{},[261,94691,94692],{},[277,94693,3802,94694,3735],{"href":93071},[15,94695,36193],{},[261,94697,94698],{},[277,94699,3802,94700,3735],{"href":64854},[15,94701,24947],{},[261,94703,94704],{},[277,94705,3802,94706,94708],{"href":93524},[15,94707,855],{}," loops explained",[261,94710,94711],{},[277,94712,37515,94713,36604],{"href":93890},[15,94714,35743],{},[261,94716,94717],{},[277,94718,26278,94719],{"href":35413},[15,94720,2152],{},[2154,94722,94723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":94725},[94726,94727,94728,94730,94732,94734,94736,94737,94738,94739,94750],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":93190,"depth":121,"text":93191},{"id":93422,"depth":121,"text":94729},"What range() gives you",{"id":93635,"depth":121,"text":94731},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93760,"depth":121,"text":94733},"When to use range()",{"id":93895,"depth":121,"text":94735},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15789,"depth":121,"text":15790},{"id":94214,"depth":121,"text":94215},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":94740},[94741,94743,94745,94746,94748],{"id":94586,"depth":142,"text":94742},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94597,"depth":142,"text":94744},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94613,"depth":142,"text":94614},{"id":94665,"depth":142,"text":94747},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94678,"depth":142,"text":94749},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93077,"description":94751},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94758,"title":94759,"body":94760,"description":96196,"extension":2195,"meta":96197,"navigation":145,"path":96198,"seo":96199,"stem":96200,"__hash__":96201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94761,"toc":96162},[94762,94768,94773,94776,94790,94793,94795,94834,94836,94849,94857,94862,94878,94881,94883,94885,94906,94923,94926,94985,94987,95006,95011,95017,95020,95054,95056,95069,95072,95117,95119,95142,95149,95155,95158,95199,95201,95215,95218,95276,95278,95293,95306,95312,95318,95383,95385,95404,95406,95424,95427,95431,95437,95439,95472,95474,95487,95497,95500,95561,95563,95584,95587,95589,95605,95610,95614,95619,95624,95680,95682,95700,95703,95748,95750,95758,95763,95767,95781,95783,95815,95817,95826,95828,95832,95841,95844,95876,95878,95890,95893,95897,95902,95943,95945,95953,95956,95979,95983,95985,95994,95997,96050,96052,96061,96065,96070,96081,96083,96092,96095,96101,96104,96110,96120,96128,96135,96137,96159],[10,94763,3802,94765,3806],{"id":94764},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94766,94767],{},"round()",[20,94769,9341,94770,94772],{},[15,94771,94767],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94774,94775],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[258,94777,94778,94784],{},[261,94779,94780,94783],{},[15,94781,94782],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[261,94785,94786,94789],{},[15,94787,94788],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94791,94792],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[31,94794,34],{"id":33},[36,94796,94798],{"className":38,"code":94797,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94799,94800,94816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94801,94802,94804,94806,94809,94811,94814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94803,153],{"class":152},[45,94805,156],{"class":59},[45,94807,94808],{"class":152},"round",[45,94810,156],{"class":59},[45,94812,94813],{"class":96},"3.14159",[45,94815,179],{"class":59},[45,94817,94818,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94819,153],{"class":152},[45,94821,156],{"class":59},[45,94823,94808],{"class":152},[45,94825,156],{"class":59},[45,94827,94813],{"class":96},[45,94829,84],{"class":59},[45,94831,1035],{"class":96},[45,94833,179],{"class":59},[20,94835,182],{},[36,94837,94839],{"className":38,"code":94838,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94840,94841,94845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94842,94843],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94844,46618],{"class":96},[45,94846,94847],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94848,40175],{"class":96},[20,94850,1006,94851,94853,94854,94856],{},[15,94852,94782],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94855,94788],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[31,94858,253,94860,256],{"id":94859},"what-round-does",[15,94861,94767],{},[258,94863,94864,94869,94872,94875],{},[261,94865,94866,94868],{},[15,94867,94767],{}," is a built-in Python function",[261,94870,94871],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[261,94873,94874],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[261,94876,94877],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94879,94880],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[31,94882,284],{"id":283},[20,94884,2389],{},[36,94886,94888],{"className":38,"code":94887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94889,94890],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94891,94892,94894,94896,94898,94901,94904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94893,94808],{"class":152},[45,94895,156],{"class":59},[45,94897,2469],{"class":135},[45,94899,94900],{"class":59},"[,",[45,94902,94903],{"class":135}," ndigits",[45,94905,218],{"class":59},[258,94907,94908,94913,94918],{},[261,94909,94910,94912],{},[15,94911,2469],{}," is the value to round",[261,94914,94915,20217],{},[15,94916,94917],{},"ndigits",[261,94919,94920,94922],{},[15,94921,94917],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94924,94925],{},"Basic examples:",[36,94927,94929],{"className":38,"code":94928,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94930,94931,94946,94964],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94932,94933,94935,94937,94939,94941,94944],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94934,153],{"class":152},[45,94936,156],{"class":59},[45,94938,94808],{"class":152},[45,94940,156],{"class":59},[45,94942,94943],{"class":96},"7.8",[45,94945,179],{"class":59},[45,94947,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94949,153],{"class":152},[45,94951,156],{"class":59},[45,94953,94808],{"class":152},[45,94955,156],{"class":59},[45,94957,94943],{"class":96},[45,94959,84],{"class":59},[45,94961,1049],{"class":96},[45,94963,179],{"class":59},[45,94965,94966,94968,94970,94972,94974,94977,94979,94981,94983],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,94967,153],{"class":152},[45,94969,156],{"class":59},[45,94971,94808],{"class":152},[45,94973,156],{"class":59},[45,94975,94976],{"class":96},"1234",[45,94978,84],{"class":59},[45,94980,2452],{"class":55},[45,94982,1133],{"class":96},[45,94984,179],{"class":59},[20,94986,182],{},[36,94988,94990],{"className":38,"code":94989,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94991,94992,94996,95001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,94993,94994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,94995,2611],{"class":96},[45,94997,94998],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,94999,95000],{"class":96},"7.8\n",[45,95002,95003],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95004,95005],{"class":96},"1200\n",[20,95007,95008,95009,132],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[277,95010,2650],{"href":2649},[31,95012,1797,95014,95016],{"id":95013},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95015,94767],{}," with one argument",[20,95018,95019],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[36,95021,95023],{"className":38,"code":95022,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95024,95025,95039],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95026,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95028,153],{"class":152},[45,95030,156],{"class":59},[45,95032,94808],{"class":152},[45,95034,156],{"class":59},[45,95036,2592],{"class":96},[45,95038,179],{"class":59},[45,95040,95041,95043,95045,95047,95049,95052],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95042,153],{"class":152},[45,95044,156],{"class":59},[45,95046,94808],{"class":152},[45,95048,156],{"class":59},[45,95050,95051],{"class":96},"4.8",[45,95053,179],{"class":59},[20,95055,182],{},[36,95057,95059],{"className":38,"code":95058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4\n5\n",[15,95060,95061,95065],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95062,95063],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95064,48652],{"class":96},[45,95066,95067],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95068,3178],{"class":96},[20,95070,95071],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[36,95073,95075],{"className":38,"code":95074,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95076,95077,95093,95103],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95078,95079,95081,95083,95086,95088,95091],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95080,716],{"class":51},[45,95082,56],{"class":55},[45,95084,95085],{"class":152}," round",[45,95087,156],{"class":59},[45,95089,95090],{"class":96},"10.2",[45,95092,161],{"class":59},[45,95094,95095,95097,95099,95101],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95096,153],{"class":152},[45,95098,156],{"class":59},[45,95100,740],{"class":135},[45,95102,161],{"class":59},[45,95104,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113,95115],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95106,153],{"class":152},[45,95108,156],{"class":59},[45,95110,1478],{"class":171},[45,95112,156],{"class":59},[45,95114,740],{"class":135},[45,95116,179],{"class":59},[20,95118,182],{},[36,95120,95122],{"className":38,"code":95121,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95123,95124,95128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95125,95126],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95127,2606],{"class":96},[45,95129,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95131,1594],{"class":55},[45,95133,1598],{"class":1597},[45,95135,211],{"class":63},[45,95137,2418],{"class":67},[45,95139,198],{"class":63},[45,95141,1607],{"class":55},[20,95143,95144,95145,132],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[277,95146,3802,95147,3735],{"href":3106},[15,95148,3109],{},[31,95150,1797,95152,95154],{"id":95151},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95153,94767],{}," with decimal places",[20,95156,95157],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[36,95159,95161],{"className":38,"code":95160,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95162,95163,95181],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95164,95165,95167,95169,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95166,153],{"class":152},[45,95168,156],{"class":59},[45,95170,94808],{"class":152},[45,95172,156],{"class":59},[45,95174,94813],{"class":96},[45,95176,84],{"class":59},[45,95178,1035],{"class":96},[45,95180,179],{"class":59},[45,95182,95183,95185,95187,95189,95191,95193,95195,95197],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95184,153],{"class":152},[45,95186,156],{"class":59},[45,95188,94808],{"class":152},[45,95190,156],{"class":59},[45,95192,94813],{"class":96},[45,95194,84],{"class":59},[45,95196,1063],{"class":96},[45,95198,179],{"class":59},[20,95200,182],{},[36,95202,95204],{"className":38,"code":95203,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95205,95206,95210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95207,95208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95209,40175],{"class":96},[45,95211,95212],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95213,95214],{"class":96},"3.142\n",[20,95216,95217],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[36,95219,95221],{"className":38,"code":95220,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95222,95223,95232,95251,95255,95265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95224,95225,95227,95229],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95226,40385],{"class":51},[45,95228,56],{"class":55},[45,95230,95231],{"class":96}," 19.9876\n",[45,95233,95234,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95235,95236],{"class":51},"rounded_price ",[45,95238,56],{"class":55},[45,95240,95085],{"class":152},[45,95242,156],{"class":59},[45,95244,25311],{"class":135},[45,95246,84],{"class":59},[45,95248,1035],{"class":96},[45,95250,161],{"class":59},[45,95252,95253],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95254,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,95256,95257,95259,95261,95263],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,95258,153],{"class":152},[45,95260,156],{"class":59},[45,95262,25311],{"class":135},[45,95264,161],{"class":59},[45,95266,95267,95269,95271,95274],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,95268,153],{"class":152},[45,95270,156],{"class":59},[45,95272,95273],{"class":135},"rounded_price",[45,95275,161],{"class":59},[20,95277,182],{},[36,95279,95281],{"className":38,"code":95280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95282,95283,95288],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95284,95285],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95286,95287],{"class":96},"19.9876\n",[45,95289,95290],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95291,95292],{"class":96},"19.99\n",[20,95294,95295,95296,95299,95300,995,95302,132],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95297,95298],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[277,95301,40890],{"href":40889},[277,95303,3802,95304,3735],{"href":3112},[15,95305,3115],{},[31,95307,95309,95310],{"id":95308},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95311,94917],{},[20,95313,95314,95315,95317],{},"A negative ",[15,95316,94917],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[36,95319,95321],{"className":38,"code":95320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95322,95323,95343,95363],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95324,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339,95341],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95326,153],{"class":152},[45,95328,156],{"class":59},[45,95330,94808],{"class":152},[45,95332,156],{"class":59},[45,95334,94976],{"class":96},[45,95336,84],{"class":59},[45,95338,2452],{"class":55},[45,95340,1430],{"class":96},[45,95342,179],{"class":59},[45,95344,95345,95347,95349,95351,95353,95355,95357,95359,95361],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95346,153],{"class":152},[45,95348,156],{"class":59},[45,95350,94808],{"class":152},[45,95352,156],{"class":59},[45,95354,94976],{"class":96},[45,95356,84],{"class":59},[45,95358,2452],{"class":55},[45,95360,1133],{"class":96},[45,95362,179],{"class":59},[45,95364,95365,95367,95369,95371,95373,95375,95377,95379,95381],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95366,153],{"class":152},[45,95368,156],{"class":59},[45,95370,94808],{"class":152},[45,95372,156],{"class":59},[45,95374,94976],{"class":96},[45,95376,84],{"class":59},[45,95378,2452],{"class":55},[45,95380,2294],{"class":96},[45,95382,179],{"class":59},[20,95384,182],{},[36,95386,95388],{"className":38,"code":95387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95389,95390,95395,95399],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95391,95392],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95393,95394],{"class":96},"1230\n",[45,95396,95397],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95398,95005],{"class":96},[45,95400,95401],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95402,95403],{"class":96},"1000\n",[20,95405,65591],{},[258,95407,95408,95413,95419],{},[261,95409,95410,95412],{},[15,95411,65861],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[261,95414,95415,95418],{},[15,95416,95417],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[261,95420,95421,95423],{},[15,95422,47672],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95425,95426],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[31,95428,95430],{"id":95429},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95432,95433,95434,132],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95435,95436],{},".5",[20,95438,5693],{},[36,95440,95442],{"className":38,"code":95441,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95443,95444,95458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95445,95446,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95447,153],{"class":152},[45,95449,156],{"class":59},[45,95451,94808],{"class":152},[45,95453,156],{"class":59},[45,95455,41157],{"class":96},[45,95457,179],{"class":59},[45,95459,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95461,153],{"class":152},[45,95463,156],{"class":59},[45,95465,94808],{"class":152},[45,95467,156],{"class":59},[45,95469,2272],{"class":96},[45,95471,179],{"class":59},[20,95473,182],{},[36,95475,95477],{"className":38,"code":95476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n4\n",[15,95478,95479,95483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95480,95481],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95482,1148],{"class":96},[45,95484,95485],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95486,48652],{"class":96},[20,95488,95489,95490,95493,95494,95496],{},"Python uses ",[355,95491,95492],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95495,95436],{}," situations.",[20,95498,95499],{},"More examples:",[36,95501,95503],{"className":38,"code":95502,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95504,95505,95519,95533,95547],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95506,95507,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95508,153],{"class":152},[45,95510,156],{"class":59},[45,95512,94808],{"class":152},[45,95514,156],{"class":59},[45,95516,41170],{"class":96},[45,95518,179],{"class":59},[45,95520,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95522,153],{"class":152},[45,95524,156],{"class":59},[45,95526,94808],{"class":152},[45,95528,156],{"class":59},[45,95530,41157],{"class":96},[45,95532,179],{"class":59},[45,95534,95535,95537,95539,95541,95543,95545],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95536,153],{"class":152},[45,95538,156],{"class":59},[45,95540,94808],{"class":152},[45,95542,156],{"class":59},[45,95544,2272],{"class":96},[45,95546,179],{"class":59},[45,95548,95549,95551,95553,95555,95557,95559],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,95550,153],{"class":152},[45,95552,156],{"class":59},[45,95554,94808],{"class":152},[45,95556,156],{"class":59},[45,95558,41122],{"class":96},[45,95560,179],{"class":59},[20,95562,182],{},[36,95564,95566],{"className":38,"code":95565,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95567,95568,95572,95576,95580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95569,95570],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95571,1148],{"class":96},[45,95573,95574],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95575,1148],{"class":96},[45,95577,95578],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95579,48652],{"class":96},[45,95581,95582],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,95583,48652],{"class":96},[20,95585,95586],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95588,10922],{},[258,95590,95591,95598],{},[261,95592,95593,2363,95596],{},[15,95594,95595],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95597,1133],{},[261,95599,95600,2363,95603],{},[15,95601,95602],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95604,2734],{},[20,95606,3400,95607,95609],{},[15,95608,95436],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[31,95611,95613],{"id":95612},"return-values","Return values",[20,95615,95616,95618],{},[15,95617,94767],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95620,40904,95621,95623],{},[355,95622,4854],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[36,95625,95627],{"className":38,"code":95626,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95628,95629,95638,95642,95652,95670],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95630,95631,95633,95635],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95632,2677],{"class":51},[45,95634,56],{"class":55},[45,95636,95637],{"class":96}," 3.14159\n",[45,95639,95640],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95641,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,95643,95644,95646,95648,95650],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95645,153],{"class":152},[45,95647,156],{"class":59},[45,95649,947],{"class":135},[45,95651,161],{"class":59},[45,95653,95654,95656,95658,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,95655,153],{"class":152},[45,95657,156],{"class":59},[45,95659,94808],{"class":152},[45,95661,156],{"class":59},[45,95663,947],{"class":135},[45,95665,84],{"class":59},[45,95667,1035],{"class":96},[45,95669,179],{"class":59},[45,95671,95672,95674,95676,95678],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,95673,153],{"class":152},[45,95675,156],{"class":59},[45,95677,947],{"class":135},[45,95679,161],{"class":59},[20,95681,182],{},[36,95683,95685],{"className":38,"code":95684,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95686,95687,95692,95696],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95688,95689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95690,95691],{"class":96},"3.14159\n",[45,95693,95694],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95695,40175],{"class":96},[45,95697,95698],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95699,95691],{"class":96},[20,95701,95702],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[36,95704,95706],{"className":38,"code":95705,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95707,95708,95716,95734,95738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95709,95710,95712,95714],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95711,2677],{"class":51},[45,95713,56],{"class":55},[45,95715,95637],{"class":96},[45,95717,95718,95720,95722,95724,95726,95728,95730,95732],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95719,2677],{"class":51},[45,95721,56],{"class":55},[45,95723,95085],{"class":152},[45,95725,156],{"class":59},[45,95727,947],{"class":135},[45,95729,84],{"class":59},[45,95731,1035],{"class":96},[45,95733,161],{"class":59},[45,95735,95736],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95737,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,95739,95740,95742,95744,95746],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,95741,153],{"class":152},[45,95743,156],{"class":59},[45,95745,947],{"class":135},[45,95747,161],{"class":59},[20,95749,182],{},[36,95751,95752],{"className":38,"code":40175,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,95753,95754],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95755,95756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95757,40175],{"class":96},[31,95759,5185,95761],{"id":95760},"when-to-use-round",[15,95762,94767],{},[20,95764,1006,95765,6538],{},[15,95766,94767],{},[258,95768,95769,95772,95775,95778],{},[261,95770,95771],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[261,95773,95774],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[261,95776,95777],{},"Round values before reporting results",[261,95779,95780],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95782,5693],{},[36,95784,95786],{"className":38,"code":95785,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95787,95788,95797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95789,95790,95792,95794],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95791,2826],{"class":51},[45,95793,56],{"class":55},[45,95795,95796],{"class":96}," 12.67891\n",[45,95798,95799,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809,95811,95813],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95800,153],{"class":152},[45,95802,156],{"class":59},[45,95804,94808],{"class":152},[45,95806,156],{"class":59},[45,95808,2849],{"class":135},[45,95810,84],{"class":59},[45,95812,1035],{"class":96},[45,95814,179],{"class":59},[20,95816,182],{},[36,95818,95820],{"className":38,"code":95819,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"12.68\n",[15,95821,95822],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95823,95824],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95825,95819],{"class":96},[31,95827,3061],{"id":3060},[20,95829,23267,95830,132],{},[15,95831,94767],{},[1398,95833,8670,95835,95837,95838,95840],{"id":95834},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95836,94767],{}," to always round ",[15,95839,95436],{}," upward",[20,95842,95843],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[36,95845,95846],{"className":38,"code":95441,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,95847,95848,95862],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95849,95850,95852,95854,95856,95858,95860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95851,153],{"class":152},[45,95853,156],{"class":59},[45,95855,94808],{"class":152},[45,95857,156],{"class":59},[45,95859,41157],{"class":96},[45,95861,179],{"class":59},[45,95863,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872,95874],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95865,153],{"class":152},[45,95867,156],{"class":59},[45,95869,94808],{"class":152},[45,95871,156],{"class":59},[45,95873,2272],{"class":96},[45,95875,179],{"class":59},[20,95877,182],{},[36,95879,95880],{"className":38,"code":95476,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,95881,95882,95886],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95883,95884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95885,1148],{"class":96},[45,95887,95888],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95889,48652],{"class":96},[20,95891,95892],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1398,95894,95896],{"id":95895},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95898,95899,95901],{},[15,95900,94767],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[36,95903,95905],{"className":38,"code":95904,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95906,95907,95915,95929,95933],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95908,95909,95911,95913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95910,2677],{"class":51},[45,95912,56],{"class":55},[45,95914,95637],{"class":96},[45,95916,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,95918,94808],{"class":152},[45,95920,156],{"class":59},[45,95922,947],{"class":135},[45,95924,84],{"class":59},[45,95926,1035],{"class":96},[45,95928,161],{"class":59},[45,95930,95931],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,95932,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,95934,95935,95937,95939,95941],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,95936,153],{"class":152},[45,95938,156],{"class":59},[45,95940,947],{"class":135},[45,95942,161],{"class":59},[20,95944,182],{},[36,95946,95947],{"className":38,"code":95691,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,95948,95949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95950,95951],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95952,95691],{"class":96},[20,95954,95955],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[36,95957,95959],{"className":38,"code":95958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95960,95961],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95962,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95964,2677],{"class":51},[45,95966,56],{"class":55},[45,95968,95085],{"class":152},[45,95970,156],{"class":59},[45,95972,947],{"class":135},[45,95974,84],{"class":59},[45,95976,1035],{"class":96},[45,95978,161],{"class":59},[1398,95980,95982],{"id":95981},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95984,16594],{},[36,95986,95988],{"className":38,"code":95987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95989,95990],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,95991,95992],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,95993,95987],{"class":1712},[20,95995,95996],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[36,95998,96000],{"className":38,"code":95999,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96001,96002,96014,96028,96032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96003,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96005,34680],{"class":51},[45,96007,56],{"class":55},[45,96009,76],{"class":63},[45,96011,40141],{"class":67},[45,96013,468],{"class":63},[45,96015,96016,96018,96020,96022,96024,96026],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96017,2447],{"class":51},[45,96019,56],{"class":55},[45,96021,40253],{"class":171},[45,96023,156],{"class":59},[45,96025,34701],{"class":135},[45,96027,161],{"class":59},[45,96029,96030],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96031,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96033,96034,96036,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96035,153],{"class":152},[45,96037,156],{"class":59},[45,96039,94808],{"class":152},[45,96041,156],{"class":59},[45,96043,2469],{"class":135},[45,96045,84],{"class":59},[45,96047,1049],{"class":96},[45,96049,179],{"class":59},[20,96051,182],{},[36,96053,96055],{"className":38,"code":96054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.1\n",[15,96056,96057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96058,96059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96060,96054],{"class":96},[1398,96062,96064],{"id":96063},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96066,96067,96069],{},[15,96068,94767],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96071,96072,96073,995,96077,132],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[277,96074,96075],{"href":3112},[15,96076,3115],{},[277,96078,96079],{"href":3106},[15,96080,3109],{},[31,96082,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,96084,2062,96086,96088,96089,96091],{"id":96085},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96087,94767],{}," always round ",[15,96090,40212],{}," up?",[20,96093,96094],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1398,96096,2062,96098,96100],{"id":96097},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96099,94767],{}," change the original number?",[20,96102,96103],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1398,96105,5390,96107,96109],{"id":96106},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96108,94767],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96111,96112,96113,96115,96116,995,96118,132],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96114,94917],{}," value like ",[15,96117,65861],{},[15,96119,95417],{},[1398,96121,28485,96123,96125,96126,2079],{"id":96122},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96124,94767],{}," on a string like ",[15,96127,48096],{},[20,96129,96130,96131,995,96133,132],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96132,3115],{},[15,96134,3109],{},[31,96136,2114],{"id":2113},[258,96138,96139,96145,96151,96155],{},[261,96140,96141],{},[277,96142,3802,96143,3735],{"href":3112},[15,96144,3115],{},[261,96146,96147],{},[277,96148,3802,96149,3735],{"href":3106},[15,96150,3109],{},[261,96152,96153],{},[277,96154,2650],{"href":2649},[261,96156,96157],{},[277,96158,42180],{"href":40889},[2154,96160,96161],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":96163},[96164,96165,96167,96168,96170,96172,96174,96175,96176,96178,96185,96195],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":94859,"depth":121,"text":96166},"What round() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":95013,"depth":121,"text":96169},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95151,"depth":121,"text":96171},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95308,"depth":121,"text":96173},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95429,"depth":121,"text":95430},{"id":95612,"depth":121,"text":95613},{"id":95760,"depth":121,"text":96177},"When to use round()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":96179},[96180,96182,96183,96184],{"id":95834,"depth":142,"text":96181},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95895,"depth":142,"text":95896},{"id":95981,"depth":142,"text":95982},{"id":96063,"depth":142,"text":96064},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":96186},[96187,96189,96191,96193],{"id":96085,"depth":142,"text":96188},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96097,"depth":142,"text":96190},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96106,"depth":142,"text":96192},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96122,"depth":142,"text":96194},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94759,"description":96196},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96203,"title":96204,"body":96205,"description":97390,"extension":2195,"meta":97391,"navigation":145,"path":97392,"seo":97393,"stem":97394,"__hash__":97395},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96206,"toc":97364},[96207,96214,96220,96223,96225,96274,96278,96303,96308,96313,96318,96332,96343,96345,96364,96366,96382,96385,96396,96398,96400,96461,96465,96498,96505,96512,96515,96548,96551,96555,96558,96611,96615,96636,96642,96649,96656,96717,96725,96802,96806,96818,96827,96829,96835,96841,96845,96898,96901,96959,96963,96971,96974,96978,96981,96991,96993,97090,97093,97104,97107,97150,97154,97178,97181,97187,97189,97193,97218,97220,97287,97296,97298,97304,97309,97313,97316,97320,97327,97331,97336,97338,97355,97361],[10,96208,96210,96211,18],{"id":96209},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96212,96213],{},"add()",[20,96215,96216,96219],{},[15,96217,96218],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96221,96222],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[31,96224,34],{"id":33},[36,96226,96228],{"className":38,"code":96227,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96229,96230,96250,96264],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96231,96232,96234,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96233,3846],{"class":51},[45,96235,56],{"class":55},[45,96237,60],{"class":59},[45,96239,1430],{"class":96},[45,96241,84],{"class":59},[45,96243,1035],{"class":96},[45,96245,84],{"class":59},[45,96247,1063],{"class":96},[45,96249,118],{"class":59},[45,96251,96252,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96253,3876],{"class":51},[45,96255,132],{"class":59},[45,96257,82113],{"class":135},[45,96259,156],{"class":59},[45,96261,2734],{"class":96},[45,96263,161],{"class":59},[45,96265,96266,96268,96270,96272],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96267,153],{"class":152},[45,96269,156],{"class":59},[45,96271,3876],{"class":135},[45,96273,161],{"class":59},[20,96275,96276],{},[355,96277,182],{},[36,96279,96281],{"className":38,"code":96280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96282,96283],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96284,96285,96287,96289,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96286,9495],{"class":59},[45,96288,1430],{"class":96},[45,96290,84],{"class":59},[45,96292,1035],{"class":96},[45,96294,84],{"class":59},[45,96296,1063],{"class":96},[45,96298,84],{"class":59},[45,96300,2687],{"class":96},[45,96302,118],{"class":59},[20,96304,1006,96305,96307],{},[15,96306,96213],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[31,96309,253,96311,256],{"id":96310},"what-setadd-does",[15,96312,96218],{},[20,96314,96315,96317],{},[15,96316,96218],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[258,96319,96320,96323,96326,96329],{},[261,96321,96322],{},"Adds one item to a set",[261,96324,96325],{},"Changes the original set in place",[261,96327,96328],{},"Does not return a new set",[261,96330,96331],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96333,96334,96335,995,96339,132],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[277,96336,96338],{"href":96337},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[277,96340,96342],{"href":96341},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[31,96344,284],{"id":283},[36,96346,96348],{"className":38,"code":96347,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96349,96350],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96351,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96353,15860],{"class":51},[45,96355,132],{"class":59},[45,96357,82113],{"class":135},[45,96359,156],{"class":59},[45,96361,23483],{"class":135},[45,96363,161],{"class":59},[20,96365,11663],{},[258,96367,96368,96373,96376],{},[261,96369,55913,96370,96372],{},[15,96371,96213],{}," on an existing set",[261,96374,96375],{},"Pass exactly one item",[261,96377,96378,96379],{},"The item must be ",[355,96380,96381],{},"hashable",[20,96383,96384],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[258,96386,96387,96389,96391,96394],{},[261,96388,56466],{},[261,96390,56469],{},[261,96392,96393],{},"Tuples",[261,96395,40593],{},[31,96397,640],{"id":639},[20,96399,11680],{},[36,96401,96403],{"className":38,"code":96402,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96404,96405,96429,96447,96451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96406,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421,96423,96425,96427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96408,13274],{"class":51},[45,96410,56],{"class":55},[45,96412,60],{"class":59},[45,96414,64],{"class":63},[45,96416,13291],{"class":67},[45,96418,64],{"class":63},[45,96420,84],{"class":59},[45,96422,76],{"class":63},[45,96424,703],{"class":67},[45,96426,64],{"class":63},[45,96428,118],{"class":59},[45,96430,96431,96433,96435,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96432,17684],{"class":51},[45,96434,132],{"class":59},[45,96436,82113],{"class":135},[45,96438,156],{"class":59},[45,96440,64],{"class":63},[45,96442,17637],{"class":67},[45,96444,64],{"class":63},[45,96446,161],{"class":59},[45,96448,96449],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96450,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96452,96453,96455,96457,96459],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96454,153],{"class":152},[45,96456,156],{"class":59},[45,96458,17684],{"class":135},[45,96460,161],{"class":59},[20,96462,96463],{},[355,96464,30185],{},[36,96466,96468],{"className":38,"code":96467,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96469,96470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96471,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492,96494,96496],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96473,9495],{"class":59},[45,96475,198],{"class":63},[45,96477,13291],{"class":67},[45,96479,198],{"class":63},[45,96481,84],{"class":59},[45,96483,211],{"class":63},[45,96485,17637],{"class":67},[45,96487,198],{"class":63},[45,96489,84],{"class":59},[45,96491,211],{"class":63},[45,96493,703],{"class":67},[45,96495,198],{"class":63},[45,96497,118],{"class":59},[20,96499,96500,96501,96504],{},"The new value ",[15,96502,96503],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96506,96507,96508,96511],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[355,96509,96510],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96513,96514],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[36,96516,96518],{"className":38,"code":96517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96519,96520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96521,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96523,9495],{"class":59},[45,96525,198],{"class":63},[45,96527,703],{"class":67},[45,96529,198],{"class":63},[45,96531,84],{"class":59},[45,96533,211],{"class":63},[45,96535,13291],{"class":67},[45,96537,198],{"class":63},[45,96539,84],{"class":59},[45,96541,211],{"class":63},[45,96543,17637],{"class":67},[45,96545,198],{"class":63},[45,96547,118],{"class":59},[20,96549,96550],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[31,96552,96554],{"id":96553},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96556,96557],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[36,96559,96561],{"className":38,"code":96560,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96562,96563,96583,96597,96601],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96564,96565,96567,96569,96571,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96566,3846],{"class":51},[45,96568,56],{"class":55},[45,96570,60],{"class":59},[45,96572,1430],{"class":96},[45,96574,84],{"class":59},[45,96576,1035],{"class":96},[45,96578,84],{"class":59},[45,96580,1063],{"class":96},[45,96582,118],{"class":59},[45,96584,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96586,3876],{"class":51},[45,96588,132],{"class":59},[45,96590,82113],{"class":135},[45,96592,156],{"class":59},[45,96594,1133],{"class":96},[45,96596,161],{"class":59},[45,96598,96599],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96600,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96602,96603,96605,96607,96609],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96604,153],{"class":152},[45,96606,156],{"class":59},[45,96608,3876],{"class":135},[45,96610,161],{"class":59},[20,96612,96613],{},[355,96614,182],{},[36,96616,96618],{"className":38,"code":96617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96619,96620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96621,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96623,9495],{"class":59},[45,96625,1430],{"class":96},[45,96627,84],{"class":59},[45,96629,1035],{"class":96},[45,96631,84],{"class":59},[45,96633,1063],{"class":96},[45,96635,118],{"class":59},[20,96637,96638,96639,96641],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96640,1133],{}," was already present.",[31,96643,96645,1174,96647],{"id":96644},"add-vs-update",[15,96646,96213],{},[15,96648,15147],{},[20,96650,1006,96651,96653,96654,132],{},[15,96652,96213],{}," when you want to add ",[355,96655,52660],{},[36,96657,96659],{"className":38,"code":96658,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96660,96661,96685,96703,96707],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96662,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96664,36085],{"class":51},[45,96666,56],{"class":55},[45,96668,60],{"class":59},[45,96670,64],{"class":63},[45,96672,277],{"class":67},[45,96674,64],{"class":63},[45,96676,84],{"class":59},[45,96678,76],{"class":63},[45,96680,1930],{"class":67},[45,96682,64],{"class":63},[45,96684,118],{"class":59},[45,96686,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96688,36138],{"class":51},[45,96690,132],{"class":59},[45,96692,82113],{"class":135},[45,96694,156],{"class":59},[45,96696,64],{"class":63},[45,96698,9951],{"class":67},[45,96700,64],{"class":63},[45,96702,161],{"class":59},[45,96704,96705],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96706,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96708,96709,96711,96713,96715],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96710,153],{"class":152},[45,96712,156],{"class":59},[45,96714,36138],{"class":135},[45,96716,161],{"class":59},[20,96718,1006,96719,96653,96721,96724],{},[15,96720,15147],{},[355,96722,96723],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[36,96726,96728],{"className":38,"code":96727,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96729,96730,96754,96788,96792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96731,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96733,36085],{"class":51},[45,96735,56],{"class":55},[45,96737,60],{"class":59},[45,96739,64],{"class":63},[45,96741,277],{"class":67},[45,96743,64],{"class":63},[45,96745,84],{"class":59},[45,96747,76],{"class":63},[45,96749,1930],{"class":67},[45,96751,64],{"class":63},[45,96753,118],{"class":59},[45,96755,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96757,36138],{"class":51},[45,96759,132],{"class":59},[45,96761,30619],{"class":135},[45,96763,195],{"class":59},[45,96765,64],{"class":63},[45,96767,9951],{"class":67},[45,96769,64],{"class":63},[45,96771,84],{"class":59},[45,96773,76],{"class":63},[45,96775,18946],{"class":67},[45,96777,64],{"class":63},[45,96779,84],{"class":59},[45,96781,76],{"class":63},[45,96783,60453],{"class":67},[45,96785,64],{"class":63},[45,96787,218],{"class":59},[45,96789,96790],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96791,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96793,96794,96796,96798,96800],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96795,153],{"class":152},[45,96797,156],{"class":59},[45,96799,36138],{"class":135},[45,96801,161],{"class":59},[1398,96803,96805],{"id":96804},"key-difference","Key difference",[258,96807,96808,96813],{},[261,96809,96810,96812],{},[15,96811,96213],{}," adds one item",[261,96814,96815,96817],{},[15,96816,15147],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96819,96820,96821,132],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[277,96822,96824,96825,994],{"href":96823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96826,15147],{},[31,96828,17601],{"id":17600},[20,96830,96831,2627,96833,132],{},[15,96832,96218],{},[15,96834,4006],{},[20,96836,96837,96838,96840],{},"That means you should ",[355,96839,4854],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1398,96842,96844],{"id":96843},"correct","Correct",[36,96846,96848],{"className":38,"code":96847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96849,96850,96870,96884,96888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96851,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96853,15822],{"class":51},[45,96855,56],{"class":55},[45,96857,60],{"class":59},[45,96859,1430],{"class":96},[45,96861,84],{"class":59},[45,96863,1035],{"class":96},[45,96865,84],{"class":59},[45,96867,1063],{"class":96},[45,96869,118],{"class":59},[45,96871,96872,96874,96876,96878,96880,96882],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96873,15860],{"class":51},[45,96875,132],{"class":59},[45,96877,82113],{"class":135},[45,96879,156],{"class":59},[45,96881,2734],{"class":96},[45,96883,161],{"class":59},[45,96885,96886],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96887,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96889,96890,96892,96894,96896],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96891,153],{"class":152},[45,96893,156],{"class":59},[45,96895,15860],{"class":135},[45,96897,161],{"class":59},[1398,96899,96900],{"id":61775},"Wrong",[36,96902,96904],{"className":38,"code":96903,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96905,96906,96926,96945,96949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96907,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96909,15822],{"class":51},[45,96911,56],{"class":55},[45,96913,60],{"class":59},[45,96915,1430],{"class":96},[45,96917,84],{"class":59},[45,96919,1035],{"class":96},[45,96921,84],{"class":59},[45,96923,1063],{"class":96},[45,96925,118],{"class":59},[45,96927,96928,96930,96932,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,96929,15822],{"class":51},[45,96931,56],{"class":55},[45,96933,96934],{"class":51}," my_set",[45,96936,132],{"class":59},[45,96938,82113],{"class":135},[45,96940,156],{"class":59},[45,96942,2734],{"class":96},[45,96944,161],{"class":59},[45,96946,96947],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,96948,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,96950,96951,96953,96955,96957],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,96952,153],{"class":152},[45,96954,156],{"class":59},[45,96956,15860],{"class":135},[45,96958,161],{"class":59},[20,96960,96961],{},[355,96962,182],{},[36,96964,96965],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,96966,96967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96968,96969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,96970,12009],{"class":4080},[20,96972,96973],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[31,96975,96977],{"id":96976},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96979,96980],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[258,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989],{},[261,96984,56466],{},[261,96986,56469],{},[261,96988,96393],{},[261,96990,40593],{},[20,96992,361],{},[36,96994,96996],{"className":38,"code":96995,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96997,96998,97008,97012,97026,97044,97062,97076,97080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,96999,97000,97002,97004,97006],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97001,8001],{"class":51},[45,97003,56],{"class":55},[45,97005,15827],{"class":171},[45,97007,139],{"class":59},[45,97009,97010],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97011,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97013,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97015,1289],{"class":51},[45,97017,132],{"class":59},[45,97019,82113],{"class":135},[45,97021,156],{"class":59},[45,97023,2560],{"class":96},[45,97025,161],{"class":59},[45,97027,97028,97030,97032,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,97029,1289],{"class":51},[45,97031,132],{"class":59},[45,97033,82113],{"class":135},[45,97035,156],{"class":59},[45,97037,64],{"class":63},[45,97039,4073],{"class":67},[45,97041,64],{"class":63},[45,97043,161],{"class":59},[45,97045,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,97047,1289],{"class":51},[45,97049,132],{"class":59},[45,97051,82113],{"class":135},[45,97053,5731],{"class":59},[45,97055,1430],{"class":96},[45,97057,84],{"class":59},[45,97059,1035],{"class":96},[45,97061,179],{"class":59},[45,97063,97064,97066,97068,97070,97072,97074],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,97065,1289],{"class":51},[45,97067,132],{"class":59},[45,97069,82113],{"class":135},[45,97071,156],{"class":59},[45,97073,3831],{"class":4080},[45,97075,161],{"class":59},[45,97077,97078],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,97079,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97081,97082,97084,97086,97088],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,97083,153],{"class":152},[45,97085,156],{"class":59},[45,97087,1289],{"class":135},[45,97089,161],{"class":59},[20,97091,97092],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[258,97094,97095,97098,97101],{},[261,97096,97097],{},"Lists",[261,97099,97100],{},"Dictionaries",[261,97102,97103],{},"Sets",[20,97105,97106],{},"Example that causes an error:",[36,97108,97110],{"className":38,"code":97109,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97111,97112,97132],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97113,97114,97116,97118,97120,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97115,8001],{"class":51},[45,97117,56],{"class":55},[45,97119,60],{"class":59},[45,97121,1430],{"class":96},[45,97123,84],{"class":59},[45,97125,1035],{"class":96},[45,97127,84],{"class":59},[45,97129,1063],{"class":96},[45,97131,118],{"class":59},[45,97133,97134,97136,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97135,1289],{"class":51},[45,97137,132],{"class":59},[45,97139,82113],{"class":135},[45,97141,195],{"class":59},[45,97143,2734],{"class":96},[45,97145,84],{"class":59},[45,97147,4828],{"class":96},[45,97149,218],{"class":59},[20,97151,97152],{},[355,97153,29836],{},[36,97155,97157],{"className":38,"code":97156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97158,97159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97160,97161,97163,97165,97168,97170,97172,97174,97176],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97162,3235],{"class":171},[45,97164,73],{"class":59},[45,97166,97167],{"class":51}," unhashable ",[45,97169,1478],{"class":171},[45,97171,73],{"class":59},[45,97173,211],{"class":63},[45,97175,172],{"class":67},[45,97177,29855],{"class":63},[20,97179,97180],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97182,97183,97184,132],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97185,97186],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[31,97188,3061],{"id":3060},[20,97190,14926,97191,73],{},[15,97192,96218],{},[258,97194,97195,97200,97205,97208,97215],{},[261,97196,1797,97197,97199],{},[15,97198,96213],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[261,97201,8670,97202,97204],{},[15,97203,96213],{}," to return the updated set",[261,97206,97207],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[261,97209,37200,97210,97212,97213],{},[15,97211,96218],{}," with list ",[15,97214,52656],{},[261,97216,97217],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97219,71513],{},[36,97221,97223],{"className":38,"code":97222,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97224,97225,97235,97249,97259,97273],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97226,97227,97229,97231,97233],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97228,153],{"class":152},[45,97230,156],{"class":59},[45,97232,15860],{"class":135},[45,97234,161],{"class":59},[45,97236,97237,97239,97241,97243,97245,97247],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97238,153],{"class":152},[45,97240,156],{"class":59},[45,97242,1478],{"class":171},[45,97244,156],{"class":59},[45,97246,15860],{"class":135},[45,97248,179],{"class":59},[45,97250,97251,97253,97255,97257],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97252,153],{"class":152},[45,97254,156],{"class":59},[45,97256,947],{"class":135},[45,97258,161],{"class":59},[45,97260,97261,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,97262,153],{"class":152},[45,97264,156],{"class":59},[45,97266,1478],{"class":171},[45,97268,156],{"class":59},[45,97270,947],{"class":135},[45,97272,179],{"class":59},[45,97274,97275,97277,97279,97281,97283,97285],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,97276,32306],{"class":152},[45,97278,156],{"class":59},[45,97280,6508],{"class":171},[45,97282,132],{"class":59},[45,97284,82113],{"class":1863},[45,97286,161],{"class":59},[20,97288,97289,97290,97292,97293,132],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97291,96218],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[277,97294,53053],{"href":97295},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[31,97297,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,97299,2062,97301,97303],{"id":97300},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97302,96218],{}," return a new set?",[20,97305,97306,97307,132],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97308,4006],{},[1398,97310,97312],{"id":97311},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97314,97315],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1398,97317,97319],{"id":97318},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97321,1006,97322,1800,97325,132],{},[15,97323,97324],{},"set.update()",[15,97326,96213],{},[1398,97328,97330],{"id":97329},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97332,97333,97334,132],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97335,3235],{},[31,97337,2114],{"id":2113},[258,97339,97340,97344,97349],{},[261,97341,97342],{},[277,97343,96338],{"href":96337},[261,97345,97346],{},[277,97347,97348],{"href":96341},"How to create a set in Python",[261,97350,97351],{},[277,97352,96824,97353,994],{"href":96823},[15,97354,15147],{},[20,97356,97357,97358,97360],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97359,96213],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2154,97362,97363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":97365},[97366,97367,97369,97370,97371,97372,97376,97380,97381,97382,97389],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":96310,"depth":121,"text":97368},"What set.add() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":96553,"depth":121,"text":96554},{"id":96644,"depth":121,"text":97373,"children":97374},"add() vs update()",[97375],{"id":96804,"depth":142,"text":96805},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601,"children":97377},[97378,97379],{"id":96843,"depth":142,"text":96844},{"id":61775,"depth":142,"text":96900},{"id":96976,"depth":121,"text":96977},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":97383},[97384,97386,97387,97388],{"id":97300,"depth":142,"text":97385},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97311,"depth":142,"text":97312},{"id":97318,"depth":142,"text":97319},{"id":97329,"depth":142,"text":97330},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96204,"description":97390},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97397,"title":97398,"body":97399,"description":98568,"extension":2195,"meta":98569,"navigation":145,"path":98570,"seo":98571,"stem":98572,"__hash__":98573},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97400,"toc":98535},[97401,97406,97412,97419,97464,97466,97477,97482,97487,97491,97505,97510,97512,97514,97529,97531,97545,97547,97549,97614,97616,97626,97628,97646,97652,97659,97664,97738,97740,97757,97763,97768,97839,97841,97868,97885,97888,97894,97896,97903,97907,97974,97976,97991,97994,98047,98049,98057,98069,98071,98075,98080,98082,98131,98133,98141,98143,98188,98190,98200,98206,98214,98227,98233,98235,98264,98266,98284,98288,98291,98322,98324,98342,98346,98421,98423,98439,98446,98448,98453,98458,98464,98467,98471,98479,98486,98494,98496,98532],[10,97402,96210,97404,18],{"id":97403},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97405,11527],{},[20,97407,97408,97411],{},[15,97409,97410],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97413,97414,97415,97418],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[355,97416,97417],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[36,97420,97422],{"className":38,"code":97421,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97423,97424,97444,97454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97425,97426,97428,97430,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97427,3846],{"class":51},[45,97429,56],{"class":55},[45,97431,60],{"class":59},[45,97433,1430],{"class":96},[45,97435,84],{"class":59},[45,97437,1035],{"class":96},[45,97439,84],{"class":59},[45,97441,1063],{"class":96},[45,97443,118],{"class":59},[45,97445,97446,97448,97450,97452],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97447,3876],{"class":51},[45,97449,132],{"class":59},[45,97451,11588],{"class":135},[45,97453,139],{"class":59},[45,97455,97456,97458,97460,97462],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97457,153],{"class":152},[45,97459,156],{"class":59},[45,97461,3876],{"class":135},[45,97463,161],{"class":59},[20,97465,182],{},[36,97467,97469],{"className":38,"code":97468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\n",[15,97470,97471],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97472,97473,97475],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97474,6508],{"class":171},[45,97476,139],{"class":59},[20,97478,97479,97481],{},[15,97480,11527],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[31,97483,253,97485,256],{"id":97484},"what-setclear-does",[15,97486,97410],{},[20,97488,2212,97489,11618],{},[15,97490,11527],{},[258,97492,97493,97496,97498,97502],{},[261,97494,97495],{},"Removes every item from a set",[261,97497,96325],{},[261,97499,11629,97500],{},[15,97501,4006],{},[261,97503,97504],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97506,96334,97507,71612],{},[277,97508,96338],{"href":97509},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[31,97511,284],{"id":283},[20,97513,54451],{},[36,97515,97517],{"className":38,"code":97516,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97518,97519],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97520,97521,97523,97525,97527],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97522,15860],{"class":51},[45,97524,132],{"class":59},[45,97526,11588],{"class":135},[45,97528,139],{"class":59},[20,97530,303],{},[258,97532,97533,97536,97539,97542],{},[261,97534,97535],{},"It takes no arguments",[261,97537,97538],{},"It empties the set",[261,97540,97541],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[261,97543,97544],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[31,97546,640],{"id":639},[20,97548,11680],{},[36,97550,97552],{"className":38,"code":97551,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97553,97554,97586,97590,97600,97604],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97555,97556,97558,97560,97562,97564,97566,97568,97570,97572,97574,97576,97578,97580,97582,97584],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97557,13274],{"class":51},[45,97559,56],{"class":55},[45,97561,60],{"class":59},[45,97563,64],{"class":63},[45,97565,13291],{"class":67},[45,97567,64],{"class":63},[45,97569,84],{"class":59},[45,97571,76],{"class":63},[45,97573,17637],{"class":67},[45,97575,64],{"class":63},[45,97577,84],{"class":59},[45,97579,76],{"class":63},[45,97581,703],{"class":67},[45,97583,64],{"class":63},[45,97585,118],{"class":59},[45,97587,97588],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97589,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97591,97592,97594,97596,97598],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97593,17684],{"class":51},[45,97595,132],{"class":59},[45,97597,11588],{"class":135},[45,97599,139],{"class":59},[45,97601,97602],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,97603,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97605,97606,97608,97610,97612],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,97607,153],{"class":152},[45,97609,156],{"class":59},[45,97611,17684],{"class":135},[45,97613,161],{"class":59},[20,97615,182],{},[36,97617,97618],{"className":38,"code":97468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,97619,97620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97621,97622,97624],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97623,6508],{"class":171},[45,97625,139],{"class":59},[20,97627,816],{},[258,97629,97630,97635,97640],{},[261,97631,97632,97634],{},[15,97633,17684],{}," starts with three values",[261,97636,97637,11898],{},[15,97638,97639],{},"colors.clear()",[261,97641,97642,97643,97645],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97644,4025],{},", which means an empty set",[31,97647,97649,97651],{"id":97648},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97650,11527],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97653,97654,329,97656,97658],{},[15,97655,11527],{},[15,97657,4025],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1398,97660,1797,97662],{"id":97661},"using-clear",[15,97663,11527],{},[36,97665,97667],{"className":38,"code":97666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97668,97669,97689,97699,97703,97713,97717,97727],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97670,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97672,8001],{"class":51},[45,97674,56],{"class":55},[45,97676,60],{"class":59},[45,97678,1430],{"class":96},[45,97680,84],{"class":59},[45,97682,1035],{"class":96},[45,97684,84],{"class":59},[45,97686,1063],{"class":96},[45,97688,118],{"class":59},[45,97690,97691,97694,97696],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97692,97693],{"class":51},"other_name ",[45,97695,56],{"class":55},[45,97697,97698],{"class":51}," items\n",[45,97700,97701],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97702,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97704,97705,97707,97709,97711],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,97706,1289],{"class":51},[45,97708,132],{"class":59},[45,97710,11588],{"class":135},[45,97712,139],{"class":59},[45,97714,97715],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,97716,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97718,97719,97721,97723,97725],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,97720,153],{"class":152},[45,97722,156],{"class":59},[45,97724,1289],{"class":135},[45,97726,161],{"class":59},[45,97728,97729,97731,97733,97736],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,97730,153],{"class":152},[45,97732,156],{"class":59},[45,97734,97735],{"class":135},"other_name",[45,97737,161],{"class":59},[20,97739,182],{},[36,97741,97743],{"className":38,"code":97742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97744,97745,97751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97746,97747,97749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97748,6508],{"class":171},[45,97750,139],{"class":59},[45,97752,97753,97755],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97754,6508],{"class":171},[45,97756,139],{"class":59},[20,97758,97759,97760,132],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[355,97761,97762],{},"same set object",[1398,97764,1797,97766],{"id":97765},"using-set",[15,97767,4025],{},[36,97769,97771],{"className":38,"code":97770,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97772,97773,97793,97801,97805,97815,97819,97829],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97774,97775,97777,97779,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789,97791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97776,8001],{"class":51},[45,97778,56],{"class":55},[45,97780,60],{"class":59},[45,97782,1430],{"class":96},[45,97784,84],{"class":59},[45,97786,1035],{"class":96},[45,97788,84],{"class":59},[45,97790,1063],{"class":96},[45,97792,118],{"class":59},[45,97794,97795,97797,97799],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97796,97693],{"class":51},[45,97798,56],{"class":55},[45,97800,97698],{"class":51},[45,97802,97803],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97804,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97806,97807,97809,97811,97813],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,97808,8001],{"class":51},[45,97810,56],{"class":55},[45,97812,15827],{"class":171},[45,97814,139],{"class":59},[45,97816,97817],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,97818,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97820,97821,97823,97825,97827],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,97822,153],{"class":152},[45,97824,156],{"class":59},[45,97826,1289],{"class":135},[45,97828,161],{"class":59},[45,97830,97831,97833,97835,97837],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,97832,153],{"class":152},[45,97834,156],{"class":59},[45,97836,97735],{"class":135},[45,97838,161],{"class":59},[20,97840,182],{},[36,97842,97844],{"className":38,"code":97843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97845,97846,97852],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97847,97848,97850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97849,6508],{"class":171},[45,97851,139],{"class":59},[45,97853,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97855,9495],{"class":59},[45,97857,1430],{"class":96},[45,97859,84],{"class":59},[45,97861,1035],{"class":96},[45,97863,84],{"class":59},[45,97865,1063],{"class":96},[45,97867,118],{"class":59},[20,97869,20949,97870,93102,97873,97876,97877,132,97879,97881,97882,97884],{},[15,97871,97872],{},"items = set()",[355,97874,97875],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97878,1289],{},[10058,97880],{},"\nBut ",[15,97883,97735],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97886,97887],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97889,97890,97891,132],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[277,97892,96342],{"href":97893},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[31,97895,17601],{"id":17600},[20,97897,97898,14246,97900,97902],{},[15,97899,11527],{},[355,97901,4854],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97904,1610,97905,132],{},[15,97906,4006],{},[36,97908,97910],{"className":38,"code":97909,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97911,97912,97932,97936,97950,97954,97964],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97913,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922,97924,97926,97928,97930],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97915,3846],{"class":51},[45,97917,56],{"class":55},[45,97919,60],{"class":59},[45,97921,1430],{"class":96},[45,97923,84],{"class":59},[45,97925,1035],{"class":96},[45,97927,84],{"class":59},[45,97929,1063],{"class":96},[45,97931,118],{"class":59},[45,97933,97934],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97935,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97937,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946,97948],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,97939,716],{"class":51},[45,97941,56],{"class":55},[45,97943,4488],{"class":51},[45,97945,132],{"class":59},[45,97947,11588],{"class":135},[45,97949,139],{"class":59},[45,97951,97952],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,97953,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,97955,97956,97958,97960,97962],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,97957,153],{"class":152},[45,97959,156],{"class":59},[45,97961,740],{"class":135},[45,97963,161],{"class":59},[45,97965,97966,97968,97970,97972],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,97967,153],{"class":152},[45,97969,156],{"class":59},[45,97971,3876],{"class":135},[45,97973,161],{"class":59},[20,97975,182],{},[36,97977,97979],{"className":38,"code":97978,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"None\nset()\n",[15,97980,97981,97985],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,97982,97983],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,97984,12009],{"class":4080},[45,97986,97987,97989],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,97988,6508],{"class":171},[45,97990,139],{"class":59},[20,97992,97993],{},"Do not do this:",[36,97995,97997],{"className":38,"code":97996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97998,97999,98019,98033,98037],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98000,98001,98003,98005,98007,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98002,3846],{"class":51},[45,98004,56],{"class":55},[45,98006,60],{"class":59},[45,98008,1430],{"class":96},[45,98010,84],{"class":59},[45,98012,1035],{"class":96},[45,98014,84],{"class":59},[45,98016,1063],{"class":96},[45,98018,118],{"class":59},[45,98020,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98022,3846],{"class":51},[45,98024,56],{"class":55},[45,98026,4488],{"class":51},[45,98028,132],{"class":59},[45,98030,11588],{"class":135},[45,98032,139],{"class":59},[45,98034,98035],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98036,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,98038,98039,98041,98043,98045],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,98040,153],{"class":152},[45,98042,156],{"class":59},[45,98044,3876],{"class":135},[45,98046,161],{"class":59},[20,98048,182],{},[36,98050,98051],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98052,98053],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98054,98055],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98056,12009],{"class":4080},[20,98058,22364,98059,2627,98061,98063,98064,98066,98067,132],{},[15,98060,54564],{},[15,98062,4006],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98065,4006],{}," back to ",[15,98068,3876],{},[31,98070,1391],{"id":1390},[20,98072,10955,98073,132],{},[15,98074,97410],{},[1398,98076,12796,98078],{"id":98077},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98079,11527],{},[20,98081,1412],{},[36,98083,98085],{"className":38,"code":98084,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98086,98087,98107,98121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98088,98089,98091,98093,98095,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98090,15822],{"class":51},[45,98092,56],{"class":55},[45,98094,60],{"class":59},[45,98096,1430],{"class":96},[45,98098,84],{"class":59},[45,98100,1035],{"class":96},[45,98102,84],{"class":59},[45,98104,1063],{"class":96},[45,98106,118],{"class":59},[45,98108,98109,98111,98113,98115,98117,98119],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98110,15822],{"class":51},[45,98112,56],{"class":55},[45,98114,96934],{"class":51},[45,98116,132],{"class":59},[45,98118,11588],{"class":135},[45,98120,139],{"class":59},[45,98122,98123,98125,98127,98129],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98124,153],{"class":152},[45,98126,156],{"class":59},[45,98128,15860],{"class":135},[45,98130,161],{"class":59},[20,98132,182],{},[36,98134,98135],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98136,98137],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98138,98139],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98140,12009],{"class":4080},[20,98142,16848],{},[36,98144,98146],{"className":38,"code":98145,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98147,98148,98168,98178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98149,98150,98152,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162,98164,98166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98151,15822],{"class":51},[45,98153,56],{"class":55},[45,98155,60],{"class":59},[45,98157,1430],{"class":96},[45,98159,84],{"class":59},[45,98161,1035],{"class":96},[45,98163,84],{"class":59},[45,98165,1063],{"class":96},[45,98167,118],{"class":59},[45,98169,98170,98172,98174,98176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98171,15860],{"class":51},[45,98173,132],{"class":59},[45,98175,11588],{"class":135},[45,98177,139],{"class":59},[45,98179,98180,98182,98184,98186],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98181,153],{"class":152},[45,98183,156],{"class":59},[45,98185,15860],{"class":135},[45,98187,161],{"class":59},[20,98189,182],{},[36,98191,98192],{"className":38,"code":97468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98193,98194],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98195,98196,98198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98197,6508],{"class":171},[45,98199,139],{"class":59},[1398,98201,8670,98203,98205],{"id":98202},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98204,11527],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98207,98208,98210,98211,98213],{},[15,98209,11527],{}," removes ",[355,98212,3943],{}," items from the set.",[20,98215,98216,98217,995,98222,132],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[277,98218,98220],{"href":98219},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98221,55533],{},[277,98223,98225],{"href":98224},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98226,12964],{},[1398,98228,1797,98230,98232],{"id":98229},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98231,4020],{}," for an empty set",[20,98234,25848],{},[36,98236,98238],{"className":38,"code":98237,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98239,98240,98249],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98241,98242,98245,98247],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98243,98244],{"class":51},"empty_value ",[45,98246,56],{"class":55},[45,98248,10050],{"class":59},[45,98250,98251,98253,98255,98257,98259,98262],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98252,153],{"class":152},[45,98254,156],{"class":59},[45,98256,1478],{"class":171},[45,98258,156],{"class":59},[45,98260,98261],{"class":135},"empty_value",[45,98263,179],{"class":59},[20,98265,182],{},[36,98267,98268],{"className":38,"code":9026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98269,98270],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98271,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280,98282],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98273,1594],{"class":55},[45,98275,1598],{"class":1597},[45,98277,211],{"class":63},[45,98279,9039],{"class":67},[45,98281,198],{"class":63},[45,98283,1607],{"class":55},[20,98285,98286,9006],{},[15,98287,4020],{},[20,98289,98290],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[36,98292,98294],{"className":38,"code":98293,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98295,98296,98307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98297,98298,98301,98303,98305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98299,98300],{"class":51},"empty_set ",[45,98302,56],{"class":55},[45,98304,15827],{"class":171},[45,98306,139],{"class":59},[45,98308,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98320],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98310,153],{"class":152},[45,98312,156],{"class":59},[45,98314,1478],{"class":171},[45,98316,156],{"class":59},[45,98318,98319],{"class":135},"empty_set",[45,98321,179],{"class":59},[20,98323,182],{},[36,98325,98326],{"className":38,"code":9070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98327,98328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98329,98330,98332,98334,98336,98338,98340],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98331,1594],{"class":55},[45,98333,1598],{"class":1597},[45,98335,211],{"class":63},[45,98337,6508],{"class":67},[45,98339,198],{"class":63},[45,98341,1607],{"class":55},[1398,98343,98345],{"id":98344},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[36,98347,98349],{"className":38,"code":98348,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98350,98351,98375,98383,98387,98397,98401,98411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98352,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361,98363,98365,98367,98369,98371,98373],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98354,2784],{"class":51},[45,98356,56],{"class":55},[45,98358,60],{"class":59},[45,98360,64],{"class":63},[45,98362,2403],{"class":67},[45,98364,64],{"class":63},[45,98366,84],{"class":59},[45,98368,76],{"class":63},[45,98370,11946],{"class":67},[45,98372,64],{"class":63},[45,98374,118],{"class":59},[45,98376,98377,98379,98381],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98378,2812],{"class":51},[45,98380,56],{"class":55},[45,98382,36170],{"class":51},[45,98384,98385],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98386,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,98388,98389,98391,98393,98395],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,98390,277],{"class":51},[45,98392,132],{"class":59},[45,98394,11588],{"class":135},[45,98396,139],{"class":59},[45,98398,98399],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,98400,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,98402,98403,98405,98407,98409],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,98404,153],{"class":152},[45,98406,156],{"class":59},[45,98408,277],{"class":135},[45,98410,161],{"class":59},[45,98412,98413,98415,98417,98419],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,98414,153],{"class":152},[45,98416,156],{"class":59},[45,98418,1930],{"class":135},[45,98420,161],{"class":59},[20,98422,182],{},[36,98424,98425],{"className":38,"code":97742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98426,98427,98433],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98428,98429,98431],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98430,6508],{"class":171},[45,98432,139],{"class":59},[45,98434,98435,98437],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98436,6508],{"class":171},[45,98438,139],{"class":59},[20,98440,29217,98441,329,98443,98445],{},[15,98442,277],{},[15,98444,1930],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[31,98447,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,98449,2049,98451,2052],{"id":98450},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98452,97410],{},[20,98454,1610,98455,98457],{},[15,98456,4006],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1398,98459,2062,98461,98463],{"id":98460},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98462,11527],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98465,98466],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1398,98468,98470],{"id":98469},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98472,98473,98474,98476,98477,132],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98475,11527],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98478,4025],{},[1398,98480,5400,98482,329,98484,2079],{"id":98481},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98483,11527],{},[15,98485,4025],{},[20,98487,98488,98490,98491,98493],{},[15,98489,11527],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98492,4025],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[31,98495,2114],{"id":2113},[258,98497,98498,98502,98506,98513,98519,98525],{},[261,98499,98500],{},[277,98501,96338],{"href":97509},[261,98503,98504],{},[277,98505,97348],{"href":97893},[261,98507,98508],{},[277,98509,96824,98511,994],{"href":98510},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98512,96213],{},[261,98514,98515],{},[277,98516,96824,98517,994],{"href":98219},[15,98518,55533],{},[261,98520,98521],{},[277,98522,96824,98523,994],{"href":98224},[15,98524,12964],{},[261,98526,98527],{},[277,98528,96824,98530,994],{"href":98529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98531,15147],{},[2154,98533,98534],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":98536},[98537,98539,98540,98541,98548,98549,98558,98567],{"id":97484,"depth":121,"text":98538},"What set.clear() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":97648,"depth":121,"text":98542,"children":98543},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98544,98546],{"id":97661,"depth":142,"text":98545},"Using clear()",{"id":97765,"depth":142,"text":98547},"Using set()",{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":98550},[98551,98553,98555,98557],{"id":98077,"depth":142,"text":98552},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98202,"depth":142,"text":98554},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98229,"depth":142,"text":98556},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98344,"depth":142,"text":98345},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":98559},[98560,98562,98564,98565],{"id":98450,"depth":142,"text":98561},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98460,"depth":142,"text":98563},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98469,"depth":142,"text":98470},{"id":98481,"depth":142,"text":98566},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97398,"description":98568},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98575,"title":98576,"body":98577,"description":100409,"extension":2195,"meta":100410,"navigation":145,"path":96341,"seo":100411,"stem":100412,"__hash__":100413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98578,"toc":100366},[98579,98582,98585,98588,98590,98693,98697,98744,98750,98752,98771,98775,98778,98780,98794,98803,98807,98810,98845,98849,98869,98872,98876,98879,98940,98944,98969,98976,98982,98987,98989,99001,99005,99054,99058,99082,99089,99093,99134,99138,99159,99163,99196,99200,99241,99244,99248,99253,99292,99296,99321,99326,99332,99369,99373,99396,99400,99402,99405,99408,99485,99489,99526,99529,99533,99539,99542,99552,99601,99607,99613,99640,99643,99665,99667,99698,99701,99705,99709,99748,99752,99815,99818,99851,99855,99880,99882,99885,99891,99894,99921,99924,99942,99946,99950,99953,99996,99999,100003,100006,100009,100039,100042,100046,100049,100064,100069,100073,100076,100165,100167,100170,100260,100263,100281,100283,100287,100297,100301,100309,100313,100316,100320,100323,100327,100330,100332,100360,100363],[10,98580,98576],{"id":98581},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98583,98584],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98586,98587],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[31,98589,3836],{"id":3835},[36,98591,98593],{"className":38,"code":98592,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98594,98595,98615,98649,98659,98663,98673,98683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98596,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98598,3846],{"class":51},[45,98600,56],{"class":55},[45,98602,60],{"class":59},[45,98604,1430],{"class":96},[45,98606,84],{"class":59},[45,98608,1035],{"class":96},[45,98610,84],{"class":59},[45,98612,1063],{"class":96},[45,98614,118],{"class":59},[45,98616,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98618,4296],{"class":51},[45,98620,56],{"class":55},[45,98622,15827],{"class":171},[45,98624,195],{"class":59},[45,98626,64],{"class":63},[45,98628,1028],{"class":67},[45,98630,64],{"class":63},[45,98632,84],{"class":59},[45,98634,76],{"class":63},[45,98636,1042],{"class":67},[45,98638,64],{"class":63},[45,98640,84],{"class":59},[45,98642,76],{"class":63},[45,98644,1028],{"class":67},[45,98646,64],{"class":63},[45,98648,218],{"class":59},[45,98650,98651,98653,98655,98657],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98652,98300],{"class":51},[45,98654,56],{"class":55},[45,98656,15827],{"class":171},[45,98658,139],{"class":59},[45,98660,98661],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,98662,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,98664,98665,98667,98669,98671],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,98666,153],{"class":152},[45,98668,156],{"class":59},[45,98670,3876],{"class":135},[45,98672,161],{"class":59},[45,98674,98675,98677,98679,98681],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,98676,153],{"class":152},[45,98678,156],{"class":59},[45,98680,4338],{"class":135},[45,98682,161],{"class":59},[45,98684,98685,98687,98689,98691],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,98686,153],{"class":152},[45,98688,156],{"class":59},[45,98690,98319],{"class":135},[45,98692,161],{"class":59},[20,98694,98695],{},[355,98696,182],{},[36,98698,98700],{"className":38,"code":98699,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98701,98702,98718,98738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98703,98704,98706,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98705,9495],{"class":59},[45,98707,1430],{"class":96},[45,98709,84],{"class":59},[45,98711,1035],{"class":96},[45,98713,84],{"class":59},[45,98715,1063],{"class":96},[45,98717,118],{"class":59},[45,98719,98720,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98721,9495],{"class":59},[45,98723,198],{"class":63},[45,98725,1042],{"class":67},[45,98727,198],{"class":63},[45,98729,84],{"class":59},[45,98731,211],{"class":63},[45,98733,1028],{"class":67},[45,98735,198],{"class":63},[45,98737,118],{"class":59},[45,98739,98740,98742],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98741,6508],{"class":171},[45,98743,139],{"class":59},[20,98745,98746,98747,98749],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98748,4025],{}," for an empty set.",[31,98751,15356],{"id":15355},[258,98753,98754,98757,98762,98765,98768],{},[261,98755,98756],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[261,98758,98759,98760],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98761,4025],{},[261,98763,98764],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[261,98766,98767],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[261,98769,98770],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[31,98772,98774],{"id":98773},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98776,98777],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98779,30695],{},[258,98781,98782,98785,98788,98791],{},[261,98783,98784],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[261,98786,98787],{},"Sets are unordered",[261,98789,98790],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[261,98792,98793],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98795,98796,98797,995,98799,132],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[277,98798,96338],{"href":97509},[277,98800,98802],{"href":98801},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[31,98804,98806],{"id":98805},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98808,98809],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[36,98811,98813],{"className":38,"code":98812,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98814,98815,98835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98816,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827,98829,98831,98833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98818,3846],{"class":51},[45,98820,56],{"class":55},[45,98822,60],{"class":59},[45,98824,1430],{"class":96},[45,98826,84],{"class":59},[45,98828,1035],{"class":96},[45,98830,84],{"class":59},[45,98832,1063],{"class":96},[45,98834,118],{"class":59},[45,98836,98837,98839,98841,98843],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98838,153],{"class":152},[45,98840,156],{"class":59},[45,98842,3876],{"class":135},[45,98844,161],{"class":59},[20,98846,98847],{},[355,98848,30185],{},[36,98850,98851],{"className":38,"code":96617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,98852,98853],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98854,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98856,9495],{"class":59},[45,98858,1430],{"class":96},[45,98860,84],{"class":59},[45,98862,1035],{"class":96},[45,98864,84],{"class":59},[45,98866,1063],{"class":96},[45,98868,118],{"class":59},[20,98870,98871],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1398,98873,98875],{"id":98874},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98877,98878],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[36,98880,98882],{"className":38,"code":98881,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98883,98884,98916,98926],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98885,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98887,3846],{"class":51},[45,98889,56],{"class":55},[45,98891,60],{"class":59},[45,98893,1430],{"class":96},[45,98895,84],{"class":59},[45,98897,1035],{"class":96},[45,98899,84],{"class":59},[45,98901,1035],{"class":96},[45,98903,84],{"class":59},[45,98905,1063],{"class":96},[45,98907,84],{"class":59},[45,98909,1063],{"class":96},[45,98911,84],{"class":59},[45,98913,1063],{"class":96},[45,98915,118],{"class":59},[45,98917,98918,98920,98922,98924],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98919,153],{"class":152},[45,98921,156],{"class":59},[45,98923,3876],{"class":135},[45,98925,161],{"class":59},[45,98927,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,98929,153],{"class":152},[45,98931,156],{"class":59},[45,98933,11369],{"class":152},[45,98935,156],{"class":59},[45,98937,3876],{"class":135},[45,98939,179],{"class":59},[20,98941,98942],{},[355,98943,30185],{},[36,98945,98947],{"className":38,"code":98946,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98948,98949,98965],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,98950,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,98952,9495],{"class":59},[45,98954,1430],{"class":96},[45,98956,84],{"class":59},[45,98958,1035],{"class":96},[45,98960,84],{"class":59},[45,98962,1063],{"class":96},[45,98964,118],{"class":59},[45,98966,98967],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,98968,46618],{"class":96},[20,98970,21156,98971,329,98973,98975],{},[15,98972,1133],{},[15,98974,2294],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[31,98977,98979,98980],{"id":98978},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98981,4025],{},[20,98983,1006,98984,98986],{},[15,98985,4025],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98988,5678],{},[258,98990,98991,98993,98995,98997],{},[261,98992,97097],{},[261,98994,96393],{},[261,98996,56469],{},[261,98998,98999],{},[15,99000,36193],{},[1398,99002,99004],{"id":99003},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[36,99006,99008],{"className":38,"code":99007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99009,99010,99044],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99011,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99013,3846],{"class":51},[45,99015,56],{"class":55},[45,99017,15827],{"class":171},[45,99019,195],{"class":59},[45,99021,1430],{"class":96},[45,99023,84],{"class":59},[45,99025,1035],{"class":96},[45,99027,84],{"class":59},[45,99029,1035],{"class":96},[45,99031,84],{"class":59},[45,99033,1063],{"class":96},[45,99035,84],{"class":59},[45,99037,1063],{"class":96},[45,99039,84],{"class":59},[45,99041,2687],{"class":96},[45,99043,218],{"class":59},[45,99045,99046,99048,99050,99052],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99047,153],{"class":152},[45,99049,156],{"class":59},[45,99051,3876],{"class":135},[45,99053,161],{"class":59},[20,99055,99056],{},[355,99057,30185],{},[36,99059,99060],{"className":38,"code":96280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,99061,99062],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99063,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076,99078,99080],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99065,9495],{"class":59},[45,99067,1430],{"class":96},[45,99069,84],{"class":59},[45,99071,1035],{"class":96},[45,99073,84],{"class":59},[45,99075,1063],{"class":96},[45,99077,84],{"class":59},[45,99079,2687],{"class":96},[45,99081,118],{"class":59},[20,99083,99084,99085,132],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[277,99086,99088],{"href":99087},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1398,99090,99092],{"id":99091},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[36,99094,99096],{"className":38,"code":99095,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99097,99098,99124],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99099,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110,99112,99114,99116,99118,99120,99122],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99101,124],{"class":51},[45,99103,56],{"class":55},[45,99105,15827],{"class":171},[45,99107,5731],{"class":59},[45,99109,2560],{"class":96},[45,99111,84],{"class":59},[45,99113,97],{"class":96},[45,99115,84],{"class":59},[45,99117,97],{"class":96},[45,99119,84],{"class":59},[45,99121,8016],{"class":96},[45,99123,179],{"class":59},[45,99125,99126,99128,99130,99132],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99127,153],{"class":152},[45,99129,156],{"class":59},[45,99131,136],{"class":135},[45,99133,161],{"class":59},[20,99135,99136],{},[355,99137,30185],{},[36,99139,99141],{"className":38,"code":99140,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99142,99143],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99144,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99146,9495],{"class":59},[45,99148,2560],{"class":96},[45,99150,84],{"class":59},[45,99152,97],{"class":96},[45,99154,84],{"class":59},[45,99156,8016],{"class":96},[45,99158,118],{"class":59},[1398,99160,99162],{"id":99161},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[36,99164,99166],{"className":38,"code":99165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99167,99168,99186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99169,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99171,36085],{"class":51},[45,99173,56],{"class":55},[45,99175,15827],{"class":171},[45,99177,156],{"class":59},[45,99179,64],{"class":63},[45,99181,4073],{"class":67},[45,99183,64],{"class":63},[45,99185,161],{"class":59},[45,99187,99188,99190,99192,99194],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99189,153],{"class":152},[45,99191,156],{"class":59},[45,99193,36138],{"class":135},[45,99195,161],{"class":59},[20,99197,99198],{},[355,99199,30185],{},[36,99201,99203],{"className":38,"code":99202,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99204,99205],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99206,99207,99209,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99208,9495],{"class":59},[45,99210,198],{"class":63},[45,99212,60444],{"class":67},[45,99214,198],{"class":63},[45,99216,84],{"class":59},[45,99218,211],{"class":63},[45,99220,60453],{"class":67},[45,99222,198],{"class":63},[45,99224,84],{"class":59},[45,99226,211],{"class":63},[45,99228,60462],{"class":67},[45,99230,198],{"class":63},[45,99232,84],{"class":59},[45,99234,211],{"class":63},[45,99236,60479],{"class":67},[45,99238,198],{"class":63},[45,99240,118],{"class":59},[20,99242,99243],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[31,99245,99247],{"id":99246},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99249,99250,99251,132],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99252,4025],{},[36,99254,99256],{"className":38,"code":99255,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99257,99258,99268,99278],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99261,98300],{"class":51},[45,99263,56],{"class":55},[45,99265,15827],{"class":171},[45,99267,139],{"class":59},[45,99269,99270,99272,99274,99276],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99271,153],{"class":152},[45,99273,156],{"class":59},[45,99275,98319],{"class":135},[45,99277,161],{"class":59},[45,99279,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,99281,153],{"class":152},[45,99283,156],{"class":59},[45,99285,1478],{"class":171},[45,99287,156],{"class":59},[45,99289,98319],{"class":135},[45,99291,179],{"class":59},[20,99293,99294],{},[355,99295,182],{},[36,99297,99299],{"className":38,"code":99298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99300,99301,99307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99302,99303,99305],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99304,6508],{"class":171},[45,99306,139],{"class":59},[45,99308,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99310,1594],{"class":55},[45,99312,1598],{"class":1597},[45,99314,211],{"class":63},[45,99316,6508],{"class":67},[45,99318,198],{"class":63},[45,99320,1607],{"class":55},[1398,99322,44429,99324],{"id":99323},"do-not-use",[15,99325,4020],{},[20,99327,99328,99329,99331],{},"Empty braces do ",[355,99330,4854],{}," create a set.",[36,99333,99335],{"className":38,"code":99334,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99336,99337,99345,99355],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99338,99339,99341,99343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99340,98244],{"class":51},[45,99342,56],{"class":55},[45,99344,10050],{"class":59},[45,99346,99347,99349,99351,99353],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99348,153],{"class":152},[45,99350,156],{"class":59},[45,99352,98261],{"class":135},[45,99354,161],{"class":59},[45,99356,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365,99367],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,99358,153],{"class":152},[45,99360,156],{"class":59},[45,99362,1478],{"class":171},[45,99364,156],{"class":59},[45,99366,98261],{"class":135},[45,99368,179],{"class":59},[20,99370,99371],{},[355,99372,182],{},[36,99374,99376],{"className":38,"code":99375,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99377,99378,99382],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99379,99380],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99381,9647],{"class":59},[45,99383,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99385,1594],{"class":55},[45,99387,1598],{"class":1597},[45,99389,211],{"class":63},[45,99391,9039],{"class":67},[45,99393,198],{"class":63},[45,99395,1607],{"class":55},[20,99397,99398,9006],{},[15,99399,4020],{},[31,99401,72276],{"id":72275},[20,99403,99404],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99406,99407],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[36,99409,99411],{"className":38,"code":99410,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99412,99413,99461,99471],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99414,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99416,4296],{"class":51},[45,99418,56],{"class":55},[45,99420,60],{"class":59},[45,99422,64],{"class":63},[45,99424,1028],{"class":67},[45,99426,64],{"class":63},[45,99428,84],{"class":59},[45,99430,76],{"class":63},[45,99432,1042],{"class":67},[45,99434,64],{"class":63},[45,99436,84],{"class":59},[45,99438,76],{"class":63},[45,99440,1028],{"class":67},[45,99442,64],{"class":63},[45,99444,84],{"class":59},[45,99446,76],{"class":63},[45,99448,1028],{"class":67},[45,99450,64],{"class":63},[45,99452,84],{"class":59},[45,99454,76],{"class":63},[45,99456,1056],{"class":67},[45,99458,64],{"class":63},[45,99460,118],{"class":59},[45,99462,99463,99465,99467,99469],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99464,153],{"class":152},[45,99466,156],{"class":59},[45,99468,4338],{"class":135},[45,99470,161],{"class":59},[45,99472,99473,99475,99477,99479,99481,99483],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,99474,153],{"class":152},[45,99476,156],{"class":59},[45,99478,11369],{"class":152},[45,99480,156],{"class":59},[45,99482,4338],{"class":135},[45,99484,179],{"class":59},[20,99486,99487],{},[355,99488,30185],{},[36,99490,99492],{"className":38,"code":99491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99493,99494,99522],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99495,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99497,9495],{"class":59},[45,99499,198],{"class":63},[45,99501,1042],{"class":67},[45,99503,198],{"class":63},[45,99505,84],{"class":59},[45,99507,211],{"class":63},[45,99509,1056],{"class":67},[45,99511,198],{"class":63},[45,99513,84],{"class":59},[45,99515,211],{"class":63},[45,99517,1028],{"class":67},[45,99519,198],{"class":63},[45,99521,118],{"class":59},[45,99523,99524],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99525,46618],{"class":96},[20,99527,99528],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[31,99530,99532],{"id":99531},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99534,99535,99536,99538],{},"Set items must be ",[355,99537,96381],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99540,99541],{},"These usually work:",[258,99543,99544,99546,99548,99550],{},[261,99545,56466],{},[261,99547,56469],{},[261,99549,96393],{},[261,99551,40593],{},[36,99553,99555],{"className":38,"code":99554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99556,99557,99591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99558,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99560,124],{"class":51},[45,99562,56],{"class":55},[45,99564,60],{"class":59},[45,99566,1430],{"class":96},[45,99568,84],{"class":59},[45,99570,76],{"class":63},[45,99572,1028],{"class":67},[45,99574,64],{"class":63},[45,99576,84],{"class":59},[45,99578,9453],{"class":59},[45,99580,2560],{"class":96},[45,99582,84],{"class":59},[45,99584,97],{"class":96},[45,99586,9450],{"class":59},[45,99588,4142],{"class":4080},[45,99590,118],{"class":59},[45,99592,99593,99595,99597,99599],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99594,153],{"class":152},[45,99596,156],{"class":59},[45,99598,136],{"class":135},[45,99600,161],{"class":59},[20,99602,99603,99604,99606],{},"These do ",[355,99605,4854],{}," work directly:",[258,99608,99609,99611],{},[261,99610,97097],{},[261,99612,97100],{},[36,99614,99616],{"className":38,"code":99615,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99617,99618],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99619,99620,99623,99625,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99621,99622],{"class":51},"bad_set ",[45,99624,56],{"class":55},[45,99626,99627],{"class":59}," {[",[45,99629,1430],{"class":96},[45,99631,84],{"class":59},[45,99633,1035],{"class":96},[45,99635,84],{"class":59},[45,99637,1063],{"class":96},[45,99639,13898],{"class":59},[20,99641,99642],{},"This raises an error:",[36,99644,99645],{"className":38,"code":97156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,99646,99647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99648,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657,99659,99661,99663],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99650,3235],{"class":171},[45,99652,73],{"class":59},[45,99654,97167],{"class":51},[45,99656,1478],{"class":171},[45,99658,73],{"class":59},[45,99660,211],{"class":63},[45,99662,172],{"class":67},[45,99664,29855],{"class":63},[20,99666,52083],{},[36,99668,99670],{"className":38,"code":99669,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99671,99672],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99673,99674,99676,99678,99681,99683,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99675,99622],{"class":51},[45,99677,56],{"class":55},[45,99679,99680],{"class":59}," {{",[45,99682,64],{"class":63},[45,99684,68],{"class":67},[45,99686,64],{"class":63},[45,99688,73],{"class":59},[45,99690,76],{"class":63},[45,99692,7898],{"class":67},[45,99694,64],{"class":63},[45,99696,99697],{"class":59},"}}\n",[20,99699,99700],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[31,99702,99704],{"id":99703},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1398,99706,99708],{"id":99707},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[36,99710,99712],{"className":38,"code":99711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99713,99714,99738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99715,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99717,3846],{"class":51},[45,99719,56],{"class":55},[45,99721,60],{"class":59},[45,99723,1430],{"class":96},[45,99725,84],{"class":59},[45,99727,1035],{"class":96},[45,99729,84],{"class":59},[45,99731,1063],{"class":96},[45,99733,84],{"class":59},[45,99735,2687],{"class":96},[45,99737,118],{"class":59},[45,99739,99740,99742,99744,99746],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99741,153],{"class":152},[45,99743,156],{"class":59},[45,99745,3876],{"class":135},[45,99747,161],{"class":59},[1398,99749,99751],{"id":99750},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[36,99753,99755],{"className":38,"code":99754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99756,99757,99785,99800,99804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99758,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781,99783],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99760,8001],{"class":51},[45,99762,56],{"class":55},[45,99764,1427],{"class":59},[45,99766,1430],{"class":96},[45,99768,84],{"class":59},[45,99770,1049],{"class":96},[45,99772,84],{"class":59},[45,99774,1035],{"class":96},[45,99776,84],{"class":59},[45,99778,1063],{"class":96},[45,99780,84],{"class":59},[45,99782,1063],{"class":96},[45,99784,244],{"class":59},[45,99786,99787,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99788,99789],{"class":51},"unique_items ",[45,99791,56],{"class":55},[45,99793,15827],{"class":171},[45,99795,156],{"class":59},[45,99797,1289],{"class":135},[45,99799,161],{"class":59},[45,99801,99802],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,99803,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,99805,99806,99808,99810,99813],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,99807,153],{"class":152},[45,99809,156],{"class":59},[45,99811,99812],{"class":135},"unique_items",[45,99814,161],{"class":59},[1398,99816,99162],{"id":99817},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[36,99819,99821],{"className":38,"code":99820,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99822,99823,99841],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99824,99825,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99826,36085],{"class":51},[45,99828,56],{"class":55},[45,99830,15827],{"class":171},[45,99832,156],{"class":59},[45,99834,64],{"class":63},[45,99836,1042],{"class":67},[45,99838,64],{"class":63},[45,99840,161],{"class":59},[45,99842,99843,99845,99847,99849],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99844,153],{"class":152},[45,99846,156],{"class":59},[45,99848,36138],{"class":135},[45,99850,161],{"class":59},[1398,99852,99854],{"id":99853},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[36,99856,99858],{"className":38,"code":99857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99859,99860,99870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99861,99862,99864,99866,99868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99863,98300],{"class":51},[45,99865,56],{"class":55},[45,99867,15827],{"class":171},[45,99869,139],{"class":59},[45,99871,99872,99874,99876,99878],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99873,153],{"class":152},[45,99875,156],{"class":59},[45,99877,98319],{"class":135},[45,99879,161],{"class":59},[31,99881,3061],{"id":3060},[20,99883,99884],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1398,99886,1797,99888,99890],{"id":99887},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99889,4020],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99892,99893],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[36,99895,99897],{"className":38,"code":99896,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99898,99899,99907],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99900,99901,99903,99905],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99902,2677],{"class":51},[45,99904,56],{"class":55},[45,99906,10050],{"class":59},[45,99908,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99910,153],{"class":152},[45,99912,156],{"class":59},[45,99914,1478],{"class":171},[45,99916,156],{"class":59},[45,99918,947],{"class":135},[45,99920,179],{"class":59},[20,99922,99923],{},"This prints:",[36,99925,99926],{"className":38,"code":9026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,99927,99928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99929,99930,99932,99934,99936,99938,99940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99931,1594],{"class":55},[45,99933,1598],{"class":1597},[45,99935,211],{"class":63},[45,99937,9039],{"class":67},[45,99939,198],{"class":63},[45,99941,1607],{"class":55},[20,99943,1006,99944,6852],{},[15,99945,4025],{},[1398,99947,99949],{"id":99948},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99951,99952],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[36,99954,99956],{"className":38,"code":99955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99957,99958,99986],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,99959,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978,99980,99982,99984],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,99961,3846],{"class":51},[45,99963,56],{"class":55},[45,99965,60],{"class":59},[45,99967,1430],{"class":96},[45,99969,84],{"class":59},[45,99971,1049],{"class":96},[45,99973,84],{"class":59},[45,99975,1035],{"class":96},[45,99977,84],{"class":59},[45,99979,1035],{"class":96},[45,99981,84],{"class":59},[45,99983,1063],{"class":96},[45,99985,118],{"class":59},[45,99987,99988,99990,99992,99994],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,99989,153],{"class":152},[45,99991,156],{"class":59},[45,99993,3876],{"class":135},[45,99995,161],{"class":59},[20,99997,99998],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1398,100000,100002],{"id":100001},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100004,100005],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100007,100008],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[36,100010,100012],{"className":38,"code":100011,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100013,100014,100034],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100015,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030,100032],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100017,3846],{"class":51},[45,100019,56],{"class":55},[45,100021,60],{"class":59},[45,100023,2560],{"class":96},[45,100025,84],{"class":59},[45,100027,97],{"class":96},[45,100029,84],{"class":59},[45,100031,8016],{"class":96},[45,100033,118],{"class":59},[45,100035,100036],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100037,100038],{"class":1712},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100040,100041],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1398,100043,100045],{"id":100044},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100047,100048],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[36,100050,100052],{"className":38,"code":100051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100053,100054,100059],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100055,100056],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100057,100058],{"class":1712},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[45,100060,100061],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100062,100063],{"class":1712},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100065,100066,100067,132],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100068,3235],{},[1398,100070,100072],{"id":100071},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100074,100075],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[36,100077,100079],{"className":38,"code":100078,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100080,100081,100101,100133,100137,100151],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100082,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100084,15822],{"class":51},[45,100086,56],{"class":55},[45,100088,60],{"class":59},[45,100090,1430],{"class":96},[45,100092,84],{"class":59},[45,100094,1035],{"class":96},[45,100096,84],{"class":59},[45,100098,1063],{"class":96},[45,100100,118],{"class":59},[45,100102,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119,100121,100123,100125,100127,100129,100131],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100104,11925],{"class":51},[45,100106,56],{"class":55},[45,100108,60],{"class":59},[45,100110,64],{"class":63},[45,100112,277],{"class":67},[45,100114,64],{"class":63},[45,100116,73],{"class":59},[45,100118,1049],{"class":96},[45,100120,84],{"class":59},[45,100122,76],{"class":63},[45,100124,1930],{"class":67},[45,100126,64],{"class":63},[45,100128,73],{"class":59},[45,100130,1035],{"class":96},[45,100132,118],{"class":59},[45,100134,100135],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,100136,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,100138,100139,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,100140,153],{"class":152},[45,100142,156],{"class":59},[45,100144,1478],{"class":171},[45,100146,156],{"class":59},[45,100148,15860],{"class":135},[45,100150,179],{"class":59},[45,100152,100153,100155,100157,100159,100161,100163],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,100154,153],{"class":152},[45,100156,156],{"class":59},[45,100158,1478],{"class":171},[45,100160,156],{"class":59},[45,100162,294],{"class":135},[45,100164,179],{"class":59},[31,100166,92793],{"id":92792},[20,100168,100169],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[36,100171,100173],{"className":38,"code":100172,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100174,100175,100201,100205,100219,100229,100243,100250],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100176,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195,100197,100199],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100178,15822],{"class":51},[45,100180,56],{"class":55},[45,100182,15827],{"class":171},[45,100184,195],{"class":59},[45,100186,1430],{"class":96},[45,100188,84],{"class":59},[45,100190,1035],{"class":96},[45,100192,84],{"class":59},[45,100194,1035],{"class":96},[45,100196,84],{"class":59},[45,100198,1063],{"class":96},[45,100200,218],{"class":59},[45,100202,100203],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100204,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,100206,100207,100209,100211,100213,100215,100217],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,100208,153],{"class":152},[45,100210,156],{"class":59},[45,100212,1478],{"class":171},[45,100214,156],{"class":59},[45,100216,15860],{"class":135},[45,100218,179],{"class":59},[45,100220,100221,100223,100225,100227],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,100222,153],{"class":152},[45,100224,156],{"class":59},[45,100226,15860],{"class":135},[45,100228,161],{"class":59},[45,100230,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,100232,153],{"class":152},[45,100234,156],{"class":59},[45,100236,11369],{"class":152},[45,100238,156],{"class":59},[45,100240,15860],{"class":135},[45,100242,179],{"class":59},[45,100244,100245,100247],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,100246,153],{"class":152},[45,100248,100249],{"class":59},"({})\n",[45,100251,100252,100254,100256,100258],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,100253,153],{"class":152},[45,100255,156],{"class":59},[45,100257,6508],{"class":171},[45,100259,598],{"class":59},[20,100261,100262],{},"Use these to confirm:",[258,100264,100265,100268,100271,100274],{},[261,100266,100267],{},"The object type",[261,100269,100270],{},"The actual values stored",[261,100272,100273],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[261,100275,100276,100277,329,100279],{},"The difference between ",[15,100278,4020],{},[15,100280,4025],{},[31,100282,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,100284,100286],{"id":100285},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100288,100289,100290,100293,100294,100296],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100291,100292],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100295,4025],{}," with another iterable.",[1398,100298,100300],{"id":100299},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100302,1006,100303,100305,100306,100308],{},[15,100304,4025],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100307,4020],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1398,100310,100312],{"id":100311},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100314,100315],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1398,100317,100319],{"id":100318},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100321,100322],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1398,100324,100326],{"id":100325},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100328,100329],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[31,100331,2114],{"id":2113},[258,100333,100334,100338,100344,100350,100355],{},[261,100335,100336],{},[277,100337,96338],{"href":97509},[261,100339,100340],{},[277,100341,3802,100342,994],{"href":98510},[15,100343,96218],{},[261,100345,100346],{},[277,100347,3802,100348,994],{"href":98529},[15,100349,97324],{},[261,100351,100352],{},[277,100353,100354],{"href":99087},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[261,100356,100357],{},[277,100358,100359],{"href":98801},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100361,100362],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2154,100364,100365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":100367},[100368,100369,100370,100371,100374,100380,100384,100385,100386,100392,100400,100401,100408],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":98773,"depth":121,"text":98774},{"id":98805,"depth":121,"text":98806,"children":100372},[100373],{"id":98874,"depth":142,"text":98875},{"id":98978,"depth":121,"text":100375,"children":100376},"Create a set with set()",[100377,100378,100379],{"id":99003,"depth":142,"text":99004},{"id":99091,"depth":142,"text":99092},{"id":99161,"depth":142,"text":99162},{"id":99246,"depth":121,"text":99247,"children":100381},[100382],{"id":99323,"depth":142,"text":100383},"Do not use {}",{"id":72275,"depth":121,"text":72276},{"id":99531,"depth":121,"text":99532},{"id":99703,"depth":121,"text":99704,"children":100387},[100388,100389,100390,100391],{"id":99707,"depth":142,"text":99708},{"id":99750,"depth":142,"text":99751},{"id":99817,"depth":142,"text":99162},{"id":99853,"depth":142,"text":99854},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":100393},[100394,100396,100397,100398,100399],{"id":99887,"depth":142,"text":100395},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99948,"depth":142,"text":99949},{"id":100001,"depth":142,"text":100002},{"id":100044,"depth":142,"text":100045},{"id":100071,"depth":142,"text":100072},{"id":92792,"depth":121,"text":92793},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":100402},[100403,100404,100405,100406,100407],{"id":100285,"depth":142,"text":100286},{"id":100299,"depth":142,"text":100300},{"id":100311,"depth":142,"text":100312},{"id":100318,"depth":142,"text":100319},{"id":100325,"depth":142,"text":100326},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98576,"description":100409},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100415,"title":100416,"body":100417,"description":102848,"extension":2195,"meta":102849,"navigation":145,"path":102850,"seo":102851,"stem":102852,"__hash__":102853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100418,"toc":102813},[100419,100425,100431,100434,100436,100513,100515,100532,100542,100544,100549,100557,100559,100575,100579,100581,100583,100586,100607,100610,100634,100640,100642,100739,100741,100758,100768,100770,100772,100780,100782,100793,100795,100886,100888,100912,100923,100925,100927,100930,101060,101062,101135,101137,101158,101161,101163,101169,101174,101177,101304,101306,101323,101326,101328,101336,101339,101343,101351,101442,101444,101481,101486,101493,101570,101572,101588,101593,101598,101600,101609,101617,101698,101700,101729,101732,101736,101747,101750,101833,101835,101856,101862,101864,101866,101870,101874,101881,101946,101948,101968,101971,102040,102042,102058,102062,102068,102080,102088,102090,102175,102177,102206,102209,102213,102218,102220,102270,102273,102354,102356,102372,102376,102379,102454,102457,102461,102464,102541,102543,102576,102582,102586,102589,102724,102726,102740,102742,102744,102750,102753,102760,102768,102774,102777,102781,102784,102786,102788,102810],[10,100420,96210,100422,18],{"id":100421},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100423,100424],{},"difference()",[20,100426,100427,100430],{},[15,100428,100429],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100432,100433],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[31,100435,3836],{"id":3835},[36,100437,100439],{"className":38,"code":100438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100440,100441,100465,100485,100503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100442,100443,100445,100447,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100444,2784],{"class":51},[45,100446,56],{"class":55},[45,100448,60],{"class":59},[45,100450,1430],{"class":96},[45,100452,84],{"class":59},[45,100454,1035],{"class":96},[45,100456,84],{"class":59},[45,100458,1063],{"class":96},[45,100460,84],{"class":59},[45,100462,2687],{"class":96},[45,100464,118],{"class":59},[45,100466,100467,100469,100471,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100468,2812],{"class":51},[45,100470,56],{"class":55},[45,100472,60],{"class":59},[45,100474,2294],{"class":96},[45,100476,84],{"class":59},[45,100478,2687],{"class":96},[45,100480,84],{"class":59},[45,100482,4828],{"class":96},[45,100484,118],{"class":59},[45,100486,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100497,100499,100501],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,100488,716],{"class":51},[45,100490,56],{"class":55},[45,100492,56892],{"class":51},[45,100494,132],{"class":59},[45,100496,3042],{"class":135},[45,100498,156],{"class":59},[45,100500,1930],{"class":135},[45,100502,161],{"class":59},[45,100504,100505,100507,100509,100511],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,100506,153],{"class":152},[45,100508,156],{"class":59},[45,100510,740],{"class":135},[45,100512,161],{"class":59},[20,100514,182],{},[36,100516,100518],{"className":38,"code":100517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100519,100520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100521,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100523,9495],{"class":59},[45,100525,1430],{"class":96},[45,100527,84],{"class":59},[45,100529,1035],{"class":96},[45,100531,118],{"class":59},[20,100533,100534,100536,100537,100539,100540,132],{},[15,100535,100424],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100538,277],{}," that are not in ",[15,100541,1930],{},[44917,100543],{},[31,100545,253,100547,256],{"id":100546},"what-difference-does",[15,100548,100424],{},[20,100550,2212,100551,100553,100554,100556],{},[15,100552,100424],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[355,100555,4854],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100558,303],{},[258,100560,100561,100566,100569,100572],{},[261,100562,100563,100565],{},[15,100564,100424],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[261,100567,100568],{},"It creates a new set",[261,100570,100571],{},"It does not change the original set",[261,100573,100574],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100576,96334,100577,132],{},[277,100578,96338],{"href":97509},[44917,100580],{},[31,100582,284],{"id":283},[20,100584,100585],{},"Use this form:",[36,100587,100589],{"className":38,"code":100588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100590,100591],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100592,100593,100596,100598,100600,100602,100605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100594,100595],{"class":51},"set1",[45,100597,132],{"class":59},[45,100599,3042],{"class":135},[45,100601,156],{"class":59},[45,100603,100604],{"class":135},"set2",[45,100606,161],{"class":59},[20,100608,100609],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[36,100611,100613],{"className":38,"code":100612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100614,100615],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100616,100617,100619,100621,100623,100625,100627,100629,100632],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100618,100595],{"class":51},[45,100620,132],{"class":59},[45,100622,3042],{"class":135},[45,100624,156],{"class":59},[45,100626,100604],{"class":135},[45,100628,84],{"class":59},[45,100630,100631],{"class":135}," set3",[45,100633,161],{"class":59},[20,100635,100636,100637,100639],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[355,100638,5575],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100641,361],{},[36,100643,100645],{"className":38,"code":100644,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100646,100647,100675,100691,100703,100707,100729],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100648,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100650,2784],{"class":51},[45,100652,56],{"class":55},[45,100654,60],{"class":59},[45,100656,1430],{"class":96},[45,100658,84],{"class":59},[45,100660,1035],{"class":96},[45,100662,84],{"class":59},[45,100664,1063],{"class":96},[45,100666,84],{"class":59},[45,100668,2687],{"class":96},[45,100670,84],{"class":59},[45,100672,4828],{"class":96},[45,100674,118],{"class":59},[45,100676,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100678,2812],{"class":51},[45,100680,56],{"class":55},[45,100682,60],{"class":59},[45,100684,1133],{"class":96},[45,100686,84],{"class":59},[45,100688,1063],{"class":96},[45,100690,118],{"class":59},[45,100692,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,100694,83193],{"class":51},[45,100696,56],{"class":55},[45,100698,60],{"class":59},[45,100700,2366],{"class":96},[45,100702,118],{"class":59},[45,100704,100705],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,100706,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,100708,100709,100711,100713,100715,100717,100719,100721,100723,100725,100727],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,100710,716],{"class":51},[45,100712,56],{"class":55},[45,100714,56892],{"class":51},[45,100716,132],{"class":59},[45,100718,3042],{"class":135},[45,100720,156],{"class":59},[45,100722,1930],{"class":135},[45,100724,84],{"class":59},[45,100726,9893],{"class":135},[45,100728,161],{"class":59},[45,100730,100731,100733,100735,100737],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,100732,153],{"class":152},[45,100734,156],{"class":59},[45,100736,740],{"class":135},[45,100738,161],{"class":59},[20,100740,182],{},[36,100742,100744],{"className":38,"code":100743,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100745,100746],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100747,100748,100750,100752,100754,100756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100749,9495],{"class":59},[45,100751,1430],{"class":96},[45,100753,84],{"class":59},[45,100755,2687],{"class":96},[45,100757,118],{"class":59},[20,100759,100760,100761,100763,100764,995,100766,132],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100762,277],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100765,1930],{},[15,100767,9951],{},[44917,100769],{},[31,100771,17601],{"id":17600},[20,100773,100774,100776,100777,132],{},[15,100775,100424],{}," always returns a ",[355,100778,100779],{},"new set",[20,100781,43650],{},[258,100783,100784,100787,100790],{},[261,100785,100786],{},"The return value is a new set",[261,100788,100789],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[261,100791,100792],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100794,361],{},[36,100796,100798],{"className":38,"code":100797,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100799,100800,100816,100836,100840,100858,100862,100872],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100801,100802,100804,100806,100808,100810,100812,100814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100803,2784],{"class":51},[45,100805,56],{"class":55},[45,100807,60],{"class":59},[45,100809,1430],{"class":96},[45,100811,84],{"class":59},[45,100813,1035],{"class":96},[45,100815,118],{"class":59},[45,100817,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100819,2812],{"class":51},[45,100821,56],{"class":55},[45,100823,60],{"class":59},[45,100825,1430],{"class":96},[45,100827,84],{"class":59},[45,100829,1035],{"class":96},[45,100831,84],{"class":59},[45,100833,1063],{"class":96},[45,100835,118],{"class":59},[45,100837,100838],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,100839,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,100841,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,100843,716],{"class":51},[45,100845,56],{"class":55},[45,100847,56892],{"class":51},[45,100849,132],{"class":59},[45,100851,3042],{"class":135},[45,100853,156],{"class":59},[45,100855,1930],{"class":135},[45,100857,161],{"class":59},[45,100859,100860],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,100861,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,100863,100864,100866,100868,100870],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,100865,153],{"class":152},[45,100867,156],{"class":59},[45,100869,740],{"class":135},[45,100871,161],{"class":59},[45,100873,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,100875,153],{"class":152},[45,100877,156],{"class":59},[45,100879,1478],{"class":171},[45,100881,156],{"class":59},[45,100883,740],{"class":135},[45,100885,179],{"class":59},[20,100887,182],{},[36,100889,100890],{"className":38,"code":99298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,100891,100892,100898],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100893,100894,100896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100895,6508],{"class":171},[45,100897,139],{"class":59},[45,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906,100908,100910],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100901,1594],{"class":55},[45,100903,1598],{"class":1597},[45,100905,211],{"class":63},[45,100907,6508],{"class":67},[45,100909,198],{"class":63},[45,100911,1607],{"class":55},[20,100913,100914,100915,19142,100917,100919,100920,100922],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100916,4025],{},[15,100918,4020],{},". In Python, ",[15,100921,4020],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44917,100924],{},[31,100926,640],{"id":639},[20,100928,100929],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[36,100931,100933],{"className":38,"code":100932,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100934,100935,100968,101001,101005,101025,101029,101039,101050],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,100936,100937,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960,100962,100964,100966],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,100938,100939],{"class":51},"fruits_a ",[45,100941,56],{"class":55},[45,100943,60],{"class":59},[45,100945,64],{"class":63},[45,100947,1028],{"class":67},[45,100949,64],{"class":63},[45,100951,84],{"class":59},[45,100953,76],{"class":63},[45,100955,1042],{"class":67},[45,100957,64],{"class":63},[45,100959,84],{"class":59},[45,100961,76],{"class":63},[45,100963,1056],{"class":67},[45,100965,64],{"class":63},[45,100967,118],{"class":59},[45,100969,100970,100973,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,100971,100972],{"class":51},"fruits_b ",[45,100974,56],{"class":55},[45,100976,60],{"class":59},[45,100978,64],{"class":63},[45,100980,1042],{"class":67},[45,100982,64],{"class":63},[45,100984,84],{"class":59},[45,100986,76],{"class":63},[45,100988,1056],{"class":67},[45,100990,64],{"class":63},[45,100992,84],{"class":59},[45,100994,76],{"class":63},[45,100996,22707],{"class":67},[45,100998,64],{"class":63},[45,101000,118],{"class":59},[45,101002,101003],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101004,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101006,101007,101009,101011,101014,101016,101018,101020,101023],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101008,716],{"class":51},[45,101010,56],{"class":55},[45,101012,101013],{"class":51}," fruits_a",[45,101015,132],{"class":59},[45,101017,3042],{"class":135},[45,101019,156],{"class":59},[45,101021,101022],{"class":135},"fruits_b",[45,101024,161],{"class":59},[45,101026,101027],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101028,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101030,101031,101033,101035,101037],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,101032,153],{"class":152},[45,101034,156],{"class":59},[45,101036,740],{"class":135},[45,101038,161],{"class":59},[45,101040,101041,101043,101045,101048],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,101042,153],{"class":152},[45,101044,156],{"class":59},[45,101046,101047],{"class":135},"fruits_a",[45,101049,161],{"class":59},[45,101051,101052,101054,101056,101058],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,101053,153],{"class":152},[45,101055,156],{"class":59},[45,101057,101022],{"class":135},[45,101059,161],{"class":59},[20,101061,30185],{},[36,101063,101065],{"className":38,"code":101064,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101066,101067,101079,101107],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101068,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101070,9495],{"class":59},[45,101072,198],{"class":63},[45,101074,1028],{"class":67},[45,101076,198],{"class":63},[45,101078,118],{"class":59},[45,101080,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101082,9495],{"class":59},[45,101084,198],{"class":63},[45,101086,1042],{"class":67},[45,101088,198],{"class":63},[45,101090,84],{"class":59},[45,101092,211],{"class":63},[45,101094,1056],{"class":67},[45,101096,198],{"class":63},[45,101098,84],{"class":59},[45,101100,211],{"class":63},[45,101102,1028],{"class":67},[45,101104,198],{"class":63},[45,101106,118],{"class":59},[45,101108,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131,101133],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101110,9495],{"class":59},[45,101112,198],{"class":63},[45,101114,1042],{"class":67},[45,101116,198],{"class":63},[45,101118,84],{"class":59},[45,101120,211],{"class":63},[45,101122,1056],{"class":67},[45,101124,198],{"class":63},[45,101126,84],{"class":59},[45,101128,211],{"class":63},[45,101130,22707],{"class":67},[45,101132,198],{"class":63},[45,101134,118],{"class":59},[20,101136,816],{},[258,101138,101139,101144,101149,101155],{},[261,101140,101141,101142],{},"Start with ",[15,101143,101047],{},[261,101145,101146,101147],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101148,101022],{},[261,101150,101151,101152,101154],{},"Only ",[15,101153,57838],{}," remains",[261,101156,101157],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101159,101160],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44917,101162],{},[31,101164,1797,101166,101168],{"id":101165},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101167,100424],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101170,101171,101172,132],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101173,100424],{},[20,101175,101176],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[36,101178,101180],{"className":38,"code":101179,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101181,101182,101214,101231,101244,101261,101265,101294],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101183,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101185,3846],{"class":51},[45,101187,56],{"class":55},[45,101189,60],{"class":59},[45,101191,1430],{"class":96},[45,101193,84],{"class":59},[45,101195,1035],{"class":96},[45,101197,84],{"class":59},[45,101199,1063],{"class":96},[45,101201,84],{"class":59},[45,101203,2687],{"class":96},[45,101205,84],{"class":59},[45,101207,4828],{"class":96},[45,101209,84],{"class":59},[45,101211,37640],{"class":96},[45,101213,118],{"class":59},[45,101215,101216,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227,101229],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101217,101218],{"class":51},"group_a ",[45,101220,56],{"class":55},[45,101222,60],{"class":59},[45,101224,1133],{"class":96},[45,101226,84],{"class":59},[45,101228,2687],{"class":96},[45,101230,118],{"class":59},[45,101232,101233,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101234,101235],{"class":51},"group_b ",[45,101237,56],{"class":55},[45,101239,60],{"class":59},[45,101241,2366],{"class":96},[45,101243,118],{"class":59},[45,101245,101246,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101247,101248],{"class":51},"group_c ",[45,101250,56],{"class":55},[45,101252,60],{"class":59},[45,101254,80601],{"class":96},[45,101256,84],{"class":59},[45,101258,6214],{"class":96},[45,101260,118],{"class":59},[45,101262,101263],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101264,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101266,101267,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279,101282,101284,101287,101289,101292],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,101268,716],{"class":51},[45,101270,56],{"class":55},[45,101272,4488],{"class":51},[45,101274,132],{"class":59},[45,101276,3042],{"class":135},[45,101278,156],{"class":59},[45,101280,101281],{"class":135},"group_a",[45,101283,84],{"class":59},[45,101285,101286],{"class":135}," group_b",[45,101288,84],{"class":59},[45,101290,101291],{"class":135}," group_c",[45,101293,161],{"class":59},[45,101295,101296,101298,101300,101302],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,101297,153],{"class":152},[45,101299,156],{"class":59},[45,101301,740],{"class":135},[45,101303,161],{"class":59},[20,101305,182],{},[36,101307,101309],{"className":38,"code":101308,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101310,101311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101312,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101314,9495],{"class":59},[45,101316,1430],{"class":96},[45,101318,84],{"class":59},[45,101320,1063],{"class":96},[45,101322,118],{"class":59},[20,101324,101325],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44917,101327],{},[31,101329,101331,1174,101333],{"id":101330},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101332,100424],{},[15,101334,101335],{},"difference_update()",[20,101337,101338],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1398,101340,101341],{"id":3042},[15,101342,100424],{},[258,101344,101345,101348],{},[261,101346,101347],{},"Returns a new set",[261,101349,101350],{},"Does not change the original set",[36,101352,101354],{"className":38,"code":101353,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101355,101356,101380,101396,101400,101418,101422,101432],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101357,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101359,2784],{"class":51},[45,101361,56],{"class":55},[45,101363,60],{"class":59},[45,101365,1430],{"class":96},[45,101367,84],{"class":59},[45,101369,1035],{"class":96},[45,101371,84],{"class":59},[45,101373,1063],{"class":96},[45,101375,84],{"class":59},[45,101377,2687],{"class":96},[45,101379,118],{"class":59},[45,101381,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101383,2812],{"class":51},[45,101385,56],{"class":55},[45,101387,60],{"class":59},[45,101389,2294],{"class":96},[45,101391,84],{"class":59},[45,101393,2687],{"class":96},[45,101395,118],{"class":59},[45,101397,101398],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101399,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101401,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414,101416],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101403,716],{"class":51},[45,101405,56],{"class":55},[45,101407,56892],{"class":51},[45,101409,132],{"class":59},[45,101411,3042],{"class":135},[45,101413,156],{"class":59},[45,101415,1930],{"class":135},[45,101417,161],{"class":59},[45,101419,101420],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101421,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,101425,153],{"class":152},[45,101427,156],{"class":59},[45,101429,740],{"class":135},[45,101431,161],{"class":59},[45,101433,101434,101436,101438,101440],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,101435,153],{"class":152},[45,101437,156],{"class":59},[45,101439,277],{"class":135},[45,101441,161],{"class":59},[20,101443,182],{},[36,101445,101447],{"className":38,"code":101446,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101448,101449,101461],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101450,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101452,9495],{"class":59},[45,101454,1430],{"class":96},[45,101456,84],{"class":59},[45,101458,1035],{"class":96},[45,101460,118],{"class":59},[45,101462,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101464,9495],{"class":59},[45,101466,1430],{"class":96},[45,101468,84],{"class":59},[45,101470,1035],{"class":96},[45,101472,84],{"class":59},[45,101474,1063],{"class":96},[45,101476,84],{"class":59},[45,101478,2687],{"class":96},[45,101480,118],{"class":59},[1398,101482,101484],{"id":101483},"difference_update",[15,101485,101335],{},[258,101487,101488,101491],{},[261,101489,101490],{},"Changes the original set",[261,101492,96328],{},[36,101494,101496],{"className":38,"code":101495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101497,101498,101522,101538,101542,101556,101560],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101499,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101501,2784],{"class":51},[45,101503,56],{"class":55},[45,101505,60],{"class":59},[45,101507,1430],{"class":96},[45,101509,84],{"class":59},[45,101511,1035],{"class":96},[45,101513,84],{"class":59},[45,101515,1063],{"class":96},[45,101517,84],{"class":59},[45,101519,2687],{"class":96},[45,101521,118],{"class":59},[45,101523,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101525,2812],{"class":51},[45,101527,56],{"class":55},[45,101529,60],{"class":59},[45,101531,2294],{"class":96},[45,101533,84],{"class":59},[45,101535,2687],{"class":96},[45,101537,118],{"class":59},[45,101539,101540],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101541,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101543,101544,101546,101548,101550,101552,101554],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101545,277],{"class":51},[45,101547,132],{"class":59},[45,101549,101483],{"class":135},[45,101551,156],{"class":59},[45,101553,1930],{"class":135},[45,101555,161],{"class":59},[45,101557,101558],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101559,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101561,101562,101564,101566,101568],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,101563,153],{"class":152},[45,101565,156],{"class":59},[45,101567,277],{"class":135},[45,101569,161],{"class":59},[20,101571,182],{},[36,101573,101574],{"className":38,"code":100517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,101575,101576],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101577,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101579,9495],{"class":59},[45,101581,1430],{"class":96},[45,101583,84],{"class":59},[45,101585,1035],{"class":96},[45,101587,118],{"class":59},[20,101589,1006,101590,101592],{},[15,101591,100424],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101594,101595,101596,1461],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101597,101335],{},[44917,101599],{},[31,101601,101603,101605,101606,101608],{"id":101602},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101604,100424],{}," vs the ",[15,101607,2254],{}," operator",[20,101610,2212,101611,101613,101614,101616],{},[15,101612,2254],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101615,100424],{}," for two sets.",[36,101618,101620],{"className":38,"code":101619,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101621,101622,101646,101662,101666,101684],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101623,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101625,2784],{"class":51},[45,101627,56],{"class":55},[45,101629,60],{"class":59},[45,101631,1430],{"class":96},[45,101633,84],{"class":59},[45,101635,1035],{"class":96},[45,101637,84],{"class":59},[45,101639,1063],{"class":96},[45,101641,84],{"class":59},[45,101643,2687],{"class":96},[45,101645,118],{"class":59},[45,101647,101648,101650,101652,101654,101656,101658,101660],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101649,2812],{"class":51},[45,101651,56],{"class":55},[45,101653,60],{"class":59},[45,101655,2294],{"class":96},[45,101657,84],{"class":59},[45,101659,2687],{"class":96},[45,101661,118],{"class":59},[45,101663,101664],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101665,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101667,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101669,153],{"class":152},[45,101671,156],{"class":59},[45,101673,277],{"class":135},[45,101675,132],{"class":59},[45,101677,3042],{"class":135},[45,101679,156],{"class":59},[45,101681,1930],{"class":135},[45,101683,179],{"class":59},[45,101685,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101687,153],{"class":152},[45,101689,156],{"class":59},[45,101691,2784],{"class":135},[45,101693,2254],{"class":55},[45,101695,2789],{"class":135},[45,101697,161],{"class":59},[20,101699,182],{},[36,101701,101703],{"className":38,"code":101702,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101704,101705,101717],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101706,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101708,9495],{"class":59},[45,101710,1430],{"class":96},[45,101712,84],{"class":59},[45,101714,1035],{"class":96},[45,101716,118],{"class":59},[45,101718,101719,101721,101723,101725,101727],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101720,9495],{"class":59},[45,101722,1430],{"class":96},[45,101724,84],{"class":59},[45,101726,1035],{"class":96},[45,101728,118],{"class":59},[20,101730,101731],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101733,94598,101734,2079],{},[15,101735,100424],{},[258,101737,101738,101741,101744],{},[261,101739,101740],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[261,101742,101743],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[261,101745,101746],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101748,101749],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[36,101751,101753],{"className":38,"code":101752,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101754,101755,101783,101795,101807,101811],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101756,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101758,2784],{"class":51},[45,101760,56],{"class":55},[45,101762,60],{"class":59},[45,101764,1430],{"class":96},[45,101766,84],{"class":59},[45,101768,1035],{"class":96},[45,101770,84],{"class":59},[45,101772,1063],{"class":96},[45,101774,84],{"class":59},[45,101776,2687],{"class":96},[45,101778,84],{"class":59},[45,101780,4828],{"class":96},[45,101782,118],{"class":59},[45,101784,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101786,2812],{"class":51},[45,101788,56],{"class":55},[45,101790,60],{"class":59},[45,101792,1133],{"class":96},[45,101794,118],{"class":59},[45,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101798,83193],{"class":51},[45,101800,56],{"class":55},[45,101802,60],{"class":59},[45,101804,2734],{"class":96},[45,101806,118],{"class":59},[45,101808,101809],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101810,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101812,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101814,153],{"class":152},[45,101816,156],{"class":59},[45,101818,277],{"class":135},[45,101820,132],{"class":59},[45,101822,3042],{"class":135},[45,101824,156],{"class":59},[45,101826,1930],{"class":135},[45,101828,84],{"class":59},[45,101830,9893],{"class":135},[45,101832,179],{"class":59},[20,101834,182],{},[36,101836,101838],{"className":38,"code":101837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101839,101840],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101841,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101843,9495],{"class":59},[45,101845,1430],{"class":96},[45,101847,84],{"class":59},[45,101849,1063],{"class":96},[45,101851,84],{"class":59},[45,101853,4828],{"class":96},[45,101855,118],{"class":59},[20,101857,101858,101859,101861],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101860,2254],{}," operator expression.",[44917,101863],{},[31,101865,1391],{"id":1390},[20,101867,21390,101868,132],{},[15,101869,100424],{},[1398,101871,101873],{"id":101872},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101875,4851,101876,101878,101879,73],{},[355,101877,4854],{}," change ",[15,101880,277],{},[36,101882,101884],{"className":38,"code":101883,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101885,101886,101906,101918,101922,101936],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101887,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101889,2784],{"class":51},[45,101891,56],{"class":55},[45,101893,60],{"class":59},[45,101895,1430],{"class":96},[45,101897,84],{"class":59},[45,101899,1035],{"class":96},[45,101901,84],{"class":59},[45,101903,1063],{"class":96},[45,101905,118],{"class":59},[45,101907,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101909,2812],{"class":51},[45,101911,56],{"class":55},[45,101913,60],{"class":59},[45,101915,2294],{"class":96},[45,101917,118],{"class":59},[45,101919,101920],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,101921,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,101923,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,101925,277],{"class":51},[45,101927,132],{"class":59},[45,101929,3042],{"class":135},[45,101931,156],{"class":59},[45,101933,1930],{"class":135},[45,101935,161],{"class":59},[45,101937,101938,101940,101942,101944],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,101939,153],{"class":152},[45,101941,156],{"class":59},[45,101943,277],{"class":135},[45,101945,161],{"class":59},[20,101947,182],{},[36,101949,101950],{"className":38,"code":96617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,101951,101952],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101953,101954,101956,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101955,9495],{"class":59},[45,101957,1430],{"class":96},[45,101959,84],{"class":59},[45,101961,1035],{"class":96},[45,101963,84],{"class":59},[45,101965,1063],{"class":96},[45,101967,118],{"class":59},[20,101969,101970],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[36,101972,101974],{"className":38,"code":101973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101975,101976,101996,102008,102012,102030],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,101977,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,101979,2784],{"class":51},[45,101981,56],{"class":55},[45,101983,60],{"class":59},[45,101985,1430],{"class":96},[45,101987,84],{"class":59},[45,101989,1035],{"class":96},[45,101991,84],{"class":59},[45,101993,1063],{"class":96},[45,101995,118],{"class":59},[45,101997,101998,102000,102002,102004,102006],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,101999,2812],{"class":51},[45,102001,56],{"class":55},[45,102003,60],{"class":59},[45,102005,2294],{"class":96},[45,102007,118],{"class":59},[45,102009,102010],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102011,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102013,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102015,2784],{"class":51},[45,102017,56],{"class":55},[45,102019,56892],{"class":51},[45,102021,132],{"class":59},[45,102023,3042],{"class":135},[45,102025,156],{"class":59},[45,102027,1930],{"class":135},[45,102029,161],{"class":59},[45,102031,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,102033,153],{"class":152},[45,102035,156],{"class":59},[45,102037,277],{"class":135},[45,102039,161],{"class":59},[20,102041,182],{},[36,102043,102044],{"className":38,"code":100517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,102045,102046],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102049,9495],{"class":59},[45,102051,1430],{"class":96},[45,102053,84],{"class":59},[45,102055,1035],{"class":96},[45,102057,118],{"class":59},[1398,102059,102061],{"id":102060},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102063,102064,102067],{},[15,102065,102066],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[258,102069,102070,102075],{},[261,102071,102072,102073],{},"keep items from ",[15,102074,277],{},[261,102076,102077,102078],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102079,1930],{},[20,102081,40904,102082,102084,102085,102087],{},[355,102083,4854],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102086,1930],{},"”.",[20,102089,361],{},[36,102091,102093],{"className":38,"code":102092,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102094,102095,102115,102135,102139,102157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102096,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102098,2784],{"class":51},[45,102100,56],{"class":55},[45,102102,60],{"class":59},[45,102104,1430],{"class":96},[45,102106,84],{"class":59},[45,102108,1035],{"class":96},[45,102110,84],{"class":59},[45,102112,1063],{"class":96},[45,102114,118],{"class":59},[45,102116,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102118,2812],{"class":51},[45,102120,56],{"class":55},[45,102122,60],{"class":59},[45,102124,2294],{"class":96},[45,102126,84],{"class":59},[45,102128,2687],{"class":96},[45,102130,84],{"class":59},[45,102132,4828],{"class":96},[45,102134,118],{"class":59},[45,102136,102137],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102138,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102140,102141,102143,102145,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102142,153],{"class":152},[45,102144,156],{"class":59},[45,102146,277],{"class":135},[45,102148,132],{"class":59},[45,102150,3042],{"class":135},[45,102152,156],{"class":59},[45,102154,1930],{"class":135},[45,102156,179],{"class":59},[45,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169,102171,102173],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,102160,153],{"class":152},[45,102162,156],{"class":59},[45,102164,1930],{"class":135},[45,102166,132],{"class":59},[45,102168,3042],{"class":135},[45,102170,156],{"class":59},[45,102172,277],{"class":135},[45,102174,179],{"class":59},[20,102176,182],{},[36,102178,102180],{"className":38,"code":102179,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102181,102182,102194],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102183,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102185,9495],{"class":59},[45,102187,1430],{"class":96},[45,102189,84],{"class":59},[45,102191,1035],{"class":96},[45,102193,118],{"class":59},[45,102195,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102197,9495],{"class":59},[45,102199,2734],{"class":96},[45,102201,84],{"class":59},[45,102203,4828],{"class":96},[45,102205,118],{"class":59},[20,102207,102208],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1398,102210,102212],{"id":102211},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102214,102215,102217],{},[15,102216,100424],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102219,55323],{},[36,102221,102223],{"className":38,"code":102222,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102224,102225,102245,102261,102265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102226,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102228,2784],{"class":51},[45,102230,56],{"class":55},[45,102232,1427],{"class":59},[45,102234,1430],{"class":96},[45,102236,84],{"class":59},[45,102238,1035],{"class":96},[45,102240,84],{"class":59},[45,102242,1063],{"class":96},[45,102244,244],{"class":59},[45,102246,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102248,2812],{"class":51},[45,102250,56],{"class":55},[45,102252,1427],{"class":59},[45,102254,2294],{"class":96},[45,102256,84],{"class":59},[45,102258,2687],{"class":96},[45,102260,244],{"class":59},[45,102262,102263],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102264,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102266,102267],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102268,102269],{"class":1712},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102271,102272],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[36,102274,102276],{"className":38,"code":102275,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102277,102278,102298,102314,102318,102344],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102279,102280,102282,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102281,2784],{"class":51},[45,102283,56],{"class":55},[45,102285,1427],{"class":59},[45,102287,1430],{"class":96},[45,102289,84],{"class":59},[45,102291,1035],{"class":96},[45,102293,84],{"class":59},[45,102295,1063],{"class":96},[45,102297,244],{"class":59},[45,102299,102300,102302,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102301,2812],{"class":51},[45,102303,56],{"class":55},[45,102305,1427],{"class":59},[45,102307,2294],{"class":96},[45,102309,84],{"class":59},[45,102311,2687],{"class":96},[45,102313,244],{"class":59},[45,102315,102316],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102317,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102319,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334,102336,102338,102340,102342],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102321,716],{"class":51},[45,102323,56],{"class":55},[45,102325,15827],{"class":171},[45,102327,156],{"class":59},[45,102329,277],{"class":135},[45,102331,8849],{"class":59},[45,102333,3042],{"class":135},[45,102335,156],{"class":59},[45,102337,6508],{"class":171},[45,102339,156],{"class":59},[45,102341,1930],{"class":135},[45,102343,179],{"class":59},[45,102345,102346,102348,102350,102352],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,102347,153],{"class":152},[45,102349,156],{"class":59},[45,102351,740],{"class":135},[45,102353,161],{"class":59},[20,102355,182],{},[36,102357,102358],{"className":38,"code":100517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,102359,102360],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102361,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102363,9495],{"class":59},[45,102365,1430],{"class":96},[45,102367,84],{"class":59},[45,102369,1035],{"class":96},[45,102371,118],{"class":59},[1398,102373,102375],{"id":102374},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102377,102378],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[36,102380,102382],{"className":38,"code":102381,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102383,102384,102416,102432,102436],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102385,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402,102404,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102387,2784],{"class":51},[45,102389,56],{"class":55},[45,102391,60],{"class":59},[45,102393,64],{"class":63},[45,102395,37043],{"class":67},[45,102397,64],{"class":63},[45,102399,84],{"class":59},[45,102401,76],{"class":63},[45,102403,58132],{"class":67},[45,102405,64],{"class":63},[45,102407,84],{"class":59},[45,102409,76],{"class":63},[45,102411,58149],{"class":67},[45,102413,64],{"class":63},[45,102415,118],{"class":59},[45,102417,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102419,2812],{"class":51},[45,102421,56],{"class":55},[45,102423,60],{"class":59},[45,102425,64],{"class":63},[45,102427,58132],{"class":67},[45,102429,64],{"class":63},[45,102431,118],{"class":59},[45,102433,102434],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102435,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102437,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446,102448,102450,102452],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102439,153],{"class":152},[45,102441,156],{"class":59},[45,102443,277],{"class":135},[45,102445,132],{"class":59},[45,102447,3042],{"class":135},[45,102449,156],{"class":59},[45,102451,1930],{"class":135},[45,102453,179],{"class":59},[20,102455,102456],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1398,102458,102460],{"id":102459},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102462,102463],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[36,102465,102467],{"className":38,"code":102466,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102468,102469,102497,102509,102513,102523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102470,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102472,2784],{"class":51},[45,102474,56],{"class":55},[45,102476,60],{"class":59},[45,102478,1430],{"class":96},[45,102480,84],{"class":59},[45,102482,1049],{"class":96},[45,102484,84],{"class":59},[45,102486,1035],{"class":96},[45,102488,84],{"class":59},[45,102490,1035],{"class":96},[45,102492,84],{"class":59},[45,102494,1063],{"class":96},[45,102496,118],{"class":59},[45,102498,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102500,2812],{"class":51},[45,102502,56],{"class":55},[45,102504,60],{"class":59},[45,102506,2294],{"class":96},[45,102508,118],{"class":59},[45,102510,102511],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102512,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102514,102515,102517,102519,102521],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102516,153],{"class":152},[45,102518,156],{"class":59},[45,102520,277],{"class":135},[45,102522,161],{"class":59},[45,102524,102525,102527,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,102526,153],{"class":152},[45,102528,156],{"class":59},[45,102530,277],{"class":135},[45,102532,132],{"class":59},[45,102534,3042],{"class":135},[45,102536,156],{"class":59},[45,102538,1930],{"class":135},[45,102540,179],{"class":59},[20,102542,182],{},[36,102544,102546],{"className":38,"code":102545,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102547,102548,102564],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102549,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102551,9495],{"class":59},[45,102553,1430],{"class":96},[45,102555,84],{"class":59},[45,102557,1035],{"class":96},[45,102559,84],{"class":59},[45,102561,1063],{"class":96},[45,102563,118],{"class":59},[45,102565,102566,102568,102570,102572,102574],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102567,9495],{"class":59},[45,102569,1430],{"class":96},[45,102571,84],{"class":59},[45,102573,1035],{"class":96},[45,102575,118],{"class":59},[20,102577,102578,102579,102581],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102580,100424],{}," runs.",[1398,102583,102585],{"id":102584},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102587,102588],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[36,102590,102592],{"className":38,"code":102591,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102593,102594,102618,102638,102642,102652,102662,102680,102702],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102595,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102597,2784],{"class":51},[45,102599,56],{"class":55},[45,102601,60],{"class":59},[45,102603,1430],{"class":96},[45,102605,84],{"class":59},[45,102607,1035],{"class":96},[45,102609,84],{"class":59},[45,102611,1063],{"class":96},[45,102613,84],{"class":59},[45,102615,2687],{"class":96},[45,102617,118],{"class":59},[45,102619,102620,102622,102624,102626,102628,102630,102632,102634,102636],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102621,2812],{"class":51},[45,102623,56],{"class":55},[45,102625,60],{"class":59},[45,102627,2294],{"class":96},[45,102629,84],{"class":59},[45,102631,2687],{"class":96},[45,102633,84],{"class":59},[45,102635,4828],{"class":96},[45,102637,118],{"class":59},[45,102639,102640],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102641,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102643,102644,102646,102648,102650],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102645,153],{"class":152},[45,102647,156],{"class":59},[45,102649,277],{"class":135},[45,102651,161],{"class":59},[45,102653,102654,102656,102658,102660],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,102655,153],{"class":152},[45,102657,156],{"class":59},[45,102659,1930],{"class":135},[45,102661,161],{"class":59},[45,102663,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,102665,153],{"class":152},[45,102667,156],{"class":59},[45,102669,277],{"class":135},[45,102671,132],{"class":59},[45,102673,3042],{"class":135},[45,102675,156],{"class":59},[45,102677,1930],{"class":135},[45,102679,179],{"class":59},[45,102681,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,102683,153],{"class":152},[45,102685,156],{"class":59},[45,102687,1478],{"class":171},[45,102689,156],{"class":59},[45,102691,277],{"class":135},[45,102693,132],{"class":59},[45,102695,3042],{"class":135},[45,102697,156],{"class":59},[45,102699,1930],{"class":135},[45,102701,3143],{"class":59},[45,102703,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,102705,153],{"class":152},[45,102707,156],{"class":59},[45,102709,11369],{"class":152},[45,102711,156],{"class":59},[45,102713,277],{"class":135},[45,102715,132],{"class":59},[45,102717,3042],{"class":135},[45,102719,156],{"class":59},[45,102721,1930],{"class":135},[45,102723,3143],{"class":59},[20,102725,11378],{},[258,102727,102728,102731,102734,102737],{},[261,102729,102730],{},"what is in each set",[261,102732,102733],{},"what result Python creates",[261,102735,102736],{},"that the result is a set",[261,102738,102739],{},"how many items remain",[44917,102741],{},[31,102743,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,102745,2062,102747,102749],{"id":102746},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102748,100424],{}," change the original set?",[20,102751,102752],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1398,102754,5400,102756,329,102758,2079],{"id":102755},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102757,100424],{},[15,102759,101335],{},[20,102761,102762,102764,102765,102767],{},[15,102763,100424],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102766,101335],{}," modifies the original set.",[1398,102769,28485,102771,102773],{"id":102770},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102772,100424],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102775,102776],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1398,102778,102780],{"id":102779},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102782,102783],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44917,102785],{},[31,102787,2114],{"id":2113},[258,102789,102790,102794,102802],{},[261,102791,102792],{},[277,102793,96338],{"href":97509},[261,102795,102796],{},[277,102797,96824,102799,994],{"href":102798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102800,102801],{},"intersection()",[261,102803,102804],{},[277,102805,96824,102807,994],{"href":102806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102808,102809],{},"union()",[2154,102811,102812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":102814},[102815,102816,102818,102819,102820,102821,102823,102828,102830,102838,102847],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":100546,"depth":121,"text":102817},"What difference() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":101165,"depth":121,"text":102822},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101330,"depth":121,"text":102824,"children":102825},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102826,102827],{"id":3042,"depth":142,"text":100424},{"id":101483,"depth":142,"text":101335},{"id":101602,"depth":121,"text":102829},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":102831},[102832,102833,102834,102835,102836,102837],{"id":101872,"depth":142,"text":101873},{"id":102060,"depth":142,"text":102061},{"id":102211,"depth":142,"text":102212},{"id":102374,"depth":142,"text":102375},{"id":102459,"depth":142,"text":102460},{"id":102584,"depth":142,"text":102585},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":102839},[102840,102842,102844,102846],{"id":102746,"depth":142,"text":102841},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102755,"depth":142,"text":102843},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102770,"depth":142,"text":102845},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102779,"depth":142,"text":102780},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100416,"description":102848},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102855,"title":102856,"body":102857,"description":104552,"extension":2195,"meta":104553,"navigation":145,"path":104554,"seo":104555,"stem":104556,"__hash__":104557},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102858,"toc":104514},[102859,102865,102871,102884,102886,102987,102989,103034,103039,103044,103048,103062,103065,103073,103075,103094,103112,103116,103169,103171,103192,103199,103204,103231,103238,103337,103339,103376,103384,103388,103394,103397,103470,103472,103480,103485,103554,103556,103581,103583,103586,103689,103691,103752,103755,103759,103765,103838,103840,103873,103876,103879,103919,103925,103948,103953,103957,103968,103971,103973,103977,103983,103985,104042,104052,104054,104107,104114,104119,104187,104195,104201,104205,104207,104246,104251,104300,104304,104307,104309,104348,104351,104353,104358,104415,104417,104431,104433,104437,104443,104448,104453,104460,104471,104477,104482,104484,104511],[10,102860,96210,102862,18],{"id":102861},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102863,102864],{},"discard()",[20,102866,102867,102870],{},[15,102868,102869],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102872,102873,102874,2419,102879,14246,102881,102883],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[277,102875,102876],{"href":98219},[15,102877,102878],{},"set.remove()",[15,102880,102864],{},[355,102882,4854],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[31,102885,34],{"id":33},[36,102887,102889],{"className":38,"code":102888,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102890,102891,102923,102942,102952,102956,102977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102892,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102894,13274],{"class":51},[45,102896,56],{"class":55},[45,102898,60],{"class":59},[45,102900,64],{"class":63},[45,102902,13291],{"class":67},[45,102904,64],{"class":63},[45,102906,84],{"class":59},[45,102908,76],{"class":63},[45,102910,703],{"class":67},[45,102912,64],{"class":63},[45,102914,84],{"class":59},[45,102916,76],{"class":63},[45,102918,17637],{"class":67},[45,102920,64],{"class":63},[45,102922,118],{"class":59},[45,102924,102925,102927,102929,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,102926,17684],{"class":51},[45,102928,132],{"class":59},[45,102930,102931],{"class":135},"discard",[45,102933,156],{"class":59},[45,102935,64],{"class":63},[45,102937,703],{"class":67},[45,102939,64],{"class":63},[45,102941,161],{"class":59},[45,102943,102944,102946,102948,102950],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,102945,153],{"class":152},[45,102947,156],{"class":59},[45,102949,17684],{"class":135},[45,102951,161],{"class":59},[45,102953,102954],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,102955,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,102957,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,102959,17684],{"class":51},[45,102961,132],{"class":59},[45,102963,102931],{"class":135},[45,102965,156],{"class":59},[45,102967,64],{"class":63},[45,102969,22698],{"class":67},[45,102971,64],{"class":63},[45,102973,3889],{"class":59},[45,102975,102976],{"class":1712},"  # no error if missing\n",[45,102978,102979,102981,102983,102985],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,102980,153],{"class":152},[45,102982,156],{"class":59},[45,102984,17684],{"class":135},[45,102986,161],{"class":59},[20,102988,30185],{},[36,102990,102992],{"className":38,"code":102991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102993,102994,103014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,102995,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,102997,9495],{"class":59},[45,102999,198],{"class":63},[45,103001,13291],{"class":67},[45,103003,198],{"class":63},[45,103005,84],{"class":59},[45,103007,211],{"class":63},[45,103009,17637],{"class":67},[45,103011,198],{"class":63},[45,103013,118],{"class":59},[45,103015,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103017,9495],{"class":59},[45,103019,198],{"class":63},[45,103021,13291],{"class":67},[45,103023,198],{"class":63},[45,103025,84],{"class":59},[45,103027,211],{"class":63},[45,103029,17637],{"class":67},[45,103031,198],{"class":63},[45,103033,118],{"class":59},[20,103035,1006,103036,103038],{},[15,103037,102864],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[31,103040,253,103042,256],{"id":103041},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103043,102869],{},[20,103045,103046,73],{},[15,103047,102864],{},[258,103049,103050,103053,103056,103058],{},[261,103051,103052],{},"Removes one item from a set",[261,103054,103055],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[261,103057,96325],{},[261,103059,11629,103060],{},[15,103061,4006],{},[20,103063,103064],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103066,96334,103067,995,103070,132],{},[277,103068,103069],{"href":98801},"what a set is in Python",[277,103071,103072],{"href":97893},"how to create a set",[31,103074,284],{"id":283},[36,103076,103078],{"className":38,"code":103077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103079,103080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103081,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103083,15860],{"class":51},[45,103085,132],{"class":59},[45,103087,102931],{"class":135},[45,103089,156],{"class":59},[45,103091,947],{"class":135},[45,103093,161],{"class":59},[258,103095,103096,103101,103106,103109],{},[261,103097,103098,103100],{},[15,103099,15860],{}," is the set you want to change",[261,103102,103103,103105],{},[15,103104,947],{}," is the item you want to remove",[261,103107,103108],{},"The set must already exist",[261,103110,103111],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1398,103113,103115],{"id":103114},"example","Example",[36,103117,103119],{"className":38,"code":103118,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103120,103121,103145,103159],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103122,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103124,3846],{"class":51},[45,103126,56],{"class":55},[45,103128,60],{"class":59},[45,103130,1430],{"class":96},[45,103132,84],{"class":59},[45,103134,1035],{"class":96},[45,103136,84],{"class":59},[45,103138,1063],{"class":96},[45,103140,84],{"class":59},[45,103142,2687],{"class":96},[45,103144,118],{"class":59},[45,103146,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103148,3876],{"class":51},[45,103150,132],{"class":59},[45,103152,102931],{"class":135},[45,103154,156],{"class":59},[45,103156,2294],{"class":96},[45,103158,161],{"class":59},[45,103160,103161,103163,103165,103167],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,103162,153],{"class":152},[45,103164,156],{"class":59},[45,103166,3876],{"class":135},[45,103168,161],{"class":59},[20,103170,182],{},[36,103172,103174],{"className":38,"code":103173,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103175,103176],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103177,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103179,9495],{"class":59},[45,103181,1430],{"class":96},[45,103183,84],{"class":59},[45,103185,1035],{"class":96},[45,103187,84],{"class":59},[45,103189,2687],{"class":96},[45,103191,118],{"class":59},[31,103193,103195,103196,103198],{"id":103194},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103197,102864],{}," different",[20,103200,103201,103203],{},[15,103202,102864],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[258,103205,103206,103219,103228],{},[261,103207,103208,103209,2419,103213,103215,103216,103218],{},"Unlike ",[277,103210,103211],{"href":98219},[15,103212,55533],{},[15,103214,102864],{}," does not raise ",[15,103217,19866],{}," when the item is missing",[261,103220,103208,103221,2419,103225,103227],{},[277,103222,103223],{"href":98224},[15,103224,12964],{},[15,103226,102864],{}," removes a specific item",[261,103229,103230],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1398,103232,103234,1174,103236],{"id":103233},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103235,102864],{},[15,103237,55533],{},[36,103239,103241],{"className":38,"code":103240,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103242,103243,103267,103271,103292,103302,103306,103327],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103246,8001],{"class":51},[45,103248,56],{"class":55},[45,103250,60],{"class":59},[45,103252,64],{"class":63},[45,103254,1028],{"class":67},[45,103256,64],{"class":63},[45,103258,84],{"class":59},[45,103260,76],{"class":63},[45,103262,1042],{"class":67},[45,103264,64],{"class":63},[45,103266,118],{"class":59},[45,103268,103269],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103270,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103272,103273,103275,103277,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,103274,1289],{"class":51},[45,103276,132],{"class":59},[45,103278,102931],{"class":135},[45,103280,156],{"class":59},[45,103282,64],{"class":63},[45,103284,1056],{"class":67},[45,103286,64],{"class":63},[45,103288,3889],{"class":59},[45,103290,103291],{"class":1712},"   # no error\n",[45,103293,103294,103296,103298,103300],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,103295,153],{"class":152},[45,103297,156],{"class":59},[45,103299,1289],{"class":135},[45,103301,161],{"class":59},[45,103303,103304],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,103305,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103307,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,103309,1289],{"class":51},[45,103311,132],{"class":59},[45,103313,34787],{"class":135},[45,103315,156],{"class":59},[45,103317,64],{"class":63},[45,103319,1042],{"class":67},[45,103321,64],{"class":63},[45,103323,3889],{"class":59},[45,103325,103326],{"class":1712},"    # removes existing item\n",[45,103328,103329,103331,103333,103335],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,103330,153],{"class":152},[45,103332,156],{"class":59},[45,103334,1289],{"class":135},[45,103336,161],{"class":59},[20,103338,182],{},[36,103340,103342],{"className":38,"code":103341,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103343,103344,103364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103345,103346,103348,103350,103352,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103347,9495],{"class":59},[45,103349,198],{"class":63},[45,103351,1028],{"class":67},[45,103353,198],{"class":63},[45,103355,84],{"class":59},[45,103357,211],{"class":63},[45,103359,1042],{"class":67},[45,103361,198],{"class":63},[45,103363,118],{"class":59},[45,103365,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103367,9495],{"class":59},[45,103369,198],{"class":63},[45,103371,1028],{"class":67},[45,103373,198],{"class":63},[45,103375,118],{"class":59},[20,103377,40341,103378,103380,103381,103383],{},[15,103379,55533],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[277,103382,11283],{"href":11282}," for more help with that case.",[31,103385,103387],{"id":103386},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103389,103390,2627,103392,132],{},[15,103391,102864],{},[15,103393,4006],{},[20,103395,103396],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[36,103398,103400],{"className":38,"code":103399,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103401,103402,103434,103456,103460],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103403,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103405,13274],{"class":51},[45,103407,56],{"class":55},[45,103409,60],{"class":59},[45,103411,64],{"class":63},[45,103413,13291],{"class":67},[45,103415,64],{"class":63},[45,103417,84],{"class":59},[45,103419,76],{"class":63},[45,103421,703],{"class":67},[45,103423,64],{"class":63},[45,103425,84],{"class":59},[45,103427,76],{"class":63},[45,103429,17637],{"class":67},[45,103431,64],{"class":63},[45,103433,118],{"class":59},[45,103435,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452,103454],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103437,716],{"class":51},[45,103439,56],{"class":55},[45,103441,13321],{"class":51},[45,103443,132],{"class":59},[45,103445,102931],{"class":135},[45,103447,156],{"class":59},[45,103449,64],{"class":63},[45,103451,703],{"class":67},[45,103453,64],{"class":63},[45,103455,161],{"class":59},[45,103457,103458],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,103459,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103461,103462,103464,103466,103468],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,103463,153],{"class":152},[45,103465,156],{"class":59},[45,103467,740],{"class":135},[45,103469,161],{"class":59},[20,103471,182],{},[36,103473,103474],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,103475,103476],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103477,103478],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103479,12009],{"class":4080},[20,103481,103482,103483,73],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103484,17684],{},[36,103486,103488],{"className":38,"code":103487,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103489,103490,103522,103540,103544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103491,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103493,13274],{"class":51},[45,103495,56],{"class":55},[45,103497,60],{"class":59},[45,103499,64],{"class":63},[45,103501,13291],{"class":67},[45,103503,64],{"class":63},[45,103505,84],{"class":59},[45,103507,76],{"class":63},[45,103509,703],{"class":67},[45,103511,64],{"class":63},[45,103513,84],{"class":59},[45,103515,76],{"class":63},[45,103517,17637],{"class":67},[45,103519,64],{"class":63},[45,103521,118],{"class":59},[45,103523,103524,103526,103528,103530,103532,103534,103536,103538],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103525,17684],{"class":51},[45,103527,132],{"class":59},[45,103529,102931],{"class":135},[45,103531,156],{"class":59},[45,103533,64],{"class":63},[45,103535,703],{"class":67},[45,103537,64],{"class":63},[45,103539,161],{"class":59},[45,103541,103542],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,103543,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103545,103546,103548,103550,103552],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,103547,153],{"class":152},[45,103549,156],{"class":59},[45,103551,17684],{"class":135},[45,103553,161],{"class":59},[20,103555,182],{},[36,103557,103559],{"className":38,"code":103558,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103560,103561],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103562,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103564,9495],{"class":59},[45,103566,198],{"class":63},[45,103568,13291],{"class":67},[45,103570,198],{"class":63},[45,103572,84],{"class":59},[45,103574,211],{"class":63},[45,103576,17637],{"class":67},[45,103578,198],{"class":63},[45,103580,118],{"class":59},[31,103582,640],{"id":639},[20,103584,103585],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[36,103587,103589],{"className":38,"code":103588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103590,103591,103623,103627,103645,103649,103667,103671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103592,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103594,36234],{"class":51},[45,103596,56],{"class":55},[45,103598,60],{"class":59},[45,103600,64],{"class":63},[45,103602,1028],{"class":67},[45,103604,64],{"class":63},[45,103606,84],{"class":59},[45,103608,76],{"class":63},[45,103610,1042],{"class":67},[45,103612,64],{"class":63},[45,103614,84],{"class":59},[45,103616,76],{"class":63},[45,103618,1056],{"class":67},[45,103620,64],{"class":63},[45,103622,118],{"class":59},[45,103624,103625],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103626,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103628,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,103630,153],{"class":152},[45,103632,156],{"class":59},[45,103634,64],{"class":63},[45,103636,11766],{"class":67},[45,103638,64],{"class":63},[45,103640,84],{"class":59},[45,103642,52855],{"class":135},[45,103644,161],{"class":59},[45,103646,103647],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,103648,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103650,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,103652,36286],{"class":51},[45,103654,132],{"class":59},[45,103656,102931],{"class":135},[45,103658,156],{"class":59},[45,103660,64],{"class":63},[45,103662,1042],{"class":67},[45,103664,64],{"class":63},[45,103666,161],{"class":59},[45,103668,103669],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,103670,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103672,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685,103687],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,103674,153],{"class":152},[45,103676,156],{"class":59},[45,103678,64],{"class":63},[45,103680,11806],{"class":67},[45,103682,64],{"class":63},[45,103684,84],{"class":59},[45,103686,52855],{"class":135},[45,103688,161],{"class":59},[20,103690,182],{},[36,103692,103694],{"className":38,"code":103693,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103695,103696,103728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103697,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103699,11826],{"class":51},[45,103701,73],{"class":59},[45,103703,60],{"class":59},[45,103705,198],{"class":63},[45,103707,1042],{"class":67},[45,103709,198],{"class":63},[45,103711,84],{"class":59},[45,103713,211],{"class":63},[45,103715,1028],{"class":67},[45,103717,198],{"class":63},[45,103719,84],{"class":59},[45,103721,211],{"class":63},[45,103723,1056],{"class":67},[45,103725,198],{"class":63},[45,103727,118],{"class":59},[45,103729,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103731,11879],{"class":51},[45,103733,73],{"class":59},[45,103735,60],{"class":59},[45,103737,198],{"class":63},[45,103739,1028],{"class":67},[45,103741,198],{"class":63},[45,103743,84],{"class":59},[45,103745,211],{"class":63},[45,103747,1056],{"class":67},[45,103749,198],{"class":63},[45,103751,118],{"class":59},[20,103753,103754],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[31,103756,103758],{"id":103757},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103760,103761,103762,103764],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103763,102864],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[36,103766,103768],{"className":38,"code":103767,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103769,103770,103802,103806,103824,103828],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103771,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798,103800],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103773,36234],{"class":51},[45,103775,56],{"class":55},[45,103777,60],{"class":59},[45,103779,64],{"class":63},[45,103781,1028],{"class":67},[45,103783,64],{"class":63},[45,103785,84],{"class":59},[45,103787,76],{"class":63},[45,103789,1042],{"class":67},[45,103791,64],{"class":63},[45,103793,84],{"class":59},[45,103795,76],{"class":63},[45,103797,1056],{"class":67},[45,103799,64],{"class":63},[45,103801,118],{"class":59},[45,103803,103804],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103805,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103807,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,103809,36286],{"class":51},[45,103811,132],{"class":59},[45,103813,102931],{"class":135},[45,103815,156],{"class":59},[45,103817,64],{"class":63},[45,103819,22707],{"class":67},[45,103821,64],{"class":63},[45,103823,161],{"class":59},[45,103825,103826],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,103827,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,103829,103830,103832,103834,103836],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,103831,153],{"class":152},[45,103833,156],{"class":59},[45,103835,36286],{"class":135},[45,103837,161],{"class":59},[20,103839,182],{},[36,103841,103843],{"className":38,"code":103842,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103844,103845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103846,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103848,9495],{"class":59},[45,103850,198],{"class":63},[45,103852,1042],{"class":67},[45,103854,198],{"class":63},[45,103856,84],{"class":59},[45,103858,211],{"class":63},[45,103860,1028],{"class":67},[45,103862,198],{"class":63},[45,103864,84],{"class":59},[45,103866,211],{"class":63},[45,103868,1056],{"class":67},[45,103870,198],{"class":63},[45,103872,118],{"class":59},[20,103874,103875],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103877,103878],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[36,103880,103882],{"className":38,"code":103881,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103883,103884,103900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103885,103886,103888,103890,103892,103894,103896,103898],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103887,7219],{"class":921},[45,103889,76],{"class":63},[45,103891,22707],{"class":67},[45,103893,64],{"class":63},[45,103895,21352],{"class":55},[45,103897,52855],{"class":51},[45,103899,6614],{"class":59},[45,103901,103902,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913,103915,103917],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,103903,103904],{"class":51},"    fruits",[45,103906,132],{"class":59},[45,103908,34787],{"class":135},[45,103910,156],{"class":59},[45,103912,64],{"class":63},[45,103914,22707],{"class":67},[45,103916,64],{"class":63},[45,103918,161],{"class":59},[20,103920,103921,103922,103924],{},"With ",[15,103923,102864],{},", you can simply write:",[36,103926,103928],{"className":38,"code":103927,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103929,103930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103933,36286],{"class":51},[45,103935,132],{"class":59},[45,103937,102931],{"class":135},[45,103939,156],{"class":59},[45,103941,64],{"class":63},[45,103943,22707],{"class":67},[45,103945,64],{"class":63},[45,103947,161],{"class":59},[31,103949,5185,103951],{"id":103950},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103952,102864],{},[20,103954,1006,103955,10811],{},[15,103956,102864],{},[258,103958,103959,103962,103965],{},[261,103960,103961],{},"Missing values are normal",[261,103963,103964],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[261,103966,103967],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103969,103970],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[31,103972,3061],{"id":3060},[20,103974,8664,103975,132],{},[15,103976,102864],{},[1398,103978,8670,103980,103982],{"id":103979},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103981,102864],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103984,4749],{},[36,103986,103988],{"className":38,"code":103987,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103989,103990,104010,104028,104032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,103991,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,103993,3846],{"class":51},[45,103995,56],{"class":55},[45,103997,60],{"class":59},[45,103999,1430],{"class":96},[45,104001,84],{"class":59},[45,104003,1035],{"class":96},[45,104005,84],{"class":59},[45,104007,1063],{"class":96},[45,104009,118],{"class":59},[45,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104013,3846],{"class":51},[45,104015,56],{"class":55},[45,104017,4488],{"class":51},[45,104019,132],{"class":59},[45,104021,102931],{"class":135},[45,104023,156],{"class":59},[45,104025,1133],{"class":96},[45,104027,161],{"class":59},[45,104029,104030],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104031,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,104033,104034,104036,104038,104040],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,104035,153],{"class":152},[45,104037,156],{"class":59},[45,104039,3876],{"class":135},[45,104041,161],{"class":59},[20,104043,104044,42154,104046,8819,104048,2627,104050,132],{},[15,104045,3876],{},[15,104047,4006],{},[15,104049,102864],{},[15,104051,4006],{},[20,104053,19019],{},[36,104055,104057],{"className":38,"code":104056,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104058,104059,104079,104093,104097],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104060,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104062,3846],{"class":51},[45,104064,56],{"class":55},[45,104066,60],{"class":59},[45,104068,1430],{"class":96},[45,104070,84],{"class":59},[45,104072,1035],{"class":96},[45,104074,84],{"class":59},[45,104076,1063],{"class":96},[45,104078,118],{"class":59},[45,104080,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104082,3876],{"class":51},[45,104084,132],{"class":59},[45,104086,102931],{"class":135},[45,104088,156],{"class":59},[45,104090,1133],{"class":96},[45,104092,161],{"class":59},[45,104094,104095],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104096,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,104098,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,104100,153],{"class":152},[45,104102,156],{"class":59},[45,104104,3876],{"class":135},[45,104106,161],{"class":59},[1398,104108,37200,104110,8922,104112],{"id":104109},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104111,102864],{},[15,104113,55533],{},[20,104115,104116,104117,132],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104118,102864],{},[36,104120,104122],{"className":38,"code":104121,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104123,104124,104156,104177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104125,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104127,36085],{"class":51},[45,104129,56],{"class":55},[45,104131,60],{"class":59},[45,104133,64],{"class":63},[45,104135,277],{"class":67},[45,104137,64],{"class":63},[45,104139,84],{"class":59},[45,104141,76],{"class":63},[45,104143,1930],{"class":67},[45,104145,64],{"class":63},[45,104147,84],{"class":59},[45,104149,76],{"class":63},[45,104151,9951],{"class":67},[45,104153,64],{"class":63},[45,104155,118],{"class":59},[45,104157,104158,104160,104162,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172,104174],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104159,36138],{"class":51},[45,104161,132],{"class":59},[45,104163,102931],{"class":135},[45,104165,156],{"class":59},[45,104167,64],{"class":63},[45,104169,22252],{"class":67},[45,104171,64],{"class":63},[45,104173,3889],{"class":59},[45,104175,104176],{"class":1712},"   # safe\n",[45,104178,104179,104181,104183,104185],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104180,153],{"class":152},[45,104182,156],{"class":59},[45,104184,36138],{"class":135},[45,104186,161],{"class":59},[20,104188,104189,104190,45909,104193,132],{},"If you use ",[15,104191,104192],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104194,19866],{},[1398,104196,25778,104198,104200],{"id":104197},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104199,102864],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104202,104203,102217],{},[15,104204,102864],{},[20,104206,1412],{},[36,104208,104210],{"className":38,"code":104209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104211,104212,104232],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104213,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104215,8001],{"class":51},[45,104217,56],{"class":55},[45,104219,1427],{"class":59},[45,104221,1430],{"class":96},[45,104223,84],{"class":59},[45,104225,1035],{"class":96},[45,104227,84],{"class":59},[45,104229,1063],{"class":96},[45,104231,244],{"class":59},[45,104233,104234,104236,104238,104240,104242,104244],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104235,1289],{"class":51},[45,104237,132],{"class":59},[45,104239,102931],{"class":135},[45,104241,156],{"class":59},[45,104243,1133],{"class":96},[45,104245,161],{"class":59},[20,104247,104248,104249,73],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104250,102864],{},[36,104252,104254],{"className":38,"code":104253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104255,104256,104276,104290],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104257,104258,104260,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104259,8001],{"class":51},[45,104261,56],{"class":55},[45,104263,60],{"class":59},[45,104265,1430],{"class":96},[45,104267,84],{"class":59},[45,104269,1035],{"class":96},[45,104271,84],{"class":59},[45,104273,1063],{"class":96},[45,104275,118],{"class":59},[45,104277,104278,104280,104282,104284,104286,104288],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104279,1289],{"class":51},[45,104281,132],{"class":59},[45,104283,102931],{"class":135},[45,104285,156],{"class":59},[45,104287,1133],{"class":96},[45,104289,161],{"class":59},[45,104291,104292,104294,104296,104298],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104293,153],{"class":152},[45,104295,156],{"class":59},[45,104297,1289],{"class":135},[45,104299,161],{"class":59},[1398,104301,104303],{"id":104302},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104305,104306],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104308,3068],{},[36,104310,104312],{"className":38,"code":104311,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104313,104314,104334],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104317,1909],{"class":51},[45,104319,56],{"class":55},[45,104321,60],{"class":59},[45,104323,1430],{"class":96},[45,104325,84],{"class":59},[45,104327,1035],{"class":96},[45,104329,84],{"class":59},[45,104331,1063],{"class":96},[45,104333,118],{"class":59},[45,104335,104336,104338,104340,104342,104344,104346],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104337,1947],{"class":51},[45,104339,132],{"class":59},[45,104341,102931],{"class":135},[45,104343,195],{"class":59},[45,104345,1133],{"class":96},[45,104347,218],{"class":59},[20,104349,104350],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[31,104352,9090],{"id":9089},[20,104354,9093,104355,104357],{},[15,104356,102864],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[36,104359,104361],{"className":38,"code":104360,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104362,104363,104373,104387,104401],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104364,104365,104367,104369,104371],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104366,153],{"class":152},[45,104368,156],{"class":59},[45,104370,15860],{"class":135},[45,104372,161],{"class":59},[45,104374,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104376,153],{"class":152},[45,104378,156],{"class":59},[45,104380,1478],{"class":171},[45,104382,156],{"class":59},[45,104384,15860],{"class":135},[45,104386,179],{"class":59},[45,104388,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104390,153],{"class":152},[45,104392,156],{"class":59},[45,104394,2677],{"class":135},[45,104396,927],{"class":921},[45,104398,96934],{"class":135},[45,104400,161],{"class":59},[45,104402,104403,104405,104407,104409,104411,104413],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,104404,32306],{"class":152},[45,104406,156],{"class":59},[45,104408,6508],{"class":171},[45,104410,132],{"class":59},[45,104412,102931],{"class":1863},[45,104414,161],{"class":59},[20,104416,11378],{},[258,104418,104419,104422,104425,104428],{},[261,104420,104421],{},"What is currently in the set",[261,104423,104424],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[261,104426,104427],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[261,104429,104430],{},"How Python documents the method",[31,104432,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,104434,104436],{"id":104435},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104438,104439,104440,104442],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104441,102864],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1398,104444,2049,104446,12917],{"id":104445},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104447,102869],{},[20,104449,1610,104450,104452],{},[15,104451,4006],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1398,104454,5400,104456,329,104458,2079],{"id":104455},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104457,102864],{},[15,104459,55533],{},[20,104461,104462,104463,26694,104465,104467,104468,104470],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104464,55533],{},[15,104466,19866],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104469,102864],{}," does not.",[1398,104472,28485,104474,104476],{"id":104473},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104475,102864],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104478,46366,104479,104481],{},[15,104480,102864],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[31,104483,2114],{"id":2113},[258,104485,104486,104492,104498,104503,104507],{},[261,104487,104488],{},[277,104489,96824,104490,994],{"href":98219},[15,104491,55533],{},[261,104493,104494],{},[277,104495,96824,104496,994],{"href":98224},[15,104497,12964],{},[261,104499,104500],{},[277,104501,104502],{"href":97893},"Python set: creating a set",[261,104504,104505],{},[277,104506,100359],{"href":98801},[261,104508,104509],{},[277,104510,11469],{"href":11282},[2154,104512,104513],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":104515},[104516,104517,104519,104522,104527,104528,104529,104530,104532,104541,104542,104551],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":103041,"depth":121,"text":104518},"What set.discard() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":104520},[104521],{"id":103114,"depth":142,"text":103115},{"id":103194,"depth":121,"text":104523,"children":104524},"What makes discard() different",[104525],{"id":103233,"depth":142,"text":104526},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103386,"depth":121,"text":103387},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":103757,"depth":121,"text":103758},{"id":103950,"depth":121,"text":104531},"When to use discard()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":104533},[104534,104536,104538,104540],{"id":103979,"depth":142,"text":104535},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104109,"depth":142,"text":104537},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104197,"depth":142,"text":104539},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104302,"depth":142,"text":104303},{"id":9089,"depth":121,"text":9090},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":104543},[104544,104545,104547,104549],{"id":104435,"depth":142,"text":104436},{"id":104445,"depth":142,"text":104546},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104455,"depth":142,"text":104548},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104473,"depth":142,"text":104550},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102856,"description":104552},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104559,"title":104560,"body":104561,"description":106567,"extension":2195,"meta":106568,"navigation":145,"path":106569,"seo":106570,"stem":106571,"__hash__":106572},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104562,"toc":106525},[104563,104566,104574,104579,104590,104592,104647,104651,104671,104676,104680,104685,104687,104701,104703,104778,104780,104813,104818,104823,104825,104827,104842,104845,104853,104858,104873,104875,104964,104966,105055,105061,105065,105067,105105,105107,105131,105134,105149,105151,105206,105208,105241,105243,105248,105252,105256,105261,105326,105328,105348,105354,105358,105415,105417,105438,105442,105447,105492,105494,105527,105530,105534,105567,105569,105598,105602,105606,105609,105611,105630,105632,105678,105683,105697,105699,105730,105735,105738,105782,105784,105812,105816,105820,105836,105839,105904,105906,105918,105921,105925,105928,105933,105961,105963,105981,105987,106026,106028,106046,106052,106081,106083,106101,106104,106121,106123,106128,106132,106135,106161,106168,106173,106188,106197,106201,106204,106235,106241,106244,106253,106256,106258,106260,106318,106321,106346,106348,106352,106355,106359,106367,106371,106374,106378,106381,106383,106406,106408,106449,106456,106464,106467,106498,106500,106522],[10,104564,104560],{"id":104565},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104567,9341,104568,104570,104571,132],{},[15,104569,4025],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[355,104572,104573],{},"unique values only",[20,104575,35399,104576,104578],{},[15,104577,4025],{}," to:",[258,104580,104581,104584,104587],{},[261,104582,104583],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[261,104585,104586],{},"check whether a value exists",[261,104588,104589],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[31,104591,34],{"id":33},[36,104593,104595],{"className":38,"code":104594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104596,104597,104621,104636],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104598,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104600,3846],{"class":51},[45,104602,56],{"class":55},[45,104604,1427],{"class":59},[45,104606,1430],{"class":96},[45,104608,84],{"class":59},[45,104610,1035],{"class":96},[45,104612,84],{"class":59},[45,104614,1035],{"class":96},[45,104616,84],{"class":59},[45,104618,1063],{"class":96},[45,104620,244],{"class":59},[45,104622,104623,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104624,104625],{"class":51},"unique_numbers ",[45,104627,56],{"class":55},[45,104629,15827],{"class":171},[45,104631,156],{"class":59},[45,104633,3876],{"class":135},[45,104635,161],{"class":59},[45,104637,104638,104640,104642,104645],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104639,153],{"class":152},[45,104641,156],{"class":59},[45,104643,104644],{"class":135},"unique_numbers",[45,104646,161],{"class":59},[20,104648,104649],{},[355,104650,182],{},[36,104652,104653],{"className":38,"code":96617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,104654,104655],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104656,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104658,9495],{"class":59},[45,104660,1430],{"class":96},[45,104662,84],{"class":59},[45,104664,1035],{"class":96},[45,104666,84],{"class":59},[45,104668,1063],{"class":96},[45,104670,118],{"class":59},[20,104672,1006,104673,104675],{},[15,104674,4025],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[31,104677,104679],{"id":104678},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104681,104682,104684],{},[15,104683,4025],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104686,30695],{},[258,104688,104689,104692,104695,104698],{},[261,104690,104691],{},"A set stores unique items only",[261,104693,104694],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[261,104696,104697],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[261,104699,104700],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104702,361],{},[36,104704,104706],{"className":38,"code":104705,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104707,104708,104748,104763,104767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104709,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734,104736,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104711,13274],{"class":51},[45,104713,56],{"class":55},[45,104715,1427],{"class":59},[45,104717,64],{"class":63},[45,104719,13291],{"class":67},[45,104721,64],{"class":63},[45,104723,84],{"class":59},[45,104725,76],{"class":63},[45,104727,703],{"class":67},[45,104729,64],{"class":63},[45,104731,84],{"class":59},[45,104733,76],{"class":63},[45,104735,13291],{"class":67},[45,104737,64],{"class":63},[45,104739,84],{"class":59},[45,104741,76],{"class":63},[45,104743,17637],{"class":67},[45,104745,64],{"class":63},[45,104747,244],{"class":59},[45,104749,104750,104753,104755,104757,104759,104761],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104751,104752],{"class":51},"unique_colors ",[45,104754,56],{"class":55},[45,104756,15827],{"class":171},[45,104758,156],{"class":59},[45,104760,17684],{"class":135},[45,104762,161],{"class":59},[45,104764,104765],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104766,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,104768,104769,104771,104773,104776],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,104770,153],{"class":152},[45,104772,156],{"class":59},[45,104774,104775],{"class":135},"unique_colors",[45,104777,161],{"class":59},[20,104779,30185],{},[36,104781,104783],{"className":38,"code":104782,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104784,104785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104786,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809,104811],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104788,9495],{"class":59},[45,104790,198],{"class":63},[45,104792,703],{"class":67},[45,104794,198],{"class":63},[45,104796,84],{"class":59},[45,104798,211],{"class":63},[45,104800,17637],{"class":67},[45,104802,198],{"class":63},[45,104804,84],{"class":59},[45,104806,211],{"class":63},[45,104808,13291],{"class":67},[45,104810,198],{"class":63},[45,104812,118],{"class":59},[20,104814,2515,104815,104817],{},[15,104816,65399],{}," appears only once.",[20,104819,104820,104821,132],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[277,104822,96338],{"href":96337},[31,104824,284],{"id":283},[20,104826,2389],{},[36,104828,104830],{"className":38,"code":104829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104831,104832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104835,6508],{"class":171},[45,104837,156],{"class":59},[45,104839,3948],{"class":135},[45,104841,161],{"class":59},[20,104843,104844],{},"The argument is optional.",[258,104846,104847,104850],{},[261,104848,104849],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[261,104851,104852],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104854,104855,104856,73],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104857,4025],{},[258,104859,104860,104862,104864,104866,104870],{},[261,104861,172],{},[261,104863,48955],{},[261,104865,61180],{},[261,104867,104868],{},[15,104869,36193],{},[261,104871,104872],{},"another set",[20,104874,1201],{},[36,104876,104878],{"className":38,"code":104877,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104879,104880,104906,104928,104946],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104881,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892,104894,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104883,153],{"class":152},[45,104885,156],{"class":59},[45,104887,6508],{"class":171},[45,104889,195],{"class":59},[45,104891,1430],{"class":96},[45,104893,84],{"class":59},[45,104895,1035],{"class":96},[45,104897,84],{"class":59},[45,104899,1035],{"class":96},[45,104901,84],{"class":59},[45,104903,1063],{"class":96},[45,104905,3229],{"class":59},[45,104907,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104909,153],{"class":152},[45,104911,156],{"class":59},[45,104913,6508],{"class":171},[45,104915,5731],{"class":59},[45,104917,2560],{"class":96},[45,104919,84],{"class":59},[45,104921,97],{"class":96},[45,104923,84],{"class":59},[45,104925,6225],{"class":96},[45,104927,3143],{"class":59},[45,104929,104930,104932,104934,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,104931,153],{"class":152},[45,104933,156],{"class":59},[45,104935,6508],{"class":171},[45,104937,156],{"class":59},[45,104939,64],{"class":63},[45,104941,4073],{"class":67},[45,104943,64],{"class":63},[45,104945,179],{"class":59},[45,104947,104948,104950,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,104949,153],{"class":152},[45,104951,156],{"class":59},[45,104953,6508],{"class":171},[45,104955,156],{"class":59},[45,104957,60004],{"class":152},[45,104959,156],{"class":59},[45,104961,2734],{"class":96},[45,104963,3143],{"class":59},[20,104965,30185],{},[36,104967,104969],{"className":38,"code":104968,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104970,104971,104987,104999,105035],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,104972,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,104974,9495],{"class":59},[45,104976,1430],{"class":96},[45,104978,84],{"class":59},[45,104980,1035],{"class":96},[45,104982,84],{"class":59},[45,104984,1063],{"class":96},[45,104986,118],{"class":59},[45,104988,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,104990,9495],{"class":59},[45,104992,2560],{"class":96},[45,104994,84],{"class":59},[45,104996,97],{"class":96},[45,104998,118],{"class":59},[45,105000,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105002,9495],{"class":59},[45,105004,198],{"class":63},[45,105006,60444],{"class":67},[45,105008,198],{"class":63},[45,105010,84],{"class":59},[45,105012,211],{"class":63},[45,105014,60453],{"class":67},[45,105016,198],{"class":63},[45,105018,84],{"class":59},[45,105020,211],{"class":63},[45,105022,60462],{"class":67},[45,105024,198],{"class":63},[45,105026,84],{"class":59},[45,105028,211],{"class":63},[45,105030,60479],{"class":67},[45,105032,198],{"class":63},[45,105034,118],{"class":59},[45,105036,105037,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,105038,9495],{"class":59},[45,105040,1117],{"class":96},[45,105042,84],{"class":59},[45,105044,1049],{"class":96},[45,105046,84],{"class":59},[45,105048,1035],{"class":96},[45,105050,84],{"class":59},[45,105052,1063],{"class":96},[45,105054,118],{"class":59},[20,105056,105057,105058,132],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[277,105059,105060],{"href":64854},"Python list() function explained",[31,105062,105064],{"id":105063},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105066,98290],{},[36,105068,105069],{"className":38,"code":99255,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,105070,105071,105081,105091],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105072,105073,105075,105077,105079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105074,98300],{"class":51},[45,105076,56],{"class":55},[45,105078,15827],{"class":171},[45,105080,139],{"class":59},[45,105082,105083,105085,105087,105089],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105084,153],{"class":152},[45,105086,156],{"class":59},[45,105088,98319],{"class":135},[45,105090,161],{"class":59},[45,105092,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105094,153],{"class":152},[45,105096,156],{"class":59},[45,105098,1478],{"class":171},[45,105100,156],{"class":59},[45,105102,98319],{"class":135},[45,105104,179],{"class":59},[20,105106,182],{},[36,105108,105109],{"className":38,"code":99298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,105110,105111,105117],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105112,105113,105115],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105114,6508],{"class":171},[45,105116,139],{"class":59},[45,105118,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105120,1594],{"class":55},[45,105122,1598],{"class":1597},[45,105124,211],{"class":63},[45,105126,6508],{"class":67},[45,105128,198],{"class":63},[45,105130,1607],{"class":55},[20,105132,105133],{},"This is important because:",[258,105135,105136,105141],{},[261,105137,105138,105140],{},[15,105139,4025],{}," creates an empty set",[261,105142,105143,105145,105146,105148],{},[15,105144,4020],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[355,105147,4854],{}," a set",[20,105150,361],{},[36,105152,105154],{"className":38,"code":105153,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105155,105156,105166,105174,105178,105192],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105157,105158,105160,105162,105164],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105159,2784],{"class":51},[45,105161,56],{"class":55},[45,105163,15827],{"class":171},[45,105165,139],{"class":59},[45,105167,105168,105170,105172],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105169,2812],{"class":51},[45,105171,56],{"class":55},[45,105173,10050],{"class":59},[45,105175,105176],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105177,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,105179,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,105181,153],{"class":152},[45,105183,156],{"class":59},[45,105185,1478],{"class":171},[45,105187,156],{"class":59},[45,105189,277],{"class":135},[45,105191,179],{"class":59},[45,105193,105194,105196,105198,105200,105202,105204],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,105195,153],{"class":152},[45,105197,156],{"class":59},[45,105199,1478],{"class":171},[45,105201,156],{"class":59},[45,105203,1930],{"class":135},[45,105205,179],{"class":59},[20,105207,182],{},[36,105209,105211],{"className":38,"code":105210,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105212,105213,105227],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105214,105215,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105216,1594],{"class":55},[45,105218,1598],{"class":1597},[45,105220,211],{"class":63},[45,105222,6508],{"class":67},[45,105224,198],{"class":63},[45,105226,1607],{"class":55},[45,105228,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105230,1594],{"class":55},[45,105232,1598],{"class":1597},[45,105234,211],{"class":63},[45,105236,9039],{"class":67},[45,105238,198],{"class":63},[45,105240,1607],{"class":55},[20,105242,14241],{},[20,105244,105245,105246,132],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[277,105247,104502],{"href":96341},[31,105249,105251],{"id":105250},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1398,105253,105255],{"id":105254},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105257,105258,105259,132],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105260,4025],{},[36,105262,105264],{"className":38,"code":105263,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105265,105266,105298,105312,105316],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105267,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105269,3846],{"class":51},[45,105271,56],{"class":55},[45,105273,1427],{"class":59},[45,105275,1430],{"class":96},[45,105277,84],{"class":59},[45,105279,1035],{"class":96},[45,105281,84],{"class":59},[45,105283,1035],{"class":96},[45,105285,84],{"class":59},[45,105287,1063],{"class":96},[45,105289,84],{"class":59},[45,105291,1063],{"class":96},[45,105293,84],{"class":59},[45,105295,1063],{"class":96},[45,105297,244],{"class":59},[45,105299,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105301,716],{"class":51},[45,105303,56],{"class":55},[45,105305,15827],{"class":171},[45,105307,156],{"class":59},[45,105309,3876],{"class":135},[45,105311,161],{"class":59},[45,105313,105314],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105315,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,105317,105318,105320,105322,105324],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,105319,153],{"class":152},[45,105321,156],{"class":59},[45,105323,740],{"class":135},[45,105325,161],{"class":59},[20,105327,182],{},[36,105329,105330],{"className":38,"code":96617,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,105331,105332],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105333,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342,105344,105346],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105335,9495],{"class":59},[45,105337,1430],{"class":96},[45,105339,84],{"class":59},[45,105341,1035],{"class":96},[45,105343,84],{"class":59},[45,105345,1063],{"class":96},[45,105347,118],{"class":59},[20,105349,105350,105351,132],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[277,105352,99088],{"href":105353},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1398,105355,105357],{"id":105356},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[36,105359,105361],{"className":38,"code":105360,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105362,105363,105387,105401,105405],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105364,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105366,124],{"class":51},[45,105368,56],{"class":55},[45,105370,9453],{"class":59},[45,105372,2366],{"class":96},[45,105374,84],{"class":59},[45,105376,4828],{"class":96},[45,105378,84],{"class":59},[45,105380,6225],{"class":96},[45,105382,84],{"class":59},[45,105384,37933],{"class":96},[45,105386,161],{"class":59},[45,105388,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105390,716],{"class":51},[45,105392,56],{"class":55},[45,105394,15827],{"class":171},[45,105396,156],{"class":59},[45,105398,136],{"class":135},[45,105400,161],{"class":59},[45,105402,105403],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105404,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,105406,105407,105409,105411,105413],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,105408,153],{"class":152},[45,105410,156],{"class":59},[45,105412,740],{"class":135},[45,105414,161],{"class":59},[20,105416,182],{},[36,105418,105420],{"className":38,"code":105419,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105421,105422],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105423,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105425,9495],{"class":59},[45,105427,2366],{"class":96},[45,105429,84],{"class":59},[45,105431,6225],{"class":96},[45,105433,84],{"class":59},[45,105435,37933],{"class":96},[45,105437,118],{"class":59},[1398,105439,105441],{"id":105440},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105443,51130,105444,105446],{},[15,105445,4025],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[36,105448,105450],{"className":38,"code":105449,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105451,105452,105464,105478,105482],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105453,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105455,34680],{"class":51},[45,105457,56],{"class":55},[45,105459,76],{"class":63},[45,105461,1042],{"class":67},[45,105463,468],{"class":63},[45,105465,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474,105476],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105467,716],{"class":51},[45,105469,56],{"class":55},[45,105471,15827],{"class":171},[45,105473,156],{"class":59},[45,105475,34701],{"class":135},[45,105477,161],{"class":59},[45,105479,105480],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105481,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,105483,105484,105486,105488,105490],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,105485,153],{"class":152},[45,105487,156],{"class":59},[45,105489,740],{"class":135},[45,105491,161],{"class":59},[20,105493,30185],{},[36,105495,105497],{"className":38,"code":105496,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105498,105499],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105500,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105502,9495],{"class":59},[45,105504,198],{"class":63},[45,105506,1930],{"class":67},[45,105508,198],{"class":63},[45,105510,84],{"class":59},[45,105512,211],{"class":63},[45,105514,277],{"class":67},[45,105516,198],{"class":63},[45,105518,84],{"class":59},[45,105520,211],{"class":63},[45,105522,76037],{"class":67},[45,105524,198],{"class":63},[45,105526,118],{"class":59},[20,105528,105529],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1398,105531,105533],{"id":105532},"from-range","From range()",[36,105535,105537],{"className":38,"code":105536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105538,105539,105557],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105540,105541,105543,105545,105547,105549,105551,105553,105555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105542,716],{"class":51},[45,105544,56],{"class":55},[45,105546,15827],{"class":171},[45,105548,156],{"class":59},[45,105550,60004],{"class":152},[45,105552,156],{"class":59},[45,105554,2366],{"class":96},[45,105556,179],{"class":59},[45,105558,105559,105561,105563,105565],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105560,153],{"class":152},[45,105562,156],{"class":59},[45,105564,740],{"class":135},[45,105566,161],{"class":59},[20,105568,182],{},[36,105570,105572],{"className":38,"code":105571,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105573,105574],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105575,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594,105596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105577,9495],{"class":59},[45,105579,1117],{"class":96},[45,105581,84],{"class":59},[45,105583,1049],{"class":96},[45,105585,84],{"class":59},[45,105587,1035],{"class":96},[45,105589,84],{"class":59},[45,105591,1063],{"class":96},[45,105593,84],{"class":59},[45,105595,2687],{"class":96},[45,105597,118],{"class":59},[31,105599,105601],{"id":105600},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105603,99535,105604,132],{},[355,105605,96381],{},[20,105607,105608],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105610,99541],{},[258,105612,105613,105617,105621,105625],{},[261,105614,105615],{},[15,105616,2418],{},[261,105618,105619],{},[15,105620,3669],{},[261,105622,105623],{},[15,105624,2422],{},[261,105626,105627,105629],{},[15,105628,48955],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105631,361],{},[36,105633,105635],{"className":38,"code":105634,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105636,105637,105668],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105640,8001],{"class":51},[45,105642,56],{"class":55},[45,105644,60],{"class":59},[45,105646,1430],{"class":96},[45,105648,84],{"class":59},[45,105650,76],{"class":63},[45,105652,4073],{"class":67},[45,105654,64],{"class":63},[45,105656,84],{"class":59},[45,105658,9453],{"class":59},[45,105660,2560],{"class":96},[45,105662,84],{"class":59},[45,105664,97],{"class":96},[45,105666,105667],{"class":59},")}\n",[45,105669,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105671,153],{"class":152},[45,105673,156],{"class":59},[45,105675,1289],{"class":135},[45,105677,161],{"class":59},[20,105679,99603,105680,105682],{},[355,105681,4854],{}," work inside a set:",[258,105684,105685,105689,105693],{},[261,105686,105687],{},[15,105688,172],{},[261,105690,105691],{},[15,105692,9039],{},[261,105694,105695],{},[15,105696,6508],{},[20,105698,97106],{},[36,105700,105702],{"className":38,"code":105701,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105703,105704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105705,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726,105728],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105707,99622],{"class":51},[45,105709,56],{"class":55},[45,105711,99627],{"class":59},[45,105713,1430],{"class":96},[45,105715,84],{"class":59},[45,105717,1035],{"class":96},[45,105719,18243],{"class":59},[45,105721,1427],{"class":59},[45,105723,2294],{"class":96},[45,105725,84],{"class":59},[45,105727,2687],{"class":96},[45,105729,13898],{"class":59},[20,105731,76865,105732,105734],{},[15,105733,3235],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105736,105737],{},"A safer example:",[36,105739,105741],{"className":38,"code":105740,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105742,105743,105771],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105744,105745,105748,105750,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763,105765,105767,105769],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105746,105747],{"class":51},"good_set ",[45,105749,56],{"class":55},[45,105751,105752],{"class":59}," {(",[45,105754,1430],{"class":96},[45,105756,84],{"class":59},[45,105758,1035],{"class":96},[45,105760,9450],{"class":59},[45,105762,9453],{"class":59},[45,105764,2294],{"class":96},[45,105766,84],{"class":59},[45,105768,2687],{"class":96},[45,105770,105667],{"class":59},[45,105772,105773,105775,105777,105780],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105774,153],{"class":152},[45,105776,156],{"class":59},[45,105778,105779],{"class":135},"good_set",[45,105781,161],{"class":59},[20,105783,182],{},[36,105785,105787],{"className":38,"code":105786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105788,105789],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105790,105791,105794,105796,105798,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105792,105793],{"class":59},"{(",[45,105795,1430],{"class":96},[45,105797,84],{"class":59},[45,105799,1035],{"class":96},[45,105801,9450],{"class":59},[45,105803,9453],{"class":59},[45,105805,2294],{"class":96},[45,105807,84],{"class":59},[45,105809,2687],{"class":96},[45,105811,105667],{"class":59},[31,105813,105815],{"id":105814},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105817,1006,105818,10811],{},[15,105819,4025],{},[258,105821,105822,105825,105830,105833],{},[261,105823,105824],{},"you need unique values only",[261,105826,105827,105828],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105829,927],{},[261,105831,105832],{},"order does not matter",[261,105834,105835],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105837,105838],{},"Example of membership checking:",[36,105840,105842],{"className":38,"code":105841,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105843,105844,105869,105873,105889],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105845,105846,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105859,105862,105864,105867],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105847,105848],{"class":51},"allowed_ids ",[45,105850,56],{"class":55},[45,105852,15827],{"class":171},[45,105854,195],{"class":59},[45,105856,46593],{"class":96},[45,105858,84],{"class":59},[45,105860,105861],{"class":96}," 102",[45,105863,84],{"class":59},[45,105865,105866],{"class":96}," 103",[45,105868,218],{"class":59},[45,105870,105871],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105872,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,105874,105875,105877,105879,105882,105884,105887],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,105876,153],{"class":152},[45,105878,156],{"class":59},[45,105880,105881],{"class":96},"102",[45,105883,21352],{"class":921},[45,105885,105886],{"class":135}," allowed_ids",[45,105888,161],{"class":59},[45,105890,105891,105893,105895,105898,105900,105902],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,105892,153],{"class":152},[45,105894,156],{"class":59},[45,105896,105897],{"class":96},"999",[45,105899,21352],{"class":921},[45,105901,105886],{"class":135},[45,105903,161],{"class":59},[20,105905,182],{},[36,105907,105908],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,105909,105910,105914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105911,105912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105913,4205],{"class":4080},[45,105915,105916],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105917,4266],{"class":4080},[20,105919,105920],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[31,105922,105924],{"id":105923},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105926,105927],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1398,105929,1006,105931,98232],{"id":105930},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105932,4025],{},[36,105934,105935],{"className":38,"code":98293,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,105936,105937,105947],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105938,105939,105941,105943,105945],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105940,98300],{"class":51},[45,105942,56],{"class":55},[45,105944,15827],{"class":171},[45,105946,139],{"class":59},[45,105948,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,105950,153],{"class":152},[45,105952,156],{"class":59},[45,105954,1478],{"class":171},[45,105956,156],{"class":59},[45,105958,98319],{"class":135},[45,105960,179],{"class":59},[20,105962,182],{},[36,105964,105965],{"className":38,"code":9070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,105966,105967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105968,105969,105971,105973,105975,105977,105979],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105970,1594],{"class":55},[45,105972,1598],{"class":1597},[45,105974,211],{"class":63},[45,105976,6508],{"class":67},[45,105978,198],{"class":63},[45,105980,1607],{"class":55},[1398,105982,1006,105984,105986],{"id":105983},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105985,100292],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[36,105988,105990],{"className":38,"code":105989,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105991,105992,106012],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,105993,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,105995,3846],{"class":51},[45,105997,56],{"class":55},[45,105999,60],{"class":59},[45,106001,1430],{"class":96},[45,106003,84],{"class":59},[45,106005,1035],{"class":96},[45,106007,84],{"class":59},[45,106009,1063],{"class":96},[45,106011,118],{"class":59},[45,106013,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106015,153],{"class":152},[45,106017,156],{"class":59},[45,106019,1478],{"class":171},[45,106021,156],{"class":59},[45,106023,3876],{"class":135},[45,106025,179],{"class":59},[20,106027,182],{},[36,106029,106030],{"className":38,"code":9070,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,106031,106032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106033,106034,106036,106038,106040,106042,106044],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106035,1594],{"class":55},[45,106037,1598],{"class":1597},[45,106039,211],{"class":63},[45,106041,6508],{"class":67},[45,106043,198],{"class":63},[45,106045,1607],{"class":55},[1398,106047,1006,106049,106051],{"id":106048},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106050,4020],{}," for an empty dictionary",[36,106053,106055],{"className":38,"code":106054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106056,106057,106066],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106058,106059,106062,106064],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106060,106061],{"class":51},"empty_dict ",[45,106063,56],{"class":55},[45,106065,10050],{"class":59},[45,106067,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106079],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106069,153],{"class":152},[45,106071,156],{"class":59},[45,106073,1478],{"class":171},[45,106075,156],{"class":59},[45,106077,106078],{"class":135},"empty_dict",[45,106080,179],{"class":59},[20,106082,182],{},[36,106084,106085],{"className":38,"code":9026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,106086,106087],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106088,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106090,1594],{"class":55},[45,106092,1598],{"class":1597},[45,106094,211],{"class":63},[45,106096,9039],{"class":67},[45,106098,198],{"class":63},[45,106100,1607],{"class":55},[20,106102,106103],{},"So the rule is simple:",[258,106105,106106,106111,106116],{},[261,106107,106108,106110],{},[15,106109,4025],{}," → empty set",[261,106112,106113,106115],{},[15,106114,100292],{}," → non-empty set",[261,106117,106118,106120],{},[15,106119,4020],{}," → empty dictionary",[31,106122,3061],{"id":3060},[20,106124,106125,106126,132],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106127,4025],{},[1398,106129,1797,106130,99890],{"id":99887},[15,106131,4020],{},[20,106133,106134],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[36,106136,106137],{"className":38,"code":99896,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,106138,106139,106147],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106140,106141,106143,106145],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106142,2677],{"class":51},[45,106144,56],{"class":55},[45,106146,10050],{"class":59},[45,106148,106149,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106150,153],{"class":152},[45,106152,156],{"class":59},[45,106154,1478],{"class":171},[45,106156,156],{"class":59},[45,106158,947],{"class":135},[45,106160,179],{"class":59},[1398,106162,106164,106165],{"id":106163},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106166,106167],{},"set(5)",[20,106169,106170,106172],{},[15,106171,4025],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[36,106174,106176],{"className":38,"code":106175,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set(5)\n",[15,106177,106178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106179,106180,106182,106184,106186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106181,6508],{"class":171},[45,106183,156],{"class":59},[45,106185,2366],{"class":96},[45,106187,161],{"class":59},[20,106189,3232,106190,106192,106193,132],{},[15,106191,3235],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[277,106194,106196],{"href":106195},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1398,106198,106200],{"id":106199},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106202,106203],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[36,106205,106207],{"className":38,"code":106206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106208,106209],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106210,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219,106221,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106212,2677],{"class":51},[45,106214,56],{"class":55},[45,106216,99627],{"class":59},[45,106218,1430],{"class":96},[45,106220,84],{"class":59},[45,106222,1035],{"class":96},[45,106224,18243],{"class":59},[45,106226,1427],{"class":59},[45,106228,2294],{"class":96},[45,106230,84],{"class":59},[45,106232,2687],{"class":96},[45,106234,13898],{"class":59},[1398,106236,8670,106238,106240],{"id":106237},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106239,4025],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106242,106243],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1398,106245,37200,106247,8922,106249,995,106251],{"id":106246},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106248,4025],{},[15,106250,24947],{},[15,106252,9338],{},[20,106254,106255],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[31,106257,60716],{"id":60715},[20,106259,11320],{},[36,106261,106263],{"className":38,"code":106262,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106264,106265,106280,106290,106304],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106266,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106278],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106268,153],{"class":152},[45,106270,156],{"class":59},[45,106272,1478],{"class":171},[45,106274,156],{"class":59},[45,106276,106277],{"class":135},"my_value",[45,106279,179],{"class":59},[45,106281,106282,106284,106286,106288],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106283,153],{"class":152},[45,106285,156],{"class":59},[45,106287,106277],{"class":135},[45,106289,161],{"class":59},[45,106291,106292,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,106293,153],{"class":152},[45,106295,156],{"class":59},[45,106297,172],{"class":171},[45,106299,156],{"class":59},[45,106301,15860],{"class":135},[45,106303,179],{"class":59},[45,106305,106306,106308,106310,106312,106314,106316],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,106307,153],{"class":152},[45,106309,156],{"class":59},[45,106311,11369],{"class":152},[45,106313,156],{"class":59},[45,106315,15860],{"class":135},[45,106317,179],{"class":59},[20,106319,106320],{},"What they help you see:",[258,106322,106323,106329,106334,106340],{},[261,106324,106325,106328],{},[15,106326,106327],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[261,106330,106331,90556],{},[15,106332,106333],{},"print(my_value)",[261,106335,106336,106339],{},[15,106337,106338],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[261,106341,106342,106345],{},[15,106343,106344],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[31,106347,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,106349,106351],{"id":106350},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106353,106354],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1398,106356,106358],{"id":106357},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106360,1006,106361,106363,106364,106366],{},[15,106362,4025],{},". Do not use ",[15,106365,4020],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1398,106368,106370],{"id":106369},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106372,106373],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1398,106375,106377],{"id":106376},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106379,106380],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106382,361],{},[36,106384,106386],{"className":38,"code":106385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106387,106388],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106389,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398,106400,106402,106404],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106391,153],{"class":152},[45,106393,156],{"class":59},[45,106395,6508],{"class":171},[45,106397,156],{"class":59},[45,106399,64],{"class":63},[45,106401,1028],{"class":67},[45,106403,64],{"class":63},[45,106405,179],{"class":59},[20,106407,30185],{},[36,106409,106411],{"className":38,"code":106410,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106412,106413],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106414,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106416,9495],{"class":59},[45,106418,198],{"class":63},[45,106420,277],{"class":67},[45,106422,198],{"class":63},[45,106424,84],{"class":59},[45,106426,211],{"class":63},[45,106428,20],{"class":67},[45,106430,198],{"class":63},[45,106432,84],{"class":59},[45,106434,211],{"class":63},[45,106436,60462],{"class":67},[45,106438,198],{"class":63},[45,106440,84],{"class":59},[45,106442,211],{"class":63},[45,106444,60453],{"class":67},[45,106446,198],{"class":63},[45,106448,118],{"class":59},[1398,106450,5378,106452,106455],{"id":106451},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106453,106454],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106457,106458,28842,106460,106463],{},[15,106459,4025],{},[355,106461,106462],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106465,106466],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[36,106468,106470],{"className":38,"code":106469,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106471,106472],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106473,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106475,153],{"class":152},[45,106477,156],{"class":59},[45,106479,6508],{"class":171},[45,106481,195],{"class":59},[45,106483,1430],{"class":96},[45,106485,84],{"class":59},[45,106487,1035],{"class":96},[45,106489,84],{"class":59},[45,106491,1063],{"class":96},[45,106493,84],{"class":59},[45,106495,2687],{"class":96},[45,106497,3229],{"class":59},[31,106499,2114],{"id":2113},[258,106501,106502,106506,106510,106514,106518],{},[261,106503,106504],{},[277,106505,96338],{"href":96337},[261,106507,106508],{},[277,106509,104502],{"href":96341},[261,106511,106512],{},[277,106513,100354],{"href":105353},[261,106515,106516],{},[277,106517,105060],{"href":64854},[261,106519,106520],{},[277,106521,106196],{"href":106195},[2154,106523,106524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":106526},[106527,106528,106529,106530,106531,106537,106538,106539,106547,106557,106558,106566],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":104678,"depth":121,"text":104679},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":105063,"depth":121,"text":105064},{"id":105250,"depth":121,"text":105251,"children":106532},[106533,106534,106535,106536],{"id":105254,"depth":142,"text":105255},{"id":105356,"depth":142,"text":105357},{"id":105440,"depth":142,"text":105441},{"id":105532,"depth":142,"text":105533},{"id":105600,"depth":121,"text":105601},{"id":105814,"depth":121,"text":105815},{"id":105923,"depth":121,"text":105924,"children":106540},[106541,106543,106545],{"id":105930,"depth":142,"text":106542},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105983,"depth":142,"text":106544},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106048,"depth":142,"text":106546},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":106548},[106549,106550,106552,106553,106555],{"id":99887,"depth":142,"text":100395},{"id":106163,"depth":142,"text":106551},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106199,"depth":142,"text":106200},{"id":106237,"depth":142,"text":106554},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106246,"depth":142,"text":106556},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60715,"depth":121,"text":60716},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":106559},[106560,106561,106562,106563,106564],{"id":106350,"depth":142,"text":106351},{"id":106357,"depth":142,"text":106358},{"id":106369,"depth":142,"text":106370},{"id":106376,"depth":142,"text":106377},{"id":106451,"depth":142,"text":106565},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104560,"description":106567},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106574,"title":106575,"body":106576,"description":108091,"extension":2195,"meta":108092,"navigation":145,"path":108093,"seo":108094,"stem":108095,"__hash__":108096},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106577,"toc":108067},[106578,106584,106589,106592,106675,106680,106685,106690,106692,106705,106709,106711,106730,106733,106756,106759,106770,106772,106853,106855,106872,106874,106880,106883,106978,106980,107011,107013,107021,107023,107026,107137,107139,107164,107166,107188,107193,107198,107204,107313,107315,107331,107334,107337,107420,107422,107439,107447,107449,107453,107459,107550,107552,107585,107590,107597,107674,107676,107693,107699,107701,107705,107721,107724,107750,107752,107813,107815,107938,107940,107991,107997,107999,108004,108006,108012,108015,108019,108022,108026,108029,108039,108041,108064],[10,106579,3802,106581,18],{"id":106580},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106582,106583],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106585,2212,106586,106588],{},[15,106587,106583],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106590,106591],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[36,106593,106595],{"className":38,"code":106594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106596,106597,106617,106637,106641,106660,106670],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106598,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106600,2784],{"class":51},[45,106602,56],{"class":55},[45,106604,60],{"class":59},[45,106606,1430],{"class":96},[45,106608,84],{"class":59},[45,106610,1035],{"class":96},[45,106612,84],{"class":59},[45,106614,1063],{"class":96},[45,106616,118],{"class":59},[45,106618,106619,106621,106623,106625,106627,106629,106631,106633,106635],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106620,2812],{"class":51},[45,106622,56],{"class":55},[45,106624,60],{"class":59},[45,106626,1133],{"class":96},[45,106628,84],{"class":59},[45,106630,1063],{"class":96},[45,106632,84],{"class":59},[45,106634,2687],{"class":96},[45,106636,118],{"class":59},[45,106638,106639],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,106640,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,106642,106643,106645,106647,106649,106651,106654,106656,106658],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,106644,716],{"class":51},[45,106646,56],{"class":55},[45,106648,56892],{"class":51},[45,106650,132],{"class":59},[45,106652,106653],{"class":135},"intersection",[45,106655,156],{"class":59},[45,106657,1930],{"class":135},[45,106659,161],{"class":59},[45,106661,106662,106664,106666,106668],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,106663,153],{"class":152},[45,106665,156],{"class":59},[45,106667,740],{"class":135},[45,106669,161],{"class":59},[45,106671,106672],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,106673,106674],{"class":1712},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106676,1006,106677,106679],{},[15,106678,102801],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[31,106681,13195,106683,13198],{"id":106682},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106684,102801],{},[20,106686,106687,106689],{},[15,106688,102801],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106691,303],{},[258,106693,106694,106697,106699,106702],{},[261,106695,106696],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[261,106698,100571],{},[261,106700,106701],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[261,106703,106704],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106706,96334,106707,132],{},[277,106708,96338],{"href":96337},[31,106710,284],{"id":283},[36,106712,106714],{"className":38,"code":106713,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106715,106716],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106717,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726,106728],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106719,100595],{"class":51},[45,106721,132],{"class":59},[45,106723,106653],{"class":135},[45,106725,156],{"class":59},[45,106727,100604],{"class":135},[45,106729,161],{"class":59},[20,106731,106732],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[36,106734,106736],{"className":38,"code":106735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106737,106738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106739,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750,106752,106754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106741,100595],{"class":51},[45,106743,132],{"class":59},[45,106745,106653],{"class":135},[45,106747,156],{"class":59},[45,106749,100604],{"class":135},[45,106751,84],{"class":59},[45,106753,100631],{"class":135},[45,106755,161],{"class":59},[20,106757,106758],{},"Important notes:",[258,106760,106761,106764,106767],{},[261,106762,106763],{},"The result is always a new set",[261,106765,106766],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[261,106768,106769],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106771,361],{},[36,106773,106775],{"className":38,"code":106774,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106776,106777,106801,106821,106825,106843],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106778,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106780,2784],{"class":51},[45,106782,56],{"class":55},[45,106784,60],{"class":59},[45,106786,1430],{"class":96},[45,106788,84],{"class":59},[45,106790,1035],{"class":96},[45,106792,84],{"class":59},[45,106794,1063],{"class":96},[45,106796,84],{"class":59},[45,106798,2687],{"class":96},[45,106800,118],{"class":59},[45,106802,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106804,2812],{"class":51},[45,106806,56],{"class":55},[45,106808,60],{"class":59},[45,106810,2294],{"class":96},[45,106812,84],{"class":59},[45,106814,2687],{"class":96},[45,106816,84],{"class":59},[45,106818,4828],{"class":96},[45,106820,118],{"class":59},[45,106822,106823],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,106824,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,106826,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839,106841],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,106828,716],{"class":51},[45,106830,56],{"class":55},[45,106832,56892],{"class":51},[45,106834,132],{"class":59},[45,106836,106653],{"class":135},[45,106838,156],{"class":59},[45,106840,1930],{"class":135},[45,106842,161],{"class":59},[45,106844,106845,106847,106849,106851],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,106846,153],{"class":152},[45,106848,156],{"class":59},[45,106850,740],{"class":135},[45,106852,161],{"class":59},[20,106854,182],{},[36,106856,106858],{"className":38,"code":106857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106859,106860],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106861,106862,106864,106866,106868,106870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106863,9495],{"class":59},[45,106865,2294],{"class":96},[45,106867,84],{"class":59},[45,106869,2687],{"class":96},[45,106871,118],{"class":59},[31,106873,17601],{"id":17600},[20,106875,106876,347,106878,132],{},[15,106877,102801],{},[355,106879,6508],{},[20,106881,106882],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[36,106884,106886],{"className":38,"code":106885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106887,106888,106908,106928,106932,106950,106954,106964],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106889,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106891,2784],{"class":51},[45,106893,56],{"class":55},[45,106895,60],{"class":59},[45,106897,1430],{"class":96},[45,106899,84],{"class":59},[45,106901,1035],{"class":96},[45,106903,84],{"class":59},[45,106905,1063],{"class":96},[45,106907,118],{"class":59},[45,106909,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,106911,2812],{"class":51},[45,106913,56],{"class":55},[45,106915,60],{"class":59},[45,106917,1133],{"class":96},[45,106919,84],{"class":59},[45,106921,1063],{"class":96},[45,106923,84],{"class":59},[45,106925,2687],{"class":96},[45,106927,118],{"class":59},[45,106929,106930],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,106931,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,106933,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,106935,716],{"class":51},[45,106937,56],{"class":55},[45,106939,56892],{"class":51},[45,106941,132],{"class":59},[45,106943,106653],{"class":135},[45,106945,156],{"class":59},[45,106947,1930],{"class":135},[45,106949,161],{"class":59},[45,106951,106952],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,106953,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,106957,153],{"class":152},[45,106959,156],{"class":59},[45,106961,740],{"class":135},[45,106963,161],{"class":59},[45,106965,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,106967,153],{"class":152},[45,106969,156],{"class":59},[45,106971,1478],{"class":171},[45,106973,156],{"class":59},[45,106975,740],{"class":135},[45,106977,179],{"class":59},[20,106979,182],{},[36,106981,106983],{"className":38,"code":106982,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106984,106985,106997],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,106986,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,106988,9495],{"class":59},[45,106990,1133],{"class":96},[45,106992,84],{"class":59},[45,106994,1063],{"class":96},[45,106996,118],{"class":59},[45,106998,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107000,1594],{"class":55},[45,107002,1598],{"class":1597},[45,107004,211],{"class":63},[45,107006,6508],{"class":67},[45,107008,198],{"class":63},[45,107010,1607],{"class":55},[20,107012,85819],{},[258,107014,107015,107018],{},[261,107016,107017],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[261,107019,107020],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[31,107022,640],{"id":639},[20,107024,107025],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[36,107027,107029],{"className":38,"code":107028,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107030,107031,107064,107097,107101,107122,107126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107032,107033,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107034,107035],{"class":51},"colors1 ",[45,107037,56],{"class":55},[45,107039,60],{"class":59},[45,107041,64],{"class":63},[45,107043,13291],{"class":67},[45,107045,64],{"class":63},[45,107047,84],{"class":59},[45,107049,76],{"class":63},[45,107051,703],{"class":67},[45,107053,64],{"class":63},[45,107055,84],{"class":59},[45,107057,76],{"class":63},[45,107059,17637],{"class":67},[45,107061,64],{"class":63},[45,107063,118],{"class":59},[45,107065,107066,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107067,107068],{"class":51},"colors2 ",[45,107070,56],{"class":55},[45,107072,60],{"class":59},[45,107074,64],{"class":63},[45,107076,17637],{"class":67},[45,107078,64],{"class":63},[45,107080,84],{"class":59},[45,107082,76],{"class":63},[45,107084,22698],{"class":67},[45,107086,64],{"class":63},[45,107088,84],{"class":59},[45,107090,76],{"class":63},[45,107092,703],{"class":67},[45,107094,64],{"class":63},[45,107096,118],{"class":59},[45,107098,107099],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107100,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107102,107103,107106,107108,107111,107113,107115,107117,107120],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107104,107105],{"class":51},"common_colors ",[45,107107,56],{"class":55},[45,107109,107110],{"class":51}," colors1",[45,107112,132],{"class":59},[45,107114,106653],{"class":135},[45,107116,156],{"class":59},[45,107118,107119],{"class":135},"colors2",[45,107121,161],{"class":59},[45,107123,107124],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,107125,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107127,107128,107130,107132,107135],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,107129,153],{"class":152},[45,107131,156],{"class":59},[45,107133,107134],{"class":135},"common_colors",[45,107136,161],{"class":59},[20,107138,182],{},[36,107140,107142],{"className":38,"code":107141,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107143,107144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107145,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156,107158,107160,107162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107147,9495],{"class":59},[45,107149,198],{"class":63},[45,107151,703],{"class":67},[45,107153,198],{"class":63},[45,107155,84],{"class":59},[45,107157,211],{"class":63},[45,107159,17637],{"class":67},[45,107161,198],{"class":63},[45,107163,118],{"class":59},[20,107165,816],{},[258,107167,107168,107174,107178,107183],{},[261,107169,107170,107173],{},[15,107171,107172],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[261,107175,107176,107173],{},[15,107177,107119],{},[261,107179,107180,107182],{},[15,107181,102801],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[261,107184,107185,107186],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107187,107134],{},[31,107189,1797,107191,101168],{"id":107190},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107192,102801],{},[20,107194,107195,107196,132],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107197,102801],{},[20,107199,107200,107201,107203],{},"Only the values found in ",[355,107202,3943],{}," inputs will be kept.",[36,107205,107207],{"className":38,"code":107206,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107208,107209,107233,107257,107277,107281,107303],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107210,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107212,2784],{"class":51},[45,107214,56],{"class":55},[45,107216,60],{"class":59},[45,107218,1430],{"class":96},[45,107220,84],{"class":59},[45,107222,1035],{"class":96},[45,107224,84],{"class":59},[45,107226,1063],{"class":96},[45,107228,84],{"class":59},[45,107230,2687],{"class":96},[45,107232,118],{"class":59},[45,107234,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107236,2812],{"class":51},[45,107238,56],{"class":55},[45,107240,60],{"class":59},[45,107242,1133],{"class":96},[45,107244,84],{"class":59},[45,107246,1063],{"class":96},[45,107248,84],{"class":59},[45,107250,2687],{"class":96},[45,107252,84],{"class":59},[45,107254,4828],{"class":96},[45,107256,118],{"class":59},[45,107258,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273,107275],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107260,83193],{"class":51},[45,107262,56],{"class":55},[45,107264,60],{"class":59},[45,107266,2294],{"class":96},[45,107268,84],{"class":59},[45,107270,2687],{"class":96},[45,107272,84],{"class":59},[45,107274,37640],{"class":96},[45,107276,118],{"class":59},[45,107278,107279],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107280,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107282,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295,107297,107299,107301],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,107284,716],{"class":51},[45,107286,56],{"class":55},[45,107288,56892],{"class":51},[45,107290,132],{"class":59},[45,107292,106653],{"class":135},[45,107294,156],{"class":59},[45,107296,1930],{"class":135},[45,107298,84],{"class":59},[45,107300,9893],{"class":135},[45,107302,161],{"class":59},[45,107304,107305,107307,107309,107311],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,107306,153],{"class":152},[45,107308,156],{"class":59},[45,107310,740],{"class":135},[45,107312,161],{"class":59},[20,107314,182],{},[36,107316,107317],{"className":38,"code":106857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,107318,107319],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107320,107321,107323,107325,107327,107329],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107322,9495],{"class":59},[45,107324,2294],{"class":96},[45,107326,84],{"class":59},[45,107328,2687],{"class":96},[45,107330,118],{"class":59},[20,107332,107333],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107335,107336],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[36,107338,107340],{"className":38,"code":107339,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107341,107342,107366,107370,107410],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107343,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107345,2784],{"class":51},[45,107347,56],{"class":55},[45,107349,60],{"class":59},[45,107351,1430],{"class":96},[45,107353,84],{"class":59},[45,107355,1035],{"class":96},[45,107357,84],{"class":59},[45,107359,1063],{"class":96},[45,107361,84],{"class":59},[45,107363,2687],{"class":96},[45,107365,118],{"class":59},[45,107367,107368],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107369,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107371,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107373,716],{"class":51},[45,107375,56],{"class":55},[45,107377,56892],{"class":51},[45,107379,132],{"class":59},[45,107381,106653],{"class":135},[45,107383,195],{"class":59},[45,107385,1133],{"class":96},[45,107387,84],{"class":59},[45,107389,2687],{"class":96},[45,107391,84],{"class":59},[45,107393,37640],{"class":96},[45,107395,18243],{"class":59},[45,107397,9453],{"class":59},[45,107399,1430],{"class":96},[45,107401,84],{"class":59},[45,107403,1035],{"class":96},[45,107405,84],{"class":59},[45,107407,2687],{"class":96},[45,107409,179],{"class":59},[45,107411,107412,107414,107416,107418],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107413,153],{"class":152},[45,107415,156],{"class":59},[45,107417,740],{"class":135},[45,107419,161],{"class":59},[20,107421,182],{},[36,107423,107425],{"className":38,"code":107424,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107426,107427],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107428,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107430,9495],{"class":59},[45,107432,1133],{"class":96},[45,107434,84],{"class":59},[45,107436,2687],{"class":96},[45,107438,118],{"class":59},[31,107440,107442,1174,107444],{"id":107441},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107443,102801],{},[15,107445,107446],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107448,101338],{},[1398,107450,107451],{"id":106653},[15,107452,102801],{},[258,107454,107455,107457],{},[261,107456,101347],{},[261,107458,101350],{},[36,107460,107462],{"className":38,"code":107461,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107463,107464,107484,107504,107508,107526,107530,107540],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107465,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107467,2784],{"class":51},[45,107469,56],{"class":55},[45,107471,60],{"class":59},[45,107473,1430],{"class":96},[45,107475,84],{"class":59},[45,107477,1035],{"class":96},[45,107479,84],{"class":59},[45,107481,1063],{"class":96},[45,107483,118],{"class":59},[45,107485,107486,107488,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107487,2812],{"class":51},[45,107489,56],{"class":55},[45,107491,60],{"class":59},[45,107493,1133],{"class":96},[45,107495,84],{"class":59},[45,107497,1063],{"class":96},[45,107499,84],{"class":59},[45,107501,2687],{"class":96},[45,107503,118],{"class":59},[45,107505,107506],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107507,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107509,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107511,716],{"class":51},[45,107513,56],{"class":55},[45,107515,56892],{"class":51},[45,107517,132],{"class":59},[45,107519,106653],{"class":135},[45,107521,156],{"class":59},[45,107523,1930],{"class":135},[45,107525,161],{"class":59},[45,107527,107528],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,107529,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107531,107532,107534,107536,107538],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,107533,153],{"class":152},[45,107535,156],{"class":59},[45,107537,277],{"class":135},[45,107539,161],{"class":59},[45,107541,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,107543,153],{"class":152},[45,107545,156],{"class":59},[45,107547,740],{"class":135},[45,107549,161],{"class":59},[20,107551,182],{},[36,107553,107555],{"className":38,"code":107554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107556,107557,107573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107558,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107560,9495],{"class":59},[45,107562,1430],{"class":96},[45,107564,84],{"class":59},[45,107566,1035],{"class":96},[45,107568,84],{"class":59},[45,107570,1063],{"class":96},[45,107572,118],{"class":59},[45,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107576,9495],{"class":59},[45,107578,1133],{"class":96},[45,107580,84],{"class":59},[45,107582,1063],{"class":96},[45,107584,118],{"class":59},[1398,107586,107588],{"id":107587},"intersection_update",[15,107589,107446],{},[258,107591,107592,107594],{},[261,107593,101490],{},[261,107595,107596],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[36,107598,107600],{"className":38,"code":107599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107601,107602,107622,107642,107646,107660,107664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107603,107604,107606,107608,107610,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107605,2784],{"class":51},[45,107607,56],{"class":55},[45,107609,60],{"class":59},[45,107611,1430],{"class":96},[45,107613,84],{"class":59},[45,107615,1035],{"class":96},[45,107617,84],{"class":59},[45,107619,1063],{"class":96},[45,107621,118],{"class":59},[45,107623,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107625,2812],{"class":51},[45,107627,56],{"class":55},[45,107629,60],{"class":59},[45,107631,1133],{"class":96},[45,107633,84],{"class":59},[45,107635,1063],{"class":96},[45,107637,84],{"class":59},[45,107639,2687],{"class":96},[45,107641,118],{"class":59},[45,107643,107644],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107645,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107647,107648,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107649,277],{"class":51},[45,107651,132],{"class":59},[45,107653,107587],{"class":135},[45,107655,156],{"class":59},[45,107657,1930],{"class":135},[45,107659,161],{"class":59},[45,107661,107662],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,107663,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107665,107666,107668,107670,107672],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,107667,153],{"class":152},[45,107669,156],{"class":59},[45,107671,277],{"class":135},[45,107673,161],{"class":59},[20,107675,182],{},[36,107677,107679],{"className":38,"code":107678,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107680,107681],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107682,107683,107685,107687,107689,107691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107684,9495],{"class":59},[45,107686,1133],{"class":96},[45,107688,84],{"class":59},[45,107690,1063],{"class":96},[45,107692,118],{"class":59},[20,107694,107695,107696,107698],{},"Choose ",[15,107697,102801],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[31,107700,1391],{"id":1390},[20,107702,14926,107703,73],{},[15,107704,102801],{},[258,107706,107707,107710,107713,107716],{},[261,107708,107709],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[261,107711,107712],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[261,107714,107715],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[261,107717,107718,107719],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107720,102801],{},[20,107722,107723],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[258,107725,107726,107731,107734,107747],{},[261,107727,1797,107728,107730],{},[15,107729,102801],{}," when order matters",[261,107732,107733],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[261,107735,37200,107736,8922,107738,995,107743],{},[15,107737,102801],{},[277,107739,107741],{"href":107740},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107742,102809],{},[277,107744,107745],{"href":102850},[15,107746,100424],{},[261,107748,107749],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107751,30291],{},[36,107753,107755],{"className":38,"code":107754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107756,107757,107767,107781,107799],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107760,153],{"class":152},[45,107762,156],{"class":59},[45,107764,15860],{"class":135},[45,107766,161],{"class":59},[45,107768,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777,107779],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107770,153],{"class":152},[45,107772,156],{"class":59},[45,107774,1478],{"class":171},[45,107776,156],{"class":59},[45,107778,740],{"class":135},[45,107780,179],{"class":59},[45,107782,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107784,153],{"class":152},[45,107786,156],{"class":59},[45,107788,100595],{"class":135},[45,107790,132],{"class":59},[45,107792,106653],{"class":135},[45,107794,156],{"class":59},[45,107796,100604],{"class":135},[45,107798,179],{"class":59},[45,107800,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107802,153],{"class":152},[45,107804,156],{"class":59},[45,107806,11369],{"class":152},[45,107808,156],{"class":59},[45,107810,740],{"class":135},[45,107812,179],{"class":59},[20,107814,361],{},[36,107816,107818],{"className":38,"code":107817,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107819,107820,107844,107864,107868,107886,107890,107900,107910,107924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107821,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107823,3846],{"class":51},[45,107825,56],{"class":55},[45,107827,60],{"class":59},[45,107829,1430],{"class":96},[45,107831,84],{"class":59},[45,107833,1035],{"class":96},[45,107835,84],{"class":59},[45,107837,1035],{"class":96},[45,107839,84],{"class":59},[45,107841,1063],{"class":96},[45,107843,118],{"class":59},[45,107845,107846,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858,107860,107862],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107847,43549],{"class":51},[45,107849,56],{"class":55},[45,107851,60],{"class":59},[45,107853,1133],{"class":96},[45,107855,84],{"class":59},[45,107857,1063],{"class":96},[45,107859,84],{"class":59},[45,107861,2687],{"class":96},[45,107863,118],{"class":59},[45,107865,107866],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107867,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107869,107870,107872,107874,107876,107878,107880,107882,107884],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107871,716],{"class":51},[45,107873,56],{"class":55},[45,107875,4488],{"class":51},[45,107877,132],{"class":59},[45,107879,106653],{"class":135},[45,107881,156],{"class":59},[45,107883,30897],{"class":135},[45,107885,161],{"class":59},[45,107887,107888],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,107889,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,107891,107892,107894,107896,107898],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,107893,153],{"class":152},[45,107895,156],{"class":59},[45,107897,3876],{"class":135},[45,107899,161],{"class":59},[45,107901,107902,107904,107906,107908],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,107903,153],{"class":152},[45,107905,156],{"class":59},[45,107907,740],{"class":135},[45,107909,161],{"class":59},[45,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,107913,153],{"class":152},[45,107915,156],{"class":59},[45,107917,1478],{"class":171},[45,107919,156],{"class":59},[45,107921,740],{"class":135},[45,107923,179],{"class":59},[45,107925,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,107927,153],{"class":152},[45,107929,156],{"class":59},[45,107931,11369],{"class":152},[45,107933,156],{"class":59},[45,107935,740],{"class":135},[45,107937,179],{"class":59},[20,107939,182],{},[36,107941,107943],{"className":38,"code":107942,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107944,107945,107961,107973,107987],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,107946,107947,107949,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,107948,9495],{"class":59},[45,107950,1430],{"class":96},[45,107952,84],{"class":59},[45,107954,1035],{"class":96},[45,107956,84],{"class":59},[45,107958,1063],{"class":96},[45,107960,118],{"class":59},[45,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,107964,9495],{"class":59},[45,107966,1133],{"class":96},[45,107968,84],{"class":59},[45,107970,1063],{"class":96},[45,107972,118],{"class":59},[45,107974,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983,107985],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,107976,1594],{"class":55},[45,107978,1598],{"class":1597},[45,107980,211],{"class":63},[45,107982,6508],{"class":67},[45,107984,198],{"class":63},[45,107986,1607],{"class":55},[45,107988,107989],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,107990,1148],{"class":96},[20,107992,107993,107994,107996],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107995,1133],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[31,107998,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,108000,2062,108002,102749],{"id":108001},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108003,102801],{},[20,108005,102752],{},[1398,108007,5390,108009,108011],{"id":108008},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108010,102801],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108013,108014],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1398,108016,108018],{"id":108017},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108020,108021],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1398,108023,108025],{"id":108024},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108027,108028],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[36,108030,108031],{"className":38,"code":97468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,108032,108033],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108034,108035,108037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108036,6508],{"class":171},[45,108038,139],{"class":59},[31,108040,2114],{"id":2113},[258,108042,108043,108047,108054,108060],{},[261,108044,108045],{},[277,108046,96338],{"href":96337},[261,108048,108049],{},[277,108050,3802,108051,994],{"href":107740},[15,108052,108053],{},"set.union()",[261,108055,108056],{},[277,108057,3802,108058,994],{"href":102850},[15,108059,100429],{},[261,108061,108062],{},[277,108063,100354],{"href":105353},[2154,108065,108066],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":108068},[108069,108071,108072,108073,108074,108076,108081,108082,108090],{"id":106682,"depth":121,"text":108070},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":107190,"depth":121,"text":108075},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107441,"depth":121,"text":108077,"children":108078},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108079,108080],{"id":106653,"depth":142,"text":102801},{"id":107587,"depth":142,"text":107446},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":108083},[108084,108086,108088,108089],{"id":108001,"depth":142,"text":108085},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108008,"depth":142,"text":108087},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108017,"depth":142,"text":108018},{"id":108024,"depth":142,"text":108025},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106575,"description":108091},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108098,"title":108099,"body":108100,"description":109336,"extension":2195,"meta":109337,"navigation":145,"path":109338,"seo":109339,"stem":109340,"__hash__":109341},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108101,"toc":109303},[108102,108107,108113,108122,108124,108199,108204,108219,108229,108234,108238,108251,108255,108257,108272,108274,108290,108292,108367,108371,108374,108376,108393,108398,108453,108458,108470,108474,108477,108578,108580,108621,108624,108628,108635,108637,108662,108665,108683,108690,108696,108699,108781,108788,108791,108871,108880,108883,108888,108892,108906,108955,108960,108964,108975,109024,109035,109040,109044,109056,109105,109116,109118,109122,109145,109147,109204,109206,109220,109222,109228,109234,109240,109249,109253,109260,109264,109272,109274,109300],[10,108103,96210,108105,18],{"id":108104},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108106,12964],{},[20,108108,108109,108112],{},[15,108110,108111],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108114,108115,108116,108118,108119,108121],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[355,108117,4854],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108120,12964],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[31,108123,34],{"id":33},[36,108125,108127],{"className":38,"code":108126,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108128,108129,108161,108175,108179,108189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108130,108131,108133,108135,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147,108149,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108132,8001],{"class":51},[45,108134,56],{"class":55},[45,108136,60],{"class":59},[45,108138,64],{"class":63},[45,108140,1028],{"class":67},[45,108142,64],{"class":63},[45,108144,84],{"class":59},[45,108146,76],{"class":63},[45,108148,1042],{"class":67},[45,108150,64],{"class":63},[45,108152,84],{"class":59},[45,108154,76],{"class":63},[45,108156,4321],{"class":67},[45,108158,64],{"class":63},[45,108160,118],{"class":59},[45,108162,108163,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108164,69941],{"class":51},[45,108166,56],{"class":55},[45,108168,6186],{"class":51},[45,108170,132],{"class":59},[45,108172,26397],{"class":135},[45,108174,139],{"class":59},[45,108176,108177],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,108178,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,108180,108181,108183,108185,108187],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,108182,153],{"class":152},[45,108184,156],{"class":59},[45,108186,69964],{"class":135},[45,108188,161],{"class":59},[45,108190,108191,108193,108195,108197],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,108192,153],{"class":152},[45,108194,156],{"class":59},[45,108196,1289],{"class":135},[45,108198,161],{"class":59},[20,108200,108201],{},[355,108202,108203],{},"What this does:",[258,108205,108206,108211,108216],{},[261,108207,108208,108209],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108210,1289],{},[261,108212,108213,108214],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108215,69964],{},[261,108217,108218],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108220,108221,88970,108223,108225,108226,108228],{},[355,108222,83828],{},[15,108224,108111],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[355,108227,4854],{}," chosen by index.",[31,108230,253,108232,256],{"id":108231},"what-setpop-does",[15,108233,108111],{},[20,108235,108236,73],{},[15,108237,108111],{},[258,108239,108240,108242,108245,108248],{},[261,108241,103052],{},[261,108243,108244],{},"Returns the removed item",[261,108246,108247],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[261,108249,108250],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108252,96334,108253,132],{},[277,108254,96338],{"href":97509},[31,108256,284],{"id":283},[36,108258,108260],{"className":38,"code":108259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108261,108262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108263,108264,108266,108268,108270],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108265,15860],{"class":51},[45,108267,132],{"class":59},[45,108269,26397],{"class":135},[45,108271,139],{"class":59},[20,108273,303],{},[258,108275,108276,108282,108287],{},[261,108277,108278,108279],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108280,108281],{},"my_set.pop()",[261,108283,108284,108285],{},"It takes ",[355,108286,28845],{},[261,108288,108289],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108291,361],{},[36,108293,108295],{"className":38,"code":108294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108296,108297,108329,108343,108347,108357],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108298,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108300,13274],{"class":51},[45,108302,56],{"class":55},[45,108304,60],{"class":59},[45,108306,64],{"class":63},[45,108308,13291],{"class":67},[45,108310,64],{"class":63},[45,108312,84],{"class":59},[45,108314,76],{"class":63},[45,108316,703],{"class":67},[45,108318,64],{"class":63},[45,108320,84],{"class":59},[45,108322,76],{"class":63},[45,108324,17637],{"class":67},[45,108326,64],{"class":63},[45,108328,118],{"class":59},[45,108330,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108332,28695],{"class":51},[45,108334,56],{"class":55},[45,108336,13321],{"class":51},[45,108338,132],{"class":59},[45,108340,26397],{"class":135},[45,108342,139],{"class":59},[45,108344,108345],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,108346,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,108348,108349,108351,108353,108355],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,108350,153],{"class":152},[45,108352,156],{"class":59},[45,108354,23483],{"class":135},[45,108356,161],{"class":59},[45,108358,108359,108361,108363,108365],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,108360,153],{"class":152},[45,108362,156],{"class":59},[45,108364,17684],{"class":135},[45,108366,161],{"class":59},[31,108368,108370],{"id":108369},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108372,108373],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108375,2338],{},[258,108377,108378,108384,108387],{},[261,108379,108380,108381,108383],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108382,12964],{}," removes",[261,108385,108386],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[261,108388,108389,108390,108392],{},"You should not use ",[15,108391,12964],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108394,10672,108395,108397],{},[355,108396,4854],{}," valid:",[36,108399,108401],{"className":38,"code":108400,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108402,108403,108435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108404,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421,108423,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108406,36234],{"class":51},[45,108408,56],{"class":55},[45,108410,60],{"class":59},[45,108412,64],{"class":63},[45,108414,1028],{"class":67},[45,108416,64],{"class":63},[45,108418,84],{"class":59},[45,108420,76],{"class":63},[45,108422,1042],{"class":67},[45,108424,64],{"class":63},[45,108426,84],{"class":59},[45,108428,76],{"class":63},[45,108430,4321],{"class":67},[45,108432,64],{"class":63},[45,108434,118],{"class":59},[45,108436,108437,108439,108441,108443,108445,108447,108449,108451],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108438,36286],{"class":51},[45,108440,132],{"class":59},[45,108442,26397],{"class":135},[45,108444,156],{"class":59},[45,108446,64],{"class":63},[45,108448,1028],{"class":67},[45,108450,64],{"class":63},[45,108452,161],{"class":59},[20,108454,39651,108455,108457],{},[15,108456,108111],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108459,108460,108461,995,108465,132],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[277,108462,108463],{"href":98219},[15,108464,102878],{},[277,108466,108468],{"href":108467},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108469,102869],{},[31,108471,108473],{"id":108472},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108475,108476],{},"Here is a simple example:",[36,108478,108480],{"className":38,"code":108479,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108481,108482,108516,108520,108536,108540,108559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108483,108484,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108512,108514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108485,108486],{"class":51},"animals ",[45,108488,56],{"class":55},[45,108490,60],{"class":59},[45,108492,64],{"class":63},[45,108494,37043],{"class":67},[45,108496,64],{"class":63},[45,108498,84],{"class":59},[45,108500,76],{"class":63},[45,108502,58132],{"class":67},[45,108504,64],{"class":63},[45,108506,84],{"class":59},[45,108508,76],{"class":63},[45,108510,108511],{"class":67},"rabbit",[45,108513,64],{"class":63},[45,108515,118],{"class":59},[45,108517,108518],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108519,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,108521,108522,108525,108527,108530,108532,108534],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,108523,108524],{"class":51},"removed_animal ",[45,108526,56],{"class":55},[45,108528,108529],{"class":51}," animals",[45,108531,132],{"class":59},[45,108533,26397],{"class":135},[45,108535,139],{"class":59},[45,108537,108538],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,108539,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,108541,108542,108544,108546,108548,108550,108552,108554,108557],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,108543,153],{"class":152},[45,108545,156],{"class":59},[45,108547,64],{"class":63},[45,108549,29112],{"class":67},[45,108551,64],{"class":63},[45,108553,84],{"class":59},[45,108555,108556],{"class":135}," removed_animal",[45,108558,161],{"class":59},[45,108560,108561,108563,108565,108567,108570,108572,108574,108576],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,108562,153],{"class":152},[45,108564,156],{"class":59},[45,108566,64],{"class":63},[45,108568,108569],{"class":67},"Updated set:",[45,108571,64],{"class":63},[45,108573,84],{"class":59},[45,108575,108529],{"class":135},[45,108577,161],{"class":59},[20,108579,30185],{},[36,108581,108583],{"className":38,"code":108582,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108584,108585,108594],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108586,108587,108589,108591],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108588,29154],{"class":51},[45,108590,73],{"class":59},[45,108592,108593],{"class":51}," dog\n",[45,108595,108596,108599,108601,108603,108605,108607,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108597,108598],{"class":51},"Updated ",[45,108600,6508],{"class":171},[45,108602,73],{"class":59},[45,108604,60],{"class":59},[45,108606,198],{"class":63},[45,108608,37043],{"class":67},[45,108610,198],{"class":63},[45,108612,84],{"class":59},[45,108614,211],{"class":63},[45,108616,108511],{"class":67},[45,108618,198],{"class":63},[45,108620,118],{"class":59},[20,108622,108623],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[31,108625,108627],{"id":108626},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108629,1401,108630,108632,108633,132],{},[15,108631,12964],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108634,19866],{},[20,108636,361],{},[36,108638,108640],{"className":38,"code":108639,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108641,108642,108652],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108643,108644,108646,108648,108650],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108645,8001],{"class":51},[45,108647,56],{"class":55},[45,108649,15827],{"class":171},[45,108651,139],{"class":59},[45,108653,108654,108656,108658,108660],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108655,1289],{"class":51},[45,108657,132],{"class":59},[45,108659,26397],{"class":135},[45,108661,139],{"class":59},[20,108663,108664],{},"This raises:",[36,108666,108668],{"className":38,"code":108667,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108669,108670],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108681],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108673,19866],{"class":171},[45,108675,73],{"class":59},[45,108677,211],{"class":63},[45,108679,108680],{"class":67},"pop from an empty set",[45,108682,29855],{"class":63},[20,108684,108685,108686,108689],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[277,108687,108688],{"href":11282},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1398,108691,108693,108694],{"id":108692},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108695,12964],{},[20,108697,108698],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[36,108700,108702],{"className":38,"code":108701,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108703,108704,108714,108718,108726,108741,108760,108766],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108705,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108707,8001],{"class":51},[45,108709,56],{"class":55},[45,108711,15827],{"class":171},[45,108713,139],{"class":59},[45,108715,108716],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108717,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,108719,108720,108722,108724],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,108721,7219],{"class":921},[45,108723,6186],{"class":51},[45,108725,6614],{"class":59},[45,108727,108728,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,108729,108730],{"class":51},"    removed ",[45,108732,56],{"class":55},[45,108734,6186],{"class":51},[45,108736,132],{"class":59},[45,108738,26397],{"class":135},[45,108740,139],{"class":59},[45,108742,108743,108745,108747,108749,108751,108753,108755,108758],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,108744,942],{"class":152},[45,108746,156],{"class":59},[45,108748,64],{"class":63},[45,108750,29112],{"class":67},[45,108752,64],{"class":63},[45,108754,84],{"class":59},[45,108756,108757],{"class":135}," removed",[45,108759,161],{"class":59},[45,108761,108762,108764],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,108763,27590],{"class":921},[45,108765,6614],{"class":59},[45,108767,108768,108770,108772,108774,108777,108779],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,108769,942],{"class":152},[45,108771,156],{"class":59},[45,108773,64],{"class":63},[45,108775,108776],{"class":67},"The set is empty.",[45,108778,64],{"class":63},[45,108780,161],{"class":59},[1398,108782,1006,108784,329,108786],{"id":108783},"use-try-and-except",[15,108785,29959],{},[15,108787,29990],{},[20,108789,108790],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[36,108792,108794],{"className":38,"code":108793,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108795,108796,108806,108810,108816,108830,108848,108856],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108797,108798,108800,108802,108804],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108799,8001],{"class":51},[45,108801,56],{"class":55},[45,108803,15827],{"class":171},[45,108805,139],{"class":59},[45,108807,108808],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108809,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,108811,108812,108814],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,108813,29959],{"class":921},[45,108815,6614],{"class":59},[45,108817,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,108819,108730],{"class":51},[45,108821,56],{"class":55},[45,108823,6186],{"class":51},[45,108825,132],{"class":59},[45,108827,26397],{"class":135},[45,108829,139],{"class":59},[45,108831,108832,108834,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,108833,942],{"class":152},[45,108835,156],{"class":59},[45,108837,64],{"class":63},[45,108839,29112],{"class":67},[45,108841,64],{"class":63},[45,108843,84],{"class":59},[45,108845,108757],{"class":135},[45,108847,161],{"class":59},[45,108849,108850,108852,108854],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,108851,29990],{"class":921},[45,108853,29993],{"class":171},[45,108855,6614],{"class":59},[45,108857,108858,108860,108862,108864,108867,108869],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,108859,942],{"class":152},[45,108861,156],{"class":59},[45,108863,64],{"class":63},[45,108865,108866],{"class":67},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[45,108868,64],{"class":63},[45,108870,161],{"class":59},[31,108872,5185,108874,1174,108876,1174,108878],{"id":108873},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108875,12964],{},[15,108877,55533],{},[15,108879,102864],{},[20,108881,108882],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1398,108884,1006,108886],{"id":108885},"use-pop",[15,108887,12964],{},[20,108889,1006,108890,10811],{},[15,108891,12964],{},[258,108893,108894,108900,108903],{},[261,108895,108896,108897],{},"You want to remove ",[355,108898,108899],{},"any one item",[261,108901,108902],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[261,108904,108905],{},"You want the removed item returned",[36,108907,108909],{"className":38,"code":108908,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108910,108911,108931,108945],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108912,108913,108915,108917,108919,108921,108923,108925,108927,108929],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108914,3846],{"class":51},[45,108916,56],{"class":55},[45,108918,60],{"class":59},[45,108920,1430],{"class":96},[45,108922,84],{"class":59},[45,108924,1035],{"class":96},[45,108926,84],{"class":59},[45,108928,1063],{"class":96},[45,108930,118],{"class":59},[45,108932,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,108934,2677],{"class":51},[45,108936,56],{"class":55},[45,108938,4488],{"class":51},[45,108940,132],{"class":59},[45,108942,26397],{"class":135},[45,108944,139],{"class":59},[45,108946,108947,108949,108951,108953],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,108948,153],{"class":152},[45,108950,156],{"class":59},[45,108952,947],{"class":135},[45,108954,161],{"class":59},[1398,108956,1006,108958],{"id":108957},"use-remove",[15,108959,55533],{},[20,108961,1006,108962,10811],{},[15,108963,55533],{},[258,108965,108966,108972],{},[261,108967,108968,108969],{},"You want to delete a ",[355,108970,108971],{},"specific item",[261,108973,108974],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[36,108976,108978],{"className":38,"code":108977,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108979,108980,109000,109014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,108981,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,108983,3846],{"class":51},[45,108985,56],{"class":55},[45,108987,60],{"class":59},[45,108989,1430],{"class":96},[45,108991,84],{"class":59},[45,108993,1035],{"class":96},[45,108995,84],{"class":59},[45,108997,1063],{"class":96},[45,108999,118],{"class":59},[45,109001,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109003,3876],{"class":51},[45,109005,132],{"class":59},[45,109007,34787],{"class":135},[45,109009,156],{"class":59},[45,109011,1133],{"class":96},[45,109013,161],{"class":59},[45,109015,109016,109018,109020,109022],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109017,153],{"class":152},[45,109019,156],{"class":59},[45,109021,3876],{"class":135},[45,109023,161],{"class":59},[20,109025,109026,109027,109029,109030,109034],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109028,55533],{}," raises an error. See the ",[277,109031,109032,994],{"href":98219},[15,109033,102878],{}," for details.",[1398,109036,1006,109038],{"id":109037},"use-discard",[15,109039,102864],{},[20,109041,1006,109042,10811],{},[15,109043,102864],{},[258,109045,109046,109050],{},[261,109047,108968,109048],{},[355,109049,108971],{},[261,109051,109052,109053,109055],{},"You do ",[355,109054,4854],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[36,109057,109059],{"className":38,"code":109058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109060,109061,109081,109095],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109062,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109064,3846],{"class":51},[45,109066,56],{"class":55},[45,109068,60],{"class":59},[45,109070,1430],{"class":96},[45,109072,84],{"class":59},[45,109074,1035],{"class":96},[45,109076,84],{"class":59},[45,109078,1063],{"class":96},[45,109080,118],{"class":59},[45,109082,109083,109085,109087,109089,109091,109093],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109084,3876],{"class":51},[45,109086,132],{"class":59},[45,109088,102931],{"class":135},[45,109090,156],{"class":59},[45,109092,2366],{"class":96},[45,109094,161],{"class":59},[45,109096,109097,109099,109101,109103],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109098,153],{"class":152},[45,109100,156],{"class":59},[45,109102,3876],{"class":135},[45,109104,161],{"class":59},[20,109106,109107,109108,109110,109111,109115],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109109,2366],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[277,109112,109113,994],{"href":108467},[15,109114,102869],{}," for more examples.",[31,109117,3061],{"id":3060},[20,109119,71487,109120,73],{},[15,109121,108111],{},[258,109123,109124,109130,109135,109140],{},[261,109125,109126,109127],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109128,109129],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[261,109131,8670,109132,109134],{},[15,109133,12964],{}," to remove the first or last item",[261,109136,1401,109137,109139],{},[15,109138,12964],{}," on an empty set",[261,109141,1797,109142,109144],{},[15,109143,12964],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109146,62301],{},[36,109148,109150],{"className":38,"code":109149,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109151,109152,109162,109176,109190],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109153,109154,109156,109158,109160],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109155,153],{"class":152},[45,109157,156],{"class":59},[45,109159,15860],{"class":135},[45,109161,161],{"class":59},[45,109163,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109165,153],{"class":152},[45,109167,156],{"class":59},[45,109169,11369],{"class":152},[45,109171,156],{"class":59},[45,109173,15860],{"class":135},[45,109175,179],{"class":59},[45,109177,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109179,153],{"class":152},[45,109181,156],{"class":59},[45,109183,1478],{"class":171},[45,109185,156],{"class":59},[45,109187,15860],{"class":135},[45,109189,179],{"class":59},[45,109191,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,109193,28695],{"class":51},[45,109195,56],{"class":55},[45,109197,96934],{"class":51},[45,109199,132],{"class":59},[45,109201,26397],{"class":135},[45,109203,139],{"class":59},[20,109205,26166],{},[258,109207,109208,109211,109214,109217],{},[261,109209,109210],{},"What values are in the set",[261,109212,109213],{},"Whether the set is empty",[261,109215,109216],{},"That the object is really a set",[261,109218,109219],{},"What value was actually removed",[31,109221,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,109223,2062,109225,109227],{"id":109224},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109226,108111],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109229,109230,109231,109233],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109232,12964],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1398,109235,109237,109238,2079],{"id":109236},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109239,108111],{},[20,109241,109242,109243,109245,109246,109248],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109244,12964],{},", set ",[15,109247,12964],{}," does not accept an index.",[1398,109250,109252],{"id":109251},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109254,71656,109255,44630,109257,109259],{},[15,109256,19866],{},[15,109258,12964],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1398,109261,109263],{"id":109262},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109265,1006,109266,995,109268,1800,109270,132],{},[15,109267,55533],{},[15,109269,102864],{},[15,109271,12964],{},[31,109273,2114],{"id":2113},[258,109275,109276,109280,109286,109292,109296],{},[261,109277,109278],{},[277,109279,96338],{"href":97509},[261,109281,109282],{},[277,109283,96824,109284,994],{"href":98219},[15,109285,55533],{},[261,109287,109288],{},[277,109289,96824,109290,994],{"href":108467},[15,109291,102864],{},[261,109293,109294],{},[277,109295,11469],{"href":11282},[261,109297,109298],{},[277,109299,55519],{"href":55071},[2154,109301,109302],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":109304},[109305,109306,109308,109309,109310,109311,109317,109326,109327,109335],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":108231,"depth":121,"text":109307},"What set.pop() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":108369,"depth":121,"text":108370},{"id":108472,"depth":121,"text":108473},{"id":108626,"depth":121,"text":108627,"children":109312},[109313,109315],{"id":108692,"depth":142,"text":109314},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108783,"depth":142,"text":109316},"Use try and except",{"id":108873,"depth":121,"text":109318,"children":109319},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109320,109322,109324],{"id":108885,"depth":142,"text":109321},"Use pop()",{"id":108957,"depth":142,"text":109323},"Use remove()",{"id":109037,"depth":142,"text":109325},"Use discard()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":109328},[109329,109331,109333,109334],{"id":109224,"depth":142,"text":109330},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109236,"depth":142,"text":109332},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109251,"depth":142,"text":109252},{"id":109262,"depth":142,"text":109263},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108099,"description":109336},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109343,"title":109344,"body":109345,"description":110499,"extension":2195,"meta":110500,"navigation":145,"path":110501,"seo":110502,"stem":110503,"__hash__":110504},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109346,"toc":110467},[109347,109352,109357,109366,109368,109433,109437,109461,109468,109473,109477,109492,109495,109497,109516,109530,109533,109581,109585,109601,109603,109676,109680,109705,109711,109719,109723,109730,109785,109790,109807,109813,109819,109824,109832,109839,109843,109851,109906,109908,109925,109929,109936,110001,110005,110038,110040,110052,110059,110061,110066,110073,110075,110144,110148,110156,110158,110222,110226,110231,110278,110283,110351,110359,110366,110369,110375,110380,110384,110386,110389,110391,110396,110401,110407,110412,110419,110427,110433,110436,110438,110464],[10,109348,96210,109350,18],{"id":109349},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109351,55533],{},[20,109353,109354,109356],{},[15,109355,102878],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109358,109359,109360,109363,109364,132],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[355,109361,109362],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109365,19866],{},[31,109367,34],{"id":33},[36,109369,109371],{"className":38,"code":109370,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109372,109373,109405,109423],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109374,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109376,13274],{"class":51},[45,109378,56],{"class":55},[45,109380,60],{"class":59},[45,109382,64],{"class":63},[45,109384,13291],{"class":67},[45,109386,64],{"class":63},[45,109388,84],{"class":59},[45,109390,76],{"class":63},[45,109392,703],{"class":67},[45,109394,64],{"class":63},[45,109396,84],{"class":59},[45,109398,76],{"class":63},[45,109400,17637],{"class":67},[45,109402,64],{"class":63},[45,109404,118],{"class":59},[45,109406,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109408,17684],{"class":51},[45,109410,132],{"class":59},[45,109412,34787],{"class":135},[45,109414,156],{"class":59},[45,109416,64],{"class":63},[45,109418,703],{"class":67},[45,109420,64],{"class":63},[45,109422,161],{"class":59},[45,109424,109425,109427,109429,109431],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109426,153],{"class":152},[45,109428,156],{"class":59},[45,109430,17684],{"class":135},[45,109432,161],{"class":59},[20,109434,109435],{},[355,109436,30185],{},[36,109438,109439],{"className":38,"code":103558,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,109440,109441],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109442,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109444,9495],{"class":59},[45,109446,198],{"class":63},[45,109448,13291],{"class":67},[45,109450,198],{"class":63},[45,109452,84],{"class":59},[45,109454,211],{"class":63},[45,109456,17637],{"class":67},[45,109458,198],{"class":63},[45,109460,118],{"class":59},[20,109462,1006,109463,109465,109466,132],{},[15,109464,55533],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109467,19866],{},[31,109469,253,109471,256],{"id":109470},"what-setremove-does",[15,109472,102878],{},[20,109474,109475,73],{},[15,109476,102878],{},[258,109478,109479,109482,109484,109486],{},[261,109480,109481],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[261,109483,96325],{},[261,109485,96328],{},[261,109487,109488,109489,109491],{},"Raises ",[15,109490,19866],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109493,109494],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[31,109496,284],{"id":283},[36,109498,109500],{"className":38,"code":109499,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109501,109502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109503,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109505,15860],{"class":51},[45,109507,132],{"class":59},[45,109509,34787],{"class":135},[45,109511,156],{"class":59},[45,109513,947],{"class":135},[45,109515,161],{"class":59},[258,109517,109518,109522,109527],{},[261,109519,109520,103100],{},[15,109521,15860],{},[261,109523,109524,109526],{},[15,109525,947],{}," is the item to remove",[261,109528,109529],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109531,109532],{},"Here is a small example:",[36,109534,109535],{"className":38,"code":108977,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,109536,109537,109557,109571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109538,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109540,3846],{"class":51},[45,109542,56],{"class":55},[45,109544,60],{"class":59},[45,109546,1430],{"class":96},[45,109548,84],{"class":59},[45,109550,1035],{"class":96},[45,109552,84],{"class":59},[45,109554,1063],{"class":96},[45,109556,118],{"class":59},[45,109558,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109560,3876],{"class":51},[45,109562,132],{"class":59},[45,109564,34787],{"class":135},[45,109566,156],{"class":59},[45,109568,1133],{"class":96},[45,109570,161],{"class":59},[45,109572,109573,109575,109577,109579],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109574,153],{"class":152},[45,109576,156],{"class":59},[45,109578,3876],{"class":135},[45,109580,161],{"class":59},[20,109582,109583],{},[355,109584,30185],{},[36,109586,109587],{"className":38,"code":101308,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,109588,109589],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109590,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109592,9495],{"class":59},[45,109594,1430],{"class":96},[45,109596,84],{"class":59},[45,109598,1063],{"class":96},[45,109600,118],{"class":59},[31,109602,640],{"id":639},[36,109604,109606],{"className":38,"code":109605,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109607,109608,109640,109644,109662,109666],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109609,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630,109632,109634,109636,109638],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109611,36234],{"class":51},[45,109613,56],{"class":55},[45,109615,60],{"class":59},[45,109617,64],{"class":63},[45,109619,1028],{"class":67},[45,109621,64],{"class":63},[45,109623,84],{"class":59},[45,109625,76],{"class":63},[45,109627,1042],{"class":67},[45,109629,64],{"class":63},[45,109631,84],{"class":59},[45,109633,76],{"class":63},[45,109635,1056],{"class":67},[45,109637,64],{"class":63},[45,109639,118],{"class":59},[45,109641,109642],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109643,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,109645,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109647,36286],{"class":51},[45,109649,132],{"class":59},[45,109651,34787],{"class":135},[45,109653,156],{"class":59},[45,109655,64],{"class":63},[45,109657,1042],{"class":67},[45,109659,64],{"class":63},[45,109661,161],{"class":59},[45,109663,109664],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,109665,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,109667,109668,109670,109672,109674],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,109669,153],{"class":152},[45,109671,156],{"class":59},[45,109673,36286],{"class":135},[45,109675,161],{"class":59},[20,109677,109678],{},[355,109679,30185],{},[36,109681,109683],{"className":38,"code":109682,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109684,109685],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109686,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109688,9495],{"class":59},[45,109690,198],{"class":63},[45,109692,1028],{"class":67},[45,109694,198],{"class":63},[45,109696,84],{"class":59},[45,109698,211],{"class":63},[45,109700,1056],{"class":67},[45,109702,198],{"class":63},[45,109704,118],{"class":59},[20,109706,109707,109708,109710],{},"This removes ",[15,109709,65281],{}," from the set.",[20,109712,109713,109714,109716,109717,132],{},"A set does ",[355,109715,4854],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[277,109718,96342],{"href":97893},[31,109720,109722],{"id":109721},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109724,109725,109726,52498,109728,132],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109727,55533],{},[15,109729,19866],{},[36,109731,109733],{"className":38,"code":109732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109734,109735,109767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109736,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109738,13274],{"class":51},[45,109740,56],{"class":55},[45,109742,60],{"class":59},[45,109744,64],{"class":63},[45,109746,13291],{"class":67},[45,109748,64],{"class":63},[45,109750,84],{"class":59},[45,109752,76],{"class":63},[45,109754,703],{"class":67},[45,109756,64],{"class":63},[45,109758,84],{"class":59},[45,109760,76],{"class":63},[45,109762,17637],{"class":67},[45,109764,64],{"class":63},[45,109766,118],{"class":59},[45,109768,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109770,17684],{"class":51},[45,109772,132],{"class":59},[45,109774,34787],{"class":135},[45,109776,156],{"class":59},[45,109778,64],{"class":63},[45,109780,22698],{"class":67},[45,109782,64],{"class":63},[45,109784,161],{"class":59},[20,109786,109787],{},[355,109788,109789],{},"Result:",[36,109791,109793],{"className":38,"code":109792,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109794,109795],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109796,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109798,19866],{"class":171},[45,109800,73],{"class":59},[45,109802,211],{"class":63},[45,109804,22698],{"class":67},[45,109806,29855],{"class":63},[20,109808,22364,109809,109812],{},[15,109810,109811],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109814,109815,109816,109818],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109817,55533],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109820,109821,109822,132],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[277,109823,11469],{"href":11282},[31,109825,4423,109827,109829,109830],{"id":109826},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109828,55533],{}," is different from ",[15,109831,102864],{},[20,109833,109834,329,109836,109838],{},[15,109835,55533],{},[15,109837,102864],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1398,109840,109841],{"id":34787},[15,109842,55533],{},[258,109844,109845,109848],{},[261,109846,109847],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[261,109849,109850],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[36,109852,109854],{"className":38,"code":109853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109855,109856,109888],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109857,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109859,36085],{"class":51},[45,109861,56],{"class":55},[45,109863,60],{"class":59},[45,109865,64],{"class":63},[45,109867,277],{"class":67},[45,109869,64],{"class":63},[45,109871,84],{"class":59},[45,109873,76],{"class":63},[45,109875,1930],{"class":67},[45,109877,64],{"class":63},[45,109879,84],{"class":59},[45,109881,76],{"class":63},[45,109883,9951],{"class":67},[45,109885,64],{"class":63},[45,109887,118],{"class":59},[45,109889,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109891,36138],{"class":51},[45,109893,132],{"class":59},[45,109895,34787],{"class":135},[45,109897,156],{"class":59},[45,109899,64],{"class":63},[45,109901,18946],{"class":67},[45,109903,64],{"class":63},[45,109905,161],{"class":59},[20,109907,108664],{},[36,109909,109911],{"className":38,"code":109910,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109912,109913],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109914,109915,109917,109919,109921,109923],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109916,19866],{"class":171},[45,109918,73],{"class":59},[45,109920,211],{"class":63},[45,109922,18946],{"class":67},[45,109924,29855],{"class":63},[1398,109926,109927],{"id":102931},[15,109928,102864],{},[258,109930,109931,109933],{},[261,109932,109847],{},[261,109934,109935],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[36,109937,109939],{"className":38,"code":109938,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109940,109941,109973,109991],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,109942,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,109944,36085],{"class":51},[45,109946,56],{"class":55},[45,109948,60],{"class":59},[45,109950,64],{"class":63},[45,109952,277],{"class":67},[45,109954,64],{"class":63},[45,109956,84],{"class":59},[45,109958,76],{"class":63},[45,109960,1930],{"class":67},[45,109962,64],{"class":63},[45,109964,84],{"class":59},[45,109966,76],{"class":63},[45,109968,9951],{"class":67},[45,109970,64],{"class":63},[45,109972,118],{"class":59},[45,109974,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,109976,36138],{"class":51},[45,109978,132],{"class":59},[45,109980,102931],{"class":135},[45,109982,156],{"class":59},[45,109984,64],{"class":63},[45,109986,18946],{"class":67},[45,109988,64],{"class":63},[45,109990,161],{"class":59},[45,109992,109993,109995,109997,109999],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,109994,153],{"class":152},[45,109996,156],{"class":59},[45,109998,36138],{"class":135},[45,110000,161],{"class":59},[20,110002,110003],{},[355,110004,182],{},[36,110006,110008],{"className":38,"code":110007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110009,110010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110011,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110013,9495],{"class":59},[45,110015,198],{"class":63},[45,110017,277],{"class":67},[45,110019,198],{"class":63},[45,110021,84],{"class":59},[45,110023,211],{"class":63},[45,110025,1930],{"class":67},[45,110027,198],{"class":63},[45,110029,84],{"class":59},[45,110031,211],{"class":63},[45,110033,9951],{"class":67},[45,110035,198],{"class":63},[45,110037,118],{"class":59},[20,110039,1363],{},[258,110041,110042,110047],{},[261,110043,110044,110046],{},[15,110045,55533],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[261,110048,110049,110051],{},[15,110050,102864],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110053,110054,110055,132],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[277,110056,96824,110057,994],{"href":108467},[15,110058,102864],{},[31,110060,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,110062,8670,110064,97204],{"id":110063},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110065,55533],{},[20,110067,110068,110070,110071,132],{},[15,110069,55533],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110072,4006],{},[20,110074,1412],{},[36,110076,110078],{"className":38,"code":110077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110079,110080,110112,110134],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110081,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110083,13274],{"class":51},[45,110085,56],{"class":55},[45,110087,60],{"class":59},[45,110089,64],{"class":63},[45,110091,13291],{"class":67},[45,110093,64],{"class":63},[45,110095,84],{"class":59},[45,110097,76],{"class":63},[45,110099,703],{"class":67},[45,110101,64],{"class":63},[45,110103,84],{"class":59},[45,110105,76],{"class":63},[45,110107,17637],{"class":67},[45,110109,64],{"class":63},[45,110111,118],{"class":59},[45,110113,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124,110126,110128,110130,110132],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110115,13316],{"class":51},[45,110117,56],{"class":55},[45,110119,13321],{"class":51},[45,110121,132],{"class":59},[45,110123,34787],{"class":135},[45,110125,156],{"class":59},[45,110127,64],{"class":63},[45,110129,703],{"class":67},[45,110131,64],{"class":63},[45,110133,161],{"class":59},[45,110135,110136,110138,110140,110142],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,110137,153],{"class":152},[45,110139,156],{"class":59},[45,110141,13340],{"class":135},[45,110143,161],{"class":59},[20,110145,110146],{},[355,110147,182],{},[36,110149,110150],{"className":38,"code":12009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,110151,110152],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110153,110154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110155,12009],{"class":4080},[20,110157,16848],{},[36,110159,110160],{"className":38,"code":109370,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,110161,110162,110194,110212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110163,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110165,13274],{"class":51},[45,110167,56],{"class":55},[45,110169,60],{"class":59},[45,110171,64],{"class":63},[45,110173,13291],{"class":67},[45,110175,64],{"class":63},[45,110177,84],{"class":59},[45,110179,76],{"class":63},[45,110181,703],{"class":67},[45,110183,64],{"class":63},[45,110185,84],{"class":59},[45,110187,76],{"class":63},[45,110189,17637],{"class":67},[45,110191,64],{"class":63},[45,110193,118],{"class":59},[45,110195,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110206,110208,110210],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110197,17684],{"class":51},[45,110199,132],{"class":59},[45,110201,34787],{"class":135},[45,110203,156],{"class":59},[45,110205,64],{"class":63},[45,110207,703],{"class":67},[45,110209,64],{"class":63},[45,110211,161],{"class":59},[45,110213,110214,110216,110218,110220],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,110215,153],{"class":152},[45,110217,156],{"class":59},[45,110219,17684],{"class":135},[45,110221,161],{"class":59},[1398,110223,110225],{"id":110224},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110227,110228,110229,132],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110230,19866],{},[36,110232,110234],{"className":38,"code":110233,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110235,110236,110260],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110237,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110239,13274],{"class":51},[45,110241,56],{"class":55},[45,110243,60],{"class":59},[45,110245,64],{"class":63},[45,110247,13291],{"class":67},[45,110249,64],{"class":63},[45,110251,84],{"class":59},[45,110253,76],{"class":63},[45,110255,703],{"class":67},[45,110257,64],{"class":63},[45,110259,118],{"class":59},[45,110261,110262,110264,110266,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110263,17684],{"class":51},[45,110265,132],{"class":59},[45,110267,34787],{"class":135},[45,110269,156],{"class":59},[45,110271,64],{"class":63},[45,110273,17637],{"class":67},[45,110275,64],{"class":63},[45,110277,161],{"class":59},[20,110279,110280,110281,73],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110282,927],{},[36,110284,110286],{"className":38,"code":110285,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110287,110288,110312,110316,110332],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110289,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308,110310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110291,13274],{"class":51},[45,110293,56],{"class":55},[45,110295,60],{"class":59},[45,110297,64],{"class":63},[45,110299,13291],{"class":67},[45,110301,64],{"class":63},[45,110303,84],{"class":59},[45,110305,76],{"class":63},[45,110307,703],{"class":67},[45,110309,64],{"class":63},[45,110311,118],{"class":59},[45,110313,110314],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110315,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,110317,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326,110328,110330],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,110319,7219],{"class":921},[45,110321,76],{"class":63},[45,110323,17637],{"class":67},[45,110325,64],{"class":63},[45,110327,21352],{"class":55},[45,110329,13321],{"class":51},[45,110331,6614],{"class":59},[45,110333,110334,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,110335,110336],{"class":51},"    colors",[45,110338,132],{"class":59},[45,110340,34787],{"class":135},[45,110342,156],{"class":59},[45,110344,64],{"class":63},[45,110346,17637],{"class":67},[45,110348,64],{"class":63},[45,110350,161],{"class":59},[20,110352,110353,110354,110358],{},"Or use ",[277,110355,110356],{"href":108467},[15,110357,102864],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1398,110360,37200,110362,8922,110364],{"id":110361},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110363,102878],{},[15,110365,55079],{},[20,110367,110368],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110370,110371,110372,110374],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110373,102878],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110376,110377,110378,132],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[277,110379,99088],{"href":99087},[1398,110381,110383],{"id":110382},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110385,108373],{},[20,110387,110388],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[31,110390,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,110392,2062,110394,97303],{"id":110393},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110395,102878],{},[20,110397,110398,110399,132],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110400,4006],{},[1398,110402,30443,110404,110406],{"id":110403},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110405,102878],{}," raise?",[20,110408,30449,110409,110411],{},[15,110410,19866],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1398,110413,21599,110415,995,110417,2079],{"id":110414},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110416,55533],{},[15,110418,102864],{},[20,110420,1006,110421,110423,110424,110426],{},[15,110422,55533],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110425,102864],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1398,110428,5390,110430,110432],{"id":110429},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110431,102878],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110434,110435],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[31,110437,2114],{"id":2113},[258,110439,110440,110446,110452,110456,110460],{},[261,110441,110442],{},[277,110443,96824,110444,994],{"href":108467},[15,110445,102864],{},[261,110447,110448],{},[277,110449,96824,110450,994],{"href":98224},[15,110451,12964],{},[261,110453,110454],{},[277,110455,97348],{"href":97893},[261,110457,110458],{},[277,110459,100354],{"href":99087},[261,110461,110462],{},[277,110463,11469],{"href":11282},[2154,110465,110466],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":110468},[110469,110470,110472,110473,110474,110475,110480,110488,110498],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":109470,"depth":121,"text":110471},"What set.remove() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":109721,"depth":121,"text":109722},{"id":109826,"depth":121,"text":110476,"children":110477},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110478,110479],{"id":34787,"depth":142,"text":55533},{"id":102931,"depth":142,"text":102864},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":110481},[110482,110484,110485,110487],{"id":110063,"depth":142,"text":110483},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110224,"depth":142,"text":110225},{"id":110361,"depth":142,"text":110486},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110382,"depth":142,"text":110383},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":110489},[110490,110492,110494,110496],{"id":110393,"depth":142,"text":110491},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110403,"depth":142,"text":110493},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110414,"depth":142,"text":110495},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110429,"depth":142,"text":110497},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109344,"description":110499},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110506,"title":110507,"body":110508,"description":111881,"extension":2195,"meta":111882,"navigation":145,"path":111883,"seo":111884,"stem":111885,"__hash__":111886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110509,"toc":111856},[110510,110516,110522,110525,110528,110542,110544,110625,110628,110633,110637,110651,110658,110660,110679,110682,110700,110702,110782,110784,110809,110813,110816,110824,110829,110834,110836,110849,110854,110857,110881,110884,110892,110894,110897,110994,110996,111029,111031,111057,111064,111067,111071,111079,111083,111091,111093,111183,111185,111199,111206,111211,111216,111218,111309,111311,111323,111325,111339,111345,111353,111355,111437,111439,111484,111487,111495,111498,111500,111504,111547,111549,111569,111574,111576,111661,111663,111668,111670,111677,111685,111691,111694,111696,111782,111784,111808,111812,111815,111817,111844,111854],[10,110511,96210,110513,18],{"id":110512},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110514,110515],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110517,110518,110521],{},[15,110519,110520],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110523,110524],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110526,110527],{},"Use it when:",[258,110529,110530,110533,110539],{},[261,110531,110532],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[261,110534,110535,110536,110538],{},"you do ",[355,110537,4854],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[261,110540,110541],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[31,110543,3836],{"id":3835},[36,110545,110547],{"className":38,"code":110546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110548,110549,110569,110589,110593,110612],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110550,110551,110553,110555,110557,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110552,2784],{"class":51},[45,110554,56],{"class":55},[45,110556,60],{"class":59},[45,110558,1430],{"class":96},[45,110560,84],{"class":59},[45,110562,1035],{"class":96},[45,110564,84],{"class":59},[45,110566,1063],{"class":96},[45,110568,118],{"class":59},[45,110570,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579,110581,110583,110585,110587],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110572,2812],{"class":51},[45,110574,56],{"class":55},[45,110576,60],{"class":59},[45,110578,2294],{"class":96},[45,110580,84],{"class":59},[45,110582,2687],{"class":96},[45,110584,84],{"class":59},[45,110586,4828],{"class":96},[45,110588,118],{"class":59},[45,110590,110591],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,110592,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,110594,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110606,110608,110610],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,110596,716],{"class":51},[45,110598,56],{"class":55},[45,110600,56892],{"class":51},[45,110602,132],{"class":59},[45,110604,110605],{"class":135},"symmetric_difference",[45,110607,156],{"class":59},[45,110609,1930],{"class":135},[45,110611,161],{"class":59},[45,110613,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,110615,153],{"class":152},[45,110617,156],{"class":59},[45,110619,740],{"class":135},[45,110621,3889],{"class":59},[45,110623,110624],{"class":1712},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110626,110627],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[31,110629,253,110631,256],{"id":110630},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110632,110515],{},[20,110634,110635,73],{},[15,110636,110520],{},[258,110638,110639,110642,110645,110648],{},[261,110640,110641],{},"returns a new set",[261,110643,110644],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[261,110646,110647],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[261,110649,110650],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110652,96334,110653,995,110655,132],{},[277,110654,96338],{"href":96337},[277,110656,110657],{"href":96341},"creating a set in Python",[31,110659,284],{"id":283},[36,110661,110663],{"className":38,"code":110662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110664,110665],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110666,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110668,100595],{"class":51},[45,110670,132],{"class":59},[45,110672,110605],{"class":135},[45,110674,156],{"class":59},[45,110676,100604],{"class":135},[45,110678,161],{"class":59},[20,110680,110681],{},"Notes:",[258,110683,110684,110689,110694,110697],{},[261,110685,110686,110688],{},[15,110687,100595],{}," must be a set",[261,110690,110691,110693],{},[15,110692,100604],{}," can be any iterable",[261,110695,110696],{},"the result is always a set",[261,110698,110699],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110701,361],{},[36,110703,110705],{"className":38,"code":110704,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110706,110707,110728,110749,110753,110772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110708,110709,110712,110714,110716,110718,110720,110722,110724,110726],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110710,110711],{"class":51},"set1 ",[45,110713,56],{"class":55},[45,110715,60],{"class":59},[45,110717,1430],{"class":96},[45,110719,84],{"class":59},[45,110721,1035],{"class":96},[45,110723,84],{"class":59},[45,110725,1063],{"class":96},[45,110727,118],{"class":59},[45,110729,110730,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745,110747],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110731,110732],{"class":51},"set2 ",[45,110734,56],{"class":55},[45,110736,60],{"class":59},[45,110738,2294],{"class":96},[45,110740,84],{"class":59},[45,110742,2687],{"class":96},[45,110744,84],{"class":59},[45,110746,4828],{"class":96},[45,110748,118],{"class":59},[45,110750,110751],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,110752,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,110754,110755,110757,110759,110762,110764,110766,110768,110770],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,110756,716],{"class":51},[45,110758,56],{"class":55},[45,110760,110761],{"class":51}," set1",[45,110763,132],{"class":59},[45,110765,110605],{"class":135},[45,110767,156],{"class":59},[45,110769,100604],{"class":135},[45,110771,161],{"class":59},[45,110773,110774,110776,110778,110780],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,110775,153],{"class":152},[45,110777,156],{"class":59},[45,110779,740],{"class":135},[45,110781,161],{"class":59},[20,110783,182],{},[36,110785,110787],{"className":38,"code":110786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110788,110789],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110790,110791,110793,110795,110797,110799,110801,110803,110805,110807],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110792,9495],{"class":59},[45,110794,1430],{"class":96},[45,110796,84],{"class":59},[45,110798,1035],{"class":96},[45,110800,84],{"class":59},[45,110802,2687],{"class":96},[45,110804,84],{"class":59},[45,110806,4828],{"class":96},[45,110808,118],{"class":59},[31,110810,110812],{"id":110811},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110814,110815],{},"The result includes:",[258,110817,110818,110821],{},[261,110819,110820],{},"items only in the first set",[261,110822,110823],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110825,110826,110827,11291],{},"The result does ",[355,110828,4854],{},[258,110830,110831],{},[261,110832,110833],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110835,5693],{},[258,110837,110838,110843],{},[261,110839,110840,110841],{},"first set: ",[15,110842,100292],{},[261,110844,110845,110846],{},"second set: ",[15,110847,110848],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110850,4275,110851,110853],{},[15,110852,2294],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110855,110856],{},"The output is:",[36,110858,110859],{"className":38,"code":110786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,110860,110861],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110862,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110864,9495],{"class":59},[45,110866,1430],{"class":96},[45,110868,84],{"class":59},[45,110870,1035],{"class":96},[45,110872,84],{"class":59},[45,110874,2687],{"class":96},[45,110876,84],{"class":59},[45,110878,4828],{"class":96},[45,110880,118],{"class":59},[20,110882,110883],{},"Also remember:",[258,110885,110886,110889],{},[261,110887,110888],{},"sets are unordered",[261,110890,110891],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[31,110893,640],{"id":639},[20,110895,110896],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[36,110898,110900],{"className":38,"code":110899,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110901,110902,110934,110958,110962,110980,110984],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,110903,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,110905,107035],{"class":51},[45,110907,56],{"class":55},[45,110909,60],{"class":59},[45,110911,64],{"class":63},[45,110913,13291],{"class":67},[45,110915,64],{"class":63},[45,110917,84],{"class":59},[45,110919,76],{"class":63},[45,110921,703],{"class":67},[45,110923,64],{"class":63},[45,110925,84],{"class":59},[45,110927,76],{"class":63},[45,110929,17637],{"class":67},[45,110931,64],{"class":63},[45,110933,118],{"class":59},[45,110935,110936,110938,110940,110942,110944,110946,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,110937,107068],{"class":51},[45,110939,56],{"class":55},[45,110941,60],{"class":59},[45,110943,64],{"class":63},[45,110945,17637],{"class":67},[45,110947,64],{"class":63},[45,110949,84],{"class":59},[45,110951,76],{"class":63},[45,110953,22698],{"class":67},[45,110955,64],{"class":63},[45,110957,118],{"class":59},[45,110959,110960],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,110961,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,110963,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,110965,716],{"class":51},[45,110967,56],{"class":55},[45,110969,107110],{"class":51},[45,110971,132],{"class":59},[45,110973,110605],{"class":135},[45,110975,156],{"class":59},[45,110977,107119],{"class":135},[45,110979,161],{"class":59},[45,110981,110982],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,110983,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,110985,110986,110988,110990,110992],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,110987,153],{"class":152},[45,110989,156],{"class":59},[45,110991,740],{"class":135},[45,110993,161],{"class":59},[20,110995,182],{},[36,110997,110999],{"className":38,"code":110998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111000,111001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111002,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111004,9495],{"class":59},[45,111006,198],{"class":63},[45,111008,13291],{"class":67},[45,111010,198],{"class":63},[45,111012,84],{"class":59},[45,111014,211],{"class":63},[45,111016,703],{"class":67},[45,111018,198],{"class":63},[45,111020,84],{"class":59},[45,111022,211],{"class":63},[45,111024,22698],{"class":67},[45,111026,198],{"class":63},[45,111028,118],{"class":59},[20,111030,13603],{},[258,111032,111033,111038,111049],{},[261,111034,111035,111037],{},[15,111036,96503],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[261,111039,111040,329,111042,111045,111046,111048],{},[15,111041,65399],{},[15,111043,111044],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111047,107172],{},", so they stay",[261,111050,111051,111053,111054,111056],{},[15,111052,109811],{}," is only in ",[15,111055,107119],{},", so it stays",[31,111058,111060,1174,111062],{"id":111059},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111061,110515],{},[15,111063,100424],{},[20,111065,111066],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111068,111069,73],{},[15,111070,100424],{},[258,111072,111073,111076],{},[261,111074,111075],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[261,111077,111078],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111080,111081,73],{},[15,111082,110515],{},[258,111084,111085,111088],{},[261,111086,111087],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[261,111089,111090],{},"removes shared items",[20,111092,361],{},[36,111094,111096],{"className":38,"code":111095,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111097,111098,111118,111138,111142,111163],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111099,111100,111102,111104,111106,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111101,2784],{"class":51},[45,111103,56],{"class":55},[45,111105,60],{"class":59},[45,111107,1430],{"class":96},[45,111109,84],{"class":59},[45,111111,1035],{"class":96},[45,111113,84],{"class":59},[45,111115,1063],{"class":96},[45,111117,118],{"class":59},[45,111119,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111121,2812],{"class":51},[45,111123,56],{"class":55},[45,111125,60],{"class":59},[45,111127,2294],{"class":96},[45,111129,84],{"class":59},[45,111131,2687],{"class":96},[45,111133,84],{"class":59},[45,111135,4828],{"class":96},[45,111137,118],{"class":59},[45,111139,111140],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,111141,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,111143,111144,111146,111148,111150,111152,111154,111156,111158,111160],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,111145,153],{"class":152},[45,111147,156],{"class":59},[45,111149,277],{"class":135},[45,111151,132],{"class":59},[45,111153,3042],{"class":135},[45,111155,156],{"class":59},[45,111157,1930],{"class":135},[45,111159,5582],{"class":59},[45,111161,111162],{"class":1712},"            # {1, 2}\n",[45,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,111166,153],{"class":152},[45,111168,156],{"class":59},[45,111170,277],{"class":135},[45,111172,132],{"class":59},[45,111174,110605],{"class":135},[45,111176,156],{"class":59},[45,111178,1930],{"class":135},[45,111180,5582],{"class":59},[45,111182,110624],{"class":1712},[20,111184,1363],{},[258,111186,111187,111194],{},[261,111188,111189,111193],{},[277,111190,111191],{"href":102850},[15,111192,100424],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[261,111195,111196,111198],{},[15,111197,110515],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[31,111200,111202,1174,111204],{"id":111201},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111203,110515],{},[15,111205,102809],{},[20,111207,111208,111210],{},[15,111209,102809],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111212,111213,111215],{},[15,111214,110515],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111217,361],{},[36,111219,111221],{"className":38,"code":111220,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111222,111223,111243,111263,111267,111289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111224,111225,111227,111229,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111226,2784],{"class":51},[45,111228,56],{"class":55},[45,111230,60],{"class":59},[45,111232,1430],{"class":96},[45,111234,84],{"class":59},[45,111236,1035],{"class":96},[45,111238,84],{"class":59},[45,111240,1063],{"class":96},[45,111242,118],{"class":59},[45,111244,111245,111247,111249,111251,111253,111255,111257,111259,111261],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111246,2812],{"class":51},[45,111248,56],{"class":55},[45,111250,60],{"class":59},[45,111252,2294],{"class":96},[45,111254,84],{"class":59},[45,111256,2687],{"class":96},[45,111258,84],{"class":59},[45,111260,4828],{"class":96},[45,111262,118],{"class":59},[45,111264,111265],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,111266,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,111268,111269,111271,111273,111275,111277,111280,111282,111284,111286],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,111270,153],{"class":152},[45,111272,156],{"class":59},[45,111274,277],{"class":135},[45,111276,132],{"class":59},[45,111278,111279],{"class":135},"union",[45,111281,156],{"class":59},[45,111283,1930],{"class":135},[45,111285,5582],{"class":59},[45,111287,111288],{"class":1712},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[45,111290,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301,111303,111305,111307],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,111292,153],{"class":152},[45,111294,156],{"class":59},[45,111296,277],{"class":135},[45,111298,132],{"class":59},[45,111300,110605],{"class":135},[45,111302,156],{"class":59},[45,111304,1930],{"class":135},[45,111306,5582],{"class":59},[45,111308,110624],{"class":1712},[20,111310,27377],{},[258,111312,111313,111318],{},[261,111314,111315,111317],{},[15,111316,102809],{}," includes everything",[261,111319,111320,111322],{},[15,111321,110515],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111324,1363],{},[258,111326,111327,111334],{},[261,111328,111329,111333],{},[277,111330,111331],{"href":107740},[15,111332,102809],{}," when overlap does not matter",[261,111335,111336,111338],{},[15,111337,110515],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[31,111340,36608,111342,101608],{"id":111341},"using-the-operator",[15,111343,111344],{},"^",[20,111346,111347,111348,111350,111351,132],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111349,111344],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111352,110515],{},[20,111354,361],{},[36,111356,111358],{"className":38,"code":111357,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111359,111360,111380,111400,111404,111422],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111361,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111363,110711],{"class":51},[45,111365,56],{"class":55},[45,111367,60],{"class":59},[45,111369,1430],{"class":96},[45,111371,84],{"class":59},[45,111373,1035],{"class":96},[45,111375,84],{"class":59},[45,111377,1063],{"class":96},[45,111379,118],{"class":59},[45,111381,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392,111394,111396,111398],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111383,110732],{"class":51},[45,111385,56],{"class":55},[45,111387,60],{"class":59},[45,111389,2294],{"class":96},[45,111391,84],{"class":59},[45,111393,2687],{"class":96},[45,111395,84],{"class":59},[45,111397,4828],{"class":96},[45,111399,118],{"class":59},[45,111401,111402],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,111403,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,111405,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,111407,153],{"class":152},[45,111409,156],{"class":59},[45,111411,100595],{"class":135},[45,111413,132],{"class":59},[45,111415,110605],{"class":135},[45,111417,156],{"class":59},[45,111419,100604],{"class":135},[45,111421,179],{"class":59},[45,111423,111424,111426,111428,111430,111432,111435],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,111425,153],{"class":152},[45,111427,156],{"class":59},[45,111429,110711],{"class":135},[45,111431,111344],{"class":55},[45,111433,111434],{"class":135}," set2",[45,111436,161],{"class":59},[20,111438,30185],{},[36,111440,111442],{"className":38,"code":111441,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111443,111444,111464],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111445,111446,111448,111450,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111447,9495],{"class":59},[45,111449,1430],{"class":96},[45,111451,84],{"class":59},[45,111453,1035],{"class":96},[45,111455,84],{"class":59},[45,111457,2687],{"class":96},[45,111459,84],{"class":59},[45,111461,4828],{"class":96},[45,111463,118],{"class":59},[45,111465,111466,111468,111470,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111467,9495],{"class":59},[45,111469,1430],{"class":96},[45,111471,84],{"class":59},[45,111473,1035],{"class":96},[45,111475,84],{"class":59},[45,111477,2687],{"class":96},[45,111479,84],{"class":59},[45,111481,4828],{"class":96},[45,111483,118],{"class":59},[20,111485,111486],{},"Both forms:",[258,111488,111489,111492],{},[261,111490,111491],{},"return a new set",[261,111493,111494],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111496,111497],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[31,111499,1391],{"id":1390},[20,111501,21390,111502,73],{},[15,111503,110515],{},[258,111505,111506,111514,111524,111539],{},[261,111507,111508,111511,111513],{},[355,111509,111510],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10058,111512],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[261,111515,111516,111519,111521,111523],{},[355,111517,111518],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10058,111520],{},[15,111522,110515],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[261,111525,111526,111531,111533,111535,111536,111538],{},[355,111527,111528,111529],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111530,100424],{},[10058,111532],{},[15,111534,100424],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111537,110515],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[261,111540,111541,111544,111546],{},[355,111542,111543],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10058,111545],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111548,58867],{},[258,111550,111551,111560,111563,111566],{},[261,111552,50494,111553,44630,111555,111559],{},[15,111554,110515],{},[277,111556,111557],{"href":107740},[15,111558,102809],{}," is actually needed",[261,111561,111562],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[261,111564,111565],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[261,111567,111568],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111570,111571,111572,132],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[277,111573,99088],{"href":105353},[20,111575,62301],{},[36,111577,111579],{"className":38,"code":111578,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111580,111581,111591,111601,111619,111633,111647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111582,111583,111585,111587,111589],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111584,153],{"class":152},[45,111586,156],{"class":59},[45,111588,100595],{"class":135},[45,111590,161],{"class":59},[45,111592,111593,111595,111597,111599],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111594,153],{"class":152},[45,111596,156],{"class":59},[45,111598,100604],{"class":135},[45,111600,161],{"class":59},[45,111602,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,111604,153],{"class":152},[45,111606,156],{"class":59},[45,111608,100595],{"class":135},[45,111610,132],{"class":59},[45,111612,110605],{"class":135},[45,111614,156],{"class":59},[45,111616,100604],{"class":135},[45,111618,179],{"class":59},[45,111620,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,111622,153],{"class":152},[45,111624,156],{"class":59},[45,111626,110711],{"class":135},[45,111628,111344],{"class":55},[45,111630,111434],{"class":135},[45,111632,161],{"class":59},[45,111634,111635,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,111636,153],{"class":152},[45,111638,156],{"class":59},[45,111640,1478],{"class":171},[45,111642,156],{"class":59},[45,111644,100595],{"class":135},[45,111646,179],{"class":59},[45,111648,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,111650,153],{"class":152},[45,111652,156],{"class":59},[45,111654,1478],{"class":171},[45,111656,156],{"class":59},[45,111658,100604],{"class":135},[45,111660,179],{"class":59},[31,111662,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,111664,2062,111666,102749],{"id":111665},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111667,110515],{},[20,111669,102752],{},[1398,111671,5400,111673,329,111675,2079],{"id":111672},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111674,110515],{},[15,111676,100424],{},[20,111678,111679,111681,111682,111684],{},[15,111680,100424],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111683,110515],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1398,111686,28485,111688,111690],{"id":111687},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111689,110515],{}," with lists?",[20,111692,111693],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111695,361],{},[36,111697,111699],{"className":38,"code":111698,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111700,111701,111721,111741,111745,111772],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111702,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111704,80665],{"class":51},[45,111706,56],{"class":55},[45,111708,1427],{"class":59},[45,111710,1430],{"class":96},[45,111712,84],{"class":59},[45,111714,1035],{"class":96},[45,111716,84],{"class":59},[45,111718,1063],{"class":96},[45,111720,244],{"class":59},[45,111722,111723,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111724,80686],{"class":51},[45,111726,56],{"class":55},[45,111728,1427],{"class":59},[45,111730,2294],{"class":96},[45,111732,84],{"class":59},[45,111734,2687],{"class":96},[45,111736,84],{"class":59},[45,111738,4828],{"class":96},[45,111740,244],{"class":59},[45,111742,111743],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,111744,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,111746,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,111748,716],{"class":51},[45,111750,56],{"class":55},[45,111752,15827],{"class":171},[45,111754,156],{"class":59},[45,111756,111757],{"class":135},"list1",[45,111759,8849],{"class":59},[45,111761,110605],{"class":135},[45,111763,156],{"class":59},[45,111765,6508],{"class":171},[45,111767,156],{"class":59},[45,111769,80952],{"class":135},[45,111771,179],{"class":59},[45,111773,111774,111776,111778,111780],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,111775,153],{"class":152},[45,111777,156],{"class":59},[45,111779,740],{"class":135},[45,111781,161],{"class":59},[20,111783,182],{},[36,111785,111786],{"className":38,"code":110786,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,111787,111788],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111789,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111791,9495],{"class":59},[45,111793,1430],{"class":96},[45,111795,84],{"class":59},[45,111797,1035],{"class":96},[45,111799,84],{"class":59},[45,111801,2687],{"class":96},[45,111803,84],{"class":59},[45,111805,4828],{"class":96},[45,111807,118],{"class":59},[1398,111809,111811],{"id":111810},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111813,111814],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[31,111816,2114],{"id":2113},[258,111818,111819,111823,111828,111834,111840],{},[261,111820,111821],{},[277,111822,96338],{"href":96337},[261,111824,111825],{},[277,111826,111827],{"href":96341},"Creating a set in Python",[261,111829,111830],{},[277,111831,96824,111832,994],{"href":102850},[15,111833,100424],{},[261,111835,111836],{},[277,111837,96824,111838,994],{"href":107740},[15,111839,102809],{},[261,111841,111842],{},[277,111843,100354],{"href":105353},[20,111845,111846,111847,2419,111849,17257,111851,111853],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111848,100424],{},[15,111850,102809],{},[15,111852,110515],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2154,111855,57246],{},{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":111857},[111858,111859,111861,111862,111863,111864,111866,111868,111870,111871,111880],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":110630,"depth":121,"text":111860},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":110811,"depth":121,"text":110812},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":111059,"depth":121,"text":111865},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111201,"depth":121,"text":111867},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111341,"depth":121,"text":111869},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":111872},[111873,111875,111877,111879],{"id":111665,"depth":142,"text":111874},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111672,"depth":142,"text":111876},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111687,"depth":142,"text":111878},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111810,"depth":142,"text":111811},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110507,"description":111881},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111888,"title":111889,"body":111890,"description":113953,"extension":2195,"meta":113954,"navigation":145,"path":107740,"seo":113955,"stem":113956,"__hash__":113957},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111891,"toc":113912},[111892,111897,111902,111905,111918,111920,112002,112007,112012,112016,112028,112031,112035,112037,112064,112066,112077,112080,112149,112151,112157,112160,112170,112172,112261,112266,112268,112275,112278,112280,112283,112403,112405,112474,112477,112494,112499,112502,112618,112620,112649,112652,112658,112663,112667,112748,112750,112778,112783,112787,112882,112884,112925,112929,112932,112999,113001,113042,113048,113063,113070,113077,113081,113087,113173,113177,113185,113256,113261,113268,113270,113276,113278,113343,113345,113361,113366,113369,113438,113442,113445,113504,113507,113511,113564,113577,113580,113633,113637,113639,113670,113673,113678,113731,113735,113738,113759,113771,113773,113826,113828,113833,113835,113841,113844,113850,113855,113859,113862,113870,113879,113881,113909],[10,111893,3802,111895,18],{"id":111894},"python-setunion-method",[15,111896,108053],{},[20,111898,111899,111901],{},[15,111900,108053],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111903,111904],{},"It is useful when you want:",[258,111906,111907,111910,111915],{},[261,111908,111909],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[261,111911,2784,111912,111914],{},[355,111913,100779],{}," as the result",[261,111916,111917],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[31,111919,34],{"id":33},[36,111921,111923],{"className":38,"code":111922,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111924,111925,111945,111965,111969,111987,111997],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,111926,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,111928,110711],{"class":51},[45,111930,56],{"class":55},[45,111932,60],{"class":59},[45,111934,1430],{"class":96},[45,111936,84],{"class":59},[45,111938,1035],{"class":96},[45,111940,84],{"class":59},[45,111942,1063],{"class":96},[45,111944,118],{"class":59},[45,111946,111947,111949,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,111948,110732],{"class":51},[45,111950,56],{"class":55},[45,111952,60],{"class":59},[45,111954,2294],{"class":96},[45,111956,84],{"class":59},[45,111958,2687],{"class":96},[45,111960,84],{"class":59},[45,111962,4828],{"class":96},[45,111964,118],{"class":59},[45,111966,111967],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,111968,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,111970,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,111972,716],{"class":51},[45,111974,56],{"class":55},[45,111976,110761],{"class":51},[45,111978,132],{"class":59},[45,111980,111279],{"class":135},[45,111982,156],{"class":59},[45,111984,100604],{"class":135},[45,111986,161],{"class":59},[45,111988,111989,111991,111993,111995],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,111990,153],{"class":152},[45,111992,156],{"class":59},[45,111994,740],{"class":135},[45,111996,161],{"class":59},[45,111998,111999],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,112000,112001],{"class":1712},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112003,112004,112006],{},[15,112005,102809],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[31,112008,253,112010,256],{"id":112009},"what-setunion-does",[15,112011,108053],{},[20,112013,112014,73],{},[15,112015,108053],{},[258,112017,112018,112021,112024,112026],{},[261,112019,112020],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[261,112022,112023],{},"keeps only unique values",[261,112025,110641],{},[261,112027,110650],{},[20,112029,112030],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112032,96334,112033,132],{},[277,112034,96338],{"href":97509},[31,112036,284],{"id":283},[36,112038,112040],{"className":38,"code":112039,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112041,112042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112043,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112045,100595],{"class":51},[45,112047,132],{"class":59},[45,112049,111279],{"class":135},[45,112051,156],{"class":59},[45,112053,100604],{"class":135},[45,112055,84],{"class":59},[45,112057,100631],{"class":135},[45,112059,84],{"class":59},[45,112061,34446],{"class":152},[45,112063,161],{"class":59},[20,112065,303],{},[258,112067,112068,112071,112074],{},[261,112069,112070],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[261,112072,112073],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[261,112075,112076],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112078,112079],{},"Example with two sets:",[36,112081,112083],{"className":38,"code":112082,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112084,112085,112101,112117,112121,112139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112086,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112088,2784],{"class":51},[45,112090,56],{"class":55},[45,112092,60],{"class":59},[45,112094,1430],{"class":96},[45,112096,84],{"class":59},[45,112098,1035],{"class":96},[45,112100,118],{"class":59},[45,112102,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112104,2812],{"class":51},[45,112106,56],{"class":55},[45,112108,60],{"class":59},[45,112110,1133],{"class":96},[45,112112,84],{"class":59},[45,112114,1063],{"class":96},[45,112116,118],{"class":59},[45,112118,112119],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112120,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112122,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133,112135,112137],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112124,716],{"class":51},[45,112126,56],{"class":55},[45,112128,56892],{"class":51},[45,112130,132],{"class":59},[45,112132,111279],{"class":135},[45,112134,156],{"class":59},[45,112136,1930],{"class":135},[45,112138,161],{"class":59},[45,112140,112141,112143,112145,112147],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,112142,153],{"class":152},[45,112144,156],{"class":59},[45,112146,740],{"class":135},[45,112148,161],{"class":59},[31,112150,22146],{"id":22145},[20,112152,112153,100776,112155,132],{},[15,112154,108053],{},[355,112156,100779],{},[20,112158,112159],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[258,112161,112162,112165],{},[261,112163,112164],{},"the original set",[261,112166,112167,112168],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112169,102809],{},[20,112171,361],{},[36,112173,112175],{"className":38,"code":112174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112176,112177,112193,112209,112213,112231,112235,112248],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112178,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112180,2784],{"class":51},[45,112182,56],{"class":55},[45,112184,60],{"class":59},[45,112186,1430],{"class":96},[45,112188,84],{"class":59},[45,112190,1035],{"class":96},[45,112192,118],{"class":59},[45,112194,112195,112197,112199,112201,112203,112205,112207],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112196,2812],{"class":51},[45,112198,56],{"class":55},[45,112200,60],{"class":59},[45,112202,1133],{"class":96},[45,112204,84],{"class":59},[45,112206,1063],{"class":96},[45,112208,118],{"class":59},[45,112210,112211],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112212,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112214,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112216,716],{"class":51},[45,112218,56],{"class":55},[45,112220,56892],{"class":51},[45,112222,132],{"class":59},[45,112224,111279],{"class":135},[45,112226,156],{"class":59},[45,112228,1930],{"class":135},[45,112230,161],{"class":59},[45,112232,112233],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,112234,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112236,112237,112239,112241,112243,112245],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,112238,153],{"class":152},[45,112240,156],{"class":59},[45,112242,740],{"class":135},[45,112244,3889],{"class":59},[45,112246,112247],{"class":1712},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[45,112249,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,112251,153],{"class":152},[45,112253,156],{"class":59},[45,112255,277],{"class":135},[45,112257,3889],{"class":59},[45,112259,112260],{"class":1712},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112262,2515,112263,112265],{},[15,112264,277],{}," did not change.",[20,112267,110883],{},[258,112269,112270,112272],{},[261,112271,110888],{},[261,112273,112274],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112276,112277],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[31,112279,640],{"id":639},[20,112281,112282],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[36,112284,112286],{"className":38,"code":112285,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112287,112288,112321,112354,112358,112378,112382,112392],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112289,112290,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112291,112292],{"class":51},"fruits1 ",[45,112294,56],{"class":55},[45,112296,60],{"class":59},[45,112298,64],{"class":63},[45,112300,1028],{"class":67},[45,112302,64],{"class":63},[45,112304,84],{"class":59},[45,112306,76],{"class":63},[45,112308,1042],{"class":67},[45,112310,64],{"class":63},[45,112312,84],{"class":59},[45,112314,76],{"class":63},[45,112316,1056],{"class":67},[45,112318,64],{"class":63},[45,112320,118],{"class":59},[45,112322,112323,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112324,112325],{"class":51},"fruits2 ",[45,112327,56],{"class":55},[45,112329,60],{"class":59},[45,112331,64],{"class":63},[45,112333,1042],{"class":67},[45,112335,64],{"class":63},[45,112337,84],{"class":59},[45,112339,76],{"class":63},[45,112341,22707],{"class":67},[45,112343,64],{"class":63},[45,112345,84],{"class":59},[45,112347,76],{"class":63},[45,112349,1056],{"class":67},[45,112351,64],{"class":63},[45,112353,118],{"class":59},[45,112355,112356],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112357,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112359,112360,112362,112364,112367,112369,112371,112373,112376],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112361,716],{"class":51},[45,112363,56],{"class":55},[45,112365,112366],{"class":51}," fruits1",[45,112368,132],{"class":59},[45,112370,111279],{"class":135},[45,112372,156],{"class":59},[45,112374,112375],{"class":135},"fruits2",[45,112377,161],{"class":59},[45,112379,112380],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,112381,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112383,112384,112386,112388,112390],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,112385,153],{"class":152},[45,112387,156],{"class":59},[45,112389,740],{"class":135},[45,112391,161],{"class":59},[45,112393,112394,112396,112398,112401],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,112395,153],{"class":152},[45,112397,156],{"class":59},[45,112399,112400],{"class":135},"fruits1",[45,112402,161],{"class":59},[20,112404,30185],{},[36,112406,112408],{"className":38,"code":112407,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112409,112410,112446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112411,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112413,9495],{"class":59},[45,112415,198],{"class":63},[45,112417,1042],{"class":67},[45,112419,198],{"class":63},[45,112421,84],{"class":59},[45,112423,211],{"class":63},[45,112425,1056],{"class":67},[45,112427,198],{"class":63},[45,112429,84],{"class":59},[45,112431,211],{"class":63},[45,112433,1028],{"class":67},[45,112435,198],{"class":63},[45,112437,84],{"class":59},[45,112439,211],{"class":63},[45,112441,22707],{"class":67},[45,112443,198],{"class":63},[45,112445,118],{"class":59},[45,112447,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112449,9495],{"class":59},[45,112451,198],{"class":63},[45,112453,1042],{"class":67},[45,112455,198],{"class":63},[45,112457,84],{"class":59},[45,112459,211],{"class":63},[45,112461,1056],{"class":67},[45,112463,198],{"class":63},[45,112465,84],{"class":59},[45,112467,211],{"class":63},[45,112469,1028],{"class":67},[45,112471,198],{"class":63},[45,112473,118],{"class":59},[20,112475,112476],{},"What this shows:",[258,112478,112479,112486,112489],{},[261,112480,112481,329,112483,112485],{},[15,112482,65281],{},[15,112484,65708],{}," appear in both sets",[261,112487,112488],{},"they appear only once in the result",[261,112490,112491,112493],{},[15,112492,112400],{}," stays unchanged",[31,112495,1797,112497,101168],{"id":112496},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112498,102809],{},[20,112500,112501],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[36,112503,112505],{"className":38,"code":112504,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112506,112507,112523,112539,112556,112573,112577,112604,112608],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112508,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112510,110711],{"class":51},[45,112512,56],{"class":55},[45,112514,60],{"class":59},[45,112516,1430],{"class":96},[45,112518,84],{"class":59},[45,112520,1035],{"class":96},[45,112522,118],{"class":59},[45,112524,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112526,110732],{"class":51},[45,112528,56],{"class":55},[45,112530,60],{"class":59},[45,112532,1133],{"class":96},[45,112534,84],{"class":59},[45,112536,1063],{"class":96},[45,112538,118],{"class":59},[45,112540,112541,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112542,112543],{"class":51},"set3 ",[45,112545,56],{"class":55},[45,112547,60],{"class":59},[45,112549,2294],{"class":96},[45,112551,84],{"class":59},[45,112553,2687],{"class":96},[45,112555,118],{"class":59},[45,112557,112558,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112559,112560],{"class":51},"set4 ",[45,112562,56],{"class":55},[45,112564,60],{"class":59},[45,112566,2734],{"class":96},[45,112568,84],{"class":59},[45,112570,4828],{"class":96},[45,112572,118],{"class":59},[45,112574,112575],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,112576,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112578,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112602],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,112580,716],{"class":51},[45,112582,56],{"class":55},[45,112584,110761],{"class":51},[45,112586,132],{"class":59},[45,112588,111279],{"class":135},[45,112590,156],{"class":59},[45,112592,100604],{"class":135},[45,112594,84],{"class":59},[45,112596,100631],{"class":135},[45,112598,84],{"class":59},[45,112600,112601],{"class":135}," set4",[45,112603,161],{"class":59},[45,112605,112606],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,112607,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112609,112610,112612,112614,112616],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,112611,153],{"class":152},[45,112613,156],{"class":59},[45,112615,740],{"class":135},[45,112617,161],{"class":59},[20,112619,30185],{},[36,112621,112623],{"className":38,"code":112622,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112624,112625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112626,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641,112643,112645,112647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112628,9495],{"class":59},[45,112630,1430],{"class":96},[45,112632,84],{"class":59},[45,112634,1035],{"class":96},[45,112636,84],{"class":59},[45,112638,1063],{"class":96},[45,112640,84],{"class":59},[45,112642,2687],{"class":96},[45,112644,84],{"class":59},[45,112646,4828],{"class":96},[45,112648,118],{"class":59},[20,112650,112651],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[31,112653,1797,112655,112657],{"id":112654},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112656,102809],{}," with other iterables",[20,112659,112660,112662],{},[15,112661,102809],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1398,112664,112666],{"id":112665},"with-a-list","With a list",[36,112668,112670],{"className":38,"code":112669,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112671,112672,112692,112716,112720,112738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112673,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112675,3846],{"class":51},[45,112677,56],{"class":55},[45,112679,60],{"class":59},[45,112681,1430],{"class":96},[45,112683,84],{"class":59},[45,112685,1035],{"class":96},[45,112687,84],{"class":59},[45,112689,1063],{"class":96},[45,112691,118],{"class":59},[45,112693,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112712,112714],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112695,61053],{"class":51},[45,112697,56],{"class":55},[45,112699,1427],{"class":59},[45,112701,2294],{"class":96},[45,112703,84],{"class":59},[45,112705,2687],{"class":96},[45,112707,84],{"class":59},[45,112709,4828],{"class":96},[45,112711,84],{"class":59},[45,112713,4828],{"class":96},[45,112715,244],{"class":59},[45,112717,112718],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112719,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112721,112722,112724,112726,112728,112730,112732,112734,112736],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112723,716],{"class":51},[45,112725,56],{"class":55},[45,112727,4488],{"class":51},[45,112729,132],{"class":59},[45,112731,111279],{"class":135},[45,112733,156],{"class":59},[45,112735,61082],{"class":135},[45,112737,161],{"class":59},[45,112739,112740,112742,112744,112746],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,112741,153],{"class":152},[45,112743,156],{"class":59},[45,112745,740],{"class":135},[45,112747,161],{"class":59},[20,112749,30185],{},[36,112751,112752],{"className":38,"code":112622,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,112753,112754],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112755,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772,112774,112776],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112757,9495],{"class":59},[45,112759,1430],{"class":96},[45,112761,84],{"class":59},[45,112763,1035],{"class":96},[45,112765,84],{"class":59},[45,112767,1063],{"class":96},[45,112769,84],{"class":59},[45,112771,2687],{"class":96},[45,112773,84],{"class":59},[45,112775,4828],{"class":96},[45,112777,118],{"class":59},[20,112779,21156,112780,112782],{},[15,112781,2366],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1398,112784,112786],{"id":112785},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[36,112788,112790],{"className":38,"code":112789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112791,112792,112816,112849,112853,112872],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112793,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802,112804,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112795,36085],{"class":51},[45,112797,56],{"class":55},[45,112799,60],{"class":59},[45,112801,64],{"class":63},[45,112803,277],{"class":67},[45,112805,64],{"class":63},[45,112807,84],{"class":59},[45,112809,76],{"class":63},[45,112811,1930],{"class":67},[45,112813,64],{"class":63},[45,112815,118],{"class":59},[45,112817,112818,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112819,112820],{"class":51},"more_letters ",[45,112822,56],{"class":55},[45,112824,9453],{"class":59},[45,112826,64],{"class":63},[45,112828,1930],{"class":67},[45,112830,64],{"class":63},[45,112832,84],{"class":59},[45,112834,76],{"class":63},[45,112836,9951],{"class":67},[45,112838,64],{"class":63},[45,112840,84],{"class":59},[45,112842,76],{"class":63},[45,112844,18946],{"class":67},[45,112846,64],{"class":63},[45,112848,161],{"class":59},[45,112850,112851],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112852,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112854,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112870],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112856,716],{"class":51},[45,112858,56],{"class":55},[45,112860,70103],{"class":51},[45,112862,132],{"class":59},[45,112864,111279],{"class":135},[45,112866,156],{"class":59},[45,112868,112869],{"class":135},"more_letters",[45,112871,161],{"class":59},[45,112873,112874,112876,112878,112880],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,112875,153],{"class":152},[45,112877,156],{"class":59},[45,112879,740],{"class":135},[45,112881,161],{"class":59},[20,112883,30185],{},[36,112885,112887],{"className":38,"code":112886,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112888,112889],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112890,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112892,9495],{"class":59},[45,112894,198],{"class":63},[45,112896,277],{"class":67},[45,112898,198],{"class":63},[45,112900,84],{"class":59},[45,112902,211],{"class":63},[45,112904,1930],{"class":67},[45,112906,198],{"class":63},[45,112908,84],{"class":59},[45,112910,211],{"class":63},[45,112912,9951],{"class":67},[45,112914,198],{"class":63},[45,112916,84],{"class":59},[45,112918,211],{"class":63},[45,112920,18946],{"class":67},[45,112922,198],{"class":63},[45,112924,118],{"class":59},[1398,112926,112928],{"id":112927},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112930,112931],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[36,112933,112935],{"className":38,"code":112934,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112936,112937,112962,112985,112989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,112938,112939,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,112940,112941],{"class":51},"chars ",[45,112943,56],{"class":55},[45,112945,60],{"class":59},[45,112947,64],{"class":63},[45,112949,277],{"class":67},[45,112951,64],{"class":63},[45,112953,84],{"class":59},[45,112955,76],{"class":63},[45,112957,1930],{"class":67},[45,112959,64],{"class":63},[45,112961,118],{"class":59},[45,112963,112964,112966,112968,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,112965,716],{"class":51},[45,112967,56],{"class":55},[45,112969,112970],{"class":51}," chars",[45,112972,132],{"class":59},[45,112974,111279],{"class":135},[45,112976,156],{"class":59},[45,112978,64],{"class":63},[45,112980,37043],{"class":67},[45,112982,64],{"class":63},[45,112984,161],{"class":59},[45,112986,112987],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,112988,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,112990,112991,112993,112995,112997],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,112992,153],{"class":152},[45,112994,156],{"class":59},[45,112996,740],{"class":135},[45,112998,161],{"class":59},[20,113000,30185],{},[36,113002,113004],{"className":38,"code":113003,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113005,113006],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113007,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113009,9495],{"class":59},[45,113011,198],{"class":63},[45,113013,277],{"class":67},[45,113015,198],{"class":63},[45,113017,84],{"class":59},[45,113019,211],{"class":63},[45,113021,1930],{"class":67},[45,113023,198],{"class":63},[45,113025,84],{"class":59},[45,113027,211],{"class":63},[45,113029,9951],{"class":67},[45,113031,198],{"class":63},[45,113033,84],{"class":59},[45,113035,211],{"class":63},[45,113037,63293],{"class":67},[45,113039,198],{"class":63},[45,113041,118],{"class":59},[20,113043,22364,113044,113047],{},[15,113045,113046],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[258,113049,113050,113054,113058],{},[261,113051,113052],{},[15,113053,66488],{},[261,113055,113056],{},[15,113057,18277],{},[261,113059,113060],{},[15,113061,113062],{},"\"t\"",[31,113064,113066,1174,113068],{"id":113065},"union-vs-update",[15,113067,102809],{},[15,113069,15147],{},[20,113071,113072,329,113074,113076],{},[15,113073,102809],{},[15,113075,15147],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1398,113078,113079],{"id":111279},[15,113080,102809],{},[258,113082,113083,113085],{},[261,113084,110641],{},[261,113086,110650],{},[36,113088,113089],{"className":38,"code":112174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,113090,113091,113107,113123,113127,113145,113149,113161],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113092,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113094,2784],{"class":51},[45,113096,56],{"class":55},[45,113098,60],{"class":59},[45,113100,1430],{"class":96},[45,113102,84],{"class":59},[45,113104,1035],{"class":96},[45,113106,118],{"class":59},[45,113108,113109,113111,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113110,2812],{"class":51},[45,113112,56],{"class":55},[45,113114,60],{"class":59},[45,113116,1133],{"class":96},[45,113118,84],{"class":59},[45,113120,1063],{"class":96},[45,113122,118],{"class":59},[45,113124,113125],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113126,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113128,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,113130,716],{"class":51},[45,113132,56],{"class":55},[45,113134,56892],{"class":51},[45,113136,132],{"class":59},[45,113138,111279],{"class":135},[45,113140,156],{"class":59},[45,113142,1930],{"class":135},[45,113144,161],{"class":59},[45,113146,113147],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,113148,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113150,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,113152,153],{"class":152},[45,113154,156],{"class":59},[45,113156,740],{"class":135},[45,113158,3889],{"class":59},[45,113160,112247],{"class":1712},[45,113162,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,113164,153],{"class":152},[45,113166,156],{"class":59},[45,113168,277],{"class":135},[45,113170,3889],{"class":59},[45,113172,112260],{"class":1712},[1398,113174,113175],{"id":30619},[15,113176,15147],{},[258,113178,113179,113182],{},[261,113180,113181],{},"changes the existing set in place",[261,113183,113184],{},"does not create a separate result set",[36,113186,113188],{"className":38,"code":113187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113189,113190,113206,113222,113226,113240,113244],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113191,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113193,2784],{"class":51},[45,113195,56],{"class":55},[45,113197,60],{"class":59},[45,113199,1430],{"class":96},[45,113201,84],{"class":59},[45,113203,1035],{"class":96},[45,113205,118],{"class":59},[45,113207,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113209,2812],{"class":51},[45,113211,56],{"class":55},[45,113213,60],{"class":59},[45,113215,1133],{"class":96},[45,113217,84],{"class":59},[45,113219,1063],{"class":96},[45,113221,118],{"class":59},[45,113223,113224],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113225,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113227,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,113229,277],{"class":51},[45,113231,132],{"class":59},[45,113233,30619],{"class":135},[45,113235,156],{"class":59},[45,113237,1930],{"class":135},[45,113239,161],{"class":59},[45,113241,113242],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,113243,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113245,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,113247,153],{"class":152},[45,113249,156],{"class":59},[45,113251,277],{"class":135},[45,113253,3889],{"class":59},[45,113255,112247],{"class":1712},[20,113257,1006,113258,113260],{},[15,113259,102809],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113262,113263,113264,132],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[277,113265,3802,113266,994],{"href":98529},[15,113267,97324],{},[31,113269,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,113271,8670,113273,113275],{"id":113272},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113274,102809],{}," to change the original set",[20,113277,81834],{},[36,113279,113281],{"className":38,"code":113280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113282,113283,113299,113315,113319,113333],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113284,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113286,2784],{"class":51},[45,113288,56],{"class":55},[45,113290,60],{"class":59},[45,113292,1430],{"class":96},[45,113294,84],{"class":59},[45,113296,1035],{"class":96},[45,113298,118],{"class":59},[45,113300,113301,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113302,2812],{"class":51},[45,113304,56],{"class":55},[45,113306,60],{"class":59},[45,113308,1133],{"class":96},[45,113310,84],{"class":59},[45,113312,1063],{"class":96},[45,113314,118],{"class":59},[45,113316,113317],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113318,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113320,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,113322,277],{"class":51},[45,113324,132],{"class":59},[45,113326,111279],{"class":135},[45,113328,156],{"class":59},[45,113330,1930],{"class":135},[45,113332,161],{"class":59},[45,113334,113335,113337,113339,113341],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,113336,153],{"class":152},[45,113338,156],{"class":59},[45,113340,277],{"class":135},[45,113342,161],{"class":59},[20,113344,182],{},[36,113346,113347],{"className":38,"code":100517,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,113348,113349],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113350,113351,113353,113355,113357,113359],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113352,9495],{"class":59},[45,113354,1430],{"class":96},[45,113356,84],{"class":59},[45,113358,1035],{"class":96},[45,113360,118],{"class":59},[20,113362,8713,113363,113365],{},[15,113364,102809],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113367,113368],{},"Fix it like this:",[36,113370,113372],{"className":38,"code":113371,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113373,113374,113390,113406,113410,113428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113375,113376,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113377,2784],{"class":51},[45,113379,56],{"class":55},[45,113381,60],{"class":59},[45,113383,1430],{"class":96},[45,113385,84],{"class":59},[45,113387,1035],{"class":96},[45,113389,118],{"class":59},[45,113391,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113393,2812],{"class":51},[45,113395,56],{"class":55},[45,113397,60],{"class":59},[45,113399,1133],{"class":96},[45,113401,84],{"class":59},[45,113403,1063],{"class":96},[45,113405,118],{"class":59},[45,113407,113408],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113409,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113411,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424,113426],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,113413,2784],{"class":51},[45,113415,56],{"class":55},[45,113417,56892],{"class":51},[45,113419,132],{"class":59},[45,113421,111279],{"class":135},[45,113423,156],{"class":59},[45,113425,1930],{"class":135},[45,113427,161],{"class":59},[45,113429,113430,113432,113434,113436],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,113431,153],{"class":152},[45,113433,156],{"class":59},[45,113435,277],{"class":135},[45,113437,161],{"class":59},[1398,113439,113441],{"id":113440},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113443,113444],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[36,113446,113448],{"className":38,"code":113447,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113449,113450,113466,113482,113486],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113451,113452,113454,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113453,2784],{"class":51},[45,113455,56],{"class":55},[45,113457,60],{"class":59},[45,113459,2294],{"class":96},[45,113461,84],{"class":59},[45,113463,1049],{"class":96},[45,113465,118],{"class":59},[45,113467,113468,113470,113472,113474,113476,113478,113480],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113469,2812],{"class":51},[45,113471,56],{"class":55},[45,113473,60],{"class":59},[45,113475,1133],{"class":96},[45,113477,84],{"class":59},[45,113479,2687],{"class":96},[45,113481,118],{"class":59},[45,113483,113484],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113485,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,113487,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496,113498,113500,113502],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,113489,153],{"class":152},[45,113491,156],{"class":59},[45,113493,277],{"class":135},[45,113495,132],{"class":59},[45,113497,111279],{"class":135},[45,113499,156],{"class":59},[45,113501,1930],{"class":135},[45,113503,179],{"class":59},[20,113505,113506],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1398,113508,113510],{"id":113509},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[36,113512,113514],{"className":38,"code":113513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113515,113516,113532,113554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113517,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113519,4296],{"class":51},[45,113521,56],{"class":55},[45,113523,60],{"class":59},[45,113525,64],{"class":63},[45,113527,58132],{"class":67},[45,113529,64],{"class":63},[45,113531,118],{"class":59},[45,113533,113534,113536,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550,113552],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113535,716],{"class":51},[45,113537,56],{"class":55},[45,113539,6389],{"class":51},[45,113541,132],{"class":59},[45,113543,111279],{"class":135},[45,113545,156],{"class":59},[45,113547,64],{"class":63},[45,113549,37043],{"class":67},[45,113551,64],{"class":63},[45,113553,161],{"class":59},[45,113555,113556,113558,113560,113562],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113557,153],{"class":152},[45,113559,156],{"class":59},[45,113561,740],{"class":135},[45,113563,161],{"class":59},[20,113565,113566,113567,2419,113569,17257,113571,113573,113574,113576],{},"This adds ",[15,113568,66488],{},[15,113570,18277],{},[15,113572,113062],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113575,113046],{}," as one item.",[20,113578,113579],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[36,113581,113583],{"className":38,"code":113582,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113584,113585,113601,113623],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113586,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113588,4296],{"class":51},[45,113590,56],{"class":55},[45,113592,60],{"class":59},[45,113594,64],{"class":63},[45,113596,58132],{"class":67},[45,113598,64],{"class":63},[45,113600,118],{"class":59},[45,113602,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113604,716],{"class":51},[45,113606,56],{"class":55},[45,113608,6389],{"class":51},[45,113610,132],{"class":59},[45,113612,111279],{"class":135},[45,113614,195],{"class":59},[45,113616,64],{"class":63},[45,113618,37043],{"class":67},[45,113620,64],{"class":63},[45,113622,218],{"class":59},[45,113624,113625,113627,113629,113631],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113626,153],{"class":152},[45,113628,156],{"class":59},[45,113630,740],{"class":135},[45,113632,161],{"class":59},[1398,113634,113636],{"id":113635},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113638,3068],{},[36,113640,113642],{"className":38,"code":113641,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113643,113644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113645,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113647,15822],{"class":51},[45,113649,56],{"class":55},[45,113651,60],{"class":59},[45,113653,1430],{"class":96},[45,113655,84],{"class":59},[45,113657,1035],{"class":96},[45,113659,84],{"class":59},[45,113661,1427],{"class":59},[45,113663,2294],{"class":96},[45,113665,84],{"class":59},[45,113667,2687],{"class":96},[45,113669,13898],{"class":59},[20,113671,113672],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113674,113675,113676,73],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113677,102809],{},[36,113679,113681],{"className":38,"code":113680,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113682,113683,113699,113721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113684,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113686,15822],{"class":51},[45,113688,56],{"class":55},[45,113690,60],{"class":59},[45,113692,1430],{"class":96},[45,113694,84],{"class":59},[45,113696,1035],{"class":96},[45,113698,118],{"class":59},[45,113700,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113702,716],{"class":51},[45,113704,56],{"class":55},[45,113706,96934],{"class":51},[45,113708,132],{"class":59},[45,113710,111279],{"class":135},[45,113712,195],{"class":59},[45,113714,2294],{"class":96},[45,113716,84],{"class":59},[45,113718,2687],{"class":96},[45,113720,218],{"class":59},[45,113722,113723,113725,113727,113729],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113724,153],{"class":152},[45,113726,156],{"class":59},[45,113728,740],{"class":135},[45,113730,161],{"class":59},[31,113732,113734],{"id":113733},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113736,113737],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[258,113739,113740,113746,113753,113756],{},[261,113741,113742,113743,113745],{},"call ",[15,113744,102809],{}," without saving the returned set",[261,113747,113748,113749,8922,113751],{},"confuse ",[15,113750,102809],{},[15,113752,15147],{},[261,113754,113755],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[261,113757,113758],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113760,113761,113762,329,113766,132],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[277,113763,3802,113764,994],{"href":102798},[15,113765,106583],{},[277,113767,3802,113769,994],{"href":113768},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113770,100429],{},[20,113772,62301],{},[36,113774,113776],{"className":38,"code":113775,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113777,113778,113788,113802,113812],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113779,113780,113782,113784,113786],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113781,153],{"class":152},[45,113783,156],{"class":59},[45,113785,15860],{"class":135},[45,113787,161],{"class":59},[45,113789,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798,113800],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,113791,153],{"class":152},[45,113793,156],{"class":59},[45,113795,1478],{"class":171},[45,113797,156],{"class":59},[45,113799,15860],{"class":135},[45,113801,179],{"class":59},[45,113803,113804,113806,113808,113810],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,113805,153],{"class":152},[45,113807,156],{"class":59},[45,113809,740],{"class":135},[45,113811,161],{"class":59},[45,113813,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,113815,32306],{"class":152},[45,113817,156],{"class":59},[45,113819,6508],{"class":171},[45,113821,132],{"class":59},[45,113823,111279],{"class":1863},[45,113825,161],{"class":59},[31,113827,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,113829,2062,113831,102749],{"id":113830},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113832,108053],{},[20,113834,102752],{},[1398,113836,5390,113838,113840],{"id":113837},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113839,102809],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113842,113843],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1398,113845,28485,113847,113849],{"id":113846},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113848,102809],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113851,42151,113852,113854],{},[15,113853,102809],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1398,113856,113858],{"id":113857},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113860,113861],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1398,113863,5400,113865,329,113867,2079],{"id":113864},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113866,102809],{},[15,113868,113869],{},"|",[20,113871,113872,113873,113875,113876,113878],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113874,113869],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113877,102809],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[31,113880,2114],{"id":2113},[258,113882,113883,113887,113893,113899,113905],{},[261,113884,113885],{},[277,113886,96338],{"href":97509},[261,113888,113889],{},[277,113890,3802,113891,994],{"href":98529},[15,113892,97324],{},[261,113894,113895],{},[277,113896,3802,113897,994],{"href":102798},[15,113898,106583],{},[261,113900,113901],{},[277,113902,3802,113903,994],{"href":113768},[15,113904,100429],{},[261,113906,113907],{},[277,113908,100354],{"href":99087},[2154,113910,113911],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":113913},[113914,113915,113917,113918,113919,113920,113922,113928,113933,113940,113941,113952],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":112009,"depth":121,"text":113916},"What set.union() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":22145,"depth":121,"text":22146},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":112496,"depth":121,"text":113921},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112654,"depth":121,"text":113923,"children":113924},"Using union() with other iterables",[113925,113926,113927],{"id":112665,"depth":142,"text":112666},{"id":112785,"depth":142,"text":112786},{"id":112927,"depth":142,"text":112928},{"id":113065,"depth":121,"text":113929,"children":113930},"union() vs update()",[113931,113932],{"id":111279,"depth":142,"text":102809},{"id":30619,"depth":142,"text":15147},{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":113934},[113935,113937,113938,113939],{"id":113272,"depth":142,"text":113936},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113440,"depth":142,"text":113441},{"id":113509,"depth":142,"text":113510},{"id":113635,"depth":142,"text":113636},{"id":113733,"depth":121,"text":113734},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":113942},[113943,113945,113947,113949,113950],{"id":113830,"depth":142,"text":113944},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113837,"depth":142,"text":113946},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113846,"depth":142,"text":113948},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113857,"depth":142,"text":113858},{"id":113864,"depth":142,"text":113951},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111889,"description":113953},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113959,"title":113960,"body":113961,"description":115850,"extension":2195,"meta":115851,"navigation":145,"path":96823,"seo":115852,"stem":115853,"__hash__":115854},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113962,"toc":115816},[113963,113968,113973,113981,113983,114041,114046,114051,114055,114067,114070,114144,114149,114151,114153,114172,114174,114191,114194,114221,114223,114293,114297,114299,114305,114307,114368,114373,114375,114432,114436,114441,114506,114508,114528,114535,114539,114544,114629,114632,114639,114742,114746,114751,114809,114812,114823,114837,114844,114902,114909,114912,114922,114926,114984,114988,115054,115057,115115,115122,115129,115132,115136,115145,115214,115218,115224,115312,115322,115326,115330,115334,115337,115398,115403,115460,115464,115466,115501,115508,115510,115564,115571,115575,115578,115643,115652,115658,115715,115717,115722,115726,115730,115733,115740,115748,115752,115757,115761,115767,115769,115804,115813],[10,113964,96210,113966,18],{"id":113965},"python-set-update-method",[15,113967,15147],{},[20,113969,113970,113972],{},[15,113971,97324],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113974,113975,113976,113980],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[277,113977,113978],{"href":98510},[15,113979,96218],{},", which adds only one item.",[31,113982,3836],{"id":3835},[36,113984,113986],{"className":38,"code":113985,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113987,113988,114004,114026,114036],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,113989,113990,113992,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,113991,3846],{"class":51},[45,113993,56],{"class":55},[45,113995,60],{"class":59},[45,113997,1430],{"class":96},[45,113999,84],{"class":59},[45,114001,1035],{"class":96},[45,114003,118],{"class":59},[45,114005,114006,114008,114010,114012,114014,114016,114018,114020,114022,114024],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114007,3876],{"class":51},[45,114009,132],{"class":59},[45,114011,30619],{"class":135},[45,114013,195],{"class":59},[45,114015,1133],{"class":96},[45,114017,84],{"class":59},[45,114019,1063],{"class":96},[45,114021,84],{"class":59},[45,114023,2687],{"class":96},[45,114025,218],{"class":59},[45,114027,114028,114030,114032,114034],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114029,153],{"class":152},[45,114031,156],{"class":59},[45,114033,3876],{"class":135},[45,114035,161],{"class":59},[45,114037,114038],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114039,114040],{"class":1712},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114042,1006,114043,114045],{},[15,114044,15147],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[31,114047,253,114049,256],{"id":114048},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114050,97324],{},[20,114052,114053,73],{},[15,114054,97324],{},[258,114056,114057,114060,114062,114065],{},[261,114058,114059],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[261,114061,96325],{},[261,114063,114064],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[261,114066,96328],{},[20,114068,114069],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[36,114071,114073],{"className":38,"code":114072,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114074,114075,114099,114125,114129,114139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114076,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114078,13274],{"class":51},[45,114080,56],{"class":55},[45,114082,60],{"class":59},[45,114084,64],{"class":63},[45,114086,13291],{"class":67},[45,114088,64],{"class":63},[45,114090,84],{"class":59},[45,114092,76],{"class":63},[45,114094,703],{"class":67},[45,114096,64],{"class":63},[45,114098,118],{"class":59},[45,114100,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121,114123],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114102,17684],{"class":51},[45,114104,132],{"class":59},[45,114106,30619],{"class":135},[45,114108,195],{"class":59},[45,114110,64],{"class":63},[45,114112,703],{"class":67},[45,114114,64],{"class":63},[45,114116,84],{"class":59},[45,114118,76],{"class":63},[45,114120,17637],{"class":67},[45,114122,64],{"class":63},[45,114124,218],{"class":59},[45,114126,114127],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114128,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114130,114131,114133,114135,114137],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114132,153],{"class":152},[45,114134,156],{"class":59},[45,114136,17684],{"class":135},[45,114138,161],{"class":59},[45,114140,114141],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114142,114143],{"class":1712},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114145,21156,114146,114148],{},[15,114147,111044],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[31,114150,284],{"id":283},[20,114152,7439],{},[36,114154,114156],{"className":38,"code":114155,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114157,114158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114159,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114161,15860],{"class":51},[45,114163,132],{"class":59},[45,114165,30619],{"class":135},[45,114167,156],{"class":59},[45,114169,3948],{"class":135},[45,114171,161],{"class":59},[20,114173,80210],{},[258,114175,114176,114179,114182,114185,114188],{},[261,114177,114178],{},"A list",[261,114180,114181],{},"A tuple",[261,114183,114184],{},"Another set",[261,114186,114187],{},"A string",[261,114189,114190],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114192,114193],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[36,114195,114197],{"className":38,"code":114196,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114198,114199],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114200,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114202,15860],{"class":51},[45,114204,132],{"class":59},[45,114206,30619],{"class":135},[45,114208,156],{"class":59},[45,114210,277],{"class":135},[45,114212,84],{"class":59},[45,114214,2789],{"class":135},[45,114216,84],{"class":59},[45,114218,9893],{"class":135},[45,114220,161],{"class":59},[20,114222,361],{},[36,114224,114226],{"className":38,"code":114225,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114227,114228,114240,114274,114278,114288],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114229,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114231,124],{"class":51},[45,114233,56],{"class":55},[45,114235,60],{"class":59},[45,114237,1430],{"class":96},[45,114239,118],{"class":59},[45,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114243,136],{"class":51},[45,114245,132],{"class":59},[45,114247,30619],{"class":135},[45,114249,195],{"class":59},[45,114251,1133],{"class":96},[45,114253,84],{"class":59},[45,114255,1063],{"class":96},[45,114257,18243],{"class":59},[45,114259,9453],{"class":59},[45,114261,2734],{"class":96},[45,114263,84],{"class":59},[45,114265,4828],{"class":96},[45,114267,9450],{"class":59},[45,114269,60],{"class":59},[45,114271,80601],{"class":96},[45,114273,30651],{"class":59},[45,114275,114276],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114277,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114279,114280,114282,114284,114286],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114281,153],{"class":152},[45,114283,156],{"class":59},[45,114285,136],{"class":135},[45,114287,161],{"class":59},[45,114289,114290],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114291,114292],{"class":1712},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114294,96334,114295,132],{},[277,114296,96342],{"href":97893},[31,114298,22146],{"id":22145},[20,114300,114301,2627,114303,132],{},[15,114302,97324],{},[15,114304,4006],{},[20,114306,11915],{},[36,114308,114310],{"className":38,"code":114309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114311,114312,114328,114350,114354,114364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114313,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114315,3846],{"class":51},[45,114317,56],{"class":55},[45,114319,60],{"class":59},[45,114321,1430],{"class":96},[45,114323,84],{"class":59},[45,114325,1035],{"class":96},[45,114327,118],{"class":59},[45,114329,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114331,716],{"class":51},[45,114333,56],{"class":55},[45,114335,4488],{"class":51},[45,114337,132],{"class":59},[45,114339,30619],{"class":135},[45,114341,195],{"class":59},[45,114343,2294],{"class":96},[45,114345,84],{"class":59},[45,114347,2687],{"class":96},[45,114349,218],{"class":59},[45,114351,114352],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114353,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114355,114356,114358,114360,114362],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114357,153],{"class":152},[45,114359,156],{"class":59},[45,114361,740],{"class":135},[45,114363,161],{"class":59},[45,114365,114366],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114367,61837],{"class":1712},[20,114369,114370,114371,132],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114372,740],{},[20,114374,19147],{},[36,114376,114378],{"className":38,"code":114377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114379,114380,114396,114414,114418,114428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114381,114382,114384,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114383,3846],{"class":51},[45,114385,56],{"class":55},[45,114387,60],{"class":59},[45,114389,1430],{"class":96},[45,114391,84],{"class":59},[45,114393,1035],{"class":96},[45,114395,118],{"class":59},[45,114397,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408,114410,114412],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114399,3876],{"class":51},[45,114401,132],{"class":59},[45,114403,30619],{"class":135},[45,114405,195],{"class":59},[45,114407,2294],{"class":96},[45,114409,84],{"class":59},[45,114411,2687],{"class":96},[45,114413,218],{"class":59},[45,114415,114416],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114417,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114419,114420,114422,114424,114426],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114421,153],{"class":152},[45,114423,156],{"class":59},[45,114425,3876],{"class":135},[45,114427,161],{"class":59},[45,114429,114430],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114431,114040],{"class":1712},[31,114433,114435],{"id":114434},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114437,114438,114439,132],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114440,15147],{},[36,114442,114444],{"className":38,"code":114443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114445,114446,114462,114488,114492,114502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114447,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114449,3846],{"class":51},[45,114451,56],{"class":55},[45,114453,60],{"class":59},[45,114455,1430],{"class":96},[45,114457,84],{"class":59},[45,114459,1035],{"class":96},[45,114461,118],{"class":59},[45,114463,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482,114484,114486],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114465,3876],{"class":51},[45,114467,132],{"class":59},[45,114469,30619],{"class":135},[45,114471,195],{"class":59},[45,114473,1133],{"class":96},[45,114475,84],{"class":59},[45,114477,1063],{"class":96},[45,114479,84],{"class":59},[45,114481,2687],{"class":96},[45,114483,84],{"class":59},[45,114485,2687],{"class":96},[45,114487,218],{"class":59},[45,114489,114490],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114491,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114493,114494,114496,114498,114500],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114495,153],{"class":152},[45,114497,156],{"class":59},[45,114499,3876],{"class":135},[45,114501,161],{"class":59},[45,114503,114504],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114505,114040],{"class":1712},[20,114507,816],{},[258,114509,114510,114515,114522],{},[261,114511,114512,114514],{},[15,114513,1133],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[261,114516,114517,329,114519,114521],{},[15,114518,2294],{},[15,114520,2734],{}," are added",[261,114523,114524,114525,114527],{},"The second ",[15,114526,2734],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114529,114530,114531,114534],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[277,114532,114533],{"href":99087},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[31,114536,114538],{"id":114537},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114540,7984,114541,114543],{},[15,114542,15147],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[36,114545,114547],{"className":38,"code":114546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114548,114549,114570,114591,114595,114611,114615,114625],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114550,114551,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114552,114553],{"class":51},"set_a ",[45,114555,56],{"class":55},[45,114557,60],{"class":59},[45,114559,1430],{"class":96},[45,114561,84],{"class":59},[45,114563,1035],{"class":96},[45,114565,84],{"class":59},[45,114567,1063],{"class":96},[45,114569,118],{"class":59},[45,114571,114572,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114573,114574],{"class":51},"set_b ",[45,114576,56],{"class":55},[45,114578,60],{"class":59},[45,114580,2294],{"class":96},[45,114582,84],{"class":59},[45,114584,2687],{"class":96},[45,114586,84],{"class":59},[45,114588,4828],{"class":96},[45,114590,118],{"class":59},[45,114592,114593],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114594,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114596,114597,114600,114602,114604,114606,114609],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114598,114599],{"class":51},"set_a",[45,114601,132],{"class":59},[45,114603,30619],{"class":135},[45,114605,156],{"class":59},[45,114607,114608],{"class":135},"set_b",[45,114610,161],{"class":59},[45,114612,114613],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114614,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114616,114617,114619,114621,114623],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,114618,153],{"class":152},[45,114620,156],{"class":59},[45,114622,114599],{"class":135},[45,114624,161],{"class":59},[45,114626,114627],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,114628,112001],{"class":1712},[20,114630,114631],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114633,114634,114635,132],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[277,114636,114637],{"href":102806},[15,114638,108053],{},[36,114640,114642],{"className":38,"code":114641,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114643,114644,114664,114684,114688,114708,114712,114723,114727,114737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114645,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114647,114553],{"class":51},[45,114649,56],{"class":55},[45,114651,60],{"class":59},[45,114653,1430],{"class":96},[45,114655,84],{"class":59},[45,114657,1035],{"class":96},[45,114659,84],{"class":59},[45,114661,1063],{"class":96},[45,114663,118],{"class":59},[45,114665,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676,114678,114680,114682],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114667,114574],{"class":51},[45,114669,56],{"class":55},[45,114671,60],{"class":59},[45,114673,2294],{"class":96},[45,114675,84],{"class":59},[45,114677,2687],{"class":96},[45,114679,84],{"class":59},[45,114681,4828],{"class":96},[45,114683,118],{"class":59},[45,114685,114686],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114687,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114689,114690,114693,114695,114698,114700,114702,114704,114706],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114691,114692],{"class":51},"combined ",[45,114694,56],{"class":55},[45,114696,114697],{"class":51}," set_a",[45,114699,132],{"class":59},[45,114701,111279],{"class":135},[45,114703,156],{"class":59},[45,114705,114608],{"class":135},[45,114707,161],{"class":59},[45,114709,114710],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114711,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114713,114714,114716,114718,114721],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,114715,153],{"class":152},[45,114717,156],{"class":59},[45,114719,114720],{"class":135},"combined",[45,114722,161],{"class":59},[45,114724,114725],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,114726,112001],{"class":1712},[45,114728,114729,114731,114733,114735],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,114730,153],{"class":152},[45,114732,156],{"class":59},[45,114734,114599],{"class":135},[45,114736,161],{"class":59},[45,114738,114739],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,114740,114741],{"class":1712},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[31,114743,114745],{"id":114744},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114747,64746,114748,114750],{},[15,114749,15147],{}," adds each character separately.",[36,114752,114754],{"className":38,"code":114753,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114755,114756,114772,114790,114794,114804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114757,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114759,36085],{"class":51},[45,114761,56],{"class":55},[45,114763,60],{"class":59},[45,114765,64],{"class":63},[45,114767,2403],{"class":67},[45,114769,64],{"class":63},[45,114771,118],{"class":59},[45,114773,114774,114776,114778,114780,114782,114784,114786,114788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114775,36138],{"class":51},[45,114777,132],{"class":59},[45,114779,30619],{"class":135},[45,114781,156],{"class":59},[45,114783,64],{"class":63},[45,114785,37043],{"class":67},[45,114787,64],{"class":63},[45,114789,161],{"class":59},[45,114791,114792],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114793,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114795,114796,114798,114800,114802],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114797,153],{"class":152},[45,114799,156],{"class":59},[45,114801,36138],{"class":135},[45,114803,161],{"class":59},[45,114805,114806],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114807,114808],{"class":1712},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114810,114811],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114813,114814,14246,114817,114819,114820,114822],{},[15,114815,114816],{},"update(\"cat\")",[355,114818,4854],{}," add ",[15,114821,113046],{}," as one item. It adds:",[258,114824,114825,114829,114833],{},[261,114826,114827],{},[15,114828,66488],{},[261,114830,114831],{},[15,114832,18277],{},[261,114834,114835],{},[15,114836,113062],{},[20,114838,114839,114840,73],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[277,114841,114842],{"href":98510},[15,114843,96218],{},[36,114845,114847],{"className":38,"code":114846,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114848,114849,114865,114883,114887,114897],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114850,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114852,4296],{"class":51},[45,114854,56],{"class":55},[45,114856,60],{"class":59},[45,114858,64],{"class":63},[45,114860,58132],{"class":67},[45,114862,64],{"class":63},[45,114864,118],{"class":59},[45,114866,114867,114869,114871,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114868,4338],{"class":51},[45,114870,132],{"class":59},[45,114872,82113],{"class":135},[45,114874,156],{"class":59},[45,114876,64],{"class":63},[45,114878,37043],{"class":67},[45,114880,64],{"class":63},[45,114882,161],{"class":59},[45,114884,114885],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114886,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114888,114889,114891,114893,114895],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114890,153],{"class":152},[45,114892,156],{"class":59},[45,114894,4338],{"class":135},[45,114896,161],{"class":59},[45,114898,114899],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114900,114901],{"class":1712},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[31,114903,114905,1174,114907],{"id":114904},"update-vs-add",[15,114906,15147],{},[15,114908,96213],{},[20,114910,114911],{},"The difference is simple:",[258,114913,114914,114918],{},[261,114915,114916,96812],{},[15,114917,96213],{},[261,114919,114920,96817],{},[15,114921,15147],{},[20,114923,46041,114924,73],{},[15,114925,96213],{},[36,114927,114929],{"className":38,"code":114928,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114930,114931,114947,114965,114969,114979],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114932,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114934,36234],{"class":51},[45,114936,56],{"class":55},[45,114938,60],{"class":59},[45,114940,64],{"class":63},[45,114942,1028],{"class":67},[45,114944,64],{"class":63},[45,114946,118],{"class":59},[45,114948,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957,114959,114961,114963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,114950,36286],{"class":51},[45,114952,132],{"class":59},[45,114954,82113],{"class":135},[45,114956,156],{"class":59},[45,114958,64],{"class":63},[45,114960,1042],{"class":67},[45,114962,64],{"class":63},[45,114964,161],{"class":59},[45,114966,114967],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,114968,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,114970,114971,114973,114975,114977],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,114972,153],{"class":152},[45,114974,156],{"class":59},[45,114976,36286],{"class":135},[45,114978,161],{"class":59},[45,114980,114981],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,114982,114983],{"class":1712},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114985,46041,114986,73],{},[15,114987,15147],{},[36,114989,114991],{"className":38,"code":114990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114992,114993,115009,115035,115039,115049],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,114994,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,114996,36234],{"class":51},[45,114998,56],{"class":55},[45,115000,60],{"class":59},[45,115002,64],{"class":63},[45,115004,1028],{"class":67},[45,115006,64],{"class":63},[45,115008,118],{"class":59},[45,115010,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027,115029,115031,115033],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115012,36286],{"class":51},[45,115014,132],{"class":59},[45,115016,30619],{"class":135},[45,115018,195],{"class":59},[45,115020,64],{"class":63},[45,115022,1042],{"class":67},[45,115024,64],{"class":63},[45,115026,84],{"class":59},[45,115028,76],{"class":63},[45,115030,1056],{"class":67},[45,115032,64],{"class":63},[45,115034,218],{"class":59},[45,115036,115037],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115038,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115040,115041,115043,115045,115047],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115042,153],{"class":152},[45,115044,156],{"class":59},[45,115046,36286],{"class":135},[45,115048,161],{"class":59},[45,115050,115051],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115052,115053],{"class":1712},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115055,115056],{},"Important warning with strings:",[36,115058,115060],{"className":38,"code":115059,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115061,115062,115078,115096,115100,115110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115063,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115065,36234],{"class":51},[45,115067,56],{"class":55},[45,115069,60],{"class":59},[45,115071,64],{"class":63},[45,115073,1028],{"class":67},[45,115075,64],{"class":63},[45,115077,118],{"class":59},[45,115079,115080,115082,115084,115086,115088,115090,115092,115094],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115081,36286],{"class":51},[45,115083,132],{"class":59},[45,115085,30619],{"class":135},[45,115087,156],{"class":59},[45,115089,64],{"class":63},[45,115091,38338],{"class":67},[45,115093,64],{"class":63},[45,115095,161],{"class":59},[45,115097,115098],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115099,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115101,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115103,153],{"class":152},[45,115105,156],{"class":59},[45,115107,36286],{"class":135},[45,115109,161],{"class":59},[45,115111,115112],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115113,115114],{"class":1712},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115116,62112,115117,62185,115120,6852],{},[15,115118,115119],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115121,96213],{},[31,115123,115125,1174,115127],{"id":115124},"update-vs-union",[15,115126,15147],{},[15,115128,102809],{},[20,115130,115131],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1398,115133,115134],{"id":30619},[15,115135,15147],{},[258,115137,115138,115141],{},[261,115139,115140],{},"Changes the existing set",[261,115142,11629,115143],{},[15,115144,4006],{},[36,115146,115148],{"className":38,"code":115147,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115149,115150,115166,115182,115186,115200,115210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115151,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115153,2784],{"class":51},[45,115155,56],{"class":55},[45,115157,60],{"class":59},[45,115159,1430],{"class":96},[45,115161,84],{"class":59},[45,115163,1035],{"class":96},[45,115165,118],{"class":59},[45,115167,115168,115170,115172,115174,115176,115178,115180],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115169,2812],{"class":51},[45,115171,56],{"class":55},[45,115173,60],{"class":59},[45,115175,1133],{"class":96},[45,115177,84],{"class":59},[45,115179,1063],{"class":96},[45,115181,118],{"class":59},[45,115183,115184],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115185,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115187,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115189,277],{"class":51},[45,115191,132],{"class":59},[45,115193,30619],{"class":135},[45,115195,156],{"class":59},[45,115197,1930],{"class":135},[45,115199,161],{"class":59},[45,115201,115202,115204,115206,115208],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115203,153],{"class":152},[45,115205,156],{"class":59},[45,115207,277],{"class":135},[45,115209,161],{"class":59},[45,115211,115212],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,115213,114741],{"class":1712},[1398,115215,115216],{"id":111279},[15,115217,102809],{},[258,115219,115220,115222],{},[261,115221,101347],{},[261,115223,101350],{},[36,115225,115227],{"className":38,"code":115226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115228,115229,115245,115261,115265,115283,115293,115297,115307],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115230,115231,115233,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115232,2784],{"class":51},[45,115234,56],{"class":55},[45,115236,60],{"class":59},[45,115238,1430],{"class":96},[45,115240,84],{"class":59},[45,115242,1035],{"class":96},[45,115244,118],{"class":59},[45,115246,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115248,2812],{"class":51},[45,115250,56],{"class":55},[45,115252,60],{"class":59},[45,115254,1133],{"class":96},[45,115256,84],{"class":59},[45,115258,1063],{"class":96},[45,115260,118],{"class":59},[45,115262,115263],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115264,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115266,115267,115269,115271,115273,115275,115277,115279,115281],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115268,83193],{"class":51},[45,115270,56],{"class":55},[45,115272,56892],{"class":51},[45,115274,132],{"class":59},[45,115276,111279],{"class":135},[45,115278,156],{"class":59},[45,115280,1930],{"class":135},[45,115282,161],{"class":59},[45,115284,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115286,153],{"class":152},[45,115288,156],{"class":59},[45,115290,9951],{"class":135},[45,115292,161],{"class":59},[45,115294,115295],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,115296,114741],{"class":1712},[45,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,115300,153],{"class":152},[45,115302,156],{"class":59},[45,115304,277],{"class":135},[45,115306,161],{"class":59},[45,115308,115309],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,115310,115311],{"class":1712},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115313,107695,115314,115316,115317,115321],{},[15,115315,15147],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[277,115318,115319],{"href":102806},[15,115320,102809],{}," when you want a new set.",[31,115323,115325],{"id":115324},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115327,10955,115328,132],{},[15,115329,97324],{},[1398,115331,115333],{"id":115332},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115335,115336],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[36,115338,115340],{"className":38,"code":115339,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115341,115342,115358,115380,115384,115394],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115343,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115345,15822],{"class":51},[45,115347,56],{"class":55},[45,115349,60],{"class":59},[45,115351,1430],{"class":96},[45,115353,84],{"class":59},[45,115355,1035],{"class":96},[45,115357,118],{"class":59},[45,115359,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370,115372,115374,115376,115378],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115361,716],{"class":51},[45,115363,56],{"class":55},[45,115365,96934],{"class":51},[45,115367,132],{"class":59},[45,115369,30619],{"class":135},[45,115371,195],{"class":59},[45,115373,2294],{"class":96},[45,115375,84],{"class":59},[45,115377,2687],{"class":96},[45,115379,218],{"class":59},[45,115381,115382],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115383,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115385,115386,115388,115390,115392],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115387,153],{"class":152},[45,115389,156],{"class":59},[45,115391,740],{"class":135},[45,115393,161],{"class":59},[45,115395,115396],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115397,61837],{"class":1712},[20,115399,115400,115401,73],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115402,15147],{},[36,115404,115406],{"className":38,"code":115405,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115407,115408,115424,115442,115446,115456],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115409,115410,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115411,15822],{"class":51},[45,115413,56],{"class":55},[45,115415,60],{"class":59},[45,115417,1430],{"class":96},[45,115419,84],{"class":59},[45,115421,1035],{"class":96},[45,115423,118],{"class":59},[45,115425,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115427,15860],{"class":51},[45,115429,132],{"class":59},[45,115431,30619],{"class":135},[45,115433,195],{"class":59},[45,115435,2294],{"class":96},[45,115437,84],{"class":59},[45,115439,2687],{"class":96},[45,115441,218],{"class":59},[45,115443,115444],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115445,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115447,115448,115450,115452,115454],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115449,153],{"class":152},[45,115451,156],{"class":59},[45,115453,15860],{"class":135},[45,115455,161],{"class":59},[45,115457,115458],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115459,114040],{"class":1712},[1398,115461,115463],{"id":115462},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115465,3068],{},[36,115467,115469],{"className":38,"code":115468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115470,115471,115487],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115472,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115474,15822],{"class":51},[45,115476,56],{"class":55},[45,115478,60],{"class":59},[45,115480,1430],{"class":96},[45,115482,84],{"class":59},[45,115484,1035],{"class":96},[45,115486,118],{"class":59},[45,115488,115489,115491,115493,115495,115497,115499],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115490,15860],{"class":51},[45,115492,132],{"class":59},[45,115494,30619],{"class":135},[45,115496,156],{"class":59},[45,115498,2366],{"class":96},[45,115500,161],{"class":59},[20,115502,62291,115503,8819,115505,115507],{},[15,115504,3235],{},[15,115506,2366],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115509,6775],{},[36,115511,115513],{"className":38,"code":115512,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115514,115515,115531,115545,115549,115559],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115516,115517,115519,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115518,15822],{"class":51},[45,115520,56],{"class":55},[45,115522,60],{"class":59},[45,115524,1430],{"class":96},[45,115526,84],{"class":59},[45,115528,1035],{"class":96},[45,115530,118],{"class":59},[45,115532,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115534,15860],{"class":51},[45,115536,132],{"class":59},[45,115538,30619],{"class":135},[45,115540,195],{"class":59},[45,115542,2366],{"class":96},[45,115544,218],{"class":59},[45,115546,115547],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115548,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115550,115551,115553,115555,115557],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115552,153],{"class":152},[45,115554,156],{"class":59},[45,115556,15860],{"class":135},[45,115558,161],{"class":59},[45,115560,115561],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115562,115563],{"class":1712},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115565,45914,115566,132],{},[277,115567,1495,115568],{"href":52603},[15,115569,115570],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1398,115572,115574],{"id":115573},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115576,115577],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[36,115579,115581],{"className":38,"code":115580,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115582,115583,115599,115625,115629,115639],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115584,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115586,15822],{"class":51},[45,115588,56],{"class":55},[45,115590,60],{"class":59},[45,115592,1430],{"class":96},[45,115594,84],{"class":59},[45,115596,1035],{"class":96},[45,115598,118],{"class":59},[45,115600,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617,115619,115621,115623],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115602,15860],{"class":51},[45,115604,132],{"class":59},[45,115606,30619],{"class":135},[45,115608,195],{"class":59},[45,115610,1133],{"class":96},[45,115612,84],{"class":59},[45,115614,1035],{"class":96},[45,115616,84],{"class":59},[45,115618,1035],{"class":96},[45,115620,84],{"class":59},[45,115622,1063],{"class":96},[45,115624,218],{"class":59},[45,115626,115627],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115628,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115630,115631,115633,115635,115637],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115632,153],{"class":152},[45,115634,156],{"class":59},[45,115636,15860],{"class":135},[45,115638,161],{"class":59},[45,115640,115641],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115642,114741],{"class":1712},[1398,115644,115646,115647,44630,115649,115651],{"id":115645},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115648,15147],{},[15,115650,96213],{}," is better",[20,115653,115654,115655,115657],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115656,96213],{}," is usually the better choice.",[36,115659,115661],{"className":38,"code":115660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115662,115663,115679,115697,115701,115711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115664,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115666,15822],{"class":51},[45,115668,56],{"class":55},[45,115670,60],{"class":59},[45,115672,64],{"class":63},[45,115674,58132],{"class":67},[45,115676,64],{"class":63},[45,115678,118],{"class":59},[45,115680,115681,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115682,15860],{"class":51},[45,115684,132],{"class":59},[45,115686,82113],{"class":135},[45,115688,156],{"class":59},[45,115690,64],{"class":63},[45,115692,37043],{"class":67},[45,115694,64],{"class":63},[45,115696,161],{"class":59},[45,115698,115699],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115700,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115702,115703,115705,115707,115709],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115704,153],{"class":152},[45,115706,156],{"class":59},[45,115708,15860],{"class":135},[45,115710,161],{"class":59},[45,115712,115713],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115714,114901],{"class":1712},[31,115716,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,115718,2062,115720,97303],{"id":115719},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115721,97324],{},[20,115723,97306,115724,132],{},[15,115725,4006],{},[1398,115727,28485,115728,32380],{"id":32377},[15,115729,15147],{},[20,115731,115732],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1398,115734,5400,115736,329,115738,2079],{"id":115735},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115737,96213],{},[15,115739,15147],{},[20,115741,115742,115744,115745,115747],{},[15,115743,96213],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115746,15147],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1398,115749,115751],{"id":115750},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115753,115754,115755,114750],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115756,15147],{},[1398,115758,115760],{"id":115759},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115762,1006,115763,1800,115765,132],{},[15,115764,102809],{},[15,115766,15147],{},[31,115768,2114],{"id":2113},[258,115770,115771,115778,115785,115791,115797],{},[261,115772,115773],{},[277,115774,115775],{"href":98510},[15,115776,115777],{},"Python set add() method",[261,115779,115780],{},[277,115781,115782],{"href":102806},[15,115783,115784],{},"Python set union() method",[261,115786,115787],{},[277,115788,115789],{"href":97893},[15,115790,97348],{},[261,115792,115793],{},[277,115794,115795],{"href":99087},[15,115796,100354],{},[261,115798,115799],{},[277,115800,115801,115803],{"href":52603},[15,115802,115570],{}," fix",[20,115805,115806,115807,115809,115810,115812],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115808,96218],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115811,108053],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2154,115814,115815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":115817},[115818,115819,115821,115822,115823,115824,115825,115826,115828,115833,115840,115849],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":114048,"depth":121,"text":115820},"What set.update() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":22145,"depth":121,"text":22146},{"id":114434,"depth":121,"text":114435},{"id":114537,"depth":121,"text":114538},{"id":114744,"depth":121,"text":114745},{"id":114904,"depth":121,"text":115827},"update() vs add()",{"id":115124,"depth":121,"text":115829,"children":115830},"update() vs union()",[115831,115832],{"id":30619,"depth":142,"text":15147},{"id":111279,"depth":142,"text":102809},{"id":115324,"depth":121,"text":115325,"children":115834},[115835,115836,115837,115838],{"id":115332,"depth":142,"text":115333},{"id":115462,"depth":142,"text":115463},{"id":115573,"depth":142,"text":115574},{"id":115645,"depth":142,"text":115839},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":115841},[115842,115844,115845,115847,115848],{"id":115719,"depth":142,"text":115843},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32377,"depth":142,"text":32450},{"id":115735,"depth":142,"text":115846},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115750,"depth":142,"text":115751},{"id":115759,"depth":142,"text":115760},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113960,"description":115850},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115856,"title":115857,"body":115858,"description":117624,"extension":2195,"meta":117625,"navigation":145,"path":13982,"seo":117626,"stem":117627,"__hash__":117628},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115859,"toc":117599},[115860,115863,115866,115869,115880,115888,115891,115893,116042,116054,116058,116075,116079,116087,116089,116100,116102,116199,116205,116208,116304,116313,116318,116322,116327,116329,116339,116341,116450,116458,116462,116465,116468,116485,116491,116571,116574,116578,116581,116585,116588,116647,116650,116654,116657,116749,116753,116756,116863,116867,116873,116901,116903,116985,116995,116999,117002,117013,117016,117101,117104,117109,117113,117116,117127,117130,117272,117275,117279,117282,117296,117299,117360,117366,117368,117371,117393,117396,117496,117499,117531,117533,117537,117540,117542,117545,117549,117552,117556,117559,117563,117566,117568,117596],[10,115861,115857],{"id":115862},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115864,115865],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115867,115868],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[258,115870,115871,115874,115877],{},[261,115872,115873],{},"a list inside another list",[261,115875,115876],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[261,115878,115879],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115881,100276,115882,329,115884,115887],{},[355,115883,13052],{},[355,115885,115886],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115889,115890],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[31,115892,34],{"id":33},[36,115894,115896],{"className":38,"code":115895,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115897,115898,115905,115909,115935,115955,115975,115979,115997,116001,116014,116028],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,115899,115900,115902],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,115901,35084],{"class":921},[45,115903,115904],{"class":51}," copy\n",[45,115906,115907],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,115908,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115910,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923,115925,115927,115929,115931,115933],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,115912,12287],{"class":51},[45,115914,56],{"class":55},[45,115916,56298],{"class":59},[45,115918,1430],{"class":96},[45,115920,84],{"class":59},[45,115922,1035],{"class":96},[45,115924,18243],{"class":59},[45,115926,1427],{"class":59},[45,115928,2294],{"class":96},[45,115930,84],{"class":59},[45,115932,2687],{"class":96},[45,115934,53246],{"class":59},[45,115936,115937,115940,115942,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,115938,115939],{"class":51},"shallow ",[45,115941,56],{"class":55},[45,115943,115944],{"class":51}," copy",[45,115946,132],{"class":59},[45,115948,13110],{"class":135},[45,115950,156],{"class":59},[45,115952,12334],{"class":135},[45,115954,161],{"class":59},[45,115956,115957,115960,115962,115964,115966,115969,115971,115973],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,115958,115959],{"class":51},"deep ",[45,115961,56],{"class":55},[45,115963,115944],{"class":51},[45,115965,132],{"class":59},[45,115967,115968],{"class":135},"deepcopy",[45,115970,156],{"class":59},[45,115972,12334],{"class":135},[45,115974,161],{"class":59},[45,115976,115977],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,115978,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,115980,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,115982,12334],{"class":51},[45,115984,223],{"class":59},[45,115986,1117],{"class":96},[45,115988,13743],{"class":59},[45,115990,13746],{"class":135},[45,115992,156],{"class":59},[45,115994,56351],{"class":96},[45,115996,161],{"class":59},[45,115998,115999],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,116000,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116002,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,116004,153],{"class":152},[45,116006,156],{"class":59},[45,116008,12334],{"class":135},[45,116010,3889],{"class":59},[45,116012,116013],{"class":1712},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[45,116015,116016,116018,116020,116023,116025],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,116017,153],{"class":152},[45,116019,156],{"class":59},[45,116021,116022],{"class":135},"shallow",[45,116024,3889],{"class":59},[45,116026,116027],{"class":1712},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[45,116029,116030,116032,116034,116037,116039],{"class":47,"line":11797},[45,116031,153],{"class":152},[45,116033,156],{"class":59},[45,116035,116036],{"class":135},"deep",[45,116038,3889],{"class":59},[45,116040,116041],{"class":1712},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116043,1006,116044,116047,116048,329,116050,116053],{},[15,116045,116046],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[355,116049,13052],{},[15,116051,116052],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[31,116055,116057],{"id":116056},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[258,116059,116060,116063,116066,116069,116072],{},[261,116061,116062],{},"What a copy means in Python",[261,116064,116065],{},"How shallow copy works",[261,116067,116068],{},"How deep copy works",[261,116070,116071],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[261,116073,116074],{},"When to use each approach",[31,116076,116078],{"id":116077},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116080,15382,116081,116083,116084,116086],{},[355,116082,13052],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[355,116085,4854],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116088,2338],{},[258,116090,116091,116094,116097],{},[261,116092,116093],{},"the outer container is new",[261,116095,116096],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[261,116098,116099],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116101,361],{},[36,116103,116105],{"className":38,"code":116104,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116106,116107,116133,116147,116151,116169,116173,116186],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116108,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119,116121,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116110,12287],{"class":51},[45,116112,56],{"class":55},[45,116114,56298],{"class":59},[45,116116,1430],{"class":96},[45,116118,84],{"class":59},[45,116120,1035],{"class":96},[45,116122,18243],{"class":59},[45,116124,1427],{"class":59},[45,116126,2294],{"class":96},[45,116128,84],{"class":59},[45,116130,2687],{"class":96},[45,116132,53246],{"class":59},[45,116134,116135,116137,116139,116141,116143,116145],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116136,14504],{"class":51},[45,116138,56],{"class":55},[45,116140,12362],{"class":51},[45,116142,132],{"class":59},[45,116144,13110],{"class":135},[45,116146,139],{"class":59},[45,116148,116149],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116150,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116152,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116154,14523],{"class":51},[45,116156,132],{"class":59},[45,116158,13746],{"class":135},[45,116160,195],{"class":59},[45,116162,2366],{"class":96},[45,116164,84],{"class":59},[45,116166,37640],{"class":96},[45,116168,218],{"class":59},[45,116170,116171],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116172,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116174,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,116176,153],{"class":152},[45,116178,156],{"class":59},[45,116180,12334],{"class":135},[45,116182,3889],{"class":59},[45,116184,116185],{"class":1712},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[45,116187,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,116189,153],{"class":152},[45,116191,156],{"class":59},[45,116193,14523],{"class":135},[45,116195,3889],{"class":59},[45,116197,116198],{"class":1712},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116200,116201,116202,116204],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116203,14523],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116206,116207],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[36,116209,116211],{"className":38,"code":116210,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116212,116213,116239,116253,116257,116275,116279,116291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116216,12287],{"class":51},[45,116218,56],{"class":55},[45,116220,56298],{"class":59},[45,116222,1430],{"class":96},[45,116224,84],{"class":59},[45,116226,1035],{"class":96},[45,116228,18243],{"class":59},[45,116230,1427],{"class":59},[45,116232,2294],{"class":96},[45,116234,84],{"class":59},[45,116236,2687],{"class":96},[45,116238,53246],{"class":59},[45,116240,116241,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116242,14504],{"class":51},[45,116244,56],{"class":55},[45,116246,12362],{"class":51},[45,116248,132],{"class":59},[45,116250,13110],{"class":135},[45,116252,139],{"class":59},[45,116254,116255],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116256,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116258,116259,116261,116263,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116260,14523],{"class":51},[45,116262,223],{"class":59},[45,116264,1117],{"class":96},[45,116266,13743],{"class":59},[45,116268,13746],{"class":135},[45,116270,156],{"class":59},[45,116272,56351],{"class":96},[45,116274,161],{"class":59},[45,116276,116277],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116278,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,116282,153],{"class":152},[45,116284,156],{"class":59},[45,116286,12334],{"class":135},[45,116288,3889],{"class":59},[45,116290,116013],{"class":1712},[45,116292,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,116294,153],{"class":152},[45,116296,156],{"class":59},[45,116298,14523],{"class":135},[45,116300,3889],{"class":59},[45,116302,116303],{"class":1712},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116305,116306,116307,329,116309,116312],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116308,56455],{},[15,116310,116311],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116314,116315,116316,132],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[277,116317,43936],{"href":12266},[31,116319,116321],{"id":116320},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116323,15382,116324,116326],{},[355,116325,115886],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116328,2338],{},[258,116330,116331,116333,116336],{},[261,116332,116093],{},[261,116334,116335],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[261,116337,116338],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116340,361],{},[36,116342,116344],{"className":38,"code":116343,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116345,116346,116352,116356,116382,116400,116404,116422,116426,116438],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116347,116348,116350],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116349,35084],{"class":921},[45,116351,115904],{"class":51},[45,116353,116354],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116355,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116357,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116359,12287],{"class":51},[45,116361,56],{"class":55},[45,116363,56298],{"class":59},[45,116365,1430],{"class":96},[45,116367,84],{"class":59},[45,116369,1035],{"class":96},[45,116371,18243],{"class":59},[45,116373,1427],{"class":59},[45,116375,2294],{"class":96},[45,116377,84],{"class":59},[45,116379,2687],{"class":96},[45,116381,53246],{"class":59},[45,116383,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116385,14504],{"class":51},[45,116387,56],{"class":55},[45,116389,115944],{"class":51},[45,116391,132],{"class":59},[45,116393,115968],{"class":135},[45,116395,156],{"class":59},[45,116397,12334],{"class":135},[45,116399,161],{"class":59},[45,116401,116402],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116403,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116405,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,116407,14523],{"class":51},[45,116409,223],{"class":59},[45,116411,1117],{"class":96},[45,116413,13743],{"class":59},[45,116415,13746],{"class":135},[45,116417,156],{"class":59},[45,116419,56351],{"class":96},[45,116421,161],{"class":59},[45,116423,116424],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,116425,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116427,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,116429,153],{"class":152},[45,116431,156],{"class":59},[45,116433,12334],{"class":135},[45,116435,3889],{"class":59},[45,116437,116185],{"class":1712},[45,116439,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,116441,153],{"class":152},[45,116443,156],{"class":59},[45,116445,14523],{"class":135},[45,116447,3889],{"class":59},[45,116449,116303],{"class":1712},[20,116451,116452,116453,116455,116456,132],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116454,116311],{}," does not change ",[15,116457,56455],{},[31,116459,116461],{"id":116460},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116463,116464],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116466,116467],{},"Common reasons:",[258,116469,116470,116473,116476,116482],{},[261,116471,116472],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[261,116474,116475],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[261,116477,116478,116479,116481],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116480,56],{}," does not make a copy",[261,116483,116484],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116486,116487,116488,116490],{},"For example, this does ",[355,116489,4854],{}," create a copy:",[36,116492,116494],{"className":38,"code":116493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116495,116496,116516,116524,116528,116542,116546,116558],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116497,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508,116510,116512,116514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116499,12287],{"class":51},[45,116501,56],{"class":55},[45,116503,1427],{"class":59},[45,116505,1430],{"class":96},[45,116507,84],{"class":59},[45,116509,1035],{"class":96},[45,116511,84],{"class":59},[45,116513,1063],{"class":96},[45,116515,244],{"class":59},[45,116517,116518,116520,116522],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116519,14504],{"class":51},[45,116521,56],{"class":55},[45,116523,12325],{"class":51},[45,116525,116526],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116527,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116529,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116531,14523],{"class":51},[45,116533,132],{"class":59},[45,116535,13746],{"class":135},[45,116537,156],{"class":59},[45,116539,2734],{"class":96},[45,116541,161],{"class":59},[45,116543,116544],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116545,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116547,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,116549,153],{"class":152},[45,116551,156],{"class":59},[45,116553,12334],{"class":135},[45,116555,3889],{"class":59},[45,116557,55705],{"class":1712},[45,116559,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,116561,153],{"class":152},[45,116563,156],{"class":59},[45,116565,14523],{"class":135},[45,116567,3889],{"class":59},[45,116569,116570],{"class":1712},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116572,116573],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[31,116575,116577],{"id":116576},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116579,116580],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1398,116582,116584],{"id":116583},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116586,116587],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[36,116589,116591],{"className":38,"code":116590,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116592,116593,116619,116627,116631],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116594,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615,116617],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116596,12287],{"class":51},[45,116598,56],{"class":55},[45,116600,56298],{"class":59},[45,116602,1430],{"class":96},[45,116604,84],{"class":59},[45,116606,1035],{"class":96},[45,116608,18243],{"class":59},[45,116610,1427],{"class":59},[45,116612,2294],{"class":96},[45,116614,84],{"class":59},[45,116616,2687],{"class":96},[45,116618,53246],{"class":59},[45,116620,116621,116623,116625],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116622,14295],{"class":51},[45,116624,56],{"class":55},[45,116626,12325],{"class":51},[45,116628,116629],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116630,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116632,116633,116635,116637,116639,116641,116643,116645],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116634,153],{"class":152},[45,116636,156],{"class":59},[45,116638,12287],{"class":135},[45,116640,12395],{"class":921},[45,116642,14363],{"class":135},[45,116644,3889],{"class":59},[45,116646,3892],{"class":1712},[20,116648,116649],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1398,116651,116653],{"id":116652},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116655,116656],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[36,116658,116660],{"className":38,"code":116659,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116661,116662,116688,116702,116706,116723],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116663,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116665,12287],{"class":51},[45,116667,56],{"class":55},[45,116669,56298],{"class":59},[45,116671,1430],{"class":96},[45,116673,84],{"class":59},[45,116675,1035],{"class":96},[45,116677,18243],{"class":59},[45,116679,1427],{"class":59},[45,116681,2294],{"class":96},[45,116683,84],{"class":59},[45,116685,2687],{"class":96},[45,116687,53246],{"class":59},[45,116689,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116691,115939],{"class":51},[45,116693,56],{"class":55},[45,116695,12362],{"class":51},[45,116697,132],{"class":59},[45,116699,13110],{"class":135},[45,116701,139],{"class":59},[45,116703,116704],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116705,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116707,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116719,116721],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116709,153],{"class":152},[45,116711,156],{"class":59},[45,116713,12287],{"class":135},[45,116715,12395],{"class":921},[45,116717,116718],{"class":135}," shallow",[45,116720,3889],{"class":59},[45,116722,21379],{"class":1712},[45,116724,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116726,153],{"class":152},[45,116728,156],{"class":59},[45,116730,12334],{"class":135},[45,116732,223],{"class":59},[45,116734,1117],{"class":96},[45,116736,457],{"class":59},[45,116738,8315],{"class":921},[45,116740,116718],{"class":135},[45,116742,223],{"class":59},[45,116744,1117],{"class":96},[45,116746,20624],{"class":59},[45,116748,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,116750,116752],{"id":116751},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116754,116755],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[36,116757,116759],{"className":38,"code":116758,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116760,116761,116767,116771,116797,116815,116819,116837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116762,116763,116765],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116764,35084],{"class":921},[45,116766,115904],{"class":51},[45,116768,116769],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116770,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116772,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116774,12287],{"class":51},[45,116776,56],{"class":55},[45,116778,56298],{"class":59},[45,116780,1430],{"class":96},[45,116782,84],{"class":59},[45,116784,1035],{"class":96},[45,116786,18243],{"class":59},[45,116788,1427],{"class":59},[45,116790,2294],{"class":96},[45,116792,84],{"class":59},[45,116794,2687],{"class":96},[45,116796,53246],{"class":59},[45,116798,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811,116813],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116800,115959],{"class":51},[45,116802,56],{"class":55},[45,116804,115944],{"class":51},[45,116806,132],{"class":59},[45,116808,115968],{"class":135},[45,116810,156],{"class":59},[45,116812,12334],{"class":135},[45,116814,161],{"class":59},[45,116816,116817],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116818,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116820,116821,116823,116825,116827,116829,116832,116834],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,116822,153],{"class":152},[45,116824,156],{"class":59},[45,116826,12287],{"class":135},[45,116828,12395],{"class":921},[45,116830,116831],{"class":135}," deep",[45,116833,3889],{"class":59},[45,116835,116836],{"class":1712},"         # False\n",[45,116838,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857,116859,116861],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,116840,153],{"class":152},[45,116842,156],{"class":59},[45,116844,12334],{"class":135},[45,116846,223],{"class":59},[45,116848,1117],{"class":96},[45,116850,457],{"class":59},[45,116852,8315],{"class":921},[45,116854,116831],{"class":135},[45,116856,223],{"class":59},[45,116858,1117],{"class":96},[45,116860,20624],{"class":59},[45,116862,43872],{"class":1712},[31,116864,116866],{"id":116865},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116868,116869,116870,73],{},"These all make ",[355,116871,116872],{},"shallow copies",[258,116874,116875,116879,116883,116888,116894],{},[261,116876,116877],{},[15,116878,55605],{},[261,116880,116881],{},[15,116882,12636],{},[261,116884,116885],{},[15,116886,116887],{},"set.copy()",[261,116889,116890,116891],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116892,116893],{},"my_list[:]",[261,116895,116896,116898,116899,35074],{},[15,116897,116046],{}," from the ",[15,116900,13110],{},[20,116902,1201],{},[36,116904,116906],{"className":38,"code":116905,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116907,116908,116928,116932,116946,116957,116961,116973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,116909,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,116911,3846],{"class":51},[45,116913,56],{"class":55},[45,116915,1427],{"class":59},[45,116917,1430],{"class":96},[45,116919,84],{"class":59},[45,116921,1035],{"class":96},[45,116923,84],{"class":59},[45,116925,1063],{"class":96},[45,116927,244],{"class":59},[45,116929,116930],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,116931,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116933,116934,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,116935,2784],{"class":51},[45,116937,56],{"class":55},[45,116939,4488],{"class":51},[45,116941,132],{"class":59},[45,116943,13110],{"class":135},[45,116945,139],{"class":59},[45,116947,116948,116950,116952,116954],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,116949,2812],{"class":51},[45,116951,56],{"class":55},[45,116953,4488],{"class":51},[45,116955,116956],{"class":59},"[:]\n",[45,116958,116959],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,116960,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,116962,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,116964,153],{"class":152},[45,116966,156],{"class":59},[45,116968,277],{"class":135},[45,116970,3889],{"class":59},[45,116972,54936],{"class":1712},[45,116974,116975,116977,116979,116981,116983],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,116976,153],{"class":152},[45,116978,156],{"class":59},[45,116980,1930],{"class":135},[45,116982,3889],{"class":59},[45,116984,54936],{"class":1712},[20,116986,73147,116987,47535,116991,132],{},[277,116988,116989,994],{"href":54964},[15,116990,55605],{},[277,116992,116993,994],{"href":12633},[15,116994,12636],{},[31,116996,116998],{"id":116997},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117000,117001],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[258,117003,117004,117007,117010],{},[261,117005,117006],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[261,117008,117009],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[261,117011,117012],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117014,117015],{},"Example with a flat list:",[36,117017,117019],{"className":38,"code":117018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117020,117021,117041,117055,117059,117073,117077,117089],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117022,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117024,12287],{"class":51},[45,117026,56],{"class":55},[45,117028,1427],{"class":59},[45,117030,1430],{"class":96},[45,117032,84],{"class":59},[45,117034,1035],{"class":96},[45,117036,84],{"class":59},[45,117038,1063],{"class":96},[45,117040,244],{"class":59},[45,117042,117043,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117044,14504],{"class":51},[45,117046,56],{"class":55},[45,117048,12362],{"class":51},[45,117050,132],{"class":59},[45,117052,13110],{"class":135},[45,117054,139],{"class":59},[45,117056,117057],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,117058,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117060,117061,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,117062,14523],{"class":51},[45,117064,132],{"class":59},[45,117066,13746],{"class":135},[45,117068,156],{"class":59},[45,117070,2734],{"class":96},[45,117072,161],{"class":59},[45,117074,117075],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,117076,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,117080,153],{"class":152},[45,117082,156],{"class":59},[45,117084,12334],{"class":135},[45,117086,3889],{"class":59},[45,117088,54936],{"class":1712},[45,117090,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,117092,153],{"class":152},[45,117094,156],{"class":59},[45,117096,14523],{"class":135},[45,117098,3889],{"class":59},[45,117100,116570],{"class":1712},[20,117102,117103],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117105,117106,117107,132],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[277,117108,15081],{"href":57224},[31,117110,117112],{"id":117111},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117114,117115],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[258,117117,117118,117121,117124],{},[261,117119,117120],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[261,117122,117123],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[261,117125,117126],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117128,117129],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[36,117131,117133],{"className":38,"code":117132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117134,117135,117141,117145,117171,117185,117203,117207,117229,117233,117246,117259],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117136,117137,117139],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117138,35084],{"class":921},[45,117140,115904],{"class":51},[45,117142,117143],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117144,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117146,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,117148,12287],{"class":51},[45,117150,56],{"class":55},[45,117152,60],{"class":59},[45,117154,64],{"class":63},[45,117156,16582],{"class":67},[45,117158,64],{"class":63},[45,117160,73],{"class":59},[45,117162,1427],{"class":59},[45,117164,2560],{"class":96},[45,117166,84],{"class":59},[45,117168,97],{"class":96},[45,117170,13898],{"class":59},[45,117172,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,117174,115939],{"class":51},[45,117176,56],{"class":55},[45,117178,12362],{"class":51},[45,117180,132],{"class":59},[45,117182,13110],{"class":135},[45,117184,139],{"class":59},[45,117186,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,117188,115959],{"class":51},[45,117190,56],{"class":55},[45,117192,115944],{"class":51},[45,117194,132],{"class":59},[45,117196,115968],{"class":135},[45,117198,156],{"class":59},[45,117200,12334],{"class":135},[45,117202,161],{"class":59},[45,117204,117205],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,117206,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117208,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,117210,12334],{"class":51},[45,117212,223],{"class":59},[45,117214,64],{"class":63},[45,117216,16582],{"class":67},[45,117218,64],{"class":63},[45,117220,13743],{"class":59},[45,117222,13746],{"class":135},[45,117224,156],{"class":59},[45,117226,36837],{"class":96},[45,117228,161],{"class":59},[45,117230,117231],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,117232,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117234,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,117236,153],{"class":152},[45,117238,156],{"class":59},[45,117240,12334],{"class":135},[45,117242,3889],{"class":59},[45,117244,117245],{"class":1712},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[45,117247,117248,117250,117252,117254,117256],{"class":47,"line":6657},[45,117249,153],{"class":152},[45,117251,156],{"class":59},[45,117253,116022],{"class":135},[45,117255,3889],{"class":59},[45,117257,117258],{"class":1712},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[45,117260,117261,117263,117265,117267,117269],{"class":47,"line":11797},[45,117262,153],{"class":152},[45,117264,156],{"class":59},[45,117266,116036],{"class":135},[45,117268,3889],{"class":59},[45,117270,117271],{"class":1712},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117273,117274],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[31,117276,117278],{"id":117277},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117280,117281],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[258,117283,117284,117287,117290,117293],{},[261,117285,117286],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[261,117288,117289],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[261,117291,117292],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[261,117294,117295],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117297,117298],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[36,117300,117302],{"className":38,"code":117301,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117303,117304,117312,117320,117324,117332,117336,117348],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117305,117306,117308,117310],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117307,2784],{"class":51},[45,117309,56],{"class":55},[45,117311,2817],{"class":96},[45,117313,117314,117316,117318],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117315,2812],{"class":51},[45,117317,56],{"class":55},[45,117319,36170],{"class":51},[45,117321,117322],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,117323,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117325,117326,117328,117330],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,117327,2812],{"class":51},[45,117329,56],{"class":55},[45,117331,14807],{"class":96},[45,117333,117334],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,117335,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117337,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,117339,153],{"class":152},[45,117341,156],{"class":59},[45,117343,277],{"class":135},[45,117345,3889],{"class":59},[45,117347,26951],{"class":1712},[45,117349,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,117351,153],{"class":152},[45,117353,156],{"class":59},[45,117355,1930],{"class":135},[45,117357,3889],{"class":59},[45,117359,27772],{"class":1712},[20,117361,93518,117362,117365],{},[277,117363,117364],{"href":12266},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[31,117367,3061],{"id":3060},[20,117369,117370],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[258,117372,117373,117377,117382,117387,117390],{},[261,117374,1797,117375,56788],{},[15,117376,56],{},[261,117378,1797,117379,117381],{},[15,117380,55605],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[261,117383,1797,117384,117386],{},[15,117385,12636],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[261,117388,117389],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[261,117391,117392],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117394,117395],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[36,117397,117399],{"className":38,"code":117398,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117400,117401,117415,117429,117451,117482],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117402,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117404,153],{"class":152},[45,117406,156],{"class":59},[45,117408,12287],{"class":135},[45,117410,12395],{"class":921},[45,117412,14577],{"class":135},[45,117414,161],{"class":59},[45,117416,117417,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117418,153],{"class":152},[45,117420,156],{"class":59},[45,117422,12287],{"class":135},[45,117424,4912],{"class":55},[45,117426,14577],{"class":135},[45,117428,161],{"class":59},[45,117430,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,117432,153],{"class":152},[45,117434,156],{"class":59},[45,117436,12851],{"class":152},[45,117438,156],{"class":59},[45,117440,12334],{"class":135},[45,117442,9450],{"class":59},[45,117444,15009],{"class":152},[45,117446,156],{"class":59},[45,117448,14523],{"class":135},[45,117450,179],{"class":59},[45,117452,117453,117455,117457,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117470,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,117454,153],{"class":152},[45,117456,156],{"class":59},[45,117458,12851],{"class":152},[45,117460,156],{"class":59},[45,117462,12334],{"class":135},[45,117464,223],{"class":59},[45,117466,1117],{"class":96},[45,117468,117469],{"class":59},"]),",[45,117471,15009],{"class":152},[45,117473,156],{"class":59},[45,117475,14523],{"class":135},[45,117477,223],{"class":59},[45,117479,1117],{"class":96},[45,117481,3229],{"class":59},[45,117483,117484,117486,117488,117490,117492,117494],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,117485,153],{"class":152},[45,117487,156],{"class":59},[45,117489,1478],{"class":171},[45,117491,156],{"class":59},[45,117493,12334],{"class":135},[45,117495,179],{"class":59},[20,117497,117498],{},"What they tell you:",[258,117500,117501,117506,117511,117516,117526],{},[261,117502,117503,117505],{},[15,117504,12395],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[261,117507,117508,117510],{},[15,117509,4912],{}," checks whether values are equal",[261,117512,117513,117515],{},[15,117514,43488],{}," shows the identity of an object",[261,117517,117518,117519,329,117522,117525],{},"comparing ",[15,117520,117521],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117523,117524],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[261,117527,117528,117530],{},[15,117529,2531],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[31,117532,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,117534,117536],{"id":117535},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117538,117539],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1398,117541,57274],{"id":57189},[20,117543,117544],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1398,117546,117548],{"id":117547},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117550,117551],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1398,117553,117555],{"id":117554},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117557,117558],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1398,117560,117562],{"id":117561},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117564,117565],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[31,117567,2114],{"id":2113},[258,117569,117570,117575,117581,117587,117591],{},[261,117571,117572],{},[277,117573,117574],{"href":12266},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[261,117576,117577],{},[277,117578,3802,117579,994],{"href":54964},[15,117580,55605],{},[261,117582,117583],{},[277,117584,3802,117585,994],{"href":12633},[15,117586,12636],{},[261,117588,117589],{},[277,117590,15158],{"href":57224},[261,117592,117593],{},[277,117594,117595],{"href":58499},"What is a list in Python?",[2154,117597,117598],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":117600},[117601,117602,117603,117604,117605,117606,117611,117612,117613,117614,117615,117616,117623],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":116056,"depth":121,"text":116057},{"id":116077,"depth":121,"text":116078},{"id":116320,"depth":121,"text":116321},{"id":116460,"depth":121,"text":116461},{"id":116576,"depth":121,"text":116577,"children":117607},[117608,117609,117610],{"id":116583,"depth":142,"text":116584},{"id":116652,"depth":142,"text":116653},{"id":116751,"depth":142,"text":116752},{"id":116865,"depth":121,"text":116866},{"id":116997,"depth":121,"text":116998},{"id":117111,"depth":121,"text":117112},{"id":117277,"depth":121,"text":117278},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":117617},[117618,117619,117620,117621,117622],{"id":117535,"depth":142,"text":117536},{"id":57189,"depth":142,"text":57274},{"id":117547,"depth":142,"text":117548},{"id":117554,"depth":142,"text":117555},{"id":117561,"depth":142,"text":117562},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115857,"description":117624},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117630,"title":117631,"body":117632,"description":119489,"extension":2195,"meta":119490,"navigation":145,"path":119491,"seo":119492,"stem":119493,"__hash__":119494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117633,"toc":119447},[117634,117639,117644,117652,117654,117722,117727,117732,117747,117750,117752,117783,117785,117805,117808,117823,117825,117828,117901,117903,117948,117950,117961,117966,117970,117975,117978,118017,118019,118039,118042,118099,118101,118136,118139,118178,118180,118200,118203,118234,118236,118292,118294,118299,118370,118372,118405,118410,118415,118480,118482,118519,118522,118599,118601,118661,118668,118673,118676,118679,118760,118762,118803,118808,118811,118889,118891,118924,118933,118940,118943,118954,118957,118968,118972,118980,118989,118993,118998,119002,119007,119050,119053,119059,119062,119064,119111,119116,119120,119123,119172,119174,119195,119198,119200,119225,119228,119349,119354,119356,119361,119364,119369,119372,119380,119385,119392,119395,119403,119406,119408,119444],[10,117635,3802,117637,3806],{"id":117636},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117638,74431],{},[20,117640,117641,117643],{},[15,117642,74431],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117645,117646,117647,2419,117649,117651],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117648,77874],{},[15,117650,74431],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[31,117653,3836],{"id":3835},[36,117655,117657],{"className":38,"code":117656,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117658,117659,117679,117693,117697,117709],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117660,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117662,3846],{"class":51},[45,117664,56],{"class":55},[45,117666,1427],{"class":59},[45,117668,2294],{"class":96},[45,117670,84],{"class":59},[45,117672,1049],{"class":96},[45,117674,84],{"class":59},[45,117676,1035],{"class":96},[45,117678,244],{"class":59},[45,117680,117681,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117682,716],{"class":51},[45,117684,56],{"class":55},[45,117686,74565],{"class":152},[45,117688,156],{"class":59},[45,117690,3876],{"class":135},[45,117692,161],{"class":59},[45,117694,117695],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,117696,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117698,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,117700,153],{"class":152},[45,117702,156],{"class":59},[45,117704,740],{"class":135},[45,117706,3889],{"class":59},[45,117708,55692],{"class":1712},[45,117710,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,117712,153],{"class":152},[45,117714,156],{"class":59},[45,117716,3876],{"class":135},[45,117718,3889],{"class":59},[45,117720,117721],{"class":1712},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117723,117724,117726],{},[15,117725,74431],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[31,117728,253,117730,256],{"id":117729},"what-sorted-does",[15,117731,74431],{},[258,117733,117734,117738,117741,117744],{},[261,117735,117736,62932],{},[15,117737,74431],{},[261,117739,117740],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[261,117742,117743],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[261,117745,117746],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117748,117749],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[31,117751,284],{"id":283},[36,117753,117755],{"className":38,"code":117754,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117756,117757],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779,117781],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117760,74521],{"class":152},[45,117762,156],{"class":59},[45,117764,3948],{"class":135},[45,117766,84],{"class":59},[45,117768,21758],{"class":9393},[45,117770,56],{"class":55},[45,117772,4006],{"class":4080},[45,117774,84],{"class":59},[45,117776,78077],{"class":9393},[45,117778,56],{"class":55},[45,117780,3902],{"class":4080},[45,117782,161],{"class":59},[1398,117784,17577],{"id":17576},[258,117786,117787,117792,117797],{},[261,117788,117789,117791],{},[15,117790,3948],{},": the values to sort",[261,117793,117794,117796],{},[15,117795,15034],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[261,117798,117799,117801,117802,117804],{},[15,117800,73584],{},": set to ",[15,117803,3831],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117806,117807],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[36,117809,117811],{"className":38,"code":117810,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117812,117813],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117814,117815,117817,117819,117821],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117816,74521],{"class":152},[45,117818,156],{"class":59},[45,117820,60313],{"class":135},[45,117822,161],{"class":59},[31,117824,640],{"id":639},[20,117826,117827],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[36,117829,117831],{"className":38,"code":117830,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117832,117833,117857,117861,117876,117880,117891],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117834,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117836,3846],{"class":51},[45,117838,56],{"class":55},[45,117840,1427],{"class":59},[45,117842,2366],{"class":96},[45,117844,84],{"class":59},[45,117846,1035],{"class":96},[45,117848,84],{"class":59},[45,117850,6580],{"class":96},[45,117852,84],{"class":59},[45,117854,1049],{"class":96},[45,117856,244],{"class":59},[45,117858,117859],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117860,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117862,117863,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,117864,117865],{"class":51},"sorted_numbers ",[45,117867,56],{"class":55},[45,117869,74565],{"class":152},[45,117871,156],{"class":59},[45,117873,3876],{"class":135},[45,117875,161],{"class":59},[45,117877,117878],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,117879,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,117881,117882,117884,117886,117889],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,117883,153],{"class":152},[45,117885,156],{"class":59},[45,117887,117888],{"class":135},"sorted_numbers",[45,117890,161],{"class":59},[45,117892,117893,117895,117897,117899],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,117894,153],{"class":152},[45,117896,156],{"class":59},[45,117898,3876],{"class":135},[45,117900,161],{"class":59},[20,117902,182],{},[36,117904,117906],{"className":38,"code":117905,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117907,117908,117928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117909,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117911,223],{"class":59},[45,117913,1430],{"class":96},[45,117915,84],{"class":59},[45,117917,1035],{"class":96},[45,117919,84],{"class":59},[45,117921,4828],{"class":96},[45,117923,84],{"class":59},[45,117925,6580],{"class":96},[45,117927,244],{"class":59},[45,117929,117930,117932,117934,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,117931,223],{"class":59},[45,117933,2366],{"class":96},[45,117935,84],{"class":59},[45,117937,1035],{"class":96},[45,117939,84],{"class":59},[45,117941,6580],{"class":96},[45,117943,84],{"class":59},[45,117945,1049],{"class":96},[45,117947,244],{"class":59},[20,117949,13955],{},[258,117951,117952,117957],{},[261,117953,117954,117956],{},[15,117955,117888],{}," is a new sorted list",[261,117958,117959,112493],{},[15,117960,3876],{},[20,117962,117963,117964,132],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[277,117965,78384],{"href":78383},[31,117967,117969],{"id":117968},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117971,117972,117974],{},[15,117973,74431],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1398,117976,117977],{"id":172},"List",[36,117979,117981],{"className":38,"code":117980,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117982,117983,118003],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,117984,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,117986,3846],{"class":51},[45,117988,56],{"class":55},[45,117990,1427],{"class":59},[45,117992,2294],{"class":96},[45,117994,84],{"class":59},[45,117996,1049],{"class":96},[45,117998,84],{"class":59},[45,118000,1035],{"class":96},[45,118002,244],{"class":59},[45,118004,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118006,153],{"class":152},[45,118008,156],{"class":59},[45,118010,74521],{"class":152},[45,118012,156],{"class":59},[45,118014,3876],{"class":135},[45,118016,179],{"class":59},[20,118018,182],{},[36,118020,118021],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,118022,118023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118024,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118026,223],{"class":59},[45,118028,1430],{"class":96},[45,118030,84],{"class":59},[45,118032,1035],{"class":96},[45,118034,84],{"class":59},[45,118036,1063],{"class":96},[45,118038,244],{"class":59},[1398,118040,118041],{"id":48955},"Tuple",[36,118043,118045],{"className":38,"code":118044,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118046,118047,118067,118081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118048,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118050,124],{"class":51},[45,118052,56],{"class":55},[45,118054,9453],{"class":59},[45,118056,2294],{"class":96},[45,118058,84],{"class":59},[45,118060,1049],{"class":96},[45,118062,84],{"class":59},[45,118064,1035],{"class":96},[45,118066,161],{"class":59},[45,118068,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118070,153],{"class":152},[45,118072,156],{"class":59},[45,118074,74521],{"class":152},[45,118076,156],{"class":59},[45,118078,136],{"class":135},[45,118080,179],{"class":59},[45,118082,118083,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,118084,153],{"class":152},[45,118086,156],{"class":59},[45,118088,1478],{"class":171},[45,118090,156],{"class":59},[45,118092,74521],{"class":152},[45,118094,156],{"class":59},[45,118096,136],{"class":135},[45,118098,3143],{"class":59},[20,118100,182],{},[36,118102,118104],{"className":38,"code":118103,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118105,118106,118122],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118107,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118109,223],{"class":59},[45,118111,1430],{"class":96},[45,118113,84],{"class":59},[45,118115,1035],{"class":96},[45,118117,84],{"class":59},[45,118119,1063],{"class":96},[45,118121,244],{"class":59},[45,118123,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118125,1594],{"class":55},[45,118127,1598],{"class":1597},[45,118129,211],{"class":63},[45,118131,172],{"class":67},[45,118133,198],{"class":63},[45,118135,1607],{"class":55},[1398,118137,118138],{"id":6508},"Set",[36,118140,118142],{"className":38,"code":118141,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118143,118144,118164],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118145,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118147,124],{"class":51},[45,118149,56],{"class":55},[45,118151,60],{"class":59},[45,118153,2294],{"class":96},[45,118155,84],{"class":59},[45,118157,1049],{"class":96},[45,118159,84],{"class":59},[45,118161,1035],{"class":96},[45,118163,118],{"class":59},[45,118165,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118167,153],{"class":152},[45,118169,156],{"class":59},[45,118171,74521],{"class":152},[45,118173,156],{"class":59},[45,118175,136],{"class":135},[45,118177,179],{"class":59},[20,118179,182],{},[36,118181,118182],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,118183,118184],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118185,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118187,223],{"class":59},[45,118189,1430],{"class":96},[45,118191,84],{"class":59},[45,118193,1035],{"class":96},[45,118195,84],{"class":59},[45,118197,1063],{"class":96},[45,118199,244],{"class":59},[1398,118201,118202],{"id":61180},"String",[36,118204,118206],{"className":38,"code":118205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118207,118208,118220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118209,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118211,34680],{"class":51},[45,118213,56],{"class":55},[45,118215,76],{"class":63},[45,118217,40],{"class":67},[45,118219,468],{"class":63},[45,118221,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118223,153],{"class":152},[45,118225,156],{"class":59},[45,118227,74521],{"class":152},[45,118229,156],{"class":59},[45,118231,34701],{"class":135},[45,118233,179],{"class":59},[20,118235,182],{},[36,118237,118238],{"className":38,"code":79401,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,118239,118240],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118241,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118243,223],{"class":59},[45,118245,198],{"class":63},[45,118247,60444],{"class":67},[45,118249,198],{"class":63},[45,118251,84],{"class":59},[45,118253,211],{"class":63},[45,118255,76037],{"class":67},[45,118257,198],{"class":63},[45,118259,84],{"class":59},[45,118261,211],{"class":63},[45,118263,60479],{"class":67},[45,118265,198],{"class":63},[45,118267,84],{"class":59},[45,118269,211],{"class":63},[45,118271,20],{"class":67},[45,118273,198],{"class":63},[45,118275,84],{"class":59},[45,118277,211],{"class":63},[45,118279,63293],{"class":67},[45,118281,198],{"class":63},[45,118283,84],{"class":59},[45,118285,211],{"class":63},[45,118287,11946],{"class":67},[45,118289,198],{"class":63},[45,118291,244],{"class":59},[1398,118293,29379],{"id":15798},[20,118295,63546,118296,118298],{},[15,118297,74431],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[36,118300,118302],{"className":38,"code":118301,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118303,118304,118356],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118305,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118307,371],{"class":51},[45,118309,56],{"class":55},[45,118311,60],{"class":59},[45,118313,64],{"class":63},[45,118315,68],{"class":67},[45,118317,64],{"class":63},[45,118319,73],{"class":59},[45,118321,76],{"class":63},[45,118323,79],{"class":67},[45,118325,64],{"class":63},[45,118327,84],{"class":59},[45,118329,76],{"class":63},[45,118331,89],{"class":67},[45,118333,64],{"class":63},[45,118335,73],{"class":59},[45,118337,97],{"class":96},[45,118339,84],{"class":59},[45,118341,76],{"class":63},[45,118343,104],{"class":67},[45,118345,64],{"class":63},[45,118347,73],{"class":59},[45,118349,76],{"class":63},[45,118351,113],{"class":67},[45,118353,64],{"class":63},[45,118355,118],{"class":59},[45,118357,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118359,153],{"class":152},[45,118361,156],{"class":59},[45,118363,74521],{"class":152},[45,118365,156],{"class":59},[45,118367,446],{"class":135},[45,118369,179],{"class":59},[20,118371,182],{},[36,118373,118375],{"className":38,"code":118374,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118376,118377],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118378,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118380,223],{"class":59},[45,118382,198],{"class":63},[45,118384,89],{"class":67},[45,118386,198],{"class":63},[45,118388,84],{"class":59},[45,118390,211],{"class":63},[45,118392,104],{"class":67},[45,118394,198],{"class":63},[45,118396,84],{"class":59},[45,118398,211],{"class":63},[45,118400,68],{"class":67},[45,118402,198],{"class":63},[45,118404,244],{"class":59},[31,118406,1797,118408],{"id":118407},"using-reversetrue",[15,118409,78098],{},[20,118411,1006,118412,118414],{},[15,118413,78098],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[36,118416,118418],{"className":38,"code":118417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118419,118420,118440,118444,118458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118421,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430,118432,118434,118436,118438],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118423,3846],{"class":51},[45,118425,56],{"class":55},[45,118427,1427],{"class":59},[45,118429,2294],{"class":96},[45,118431,84],{"class":59},[45,118433,1049],{"class":96},[45,118435,84],{"class":59},[45,118437,1035],{"class":96},[45,118439,244],{"class":59},[45,118441,118442],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118443,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,118445,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,118447,153],{"class":152},[45,118449,156],{"class":59},[45,118451,74521],{"class":152},[45,118453,156],{"class":59},[45,118455,3876],{"class":135},[45,118457,179],{"class":59},[45,118459,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,118461,153],{"class":152},[45,118463,156],{"class":59},[45,118465,74521],{"class":152},[45,118467,156],{"class":59},[45,118469,3876],{"class":135},[45,118471,84],{"class":59},[45,118473,78077],{"class":9393},[45,118475,56],{"class":55},[45,118477,3831],{"class":4080},[45,118479,179],{"class":59},[20,118481,182],{},[36,118483,118485],{"className":38,"code":118484,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118486,118487,118503],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118488,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118490,223],{"class":59},[45,118492,1430],{"class":96},[45,118494,84],{"class":59},[45,118496,1035],{"class":96},[45,118498,84],{"class":59},[45,118500,1063],{"class":96},[45,118502,244],{"class":59},[45,118504,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118506,223],{"class":59},[45,118508,2294],{"class":96},[45,118510,84],{"class":59},[45,118512,1035],{"class":96},[45,118514,84],{"class":59},[45,118516,1049],{"class":96},[45,118518,244],{"class":59},[20,118520,118521],{},"This also works with strings:",[36,118523,118525],{"className":38,"code":118524,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118526,118527,118559,118563,118577],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118528,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118530,4296],{"class":51},[45,118532,56],{"class":55},[45,118534,1427],{"class":59},[45,118536,64],{"class":63},[45,118538,1028],{"class":67},[45,118540,64],{"class":63},[45,118542,84],{"class":59},[45,118544,76],{"class":63},[45,118546,1042],{"class":67},[45,118548,64],{"class":63},[45,118550,84],{"class":59},[45,118552,76],{"class":63},[45,118554,4321],{"class":67},[45,118556,64],{"class":63},[45,118558,244],{"class":59},[45,118560,118561],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118562,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,118564,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,118566,153],{"class":152},[45,118568,156],{"class":59},[45,118570,74521],{"class":152},[45,118572,156],{"class":59},[45,118574,4338],{"class":135},[45,118576,179],{"class":59},[45,118578,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,118580,153],{"class":152},[45,118582,156],{"class":59},[45,118584,74521],{"class":152},[45,118586,156],{"class":59},[45,118588,4338],{"class":135},[45,118590,84],{"class":59},[45,118592,78077],{"class":9393},[45,118594,56],{"class":55},[45,118596,3831],{"class":4080},[45,118598,179],{"class":59},[20,118600,182],{},[36,118602,118603],{"className":38,"code":74165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,118604,118605,118633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118606,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118608,223],{"class":59},[45,118610,198],{"class":63},[45,118612,1028],{"class":67},[45,118614,198],{"class":63},[45,118616,84],{"class":59},[45,118618,211],{"class":63},[45,118620,1042],{"class":67},[45,118622,198],{"class":63},[45,118624,84],{"class":59},[45,118626,211],{"class":63},[45,118628,4321],{"class":67},[45,118630,198],{"class":63},[45,118632,244],{"class":59},[45,118634,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118636,223],{"class":59},[45,118638,198],{"class":63},[45,118640,4321],{"class":67},[45,118642,198],{"class":63},[45,118644,84],{"class":59},[45,118646,211],{"class":63},[45,118648,1042],{"class":67},[45,118650,198],{"class":63},[45,118652,84],{"class":59},[45,118654,211],{"class":63},[45,118656,1028],{"class":67},[45,118658,198],{"class":63},[45,118660,244],{"class":59},[31,118662,1797,118664,118667],{"id":118663},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118665,118666],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118669,2212,118670,118672],{},[15,118671,118666],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118674,118675],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118677,118678],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[36,118680,118682],{"className":38,"code":118681,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118683,118684,118724,118728,118750],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118685,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118687,4296],{"class":51},[45,118689,56],{"class":55},[45,118691,1427],{"class":59},[45,118693,64],{"class":63},[45,118695,78751],{"class":67},[45,118697,64],{"class":63},[45,118699,84],{"class":59},[45,118701,76],{"class":63},[45,118703,38355],{"class":67},[45,118705,64],{"class":63},[45,118707,84],{"class":59},[45,118709,76],{"class":63},[45,118711,1042],{"class":67},[45,118713,64],{"class":63},[45,118715,84],{"class":59},[45,118717,76],{"class":63},[45,118719,38338],{"class":67},[45,118721,64],{"class":63},[45,118723,244],{"class":59},[45,118725,118726],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118727,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,118729,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,118731,716],{"class":51},[45,118733,56],{"class":55},[45,118735,74565],{"class":152},[45,118737,156],{"class":59},[45,118739,4338],{"class":135},[45,118741,84],{"class":59},[45,118743,21758],{"class":9393},[45,118745,56],{"class":55},[45,118747,11369],{"class":152},[45,118749,161],{"class":59},[45,118751,118752,118754,118756,118758],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,118753,153],{"class":152},[45,118755,156],{"class":59},[45,118757,740],{"class":135},[45,118759,161],{"class":59},[20,118761,182],{},[36,118763,118765],{"className":38,"code":118764,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118766,118767],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118768,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118795,118797,118799,118801],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118770,223],{"class":59},[45,118772,198],{"class":63},[45,118774,38355],{"class":67},[45,118776,198],{"class":63},[45,118778,84],{"class":59},[45,118780,211],{"class":63},[45,118782,78751],{"class":67},[45,118784,198],{"class":63},[45,118786,84],{"class":59},[45,118788,211],{"class":63},[45,118790,38338],{"class":67},[45,118792,198],{"class":63},[45,118794,84],{"class":59},[45,118796,211],{"class":63},[45,118798,1042],{"class":67},[45,118800,198],{"class":63},[45,118802,244],{"class":59},[20,118804,20949,118805,118807],{},[15,118806,11369],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118809,118810],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[36,118812,118814],{"className":38,"code":118813,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118815,118816,118849,118853,118879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118817,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832,118834,118836,118838,118840,118842,118845,118847],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118819,4296],{"class":51},[45,118821,56],{"class":55},[45,118823,1427],{"class":59},[45,118825,64],{"class":63},[45,118827,83370],{"class":67},[45,118829,64],{"class":63},[45,118831,84],{"class":59},[45,118833,76],{"class":63},[45,118835,1028],{"class":67},[45,118837,64],{"class":63},[45,118839,84],{"class":59},[45,118841,76],{"class":63},[45,118843,118844],{"class":67},"Cherry",[45,118846,64],{"class":63},[45,118848,244],{"class":59},[45,118850,118851],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,118852,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,118854,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,118856,716],{"class":51},[45,118858,56],{"class":55},[45,118860,74565],{"class":152},[45,118862,156],{"class":59},[45,118864,4338],{"class":135},[45,118866,84],{"class":59},[45,118868,21758],{"class":9393},[45,118870,56],{"class":55},[45,118872,3669],{"class":171},[45,118874,132],{"class":59},[45,118876,8858],{"class":1863},[45,118878,161],{"class":59},[45,118880,118881,118883,118885,118887],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,118882,153],{"class":152},[45,118884,156],{"class":59},[45,118886,740],{"class":135},[45,118888,161],{"class":59},[20,118890,182],{},[36,118892,118894],{"className":38,"code":118893,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118895,118896],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,118897,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,118899,223],{"class":59},[45,118901,198],{"class":63},[45,118903,1028],{"class":67},[45,118905,198],{"class":63},[45,118907,84],{"class":59},[45,118909,211],{"class":63},[45,118911,83370],{"class":67},[45,118913,198],{"class":63},[45,118915,84],{"class":59},[45,118917,211],{"class":63},[45,118919,118844],{"class":67},[45,118921,198],{"class":63},[45,118923,244],{"class":59},[20,118925,118926,118927,35323,118929,132],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118928,42360],{},[277,118930,3802,118931,3735],{"href":42357},[15,118932,42360],{},[31,118934,118936,1174,118938],{"id":118935},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118937,74431],{},[15,118939,77874],{},[20,118941,118942],{},"The main difference is this:",[258,118944,118945,118950],{},[261,118946,118947,118949],{},[15,118948,74431],{}," returns a new list",[261,118951,118952,73969],{},[15,118953,77874],{},[20,118955,118956],{},"Also:",[258,118958,118959,118964],{},[261,118960,118961,118963],{},[15,118962,74431],{}," works with many iterables",[261,118965,118966,79307],{},[15,118967,77874],{},[20,118969,1006,118970,10811],{},[15,118971,74431],{},[258,118973,118974,118977],{},[261,118975,118976],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[261,118978,118979],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118981,118982,118983,132],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[277,118984,3802,118985,1174,118987,6004],{"href":79132},[15,118986,74431],{},[15,118988,77874],{},[31,118990,118992],{"id":118991},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118994,118995,118996,132],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118997,74431],{},[1398,118999,119001],{"id":119000},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119003,119004,119005,73],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119006,3235],{},[36,119008,119010],{"className":38,"code":119009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119011,119012,119036],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119013,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119015,124],{"class":51},[45,119017,56],{"class":55},[45,119019,1427],{"class":59},[45,119021,1430],{"class":96},[45,119023,84],{"class":59},[45,119025,76],{"class":63},[45,119027,1133],{"class":67},[45,119029,64],{"class":63},[45,119031,84],{"class":59},[45,119033,1063],{"class":96},[45,119035,244],{"class":59},[45,119037,119038,119040,119042,119044,119046,119048],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119039,153],{"class":152},[45,119041,156],{"class":59},[45,119043,74521],{"class":152},[45,119045,156],{"class":59},[45,119047,136],{"class":135},[45,119049,179],{"class":59},[20,119051,119052],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1398,119054,119056,119057,2532],{"id":119055},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119058,15034],{},[20,119060,119061],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119063,361],{},[36,119065,119067],{"className":38,"code":119066,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119068,119069,119089],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119070,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119072,3846],{"class":51},[45,119074,56],{"class":55},[45,119076,1427],{"class":59},[45,119078,2560],{"class":96},[45,119080,84],{"class":59},[45,119082,1035],{"class":96},[45,119084,84],{"class":59},[45,119086,8016],{"class":96},[45,119088,244],{"class":59},[45,119090,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119092,153],{"class":152},[45,119094,156],{"class":59},[45,119096,74521],{"class":152},[45,119098,156],{"class":59},[45,119100,3876],{"class":135},[45,119102,84],{"class":59},[45,119104,21758],{"class":9393},[45,119106,56],{"class":55},[45,119108,11369],{"class":152},[45,119110,179],{"class":59},[20,119112,48512,119113,119115],{},[15,119114,42360],{}," does not work on integers.",[1398,119117,119119],{"id":119118},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119121,119122],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[36,119124,119126],{"className":38,"code":119125,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119127,119128,119148,119158,119162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119129,119130,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144,119146],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119131,3846],{"class":51},[45,119133,56],{"class":55},[45,119135,1427],{"class":59},[45,119137,2294],{"class":96},[45,119139,84],{"class":59},[45,119141,1049],{"class":96},[45,119143,84],{"class":59},[45,119145,1035],{"class":96},[45,119147,244],{"class":59},[45,119149,119150,119152,119154,119156],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119151,74521],{"class":152},[45,119153,156],{"class":59},[45,119155,3876],{"class":135},[45,119157,161],{"class":59},[45,119159,119160],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,119161,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,119163,119164,119166,119168,119170],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,119165,153],{"class":152},[45,119167,156],{"class":59},[45,119169,3876],{"class":135},[45,119171,161],{"class":59},[20,119173,182],{},[36,119175,119177],{"className":38,"code":119176,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119178,119179],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119180,119181,119183,119185,119187,119189,119191,119193],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119182,223],{"class":59},[45,119184,2294],{"class":96},[45,119186,84],{"class":59},[45,119188,1049],{"class":96},[45,119190,84],{"class":59},[45,119192,1035],{"class":96},[45,119194,244],{"class":59},[20,119196,119197],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[31,119199,3061],{"id":3060},[258,119201,119202,119206,119209,119214,119218],{},[261,119203,1503,119204,73969],{},[15,119205,74431],{},[261,119207,119208],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[261,119210,4928,119211,119213],{},[15,119212,74431],{}," always returns a list",[261,119215,1797,119216,23276],{},[15,119217,118666],{},[261,119219,1401,119220,119222,119223],{},[15,119221,64318],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119224,74431],{},[20,119226,119227],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[36,119229,119231],{"className":38,"code":119230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119232,119233,119255,119281,119319],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119234,119235,119237,119239,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119236,153],{"class":152},[45,119238,156],{"class":59},[45,119240,74521],{"class":152},[45,119242,195],{"class":59},[45,119244,2294],{"class":96},[45,119246,84],{"class":59},[45,119248,1049],{"class":96},[45,119250,84],{"class":59},[45,119252,1035],{"class":96},[45,119254,3229],{"class":59},[45,119256,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119258,153],{"class":152},[45,119260,156],{"class":59},[45,119262,1478],{"class":171},[45,119264,156],{"class":59},[45,119266,74521],{"class":152},[45,119268,5731],{"class":59},[45,119270,2294],{"class":96},[45,119272,84],{"class":59},[45,119274,1049],{"class":96},[45,119276,84],{"class":59},[45,119278,1035],{"class":96},[45,119280,93374],{"class":59},[45,119282,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,119284,153],{"class":152},[45,119286,156],{"class":59},[45,119288,74521],{"class":152},[45,119290,195],{"class":59},[45,119292,198],{"class":63},[45,119294,83370],{"class":67},[45,119296,198],{"class":63},[45,119298,84],{"class":59},[45,119300,211],{"class":63},[45,119302,1028],{"class":67},[45,119304,198],{"class":63},[45,119306,18243],{"class":59},[45,119308,21758],{"class":9393},[45,119310,56],{"class":55},[45,119312,3669],{"class":171},[45,119314,132],{"class":59},[45,119316,8858],{"class":1863},[45,119318,179],{"class":59},[45,119320,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339,119341,119343,119345,119347],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,119322,153],{"class":152},[45,119324,156],{"class":59},[45,119326,74521],{"class":152},[45,119328,195],{"class":59},[45,119330,2294],{"class":96},[45,119332,84],{"class":59},[45,119334,1049],{"class":96},[45,119336,84],{"class":59},[45,119338,1035],{"class":96},[45,119340,18243],{"class":59},[45,119342,78077],{"class":9393},[45,119344,56],{"class":55},[45,119346,3831],{"class":4080},[45,119348,179],{"class":59},[20,119350,119351,119352,132],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[277,119353,52775],{"href":50982},[31,119355,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,119357,2062,119359,57168],{"id":119358},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119360,74431],{},[20,119362,119363],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1398,119365,2049,119367,12917],{"id":119366},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119368,74431],{},[20,119370,119371],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1398,119373,119375,119376,1800,119378,2079],{"id":119374},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119377,74431],{},[15,119379,77874],{},[20,119381,1006,119382,119384],{},[15,119383,74431],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1398,119386,2049,119388,86458,119390,2079],{"id":119387},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119389,118666],{},[15,119391,74431],{},[20,119393,119394],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1398,119396,5378,119398,119400,119401,2079],{"id":119397},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119399,74431],{}," give a ",[15,119402,3235],{},[20,119404,119405],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[31,119407,2114],{"id":2113},[258,119409,119410,119414,119422,119426,119432,119438],{},[261,119411,119412],{},[277,119413,79880],{"href":78383},[261,119415,119416],{},[277,119417,3802,119418,1174,119420,6004],{"href":79132},[15,119419,74431],{},[15,119421,77874],{},[261,119423,119424],{},[277,119425,52775],{"href":50982},[261,119427,119428],{},[277,119429,3802,119430,3735],{"href":42357},[15,119431,42360],{},[261,119433,119434],{},[277,119435,3802,119436,3735],{"href":92030},[15,119437,35743],{},[261,119439,119440],{},[277,119441,3802,119442,3735],{"href":36190},[15,119443,36193],{},[2154,119445,119446],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":119448},[119449,119450,119452,119455,119456,119463,119465,119467,119469,119475,119476,119488],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":117729,"depth":121,"text":119451},"What sorted() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":119453},[119454],{"id":17576,"depth":142,"text":17577},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":117968,"depth":121,"text":117969,"children":119457},[119458,119459,119460,119461,119462],{"id":172,"depth":142,"text":117977},{"id":48955,"depth":142,"text":118041},{"id":6508,"depth":142,"text":118138},{"id":61180,"depth":142,"text":118202},{"id":15798,"depth":142,"text":29379},{"id":118407,"depth":121,"text":119464},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118663,"depth":121,"text":119466},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118935,"depth":121,"text":119468},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118991,"depth":121,"text":118992,"children":119470},[119471,119472,119474],{"id":119000,"depth":142,"text":119001},{"id":119055,"depth":142,"text":119473},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119118,"depth":142,"text":119119},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":119477},[119478,119480,119482,119484,119486],{"id":119358,"depth":142,"text":119479},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119366,"depth":142,"text":119481},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119374,"depth":142,"text":119483},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119387,"depth":142,"text":119485},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119397,"depth":142,"text":119487},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117631,"description":119489},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119496,"title":119497,"body":119498,"description":121609,"extension":2195,"meta":121610,"navigation":145,"path":79132,"seo":121611,"stem":121612,"__hash__":121613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119499,"toc":121556},[119500,119507,119510,119520,119526,119529,119547,119555,119557,119616,119624,119628,119650,119654,119658,119660,119677,119679,119691,119697,119781,119785,119832,119838,119845,119849,119854,119856,119868,119873,119926,119930,119950,119957,119964,119968,119971,119990,119994,120108,120112,120182,120184,120196,120201,120205,120218,120222,120297,120301,120340,120347,120353,120358,120362,120376,120380,120445,120449,120482,120485,120490,120498,120505,120518,120521,120525,120608,120612,120649,120653,120756,120760,120821,120826,120833,120837,120840,120846,120849,120916,120920,120944,120946,120964,120971,121024,121028,121048,121054,121056,121113,121120,121146,121151,121156,121164,121170,121230,121234,121281,121284,121286,121289,121315,121318,121411,121413,121433,121437,121440,121458,121464,121466,121474,121479,121486,121489,121495,121498,121504,121512,121520,121525,121527,121553],[10,119501,3802,119503,1174,119505,93088],{"id":119502},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119504,74431],{},[15,119506,77874],{},[20,119508,119509],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[258,119511,119512,119516],{},[261,119513,119514],{},[15,119515,74431],{},[261,119517,119518],{},[15,119519,77874],{},[20,119521,119522,119523,119525],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[355,119524,4854],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119527,119528],{},"The main difference is simple:",[258,119530,119531,119539],{},[261,119532,1006,119533,119535,119536],{},[15,119534,74431],{}," when you want a ",[355,119537,119538],{},"new sorted result",[261,119540,1006,119541,119543,119544],{},[15,119542,77874],{}," when you want to ",[355,119545,119546],{},"change the original list",[20,119548,119549,119550,2627,119552,119554],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119551,77874],{},[15,119553,4006],{}," and causes confusion.",[31,119556,3836],{"id":3835},[36,119558,119560],{"className":38,"code":119559,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119561,119562,119582,119586,119603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119563,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119565,3846],{"class":51},[45,119567,56],{"class":55},[45,119569,1427],{"class":59},[45,119571,2294],{"class":96},[45,119573,84],{"class":59},[45,119575,1049],{"class":96},[45,119577,84],{"class":59},[45,119579,1035],{"class":96},[45,119581,244],{"class":59},[45,119583,119584],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119585,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,119587,119588,119590,119592,119594,119596,119598,119600],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,119589,55894],{"class":51},[45,119591,56],{"class":55},[45,119593,74565],{"class":152},[45,119595,156],{"class":59},[45,119597,3876],{"class":135},[45,119599,3889],{"class":59},[45,119601,119602],{"class":1712},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[45,119604,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,119606,3876],{"class":51},[45,119608,132],{"class":59},[45,119610,34792],{"class":135},[45,119612,7587],{"class":59},[45,119614,119615],{"class":1712},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119617,1006,119618,119620,119621,119623],{},[15,119619,74431],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119622,77874],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[31,119625,119627],{"id":119626},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[258,119629,119630,119635,119640,119647],{},[261,119631,1006,119632,119634],{},[15,119633,74431],{}," to get a new sorted list",[261,119636,1006,119637,119639],{},[15,119638,77874],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[261,119641,119642,119643,2627,119645],{},"Understand why ",[15,119644,77874],{},[15,119646,4006],{},[261,119648,119649],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[31,119651,253,119652,256],{"id":117729},[15,119653,74431],{},[20,119655,119656,62932],{},[15,119657,74431],{},[20,119659,48929],{},[258,119661,119662,119668,119674],{},[261,119663,119664,119665],{},"returns a ",[355,119666,119667],{},"new list",[261,119669,119670,119671,119673],{},"does ",[355,119672,4854],{}," change the original data",[261,119675,119676],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119678,51136],{},[258,119680,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689],{},[261,119682,5521],{},[261,119684,5524],{},[261,119686,5530],{},[261,119688,5527],{},[261,119690,35904],{},[1398,119692,35071,119694,119696],{"id":119693},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119695,74431],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[36,119698,119700],{"className":38,"code":119699,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119701,119702,119722,119726,119740,119744,119762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119703,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119705,3846],{"class":51},[45,119707,56],{"class":55},[45,119709,1427],{"class":59},[45,119711,2294],{"class":96},[45,119713,84],{"class":59},[45,119715,1049],{"class":96},[45,119717,84],{"class":59},[45,119719,1035],{"class":96},[45,119721,244],{"class":59},[45,119723,119724],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119725,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,119727,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,119729,716],{"class":51},[45,119731,56],{"class":55},[45,119733,74565],{"class":152},[45,119735,156],{"class":59},[45,119737,3876],{"class":135},[45,119739,161],{"class":59},[45,119741,119742],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,119743,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,119745,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,119747,153],{"class":152},[45,119749,156],{"class":59},[45,119751,64],{"class":63},[45,119753,12355],{"class":67},[45,119755,64],{"class":63},[45,119757,84],{"class":59},[45,119759,4488],{"class":135},[45,119761,161],{"class":59},[45,119763,119764,119766,119768,119770,119773,119775,119777,119779],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,119765,153],{"class":152},[45,119767,156],{"class":59},[45,119769,64],{"class":63},[45,119771,119772],{"class":67},"sorted result:",[45,119774,64],{"class":63},[45,119776,84],{"class":59},[45,119778,81224],{"class":135},[45,119780,161],{"class":59},[20,119782,119783],{},[355,119784,182],{},[36,119786,119788],{"className":38,"code":119787,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119789,119790,119810],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119793,12334],{"class":51},[45,119795,73],{"class":59},[45,119797,1427],{"class":59},[45,119799,2294],{"class":96},[45,119801,84],{"class":59},[45,119803,1049],{"class":96},[45,119805,84],{"class":59},[45,119807,1035],{"class":96},[45,119809,244],{"class":59},[45,119811,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828,119830],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119813,74521],{"class":152},[45,119815,81224],{"class":51},[45,119817,73],{"class":59},[45,119819,1427],{"class":59},[45,119821,1430],{"class":96},[45,119823,84],{"class":59},[45,119825,1035],{"class":96},[45,119827,84],{"class":59},[45,119829,1063],{"class":96},[45,119831,244],{"class":59},[20,119833,119834,119835,119837],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119836,3876],{}," stays the same.",[20,119839,119840,119841,132],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[277,119842,3802,119843,3735],{"href":74528},[15,119844,74431],{},[31,119846,253,119847,256],{"id":77940},[15,119848,77874],{},[20,119850,119851,119853],{},[15,119852,64318],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119855,48929],{},[258,119857,119858,119861,119864],{},[261,119859,119860],{},"changes the original list directly",[261,119862,119863],{},"only works on lists",[261,119865,3919,119866],{},[15,119867,4006],{},[1398,119869,35071,119871,73969],{"id":119870},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119872,77874],{},[36,119874,119876],{"className":38,"code":119875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119877,119878,119898,119902,119912,119916],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119879,119880,119882,119884,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119881,3846],{"class":51},[45,119883,56],{"class":55},[45,119885,1427],{"class":59},[45,119887,2294],{"class":96},[45,119889,84],{"class":59},[45,119891,1049],{"class":96},[45,119893,84],{"class":59},[45,119895,1035],{"class":96},[45,119897,244],{"class":59},[45,119899,119900],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,119901,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,119903,119904,119906,119908,119910],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,119905,3876],{"class":51},[45,119907,132],{"class":59},[45,119909,34792],{"class":135},[45,119911,139],{"class":59},[45,119913,119914],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,119915,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,119917,119918,119920,119922,119924],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,119919,153],{"class":152},[45,119921,156],{"class":59},[45,119923,3876],{"class":135},[45,119925,161],{"class":59},[20,119927,119928],{},[355,119929,182],{},[36,119931,119932],{"className":38,"code":55154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,119933,119934],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,119935,119936,119938,119940,119942,119944,119946,119948],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,119937,223],{"class":59},[45,119939,1430],{"class":96},[45,119941,84],{"class":59},[45,119943,1035],{"class":96},[45,119945,84],{"class":59},[45,119947,1063],{"class":96},[45,119949,244],{"class":59},[20,119951,119952,119953,119956],{},"After calling ",[15,119954,119955],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119958,119959,119960,132],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[277,119961,3802,119962,994],{"href":74782},[15,119963,77874],{},[31,119965,119967],{"id":119966},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119969,119970],{},"Here is the core difference:",[258,119972,119973,119982],{},[261,119974,119975,119978,119979],{},[15,119976,119977],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[355,119980,119981],{},"new sorted list",[261,119983,119984,119987,119988,74339],{},[15,119985,119986],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119989,1449],{},[1398,119991,119993],{"id":119992},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[36,119995,119997],{"className":38,"code":119996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119998,119999,120019,120023,120037,120056,120075,120079,120089],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120000,120001,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120002,3846],{"class":51},[45,120004,56],{"class":55},[45,120006,1427],{"class":59},[45,120008,2366],{"class":96},[45,120010,84],{"class":59},[45,120012,1035],{"class":96},[45,120014,84],{"class":59},[45,120016,2687],{"class":96},[45,120018,244],{"class":59},[45,120020,120021],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120022,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120024,120025,120027,120029,120031,120033,120035],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120026,2784],{"class":51},[45,120028,56],{"class":55},[45,120030,74565],{"class":152},[45,120032,156],{"class":59},[45,120034,3876],{"class":135},[45,120036,161],{"class":59},[45,120038,120039,120041,120043,120045,120048,120050,120052,120054],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,120040,153],{"class":152},[45,120042,156],{"class":59},[45,120044,64],{"class":63},[45,120046,120047],{"class":67},"numbers after sorted():",[45,120049,64],{"class":63},[45,120051,84],{"class":59},[45,120053,4488],{"class":135},[45,120055,161],{"class":59},[45,120057,120058,120060,120062,120064,120067,120069,120071,120073],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,120059,153],{"class":152},[45,120061,156],{"class":59},[45,120063,64],{"class":63},[45,120065,120066],{"class":67},"a:",[45,120068,64],{"class":63},[45,120070,84],{"class":59},[45,120072,56892],{"class":135},[45,120074,161],{"class":59},[45,120076,120077],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,120078,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120080,120081,120083,120085,120087],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,120082,3876],{"class":51},[45,120084,132],{"class":59},[45,120086,34792],{"class":135},[45,120088,139],{"class":59},[45,120090,120091,120093,120095,120097,120100,120102,120104,120106],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,120092,153],{"class":152},[45,120094,156],{"class":59},[45,120096,64],{"class":63},[45,120098,120099],{"class":67},"numbers after sort():",[45,120101,64],{"class":63},[45,120103,84],{"class":59},[45,120105,4488],{"class":135},[45,120107,161],{"class":59},[20,120109,120110],{},[355,120111,182],{},[36,120113,120115],{"className":38,"code":120114,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120116,120117,120140,120160],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120118,120119,120122,120124,120126,120128,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120120,120121],{"class":51},"numbers after ",[45,120123,74521],{"class":152},[45,120125,29740],{"class":59},[45,120127,1427],{"class":59},[45,120129,2366],{"class":96},[45,120131,84],{"class":59},[45,120133,1035],{"class":96},[45,120135,84],{"class":59},[45,120137,2687],{"class":96},[45,120139,244],{"class":59},[45,120141,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120143,277],{"class":51},[45,120145,73],{"class":59},[45,120147,1427],{"class":59},[45,120149,1133],{"class":96},[45,120151,84],{"class":59},[45,120153,2687],{"class":96},[45,120155,84],{"class":59},[45,120157,4828],{"class":96},[45,120159,244],{"class":59},[45,120161,120162,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178,120180],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120163,120121],{"class":51},[45,120165,34792],{"class":135},[45,120167,29740],{"class":59},[45,120169,1427],{"class":59},[45,120171,1133],{"class":96},[45,120173,84],{"class":59},[45,120175,2687],{"class":96},[45,120177,84],{"class":59},[45,120179,4828],{"class":96},[45,120181,244],{"class":59},[20,120183,10922],{},[258,120185,120186,120191],{},[261,120187,120188,120190],{},[15,120189,74431],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[261,120192,120193,120195],{},[15,120194,64318],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[31,120197,5185,120199],{"id":120198},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120200,74431],{},[20,120202,1006,120203,10811],{},[15,120204,74431],{},[258,120206,120207,120210,120212,120215],{},[261,120208,120209],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[261,120211,118979],{},[261,120213,120214],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[261,120216,120217],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1398,120219,120221],{"id":120220},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[36,120223,120225],{"className":38,"code":120224,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120226,120227,120251,120255,120269,120273,120283],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120228,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120230,3846],{"class":51},[45,120232,56],{"class":55},[45,120234,9453],{"class":59},[45,120236,2734],{"class":96},[45,120238,84],{"class":59},[45,120240,1049],{"class":96},[45,120242,84],{"class":59},[45,120244,1063],{"class":96},[45,120246,84],{"class":59},[45,120248,1035],{"class":96},[45,120250,161],{"class":59},[45,120252,120253],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120254,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120256,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120258,716],{"class":51},[45,120260,56],{"class":55},[45,120262,74565],{"class":152},[45,120264,156],{"class":59},[45,120266,3876],{"class":135},[45,120268,161],{"class":59},[45,120270,120271],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,120272,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120274,120275,120277,120279,120281],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,120276,153],{"class":152},[45,120278,156],{"class":59},[45,120280,740],{"class":135},[45,120282,161],{"class":59},[45,120284,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,120286,153],{"class":152},[45,120288,156],{"class":59},[45,120290,1478],{"class":171},[45,120292,156],{"class":59},[45,120294,740],{"class":135},[45,120296,179],{"class":59},[20,120298,120299],{},[355,120300,182],{},[36,120302,120304],{"className":38,"code":120303,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120305,120306,120326],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120307,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120309,223],{"class":59},[45,120311,1430],{"class":96},[45,120313,84],{"class":59},[45,120315,1035],{"class":96},[45,120317,84],{"class":59},[45,120319,1063],{"class":96},[45,120321,84],{"class":59},[45,120323,2687],{"class":96},[45,120325,244],{"class":59},[45,120327,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120329,1594],{"class":55},[45,120331,1598],{"class":1597},[45,120333,211],{"class":63},[45,120335,172],{"class":67},[45,120337,198],{"class":63},[45,120339,1607],{"class":55},[20,120341,2515,120342,120344,120345,132],{},[15,120343,74431],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[355,120346,172],{},[20,120348,120349,120350,120352],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[277,120351,52775],{"href":50982}," is a helpful next step.",[31,120354,5185,120356],{"id":120355},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120357,77874],{},[20,120359,1006,120360,10811],{},[15,120361,77874],{},[258,120363,120364,120367,120370,120373],{},[261,120365,120366],{},"you already have a list",[261,120368,120369],{},"you want to update that list directly",[261,120371,120372],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[261,120374,120375],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1398,120377,120379],{"id":120378},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[36,120381,120383],{"className":38,"code":120382,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120384,120385,120417,120421,120431,120435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120388,5219],{"class":51},[45,120390,56],{"class":55},[45,120392,1427],{"class":59},[45,120394,64],{"class":63},[45,120396,5246],{"class":67},[45,120398,64],{"class":63},[45,120400,84],{"class":59},[45,120402,76],{"class":63},[45,120404,5228],{"class":67},[45,120406,64],{"class":63},[45,120408,84],{"class":59},[45,120410,76],{"class":63},[45,120412,5237],{"class":67},[45,120414,64],{"class":63},[45,120416,244],{"class":59},[45,120418,120419],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120420,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120422,120423,120425,120427,120429],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120424,5263],{"class":51},[45,120426,132],{"class":59},[45,120428,34792],{"class":135},[45,120430,139],{"class":59},[45,120432,120433],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,120434,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120436,120437,120439,120441,120443],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,120438,153],{"class":152},[45,120440,156],{"class":59},[45,120442,5263],{"class":135},[45,120444,161],{"class":59},[20,120446,120447],{},[355,120448,182],{},[36,120450,120452],{"className":38,"code":120451,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120453,120454],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120455,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474,120476,120478,120480],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120457,223],{"class":59},[45,120459,198],{"class":63},[45,120461,5228],{"class":67},[45,120463,198],{"class":63},[45,120465,84],{"class":59},[45,120467,211],{"class":63},[45,120469,5237],{"class":67},[45,120471,198],{"class":63},[45,120473,84],{"class":59},[45,120475,211],{"class":63},[45,120477,5246],{"class":67},[45,120479,198],{"class":63},[45,120481,244],{"class":59},[20,120483,120484],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120486,120487,120488,132],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[277,120489,79880],{"href":78383},[31,120491,120493,329,120495,120497],{"id":120492},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120494,73584],{},[15,120496,15034],{}," work with both",[20,120499,10800,120500,329,120502,120504],{},[15,120501,74431],{},[15,120503,77874],{}," support:",[258,120506,120507,120512],{},[261,120508,120509,120511],{},[15,120510,78098],{}," for descending order",[261,120513,120514,120517],{},[15,120515,120516],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120519,120520],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1398,120522,120524],{"id":120523},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[36,120526,120528],{"className":38,"code":120527,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120529,120530,120550,120554,120576,120580,120598],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120531,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120533,3846],{"class":51},[45,120535,56],{"class":55},[45,120537,1427],{"class":59},[45,120539,2294],{"class":96},[45,120541,84],{"class":59},[45,120543,1049],{"class":96},[45,120545,84],{"class":59},[45,120547,1035],{"class":96},[45,120549,244],{"class":59},[45,120551,120552],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120553,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120555,120556,120558,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120557,153],{"class":152},[45,120559,156],{"class":59},[45,120561,74521],{"class":152},[45,120563,156],{"class":59},[45,120565,3876],{"class":135},[45,120567,84],{"class":59},[45,120569,78077],{"class":9393},[45,120571,56],{"class":55},[45,120573,3831],{"class":4080},[45,120575,179],{"class":59},[45,120577,120578],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,120579,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120581,120582,120584,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,120583,3876],{"class":51},[45,120585,132],{"class":59},[45,120587,34792],{"class":135},[45,120589,156],{"class":59},[45,120591,73584],{"class":9393},[45,120593,56],{"class":55},[45,120595,3831],{"class":4080},[45,120597,161],{"class":59},[45,120599,120600,120602,120604,120606],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,120601,153],{"class":152},[45,120603,156],{"class":59},[45,120605,3876],{"class":135},[45,120607,161],{"class":59},[20,120609,120610],{},[355,120611,182],{},[36,120613,120615],{"className":38,"code":120614,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120616,120617,120633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120618,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120620,223],{"class":59},[45,120622,2294],{"class":96},[45,120624,84],{"class":59},[45,120626,1035],{"class":96},[45,120628,84],{"class":59},[45,120630,1049],{"class":96},[45,120632,244],{"class":59},[45,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120636,223],{"class":59},[45,120638,2294],{"class":96},[45,120640,84],{"class":59},[45,120642,1035],{"class":96},[45,120644,84],{"class":59},[45,120646,1049],{"class":96},[45,120648,244],{"class":59},[1398,120650,120652],{"id":120651},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[36,120654,120656],{"className":38,"code":120655,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120657,120658,120690,120694,120720,120724,120746],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120659,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120661,4296],{"class":51},[45,120663,56],{"class":55},[45,120665,1427],{"class":59},[45,120667,64],{"class":63},[45,120669,83370],{"class":67},[45,120671,64],{"class":63},[45,120673,84],{"class":59},[45,120675,76],{"class":63},[45,120677,1028],{"class":67},[45,120679,64],{"class":63},[45,120681,84],{"class":59},[45,120683,76],{"class":63},[45,120685,118844],{"class":67},[45,120687,64],{"class":63},[45,120689,244],{"class":59},[45,120691,120692],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120693,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120695,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716,120718],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120697,153],{"class":152},[45,120699,156],{"class":59},[45,120701,74521],{"class":152},[45,120703,156],{"class":59},[45,120705,4338],{"class":135},[45,120707,84],{"class":59},[45,120709,21758],{"class":9393},[45,120711,56],{"class":55},[45,120713,3669],{"class":171},[45,120715,132],{"class":59},[45,120717,8858],{"class":1863},[45,120719,179],{"class":59},[45,120721,120722],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,120723,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120725,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742,120744],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,120727,4338],{"class":51},[45,120729,132],{"class":59},[45,120731,34792],{"class":135},[45,120733,156],{"class":59},[45,120735,15034],{"class":9393},[45,120737,56],{"class":55},[45,120739,3669],{"class":171},[45,120741,132],{"class":59},[45,120743,8858],{"class":1863},[45,120745,161],{"class":59},[45,120747,120748,120750,120752,120754],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,120749,153],{"class":152},[45,120751,156],{"class":59},[45,120753,4338],{"class":135},[45,120755,161],{"class":59},[20,120757,120758],{},[355,120759,182],{},[36,120761,120763],{"className":38,"code":120762,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120764,120765,120793],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120766,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120768,223],{"class":59},[45,120770,198],{"class":63},[45,120772,1028],{"class":67},[45,120774,198],{"class":63},[45,120776,84],{"class":59},[45,120778,211],{"class":63},[45,120780,83370],{"class":67},[45,120782,198],{"class":63},[45,120784,84],{"class":59},[45,120786,211],{"class":63},[45,120788,118844],{"class":67},[45,120790,198],{"class":63},[45,120792,244],{"class":59},[45,120794,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120796,223],{"class":59},[45,120798,198],{"class":63},[45,120800,1028],{"class":67},[45,120802,198],{"class":63},[45,120804,84],{"class":59},[45,120806,211],{"class":63},[45,120808,83370],{"class":67},[45,120810,198],{"class":63},[45,120812,84],{"class":59},[45,120814,211],{"class":63},[45,120816,118844],{"class":67},[45,120818,198],{"class":63},[45,120820,244],{"class":59},[20,120822,1797,120823,120825],{},[15,120824,78592],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120827,120828,120829,132],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[277,120830,120832],{"href":120831},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[31,120834,120836],{"id":120835},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120838,120839],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1398,120841,120843,120844,12799],{"id":120842},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120845,77874],{},[20,120847,120848],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[36,120850,120852],{"className":38,"code":120851,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120853,120854,120874,120878,120892,120896,120906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120855,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120857,3846],{"class":51},[45,120859,56],{"class":55},[45,120861,1427],{"class":59},[45,120863,2294],{"class":96},[45,120865,84],{"class":59},[45,120867,1049],{"class":96},[45,120869,84],{"class":59},[45,120871,1035],{"class":96},[45,120873,244],{"class":59},[45,120875,120876],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120877,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120879,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,120881,716],{"class":51},[45,120883,56],{"class":55},[45,120885,4488],{"class":51},[45,120887,132],{"class":59},[45,120889,34792],{"class":135},[45,120891,139],{"class":59},[45,120893,120894],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,120895,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,120897,120898,120900,120902,120904],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,120899,153],{"class":152},[45,120901,156],{"class":59},[45,120903,740],{"class":135},[45,120905,161],{"class":59},[45,120907,120908,120910,120912,120914],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,120909,153],{"class":152},[45,120911,156],{"class":59},[45,120913,3876],{"class":135},[45,120915,161],{"class":59},[20,120917,120918],{},[355,120919,182],{},[36,120921,120922],{"className":38,"code":79215,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,120923,120924,120928],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120925,120926],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120927,12009],{"class":4080},[45,120929,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938,120940,120942],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120931,223],{"class":59},[45,120933,1430],{"class":96},[45,120935,84],{"class":59},[45,120937,1035],{"class":96},[45,120939,84],{"class":59},[45,120941,1063],{"class":96},[45,120943,244],{"class":59},[20,120945,12101],{},[258,120947,120948,120953,120958],{},[261,120949,120950,120952],{},[15,120951,119955],{}," sorts the list in place",[261,120954,35008,120955,120957],{},[355,120956,4854],{}," return the sorted list",[261,120959,89994,120960,42154,120962],{},[15,120961,740],{},[15,120963,4006],{},[1398,120965,120967,120968,120970],{"id":120966},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120969,74431],{}," to change the original list",[36,120972,120974],{"className":38,"code":120973,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120975,120976,120996,121000,121010,121014],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,120977,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988,120990,120992,120994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,120979,3846],{"class":51},[45,120981,56],{"class":55},[45,120983,1427],{"class":59},[45,120985,2294],{"class":96},[45,120987,84],{"class":59},[45,120989,1049],{"class":96},[45,120991,84],{"class":59},[45,120993,1035],{"class":96},[45,120995,244],{"class":59},[45,120997,120998],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,120999,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121001,121002,121004,121006,121008],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121003,74521],{"class":152},[45,121005,156],{"class":59},[45,121007,3876],{"class":135},[45,121009,161],{"class":59},[45,121011,121012],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121013,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121015,121016,121018,121020,121022],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,121017,153],{"class":152},[45,121019,156],{"class":59},[45,121021,3876],{"class":135},[45,121023,161],{"class":59},[20,121025,121026],{},[355,121027,182],{},[36,121029,121030],{"className":38,"code":119176,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,121031,121032],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121033,121034,121036,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121035,223],{"class":59},[45,121037,2294],{"class":96},[45,121039,84],{"class":59},[45,121041,1049],{"class":96},[45,121043,84],{"class":59},[45,121045,1035],{"class":96},[45,121047,244],{"class":59},[20,121049,121050,121053],{},[15,121051,121052],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121055,11015],{},[36,121057,121059],{"className":38,"code":121058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121060,121061,121081,121085,121099,121103],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121062,121063,121065,121067,121069,121071,121073,121075,121077,121079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121064,3846],{"class":51},[45,121066,56],{"class":55},[45,121068,1427],{"class":59},[45,121070,2294],{"class":96},[45,121072,84],{"class":59},[45,121074,1049],{"class":96},[45,121076,84],{"class":59},[45,121078,1035],{"class":96},[45,121080,244],{"class":59},[45,121082,121083],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121084,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121086,121087,121089,121091,121093,121095,121097],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121088,55646],{"class":51},[45,121090,56],{"class":55},[45,121092,74565],{"class":152},[45,121094,156],{"class":59},[45,121096,3876],{"class":135},[45,121098,161],{"class":59},[45,121100,121101],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121102,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121104,121105,121107,121109,121111],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,121106,153],{"class":152},[45,121108,156],{"class":59},[45,121110,55665],{"class":135},[45,121112,161],{"class":59},[1398,121114,121116,121117,121119],{"id":121115},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121118,64318],{}," on a tuple or string",[36,121121,121122],{"className":38,"code":79317,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,121123,121124,121136],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121125,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121127,34680],{"class":51},[45,121129,56],{"class":55},[45,121131,76],{"class":63},[45,121133,40],{"class":67},[45,121135,468],{"class":63},[45,121137,121138,121140,121142,121144],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121139,34701],{"class":51},[45,121141,132],{"class":59},[45,121143,34792],{"class":135},[45,121145,139],{"class":59},[20,121147,121148,121149,1461],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121150,64318],{},[20,121152,121153,121155],{},[15,121154,64318],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121157,121158,121159,121161,121162,132],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121160,74431],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[277,121163,5359],{"href":5807},[1398,121165,121167,121168,119213],{"id":121166},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121169,74431],{},[36,121171,121173],{"className":38,"code":121172,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121174,121175,121188,121202,121206,121216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121176,121177,121179,121181,121183,121186],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121178,34680],{"class":51},[45,121180,56],{"class":55},[45,121182,76],{"class":63},[45,121184,121185],{"class":67},"cab",[45,121187,468],{"class":63},[45,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121191,716],{"class":51},[45,121193,56],{"class":55},[45,121195,74565],{"class":152},[45,121197,156],{"class":59},[45,121199,34701],{"class":135},[45,121201,161],{"class":59},[45,121203,121204],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121205,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121207,121208,121210,121212,121214],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121209,153],{"class":152},[45,121211,156],{"class":59},[45,121213,740],{"class":135},[45,121215,161],{"class":59},[45,121217,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,121219,153],{"class":152},[45,121221,156],{"class":59},[45,121223,1478],{"class":171},[45,121225,156],{"class":59},[45,121227,740],{"class":135},[45,121229,179],{"class":59},[20,121231,121232],{},[355,121233,182],{},[36,121235,121237],{"className":38,"code":121236,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121238,121239,121267],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121240,121241,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121242,223],{"class":59},[45,121244,198],{"class":63},[45,121246,277],{"class":67},[45,121248,198],{"class":63},[45,121250,84],{"class":59},[45,121252,211],{"class":63},[45,121254,1930],{"class":67},[45,121256,198],{"class":63},[45,121258,84],{"class":59},[45,121260,211],{"class":63},[45,121262,9951],{"class":67},[45,121264,198],{"class":63},[45,121266,244],{"class":59},[45,121268,121269,121271,121273,121275,121277,121279],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121270,1594],{"class":55},[45,121272,1598],{"class":1597},[45,121274,211],{"class":63},[45,121276,172],{"class":67},[45,121278,198],{"class":63},[45,121280,1607],{"class":55},[20,121282,121283],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[31,121285,113734],{"id":113733},[20,121287,121288],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[258,121290,121291,121294,121299,121304,121310],{},[261,121292,121293],{},"confusing a function with a method",[261,121295,121296,121297,53648],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121298,64318],{},[261,121300,121301,121302,12799],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121303,77874],{},[261,121305,121306,121307,121309],{},"trying to use ",[15,121308,64318],{}," on non-list data types",[261,121311,50508,121312,121314],{},[15,121313,74431],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121316,121317],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[36,121319,121321],{"className":38,"code":121320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121322,121323,121333,121347,121372,121387,121397],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121324,121325,121327,121329,121331],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121326,153],{"class":152},[45,121328,156],{"class":59},[45,121330,1449],{"class":135},[45,121332,161],{"class":59},[45,121334,121335,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121336,153],{"class":152},[45,121338,156],{"class":59},[45,121340,74521],{"class":152},[45,121342,156],{"class":59},[45,121344,1449],{"class":135},[45,121346,179],{"class":59},[45,121348,121349,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361,121364,121366,121368,121370],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121350,716],{"class":51},[45,121352,56],{"class":55},[45,121354,8613],{"class":51},[45,121356,132],{"class":59},[45,121358,34792],{"class":135},[45,121360,7587],{"class":59},[45,121362,121363],{"class":51},"; ",[45,121365,153],{"class":152},[45,121367,156],{"class":59},[45,121369,740],{"class":135},[45,121371,161],{"class":59},[45,121373,121374,121376,121378,121380,121382,121385],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121375,153],{"class":152},[45,121377,156],{"class":59},[45,121379,1478],{"class":171},[45,121381,156],{"class":59},[45,121383,121384],{"class":135},"my_data",[45,121386,179],{"class":59},[45,121388,121389,121391,121393,121395],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,121390,32306],{"class":152},[45,121392,156],{"class":59},[45,121394,74521],{"class":152},[45,121396,161],{"class":59},[45,121398,121399,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,121400,32306],{"class":152},[45,121402,156],{"class":59},[45,121404,172],{"class":171},[45,121406,132],{"class":59},[45,121408,34792],{"class":1863},[45,121410,161],{"class":59},[20,121412,84380],{},[258,121414,121415,121418,121422,121430],{},[261,121416,121417],{},"whether your original list changed",[261,121419,26177,121420,342],{},[15,121421,74431],{},[261,121423,121424,121425,121427,121428],{},"whether ",[15,121426,64318],{}," returned ",[15,121429,4006],{},[261,121431,121432],{},"what type of object you are working with",[31,121434,121436],{"id":121435},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121438,121439],{},"Use this rule:",[258,121441,121442,121450],{},[261,121443,121444,121445,121447,121448],{},"Need a ",[355,121446,119538],{},": use ",[15,121449,74431],{},[261,121451,121452,121453,121447,121456],{},"Need to ",[355,121454,121455],{},"change one list directly",[15,121457,77874],{},[20,121459,121460,121461,121463],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121462,74431],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[31,121465,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,121467,121469,121470,995,121472,2079],{"id":121468},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121471,74431],{},[15,121473,77874],{},[20,121475,121476,121478],{},[15,121477,74431],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1398,121480,5378,121482,5381,121484,2079],{"id":121481},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121483,77874],{},[15,121485,4006],{},[20,121487,121488],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1398,121490,5390,121492,121494],{"id":121491},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121493,74431],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121496,121497],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1398,121499,28485,121501,121503],{"id":121500},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121502,64318],{}," on a string?",[20,121505,46366,121506,121508,121509,39927],{},[15,121507,64318],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121510,121511],{},"sorted(string)",[1398,121513,12020,121515,329,121517,121519],{"id":121514},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121516,74431],{},[15,121518,64318],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121521,121522,121523,132],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121524,78098],{},[31,121526,2114],{"id":2113},[258,121528,121529,121535,121541,121545,121549],{},[261,121530,121531],{},[277,121532,3802,121533,3735],{"href":74528},[15,121534,74431],{},[261,121536,121537],{},[277,121538,3802,121539,994],{"href":74782},[15,121540,77874],{},[261,121542,121543],{},[277,121544,79880],{"href":78383},[261,121546,121547],{},[277,121548,120832],{"href":120831},[261,121550,121551],{},[277,121552,52775],{"href":50982},[2154,121554,121555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":121557},[121558,121559,121560,121564,121568,121571,121575,121579,121584,121594,121595,121596,121608],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":119626,"depth":121,"text":119627},{"id":117729,"depth":121,"text":119451,"children":121561},[121562],{"id":119693,"depth":142,"text":121563},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77940,"depth":121,"text":79902,"children":121565},[121566],{"id":119870,"depth":142,"text":121567},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119966,"depth":121,"text":119967,"children":121569},[121570],{"id":119992,"depth":142,"text":119993},{"id":120198,"depth":121,"text":121572,"children":121573},"When to use sorted()",[121574],{"id":120220,"depth":142,"text":120221},{"id":120355,"depth":121,"text":121576,"children":121577},"When to use list.sort()",[121578],{"id":120378,"depth":142,"text":120379},{"id":120492,"depth":121,"text":121580,"children":121581},"reverse and key work with both",[121582,121583],{"id":120523,"depth":142,"text":120524},{"id":120651,"depth":142,"text":120652},{"id":120835,"depth":121,"text":120836,"children":121585},[121586,121588,121590,121592],{"id":120842,"depth":142,"text":121587},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120966,"depth":142,"text":121589},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121115,"depth":142,"text":121591},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121166,"depth":142,"text":121593},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113733,"depth":121,"text":113734},{"id":121435,"depth":121,"text":121436},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":121597},[121598,121600,121602,121604,121606],{"id":121468,"depth":142,"text":121599},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121481,"depth":142,"text":121601},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121491,"depth":142,"text":121603},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121500,"depth":142,"text":121605},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121514,"depth":142,"text":121607},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119497,"description":121609},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121615,"title":42175,"body":121616,"description":123348,"extension":2195,"meta":123349,"navigation":145,"path":123350,"seo":123351,"stem":123352,"__hash__":123353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121617,"toc":123305},[121618,121623,121628,121634,121636,121691,121695,121718,121723,121728,121733,121735,121766,121769,121783,121785,121787,121802,121807,121811,121814,121865,121869,121883,121890,121894,121898,121953,121957,121980,121984,122040,122044,122067,122071,122126,122130,122153,122157,122224,122228,122263,122269,122274,122279,122281,122295,122297,122371,122375,122395,122400,122407,122410,122422,122424,122493,122497,122534,122537,122562,122569,122578,122581,122593,122599,122605,122607,122613,122618,122697,122701,122742,122746,122748,122775,122778,122801,122804,122810,122813,122850,122862,122869,122871,122922,122925,122957,122960,122962,122969,122971,122986,122988,123045,123049,123073,123075,123080,123096,123103,123107,123110,123193,123203,123205,123210,123213,123219,123222,123228,123231,123237,123240,123247,123255,123257,123302],[10,121619,3802,121621,3806],{"id":121620},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121622,47685],{},[20,121624,22,121625,121627],{},[15,121626,47685],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121629,121630,121631,121633],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121632,47685],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[31,121635,34],{"id":33},[36,121637,121639],{"className":38,"code":121638,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121640,121641,121649,121663,121667,121677],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121642,121643,121645,121647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121644,21805],{"class":51},[45,121646,56],{"class":55},[45,121648,45226],{"class":96},[45,121650,121651,121653,121655,121657,121659,121661],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121652,34680],{"class":51},[45,121654,56],{"class":55},[45,121656,48906],{"class":171},[45,121658,156],{"class":59},[45,121660,89],{"class":135},[45,121662,161],{"class":59},[45,121664,121665],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121666,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121668,121669,121671,121673,121675],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121670,153],{"class":152},[45,121672,156],{"class":59},[45,121674,34701],{"class":135},[45,121676,161],{"class":59},[45,121678,121679,121681,121683,121685,121687,121689],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,121680,153],{"class":152},[45,121682,156],{"class":59},[45,121684,1478],{"class":171},[45,121686,156],{"class":59},[45,121688,34701],{"class":135},[45,121690,179],{"class":59},[20,121692,121693],{},[355,121694,182],{},[36,121696,121698],{"className":38,"code":121697,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121699,121700,121704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121701,121702],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121703,2939],{"class":96},[45,121705,121706,121708,121710,121712,121714,121716],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121707,1594],{"class":55},[45,121709,1598],{"class":1597},[45,121711,211],{"class":63},[45,121713,3669],{"class":67},[45,121715,198],{"class":63},[45,121717,1607],{"class":55},[20,121719,1006,121720,121722],{},[15,121721,47685],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[31,121724,253,121726,256],{"id":121725},"what-str-does",[15,121727,47685],{},[20,121729,121730,121732],{},[15,121731,47685],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121734,2338],{},[258,121736,121737,121744,121751,121758],{},[261,121738,121739,121740,42154,121742],{},"An integer like ",[15,121741,2560],{},[15,121743,42125],{},[261,121745,121746,121747,42154,121749],{},"A float like ",[15,121748,40141],{},[15,121750,48096],{},[261,121752,121753,121754,42154,121756],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121755,3831],{},[15,121757,6862],{},[261,121759,121760,121761,42154,121763],{},"A list like ",[15,121762,75253],{},[15,121764,121765],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121767,121768],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[258,121770,121771,121774,121777,121780],{},[261,121772,121773],{},"print it",[261,121775,121776],{},"combine it with other strings",[261,121778,121779],{},"save it to a file",[261,121781,121782],{},"use it in messages",[31,121784,284],{"id":283},[20,121786,7439],{},[36,121788,121790],{"className":38,"code":121789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"str(object)\n",[15,121791,121792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121793,121794,121796,121798,121800],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121795,3669],{"class":171},[45,121797,156],{"class":59},[45,121799,42398],{"class":171},[45,121801,161],{"class":59},[20,121803,20949,121804,121806],{},[15,121805,42398],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121808,121809,8444],{},[15,121810,47685],{},[20,121812,121813],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[36,121815,121817],{"className":38,"code":121816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121818,121819,121828,121851,121855],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121820,121821,121823,121825],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121822,5319],{"class":51},[45,121824,56],{"class":55},[45,121826,121827],{"class":96}," 100\n",[45,121829,121830,121832,121834,121836,121839,121841,121843,121845,121847,121849],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121831,90014],{"class":51},[45,121833,56],{"class":55},[45,121835,76],{"class":63},[45,121837,121838],{"class":67},"Your score is ",[45,121840,64],{"class":63},[45,121842,2684],{"class":55},[45,121844,48906],{"class":171},[45,121846,156],{"class":59},[45,121848,85527],{"class":135},[45,121850,161],{"class":59},[45,121852,121853],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121854,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121856,121857,121859,121861,121863],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121858,153],{"class":152},[45,121860,156],{"class":59},[45,121862,90031],{"class":135},[45,121864,161],{"class":59},[20,121866,121867],{},[355,121868,182],{},[36,121870,121872],{"className":38,"code":121871,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121873,121874],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121875,121876,121879,121881],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121877,121878],{"class":51},"Your score ",[45,121880,12395],{"class":55},[45,121882,121827],{"class":96},[20,121884,2525,121885,121889],{},[277,121886,121887,2532],{"href":2528},[15,121888,2531],{}," can help you check.",[31,121891,121893],{"id":121892},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1398,121895,121897],{"id":121896},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[36,121899,121901],{"className":38,"code":121900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121902,121903,121911,121925,121929,121939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121904,121905,121907,121909],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121906,2447],{"class":51},[45,121908,56],{"class":55},[45,121910,2817],{"class":96},[45,121912,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121914,34680],{"class":51},[45,121916,56],{"class":55},[45,121918,48906],{"class":171},[45,121920,156],{"class":59},[45,121922,2469],{"class":135},[45,121924,161],{"class":59},[45,121926,121927],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,121928,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,121930,121931,121933,121935,121937],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,121932,153],{"class":152},[45,121934,156],{"class":59},[45,121936,34701],{"class":135},[45,121938,161],{"class":59},[45,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,121942,153],{"class":152},[45,121944,156],{"class":59},[45,121946,1478],{"class":171},[45,121948,156],{"class":59},[45,121950,34701],{"class":135},[45,121952,179],{"class":59},[20,121954,121955],{},[355,121956,182],{},[36,121958,121960],{"className":38,"code":121959,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121961,121962,121966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121963,121964],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121965,2606],{"class":96},[45,121967,121968,121970,121972,121974,121976,121978],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,121969,1594],{"class":55},[45,121971,1598],{"class":1597},[45,121973,211],{"class":63},[45,121975,3669],{"class":67},[45,121977,198],{"class":63},[45,121979,1607],{"class":55},[1398,121981,121983],{"id":121982},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[36,121985,121987],{"className":38,"code":121986,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121988,121989,121998,122012,122016,122026],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,121990,121991,121993,121995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,121992,40385],{"class":51},[45,121994,56],{"class":55},[45,121996,121997],{"class":96}," 3.14\n",[45,121999,122000,122002,122004,122006,122008,122010],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122001,34680],{"class":51},[45,122003,56],{"class":55},[45,122005,48906],{"class":171},[45,122007,156],{"class":59},[45,122009,25311],{"class":135},[45,122011,161],{"class":59},[45,122013,122014],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122015,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122017,122018,122020,122022,122024],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122019,153],{"class":152},[45,122021,156],{"class":59},[45,122023,34701],{"class":135},[45,122025,161],{"class":59},[45,122027,122028,122030,122032,122034,122036,122038],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,122029,153],{"class":152},[45,122031,156],{"class":59},[45,122033,1478],{"class":171},[45,122035,156],{"class":59},[45,122037,34701],{"class":135},[45,122039,179],{"class":59},[20,122041,122042],{},[355,122043,182],{},[36,122045,122047],{"className":38,"code":122046,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122048,122049,122053],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122050,122051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122052,40175],{"class":96},[45,122054,122055,122057,122059,122061,122063,122065],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122056,1594],{"class":55},[45,122058,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122060,211],{"class":63},[45,122062,3669],{"class":67},[45,122064,198],{"class":63},[45,122066,1607],{"class":55},[1398,122068,122070],{"id":122069},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[36,122072,122074],{"className":38,"code":122073,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122075,122076,122084,122098,122102,122112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122077,122078,122080,122082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122079,2677],{"class":51},[45,122081,56],{"class":55},[45,122083,6643],{"class":4080},[45,122085,122086,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122087,34680],{"class":51},[45,122089,56],{"class":55},[45,122091,48906],{"class":171},[45,122093,156],{"class":59},[45,122095,947],{"class":135},[45,122097,161],{"class":59},[45,122099,122100],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122101,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122105,153],{"class":152},[45,122107,156],{"class":59},[45,122109,34701],{"class":135},[45,122111,161],{"class":59},[45,122113,122114,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,122115,153],{"class":152},[45,122117,156],{"class":59},[45,122119,1478],{"class":171},[45,122121,156],{"class":59},[45,122123,34701],{"class":135},[45,122125,179],{"class":59},[20,122127,122128],{},[355,122129,182],{},[36,122131,122133],{"className":38,"code":122132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122134,122135,122139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122136,122137],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122138,4205],{"class":4080},[45,122140,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149,122151],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122142,1594],{"class":55},[45,122144,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122146,211],{"class":63},[45,122148,3669],{"class":67},[45,122150,198],{"class":63},[45,122152,1607],{"class":55},[1398,122154,122156],{"id":122155},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[36,122158,122160],{"className":38,"code":122159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122161,122162,122182,122196,122200,122210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122163,122164,122166,122168,122170,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122165,8001],{"class":51},[45,122167,56],{"class":55},[45,122169,1427],{"class":59},[45,122171,1430],{"class":96},[45,122173,84],{"class":59},[45,122175,1035],{"class":96},[45,122177,84],{"class":59},[45,122179,1063],{"class":96},[45,122181,244],{"class":59},[45,122183,122184,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122185,34680],{"class":51},[45,122187,56],{"class":55},[45,122189,48906],{"class":171},[45,122191,156],{"class":59},[45,122193,1289],{"class":135},[45,122195,161],{"class":59},[45,122197,122198],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122199,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122201,122202,122204,122206,122208],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122203,153],{"class":152},[45,122205,156],{"class":59},[45,122207,34701],{"class":135},[45,122209,161],{"class":59},[45,122211,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,122213,153],{"class":152},[45,122215,156],{"class":59},[45,122217,1478],{"class":171},[45,122219,156],{"class":59},[45,122221,34701],{"class":135},[45,122223,179],{"class":59},[20,122225,122226],{},[355,122227,182],{},[36,122229,122231],{"className":38,"code":122230,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122232,122233,122249],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122234,122235,122237,122239,122241,122243,122245,122247],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122236,223],{"class":59},[45,122238,1430],{"class":96},[45,122240,84],{"class":59},[45,122242,1035],{"class":96},[45,122244,84],{"class":59},[45,122246,1063],{"class":96},[45,122248,244],{"class":59},[45,122250,122251,122253,122255,122257,122259,122261],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122252,1594],{"class":55},[45,122254,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122256,211],{"class":63},[45,122258,3669],{"class":67},[45,122260,198],{"class":63},[45,122262,1607],{"class":55},[20,122264,122265,122266,122268],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[355,122267,4854],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[31,122270,5185,122272],{"id":122271},"when-to-use-str",[15,122273,47685],{},[20,122275,1006,122276,122278],{},[15,122277,47685],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122280,36421],{},[258,122282,122283,122286,122289,122292],{},[261,122284,122285],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[261,122287,122288],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[261,122290,122291],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[261,122293,122294],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122296,361],{},[36,122298,122300],{"className":38,"code":122299,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122301,122302,122314,122322,122326,122361],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122303,122304,122306,122308,122310,122312],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122305,8097],{"class":51},[45,122307,56],{"class":55},[45,122309,76],{"class":63},[45,122311,11711],{"class":67},[45,122313,468],{"class":63},[45,122315,122316,122318,122320],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122317,21805],{"class":51},[45,122319,56],{"class":55},[45,122321,45226],{"class":96},[45,122323,122324],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122325,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122327,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346,122348,122350,122352,122354,122356,122359],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122329,90014],{"class":51},[45,122331,56],{"class":55},[45,122333,35963],{"class":51},[45,122335,2291],{"class":55},[45,122337,76],{"class":63},[45,122339,5007],{"class":67},[45,122341,64],{"class":63},[45,122343,2684],{"class":55},[45,122345,48906],{"class":171},[45,122347,156],{"class":59},[45,122349,89],{"class":135},[45,122351,3889],{"class":59},[45,122353,2684],{"class":55},[45,122355,76],{"class":63},[45,122357,122358],{"class":67}," years old.",[45,122360,468],{"class":63},[45,122362,122363,122365,122367,122369],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,122364,153],{"class":152},[45,122366,156],{"class":59},[45,122368,90031],{"class":135},[45,122370,161],{"class":59},[20,122372,122373],{},[355,122374,182],{},[36,122376,122378],{"className":38,"code":122377,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122379,122380],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122381,122382,122385,122387,122389,122392],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122383,122384],{"class":51},"Maya ",[45,122386,12395],{"class":55},[45,122388,403],{"class":96},[45,122390,122391],{"class":51}," years old",[45,122393,122394],{"class":59},".\n",[20,122396,122397,122398,132],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[277,122399,89700],{"href":89699},[31,122401,122403,1174,122405],{"id":122402},"str-vs-print",[15,122404,47685],{},[15,122406,46453],{},[20,122408,122409],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[258,122411,122412,122417],{},[261,122413,122414,122416],{},[15,122415,47685],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[261,122418,122419,122421],{},[15,122420,46453],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122423,361],{},[36,122425,122427],{"className":38,"code":122426,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122428,122429,122437,122441,122455,122465,122479],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122430,122431,122433,122435],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122432,2677],{"class":51},[45,122434,56],{"class":55},[45,122436,2999],{"class":96},[45,122438,122439],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122440,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122442,122443,122445,122447,122449,122451,122453],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122444,34680],{"class":51},[45,122446,56],{"class":55},[45,122448,48906],{"class":171},[45,122450,156],{"class":59},[45,122452,947],{"class":135},[45,122454,161],{"class":59},[45,122456,122457,122459,122461,122463],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122458,153],{"class":152},[45,122460,156],{"class":59},[45,122462,34701],{"class":135},[45,122464,161],{"class":59},[45,122466,122467,122469,122471,122473,122475,122477],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,122468,153],{"class":152},[45,122470,156],{"class":59},[45,122472,1478],{"class":171},[45,122474,156],{"class":59},[45,122476,34701],{"class":135},[45,122478,179],{"class":59},[45,122480,122481,122483,122485,122487,122489,122491],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,122482,153],{"class":152},[45,122484,156],{"class":59},[45,122486,1478],{"class":171},[45,122488,156],{"class":59},[45,122490,947],{"class":135},[45,122492,179],{"class":59},[20,122494,122495],{},[355,122496,182],{},[36,122498,122500],{"className":38,"code":122499,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122501,122502,122506,122520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122503,122504],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122505,46613],{"class":96},[45,122507,122508,122510,122512,122514,122516,122518],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122509,1594],{"class":55},[45,122511,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122513,211],{"class":63},[45,122515,3669],{"class":67},[45,122517,198],{"class":63},[45,122519,1607],{"class":55},[45,122521,122522,122524,122526,122528,122530,122532],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122523,1594],{"class":55},[45,122525,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122527,211],{"class":63},[45,122529,2418],{"class":67},[45,122531,198],{"class":63},[45,122533,1607],{"class":55},[20,122535,122536],{},"Notice:",[258,122538,122539,122545,122550],{},[261,122540,122541,122544],{},[15,122542,122543],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[261,122546,122547,122549],{},[15,122548,46453],{}," only displayed values",[261,122551,122552,122554,122555,122557,122558,61307,122560],{},[15,122553,46453],{}," did not change ",[15,122556,947],{}," from ",[15,122559,2418],{},[15,122561,3669],{},[20,122563,122564,122565,132],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[277,122566,122567,2532],{"href":46450},[15,122568,46453],{},[31,122570,122572,1174,122574,122577],{"id":122571},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122573,47685],{},[15,122575,122576],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122579,122580],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[258,122582,122583,122588],{},[261,122584,122585,122587],{},[15,122586,47685],{}," is the more readable text version",[261,122589,122590,122592],{},[15,122591,122576],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122594,122595,122596,122598],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122597,47685],{}," much more often.",[20,122600,122601,122602,122604],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122603,47685],{}," is usually the right choice.",[31,122606,1391],{"id":1390},[1398,122608,25932,122610,122612],{"id":122609},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122611,47685],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122614,122615,122617],{},[15,122616,47685],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[36,122619,122621],{"className":38,"code":122620,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122622,122623,122631,122645,122649,122659,122673,122683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122624,122625,122627,122629],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122626,21805],{"class":51},[45,122628,56],{"class":55},[45,122630,45226],{"class":96},[45,122632,122633,122635,122637,122639,122641,122643],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122634,34680],{"class":51},[45,122636,56],{"class":55},[45,122638,48906],{"class":171},[45,122640,156],{"class":59},[45,122642,89],{"class":135},[45,122644,161],{"class":59},[45,122646,122647],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122648,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122650,122651,122653,122655,122657],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122652,153],{"class":152},[45,122654,156],{"class":59},[45,122656,89],{"class":135},[45,122658,161],{"class":59},[45,122660,122661,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,122662,153],{"class":152},[45,122664,156],{"class":59},[45,122666,1478],{"class":171},[45,122668,156],{"class":59},[45,122670,89],{"class":135},[45,122672,179],{"class":59},[45,122674,122675,122677,122679,122681],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,122676,153],{"class":152},[45,122678,156],{"class":59},[45,122680,34701],{"class":135},[45,122682,161],{"class":59},[45,122684,122685,122687,122689,122691,122693,122695],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,122686,153],{"class":152},[45,122688,156],{"class":59},[45,122690,1478],{"class":171},[45,122692,156],{"class":59},[45,122694,34701],{"class":135},[45,122696,179],{"class":59},[20,122698,122699],{},[355,122700,182],{},[36,122702,122704],{"className":38,"code":122703,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122705,122706,122710,122724,122728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122707,122708],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122709,2939],{"class":96},[45,122711,122712,122714,122716,122718,122720,122722],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122713,1594],{"class":55},[45,122715,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122717,211],{"class":63},[45,122719,2418],{"class":67},[45,122721,198],{"class":63},[45,122723,1607],{"class":55},[45,122725,122726],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122727,2939],{"class":96},[45,122729,122730,122732,122734,122736,122738,122740],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122731,1594],{"class":55},[45,122733,1598],{"class":1597},[45,122735,211],{"class":63},[45,122737,3669],{"class":67},[45,122739,198],{"class":63},[45,122741,1607],{"class":55},[1398,122743,122745],{"id":122744},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122747,6909],{},[36,122749,122751],{"className":38,"code":122750,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122752,122753,122761],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122754,122755,122757,122759],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122756,21805],{"class":51},[45,122758,56],{"class":55},[45,122760,45226],{"class":96},[45,122762,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771,122773],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122764,34680],{"class":51},[45,122766,56],{"class":55},[45,122768,48906],{"class":171},[45,122770,156],{"class":59},[45,122772,89],{"class":135},[45,122774,161],{"class":59},[20,122776,122777],{},"But if you only do this:",[36,122779,122781],{"className":38,"code":122780,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122782,122783,122791],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122784,122785,122787,122789],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122786,21805],{"class":51},[45,122788,56],{"class":55},[45,122790,45226],{"class":96},[45,122792,122793,122795,122797,122799],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122794,3669],{"class":171},[45,122796,156],{"class":59},[45,122798,89],{"class":135},[45,122800,161],{"class":59},[20,122802,122803],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1398,122805,1797,122807,122809],{"id":122806},"using-str-too-early",[15,122808,47685],{}," too early",[20,122811,122812],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[36,122814,122816],{"className":38,"code":122815,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122817,122818,122826,122841,122845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122819,122820,122822,122824],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122821,40385],{"class":51},[45,122823,56],{"class":55},[45,122825,2817],{"class":96},[45,122827,122828,122831,122833,122835,122837,122839],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122829,122830],{"class":51},"text_price ",[45,122832,56],{"class":55},[45,122834,48906],{"class":171},[45,122836,156],{"class":59},[45,122838,25311],{"class":135},[45,122840,161],{"class":59},[45,122842,122843],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,122844,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,122846,122847],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,122848,122849],{"class":1712},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122851,122852,122853,995,122857,122861],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[277,122854,122855],{"href":3106},[15,122856,3109],{},[277,122858,122859],{"href":3112},[15,122860,3115],{},", depending on the situation.",[1398,122863,8670,122865,122868],{"id":122864},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122866,122867],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122870,64650],{},[36,122872,122874],{"className":38,"code":122873,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122875,122876,122908],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122877,122878,122880,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122879,8001],{"class":51},[45,122881,56],{"class":55},[45,122883,1427],{"class":59},[45,122885,64],{"class":63},[45,122887,1028],{"class":67},[45,122889,64],{"class":63},[45,122891,84],{"class":59},[45,122893,76],{"class":63},[45,122895,1042],{"class":67},[45,122897,64],{"class":63},[45,122899,84],{"class":59},[45,122901,76],{"class":63},[45,122903,1056],{"class":67},[45,122905,64],{"class":63},[45,122907,244],{"class":59},[45,122909,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918,122920],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,122911,153],{"class":152},[45,122913,156],{"class":59},[45,122915,3669],{"class":171},[45,122917,156],{"class":59},[45,122919,1289],{"class":135},[45,122921,179],{"class":59},[20,122923,122924],{},"prints:",[36,122926,122927],{"className":38,"code":72843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,122928,122929],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122930,122931,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122932,223],{"class":59},[45,122934,198],{"class":63},[45,122936,1028],{"class":67},[45,122938,198],{"class":63},[45,122940,84],{"class":59},[45,122942,211],{"class":63},[45,122944,1042],{"class":67},[45,122946,198],{"class":63},[45,122948,84],{"class":59},[45,122950,211],{"class":63},[45,122952,1056],{"class":67},[45,122954,198],{"class":63},[45,122956,244],{"class":59},[20,122958,122959],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[31,122961,17601],{"id":17600},[20,122963,122964,347,122966,132],{},[15,122965,47685],{},[355,122967,122968],{},"new string",[20,122970,11663],{},[258,122972,122973,122976,122979],{},[261,122974,122975],{},"It always returns a string",[261,122977,122978],{},"It does not modify the original object",[261,122980,7984,122981,122985],{},[277,122982,122983],{"href":2528},[15,122984,2531],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122987,361],{},[36,122989,122991],{"className":38,"code":122990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122992,122993,123001,123016,123020,123031],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,122994,122995,122997,122999],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,122996,2677],{"class":51},[45,122998,56],{"class":55},[45,123000,14323],{"class":96},[45,123002,123003,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123004,123005],{"class":51},"converted ",[45,123007,56],{"class":55},[45,123009,48906],{"class":171},[45,123011,156],{"class":59},[45,123013,947],{"class":135},[45,123015,161],{"class":59},[45,123017,123018],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,123019,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,123021,123022,123024,123026,123029],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,123023,153],{"class":152},[45,123025,156],{"class":59},[45,123027,123028],{"class":135},"converted",[45,123030,161],{"class":59},[45,123032,123033,123035,123037,123039,123041,123043],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,123034,153],{"class":152},[45,123036,156],{"class":59},[45,123038,1478],{"class":171},[45,123040,156],{"class":59},[45,123042,123028],{"class":135},[45,123044,179],{"class":59},[20,123046,123047],{},[355,123048,182],{},[36,123050,123052],{"className":38,"code":123051,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123053,123054,123059],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123055,123056],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123057,123058],{"class":96},"99\n",[45,123060,123061,123063,123065,123067,123069,123071],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123062,1594],{"class":55},[45,123064,1598],{"class":1597},[45,123066,211],{"class":63},[45,123068,3669],{"class":67},[45,123070,198],{"class":63},[45,123072,1607],{"class":55},[31,123074,113734],{"id":113733},[20,123076,123077,123078,74822],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123079,47685],{},[258,123081,123082,123085,123088,123093],{},[261,123083,123084],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[261,123086,123087],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[261,123089,1797,123090,123092],{},[15,123091,47685],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[261,123094,123095],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123097,123098,123099,132],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[277,123100,1495,123101],{"href":90412},[15,123102,90413],{},[31,123104,123106],{"id":123105},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123108,123109],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[36,123111,123113],{"className":38,"code":123112,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123114,123115,123123,123127,123137,123151,123155,123169,123179],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123116,123117,123119,123121],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123118,2677],{"class":51},[45,123120,56],{"class":55},[45,123122,45226],{"class":96},[45,123124,123125],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123126,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,123128,123129,123131,123133,123135],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,123130,153],{"class":152},[45,123132,156],{"class":59},[45,123134,947],{"class":135},[45,123136,161],{"class":59},[45,123138,123139,123141,123143,123145,123147,123149],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,123140,153],{"class":152},[45,123142,156],{"class":59},[45,123144,1478],{"class":171},[45,123146,156],{"class":59},[45,123148,947],{"class":135},[45,123150,179],{"class":59},[45,123152,123153],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,123154,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,123156,123157,123159,123161,123163,123165,123167],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,123158,123005],{"class":51},[45,123160,56],{"class":55},[45,123162,48906],{"class":171},[45,123164,156],{"class":59},[45,123166,947],{"class":135},[45,123168,161],{"class":59},[45,123170,123171,123173,123175,123177],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,123172,153],{"class":152},[45,123174,156],{"class":59},[45,123176,123028],{"class":135},[45,123178,161],{"class":59},[45,123180,123181,123183,123185,123187,123189,123191],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,123182,153],{"class":152},[45,123184,156],{"class":59},[45,123186,1478],{"class":171},[45,123188,156],{"class":59},[45,123190,123028],{"class":135},[45,123192,179],{"class":59},[20,123194,123195,123196,2419,123198,123200,123201,132],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123197,2418],{},[15,123199,2422],{},", or another type into ",[15,123202,3669],{},[31,123204,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,123206,2049,123208,2052],{"id":123207},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123209,47685],{},[20,123211,123212],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1398,123214,2062,123216,123218],{"id":123215},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123217,47685],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123220,123221],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1398,123223,5390,123225,123227],{"id":123224},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123226,47685],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123229,123230],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1398,123232,94598,123234,123236],{"id":123233},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123235,47685],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123238,123239],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1398,123241,15096,123243,57210,123245,2079],{"id":123242},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123244,47685],{},[15,123246,46453],{},[20,123248,46366,123249,123251,123252,123254],{},[15,123250,47685],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123253,46453],{}," shows output.",[31,123256,2114],{"id":2113},[258,123258,123259,123265,123271,123277,123283,123292,123296],{},[261,123260,123261],{},[277,123262,123263,3735],{"href":46450},[15,123264,46453],{},[261,123266,123267],{},[277,123268,123269,3735],{"href":2528},[15,123270,2531],{},[261,123272,123273],{},[277,123274,123275,3735],{"href":3106},[15,123276,3109],{},[261,123278,123279],{},[277,123280,123281,3735],{"href":3112},[15,123282,3115],{},[261,123284,123285],{},[277,123286,123288,123289,123291],{"href":123287},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123290,2418],{}," to string in Python",[261,123293,123294],{},[277,123295,90690],{"href":89699},[261,123297,123298],{},[277,123299,2149,123300],{"href":90412},[15,123301,90413],{},[2154,123303,123304],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":123306},[123307,123308,123310,123311,123317,123319,123321,123323,123332,123333,123334,123335,123347],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":121725,"depth":121,"text":123309},"What str() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":121892,"depth":121,"text":121893,"children":123312},[123313,123314,123315,123316],{"id":121896,"depth":142,"text":121897},{"id":121982,"depth":142,"text":121983},{"id":122069,"depth":142,"text":122070},{"id":122155,"depth":142,"text":122156},{"id":122271,"depth":121,"text":123318},"When to use str()",{"id":122402,"depth":121,"text":123320},"str() vs print()",{"id":122571,"depth":121,"text":123322},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":123324},[123325,123327,123328,123330],{"id":122609,"depth":142,"text":123326},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122744,"depth":142,"text":122745},{"id":122806,"depth":142,"text":123329},"Using str() too early",{"id":122864,"depth":142,"text":123331},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":113733,"depth":121,"text":113734},{"id":123105,"depth":121,"text":123106},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":123336},[123337,123339,123341,123343,123345],{"id":123207,"depth":142,"text":123338},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123215,"depth":142,"text":123340},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123224,"depth":142,"text":123342},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123233,"depth":142,"text":123344},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123242,"depth":142,"text":123346},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42175,"description":123348},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123355,"title":123356,"body":123357,"description":124810,"extension":2195,"meta":124811,"navigation":145,"path":124812,"seo":124813,"stem":124814,"__hash__":124815},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123358,"toc":124772},[123359,123365,123371,123374,123396,123398,123460,123462,123475,123481,123486,123491,123493,123506,123517,123519,123546,123548,123565,123572,123583,123585,123590,123592,123604,123612,123621,123623,123626,123679,123681,123689,123697,123701,123706,123746,123748,123756,123759,123761,123801,123803,123811,123821,123827,123830,123903,123905,123918,123922,123927,123955,123958,123993,123995,124003,124006,124010,124014,124016,124032,124034,124074,124076,124084,124093,124136,124138,124146,124148,124152,124158,124161,124201,124203,124211,124216,124219,124262,124266,124269,124304,124309,124311,124350,124360,124368,124378,124386,124390,124395,124397,124438,124440,124448,124453,124456,124459,124477,124483,124487,124492,124495,124535,124537,124542,124641,124644,124660,124662,124681,124683,124690,124693,124699,124702,124708,124712,124718,124721,124727,124730,124732,124769],[10,123360,123362,123363,18],{"id":123361},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123364,57295],{},[20,123366,123367,123368,123370],{},"The Python string ",[15,123369,57295],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123372,123373],{},"This reference page explains:",[258,123375,123376,123380,123383,123385,123393],{},[261,123377,26177,123378,256],{},[15,123379,57295],{},[261,123381,123382],{},"its syntax",[261,123384,35388],{},[261,123386,123387,123388,329,123390,123392],{},"how ",[15,123389,36067],{},[15,123391,52664],{}," work",[261,123394,123395],{},"common beginner mistakes",[31,123397,34],{"id":33},[36,123399,123401],{"className":38,"code":123400,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123402,123403,123415,123437],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123404,123405,123407,123409,123411,123413],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123406,34680],{"class":51},[45,123408,56],{"class":55},[45,123410,76],{"class":63},[45,123412,1042],{"class":67},[45,123414,468],{"class":63},[45,123416,123417,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123418,153],{"class":152},[45,123420,156],{"class":59},[45,123422,34701],{"class":135},[45,123424,132],{"class":59},[45,123426,41258],{"class":135},[45,123428,156],{"class":59},[45,123430,64],{"class":63},[45,123432,277],{"class":67},[45,123434,64],{"class":63},[45,123436,179],{"class":59},[45,123438,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453,123456,123458],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,123440,153],{"class":152},[45,123442,156],{"class":59},[45,123444,34701],{"class":135},[45,123446,132],{"class":59},[45,123448,41258],{"class":135},[45,123450,156],{"class":59},[45,123452,64],{"class":63},[45,123454,123455],{"class":67},"na",[45,123457,64],{"class":63},[45,123459,179],{"class":59},[20,123461,182],{},[36,123463,123465],{"className":38,"code":123464,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"3\n2\n",[15,123466,123467,123471],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123468,123469],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123470,46618],{"class":96},[45,123472,123473],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123474,1148],{"class":96},[20,123476,1006,123477,123480],{},[15,123478,123479],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[31,123482,13195,123484,13198],{"id":123483},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123485,57295],{},[20,123487,123488,123490],{},[15,123489,57295],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123492,303],{},[258,123494,123495,123498,123501,123503],{},[261,123496,123497],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[261,123499,123500],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[261,123502,43658],{},[261,123504,123505],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123507,123508,123509,123511,123512,2419,123514,123516],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123510,18277],{}," characters are in ",[15,123513,65281],{},[15,123515,57295],{}," is a simple choice.",[31,123518,284],{"id":283},[36,123520,123522],{"className":38,"code":123521,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123523,123524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123525,123526,123528,123530,123532,123534,123536,123538,123540,123542,123544],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123527,61180],{"class":51},[45,123529,132],{"class":59},[45,123531,41258],{"class":135},[45,123533,156],{"class":59},[45,123535,947],{"class":135},[45,123537,84],{"class":59},[45,123539,36046],{"class":135},[45,123541,84],{"class":59},[45,123543,65047],{"class":135},[45,123545,161],{"class":59},[1398,123547,17577],{"id":17576},[258,123549,123550,123555,123560],{},[261,123551,123552,123554],{},[15,123553,947],{},": the text to search for",[261,123556,123557,123559],{},[15,123558,36067],{},": optional; where counting begins",[261,123561,123562,123564],{},[15,123563,52664],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123566,123567,329,123569,123571],{},[15,123568,36067],{},[15,123570,52664],{}," work like slice positions:",[258,123573,123574,123579],{},[261,123575,123576,123578],{},[15,123577,36067],{}," is included",[261,123580,123581,75748],{},[15,123582,52664],{},[31,123584,17601],{"id":17600},[20,123586,123587,123589],{},[15,123588,57295],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123591,1201],{},[258,123593,123594,123599],{},[261,123595,123596,123597],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123598,2294],{},[261,123600,123601,123602],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123603,1117],{},[20,123605,40904,123606,5381,123608,995,123610,132],{},[355,123607,4854],{},[15,123609,3831],{},[15,123611,3902],{},[20,123613,123614,123615,123620],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[277,123616,123618,101608],{"href":123617},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123619,927],{}," is often a better fit.",[31,123622,640],{"id":639},[20,123624,123625],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[36,123627,123629],{"className":38,"code":123628,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123630,123631,123643,123665,123669],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123634,34680],{"class":51},[45,123636,56],{"class":55},[45,123638,76],{"class":63},[45,123640,1028],{"class":67},[45,123642,468],{"class":63},[45,123644,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123646,716],{"class":51},[45,123648,56],{"class":55},[45,123650,42841],{"class":51},[45,123652,132],{"class":59},[45,123654,41258],{"class":135},[45,123656,156],{"class":59},[45,123658,64],{"class":63},[45,123660,20],{"class":67},[45,123662,64],{"class":63},[45,123664,161],{"class":59},[45,123666,123667],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,123668,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,123670,123671,123673,123675,123677],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,123672,153],{"class":152},[45,123674,156],{"class":59},[45,123676,740],{"class":135},[45,123678,161],{"class":59},[20,123680,182],{},[36,123682,123683],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,123684,123685],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123686,123687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123688,1148],{"class":96},[20,123690,63826,123691,123694,123695,132],{},[15,123692,123693],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123696,57838],{},[31,123698,123700],{"id":123699},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123702,123703,123705],{},[15,123704,57295],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[36,123707,123709],{"className":38,"code":123708,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123710,123711,123724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123712,123713,123715,123717,123719,123722],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123714,34680],{"class":51},[45,123716,56],{"class":55},[45,123718,76],{"class":63},[45,123720,123721],{"class":67},"cat dog cat bird cat",[45,123723,468],{"class":63},[45,123725,123726,123728,123730,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123727,153],{"class":152},[45,123729,156],{"class":59},[45,123731,34701],{"class":135},[45,123733,132],{"class":59},[45,123735,41258],{"class":135},[45,123737,156],{"class":59},[45,123739,64],{"class":63},[45,123741,37043],{"class":67},[45,123743,64],{"class":63},[45,123745,179],{"class":59},[20,123747,182],{},[36,123749,123750],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,123751,123752],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123753,123754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123755,46618],{"class":96},[20,123757,123758],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123760,361],{},[36,123762,123764],{"className":38,"code":123763,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123765,123766,123779],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123767,123768,123770,123772,123774,123777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123769,34680],{"class":51},[45,123771,56],{"class":55},[45,123773,76],{"class":63},[45,123775,123776],{"class":67},"one One one",[45,123778,468],{"class":63},[45,123780,123781,123783,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123782,153],{"class":152},[45,123784,156],{"class":59},[45,123786,34701],{"class":135},[45,123788,132],{"class":59},[45,123790,41258],{"class":135},[45,123792,156],{"class":59},[45,123794,64],{"class":63},[45,123796,6806],{"class":67},[45,123798,64],{"class":63},[45,123800,179],{"class":59},[20,123802,182],{},[36,123804,123805],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,123806,123807],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123808,123809],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123810,1148],{"class":96},[20,123812,123813,123814,123817,123818,123820],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123815,123816],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123819,57295],{}," is case-sensitive.",[31,123822,1797,123823,329,123825],{"id":65413},[15,123824,36067],{},[15,123826,52664],{},[20,123828,123829],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[36,123831,123833],{"className":38,"code":123832,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123834,123835,123847,123873],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123836,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123838,34680],{"class":51},[45,123840,56],{"class":55},[45,123842,76],{"class":63},[45,123844,1042],{"class":67},[45,123846,468],{"class":63},[45,123848,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123850,153],{"class":152},[45,123852,156],{"class":59},[45,123854,34701],{"class":135},[45,123856,132],{"class":59},[45,123858,41258],{"class":135},[45,123860,156],{"class":59},[45,123862,64],{"class":63},[45,123864,277],{"class":67},[45,123866,64],{"class":63},[45,123868,84],{"class":59},[45,123870,1035],{"class":96},[45,123872,179],{"class":59},[45,123874,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,123876,153],{"class":152},[45,123878,156],{"class":59},[45,123880,34701],{"class":135},[45,123882,132],{"class":59},[45,123884,41258],{"class":135},[45,123886,156],{"class":59},[45,123888,64],{"class":63},[45,123890,277],{"class":67},[45,123892,64],{"class":63},[45,123894,84],{"class":59},[45,123896,1035],{"class":96},[45,123898,84],{"class":59},[45,123900,4828],{"class":96},[45,123902,179],{"class":59},[20,123904,182],{},[36,123906,123908],{"className":38,"code":123907,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"2\n1\n",[15,123909,123910,123914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123911,123912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123913,1148],{"class":96},[45,123915,123916],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123917,46918],{"class":96},[1398,123919,123921],{"id":123920},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123923,123924,123925,73],{},"In ",[15,123926,65281],{},[258,123928,123929,123937,123945],{},[261,123930,70972,123931,123933,123934],{},[15,123932,1133],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123935,123936],{},"\"n\"",[261,123938,123939,123942,123943,76046],{},[15,123940,123941],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123944,1133],{},[261,123946,123947,123942,123950,123952,123953],{},[15,123948,123949],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123951,1133],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123954,2366],{},[20,123956,123957],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[36,123959,123961],{"className":38,"code":123960,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123962,123963,123975],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,123966,34680],{"class":51},[45,123968,56],{"class":55},[45,123970,76],{"class":63},[45,123972,1042],{"class":67},[45,123974,468],{"class":63},[45,123976,123977,123979,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,123978,153],{"class":152},[45,123980,156],{"class":59},[45,123982,34701],{"class":135},[45,123984,223],{"class":59},[45,123986,1133],{"class":96},[45,123988,73],{"class":59},[45,123990,2366],{"class":96},[45,123992,218],{"class":59},[20,123994,182],{},[36,123996,123997],{"className":38,"code":41467,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,123998,123999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124000,124001],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124002,41467],{"class":51},[20,124004,124005],{},"Only that section is searched.",[31,124007,124009],{"id":124008},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124011,124012,123820],{},[15,124013,57295],{},[20,124015,2338],{},[258,124017,124018,124026],{},[261,124019,124020,329,124022,124025],{},[15,124021,18277],{},[15,124023,124024],{},"\"A\""," are different",[261,124027,124028,329,124030,124025],{},[15,124029,64541],{},[15,124031,90425],{},[20,124033,361],{},[36,124035,124037],{"className":38,"code":124036,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124038,124039,124052],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124040,124041,124043,124045,124047,124050],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124042,34680],{"class":51},[45,124044,56],{"class":55},[45,124046,76],{"class":63},[45,124048,124049],{"class":67},"Apple apple APPLE",[45,124051,468],{"class":63},[45,124053,124054,124056,124058,124060,124062,124064,124066,124068,124070,124072],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124055,153],{"class":152},[45,124057,156],{"class":59},[45,124059,34701],{"class":135},[45,124061,132],{"class":59},[45,124063,41258],{"class":135},[45,124065,156],{"class":59},[45,124067,64],{"class":63},[45,124069,1028],{"class":67},[45,124071,64],{"class":63},[45,124073,179],{"class":59},[20,124075,182],{},[36,124077,124078],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,124079,124080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124081,124082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124083,46918],{"class":96},[20,124085,124086,124087,73],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[277,124088,124090],{"href":124089},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124091,124092],{},"lower()",[36,124094,124096],{"className":38,"code":124095,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124097,124098,124110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124099,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124101,34680],{"class":51},[45,124103,56],{"class":55},[45,124105,76],{"class":63},[45,124107,124049],{"class":67},[45,124109,468],{"class":63},[45,124111,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122,124124,124126,124128,124130,124132,124134],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124113,153],{"class":152},[45,124115,156],{"class":59},[45,124117,34701],{"class":135},[45,124119,132],{"class":59},[45,124121,8858],{"class":135},[45,124123,8855],{"class":59},[45,124125,41258],{"class":135},[45,124127,156],{"class":59},[45,124129,64],{"class":63},[45,124131,1028],{"class":67},[45,124133,64],{"class":63},[45,124135,179],{"class":59},[20,124137,182],{},[36,124139,124140],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,124141,124142],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124143,124144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124145,46618],{"class":96},[31,124147,3061],{"id":3060},[20,124149,23267,124150,132],{},[15,124151,57295],{},[1398,124153,8670,124155,124157],{"id":124154},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124156,57295],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124159,124160],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[36,124162,124164],{"className":38,"code":124163,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124165,124166,124179],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124167,124168,124170,124172,124174,124177],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124169,34680],{"class":51},[45,124171,56],{"class":55},[45,124173,76],{"class":63},[45,124175,124176],{"class":67},"Aardvark",[45,124178,468],{"class":63},[45,124180,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124182,153],{"class":152},[45,124184,156],{"class":59},[45,124186,34701],{"class":135},[45,124188,132],{"class":59},[45,124190,41258],{"class":135},[45,124192,156],{"class":59},[45,124194,64],{"class":63},[45,124196,277],{"class":67},[45,124198,64],{"class":63},[45,124200,179],{"class":59},[20,124202,182],{},[36,124204,124205],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,124206,124207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124208,124209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124210,1148],{"class":96},[20,124212,123813,124213,124215],{},[15,124214,124024],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124217,124218],{},"If needed, convert first:",[36,124220,124222],{"className":38,"code":124221,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124223,124224,124236],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124225,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124227,34680],{"class":51},[45,124229,56],{"class":55},[45,124231,76],{"class":63},[45,124233,124176],{"class":67},[45,124235,468],{"class":63},[45,124237,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258,124260],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124239,153],{"class":152},[45,124241,156],{"class":59},[45,124243,34701],{"class":135},[45,124245,132],{"class":59},[45,124247,8858],{"class":135},[45,124249,8855],{"class":59},[45,124251,41258],{"class":135},[45,124253,156],{"class":59},[45,124255,64],{"class":63},[45,124257,277],{"class":67},[45,124259,64],{"class":63},[45,124261,179],{"class":59},[1398,124263,124265],{"id":124264},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124267,124268],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[36,124270,124272],{"className":38,"code":124271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124273,124274,124286],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124275,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124277,34680],{"class":51},[45,124279,56],{"class":55},[45,124281,76],{"class":63},[45,124283,1042],{"class":67},[45,124285,468],{"class":63},[45,124287,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298,124300,124302],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124289,153],{"class":152},[45,124291,156],{"class":59},[45,124293,34701],{"class":135},[45,124295,132],{"class":59},[45,124297,41258],{"class":135},[45,124299,156],{"class":59},[45,124301,277],{"class":135},[45,124303,179],{"class":59},[20,124305,124306,124307,132],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124308,277],{},[20,124310,11015],{},[36,124312,124314],{"className":38,"code":124313,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124315,124316,124328],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124317,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124319,34680],{"class":51},[45,124321,56],{"class":55},[45,124323,76],{"class":63},[45,124325,1042],{"class":67},[45,124327,468],{"class":63},[45,124329,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340,124342,124344,124346,124348],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124331,153],{"class":152},[45,124333,156],{"class":59},[45,124335,34701],{"class":135},[45,124337,132],{"class":59},[45,124339,41258],{"class":135},[45,124341,156],{"class":59},[45,124343,64],{"class":63},[45,124345,277],{"class":67},[45,124347,64],{"class":63},[45,124349,179],{"class":59},[1398,124351,37200,124353,8922,124355,995,124358],{"id":124352},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124354,57295],{},[15,124356,124357],{},"find()",[15,124359,58973],{},[20,124361,1006,124362,124364,124365,132],{},[15,124363,57295],{}," when you need the ",[355,124366,124367],{},"number of matches",[20,124369,1006,124370,124364,124375,124377],{},[277,124371,124373],{"href":124372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124374,124357],{},[355,124376,64953],{}," of the first match.",[20,124379,1006,124380,124385],{},[277,124381,124383],{"href":124382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124384,58973],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1398,124387,124389],{"id":124388},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124391,124392,124394],{},[15,124393,57295],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124396,361],{},[36,124398,124400],{"className":38,"code":124399,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124401,124402,124415],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124403,124404,124406,124408,124410,124413],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124405,34680],{"class":51},[45,124407,56],{"class":55},[45,124409,76],{"class":63},[45,124411,124412],{"class":67},"aaaa",[45,124414,468],{"class":63},[45,124416,124417,124419,124421,124423,124425,124427,124429,124431,124434,124436],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124418,153],{"class":152},[45,124420,156],{"class":59},[45,124422,34701],{"class":135},[45,124424,132],{"class":59},[45,124426,41258],{"class":135},[45,124428,156],{"class":59},[45,124430,64],{"class":63},[45,124432,124433],{"class":67},"aa",[45,124435,64],{"class":63},[45,124437,179],{"class":59},[20,124439,182],{},[36,124441,124442],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,124443,124444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124445,124446],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124447,1148],{"class":96},[20,124449,124450,124451,132],{},"It does not return ",[15,124452,2294],{},[20,124454,124455],{},"Why not?",[20,124457,124458],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[258,124460,124461,124470],{},[261,124462,124463,124466,124467],{},[15,124464,124465],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124468,124469],{},"0-1",[261,124471,124472,124466,124474],{},[15,124473,124465],{},[15,124475,124476],{},"2-3",[20,124478,124479,124480,132],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124481,124482],{},"1-2",[31,124484,5185,124485],{"id":58378},[15,124486,57295],{},[20,124488,1006,124489,124491],{},[15,124490,57295],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124493,124494],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[258,124496,124497,124506,124516,124526],{},[261,124498,1006,124499,124501,124502,124505],{},[15,124500,57295],{}," when you need ",[355,124503,124504],{},"how many times"," something appears",[261,124507,1006,124508,124501,124512,124515],{},[277,124509,124510],{"href":124372},[15,124511,124357],{},[355,124513,124514],{},"where"," it appears",[261,124517,47812,124518,124522,124523],{},[277,124519,124520,101608],{"href":123617},[15,124521,927],{}," when you only need to know ",[355,124524,124525],{},"if it exists",[261,124527,1006,124528,124534],{},[277,124529,124531],{"href":124530},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124532,124533],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[31,124536,26100],{"id":26099},[20,124538,9093,124539,124541],{},[15,124540,57295],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[36,124543,124545],{"className":38,"code":124544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124546,124547,124557,124571,124593,124619],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124548,124549,124551,124553,124555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124550,153],{"class":152},[45,124552,156],{"class":59},[45,124554,34701],{"class":135},[45,124556,161],{"class":59},[45,124558,124559,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124560,153],{"class":152},[45,124562,156],{"class":59},[45,124564,1478],{"class":171},[45,124566,156],{"class":59},[45,124568,34701],{"class":135},[45,124570,179],{"class":59},[45,124572,124573,124575,124577,124579,124581,124583,124585,124587,124589,124591],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,124574,153],{"class":152},[45,124576,156],{"class":59},[45,124578,34701],{"class":135},[45,124580,132],{"class":59},[45,124582,41258],{"class":135},[45,124584,156],{"class":59},[45,124586,64],{"class":63},[45,124588,277],{"class":67},[45,124590,64],{"class":63},[45,124592,179],{"class":59},[45,124594,124595,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605,124607,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,124596,153],{"class":152},[45,124598,156],{"class":59},[45,124600,34701],{"class":135},[45,124602,132],{"class":59},[45,124604,8858],{"class":135},[45,124606,8855],{"class":59},[45,124608,41258],{"class":135},[45,124610,156],{"class":59},[45,124612,64],{"class":63},[45,124614,277],{"class":67},[45,124616,64],{"class":63},[45,124618,179],{"class":59},[45,124620,124621,124623,124625,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,124622,153],{"class":152},[45,124624,156],{"class":59},[45,124626,34701],{"class":135},[45,124628,132],{"class":59},[45,124630,41258],{"class":135},[45,124632,156],{"class":59},[45,124634,64],{"class":63},[45,124636,123455],{"class":67},[45,124638,64],{"class":63},[45,124640,179],{"class":59},[20,124642,124643],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[258,124645,124646,124649,124654,124657],{},[261,124647,124648],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[261,124650,124651,124653],{},[15,124652,34701],{}," not being a string",[261,124655,124656],{},"counting the wrong substring",[261,124658,124659],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124661,58867],{},[258,124663,124664,124667,124670,124673],{},[261,124665,124666],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[261,124668,124669],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[261,124671,124672],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[261,124674,50494,124675,44630,124677,995,124679,73318],{},[15,124676,57295],{},[15,124678,124357],{},[15,124680,927],{},[31,124682,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,124684,124686,124687,124689],{"id":124685},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124688,57295],{}," change the original string?",[20,124691,124692],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1398,124694,15096,124696,124698],{"id":124695},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124697,57295],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124700,124701],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1398,124703,2049,124705,124707],{"id":124704},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124706,57295],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124709,1610,124710,132],{},[15,124711,1117],{},[1398,124713,5390,124715,124717],{"id":124714},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124716,57295],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124719,124720],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1398,124722,2062,124724,124726],{"id":124723},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124725,57295],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124728,124729],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[31,124731,2114],{"id":2113},[258,124733,124734,124741,124748,124755,124762],{},[261,124735,124736],{},[277,124737,124738],{"href":124372},[15,124739,124740],{},"Python string find() method",[261,124742,124743],{},[277,124744,124745],{"href":124382},[15,124746,124747],{},"Python string index() method",[261,124749,124750],{},[277,124751,124752],{"href":124089},[15,124753,124754],{},"Python string lower() method",[261,124756,124757],{},[277,124758,124759],{"href":123617},[15,124760,124761],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[261,124763,124764],{},[277,124765,124766],{"href":124530},[15,124767,124768],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2154,124770,124771],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":124773},[124774,124775,124777,124780,124781,124782,124783,124786,124787,124795,124796,124797,124809],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":123483,"depth":121,"text":124776},"What the count() method does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":124778},[124779],{"id":17576,"depth":142,"text":17577},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":123699,"depth":121,"text":123700},{"id":65413,"depth":121,"text":66196,"children":124784},[124785],{"id":123920,"depth":142,"text":123921},{"id":124008,"depth":121,"text":124009},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":124788},[124789,124791,124792,124794],{"id":124154,"depth":142,"text":124790},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124264,"depth":142,"text":124265},{"id":124352,"depth":142,"text":124793},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124388,"depth":142,"text":124389},{"id":58378,"depth":121,"text":59009},{"id":26099,"depth":121,"text":26100},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":124798},[124799,124801,124803,124805,124807],{"id":124685,"depth":142,"text":124800},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124695,"depth":142,"text":124802},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124704,"depth":142,"text":124804},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124714,"depth":142,"text":124806},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124723,"depth":142,"text":124808},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123356,"description":124810},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124817,"title":124818,"body":124819,"description":126404,"extension":2195,"meta":126405,"navigation":145,"path":126406,"seo":126407,"stem":126408,"__hash__":126409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124820,"toc":126377},[124821,124824,124827,124924,124933,124935,124954,124958,124961,124964,124977,124980,125009,125014,125019,125077,125079,125112,125118,125122,125125,125128,125157,125160,125187,125190,125193,125197,125200,125207,125270,125272,125290,125293,125297,125300,125303,125345,125348,125392,125395,125398,125402,125407,125410,125453,125455,125478,125481,125514,125517,125566,125576,125580,125583,125586,125615,125618,125629,125631,125690,125693,125697,125700,125703,125718,125727,125730,125764,125767,125794,125797,125804,125806,125809,125811,125814,125828,125837,125839,125866,125870,125873,125887,125890,125949,125953,125956,125983,125986,126013,126021,126024,126084,126086,126119,126123,126126,126145,126150,126199,126204,126206,126209,126268,126286,126288,126292,126300,126304,126307,126311,126317,126321,126331,126335,126338,126340,126374],[10,124822,124818],{"id":124823},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124825,124826],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[36,124828,124830],{"className":38,"code":124829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124831,124832,124844,124856,124865,124879,124883,124893,124903,124914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124833,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124835,8097],{"class":51},[45,124837,56],{"class":55},[45,124839,76],{"class":63},[45,124841,5228],{"class":67},[45,124843,468],{"class":63},[45,124845,124846,124848,124850,124852,124854],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124847,90014],{"class":51},[45,124849,56],{"class":55},[45,124851,211],{"class":63},[45,124853,34860],{"class":67},[45,124855,29855],{"class":63},[45,124857,124858,124861,124863],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,124859,124860],{"class":51},"empty ",[45,124862,56],{"class":55},[45,124864,8102],{"class":63},[45,124866,124867,124869,124871,124873,124875,124877],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,124868,34680],{"class":51},[45,124870,56],{"class":55},[45,124872,48906],{"class":171},[45,124874,156],{"class":59},[45,124876,50248],{"class":96},[45,124878,161],{"class":59},[45,124880,124881],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,124882,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,124884,124885,124887,124889,124891],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,124886,153],{"class":152},[45,124888,156],{"class":59},[45,124890,68],{"class":135},[45,124892,161],{"class":59},[45,124894,124895,124897,124899,124901],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,124896,153],{"class":152},[45,124898,156],{"class":59},[45,124900,90031],{"class":135},[45,124902,161],{"class":59},[45,124904,124905,124907,124909,124912],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,124906,153],{"class":152},[45,124908,156],{"class":59},[45,124910,124911],{"class":135},"empty",[45,124913,161],{"class":59},[45,124915,124916,124918,124920,124922],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,124917,153],{"class":152},[45,124919,156],{"class":59},[45,124921,34701],{"class":135},[45,124923,161],{"class":59},[20,124925,124926,124929,124930,124932],{},[355,124927,124928],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124931,47685],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[31,124934,15356],{"id":15355},[258,124936,124937,124940,124943,124946,124951],{},[261,124938,124939],{},"What a string is in Python",[261,124941,124942],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[261,124944,124945],{},"How to create an empty string",[261,124947,124948,124949],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124950,47685],{},[261,124952,124953],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[31,124955,124957],{"id":124956},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124959,124960],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124962,124963],{},"Strings can contain:",[258,124965,124966,124969,124971,124974],{},[261,124967,124968],{},"Letters",[261,124970,56466],{},[261,124972,124973],{},"Spaces",[261,124975,124976],{},"Symbols",[20,124978,124979],{},"Examples of strings:",[36,124981,124983],{"className":38,"code":124982,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124984,124985,124993,125001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,124986,124987,124989,124991],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,124988,64],{"class":43328},[45,124990,4073],{"class":43332},[45,124992,468],{"class":43328},[45,124994,124995,124997,124999],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,124996,64],{"class":43328},[45,124998,50248],{"class":43332},[45,125000,468],{"class":43328},[45,125002,125003,125005,125007],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125004,64],{"class":43328},[45,125006,89156],{"class":43332},[45,125008,468],{"class":43328},[20,125010,21156,125011,125013],{},[15,125012,50298],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125015,125016,125017,73],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125018,2531],{},[36,125020,125022],{"className":38,"code":125021,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125023,125024,125036,125045,125049,125063],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125025,125026,125028,125030,125032,125034],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125027,34680],{"class":51},[45,125029,56],{"class":55},[45,125031,76],{"class":63},[45,125033,50248],{"class":67},[45,125035,468],{"class":63},[45,125037,125038,125040,125042],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125039,2447],{"class":51},[45,125041,56],{"class":55},[45,125043,125044],{"class":96}," 123\n",[45,125046,125047],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125048,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125050,125051,125053,125055,125057,125059,125061],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125052,153],{"class":152},[45,125054,156],{"class":59},[45,125056,1478],{"class":171},[45,125058,156],{"class":59},[45,125060,34701],{"class":135},[45,125062,179],{"class":59},[45,125064,125065,125067,125069,125071,125073,125075],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,125066,153],{"class":152},[45,125068,156],{"class":59},[45,125070,1478],{"class":171},[45,125072,156],{"class":59},[45,125074,2469],{"class":135},[45,125076,179],{"class":59},[20,125078,182],{},[36,125080,125082],{"className":38,"code":125081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125083,125084,125098],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125085,125086,125088,125090,125092,125094,125096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125087,1594],{"class":55},[45,125089,1598],{"class":1597},[45,125091,211],{"class":63},[45,125093,3669],{"class":67},[45,125095,198],{"class":63},[45,125097,1607],{"class":55},[45,125099,125100,125102,125104,125106,125108,125110],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125101,1594],{"class":55},[45,125103,1598],{"class":1597},[45,125105,211],{"class":63},[45,125107,2418],{"class":67},[45,125109,198],{"class":63},[45,125111,1607],{"class":55},[20,125113,125114,125115,132],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[277,125116,125117],{"href":50978},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[31,125119,125121],{"id":125120},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125123,125124],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125126,125127],{},"You can use single quotes:",[36,125129,125131],{"className":38,"code":125130,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125132,125133,125146],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125134,125135,125138,125140,125142,125144],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125136,125137],{"class":51},"greeting ",[45,125139,56],{"class":55},[45,125141,211],{"class":63},[45,125143,4073],{"class":67},[45,125145,29855],{"class":63},[45,125147,125148,125150,125152,125155],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125149,153],{"class":152},[45,125151,156],{"class":59},[45,125153,125154],{"class":135},"greeting",[45,125156,161],{"class":59},[20,125158,125159],{},"Or double quotes:",[36,125161,125163],{"className":38,"code":125162,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125164,125165,125177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125166,125167,125169,125171,125173,125175],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125168,125137],{"class":51},[45,125170,56],{"class":55},[45,125172,76],{"class":63},[45,125174,4073],{"class":67},[45,125176,468],{"class":63},[45,125178,125179,125181,125183,125185],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125180,153],{"class":152},[45,125182,156],{"class":59},[45,125184,125154],{"class":135},[45,125186,161],{"class":59},[20,125188,125189],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125191,125192],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[31,125194,125196],{"id":125195},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125198,125199],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125201,125202,125203,995,125205,73],{},"Use either ",[15,125204,6493],{},[15,125206,4001],{},[36,125208,125210],{"className":38,"code":125209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125211,125212,125221,125230,125234,125245,125256],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125213,125214,125217,125219],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125215,125216],{"class":51},"empty1 ",[45,125218,56],{"class":55},[45,125220,8102],{"class":63},[45,125222,125223,125226,125228],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125224,125225],{"class":51},"empty2 ",[45,125227,56],{"class":55},[45,125229,47497],{"class":63},[45,125231,125232],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125233,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125235,125236,125238,125240,125243],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125237,153],{"class":152},[45,125239,156],{"class":59},[45,125241,125242],{"class":135},"empty1",[45,125244,161],{"class":59},[45,125246,125247,125249,125251,125254],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,125248,153],{"class":152},[45,125250,156],{"class":59},[45,125252,125253],{"class":135},"empty2",[45,125255,161],{"class":59},[45,125257,125258,125260,125262,125264,125266,125268],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,125259,153],{"class":152},[45,125261,156],{"class":59},[45,125263,1478],{"class":171},[45,125265,156],{"class":59},[45,125267,125242],{"class":135},[45,125269,179],{"class":59},[20,125271,182],{},[36,125273,125274],{"className":38,"code":45771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,125275,125276],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125277,125278,125280,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125279,1594],{"class":55},[45,125281,1598],{"class":1597},[45,125283,211],{"class":63},[45,125285,3669],{"class":67},[45,125287,198],{"class":63},[45,125289,1607],{"class":55},[20,125291,125292],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[31,125294,125296],{"id":125295},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125298,125299],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125301,125302],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[36,125304,125306],{"className":38,"code":125305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125307,125308,125319,125324,125331,125335],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125309,125310,125312,125314,125317],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125311,90014],{"class":51},[45,125313,56],{"class":55},[45,125315,125316],{"class":63}," \"\"\"",[45,125318,88956],{"class":67},[45,125320,125321],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125322,125323],{"class":67},"Welcome to Python\n",[45,125325,125326,125329],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125327,125328],{"class":67},"Have a nice day",[45,125330,43336],{"class":63},[45,125332,125333],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125334,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125336,125337,125339,125341,125343],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,125338,153],{"class":152},[45,125340,156],{"class":59},[45,125342,90031],{"class":135},[45,125344,161],{"class":59},[20,125346,125347],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[36,125349,125351],{"className":38,"code":125350,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125352,125353,125365,125370,125378,125382],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125354,125355,125357,125359,125362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125356,90014],{"class":51},[45,125358,56],{"class":55},[45,125360,125361],{"class":63}," '''",[45,125363,125364],{"class":67},"Line 1\n",[45,125366,125367],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125368,125369],{"class":67},"Line 2\n",[45,125371,125372,125375],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125373,125374],{"class":67},"Line 3",[45,125376,125377],{"class":63},"'''\n",[45,125379,125380],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125381,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125383,125384,125386,125388,125390],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,125385,153],{"class":152},[45,125387,156],{"class":59},[45,125389,90031],{"class":135},[45,125391,161],{"class":59},[20,125393,125394],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125396,125397],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[31,125399,125401],{"id":125400},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125403,2212,125404,125406],{},[15,125405,47685],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125408,125409],{},"Example with a number:",[36,125411,125413],{"className":38,"code":125412,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125414,125415,125429,125439],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125416,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425,125427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125418,34680],{"class":51},[45,125420,56],{"class":55},[45,125422,48906],{"class":171},[45,125424,156],{"class":59},[45,125426,46527],{"class":96},[45,125428,161],{"class":59},[45,125430,125431,125433,125435,125437],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125432,153],{"class":152},[45,125434,156],{"class":59},[45,125436,34701],{"class":135},[45,125438,161],{"class":59},[45,125440,125441,125443,125445,125447,125449,125451],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125442,153],{"class":152},[45,125444,156],{"class":59},[45,125446,1478],{"class":171},[45,125448,156],{"class":59},[45,125450,34701],{"class":135},[45,125452,179],{"class":59},[20,125454,182],{},[36,125456,125458],{"className":38,"code":125457,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125459,125460,125464],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125461,125462],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125463,46613],{"class":96},[45,125465,125466,125468,125470,125472,125474,125476],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125467,1594],{"class":55},[45,125469,1598],{"class":1597},[45,125471,211],{"class":63},[45,125473,3669],{"class":67},[45,125475,198],{"class":63},[45,125477,1607],{"class":55},[20,125479,125480],{},"You can also convert other values:",[36,125482,125484],{"className":38,"code":125483,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125485,125486,125500],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125487,125488,125490,125492,125494,125496,125498],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125489,153],{"class":152},[45,125491,156],{"class":59},[45,125493,3669],{"class":171},[45,125495,156],{"class":59},[45,125497,3831],{"class":4080},[45,125499,179],{"class":59},[45,125501,125502,125504,125506,125508,125510,125512],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125503,153],{"class":152},[45,125505,156],{"class":59},[45,125507,3669],{"class":171},[45,125509,156],{"class":59},[45,125511,40141],{"class":96},[45,125513,179],{"class":59},[20,125515,125516],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[36,125518,125520],{"className":38,"code":125519,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125521,125522,125530,125552,125556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125523,125524,125526,125528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125525,21805],{"class":51},[45,125527,56],{"class":55},[45,125529,45226],{"class":96},[45,125531,125532,125534,125536,125538,125540,125542,125544,125546,125548,125550],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125533,90014],{"class":51},[45,125535,56],{"class":55},[45,125537,76],{"class":63},[45,125539,89432],{"class":67},[45,125541,64],{"class":63},[45,125543,2684],{"class":55},[45,125545,48906],{"class":171},[45,125547,156],{"class":59},[45,125549,89],{"class":135},[45,125551,161],{"class":59},[45,125553,125554],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125555,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125557,125558,125560,125562,125564],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125559,153],{"class":152},[45,125561,156],{"class":59},[45,125563,90031],{"class":135},[45,125565,161],{"class":59},[20,125567,125568,125569,995,125573,132],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[277,125570,3802,125571,3735],{"href":42174},[15,125572,47685],{},[277,125574,125575],{"href":123287},"how to convert int to string in Python",[31,125577,125579],{"id":125578},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125581,125582],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125584,125585],{},"Both of these are valid:",[36,125587,125589],{"className":38,"code":125588,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125590,125591,125603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125592,125593,125595,125597,125599,125601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125594,2784],{"class":51},[45,125596,56],{"class":55},[45,125598,211],{"class":63},[45,125600,7518],{"class":67},[45,125602,29855],{"class":63},[45,125604,125605,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125606,2812],{"class":51},[45,125608,56],{"class":55},[45,125610,76],{"class":63},[45,125612,7518],{"class":67},[45,125614,468],{"class":63},[20,125616,125617],{},"A common rule is:",[258,125619,125620,125623,125626],{},[261,125621,125622],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[261,125624,125625],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[261,125627,125628],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125630,361],{},[36,125632,125634],{"className":38,"code":125633,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125635,125636,125650,125664,125668,125679],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125637,125638,125641,125643,125645,125648],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125639,125640],{"class":51},"text1 ",[45,125642,56],{"class":55},[45,125644,76],{"class":63},[45,125646,125647],{"class":67},"It's working",[45,125649,468],{"class":63},[45,125651,125652,125655,125657,125659,125662],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125653,125654],{"class":51},"text2 ",[45,125656,56],{"class":55},[45,125658,211],{"class":63},[45,125660,125661],{"class":67},"She said \"hello\"",[45,125663,29855],{"class":63},[45,125665,125666],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125667,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125669,125670,125672,125674,125677],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125671,153],{"class":152},[45,125673,156],{"class":59},[45,125675,125676],{"class":135},"text1",[45,125678,161],{"class":59},[45,125680,125681,125683,125685,125688],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,125682,153],{"class":152},[45,125684,156],{"class":59},[45,125686,125687],{"class":135},"text2",[45,125689,161],{"class":59},[20,125691,125692],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[31,125694,125696],{"id":125695},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125698,125699],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125701,125702],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[36,125704,125706],{"className":38,"code":125705,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125707,125708,125713],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125709,125710],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125711,125712],{"class":1712},"# This will cause an error\n",[45,125714,125715],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125716,125717],{"class":1712},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125719,125720,125721,35323,125723,125726],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125722,198],{},[15,125724,125725],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125728,125729],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[36,125731,125733],{"className":38,"code":125732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125734,125735,125754],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743,125746,125749,125752],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125738,34680],{"class":51},[45,125740,56],{"class":55},[45,125742,211],{"class":63},[45,125744,125745],{"class":67},"It",[45,125747,125748],{"class":34445},"\\'",[45,125750,125751],{"class":67},"s working",[45,125753,29855],{"class":63},[45,125755,125756,125758,125760,125762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125757,153],{"class":152},[45,125759,156],{"class":59},[45,125761,34701],{"class":135},[45,125763,161],{"class":59},[20,125765,125766],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[36,125768,125770],{"className":38,"code":125769,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125771,125772,125784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125773,125774,125776,125778,125780,125782],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125775,34680],{"class":51},[45,125777,56],{"class":55},[45,125779,76],{"class":63},[45,125781,125647],{"class":67},[45,125783,468],{"class":63},[45,125785,125786,125788,125790,125792],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125787,153],{"class":152},[45,125789,156],{"class":59},[45,125791,34701],{"class":135},[45,125793,161],{"class":59},[20,125795,125796],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125798,125799,125800,132],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[277,125801,125803],{"href":125802},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[31,125805,3061],{"id":3060},[20,125807,125808],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1398,125810,90221],{"id":90220},[20,125812,125813],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[36,125815,125817],{"className":38,"code":125816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125818,125819,125823],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125820,125821],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125822,125712],{"class":1712},[45,125824,125825],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125826,125827],{"class":1712},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125829,125830,125831,8819,125834,125836],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125832,125833],{},"NameError",[15,125835,5228],{}," is not defined.",[20,125838,11015],{},[36,125840,125842],{"className":38,"code":125841,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125843,125844,125856],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852,125854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125847,8097],{"class":51},[45,125849,56],{"class":55},[45,125851,76],{"class":63},[45,125853,5228],{"class":67},[45,125855,468],{"class":63},[45,125857,125858,125860,125862,125864],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125859,153],{"class":152},[45,125861,156],{"class":59},[45,125863,68],{"class":135},[45,125865,161],{"class":59},[1398,125867,125869],{"id":125868},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125871,125872],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[36,125874,125876],{"className":38,"code":125875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125877,125878,125882],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125879,125880],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125881,125712],{"class":1712},[45,125883,125884],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125885,125886],{"class":1712},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125888,125889],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[36,125891,125893],{"className":38,"code":125892,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125894,125895,125912,125925,125929,125939],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125896,125897,125899,125901,125903,125905,125907,125910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125898,125640],{"class":51},[45,125900,56],{"class":55},[45,125902,211],{"class":63},[45,125904,125745],{"class":67},[45,125906,125748],{"class":34445},[45,125908,125909],{"class":67},"s good",[45,125911,29855],{"class":63},[45,125913,125914,125916,125918,125920,125923],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125915,125654],{"class":51},[45,125917,56],{"class":55},[45,125919,76],{"class":63},[45,125921,125922],{"class":67},"It's good",[45,125924,468],{"class":63},[45,125926,125927],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,125928,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,125930,125931,125933,125935,125937],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,125932,153],{"class":152},[45,125934,156],{"class":59},[45,125936,125676],{"class":135},[45,125938,161],{"class":59},[45,125940,125941,125943,125945,125947],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,125942,153],{"class":152},[45,125944,156],{"class":59},[45,125946,125687],{"class":135},[45,125948,161],{"class":59},[1398,125950,125952],{"id":125951},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125954,125955],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[36,125957,125959],{"className":38,"code":125958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125960,125961,125973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125962,125963,125965,125967,125969,125971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125964,34680],{"class":51},[45,125966,56],{"class":55},[45,125968,125316],{"class":63},[45,125970,4073],{"class":67},[45,125972,43336],{"class":63},[45,125974,125975,125977,125979,125981],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,125976,153],{"class":152},[45,125978,156],{"class":59},[45,125980,34701],{"class":135},[45,125982,161],{"class":59},[20,125984,125985],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[36,125987,125989],{"className":38,"code":125988,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125990,125991,126003],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,125992,125993,125995,125997,125999,126001],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,125994,34680],{"class":51},[45,125996,56],{"class":55},[45,125998,76],{"class":63},[45,126000,4073],{"class":67},[45,126002,468],{"class":63},[45,126004,126005,126007,126009,126011],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126006,153],{"class":152},[45,126008,156],{"class":59},[45,126010,34701],{"class":135},[45,126012,161],{"class":59},[1398,126014,1503,126016,329,126018,126020],{"id":126015},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126017,50248],{},[15,126019,50298],{}," are the same type",[20,126022,126023],{},"They are different:",[36,126025,126027],{"className":38,"code":126026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126028,126029,126038,126051,126055,126069],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126030,126031,126034,126036],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126032,126033],{"class":51},"value1 ",[45,126035,56],{"class":55},[45,126037,125044],{"class":96},[45,126039,126040,126043,126045,126047,126049],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126041,126042],{"class":51},"value2 ",[45,126044,56],{"class":55},[45,126046,76],{"class":63},[45,126048,50248],{"class":67},[45,126050,468],{"class":63},[45,126052,126053],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,126054,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,126056,126057,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,126058,153],{"class":152},[45,126060,156],{"class":59},[45,126062,1478],{"class":171},[45,126064,156],{"class":59},[45,126066,84777],{"class":135},[45,126068,179],{"class":59},[45,126070,126071,126073,126075,126077,126079,126082],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,126072,153],{"class":152},[45,126074,156],{"class":59},[45,126076,1478],{"class":171},[45,126078,156],{"class":59},[45,126080,126081],{"class":135},"value2",[45,126083,179],{"class":59},[20,126085,182],{},[36,126087,126089],{"className":38,"code":126088,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126090,126091,126105],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126094,1594],{"class":55},[45,126096,1598],{"class":1597},[45,126098,211],{"class":63},[45,126100,2418],{"class":67},[45,126102,198],{"class":63},[45,126104,1607],{"class":55},[45,126106,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115,126117],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126108,1594],{"class":55},[45,126110,1598],{"class":1597},[45,126112,211],{"class":63},[45,126114,3669],{"class":67},[45,126116,198],{"class":63},[45,126118,1607],{"class":55},[1398,126120,126122],{"id":126121},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126124,126125],{},"This causes a type error:",[36,126127,126129],{"className":38,"code":126128,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126130,126131,126135,126140],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126132,126133],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126134,125712],{"class":1712},[45,126136,126137],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126138,126139],{"class":1712},"# age = 10\n",[45,126141,126142],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,126143,126144],{"class":1712},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126146,126147,126148,73],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126149,47685],{},[36,126151,126153],{"className":38,"code":126152,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126154,126155,126163,126185,126189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126156,126157,126159,126161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126158,21805],{"class":51},[45,126160,56],{"class":55},[45,126162,2817],{"class":96},[45,126164,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126166,90014],{"class":51},[45,126168,56],{"class":55},[45,126170,76],{"class":63},[45,126172,89432],{"class":67},[45,126174,64],{"class":63},[45,126176,2684],{"class":55},[45,126178,48906],{"class":171},[45,126180,156],{"class":59},[45,126182,89],{"class":135},[45,126184,161],{"class":59},[45,126186,126187],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,126188,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,126190,126191,126193,126195,126197],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,126192,153],{"class":152},[45,126194,156],{"class":59},[45,126196,90031],{"class":135},[45,126198,161],{"class":59},[20,126200,126201,126202,132],{},"For this specific error, see ",[277,126203,90413],{"href":90412},[1398,126205,60716],{"id":60715},[20,126207,126208],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[36,126210,126212],{"className":38,"code":126211,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126213,126214,126226,126230,126240,126254],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126215,126216,126218,126220,126222,126224],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126217,34680],{"class":51},[45,126219,56],{"class":55},[45,126221,76],{"class":63},[45,126223,4073],{"class":67},[45,126225,468],{"class":63},[45,126227,126228],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126229,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,126231,126232,126234,126236,126238],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,126233,153],{"class":152},[45,126235,156],{"class":59},[45,126237,34701],{"class":135},[45,126239,161],{"class":59},[45,126241,126242,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,126243,153],{"class":152},[45,126245,156],{"class":59},[45,126247,1478],{"class":171},[45,126249,156],{"class":59},[45,126251,34701],{"class":135},[45,126253,179],{"class":59},[45,126255,126256,126258,126260,126262,126264,126266],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,126257,153],{"class":152},[45,126259,156],{"class":59},[45,126261,41778],{"class":152},[45,126263,156],{"class":59},[45,126265,34701],{"class":135},[45,126267,179],{"class":59},[258,126269,126270,126275,126280],{},[261,126271,126272,46279],{},[15,126273,126274],{},"print(text)",[261,126276,126277,46284],{},[15,126278,126279],{},"print(type(text))",[261,126281,126282,126285],{},[15,126283,126284],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[31,126287,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,126289,126291],{"id":126290},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126293,126294,126295,995,126298,132],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126296,126297],{},"'hello'",[15,126299,64541],{},[1398,126301,126303],{"id":126302},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126305,126306],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1398,126308,126310],{"id":126309},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126312,1006,126313,995,126315,132],{},[15,126314,6493],{},[15,126316,4001],{},[1398,126318,126320],{"id":126319},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126322,1006,126323,126325,126326,126328,126329,132],{},[15,126324,47685],{},", like ",[15,126327,80387],{},", which returns ",[15,126330,42125],{},[1398,126332,126334],{"id":126333},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126336,126337],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[31,126339,2114],{"id":2113},[258,126341,126342,126346,126352,126357,126366,126370],{},[261,126343,126344],{},[277,126345,125117],{"href":50978},[261,126347,126348],{},[277,126349,3802,126350,3735],{"href":42174},[15,126351,47685],{},[261,126353,126354],{},[277,126355,126356],{"href":123287},"How to convert int to string in Python",[261,126358,126359],{},[277,126360,126362,126363,994],{"href":126361},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126364,126365],{},"format()",[261,126367,126368],{},[277,126369,125803],{"href":125802},[261,126371,126372],{},[277,126373,90413],{"href":90412},[2154,126375,126376],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":126378},[126379,126380,126381,126382,126383,126384,126385,126386,126387,126396,126403],{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":124956,"depth":121,"text":124957},{"id":125120,"depth":121,"text":125121},{"id":125195,"depth":121,"text":125196},{"id":125295,"depth":121,"text":125296},{"id":125400,"depth":121,"text":125401},{"id":125578,"depth":121,"text":125579},{"id":125695,"depth":121,"text":125696},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":126388},[126389,126390,126391,126392,126394,126395],{"id":90220,"depth":142,"text":90221},{"id":125868,"depth":142,"text":125869},{"id":125951,"depth":142,"text":125952},{"id":126015,"depth":142,"text":126393},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126121,"depth":142,"text":126122},{"id":60715,"depth":142,"text":60716},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":126397},[126398,126399,126400,126401,126402],{"id":126290,"depth":142,"text":126291},{"id":126302,"depth":142,"text":126303},{"id":126309,"depth":142,"text":126310},{"id":126319,"depth":142,"text":126320},{"id":126333,"depth":142,"text":126334},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124818,"description":126404},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126411,"title":126412,"body":126413,"description":128327,"extension":2195,"meta":128328,"navigation":145,"path":128329,"seo":128330,"stem":128331,"__hash__":128332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126414,"toc":128288},[126415,126421,126426,126434,126436,126503,126505,126517,126526,126531,126535,126552,126554,126619,126621,126633,126638,126640,126668,126689,126692,126731,126733,126741,126745,126749,126753,126761,126764,126805,126807,126815,126818,126875,126877,126885,126889,126894,126938,126940,126948,126957,126961,126966,127014,127016,127024,127030,127032,127036,127048,127053,127132,127134,127154,127158,127162,127202,127204,127212,127216,127259,127261,127269,127273,127313,127315,127323,127327,127383,127385,127393,127399,127401,127405,127415,127482,127484,127497,127504,127547,127549,127557,127561,127564,127620,127622,127630,127633,127635,127712,127714,127722,127731,127733,127737,127741,127743,127765,127768,127815,127819,127858,127860,127868,127870,127912,127919,127924,127986,127988,128000,128006,128011,128060,128062,128081,128087,128089,128108,128110,128201,128203,128209,128216,128222,128228,128233,128242,128249,128257,128259,128285],[10,126416,123362,126418,18],{"id":126417},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126419,126420],{},"endswith()",[20,126422,123367,126423,126425],{},[15,126424,126420],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126427,126428,126429,995,126431,126433],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126430,3831],{},[15,126432,3902],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[31,126435,34],{"id":33},[36,126437,126439],{"className":38,"code":126438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126440,126441,126455,126480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126442,126443,126446,126448,126450,126453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126444,126445],{"class":51},"filename ",[45,126447,56],{"class":55},[45,126449,76],{"class":63},[45,126451,126452],{"class":67},"report.csv",[45,126454,468],{"class":63},[45,126456,126457,126459,126461,126464,126466,126469,126471,126473,126476,126478],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126458,153],{"class":152},[45,126460,156],{"class":59},[45,126462,126463],{"class":135},"filename",[45,126465,132],{"class":59},[45,126467,126468],{"class":135},"endswith",[45,126470,156],{"class":59},[45,126472,64],{"class":63},[45,126474,126475],{"class":67},".csv",[45,126477,64],{"class":63},[45,126479,179],{"class":59},[45,126481,126482,126484,126486,126488,126490,126492,126494,126496,126499,126501],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,126483,153],{"class":152},[45,126485,156],{"class":59},[45,126487,126463],{"class":135},[45,126489,132],{"class":59},[45,126491,126468],{"class":135},[45,126493,156],{"class":59},[45,126495,64],{"class":63},[45,126497,126498],{"class":67},".txt",[45,126500,64],{"class":63},[45,126502,179],{"class":59},[20,126504,182],{},[36,126506,126507],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,126508,126509,126513],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126510,126511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126512,4205],{"class":4080},[45,126514,126515],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126516,4266],{"class":4080},[20,126518,1006,126519,5590,126521,995,126523,126525],{},[15,126520,126420],{},[15,126522,3831],{},[15,126524,3902],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[31,126527,253,126529,256],{"id":126528},"what-endswith-does",[15,126530,126420],{},[20,126532,126533,73],{},[15,126534,126420],{},[258,126536,126537,126540,126546,126549],{},[261,126538,126539],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[261,126541,11629,126542,995,126544],{},[15,126543,3831],{},[15,126545,3902],{},[261,126547,126548],{},"Does not change the original string",[261,126550,126551],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126553,361],{},[36,126555,126557],{"className":38,"code":126556,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126558,126559,126571,126575,126597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126560,126561,126563,126565,126567,126569],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126562,34680],{"class":51},[45,126564,56],{"class":55},[45,126566,76],{"class":63},[45,126568,60412],{"class":67},[45,126570,468],{"class":63},[45,126572,126573],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126574,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,126576,126577,126579,126581,126583,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,126578,153],{"class":152},[45,126580,156],{"class":59},[45,126582,34701],{"class":135},[45,126584,132],{"class":59},[45,126586,126468],{"class":135},[45,126588,156],{"class":59},[45,126590,64],{"class":63},[45,126592,60597],{"class":67},[45,126594,64],{"class":63},[45,126596,179],{"class":59},[45,126598,126599,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,126600,153],{"class":152},[45,126602,156],{"class":59},[45,126604,34701],{"class":135},[45,126606,132],{"class":59},[45,126608,126468],{"class":135},[45,126610,156],{"class":59},[45,126612,64],{"class":63},[45,126614,4073],{"class":67},[45,126616,64],{"class":63},[45,126618,179],{"class":59},[20,126620,182],{},[36,126622,126623],{"className":38,"code":44174,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,126624,126625,126629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126626,126627],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126628,4205],{"class":4080},[45,126630,126631],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126632,4266],{"class":4080},[20,126634,126635,126636,132],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[277,126637,125117],{"href":50978},[31,126639,284],{"id":283},[36,126641,126643],{"className":38,"code":126642,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126644,126645],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126646,126647,126649,126651,126653,126655,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126648,61180],{"class":51},[45,126650,132],{"class":59},[45,126652,126468],{"class":135},[45,126654,156],{"class":59},[45,126656,126657],{"class":135},"suffix",[45,126659,84],{"class":59},[45,126661,36046],{"class":135},[45,126663,84],{"class":59},[45,126665,65047],{"class":135},[45,126667,161],{"class":59},[258,126669,126670,126675,126682],{},[261,126671,126672,126674],{},[15,126673,126657],{}," is required",[261,126676,126677,329,126679,126681],{},[15,126678,36067],{},[15,126680,52664],{}," are optional",[261,126683,126684,329,126686,126688],{},[15,126685,36067],{},[15,126687,52664],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126690,126691],{},"Basic example:",[36,126693,126695],{"className":38,"code":126694,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126696,126697,126709],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126700,126445],{"class":51},[45,126702,56],{"class":55},[45,126704,76],{"class":63},[45,126706,86902],{"class":67},[45,126708,468],{"class":63},[45,126710,126711,126713,126715,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725,126727,126729],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126712,153],{"class":152},[45,126714,156],{"class":59},[45,126716,126463],{"class":135},[45,126718,132],{"class":59},[45,126720,126468],{"class":135},[45,126722,156],{"class":59},[45,126724,64],{"class":63},[45,126726,126498],{"class":67},[45,126728,64],{"class":63},[45,126730,179],{"class":59},[20,126732,182],{},[36,126734,126735],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,126736,126737],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126738,126739],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126740,4205],{"class":4080},[31,126742,126744],{"id":126743},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1398,126746,126747],{"id":126657},[15,126748,126657],{},[20,126750,126751,30904],{},[15,126752,126657],{},[258,126754,126755,126758],{},[261,126756,126757],{},"A single string",[261,126759,126760],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126762,126763],{},"Single suffix:",[36,126765,126767],{"className":38,"code":126766,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126768,126769,126782],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126770,126771,126773,126775,126777,126780],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126772,8097],{"class":51},[45,126774,56],{"class":55},[45,126776,76],{"class":63},[45,126778,126779],{"class":67},"image.png",[45,126781,468],{"class":63},[45,126783,126784,126786,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126801,126803],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126785,153],{"class":152},[45,126787,156],{"class":59},[45,126789,68],{"class":135},[45,126791,132],{"class":59},[45,126793,126468],{"class":135},[45,126795,156],{"class":59},[45,126797,64],{"class":63},[45,126799,126800],{"class":67},".png",[45,126802,64],{"class":63},[45,126804,179],{"class":59},[20,126806,182],{},[36,126808,126809],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,126810,126811],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126812,126813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126814,4205],{"class":4080},[20,126816,126817],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[36,126819,126821],{"className":38,"code":126820,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126822,126823,126835],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126824,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126826,8097],{"class":51},[45,126828,56],{"class":55},[45,126830,76],{"class":63},[45,126832,126779],{"class":67},[45,126834,468],{"class":63},[45,126836,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126854,126856,126858,126860,126862,126864,126866,126868,126871,126873],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126838,153],{"class":152},[45,126840,156],{"class":59},[45,126842,68],{"class":135},[45,126844,132],{"class":59},[45,126846,126468],{"class":135},[45,126848,5731],{"class":59},[45,126850,64],{"class":63},[45,126852,126853],{"class":67},".jpg",[45,126855,64],{"class":63},[45,126857,84],{"class":59},[45,126859,76],{"class":63},[45,126861,126800],{"class":67},[45,126863,64],{"class":63},[45,126865,84],{"class":59},[45,126867,76],{"class":63},[45,126869,126870],{"class":67},".gif",[45,126872,64],{"class":63},[45,126874,3143],{"class":59},[20,126876,182],{},[36,126878,126879],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,126880,126881],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126882,126883],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126884,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,126886,126887],{"id":36067},[15,126888,36067],{},[20,126890,126891,126893],{},[15,126892,36067],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[36,126895,126897],{"className":38,"code":126896,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126898,126899,126912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126900,126901,126903,126905,126907,126910],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126902,34680],{"class":51},[45,126904,56],{"class":55},[45,126906,76],{"class":63},[45,126908,126909],{"class":67},"my_report.csv",[45,126911,468],{"class":63},[45,126913,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924,126926,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126915,153],{"class":152},[45,126917,156],{"class":59},[45,126919,34701],{"class":135},[45,126921,132],{"class":59},[45,126923,126468],{"class":135},[45,126925,156],{"class":59},[45,126927,64],{"class":63},[45,126929,126475],{"class":67},[45,126931,64],{"class":63},[45,126933,84],{"class":59},[45,126935,1063],{"class":96},[45,126937,179],{"class":59},[20,126939,182],{},[36,126941,126942],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,126943,126944],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126945,126946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126947,4205],{"class":4080},[20,126949,126950,126951,126953,126954,132],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126952,2294],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126955,126956],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1398,126958,126959],{"id":52664},[15,126960,52664],{},[20,126962,126963,126965],{},[15,126964,52664],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[36,126967,126969],{"className":38,"code":126968,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126970,126971,126984],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,126972,126973,126975,126977,126979,126982],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,126974,34680],{"class":51},[45,126976,56],{"class":55},[45,126978,76],{"class":63},[45,126980,126981],{"class":67},"report.csv backup",[45,126983,468],{"class":63},[45,126985,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000,127002,127004,127006,127008,127010,127012],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,126987,153],{"class":152},[45,126989,156],{"class":59},[45,126991,34701],{"class":135},[45,126993,132],{"class":59},[45,126995,126468],{"class":135},[45,126997,156],{"class":59},[45,126999,64],{"class":63},[45,127001,126475],{"class":67},[45,127003,64],{"class":63},[45,127005,84],{"class":59},[45,127007,4061],{"class":96},[45,127009,84],{"class":59},[45,127011,6225],{"class":96},[45,127013,179],{"class":59},[20,127015,182],{},[36,127017,127018],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127019,127020],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127021,127022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127023,4205],{"class":4080},[20,127025,127026,127027,127029],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127028,126956],{}," and ignores the rest.",[31,127031,17601],{"id":17600},[20,127033,127034,25670],{},[15,127035,126420],{},[258,127037,127038,127043],{},[261,127039,127040,127042],{},[15,127041,3831],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[261,127044,127045,127047],{},[15,127046,3902],{}," if it does not",[20,127049,127050,127051,7394],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127052,7219],{},[36,127054,127056],{"className":38,"code":127055,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127057,127058,127071,127075,127096,127111,127117],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127059,127060,127062,127064,127066,127069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127061,126445],{"class":51},[45,127063,56],{"class":55},[45,127065,76],{"class":63},[45,127067,127068],{"class":67},"data.csv",[45,127070,468],{"class":63},[45,127072,127073],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127074,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,127076,127077,127079,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090,127092,127094],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,127078,7219],{"class":921},[45,127080,127081],{"class":51}," filename",[45,127083,132],{"class":59},[45,127085,126468],{"class":135},[45,127087,156],{"class":59},[45,127089,64],{"class":63},[45,127091,126475],{"class":67},[45,127093,64],{"class":63},[45,127095,8559],{"class":59},[45,127097,127098,127100,127102,127104,127107,127109],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,127099,942],{"class":152},[45,127101,156],{"class":59},[45,127103,64],{"class":63},[45,127105,127106],{"class":67},"This is a CSV file.",[45,127108,64],{"class":63},[45,127110,161],{"class":59},[45,127112,127113,127115],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,127114,27590],{"class":921},[45,127116,6614],{"class":59},[45,127118,127119,127121,127123,127125,127128,127130],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,127120,942],{"class":152},[45,127122,156],{"class":59},[45,127124,64],{"class":63},[45,127126,127127],{"class":67},"This is not a CSV file.",[45,127129,64],{"class":63},[45,127131,161],{"class":59},[20,127133,182],{},[36,127135,127137],{"className":38,"code":127136,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127138,127139],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127140,127141,127143,127145,127147,127150,127152],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127142,49881],{"class":51},[45,127144,12395],{"class":55},[45,127146,44545],{"class":51},[45,127148,127149],{"class":34445},"CSV",[45,127151,86643],{"class":86642},[45,127153,122394],{"class":59},[31,127155,127157],{"id":127156},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1398,127159,127161],{"id":127160},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[36,127163,127165],{"className":38,"code":127164,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127166,127167,127180],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127168,127169,127171,127173,127175,127178],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127170,126445],{"class":51},[45,127172,56],{"class":55},[45,127174,76],{"class":63},[45,127176,127177],{"class":67},"sales.csv",[45,127179,468],{"class":63},[45,127181,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127183,153],{"class":152},[45,127185,156],{"class":59},[45,127187,126463],{"class":135},[45,127189,132],{"class":59},[45,127191,126468],{"class":135},[45,127193,156],{"class":59},[45,127195,64],{"class":63},[45,127197,126475],{"class":67},[45,127199,64],{"class":63},[45,127201,179],{"class":59},[20,127203,182],{},[36,127205,127206],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127207,127208],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127209,127210],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127211,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,127213,127215],{"id":127214},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[36,127217,127219],{"className":38,"code":127218,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127220,127221,127235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127222,127223,127226,127228,127230,127233],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127224,127225],{"class":51},"url ",[45,127227,56],{"class":55},[45,127229,76],{"class":63},[45,127231,127232],{"class":67},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[45,127234,468],{"class":63},[45,127236,127237,127239,127241,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252,127255,127257],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127238,153],{"class":152},[45,127240,156],{"class":59},[45,127242,127243],{"class":135},"url",[45,127245,132],{"class":59},[45,127247,126468],{"class":135},[45,127249,156],{"class":59},[45,127251,64],{"class":63},[45,127253,127254],{"class":67},"\u002F",[45,127256,64],{"class":63},[45,127258,179],{"class":59},[20,127260,182],{},[36,127262,127263],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127264,127265],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127266,127267],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127268,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,127270,127272],{"id":127271},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[36,127274,127276],{"className":38,"code":127275,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127277,127278,127291],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127279,127280,127282,127284,127286,127289],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127281,90014],{"class":51},[45,127283,56],{"class":55},[45,127285,76],{"class":63},[45,127287,127288],{"class":67},"Hello!",[45,127290,468],{"class":63},[45,127292,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127294,153],{"class":152},[45,127296,156],{"class":59},[45,127298,90031],{"class":135},[45,127300,132],{"class":59},[45,127302,126468],{"class":135},[45,127304,156],{"class":59},[45,127306,64],{"class":63},[45,127308,89855],{"class":67},[45,127310,64],{"class":63},[45,127312,179],{"class":59},[20,127314,182],{},[36,127316,127317],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127318,127319],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127320,127321],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127322,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,127324,127326],{"id":127325},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[36,127328,127330],{"className":38,"code":127329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127331,127332,127345],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127333,127334,127336,127338,127340,127343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127335,126445],{"class":51},[45,127337,56],{"class":55},[45,127339,76],{"class":63},[45,127341,127342],{"class":67},"photo.jpg",[45,127344,468],{"class":63},[45,127346,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127348,153],{"class":152},[45,127350,156],{"class":59},[45,127352,126463],{"class":135},[45,127354,132],{"class":59},[45,127356,126468],{"class":135},[45,127358,5731],{"class":59},[45,127360,64],{"class":63},[45,127362,126853],{"class":67},[45,127364,64],{"class":63},[45,127366,84],{"class":59},[45,127368,76],{"class":63},[45,127370,126800],{"class":67},[45,127372,64],{"class":63},[45,127374,84],{"class":59},[45,127376,76],{"class":63},[45,127378,126870],{"class":67},[45,127380,64],{"class":63},[45,127382,3143],{"class":59},[20,127384,182],{},[36,127386,127387],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127388,127389],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127390,127391],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127392,4205],{"class":4080},[20,127394,127395,127396,132],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[277,127397,127398],{"href":123617},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[31,127400,124009],{"id":124008},[20,127402,127403,123820],{},[15,127404,126420],{},[20,127406,127407,127408,329,127411,127414],{},"That means ",[15,127409,127410],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127412,127413],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[36,127416,127418],{"className":38,"code":127417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127419,127420,127433,127437,127459],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127421,127422,127424,127426,127428,127431],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127423,126445],{"class":51},[45,127425,56],{"class":55},[45,127427,76],{"class":63},[45,127429,127430],{"class":67},"REPORT.CSV",[45,127432,468],{"class":63},[45,127434,127435],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127436,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,127438,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,127440,153],{"class":152},[45,127442,156],{"class":59},[45,127444,126463],{"class":135},[45,127446,132],{"class":59},[45,127448,126468],{"class":135},[45,127450,156],{"class":59},[45,127452,64],{"class":63},[45,127454,126475],{"class":67},[45,127456,64],{"class":63},[45,127458,179],{"class":59},[45,127460,127461,127463,127465,127467,127469,127471,127473,127475,127478,127480],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,127462,153],{"class":152},[45,127464,156],{"class":59},[45,127466,126463],{"class":135},[45,127468,132],{"class":59},[45,127470,126468],{"class":135},[45,127472,156],{"class":59},[45,127474,64],{"class":63},[45,127476,127477],{"class":67},".CSV",[45,127479,64],{"class":63},[45,127481,179],{"class":59},[20,127483,182],{},[36,127485,127487],{"className":38,"code":127486,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127488,127489,127493],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127490,127491],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127492,4266],{"class":4080},[45,127494,127495],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127496,4205],{"class":4080},[20,127498,127499,127500,132],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[277,127501,127502],{"href":124089},[15,127503,124092],{},[36,127505,127507],{"className":38,"code":127506,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127508,127509,127521],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127512,126445],{"class":51},[45,127514,56],{"class":55},[45,127516,76],{"class":63},[45,127518,127430],{"class":67},[45,127520,468],{"class":63},[45,127522,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127524,153],{"class":152},[45,127526,156],{"class":59},[45,127528,126463],{"class":135},[45,127530,132],{"class":59},[45,127532,8858],{"class":135},[45,127534,8855],{"class":59},[45,127536,126468],{"class":135},[45,127538,156],{"class":59},[45,127540,64],{"class":63},[45,127542,126475],{"class":67},[45,127544,64],{"class":63},[45,127546,179],{"class":59},[20,127548,182],{},[36,127550,127551],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127552,127553],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127554,127555],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127556,4205],{"class":4080},[31,127558,127560],{"id":127559},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127562,127563],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[36,127565,127567],{"className":38,"code":127566,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127568,127569,127582],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127570,127571,127573,127575,127577,127580],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127572,126445],{"class":51},[45,127574,56],{"class":55},[45,127576,76],{"class":63},[45,127578,127579],{"class":67},"picture.gif",[45,127581,468],{"class":63},[45,127583,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127585,153],{"class":152},[45,127587,156],{"class":59},[45,127589,126463],{"class":135},[45,127591,132],{"class":59},[45,127593,126468],{"class":135},[45,127595,5731],{"class":59},[45,127597,64],{"class":63},[45,127599,126853],{"class":67},[45,127601,64],{"class":63},[45,127603,84],{"class":59},[45,127605,76],{"class":63},[45,127607,126800],{"class":67},[45,127609,64],{"class":63},[45,127611,84],{"class":59},[45,127613,76],{"class":63},[45,127615,126870],{"class":67},[45,127617,64],{"class":63},[45,127619,3143],{"class":59},[20,127621,182],{},[36,127623,127624],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127625,127626],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127627,127628],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127629,4205],{"class":4080},[20,127631,127632],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127634,52083],{},[36,127636,127638],{"className":38,"code":127637,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127639,127640,127653,127688,127692],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127641,127642,127645,127647,127649,127651],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127643,127644],{"class":51},"document ",[45,127646,56],{"class":55},[45,127648,76],{"class":63},[45,127650,86902],{"class":67},[45,127652,468],{"class":63},[45,127654,127655,127658,127660,127662,127664,127666,127668,127670,127672,127675,127677,127679,127681,127684,127686],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127656,127657],{"class":51},"allowed ",[45,127659,56],{"class":55},[45,127661,9453],{"class":59},[45,127663,64],{"class":63},[45,127665,126498],{"class":67},[45,127667,64],{"class":63},[45,127669,84],{"class":59},[45,127671,76],{"class":63},[45,127673,127674],{"class":67},".md",[45,127676,64],{"class":63},[45,127678,84],{"class":59},[45,127680,76],{"class":63},[45,127682,127683],{"class":67},".docx",[45,127685,64],{"class":63},[45,127687,161],{"class":59},[45,127689,127690],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,127691,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,127693,127694,127696,127698,127701,127703,127705,127707,127710],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,127695,153],{"class":152},[45,127697,156],{"class":59},[45,127699,127700],{"class":135},"document",[45,127702,132],{"class":59},[45,127704,126468],{"class":135},[45,127706,156],{"class":59},[45,127708,127709],{"class":135},"allowed",[45,127711,179],{"class":59},[20,127713,182],{},[36,127715,127716],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127717,127718],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127719,127720],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127721,4205],{"class":4080},[20,127723,127724,127725,132],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[277,127726,126362,127728,994],{"href":127727},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127729,127730],{},"startswith()",[31,127732,3061],{"id":3060},[20,127734,8664,127735,132],{},[15,127736,126420],{},[1398,127738,127740],{"id":127739},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127742,4749],{},[36,127744,127746],{"className":38,"code":127745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127747,127748,127760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127749,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127751,126445],{"class":51},[45,127753,56],{"class":55},[45,127755,76],{"class":63},[45,127757,127342],{"class":67},[45,127759,468],{"class":63},[45,127761,127762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127763,127764],{"class":1712},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127766,127767],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[36,127769,127771],{"className":38,"code":127770,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127772,127773,127785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127774,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127776,126445],{"class":51},[45,127778,56],{"class":55},[45,127780,76],{"class":63},[45,127782,127342],{"class":67},[45,127784,468],{"class":63},[45,127786,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809,127811,127813],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127788,153],{"class":152},[45,127790,156],{"class":59},[45,127792,126463],{"class":135},[45,127794,132],{"class":59},[45,127796,126468],{"class":135},[45,127798,5731],{"class":59},[45,127800,64],{"class":63},[45,127802,126853],{"class":67},[45,127804,64],{"class":63},[45,127806,84],{"class":59},[45,127808,76],{"class":63},[45,127810,126800],{"class":67},[45,127812,64],{"class":63},[45,127814,3143],{"class":59},[1398,127816,127818],{"id":127817},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[36,127820,127822],{"className":38,"code":127821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127823,127824,127836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127825,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127827,126445],{"class":51},[45,127829,56],{"class":55},[45,127831,76],{"class":63},[45,127833,127430],{"class":67},[45,127835,468],{"class":63},[45,127837,127838,127840,127842,127844,127846,127848,127850,127852,127854,127856],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127839,153],{"class":152},[45,127841,156],{"class":59},[45,127843,126463],{"class":135},[45,127845,132],{"class":59},[45,127847,126468],{"class":135},[45,127849,156],{"class":59},[45,127851,64],{"class":63},[45,127853,126475],{"class":67},[45,127855,64],{"class":63},[45,127857,179],{"class":59},[20,127859,182],{},[36,127861,127862],{"className":38,"code":4266,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127863,127864],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127865,127866],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127867,4266],{"class":4080},[20,127869,39259],{},[36,127871,127872],{"className":38,"code":127506,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127873,127874,127886],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127875,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127877,126445],{"class":51},[45,127879,56],{"class":55},[45,127881,76],{"class":63},[45,127883,127430],{"class":67},[45,127885,468],{"class":63},[45,127887,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127889,153],{"class":152},[45,127891,156],{"class":59},[45,127893,126463],{"class":135},[45,127895,132],{"class":59},[45,127897,8858],{"class":135},[45,127899,8855],{"class":59},[45,127901,126468],{"class":135},[45,127903,156],{"class":59},[45,127905,64],{"class":63},[45,127907,126475],{"class":67},[45,127909,64],{"class":63},[45,127911,179],{"class":59},[1398,127913,37200,127915,8922,127917],{"id":127914},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127916,126420],{},[15,127918,927],{},[20,127920,127921,127923],{},[15,127922,126420],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[36,127925,127927],{"className":38,"code":127926,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127928,127929,127942,127946,127968],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127930,127931,127933,127935,127937,127940],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127932,34680],{"class":51},[45,127934,56],{"class":55},[45,127936,76],{"class":63},[45,127938,127939],{"class":67},"my_report.csv.backup",[45,127941,468],{"class":63},[45,127943,127944],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127945,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,127947,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,127949,153],{"class":152},[45,127951,156],{"class":59},[45,127953,34701],{"class":135},[45,127955,132],{"class":59},[45,127957,126468],{"class":135},[45,127959,156],{"class":59},[45,127961,64],{"class":63},[45,127963,126475],{"class":67},[45,127965,64],{"class":63},[45,127967,179],{"class":59},[45,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980,127982,127984],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,127971,153],{"class":152},[45,127973,156],{"class":59},[45,127975,64],{"class":63},[45,127977,126475],{"class":67},[45,127979,64],{"class":63},[45,127981,21352],{"class":921},[45,127983,42841],{"class":135},[45,127985,161],{"class":59},[20,127987,182],{},[36,127989,127990],{"className":38,"code":127486,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,127991,127992,127996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,127993,127994],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,127995,4266],{"class":4080},[45,127997,127998],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,127999,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,128001,8670,128003,128005],{"id":128002},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128004,126420],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128007,128008,128010],{},[15,128009,126420],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[36,128012,128014],{"className":38,"code":128013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128015,128016,128028,128050],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128017,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128019,126445],{"class":51},[45,128021,56],{"class":55},[45,128023,76],{"class":63},[45,128025,126452],{"class":67},[45,128027,468],{"class":63},[45,128029,128030,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042,128044,128046,128048],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128031,153],{"class":152},[45,128033,156],{"class":59},[45,128035,126463],{"class":135},[45,128037,132],{"class":59},[45,128039,126468],{"class":135},[45,128041,156],{"class":59},[45,128043,64],{"class":63},[45,128045,126475],{"class":67},[45,128047,64],{"class":63},[45,128049,179],{"class":59},[45,128051,128052,128054,128056,128058],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128053,153],{"class":152},[45,128055,156],{"class":59},[45,128057,126463],{"class":135},[45,128059,161],{"class":59},[20,128061,182],{},[36,128063,128065],{"className":38,"code":128064,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128066,128067,128071],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128068,128069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128070,4205],{"class":4080},[45,128072,128073,128076,128078],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128074,128075],{"class":51},"report",[45,128077,132],{"class":59},[45,128079,128080],{"class":1863},"csv\n",[20,128082,128083,128084,132],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[277,128085,128086],{"href":124530},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128088,66070],{},[258,128090,128091,128094,128097,128100],{},[261,128092,128093],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[261,128095,128096],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[261,128098,128099],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[261,128101,1797,128102,44630,128104,995,128106,111559],{},[15,128103,126420],{},[15,128105,124533],{},[15,128107,41652],{},[20,128109,30291],{},[36,128111,128113],{"className":38,"code":128112,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128114,128115,128125,128139,128161,128187],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128116,128117,128119,128121,128123],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128118,153],{"class":152},[45,128120,156],{"class":59},[45,128122,34701],{"class":135},[45,128124,161],{"class":59},[45,128126,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128128,153],{"class":152},[45,128130,156],{"class":59},[45,128132,41778],{"class":152},[45,128134,156],{"class":59},[45,128136,34701],{"class":135},[45,128138,179],{"class":59},[45,128140,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128142,153],{"class":152},[45,128144,156],{"class":59},[45,128146,34701],{"class":135},[45,128148,132],{"class":59},[45,128150,126468],{"class":135},[45,128152,156],{"class":59},[45,128154,198],{"class":63},[45,128156,126475],{"class":67},[45,128158,198],{"class":63},[45,128160,179],{"class":59},[45,128162,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,128164,153],{"class":152},[45,128166,156],{"class":59},[45,128168,34701],{"class":135},[45,128170,132],{"class":59},[45,128172,8858],{"class":135},[45,128174,8855],{"class":59},[45,128176,126468],{"class":135},[45,128178,156],{"class":59},[45,128180,198],{"class":63},[45,128182,126475],{"class":67},[45,128184,198],{"class":63},[45,128186,179],{"class":59},[45,128188,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,128190,153],{"class":152},[45,128192,156],{"class":59},[45,128194,1478],{"class":171},[45,128196,156],{"class":59},[45,128198,34701],{"class":135},[45,128200,179],{"class":59},[31,128202,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,128204,2062,128206,128208],{"id":128205},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128207,126420],{}," change the string?",[20,128210,128211,128212,995,128214,132],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128213,3831],{},[15,128215,3902],{},[1398,128217,5390,128219,128221],{"id":128218},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128220,126420],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128223,128224,128225,132],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128226,128227],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1398,128229,15096,128231,124698],{"id":128230},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128232,126420],{},[20,128234,128235,128236,995,128238,128241],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128237,124092],{},[15,128239,128240],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1398,128243,5400,128245,329,128247,2079],{"id":128244},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128246,126420],{},[15,128248,124357],{},[20,128250,128251,128253,128254,128256],{},[15,128252,126420],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128255,124357],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[31,128258,2114],{"id":2113},[258,128260,128261,128267,128273,128277,128281],{},[261,128262,128263],{},[277,128264,126362,128265,994],{"href":127727},[15,128266,127730],{},[261,128268,128269],{},[277,128270,126362,128271,994],{"href":124089},[15,128272,124092],{},[261,128274,128275],{},[277,128276,124761],{"href":123617},[261,128278,128279],{},[277,128280,124768],{"href":124530},[261,128282,128283],{},[277,128284,125117],{"href":50978},[2154,128286,128287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":128289},[128290,128291,128293,128294,128299,128300,128306,128307,128308,128316,128326],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":126528,"depth":121,"text":128292},"What endswith() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":126743,"depth":121,"text":126744,"children":128295},[128296,128297,128298],{"id":126657,"depth":142,"text":126657},{"id":36067,"depth":142,"text":36067},{"id":52664,"depth":142,"text":52664},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":127156,"depth":121,"text":127157,"children":128301},[128302,128303,128304,128305],{"id":127160,"depth":142,"text":127161},{"id":127214,"depth":142,"text":127215},{"id":127271,"depth":142,"text":127272},{"id":127325,"depth":142,"text":127326},{"id":124008,"depth":121,"text":124009},{"id":127559,"depth":121,"text":127560},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":128309},[128310,128311,128312,128314],{"id":127739,"depth":142,"text":127740},{"id":127817,"depth":142,"text":127818},{"id":127914,"depth":142,"text":128313},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128002,"depth":142,"text":128315},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":128317},[128318,128320,128322,128324],{"id":128205,"depth":142,"text":128319},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128218,"depth":142,"text":128321},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128230,"depth":142,"text":128323},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128244,"depth":142,"text":128325},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126412,"description":128327},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128334,"title":128335,"body":128336,"description":130004,"extension":2195,"meta":130005,"navigation":145,"path":130006,"seo":130007,"stem":130008,"__hash__":130009},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128337,"toc":129977},[128338,128343,128348,128353,128358,128451,128461,128466,128471,128486,128488,128570,128578,128580,128582,128609,128611,128627,128634,128636,128744,128746,128751,128767,128769,128864,128872,128875,128881,128886,128891,128898,129037,129040,129053,129055,129059,129066,129136,129139,129188,129195,129202,129216,129221,129226,129272,129318,129334,129336,129341,129355,129358,129480,129485,129487,129492,129525,129528,129604,129606,129615,129629,129632,129716,129719,129830,129833,129861,129863,129870,129874,129880,129883,129889,129892,129899,129910,129916,129923,129925,129974],[10,128339,123362,128341,18],{"id":128340},"python-string-find-method",[15,128342,124357],{},[20,128344,123367,128345,128347],{},[15,128346,124357],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128349,128350,128351,132],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128352,65861],{},[20,128354,1006,128355,128357],{},[15,128356,124357],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[36,128359,128361],{"className":38,"code":128360,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128362,128363,128375,128398,128411,128415,128438],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128364,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128366,34680],{"class":51},[45,128368,56],{"class":55},[45,128370,76],{"class":63},[45,128372,60412],{"class":67},[45,128374,468],{"class":63},[45,128376,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128378,64926],{"class":51},[45,128380,56],{"class":55},[45,128382,42841],{"class":51},[45,128384,132],{"class":59},[45,128386,128387],{"class":135},"find",[45,128389,156],{"class":59},[45,128391,64],{"class":63},[45,128393,60597],{"class":67},[45,128395,64],{"class":63},[45,128397,161],{"class":59},[45,128399,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128401,153],{"class":152},[45,128403,156],{"class":59},[45,128405,64953],{"class":135},[45,128407,3889],{"class":59},[45,128409,128410],{"class":1712},"   # 6\n",[45,128412,128413],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,128414,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,128416,128417,128420,128422,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,128418,128419],{"class":51},"missing ",[45,128421,56],{"class":55},[45,128423,42841],{"class":51},[45,128425,132],{"class":59},[45,128427,128387],{"class":135},[45,128429,156],{"class":59},[45,128431,64],{"class":63},[45,128433,40],{"class":67},[45,128435,64],{"class":63},[45,128437,161],{"class":59},[45,128439,128440,128442,128444,128446,128448],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,128441,153],{"class":152},[45,128443,156],{"class":59},[45,128445,26929],{"class":135},[45,128447,3889],{"class":59},[45,128449,128450],{"class":1712},"    # -1\n",[43580,128452,128453],{},[20,128454,1006,128455,128457,128458,128460],{},[15,128456,124357],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128459,65861],{}," if the substring is not found.",[31,128462,253,128464,256],{"id":128463},"what-find-does",[15,128465,124357],{},[20,128467,128468,128470],{},[15,128469,124357],{}," is a string method that:",[258,128472,128473,128476,128479,128484],{},[261,128474,128475],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[261,128477,128478],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[261,128480,11629,128481,128483],{},[15,128482,65861],{}," if no match is found",[261,128485,126548],{},[20,128487,361],{},[36,128489,128491],{"className":38,"code":128490,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128492,128493,128505,128509,128533,128557],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128494,128495,128497,128499,128501,128503],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128496,34680],{"class":51},[45,128498,56],{"class":55},[45,128500,76],{"class":63},[45,128502,1042],{"class":67},[45,128504,468],{"class":63},[45,128506,128507],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128508,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,128510,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519,128521,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128512,153],{"class":152},[45,128514,156],{"class":59},[45,128516,34701],{"class":135},[45,128518,132],{"class":59},[45,128520,128387],{"class":135},[45,128522,156],{"class":59},[45,128524,64],{"class":63},[45,128526,123455],{"class":67},[45,128528,64],{"class":63},[45,128530,5582],{"class":59},[45,128532,57650],{"class":1712},[45,128534,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,128536,153],{"class":152},[45,128538,156],{"class":59},[45,128540,34701],{"class":135},[45,128542,132],{"class":59},[45,128544,128387],{"class":135},[45,128546,156],{"class":59},[45,128548,64],{"class":63},[45,128550,2403],{"class":67},[45,128552,64],{"class":63},[45,128554,5582],{"class":59},[45,128556,128450],{"class":1712},[45,128558,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,128560,153],{"class":152},[45,128562,156],{"class":59},[45,128564,34701],{"class":135},[45,128566,3889],{"class":59},[45,128568,128569],{"class":1712},"              # banana\n",[20,128571,20949,128572,128575,128576,132],{},[15,128573,128574],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128577,1133],{},[31,128579,284],{"id":283},[20,128581,2389],{},[36,128583,128585],{"className":38,"code":128584,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128586,128587],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128588,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128590,61180],{"class":51},[45,128592,132],{"class":59},[45,128594,128387],{"class":135},[45,128596,156],{"class":59},[45,128598,947],{"class":135},[45,128600,84],{"class":59},[45,128602,36046],{"class":135},[45,128604,84],{"class":59},[45,128606,65047],{"class":135},[45,128608,161],{"class":59},[1398,128610,17577],{"id":17576},[258,128612,128613,128617,128622],{},[261,128614,128615,123554],{},[15,128616,947],{},[261,128618,128619,128621],{},[15,128620,36067],{},": optional starting position",[261,128623,128624,128626],{},[15,128625,52664],{},": optional ending position",[20,128628,128629,329,128631,128633],{},[15,128630,36067],{},[15,128632,52664],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128635,126691],{},[36,128637,128639],{"className":38,"code":128638,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128640,128641,128653,128657,128682,128711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128642,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128644,34680],{"class":51},[45,128646,56],{"class":55},[45,128648,76],{"class":63},[45,128650,60412],{"class":67},[45,128652,468],{"class":63},[45,128654,128655],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128656,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,128658,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128660,153],{"class":152},[45,128662,156],{"class":59},[45,128664,34701],{"class":135},[45,128666,132],{"class":59},[45,128668,128387],{"class":135},[45,128670,156],{"class":59},[45,128672,64],{"class":63},[45,128674,60479],{"class":67},[45,128676,64],{"class":63},[45,128678,5582],{"class":59},[45,128680,128681],{"class":1712},"        # 4\n",[45,128683,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,128685,153],{"class":152},[45,128687,156],{"class":59},[45,128689,34701],{"class":135},[45,128691,132],{"class":59},[45,128693,128387],{"class":135},[45,128695,156],{"class":59},[45,128697,64],{"class":63},[45,128699,60479],{"class":67},[45,128701,64],{"class":63},[45,128703,84],{"class":59},[45,128705,4828],{"class":96},[45,128707,5582],{"class":59},[45,128709,128710],{"class":1712},"     # 7\n",[45,128712,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735,128737,128739,128741],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,128714,153],{"class":152},[45,128716,156],{"class":59},[45,128718,34701],{"class":135},[45,128720,132],{"class":59},[45,128722,128387],{"class":135},[45,128724,156],{"class":59},[45,128726,64],{"class":63},[45,128728,60479],{"class":67},[45,128730,64],{"class":63},[45,128732,84],{"class":59},[45,128734,4828],{"class":96},[45,128736,84],{"class":59},[45,128738,6214],{"class":96},[45,128740,5582],{"class":59},[45,128742,128743],{"class":1712},"  # -1\n",[31,128745,38017],{"id":38016},[20,128747,57549,128748,128750],{},[15,128749,124357],{}," is always an integer.",[258,128752,128753,128759,128762],{},[261,128754,128755,128756,128758],{},"A number ",[15,128757,1117],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[261,128760,128761],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[261,128763,128764,128766],{},[15,128765,65861],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128768,361],{},[36,128770,128772],{"className":38,"code":128771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128773,128774,128786,128790,128815,128840],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128775,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128777,34680],{"class":51},[45,128779,56],{"class":55},[45,128781,76],{"class":63},[45,128783,40],{"class":67},[45,128785,468],{"class":63},[45,128787,128788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128789,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,128791,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128809,128811,128813],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128793,153],{"class":152},[45,128795,156],{"class":59},[45,128797,34701],{"class":135},[45,128799,132],{"class":59},[45,128801,128387],{"class":135},[45,128803,156],{"class":59},[45,128805,64],{"class":63},[45,128807,128808],{"class":67},"py",[45,128810,64],{"class":63},[45,128812,5582],{"class":59},[45,128814,20946],{"class":1712},[45,128816,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128834,128836,128838],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,128818,153],{"class":152},[45,128820,156],{"class":59},[45,128822,34701],{"class":135},[45,128824,132],{"class":59},[45,128826,128387],{"class":135},[45,128828,156],{"class":59},[45,128830,64],{"class":63},[45,128832,128833],{"class":67},"th",[45,128835,64],{"class":63},[45,128837,5582],{"class":59},[45,128839,57650],{"class":1712},[45,128841,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850,128852,128854,128856,128858,128860,128862],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,128843,153],{"class":152},[45,128845,156],{"class":59},[45,128847,34701],{"class":135},[45,128849,132],{"class":59},[45,128851,128387],{"class":135},[45,128853,156],{"class":59},[45,128855,64],{"class":63},[45,128857,22252],{"class":67},[45,128859,64],{"class":63},[45,128861,5582],{"class":59},[45,128863,128450],{"class":1712},[20,128865,89917,128866,8673,128868,995,128870,132],{},[15,128867,124357],{},[15,128869,3831],{},[15,128871,3902],{},[20,128873,128874],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[31,128876,1797,128877,329,128879],{"id":65413},[15,128878,36067],{},[15,128880,52664],{},[20,128882,1006,128883,128885],{},[15,128884,36067],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128887,1006,128888,128890],{},[15,128889,52664],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128892,2212,128893,75469,128895,128897],{},[15,128894,52664],{},[355,128896,65076],{}," in the search.",[36,128899,128901],{"className":38,"code":128900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128902,128903,128916,128920,128944,128973,129005],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,128904,128905,128907,128909,128911,128914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,128906,34680],{"class":51},[45,128908,56],{"class":55},[45,128910,76],{"class":63},[45,128912,128913],{"class":67},"one two three two",[45,128915,468],{"class":63},[45,128917,128918],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,128919,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,128921,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,128923,153],{"class":152},[45,128925,156],{"class":59},[45,128927,34701],{"class":135},[45,128929,132],{"class":59},[45,128931,128387],{"class":135},[45,128933,156],{"class":59},[45,128935,64],{"class":63},[45,128937,79278],{"class":67},[45,128939,64],{"class":63},[45,128941,5582],{"class":59},[45,128943,128681],{"class":1712},[45,128945,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,128947,153],{"class":152},[45,128949,156],{"class":59},[45,128951,34701],{"class":135},[45,128953,132],{"class":59},[45,128955,128387],{"class":135},[45,128957,156],{"class":59},[45,128959,64],{"class":63},[45,128961,79278],{"class":67},[45,128963,64],{"class":63},[45,128965,84],{"class":59},[45,128967,4828],{"class":96},[45,128969,5582],{"class":59},[45,128971,128972],{"class":1712},"     # 14\n",[45,128974,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,128976,153],{"class":152},[45,128978,156],{"class":59},[45,128980,34701],{"class":135},[45,128982,132],{"class":59},[45,128984,128387],{"class":135},[45,128986,156],{"class":59},[45,128988,64],{"class":63},[45,128990,79278],{"class":67},[45,128992,64],{"class":63},[45,128994,84],{"class":59},[45,128996,4061],{"class":96},[45,128998,84],{"class":59},[45,129000,6214],{"class":96},[45,129002,5582],{"class":59},[45,129004,50938],{"class":1712},[45,129006,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,129008,153],{"class":152},[45,129010,156],{"class":59},[45,129012,34701],{"class":135},[45,129014,132],{"class":59},[45,129016,128387],{"class":135},[45,129018,156],{"class":59},[45,129020,64],{"class":63},[45,129022,79278],{"class":67},[45,129024,64],{"class":63},[45,129026,84],{"class":59},[45,129028,4061],{"class":96},[45,129030,84],{"class":59},[45,129032,2687],{"class":96},[45,129034,5582],{"class":59},[45,129036,128743],{"class":1712},[20,129038,129039],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129041,129042,129043,55073,129047,132],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[277,129044,129046],{"href":129045},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[277,129048,129050,129052],{"href":129049},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129051,60537],{}," string method",[31,129054,124009],{"id":124008},[20,129056,129057,123820],{},[15,129058,124357],{},[20,129060,127407,129061,329,129063,129065],{},[15,129062,90425],{},[15,129064,64541],{}," are treated as different text.",[36,129067,129069],{"className":38,"code":129068,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129070,129071,129084,129088,129112],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129072,129073,129075,129077,129079,129082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129074,34680],{"class":51},[45,129076,56],{"class":55},[45,129078,76],{"class":63},[45,129080,129081],{"class":67},"Hello World",[45,129083,468],{"class":63},[45,129085,129086],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129087,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129089,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098,129100,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129091,153],{"class":152},[45,129093,156],{"class":59},[45,129095,34701],{"class":135},[45,129097,132],{"class":59},[45,129099,128387],{"class":135},[45,129101,156],{"class":59},[45,129103,64],{"class":63},[45,129105,34860],{"class":67},[45,129107,64],{"class":63},[45,129109,5582],{"class":59},[45,129111,51250],{"class":1712},[45,129113,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122,129124,129126,129128,129130,129132,129134],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,129115,153],{"class":152},[45,129117,156],{"class":59},[45,129119,34701],{"class":135},[45,129121,132],{"class":59},[45,129123,128387],{"class":135},[45,129125,156],{"class":59},[45,129127,64],{"class":63},[45,129129,4073],{"class":67},[45,129131,64],{"class":63},[45,129133,5582],{"class":59},[45,129135,128743],{"class":1712},[20,129137,129138],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[36,129140,129142],{"className":38,"code":129141,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129143,129144,129156,129160],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129145,129146,129148,129150,129152,129154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129147,34680],{"class":51},[45,129149,56],{"class":55},[45,129151,76],{"class":63},[45,129153,129081],{"class":67},[45,129155,468],{"class":63},[45,129157,129158],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129159,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129161,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184,129186],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129163,153],{"class":152},[45,129165,156],{"class":59},[45,129167,34701],{"class":135},[45,129169,132],{"class":59},[45,129171,8858],{"class":135},[45,129173,8855],{"class":59},[45,129175,128387],{"class":135},[45,129177,156],{"class":59},[45,129179,64],{"class":63},[45,129181,4073],{"class":67},[45,129183,64],{"class":63},[45,129185,5582],{"class":59},[45,129187,51250],{"class":1712},[31,129189,129191,1174,129193],{"id":129190},"find-vs-index",[15,129192,124357],{},[15,129194,58973],{},[20,129196,129197,329,129199,129201],{},[15,129198,124357],{},[15,129200,58973],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[258,129203,129204,129210],{},[261,129205,129206,2627,129208],{},[15,129207,124357],{},[15,129209,65861],{},[261,129211,129212,52498,129214],{},[15,129213,58973],{},[15,129215,40702],{},[20,129217,1006,129218,129220],{},[15,129219,124357],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129222,1006,129223,129225],{},[15,129224,58973],{}," when the value must exist.",[36,129227,129229],{"className":38,"code":129228,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129230,129231,129243,129247],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129232,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129234,34680],{"class":51},[45,129236,56],{"class":55},[45,129238,76],{"class":63},[45,129240,4073],{"class":67},[45,129242,468],{"class":63},[45,129244,129245],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129246,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129248,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257,129259,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129250,153],{"class":152},[45,129252,156],{"class":59},[45,129254,34701],{"class":135},[45,129256,132],{"class":59},[45,129258,128387],{"class":135},[45,129260,156],{"class":59},[45,129262,64],{"class":63},[45,129264,2403],{"class":67},[45,129266,64],{"class":63},[45,129268,5582],{"class":59},[45,129270,129271],{"class":1712},"   # -1\n",[36,129273,129275],{"className":38,"code":129274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129276,129277,129289,129293],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129278,129279,129281,129283,129285,129287],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129280,34680],{"class":51},[45,129282,56],{"class":55},[45,129284,76],{"class":63},[45,129286,4073],{"class":67},[45,129288,468],{"class":63},[45,129290,129291],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129292,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129294,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129296,153],{"class":152},[45,129298,156],{"class":59},[45,129300,34701],{"class":135},[45,129302,132],{"class":59},[45,129304,35840],{"class":135},[45,129306,156],{"class":59},[45,129308,64],{"class":63},[45,129310,2403],{"class":67},[45,129312,64],{"class":63},[45,129314,5582],{"class":59},[45,129316,129317],{"class":1712},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129319,129320,129321,129325,129326,129328,129329,132],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[277,129322,129323,129052],{"href":124382},[15,129324,58973],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129327,58973],{},", read ",[277,129330,1495,129331],{"href":73489},[15,129332,129333],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[31,129335,41044],{"id":41043},[20,129337,35399,129338,129340],{},[15,129339,124357],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[258,129342,129343,129346,129349,129352],{},[261,129344,129345],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[261,129347,129348],{},"Get the position of a word",[261,129350,129351],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[261,129353,129354],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129356,129357],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[36,129359,129361],{"className":38,"code":129360,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129362,129363,129376,129399,129403,129418,129434,129453,129467],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129364,129365,129367,129369,129371,129374],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129366,34680],{"class":51},[45,129368,56],{"class":55},[45,129370,76],{"class":63},[45,129372,129373],{"class":67},"name:Alice",[45,129375,468],{"class":63},[45,129377,129378,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129379,129380],{"class":51},"colon_pos ",[45,129382,56],{"class":55},[45,129384,42841],{"class":51},[45,129386,132],{"class":59},[45,129388,128387],{"class":135},[45,129390,156],{"class":59},[45,129392,64],{"class":63},[45,129394,73],{"class":67},[45,129396,64],{"class":63},[45,129398,161],{"class":59},[45,129400,129401],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129402,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129404,129405,129407,129410,129412,129414,129416],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,129406,7219],{"class":921},[45,129408,129409],{"class":51}," colon_pos ",[45,129411,72599],{"class":55},[45,129413,2452],{"class":55},[45,129415,1430],{"class":96},[45,129417,6614],{"class":59},[45,129419,129420,129423,129425,129427,129429,129432],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,129421,129422],{"class":51},"    label ",[45,129424,56],{"class":55},[45,129426,42841],{"class":51},[45,129428,75542],{"class":59},[45,129430,129431],{"class":51},"colon_pos",[45,129433,244],{"class":59},[45,129435,129436,129438,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,129437,27557],{"class":51},[45,129439,56],{"class":55},[45,129441,42841],{"class":51},[45,129443,223],{"class":59},[45,129445,129380],{"class":51},[45,129447,2291],{"class":55},[45,129449,1049],{"class":96},[45,129451,129452],{"class":59},":]\n",[45,129454,129455,129457,129459,129462,129464],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,129456,942],{"class":152},[45,129458,156],{"class":59},[45,129460,129461],{"class":135},"label",[45,129463,3889],{"class":59},[45,129465,129466],{"class":1712},"  # name\n",[45,129468,129469,129471,129473,129475,129477],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,129470,942],{"class":152},[45,129472,156],{"class":59},[45,129474,947],{"class":135},[45,129476,3889],{"class":59},[45,129478,129479],{"class":1712},"  # Alice\n",[20,129481,129482,129483,132],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[277,129484,127398],{"href":123617},[31,129486,3061],{"id":3060},[20,129488,129489,129490,73],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129491,124357],{},[258,129493,129494,129503,129509,129514,129520],{},[261,129495,8670,129496,8673,129498,995,129500,129502],{},[15,129497,124357],{},[15,129499,3831],{},[15,129501,3902],{}," instead of an index",[261,129504,129505,129506,129508],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129507,65861],{}," when the substring is missing",[261,129510,1797,129511,129513],{},[15,129512,124357],{}," without handling case differences",[261,129515,37200,129516,8922,129518],{},[15,129517,124357],{},[15,129519,58973],{},[261,129521,1503,129522,129524],{},[15,129523,124357],{}," changes the string",[20,129526,129527],{},"Example of a mistake:",[36,129529,129531],{"className":38,"code":129530,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129532,129533,129545,129549,129569,129584,129590],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129534,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129536,34680],{"class":51},[45,129538,56],{"class":55},[45,129540,76],{"class":63},[45,129542,4073],{"class":67},[45,129544,468],{"class":63},[45,129546,129547],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129548,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129550,129551,129553,129555,129557,129559,129561,129563,129565,129567],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129552,7219],{"class":921},[45,129554,42841],{"class":51},[45,129556,132],{"class":59},[45,129558,128387],{"class":135},[45,129560,156],{"class":59},[45,129562,64],{"class":63},[45,129564,60444],{"class":67},[45,129566,64],{"class":63},[45,129568,8559],{"class":59},[45,129570,129571,129573,129575,129577,129580,129582],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,129572,942],{"class":152},[45,129574,156],{"class":59},[45,129576,64],{"class":63},[45,129578,129579],{"class":67},"Found",[45,129581,64],{"class":63},[45,129583,161],{"class":59},[45,129585,129586,129588],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,129587,27590],{"class":921},[45,129589,6614],{"class":59},[45,129591,129592,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,129593,942],{"class":152},[45,129595,156],{"class":59},[45,129597,64],{"class":63},[45,129599,26471],{"class":67},[45,129601,64],{"class":63},[45,129603,161],{"class":59},[20,129605,99923],{},[36,129607,129609],{"className":38,"code":129608,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Not found\n",[15,129610,129611],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129612,129613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129614,129608],{"class":51},[20,129616,45704,129617,129620,129621,17257,129623,129625,129626,129628],{},[15,129618,129619],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129622,1117],{},[15,129624,1117],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129627,7219],{}," statement.",[20,129630,129631],{},"A safer version is:",[36,129633,129635],{"className":38,"code":129634,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129636,129637,129649,129653,129682,129696,129702],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129638,129639,129641,129643,129645,129647],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129640,34680],{"class":51},[45,129642,56],{"class":55},[45,129644,76],{"class":63},[45,129646,4073],{"class":67},[45,129648,468],{"class":63},[45,129650,129651],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129652,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,129654,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671,129673,129676,129678,129680],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129656,7219],{"class":921},[45,129658,42841],{"class":51},[45,129660,132],{"class":59},[45,129662,128387],{"class":135},[45,129664,156],{"class":59},[45,129666,64],{"class":63},[45,129668,60444],{"class":67},[45,129670,64],{"class":63},[45,129672,3889],{"class":59},[45,129674,129675],{"class":55}," !=",[45,129677,2452],{"class":55},[45,129679,1430],{"class":96},[45,129681,6614],{"class":59},[45,129683,129684,129686,129688,129690,129692,129694],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,129685,942],{"class":152},[45,129687,156],{"class":59},[45,129689,64],{"class":63},[45,129691,129579],{"class":67},[45,129693,64],{"class":63},[45,129695,161],{"class":59},[45,129697,129698,129700],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,129699,27590],{"class":921},[45,129701,6614],{"class":59},[45,129703,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712,129714],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,129705,942],{"class":152},[45,129707,156],{"class":59},[45,129709,64],{"class":63},[45,129711,26471],{"class":67},[45,129713,64],{"class":63},[45,129715,161],{"class":59},[20,129717,129718],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[36,129720,129722],{"className":38,"code":129721,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129723,129724,129746,129760,129786,129800],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,129725,129726,129728,129730,129732,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,129727,153],{"class":152},[45,129729,156],{"class":59},[45,129731,34701],{"class":135},[45,129733,132],{"class":59},[45,129735,128387],{"class":135},[45,129737,156],{"class":59},[45,129739,198],{"class":63},[45,129741,38388],{"class":67},[45,129743,198],{"class":63},[45,129745,179],{"class":59},[45,129747,129748,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,129749,153],{"class":152},[45,129751,156],{"class":59},[45,129753,41778],{"class":152},[45,129755,156],{"class":59},[45,129757,34701],{"class":135},[45,129759,179],{"class":59},[45,129761,129762,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772,129774,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,129763,153],{"class":152},[45,129765,156],{"class":59},[45,129767,34701],{"class":135},[45,129769,132],{"class":59},[45,129771,8858],{"class":135},[45,129773,8855],{"class":59},[45,129775,128387],{"class":135},[45,129777,156],{"class":59},[45,129779,198],{"class":63},[45,129781,38388],{"class":67},[45,129783,198],{"class":63},[45,129785,179],{"class":59},[45,129787,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,129789,153],{"class":152},[45,129791,156],{"class":59},[45,129793,11369],{"class":152},[45,129795,156],{"class":59},[45,129797,34701],{"class":135},[45,129799,179],{"class":59},[45,129801,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816,129818,129820,129822,129824,129826,129828],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,129803,153],{"class":152},[45,129805,156],{"class":59},[45,129807,34701],{"class":135},[45,129809,132],{"class":59},[45,129811,128387],{"class":135},[45,129813,156],{"class":59},[45,129815,198],{"class":63},[45,129817,38388],{"class":67},[45,129819,198],{"class":63},[45,129821,84],{"class":59},[45,129823,36046],{"class":135},[45,129825,84],{"class":59},[45,129827,65047],{"class":135},[45,129829,179],{"class":59},[20,129831,129832],{},"These help you check:",[258,129834,129835,129840,129845,129850,129853],{},[261,129836,129837,129838],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129839,124357],{},[261,129841,129842,129843],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129844,122576],{},[261,129846,129847,129848],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129849,124092],{},[261,129851,129852],{},"The string length",[261,129854,129855,129856,329,129858,129860],{},"Whether your ",[15,129857,36067],{},[15,129859,52664],{}," values are correct",[31,129862,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,129864,129866,129867,129869],{"id":129865},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129868,124357],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129871,1610,129872,132],{},[15,129873,65861],{},[1398,129875,2062,129877,129879],{"id":129876},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129878,124357],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129881,129882],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1398,129884,129886,129887,124698],{"id":129885},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129888,124357],{},[20,129890,129891],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1398,129893,5400,129895,329,129897,69662],{"id":129894},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129896,124357],{},[15,129898,58973],{},[20,129900,129901,2627,129903,129905,129906,52498,129908,132],{},[15,129902,124357],{},[15,129904,65861],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129907,58973],{},[15,129909,40702],{},[1398,129911,28485,129913,129915],{"id":129912},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129914,124357],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129917,129918,129919,329,129921,66160],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129920,36067],{},[15,129922,52664],{},[31,129924,2114],{"id":2113},[258,129926,129927,129933,129939,129946,129952,129959,129963,129968],{},[261,129928,129929],{},[277,129930,126362,129931,994],{"href":124382},[15,129932,58973],{},[261,129934,129935],{},[277,129936,126362,129937,994],{"href":129049},[15,129938,60537],{},[261,129940,129941],{},[277,129942,126362,129944,994],{"href":129943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129945,124533],{},[261,129947,129948],{},[277,129949,126362,129950,994],{"href":127727},[15,129951,127730],{},[261,129953,129954],{},[277,129955,126362,129957,994],{"href":129956},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129958,126420],{},[261,129960,129961],{},[277,129962,124761],{"href":123617},[261,129964,129965],{},[277,129966,129967],{"href":129045},"How to split a string in Python",[261,129969,129970],{},[277,129971,26278,129972],{"href":73489},[15,129973,129333],{},[2154,129975,129976],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":129978},[129979,129981,129984,129985,129986,129987,129989,129990,129991,130003],{"id":128463,"depth":121,"text":129980},"What find() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":129982},[129983],{"id":17576,"depth":142,"text":17577},{"id":38016,"depth":121,"text":38017},{"id":65413,"depth":121,"text":66196},{"id":124008,"depth":121,"text":124009},{"id":129190,"depth":121,"text":129988},"find() vs index()",{"id":41043,"depth":121,"text":41044},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":129992},[129993,129995,129997,129999,130001],{"id":129865,"depth":142,"text":129994},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129876,"depth":142,"text":129996},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129885,"depth":142,"text":129998},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129894,"depth":142,"text":130000},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129912,"depth":142,"text":130002},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128335,"description":130004},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130011,"title":130012,"body":130013,"description":131939,"extension":2195,"meta":131940,"navigation":145,"path":131941,"seo":131942,"stem":131943,"__hash__":131944},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130014,"toc":131907},[130015,130020,130025,130028,130030,130106,130110,130138,130146,130150,130155,130159,130176,130178,130245,130249,130271,130279,130281,130284,130308,130311,130325,130327,130412,130416,130428,130431,130435,130441,130491,130495,130512,130521,130524,130532,130535,130584,130588,130613,130616,130671,130675,130687,130693,130697,130703,130708,130775,130779,130805,130808,130819,130821,130888,130892,130917,130924,130928,130933,130940,130948,130950,131002,131006,131024,131026,131071,131075,131090,131093,131103,131110,131112,131116,131119,131130,131132,131192,131196,131224,131227,131233,131238,131241,131245,131289,131292,131330,131333,131341,131343,131348,131352,131355,131403,131406,131409,131465,131469,131474,131477,131526,131528,131577,131583,131588,131590,131637,131641,131654,131656,131707,131713,131716,131720,131723,131729,131734,131736,131739,131811,131814,131831,131833,131838,131841,131845,131851,131857,131864,131870,131876,131878,131904],[10,130016,123362,130018,18],{"id":130017},"python-string-format-method",[15,130019,126365],{},[20,130021,123367,130022,130024],{},[15,130023,126365],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130026,130027],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[31,130029,34],{"id":33},[36,130031,130033],{"className":38,"code":130032,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130034,130035,130047,130055,130059,130096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130036,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130038,8097],{"class":51},[45,130040,56],{"class":55},[45,130042,76],{"class":63},[45,130044,11711],{"class":67},[45,130046,468],{"class":63},[45,130048,130049,130051,130053],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130050,21805],{"class":51},[45,130052,56],{"class":55},[45,130054,88806],{"class":96},[45,130056,130057],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,130058,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,130060,130061,130063,130065,130067,130070,130072,130075,130077,130079,130081,130083,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,130062,90014],{"class":51},[45,130064,56],{"class":55},[45,130066,76],{"class":63},[45,130068,130069],{"class":67},"My name is ",[45,130071,4020],{"class":96},[45,130073,130074],{"class":67}," and I am ",[45,130076,4020],{"class":96},[45,130078,122358],{"class":67},[45,130080,64],{"class":63},[45,130082,132],{"class":59},[45,130084,130085],{"class":135},"format",[45,130087,156],{"class":59},[45,130089,68],{"class":135},[45,130091,84],{"class":59},[45,130093,9406],{"class":135},[45,130095,161],{"class":59},[45,130097,130098,130100,130102,130104],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,130099,153],{"class":152},[45,130101,156],{"class":59},[45,130103,90031],{"class":135},[45,130105,161],{"class":59},[20,130107,130108],{},[355,130109,182],{},[36,130111,130113],{"className":38,"code":130112,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130114,130115],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130116,130117,130120,130122,130125,130128,130131,130134,130136],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130118,130119],{"class":51},"My name ",[45,130121,12395],{"class":55},[45,130123,130124],{"class":51}," Maya ",[45,130126,130127],{"class":55},"and",[45,130129,130130],{"class":51}," I am ",[45,130132,130133],{"class":96},"12",[45,130135,122391],{"class":51},[45,130137,122394],{"class":59},[20,130139,1006,130140,130142,130143,130145],{},[15,130141,4020],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130144,126365],{}," in the same order.",[20,130147,125114,130148,132],{},[277,130149,125117],{"href":50978},[31,130151,13195,130153,13198],{"id":130152},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130154,126365],{},[20,130156,2212,130157,11618],{},[15,130158,126365],{},[258,130160,130161,130164,130170,130173],{},[261,130162,130163],{},"inserts values into a string",[261,130165,130166,130167,130169],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130168,4020],{}," with given values",[261,130171,130172],{},"returns a new string",[261,130174,130175],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130177,361],{},[36,130179,130181],{"className":38,"code":130180,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130182,130183,130197,130220,130224,130235],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130184,130185,130187,130189,130191,130193,130195],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130186,34680],{"class":51},[45,130188,56],{"class":55},[45,130190,76],{"class":63},[45,130192,44902],{"class":67},[45,130194,4020],{"class":96},[45,130196,468],{"class":63},[45,130198,130199,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130200,130201],{"class":51},"new_text ",[45,130203,56],{"class":55},[45,130205,42841],{"class":51},[45,130207,132],{"class":59},[45,130209,130085],{"class":135},[45,130211,156],{"class":59},[45,130213,64],{"class":63},[45,130215,7898],{"class":67},[45,130217,64],{"class":63},[45,130219,161],{"class":59},[45,130221,130222],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,130223,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,130225,130226,130228,130230,130233],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,130227,153],{"class":152},[45,130229,156],{"class":59},[45,130231,130232],{"class":135},"new_text",[45,130234,161],{"class":59},[45,130236,130237,130239,130241,130243],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,130238,153],{"class":152},[45,130240,156],{"class":59},[45,130242,34701],{"class":135},[45,130244,161],{"class":59},[20,130246,130247],{},[355,130248,182],{},[36,130250,130252],{"className":38,"code":130251,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130253,130254,130263],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130255,130256,130258,130260],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130257,34860],{"class":51},[45,130259,84],{"class":59},[45,130261,130262],{"class":51}," Sam\n",[45,130264,130265,130267,130269],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130266,34860],{"class":51},[45,130268,84],{"class":59},[45,130270,10050],{"class":59},[20,130272,2515,130273,130275,130276,130278],{},[15,130274,34701],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130277,126365],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[31,130280,284],{"id":283},[20,130282,130283],{},"The general form is:",[36,130285,130287],{"className":38,"code":130286,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130288,130289],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130290,130291,130293,130296,130298,130300,130302,130304,130306],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130292,64],{"class":43328},[45,130294,130295],{"class":43332},"text {}",[45,130297,64],{"class":43328},[45,130299,132],{"class":59},[45,130301,130085],{"class":135},[45,130303,156],{"class":59},[45,130305,947],{"class":135},[45,130307,161],{"class":59},[20,130309,130310],{},"Key idea:",[258,130312,130313,130319,130322],{},[261,130314,130315,130316,130318],{},"each ",[15,130317,4020],{}," is a placeholder",[261,130320,130321],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[261,130323,130324],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130326,361],{},[36,130328,130330],{"className":38,"code":130329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130331,130332,130345,130359,130363,130401],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130333,130334,130337,130339,130341,130343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130335,130336],{"class":51},"animal ",[45,130338,56],{"class":55},[45,130340,76],{"class":63},[45,130342,37043],{"class":67},[45,130344,468],{"class":63},[45,130346,130347,130350,130352,130354,130357],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130348,130349],{"class":51},"sound ",[45,130351,56],{"class":55},[45,130353,76],{"class":63},[45,130355,130356],{"class":67},"meow",[45,130358,468],{"class":63},[45,130360,130361],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,130362,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,130364,130365,130368,130370,130372,130374,130376,130379,130381,130383,130385,130387,130389,130391,130394,130396,130399],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,130366,130367],{"class":51},"sentence ",[45,130369,56],{"class":55},[45,130371,76],{"class":63},[45,130373,2212],{"class":67},[45,130375,4020],{"class":96},[45,130377,130378],{"class":67}," says ",[45,130380,4020],{"class":96},[45,130382,132],{"class":67},[45,130384,64],{"class":63},[45,130386,132],{"class":59},[45,130388,130085],{"class":135},[45,130390,156],{"class":59},[45,130392,130393],{"class":135},"animal",[45,130395,84],{"class":59},[45,130397,130398],{"class":135}," sound",[45,130400,161],{"class":59},[45,130402,130403,130405,130407,130410],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,130404,153],{"class":152},[45,130406,156],{"class":59},[45,130408,130409],{"class":135},"sentence",[45,130411,161],{"class":59},[20,130413,130414],{},[355,130415,182],{},[36,130417,130419],{"className":38,"code":130418,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130420,130421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130422,130423,130426],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130424,130425],{"class":51},"The cat says meow",[45,130427,122394],{"class":59},[20,130429,130430],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[31,130432,130434],{"id":130433},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130436,130437,130438,130440],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130439,4020],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[36,130442,130444],{"className":38,"code":130443,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130445,130446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130447,130448,130450,130452,130454,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467,130469,130471,130473,130475,130478,130480,130482,130484,130487,130489],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130449,153],{"class":152},[45,130451,156],{"class":59},[45,130453,64],{"class":63},[45,130455,130456],{"class":67},"I like ",[45,130458,4020],{"class":96},[45,130460,329],{"class":67},[45,130462,4020],{"class":96},[45,130464,132],{"class":67},[45,130466,64],{"class":63},[45,130468,132],{"class":59},[45,130470,130085],{"class":135},[45,130472,156],{"class":59},[45,130474,64],{"class":63},[45,130476,130477],{"class":67},"pizza",[45,130479,64],{"class":63},[45,130481,84],{"class":59},[45,130483,76],{"class":63},[45,130485,130486],{"class":67},"pasta",[45,130488,64],{"class":63},[45,130490,179],{"class":59},[20,130492,130493],{},[355,130494,182],{},[36,130496,130498],{"className":38,"code":130497,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130499,130500],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130501,130502,130505,130507,130510],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130503,130504],{"class":51},"I like pizza ",[45,130506,130127],{"class":55},[45,130508,130509],{"class":51}," pasta",[45,130511,122394],{"class":59},[20,130513,130514,130515,329,130518,132],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130516,130517],{},"{0}",[15,130519,130520],{},"{1}",[20,130522,130523],{},"This is helpful when:",[258,130525,130526,130529],{},[261,130527,130528],{},"you want to reuse a value",[261,130530,130531],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130533,130534],{},"Example with reused values:",[36,130536,130538],{"className":38,"code":130537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130539,130540,130574],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130541,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130553,130555,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130543,34680],{"class":51},[45,130545,56],{"class":55},[45,130547,76],{"class":63},[45,130549,130517],{"class":96},[45,130551,130552],{"class":67}," is learning Python. ",[45,130554,130517],{"class":96},[45,130556,130557],{"class":67}," likes coding.",[45,130559,64],{"class":63},[45,130561,132],{"class":59},[45,130563,130085],{"class":135},[45,130565,156],{"class":59},[45,130567,64],{"class":63},[45,130569,20061],{"class":67},[45,130571,64],{"class":63},[45,130573,161],{"class":59},[45,130575,130576,130578,130580,130582],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130577,153],{"class":152},[45,130579,156],{"class":59},[45,130581,34701],{"class":135},[45,130583,161],{"class":59},[20,130585,130586],{},[355,130587,182],{},[36,130589,130591],{"className":38,"code":130590,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130592,130593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130594,130595,130598,130600,130603,130605,130608,130611],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130596,130597],{"class":51},"Lina ",[45,130599,12395],{"class":55},[45,130601,130602],{"class":51}," learning Python",[45,130604,132],{"class":59},[45,130606,130607],{"class":1863}," Lina",[45,130609,130610],{"class":51}," likes coding",[45,130612,122394],{"class":59},[20,130614,130615],{},"Example with changed order:",[36,130617,130619],{"className":38,"code":130618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130620,130621,130661],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130622,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130624,34680],{"class":51},[45,130626,56],{"class":55},[45,130628,76],{"class":63},[45,130630,130520],{"class":96},[45,130632,83333],{"class":67},[45,130634,130517],{"class":96},[45,130636,132],{"class":67},[45,130638,64],{"class":63},[45,130640,132],{"class":59},[45,130642,130085],{"class":135},[45,130644,156],{"class":59},[45,130646,64],{"class":63},[45,130648,6806],{"class":67},[45,130650,64],{"class":63},[45,130652,84],{"class":59},[45,130654,76],{"class":63},[45,130656,79278],{"class":67},[45,130658,64],{"class":63},[45,130660,161],{"class":59},[45,130662,130663,130665,130667,130669],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130664,153],{"class":152},[45,130666,156],{"class":59},[45,130668,34701],{"class":135},[45,130670,161],{"class":59},[20,130672,130673],{},[355,130674,182],{},[36,130676,130678],{"className":38,"code":130677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130679,130680],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130681,130682,130685],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130683,130684],{"class":51},"two comes after one",[45,130686,122394],{"class":59},[20,130688,130689,130690,130692],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130691,4020],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[31,130694,130696],{"id":130695},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130698,130699,130700,132],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130701,130702],{},"{name}",[20,130704,130705,130706,73],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130707,126365],{},[36,130709,130711],{"className":38,"code":130710,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130712,130713,130765],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130714,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130728,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751,130753,130755,130757,130759,130761,130763],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130716,34680],{"class":51},[45,130718,56],{"class":55},[45,130720,76],{"class":63},[45,130722,130069],{"class":67},[45,130724,130702],{"class":96},[45,130726,130727],{"class":67}," and I live in ",[45,130729,130730],{"class":96},"{city}",[45,130732,132],{"class":67},[45,130734,64],{"class":63},[45,130736,132],{"class":59},[45,130738,130085],{"class":135},[45,130740,156],{"class":59},[45,130742,68],{"class":9393},[45,130744,56],{"class":55},[45,130746,64],{"class":63},[45,130748,79],{"class":67},[45,130750,64],{"class":63},[45,130752,84],{"class":59},[45,130754,31538],{"class":9393},[45,130756,56],{"class":55},[45,130758,64],{"class":63},[45,130760,113],{"class":67},[45,130762,64],{"class":63},[45,130764,161],{"class":59},[45,130766,130767,130769,130771,130773],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130768,153],{"class":152},[45,130770,156],{"class":59},[45,130772,34701],{"class":135},[45,130774,161],{"class":59},[20,130776,130777],{},[355,130778,182],{},[36,130780,130782],{"className":38,"code":130781,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130783,130784],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130785,130786,130788,130790,130793,130795,130798,130800,130803],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130787,130119],{"class":51},[45,130789,12395],{"class":55},[45,130791,130792],{"class":51}," Ana ",[45,130794,130127],{"class":55},[45,130796,130797],{"class":51}," I live ",[45,130799,927],{"class":55},[45,130801,130802],{"class":51}," Lima",[45,130804,122394],{"class":59},[20,130806,130807],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[258,130809,130810,130813,130816],{},[261,130811,130812],{},"they make code easier to read",[261,130814,130815],{},"they help when a string has many values",[261,130817,130818],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130820,361],{},[36,130822,130824],{"className":38,"code":130823,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130825,130826,130878],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130827,130828,130831,130833,130835,130838,130841,130844,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130864,130866,130868,130871,130873,130876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130829,130830],{"class":51},"report ",[45,130832,56],{"class":55},[45,130834,76],{"class":63},[45,130836,130837],{"class":67},"Student: ",[45,130839,130840],{"class":96},"{student}",[45,130842,130843],{"class":67},", Score: ",[45,130845,130846],{"class":96},"{score}",[45,130848,64],{"class":63},[45,130850,132],{"class":59},[45,130852,130085],{"class":135},[45,130854,156],{"class":59},[45,130856,1255],{"class":9393},[45,130858,56],{"class":55},[45,130860,64],{"class":63},[45,130862,130863],{"class":67},"Noah",[45,130865,64],{"class":63},[45,130867,84],{"class":59},[45,130869,130870],{"class":9393}," score",[45,130872,56],{"class":55},[45,130874,130875],{"class":96},"95",[45,130877,161],{"class":59},[45,130879,130880,130882,130884,130886],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130881,153],{"class":152},[45,130883,156],{"class":59},[45,130885,128075],{"class":135},[45,130887,161],{"class":59},[20,130889,130890],{},[355,130891,182],{},[36,130893,130895],{"className":38,"code":130894,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130896,130897],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130898,130899,130902,130904,130907,130909,130912,130914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130900,130901],{"class":51},"Student",[45,130903,73],{"class":59},[45,130905,130906],{"class":51}," Noah",[45,130908,84],{"class":59},[45,130910,130911],{"class":51}," Score",[45,130913,73],{"class":59},[45,130915,130916],{"class":96}," 95\n",[20,130918,130919,130920,132],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[277,130921,3802,130922,3735],{"href":42174},[15,130923,47685],{},[31,130925,130927],{"id":130926},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130929,130930,130932],{},[15,130931,126365],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130934,130935,130936,130939],{},"A common example is ",[15,130937,130938],{},":.2f",", which means:",[258,130941,130942,130945],{},[261,130943,130944],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[261,130946,130947],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130949,361],{},[36,130951,130953],{"className":38,"code":130952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130954,130955,130963,130992],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,130956,130957,130959,130961],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,130958,40385],{"class":51},[45,130960,56],{"class":55},[45,130962,49278],{"class":96},[45,130964,130965,130967,130969,130971,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,130966,34680],{"class":51},[45,130968,56],{"class":55},[45,130970,76],{"class":63},[45,130972,130973],{"class":67},"Price: $",[45,130975,9495],{"class":96},[45,130977,130938],{"class":1597},[45,130979,22478],{"class":96},[45,130981,64],{"class":63},[45,130983,132],{"class":59},[45,130985,130085],{"class":135},[45,130987,156],{"class":59},[45,130989,25311],{"class":135},[45,130991,161],{"class":59},[45,130993,130994,130996,130998,131000],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,130995,153],{"class":152},[45,130997,156],{"class":59},[45,130999,34701],{"class":135},[45,131001,161],{"class":59},[20,131003,131004],{},[355,131005,182],{},[36,131007,131009],{"className":38,"code":131008,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131010,131011],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131012,131013,131016,131018,131021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131014,131015],{"class":51},"Price",[45,131017,73],{"class":59},[45,131019,131020],{"class":37363}," $",[45,131022,131023],{"class":96},"3.50\n",[20,131025,52083],{},[36,131027,131029],{"className":38,"code":131028,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131030,131031,131041],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131032,131033,131036,131038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131034,131035],{"class":51},"average ",[45,131037,56],{"class":55},[45,131039,131040],{"class":96}," 91.236\n",[45,131042,131043,131045,131047,131049,131052,131054,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131069],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131044,153],{"class":152},[45,131046,156],{"class":59},[45,131048,64],{"class":63},[45,131050,131051],{"class":67},"Average: ",[45,131053,9495],{"class":96},[45,131055,130938],{"class":1597},[45,131057,22478],{"class":96},[45,131059,64],{"class":63},[45,131061,132],{"class":59},[45,131063,130085],{"class":135},[45,131065,156],{"class":59},[45,131067,131068],{"class":135},"average",[45,131070,179],{"class":59},[20,131072,131073],{},[355,131074,182],{},[36,131076,131078],{"className":38,"code":131077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131079,131080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131081,131082,131085,131087],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131083,131084],{"class":51},"Average",[45,131086,73],{"class":59},[45,131088,131089],{"class":96}," 91.24\n",[20,131091,131092],{},"This is useful for:",[258,131094,131095,131097,131100],{},[261,131096,83091],{},[261,131098,131099],{},"averages",[261,131101,131102],{},"percentages",[20,131104,131105,131106,132],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[277,131107,3802,131108,2532],{"href":46450},[15,131109,46453],{},[31,131111,17601],{"id":17600},[20,131113,131114,92528],{},[15,131115,126365],{},[20,131117,131118],{},"That means you can:",[258,131120,131121,131124,131127],{},[261,131122,131123],{},"save it in a variable",[261,131125,131126],{},"print it directly",[261,131128,131129],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131131,361],{},[36,131133,131135],{"className":38,"code":131134,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131136,131137,131168,131178],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131138,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131153,131155,131157,131159,131161,131164,131166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131140,90014],{"class":51},[45,131142,56],{"class":55},[45,131144,76],{"class":63},[45,131146,44902],{"class":67},[45,131148,4020],{"class":96},[45,131150,89855],{"class":67},[45,131152,64],{"class":63},[45,131154,132],{"class":59},[45,131156,130085],{"class":135},[45,131158,156],{"class":59},[45,131160,64],{"class":63},[45,131162,131163],{"class":67},"Chris",[45,131165,64],{"class":63},[45,131167,161],{"class":59},[45,131169,131170,131172,131174,131176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131171,153],{"class":152},[45,131173,156],{"class":59},[45,131175,90031],{"class":135},[45,131177,161],{"class":59},[45,131179,131180,131182,131184,131186,131188,131190],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,131181,153],{"class":152},[45,131183,156],{"class":59},[45,131185,1478],{"class":171},[45,131187,156],{"class":59},[45,131189,90031],{"class":135},[45,131191,179],{"class":59},[20,131193,131194],{},[355,131195,182],{},[36,131197,131199],{"className":38,"code":131198,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131200,131201,131210],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131202,131203,131205,131207],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131204,34860],{"class":51},[45,131206,84],{"class":59},[45,131208,131209],{"class":51}," Chris!\n",[45,131211,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131213,1594],{"class":55},[45,131215,1598],{"class":1597},[45,131217,211],{"class":63},[45,131219,3669],{"class":67},[45,131221,198],{"class":63},[45,131223,1607],{"class":55},[20,131225,131226],{},"The original string is not changed.",[31,131228,131230,131232],{"id":131229},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131231,126365],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131234,131235,131237],{},[15,131236,126365],{}," is a string method.",[20,131239,131240],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131242,46041,131243,73],{},[15,131244,126365],{},[36,131246,131248],{"className":38,"code":131247,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131249,131250,131263],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131251,131252,131254,131256,131258,131261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131253,8097],{"class":51},[45,131255,56],{"class":55},[45,131257,76],{"class":63},[45,131259,131260],{"class":67},"Rita",[45,131262,468],{"class":63},[45,131264,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281,131283,131285,131287],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131266,153],{"class":152},[45,131268,156],{"class":59},[45,131270,64],{"class":63},[45,131272,44902],{"class":67},[45,131274,4020],{"class":96},[45,131276,89855],{"class":67},[45,131278,64],{"class":63},[45,131280,132],{"class":59},[45,131282,130085],{"class":135},[45,131284,156],{"class":59},[45,131286,68],{"class":135},[45,131288,179],{"class":59},[20,131290,131291],{},"Example with an f-string:",[36,131293,131295],{"className":38,"code":131294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131296,131297,131309],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131298,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131300,8097],{"class":51},[45,131302,56],{"class":55},[45,131304,76],{"class":63},[45,131306,131260],{"class":67},[45,131308,468],{"class":63},[45,131310,131311,131313,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131325,131328],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131312,153],{"class":152},[45,131314,156],{"class":59},[45,131316,22469],{"class":1597},[45,131318,43346],{"class":67},[45,131320,9495],{"class":96},[45,131322,68],{"class":135},[45,131324,22478],{"class":96},[45,131326,131327],{"class":67},"!\"",[45,131329,161],{"class":59},[20,131331,131332],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131334,131335,131336,131338,131339,132],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131337,126365],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[277,131340,89700],{"href":89699},[31,131342,3061],{"id":3060},[20,131344,131345,131346,132],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131347,126365],{},[1398,131349,131351],{"id":131350},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131353,131354],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[36,131356,131358],{"className":38,"code":131357,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131359,131360,131393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131361,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131363,34680],{"class":51},[45,131365,56],{"class":55},[45,131367,76],{"class":63},[45,131369,44902],{"class":67},[45,131371,4020],{"class":96},[45,131373,131374],{"class":96}," {}",[45,131376,89855],{"class":67},[45,131378,64],{"class":63},[45,131380,132],{"class":59},[45,131382,130085],{"class":135},[45,131384,156],{"class":59},[45,131386,64],{"class":63},[45,131388,7898],{"class":67},[45,131390,64],{"class":63},[45,131392,161],{"class":59},[45,131394,131395,131397,131399,131401],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131396,153],{"class":152},[45,131398,156],{"class":59},[45,131400,34701],{"class":135},[45,131402,161],{"class":59},[20,131404,131405],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131407,131408],{},"Fixed version:",[36,131410,131412],{"className":38,"code":131411,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131413,131414,131455],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131415,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131451,131453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131417,34680],{"class":51},[45,131419,56],{"class":55},[45,131421,76],{"class":63},[45,131423,44902],{"class":67},[45,131425,4020],{"class":96},[45,131427,131374],{"class":96},[45,131429,89855],{"class":67},[45,131431,64],{"class":63},[45,131433,132],{"class":59},[45,131435,130085],{"class":135},[45,131437,156],{"class":59},[45,131439,64],{"class":63},[45,131441,7898],{"class":67},[45,131443,64],{"class":63},[45,131445,84],{"class":59},[45,131447,76],{"class":63},[45,131449,131450],{"class":67},"Lee",[45,131452,64],{"class":63},[45,131454,161],{"class":59},[45,131456,131457,131459,131461,131463],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131458,153],{"class":152},[45,131460,156],{"class":59},[45,131462,34701],{"class":135},[45,131464,161],{"class":59},[1398,131466,131468],{"id":131467},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131470,131471,131472,132],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131473,126365],{},[20,131475,131476],{},"Problem:",[36,131478,131480],{"className":38,"code":131479,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131481,131482,131516],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131483,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131485,34680],{"class":51},[45,131487,56],{"class":55},[45,131489,76],{"class":63},[45,131491,44902],{"class":67},[45,131493,130702],{"class":96},[45,131495,89855],{"class":67},[45,131497,64],{"class":63},[45,131499,132],{"class":59},[45,131501,130085],{"class":135},[45,131503,156],{"class":59},[45,131505,8205],{"class":9393},[45,131507,56],{"class":55},[45,131509,64],{"class":63},[45,131511,7898],{"class":67},[45,131513,64],{"class":63},[45,131515,161],{"class":59},[45,131517,131518,131520,131522,131524],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131519,153],{"class":152},[45,131521,156],{"class":59},[45,131523,34701],{"class":135},[45,131525,161],{"class":59},[20,131527,131408],{},[36,131529,131531],{"className":38,"code":131530,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131532,131533,131567],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131534,131535,131537,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131536,34680],{"class":51},[45,131538,56],{"class":55},[45,131540,76],{"class":63},[45,131542,44902],{"class":67},[45,131544,130702],{"class":96},[45,131546,89855],{"class":67},[45,131548,64],{"class":63},[45,131550,132],{"class":59},[45,131552,130085],{"class":135},[45,131554,156],{"class":59},[45,131556,68],{"class":9393},[45,131558,56],{"class":55},[45,131560,64],{"class":63},[45,131562,7898],{"class":67},[45,131564,64],{"class":63},[45,131566,161],{"class":59},[45,131568,131569,131571,131573,131575],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131570,153],{"class":152},[45,131572,156],{"class":59},[45,131574,34701],{"class":135},[45,131576,161],{"class":59},[1398,131578,8670,131580,131582],{"id":131579},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131581,126365],{}," to change the original string",[20,131584,131585,131587],{},[15,131586,126365],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131589,131476],{},[36,131591,131593],{"className":38,"code":131592,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131594,131595,131609,131627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131596,131597,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131598,34680],{"class":51},[45,131600,56],{"class":55},[45,131602,76],{"class":63},[45,131604,44902],{"class":67},[45,131606,4020],{"class":96},[45,131608,468],{"class":63},[45,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131612,34701],{"class":51},[45,131614,132],{"class":59},[45,131616,130085],{"class":135},[45,131618,156],{"class":59},[45,131620,64],{"class":63},[45,131622,7898],{"class":67},[45,131624,64],{"class":63},[45,131626,161],{"class":59},[45,131628,131629,131631,131633,131635],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,131630,153],{"class":152},[45,131632,156],{"class":59},[45,131634,34701],{"class":135},[45,131636,161],{"class":59},[20,131638,131639],{},[355,131640,182],{},[36,131642,131644],{"className":38,"code":131643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131645,131646],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131647,131648,131650,131652],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131649,34860],{"class":51},[45,131651,84],{"class":59},[45,131653,10050],{"class":59},[20,131655,131408],{},[36,131657,131659],{"className":38,"code":131658,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131660,131661,131675,131697],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131662,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131664,34680],{"class":51},[45,131666,56],{"class":55},[45,131668,76],{"class":63},[45,131670,44902],{"class":67},[45,131672,4020],{"class":96},[45,131674,468],{"class":63},[45,131676,131677,131679,131681,131683,131685,131687,131689,131691,131693,131695],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131678,34680],{"class":51},[45,131680,56],{"class":55},[45,131682,42841],{"class":51},[45,131684,132],{"class":59},[45,131686,130085],{"class":135},[45,131688,156],{"class":59},[45,131690,64],{"class":63},[45,131692,7898],{"class":67},[45,131694,64],{"class":63},[45,131696,161],{"class":59},[45,131698,131699,131701,131703,131705],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,131700,153],{"class":152},[45,131702,156],{"class":59},[45,131704,34701],{"class":135},[45,131706,161],{"class":59},[1398,131708,4928,131710,131712],{"id":131709},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131711,126365],{}," returns a new string",[20,131714,131715],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1398,131717,131719],{"id":131718},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131721,131722],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131724,131725,131726,131728],{},"Use simple ",[15,131727,4020],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131730,131731,131732,132],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[277,131733,90413],{"href":90412},[31,131735,67902],{"id":67901},[20,131737,131738],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[36,131740,131742],{"className":38,"code":131741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131743,131744,131754,131768,131797],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131745,131746,131748,131750,131752],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131747,153],{"class":152},[45,131749,156],{"class":59},[45,131751,34701],{"class":135},[45,131753,161],{"class":59},[45,131755,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764,131766],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131757,153],{"class":152},[45,131759,156],{"class":59},[45,131761,1478],{"class":171},[45,131763,156],{"class":59},[45,131765,947],{"class":135},[45,131767,179],{"class":59},[45,131769,131770,131772,131774,131776,131779,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,131771,153],{"class":152},[45,131773,156],{"class":59},[45,131775,64],{"class":63},[45,131777,131778],{"class":67},"Hello ",[45,131780,4020],{"class":96},[45,131782,64],{"class":63},[45,131784,132],{"class":59},[45,131786,130085],{"class":135},[45,131788,156],{"class":59},[45,131790,64],{"class":63},[45,131792,7898],{"class":67},[45,131794,64],{"class":63},[45,131796,179],{"class":59},[45,131798,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,131800,32306],{"class":152},[45,131802,156],{"class":59},[45,131804,3669],{"class":171},[45,131806,132],{"class":59},[45,131808,130085],{"class":1863},[45,131810,161],{"class":59},[20,131812,131813],{},"Use them to check:",[258,131815,131816,131819,131822,131825],{},[261,131817,131818],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[261,131820,131821],{},"what type your value has",[261,131823,131824],{},"whether a small test example works",[261,131826,131827,131828],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131829,131830],{},"str.format",[31,131832,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,131834,129866,131836,12917],{"id":131835},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131837,126365],{},[20,131839,131840],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1398,131842,131844],{"id":131843},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131846,131847,131848,131850],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131849,4020],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1398,131852,131854,131855,2079],{"id":131853},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131856,126365],{},[20,131858,131859,131860,131863],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131861,131862],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1398,131865,15096,131867,131869],{"id":131866},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131868,126365],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131871,131872,131873,131875],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131874,126365],{}," is still useful and common.",[31,131877,2114],{"id":2113},[258,131879,131880,131884,131888,131894,131900],{},[261,131881,131882],{},[277,131883,125117],{"href":50978},[261,131885,131886],{},[277,131887,90690],{"href":89699},[261,131889,131890],{},[277,131891,3802,131892,3735],{"href":46450},[15,131893,46453],{},[261,131895,131896],{},[277,131897,3802,131898,3735],{"href":42174},[15,131899,47685],{},[261,131901,131902],{},[277,131903,90413],{"href":90412},[2154,131905,131906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":131908},[131909,131910,131912,131913,131914,131915,131916,131917,131919,131928,131929,131938],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":130152,"depth":121,"text":131911},"What the format() method does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":130433,"depth":121,"text":130434},{"id":130695,"depth":121,"text":130696},{"id":130926,"depth":121,"text":130927},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":131229,"depth":121,"text":131918},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":131920},[131921,131922,131923,131925,131927],{"id":131350,"depth":142,"text":131351},{"id":131467,"depth":142,"text":131468},{"id":131579,"depth":142,"text":131924},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131709,"depth":142,"text":131926},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131718,"depth":142,"text":131719},{"id":67901,"depth":121,"text":67902},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":131930},[131931,131933,131934,131936],{"id":131835,"depth":142,"text":131932},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131843,"depth":142,"text":131844},{"id":131853,"depth":142,"text":131935},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131866,"depth":142,"text":131937},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130012,"description":131939},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131946,"title":131947,"body":131948,"description":133428,"extension":2195,"meta":133429,"navigation":145,"path":133430,"seo":133431,"stem":133432,"__hash__":133433},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131949,"toc":133400},[131950,131955,131960,131965,131967,132029,132036,132042,132047,132049,132065,132067,132138,132140,132154,132157,132207,132209,132211,132238,132241,132256,132259,132300,132303,132348,132355,132404,132406,132414,132416,132434,132436,132529,132537,132578,132583,132590,132596,132603,132606,132610,132711,132713,132735,132739,132792,132795,132798,132804,132811,132813,132852,132854,132872,132882,132889,132972,132975,132982,132989,132996,133000,133008,133054,133058,133067,133132,133137,133142,133153,133155,133160,133187,133189,133292,133295,133315,133317,133322,133325,133329,133333,133340,133349,133355,133358,133364,133366,133368,133397],[10,131951,123362,131953,18],{"id":131952},"python-string-index-method",[15,131954,58973],{},[20,131956,123367,131957,131959],{},[15,131958,58973],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131961,131962,131963,132],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131964,40702],{},[31,131966,34],{"id":33},[36,131968,131970],{"className":38,"code":131969,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131971,131972,131984,132006,132016,132020,132024],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,131973,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,131975,34680],{"class":51},[45,131977,56],{"class":55},[45,131979,76],{"class":63},[45,131981,60412],{"class":67},[45,131983,468],{"class":63},[45,131985,131986,131988,131990,131992,131994,131996,131998,132000,132002,132004],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,131987,64926],{"class":51},[45,131989,56],{"class":55},[45,131991,42841],{"class":51},[45,131993,132],{"class":59},[45,131995,35840],{"class":135},[45,131997,156],{"class":59},[45,131999,64],{"class":63},[45,132001,60597],{"class":67},[45,132003,64],{"class":63},[45,132005,161],{"class":59},[45,132007,132008,132010,132012,132014],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132009,153],{"class":152},[45,132011,156],{"class":59},[45,132013,64953],{"class":135},[45,132015,161],{"class":59},[45,132017,132018],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,132019,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132021,132022],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,132023,90831],{"class":1712},[45,132025,132026],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,132027,132028],{"class":1712},"# 6\n",[20,132030,1006,132031,132033,132034,132],{},[15,132032,58973],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132035,40702],{},[31,132037,253,132039,256],{"id":132038},"what-strindex-does",[15,132040,132041],{},"str.index()",[20,132043,132044,132046],{},[15,132045,132041],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132048,303],{},[258,132050,132051,132054,132057,132060],{},[261,132052,132053],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[261,132055,132056],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[261,132058,132059],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[261,132061,30449,132062,132064],{},[15,132063,40702],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132066,361],{},[36,132068,132070],{"className":38,"code":132069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132071,132072,132084,132088,132113],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132073,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132075,34680],{"class":51},[45,132077,56],{"class":55},[45,132079,76],{"class":63},[45,132081,1042],{"class":67},[45,132083,468],{"class":63},[45,132085,132086],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132087,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132089,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132091,153],{"class":152},[45,132093,156],{"class":59},[45,132095,34701],{"class":135},[45,132097,132],{"class":59},[45,132099,35840],{"class":135},[45,132101,156],{"class":59},[45,132103,64],{"class":63},[45,132105,277],{"class":67},[45,132107,64],{"class":63},[45,132109,5582],{"class":59},[45,132111,132112],{"class":1712},"     # 1\n",[45,132114,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133,132135],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,132116,153],{"class":152},[45,132118,156],{"class":59},[45,132120,34701],{"class":135},[45,132122,132],{"class":59},[45,132124,35840],{"class":135},[45,132126,156],{"class":59},[45,132128,64],{"class":63},[45,132130,123455],{"class":67},[45,132132,64],{"class":63},[45,132134,5582],{"class":59},[45,132136,132137],{"class":1712},"    # 2\n",[20,132139,2408],{},[258,132141,132142,132148],{},[261,132143,132144,128575,132146],{},[15,132145,18277],{},[15,132147,1430],{},[261,132149,132150,128575,132152],{},[15,132151,128574],{},[15,132153,1133],{},[20,132155,132156],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[36,132158,132160],{"className":38,"code":132159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132161,132162,132174,132178,132202],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132163,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132165,34680],{"class":51},[45,132167,56],{"class":55},[45,132169,76],{"class":63},[45,132171,34860],{"class":67},[45,132173,468],{"class":63},[45,132175,132176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132177,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132179,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132181,153],{"class":152},[45,132183,156],{"class":59},[45,132185,34701],{"class":135},[45,132187,132],{"class":59},[45,132189,35840],{"class":135},[45,132191,156],{"class":59},[45,132193,64],{"class":63},[45,132195,51194],{"class":67},[45,132197,64],{"class":63},[45,132199,5582],{"class":59},[45,132201,20946],{"class":1712},[45,132203,132204],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,132205,132206],{"class":1712},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[31,132208,284],{"id":283},[20,132210,2389],{},[36,132212,132214],{"className":38,"code":132213,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132215,132216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132217,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234,132236],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132219,61180],{"class":51},[45,132221,132],{"class":59},[45,132223,35840],{"class":135},[45,132225,156],{"class":59},[45,132227,947],{"class":135},[45,132229,84],{"class":59},[45,132231,36046],{"class":135},[45,132233,84],{"class":59},[45,132235,65047],{"class":135},[45,132237,161],{"class":59},[20,132239,132240],{},"Parameters:",[258,132242,132243,132247,132251],{},[261,132244,132245,123554],{},[15,132246,947],{},[261,132248,132249,128621],{},[15,132250,36067],{},[261,132252,132253,132255],{},[15,132254,52664],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132257,132258],{},"You can use just the value:",[36,132260,132262],{"className":38,"code":132261,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132263,132264,132276],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132265,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132267,34680],{"class":51},[45,132269,56],{"class":55},[45,132271,76],{"class":63},[45,132273,40],{"class":67},[45,132275,468],{"class":63},[45,132277,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132279,153],{"class":152},[45,132281,156],{"class":59},[45,132283,34701],{"class":135},[45,132285,132],{"class":59},[45,132287,35840],{"class":135},[45,132289,156],{"class":59},[45,132291,64],{"class":63},[45,132293,63293],{"class":67},[45,132295,64],{"class":63},[45,132297,5582],{"class":59},[45,132299,51418],{"class":1712},[20,132301,132302],{},"Or include a start position:",[36,132304,132306],{"className":38,"code":132305,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132307,132308,132320],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132309,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132311,34680],{"class":51},[45,132313,56],{"class":55},[45,132315,76],{"class":63},[45,132317,1042],{"class":67},[45,132319,468],{"class":63},[45,132321,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132323,153],{"class":152},[45,132325,156],{"class":59},[45,132327,34701],{"class":135},[45,132329,132],{"class":59},[45,132331,35840],{"class":135},[45,132333,156],{"class":59},[45,132335,64],{"class":63},[45,132337,277],{"class":67},[45,132339,64],{"class":63},[45,132341,84],{"class":59},[45,132343,1035],{"class":96},[45,132345,5582],{"class":59},[45,132347,50773],{"class":1712},[20,132349,132350,132351,329,132353,73],{},"Or include both ",[15,132352,36067],{},[15,132354,52664],{},[36,132356,132358],{"className":38,"code":132357,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132359,132360,132372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132361,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132363,34680],{"class":51},[45,132365,56],{"class":55},[45,132367,76],{"class":63},[45,132369,1042],{"class":67},[45,132371,468],{"class":63},[45,132373,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132375,153],{"class":152},[45,132377,156],{"class":59},[45,132379,34701],{"class":135},[45,132381,132],{"class":59},[45,132383,35840],{"class":135},[45,132385,156],{"class":59},[45,132387,64],{"class":63},[45,132389,277],{"class":67},[45,132391,64],{"class":63},[45,132393,84],{"class":59},[45,132395,1035],{"class":96},[45,132397,84],{"class":59},[45,132399,4828],{"class":96},[45,132401,5582],{"class":59},[45,132403,50773],{"class":1712},[31,132405,38017],{"id":38016},[20,132407,28865,132408,132410,132411,132],{},[15,132409,58973],{}," is a ",[355,132412,132413],{},"zero-based index",[20,132415,2338],{},[258,132417,132418,132424,132429],{},[261,132419,132420,132421,132423],{},"Index ",[15,132422,1117],{}," is the first character",[261,132425,132420,132426,132428],{},[15,132427,1430],{}," is the second character",[261,132430,132420,132431,132433],{},[15,132432,1133],{}," is the third character",[20,132435,361],{},[36,132437,132439],{"className":38,"code":132438,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132440,132441,132453,132457,132481,132505],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132442,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132444,34680],{"class":51},[45,132446,56],{"class":55},[45,132448,76],{"class":63},[45,132450,37043],{"class":67},[45,132452,468],{"class":63},[45,132454,132455],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132456,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132458,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132460,153],{"class":152},[45,132462,156],{"class":59},[45,132464,34701],{"class":135},[45,132466,132],{"class":59},[45,132468,35840],{"class":135},[45,132470,156],{"class":59},[45,132472,64],{"class":63},[45,132474,9951],{"class":67},[45,132476,64],{"class":63},[45,132478,5582],{"class":59},[45,132480,51250],{"class":1712},[45,132482,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,132484,153],{"class":152},[45,132486,156],{"class":59},[45,132488,34701],{"class":135},[45,132490,132],{"class":59},[45,132492,35840],{"class":135},[45,132494,156],{"class":59},[45,132496,64],{"class":63},[45,132498,277],{"class":67},[45,132500,64],{"class":63},[45,132502,5582],{"class":59},[45,132504,27936],{"class":1712},[45,132506,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,132508,153],{"class":152},[45,132510,156],{"class":59},[45,132512,34701],{"class":135},[45,132514,132],{"class":59},[45,132516,35840],{"class":135},[45,132518,156],{"class":59},[45,132520,64],{"class":63},[45,132522,63293],{"class":67},[45,132524,64],{"class":63},[45,132526,5582],{"class":59},[45,132528,51418],{"class":1712},[20,132530,132531,132533,132534,132536],{},[15,132532,58973],{}," returns only the ",[355,132535,30064],{}," matching position.",[36,132538,132540],{"className":38,"code":132539,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132541,132542,132554],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132545,34680],{"class":51},[45,132547,56],{"class":55},[45,132549,76],{"class":63},[45,132551,1042],{"class":67},[45,132553,468],{"class":63},[45,132555,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132557,153],{"class":152},[45,132559,156],{"class":59},[45,132561,34701],{"class":135},[45,132563,132],{"class":59},[45,132565,35840],{"class":135},[45,132567,156],{"class":59},[45,132569,64],{"class":63},[45,132571,277],{"class":67},[45,132573,64],{"class":63},[45,132575,5582],{"class":59},[45,132577,27936],{"class":1712},[20,132579,21156,132580,132582],{},[15,132581,18277],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132584,132585,132586,132],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[277,132587,132588,994],{"href":124812},[15,132589,58595],{},[31,132591,1797,132592,329,132594],{"id":65413},[15,132593,36067],{},[15,132595,52664],{},[20,132597,2212,132598,329,132600,132602],{},[15,132599,36067],{},[15,132601,52664],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132604,132605],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132607,46041,132608,73],{},[15,132609,36067],{},[36,132611,132613],{"className":38,"code":132612,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132614,132615,132627,132631,132655,132683],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132616,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132618,34680],{"class":51},[45,132620,56],{"class":55},[45,132622,76],{"class":63},[45,132624,1042],{"class":67},[45,132626,468],{"class":63},[45,132628,132629],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132630,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132632,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641,132643,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132634,153],{"class":152},[45,132636,156],{"class":59},[45,132638,34701],{"class":135},[45,132640,132],{"class":59},[45,132642,35840],{"class":135},[45,132644,156],{"class":59},[45,132646,64],{"class":63},[45,132648,277],{"class":67},[45,132650,64],{"class":63},[45,132652,5582],{"class":59},[45,132654,51123],{"class":1712},[45,132656,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,132658,153],{"class":152},[45,132660,156],{"class":59},[45,132662,34701],{"class":135},[45,132664,132],{"class":59},[45,132666,35840],{"class":135},[45,132668,156],{"class":59},[45,132670,64],{"class":63},[45,132672,277],{"class":67},[45,132674,64],{"class":63},[45,132676,84],{"class":59},[45,132678,1035],{"class":96},[45,132680,5582],{"class":59},[45,132682,50972],{"class":1712},[45,132684,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707,132709],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,132686,153],{"class":152},[45,132688,156],{"class":59},[45,132690,34701],{"class":135},[45,132692,132],{"class":59},[45,132694,35840],{"class":135},[45,132696,156],{"class":59},[45,132698,64],{"class":63},[45,132700,277],{"class":67},[45,132702,64],{"class":63},[45,132704,84],{"class":59},[45,132706,2687],{"class":96},[45,132708,5582],{"class":59},[45,132710,50756],{"class":1712},[20,132712,20135],{},[258,132714,132715,132722,132728],{},[261,132716,132717,132718,65603,132720],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132719,18277],{},[15,132721,1430],{},[261,132723,132724,132725,132727],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132726,1133],{}," skips that first match",[261,132729,132724,132730,132732,132733],{},[15,132731,2734],{}," finds the last ",[15,132734,18277],{},[20,132736,46041,132737,73],{},[15,132738,52664],{},[36,132740,132742],{"className":38,"code":132741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132743,132744,132756,132760],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132745,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132747,34680],{"class":51},[45,132749,56],{"class":55},[45,132751,76],{"class":63},[45,132753,1042],{"class":67},[45,132755,468],{"class":63},[45,132757,132758],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132759,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132761,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778,132780,132782,132784,132786,132788,132790],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132763,153],{"class":152},[45,132765,156],{"class":59},[45,132767,34701],{"class":135},[45,132769,132],{"class":59},[45,132771,35840],{"class":135},[45,132773,156],{"class":59},[45,132775,64],{"class":63},[45,132777,76037],{"class":67},[45,132779,64],{"class":63},[45,132781,84],{"class":59},[45,132783,4061],{"class":96},[45,132785,84],{"class":59},[45,132787,2687],{"class":96},[45,132789,5582],{"class":59},[45,132791,51418],{"class":1712},[20,132793,132794],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132796,132797],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[31,132799,44213,132801,132803],{"id":132800},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132802,58973],{}," causes an error",[20,132805,132806,132807,52498,132809,132],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132808,58973],{},[15,132810,40702],{},[20,132812,361],{},[36,132814,132816],{"className":38,"code":132815,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132817,132818,132830],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132819,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132821,34680],{"class":51},[45,132823,56],{"class":55},[45,132825,76],{"class":63},[45,132827,4073],{"class":67},[45,132829,468],{"class":63},[45,132831,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840,132842,132844,132846,132848,132850],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132833,153],{"class":152},[45,132835,156],{"class":59},[45,132837,34701],{"class":135},[45,132839,132],{"class":59},[45,132841,35840],{"class":135},[45,132843,156],{"class":59},[45,132845,64],{"class":63},[45,132847,22252],{"class":67},[45,132849,64],{"class":63},[45,132851,179],{"class":59},[20,132853,182],{},[36,132855,132857],{"className":38,"code":132856,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132858,132859],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132860,132861,132863,132865,132868,132870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132862,40702],{"class":171},[45,132864,73],{"class":59},[45,132866,132867],{"class":51}," substring ",[45,132869,4854],{"class":55},[45,132871,65836],{"class":51},[20,132873,53345,132874,126328,132879,132881],{},[277,132875,132876],{"href":130006},[15,132877,132878],{},"str.find()",[15,132880,65861],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132883,132884,132885,329,132887,73],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132886,29959],{},[15,132888,29990],{},[36,132890,132892],{"className":38,"code":132891,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132893,132894,132906,132910,132916,132939,132949,132957],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,132895,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,132897,34680],{"class":51},[45,132899,56],{"class":55},[45,132901,76],{"class":63},[45,132903,4073],{"class":67},[45,132905,468],{"class":63},[45,132907,132908],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,132909,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,132911,132912,132914],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,132913,29959],{"class":921},[45,132915,6614],{"class":59},[45,132917,132918,132921,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,132919,132920],{"class":51},"    position ",[45,132922,56],{"class":55},[45,132924,42841],{"class":51},[45,132926,132],{"class":59},[45,132928,35840],{"class":135},[45,132930,156],{"class":59},[45,132932,64],{"class":63},[45,132934,22252],{"class":67},[45,132936,64],{"class":63},[45,132938,161],{"class":59},[45,132940,132941,132943,132945,132947],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,132942,942],{"class":152},[45,132944,156],{"class":59},[45,132946,64953],{"class":135},[45,132948,161],{"class":59},[45,132950,132951,132953,132955],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,132952,29990],{"class":921},[45,132954,41925],{"class":171},[45,132956,6614],{"class":59},[45,132958,132959,132961,132963,132965,132968,132970],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,132960,942],{"class":152},[45,132962,156],{"class":59},[45,132964,64],{"class":63},[45,132966,132967],{"class":67},"Substring not found",[45,132969,64],{"class":63},[45,132971,161],{"class":59},[20,132973,132974],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132976,41945,132977,132],{},[277,132978,1495,132980],{"href":132979},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132981,129333],{},[31,132983,132985,1174,132987],{"id":132984},"index-vs-find",[15,132986,58973],{},[15,132988,124357],{},[20,132990,132991,329,132993,132995],{},[15,132992,58973],{},[15,132994,124357],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1398,132997,132998],{"id":35840},[15,132999,58973],{},[258,133001,133002,133005],{},[261,133003,133004],{},"Returns the first match position",[261,133006,133007],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[36,133009,133011],{"className":38,"code":133010,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133012,133013,133025,133049],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133014,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133016,34680],{"class":51},[45,133018,56],{"class":55},[45,133020,76],{"class":63},[45,133022,4073],{"class":67},[45,133024,468],{"class":63},[45,133026,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133028,153],{"class":152},[45,133030,156],{"class":59},[45,133032,34701],{"class":135},[45,133034,132],{"class":59},[45,133036,35840],{"class":135},[45,133038,156],{"class":59},[45,133040,64],{"class":63},[45,133042,60453],{"class":67},[45,133044,64],{"class":63},[45,133046,5582],{"class":59},[45,133048,27936],{"class":1712},[45,133050,133051],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133052,133053],{"class":1712},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1398,133055,133056],{"id":128387},[15,133057,124357],{},[258,133059,133060,133062],{},[261,133061,133004],{},[261,133063,11629,133064,133066],{},[15,133065,65861],{}," if nothing is found",[36,133068,133070],{"className":38,"code":133069,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133071,133072,133084,133108],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133073,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133075,34680],{"class":51},[45,133077,56],{"class":55},[45,133079,76],{"class":63},[45,133081,4073],{"class":67},[45,133083,468],{"class":63},[45,133085,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133087,153],{"class":152},[45,133089,156],{"class":59},[45,133091,34701],{"class":135},[45,133093,132],{"class":59},[45,133095,128387],{"class":135},[45,133097,156],{"class":59},[45,133099,64],{"class":63},[45,133101,60453],{"class":67},[45,133103,64],{"class":63},[45,133105,5582],{"class":59},[45,133107,27936],{"class":1712},[45,133109,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133111,153],{"class":152},[45,133113,156],{"class":59},[45,133115,34701],{"class":135},[45,133117,132],{"class":59},[45,133119,128387],{"class":135},[45,133121,156],{"class":59},[45,133123,64],{"class":63},[45,133125,22252],{"class":67},[45,133127,64],{"class":63},[45,133129,5582],{"class":59},[45,133131,128743],{"class":1712},[20,133133,1006,133134,133136],{},[15,133135,58973],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133138,1006,133139,133141],{},[15,133140,124357],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133143,133144,133145,995,133150,132],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[277,133146,133147,133149],{"href":130006},[15,133148,132878],{}," method reference",[277,133151,127398],{"href":133152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[31,133154,3061],{"id":3060},[20,133156,133157,133158,73],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133159,58973],{},[258,133161,133162,133165,133172,133177,133182],{},[261,133163,133164],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[261,133166,8670,133167,8673,133169,133171],{},[15,133168,58973],{},[15,133170,65861],{}," when no match exists",[261,133173,1797,133174,133176],{},[15,133175,58973],{}," on a value that may not be present",[261,133178,133179,133180],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133181,1430],{},[261,133183,1503,133184,133186],{},[15,133185,58973],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133188,62301],{},[36,133190,133192],{"className":38,"code":133191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133193,133194,133204,133218,133240,133262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133195,133196,133198,133200,133202],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133197,153],{"class":152},[45,133199,156],{"class":59},[45,133201,34701],{"class":135},[45,133203,161],{"class":59},[45,133205,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133207,153],{"class":152},[45,133209,156],{"class":59},[45,133211,41778],{"class":152},[45,133213,156],{"class":59},[45,133215,34701],{"class":135},[45,133217,179],{"class":59},[45,133219,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133221,153],{"class":152},[45,133223,156],{"class":59},[45,133225,34701],{"class":135},[45,133227,132],{"class":59},[45,133229,35840],{"class":135},[45,133231,156],{"class":59},[45,133233,64],{"class":63},[45,133235,947],{"class":67},[45,133237,64],{"class":63},[45,133239,179],{"class":59},[45,133241,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,133243,153],{"class":152},[45,133245,156],{"class":59},[45,133247,34701],{"class":135},[45,133249,132],{"class":59},[45,133251,128387],{"class":135},[45,133253,156],{"class":59},[45,133255,64],{"class":63},[45,133257,947],{"class":67},[45,133259,64],{"class":63},[45,133261,179],{"class":59},[45,133263,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278,133280,133282,133284,133286,133288,133290],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,133265,153],{"class":152},[45,133267,156],{"class":59},[45,133269,34701],{"class":135},[45,133271,132],{"class":59},[45,133273,35840],{"class":135},[45,133275,156],{"class":59},[45,133277,64],{"class":63},[45,133279,947],{"class":67},[45,133281,64],{"class":63},[45,133283,84],{"class":59},[45,133285,36046],{"class":135},[45,133287,84],{"class":59},[45,133289,65047],{"class":135},[45,133291,179],{"class":59},[20,133293,133294],{},"Tips:",[258,133296,133297,133302,133307,133310],{},[261,133298,1006,133299,133301],{},[15,133300,126284],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[261,133303,1006,133304,133306],{},[15,133305,124357],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[261,133308,133309],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[261,133311,133312,133313],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133314,1117],{},[31,133316,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,133318,129866,133320,12917],{"id":133319},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133321,58973],{},[20,133323,133324],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1398,133326,133328],{"id":133327},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133330,76865,133331,132],{},[15,133332,40702],{},[1398,133334,5400,133336,329,133338,2079],{"id":133335},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133337,58973],{},[15,133339,124357],{},[20,133341,133342,133344,133345,2627,133347,6852],{},[15,133343,58973],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133346,124357],{},[15,133348,65861],{},[1398,133350,5390,133352,133354],{"id":133351},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133353,58973],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133356,133357],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1398,133359,133361,133362,124698],{"id":133360},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133363,58973],{},[20,133365,129891],{},[31,133367,2114],{"id":2113},[258,133369,133370,133376,133380,133385,133391],{},[261,133371,133372],{},[277,133373,133374,994],{"href":130006},[15,133375,132878],{},[261,133377,133378],{},[277,133379,124761],{"href":133152},[261,133381,133382],{},[277,133383,129967],{"href":133384},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[261,133386,133387],{},[277,133388,133389,994],{"href":124812},[15,133390,58595],{},[261,133392,133393],{},[277,133394,2149,133395],{"href":132979},[15,133396,129333],{},[2154,133398,133399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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index() causes an error",{"id":132984,"depth":121,"text":133411,"children":133412},"index() vs find()",[133413,133414],{"id":35840,"depth":142,"text":58973},{"id":128387,"depth":142,"text":124357},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":133417},[133418,133420,133421,133423,133425],{"id":133319,"depth":142,"text":133419},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133327,"depth":142,"text":133328},{"id":133335,"depth":142,"text":133422},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133351,"depth":142,"text":133424},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133360,"depth":142,"text":133426},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131947,"description":133428},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133435,"title":133436,"body":133437,"description":136212,"extension":2195,"meta":136213,"navigation":145,"path":136214,"seo":136215,"stem":136216,"__hash__":136217},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133438,"toc":136148},[133439,133445,133450,133453,133456,133467,133469,133538,133540,133554,133559,133564,133569,133571,133614,133616,133699,133701,133747,133753,133755,133757,133777,133779,133802,133804,133878,133880,133899,133904,133906,133910,133982,133984,133998,134002,134078,134080,134099,134103,134197,134199,134208,134215,134291,134293,134311,134315,134318,134325,134374,134376,134385,134392,134451,134453,134471,134474,134481,134540,134542,134560,134567,134624,134626,134635,134639,134644,134648,134707,134709,134727,134731,134778,134783,134786,134855,134857,134874,134881,134887,134942,134947,134950,135027,135029,135047,135053,135059,135119,135121,135140,135146,135149,135156,135209,135214,135216,135277,135286,135293,135295,135352,135357,135359,135430,135434,135489,135491,135500,135505,135511,135580,135582,135614,135620,135628,135635,135641,135706,135708,135717,135723,135804,135806,135815,135820,135834,135841,135845,135850,135878,135880,136013,136016,136053,136055,136061,136070,136075,136078,136083,136088,136094,136097,136106,136109,136111,136140,136145],[10,133440,123362,133442,18],{"id":133441},"python-string-join-method",[15,133443,133444],{},"join()",[20,133446,123367,133447,133449],{},[15,133448,133444],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133451,133452],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133454,133455],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[258,133457,133458,133464],{},[261,133459,133460,133461,133463],{},"You call ",[15,133462,133444],{}," on the separator string",[261,133465,133466],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[31,133468,3836],{"id":3835},[36,133470,133472],{"className":38,"code":133471,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133473,133474,133507,133528],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133475,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133490,133492,133494,133496,133498,133500,133503,133505],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133477,4296],{"class":51},[45,133479,56],{"class":55},[45,133481,1427],{"class":59},[45,133483,64],{"class":63},[45,133485,7518],{"class":67},[45,133487,64],{"class":63},[45,133489,84],{"class":59},[45,133491,76],{"class":63},[45,133493,12395],{"class":67},[45,133495,64],{"class":63},[45,133497,84],{"class":59},[45,133499,76],{"class":63},[45,133501,133502],{"class":67},"fun",[45,133504,64],{"class":63},[45,133506,244],{"class":59},[45,133508,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133522,133524,133526],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133510,716],{"class":51},[45,133512,56],{"class":55},[45,133514,76],{"class":63},[45,133516,76],{"class":63},[45,133518,132],{"class":59},[45,133520,133521],{"class":135},"join",[45,133523,156],{"class":59},[45,133525,4338],{"class":135},[45,133527,161],{"class":59},[45,133529,133530,133532,133534,133536],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133531,153],{"class":152},[45,133533,156],{"class":59},[45,133535,740],{"class":135},[45,133537,161],{"class":59},[20,133539,182],{},[36,133541,133543],{"className":38,"code":133542,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python is fun\n",[15,133544,133545],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133546,133547,133549,133551],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133548,3802],{"class":51},[45,133550,12395],{"class":55},[45,133552,133553],{"class":51}," fun\n",[20,133555,1006,133556,133558],{},[15,133557,133444],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[31,133560,253,133562,256],{"id":133561},"what-join-does",[15,133563,133444],{},[20,133565,133566,133568],{},[15,133567,133444],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133570,11663],{},[258,133572,133573,133580,133608,133611],{},[261,133574,133575,133576,133579],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133577,133578],{},".join()"," as the separator",[261,133581,133582,133583],{},"Common separators are:\n",[258,133584,133585,133591,133597,133603],{},[261,133586,133587,133590],{},[15,133588,133589],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[261,133592,133593,133596],{},[15,133594,133595],{},"\", \""," for commas",[261,133598,133599,133602],{},[15,133600,133601],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[261,133604,133605,133607],{},[15,133606,6493],{}," for no separator",[261,133609,133610],{},"It returns a new string",[261,133612,133613],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133615,361],{},[36,133617,133619],{"className":38,"code":133618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133620,133621,133653,133675,133679,133689],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133622,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133624,4296],{"class":51},[45,133626,56],{"class":55},[45,133628,1427],{"class":59},[45,133630,64],{"class":63},[45,133632,13291],{"class":67},[45,133634,64],{"class":63},[45,133636,84],{"class":59},[45,133638,76],{"class":63},[45,133640,17637],{"class":67},[45,133642,64],{"class":63},[45,133644,84],{"class":59},[45,133646,76],{"class":63},[45,133648,703],{"class":67},[45,133650,64],{"class":63},[45,133652,244],{"class":59},[45,133654,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669,133671,133673],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133656,716],{"class":51},[45,133658,56],{"class":55},[45,133660,76],{"class":63},[45,133662,2419],{"class":67},[45,133664,64],{"class":63},[45,133666,132],{"class":59},[45,133668,133521],{"class":135},[45,133670,156],{"class":59},[45,133672,4338],{"class":135},[45,133674,161],{"class":59},[45,133676,133677],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133678,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,133680,133681,133683,133685,133687],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,133682,153],{"class":152},[45,133684,156],{"class":59},[45,133686,740],{"class":135},[45,133688,161],{"class":59},[45,133690,133691,133693,133695,133697],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,133692,153],{"class":152},[45,133694,156],{"class":59},[45,133696,4338],{"class":135},[45,133698,161],{"class":59},[20,133700,182],{},[36,133702,133704],{"className":38,"code":133703,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133705,133706,133719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133707,133708,133710,133712,133715,133717],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133709,13291],{"class":51},[45,133711,84],{"class":59},[45,133713,133714],{"class":51}," green",[45,133716,84],{"class":59},[45,133718,35875],{"class":51},[45,133720,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133722,223],{"class":59},[45,133724,198],{"class":63},[45,133726,13291],{"class":67},[45,133728,198],{"class":63},[45,133730,84],{"class":59},[45,133732,211],{"class":63},[45,133734,17637],{"class":67},[45,133736,198],{"class":63},[45,133738,84],{"class":59},[45,133740,211],{"class":63},[45,133742,703],{"class":67},[45,133744,198],{"class":63},[45,133746,244],{"class":59},[20,133748,133749,133750,133752],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133751,133444],{}," creates a new string.",[31,133754,284],{"id":283},[20,133756,7439],{},[36,133758,133760],{"className":38,"code":133759,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133761,133762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133763,133764,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133765,133766],{"class":51},"separator",[45,133768,132],{"class":59},[45,133770,133521],{"class":135},[45,133772,156],{"class":59},[45,133774,3948],{"class":135},[45,133776,161],{"class":59},[1398,133778,49012],{"id":49011},[258,133780,133781,133794,133799],{},[261,133782,133783,133785,133786,2419,133788,2419,133790,2423,133792],{},[15,133784,133766],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133787,133589],{},[15,133789,133595],{},[15,133791,133601],{},[15,133793,6493],{},[261,133795,133796,133798],{},[15,133797,3948],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[261,133800,133801],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133803,361],{},[36,133805,133807],{"className":38,"code":133806,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133808,133809,133841,133864,133868],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133810,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133812,5219],{"class":51},[45,133814,56],{"class":55},[45,133816,1427],{"class":59},[45,133818,64],{"class":63},[45,133820,79],{"class":67},[45,133822,64],{"class":63},[45,133824,84],{"class":59},[45,133826,76],{"class":63},[45,133828,35935],{"class":67},[45,133830,64],{"class":63},[45,133832,84],{"class":59},[45,133834,76],{"class":63},[45,133836,35944],{"class":67},[45,133838,64],{"class":63},[45,133840,244],{"class":59},[45,133842,133843,133845,133847,133849,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133844,716],{"class":51},[45,133846,56],{"class":55},[45,133848,76],{"class":63},[45,133850,133851],{"class":67}," | ",[45,133853,64],{"class":63},[45,133855,132],{"class":59},[45,133857,133521],{"class":135},[45,133859,156],{"class":59},[45,133861,5263],{"class":135},[45,133863,161],{"class":59},[45,133865,133866],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133867,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,133869,133870,133872,133874,133876],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,133871,153],{"class":152},[45,133873,156],{"class":59},[45,133875,740],{"class":135},[45,133877,161],{"class":59},[20,133879,182],{},[36,133881,133883],{"className":38,"code":133882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133884,133885],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133886,133887,133890,133892,133895,133897],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133888,133889],{"class":51},"Ana ",[45,133891,113869],{"class":55},[45,133893,133894],{"class":51}," Ben ",[45,133896,113869],{"class":55},[45,133898,36016],{"class":51},[20,133900,133901,133902,132],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[277,133903,125117],{"href":50978},[31,133905,121893],{"id":121892},[1398,133907,133909],{"id":133908},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[36,133911,133913],{"className":38,"code":133912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133914,133915,133948,133968,133972],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133916,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133944,133946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133918,4296],{"class":51},[45,133920,56],{"class":55},[45,133922,1427],{"class":59},[45,133924,64],{"class":63},[45,133926,7518],{"class":67},[45,133928,64],{"class":63},[45,133930,84],{"class":59},[45,133932,76],{"class":63},[45,133934,12395],{"class":67},[45,133936,64],{"class":63},[45,133938,84],{"class":59},[45,133940,76],{"class":63},[45,133942,133943],{"class":67},"easy",[45,133945,64],{"class":63},[45,133947,244],{"class":59},[45,133949,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960,133962,133964,133966],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,133951,716],{"class":51},[45,133953,56],{"class":55},[45,133955,76],{"class":63},[45,133957,76],{"class":63},[45,133959,132],{"class":59},[45,133961,133521],{"class":135},[45,133963,156],{"class":59},[45,133965,4338],{"class":135},[45,133967,161],{"class":59},[45,133969,133970],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,133971,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,133973,133974,133976,133978,133980],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,133975,153],{"class":152},[45,133977,156],{"class":59},[45,133979,740],{"class":135},[45,133981,161],{"class":59},[20,133983,182],{},[36,133985,133987],{"className":38,"code":133986,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python is easy\n",[15,133988,133989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,133990,133991,133993,133995],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,133992,3802],{"class":51},[45,133994,12395],{"class":55},[45,133996,133997],{"class":51}," easy\n",[1398,133999,134001],{"id":134000},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[36,134003,134005],{"className":38,"code":134004,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134006,134007,134042,134064,134068],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134008,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134020,134022,134024,134026,134029,134031,134033,134035,134038,134040],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134010,8001],{"class":51},[45,134012,56],{"class":55},[45,134014,1427],{"class":59},[45,134016,64],{"class":63},[45,134018,134019],{"class":67},"apples",[45,134021,64],{"class":63},[45,134023,84],{"class":59},[45,134025,76],{"class":63},[45,134027,134028],{"class":67},"bananas",[45,134030,64],{"class":63},[45,134032,84],{"class":59},[45,134034,76],{"class":63},[45,134036,134037],{"class":67},"oranges",[45,134039,64],{"class":63},[45,134041,244],{"class":59},[45,134043,134044,134046,134048,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134045,716],{"class":51},[45,134047,56],{"class":55},[45,134049,76],{"class":63},[45,134051,2419],{"class":67},[45,134053,64],{"class":63},[45,134055,132],{"class":59},[45,134057,133521],{"class":135},[45,134059,156],{"class":59},[45,134061,1289],{"class":135},[45,134063,161],{"class":59},[45,134065,134066],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,134067,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,134069,134070,134072,134074,134076],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,134071,153],{"class":152},[45,134073,156],{"class":59},[45,134075,740],{"class":135},[45,134077,161],{"class":59},[20,134079,182],{},[36,134081,134083],{"className":38,"code":134082,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134084,134085],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134086,134087,134089,134091,134094,134096],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134088,134019],{"class":51},[45,134090,84],{"class":59},[45,134092,134093],{"class":51}," bananas",[45,134095,84],{"class":59},[45,134097,134098],{"class":51}," oranges\n",[1398,134100,134102],{"id":134101},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[36,134104,134106],{"className":38,"code":134105,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134107,134108,134165,134183,134187],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134109,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134111,36085],{"class":51},[45,134113,56],{"class":55},[45,134115,1427],{"class":59},[45,134117,64],{"class":63},[45,134119,134120],{"class":67},"P",[45,134122,64],{"class":63},[45,134124,84],{"class":59},[45,134126,76],{"class":63},[45,134128,11946],{"class":67},[45,134130,64],{"class":63},[45,134132,84],{"class":59},[45,134134,76],{"class":63},[45,134136,63293],{"class":67},[45,134138,64],{"class":63},[45,134140,84],{"class":59},[45,134142,76],{"class":63},[45,134144,60444],{"class":67},[45,134146,64],{"class":63},[45,134148,84],{"class":59},[45,134150,76],{"class":63},[45,134152,60479],{"class":67},[45,134154,64],{"class":63},[45,134156,84],{"class":59},[45,134158,76],{"class":63},[45,134160,76037],{"class":67},[45,134162,64],{"class":63},[45,134164,244],{"class":59},[45,134166,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134168,716],{"class":51},[45,134170,56],{"class":55},[45,134172,6347],{"class":63},[45,134174,132],{"class":59},[45,134176,133521],{"class":135},[45,134178,156],{"class":59},[45,134180,36138],{"class":135},[45,134182,161],{"class":59},[45,134184,134185],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,134186,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,134188,134189,134191,134193,134195],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,134190,153],{"class":152},[45,134192,156],{"class":59},[45,134194,740],{"class":135},[45,134196,161],{"class":59},[20,134198,182],{},[36,134200,134202],{"className":38,"code":134201,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python\n",[15,134203,134204],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134205,134206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134207,134201],{"class":51},[1398,134209,134211,134212,134214],{"id":134210},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134213,133444],{}," returns the result",[36,134216,134218],{"className":38,"code":134217,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134219,134220,134253,134276,134280],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134221,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134249,134251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134223,4296],{"class":51},[45,134225,56],{"class":55},[45,134227,1427],{"class":59},[45,134229,64],{"class":63},[45,134231,6806],{"class":67},[45,134233,64],{"class":63},[45,134235,84],{"class":59},[45,134237,76],{"class":63},[45,134239,79278],{"class":67},[45,134241,64],{"class":63},[45,134243,84],{"class":59},[45,134245,76],{"class":63},[45,134247,134248],{"class":67},"three",[45,134250,64],{"class":63},[45,134252,244],{"class":59},[45,134254,134255,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134256,134257],{"class":51},"joined_text ",[45,134259,56],{"class":55},[45,134261,76],{"class":63},[45,134263,2254],{"class":67},[45,134265,64],{"class":63},[45,134267,132],{"class":59},[45,134269,133521],{"class":135},[45,134271,156],{"class":59},[45,134273,4338],{"class":135},[45,134275,161],{"class":59},[45,134277,134278],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,134279,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,134281,134282,134284,134286,134289],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,134283,153],{"class":152},[45,134285,156],{"class":59},[45,134287,134288],{"class":135},"joined_text",[45,134290,161],{"class":59},[20,134292,182],{},[36,134294,134296],{"className":38,"code":134295,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"one-two-three\n",[15,134297,134298],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134299,134300,134302,134304,134306,134308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134301,6806],{"class":51},[45,134303,2254],{"class":55},[45,134305,79278],{"class":51},[45,134307,2254],{"class":55},[45,134309,134310],{"class":51},"three\n",[31,134312,134314],{"id":134313},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134316,134317],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1398,134319,134321,134324],{"id":134320},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134322,134323],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[36,134326,134328],{"className":38,"code":134327,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134329,134330,134354],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134331,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134333,4296],{"class":51},[45,134335,56],{"class":55},[45,134337,1427],{"class":59},[45,134339,64],{"class":63},[45,134341,4073],{"class":67},[45,134343,64],{"class":63},[45,134345,84],{"class":59},[45,134347,76],{"class":63},[45,134349,60597],{"class":67},[45,134351,64],{"class":63},[45,134353,244],{"class":59},[45,134355,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134357,153],{"class":152},[45,134359,156],{"class":59},[45,134361,64],{"class":63},[45,134363,76],{"class":63},[45,134365,132],{"class":59},[45,134367,133521],{"class":135},[45,134369,156],{"class":59},[45,134371,4338],{"class":135},[45,134373,179],{"class":59},[20,134375,182],{},[36,134377,134379],{"className":38,"code":134378,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello world\n",[15,134380,134381],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134382,134383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134384,134378],{"class":51},[1398,134386,134388,134391],{"id":134387},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134389,134390],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[36,134393,134395],{"className":38,"code":134394,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134396,134397,134429],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134398,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134400,13274],{"class":51},[45,134402,56],{"class":55},[45,134404,1427],{"class":59},[45,134406,64],{"class":63},[45,134408,13291],{"class":67},[45,134410,64],{"class":63},[45,134412,84],{"class":59},[45,134414,76],{"class":63},[45,134416,703],{"class":67},[45,134418,64],{"class":63},[45,134420,84],{"class":59},[45,134422,76],{"class":63},[45,134424,17637],{"class":67},[45,134426,64],{"class":63},[45,134428,244],{"class":59},[45,134430,134431,134433,134435,134437,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134432,153],{"class":152},[45,134434,156],{"class":59},[45,134436,64],{"class":63},[45,134438,2419],{"class":67},[45,134440,64],{"class":63},[45,134442,132],{"class":59},[45,134444,133521],{"class":135},[45,134446,156],{"class":59},[45,134448,17684],{"class":135},[45,134450,179],{"class":59},[20,134452,182],{},[36,134454,134456],{"className":38,"code":134455,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134457,134458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134459,134460,134462,134464,134467,134469],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134461,13291],{"class":51},[45,134463,84],{"class":59},[45,134465,134466],{"class":51}," blue",[45,134468,84],{"class":59},[45,134470,35868],{"class":51},[20,134472,134473],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1398,134475,134477,134480],{"id":134476},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134478,134479],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[36,134482,134484],{"className":38,"code":134483,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134485,134486,134518],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134487,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134489,42836],{"class":51},[45,134491,56],{"class":55},[45,134493,1427],{"class":59},[45,134495,64],{"class":63},[45,134497,40],{"class":67},[45,134499,64],{"class":63},[45,134501,84],{"class":59},[45,134503,76],{"class":63},[45,134505,61180],{"class":67},[45,134507,64],{"class":63},[45,134509,84],{"class":59},[45,134511,76],{"class":63},[45,134513,133521],{"class":67},[45,134515,64],{"class":63},[45,134517,244],{"class":59},[45,134519,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134521,153],{"class":152},[45,134523,156],{"class":59},[45,134525,64],{"class":63},[45,134527,2254],{"class":67},[45,134529,64],{"class":63},[45,134531,132],{"class":59},[45,134533,133521],{"class":135},[45,134535,156],{"class":59},[45,134537,42868],{"class":135},[45,134539,179],{"class":59},[20,134541,182],{},[36,134543,134545],{"className":38,"code":134544,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"python-string-join\n",[15,134546,134547],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134548,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134550,40],{"class":51},[45,134552,2254],{"class":55},[45,134554,61180],{"class":51},[45,134556,2254],{"class":55},[45,134558,134559],{"class":51},"join\n",[1398,134561,134563,134566],{"id":134562},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134564,134565],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[36,134568,134570],{"className":38,"code":134569,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134571,134572,134605],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134573,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134601,134603],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134575,112941],{"class":51},[45,134577,56],{"class":55},[45,134579,1427],{"class":59},[45,134581,64],{"class":63},[45,134583,22420],{"class":67},[45,134585,64],{"class":63},[45,134587,84],{"class":59},[45,134589,76],{"class":63},[45,134591,30755],{"class":67},[45,134593,64],{"class":63},[45,134595,84],{"class":59},[45,134597,76],{"class":63},[45,134599,134600],{"class":67},"C",[45,134602,64],{"class":63},[45,134604,244],{"class":59},[45,134606,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134622],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134608,153],{"class":152},[45,134610,156],{"class":59},[45,134612,6493],{"class":63},[45,134614,132],{"class":59},[45,134616,133521],{"class":135},[45,134618,156],{"class":59},[45,134620,134621],{"class":135},"chars",[45,134623,179],{"class":59},[20,134625,182],{},[36,134627,134629],{"className":38,"code":134628,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ABC\n",[15,134630,134631],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134632,134633],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134634,134628],{"class":34445},[31,134636,134638],{"id":134637},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134640,134641,134643],{},[15,134642,133444],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1398,134645,134647],{"id":134646},"this-works","This works",[36,134649,134651],{"className":38,"code":134650,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134652,134653,134685],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134654,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134656,124],{"class":51},[45,134658,56],{"class":55},[45,134660,1427],{"class":59},[45,134662,64],{"class":63},[45,134664,2560],{"class":67},[45,134666,64],{"class":63},[45,134668,84],{"class":59},[45,134670,76],{"class":63},[45,134672,15948],{"class":67},[45,134674,64],{"class":63},[45,134676,84],{"class":59},[45,134678,76],{"class":63},[45,134680,36837],{"class":67},[45,134682,64],{"class":63},[45,134684,244],{"class":59},[45,134686,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134688,153],{"class":152},[45,134690,156],{"class":59},[45,134692,64],{"class":63},[45,134694,2419],{"class":67},[45,134696,64],{"class":63},[45,134698,132],{"class":59},[45,134700,133521],{"class":135},[45,134702,156],{"class":59},[45,134704,136],{"class":135},[45,134706,179],{"class":59},[20,134708,182],{},[36,134710,134712],{"className":38,"code":134711,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134713,134714],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134715,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134717,2560],{"class":96},[45,134719,84],{"class":59},[45,134721,97],{"class":96},[45,134723,84],{"class":59},[45,134725,134726],{"class":96}," 30\n",[1398,134728,134730],{"id":134729},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[36,134732,134734],{"className":38,"code":134733,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134735,134736,134756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134737,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134739,124],{"class":51},[45,134741,56],{"class":55},[45,134743,1427],{"class":59},[45,134745,1430],{"class":96},[45,134747,84],{"class":59},[45,134749,1035],{"class":96},[45,134751,84],{"class":59},[45,134753,1063],{"class":96},[45,134755,244],{"class":59},[45,134757,134758,134760,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134759,153],{"class":152},[45,134761,156],{"class":59},[45,134763,64],{"class":63},[45,134765,2419],{"class":67},[45,134767,64],{"class":63},[45,134769,132],{"class":59},[45,134771,133521],{"class":135},[45,134773,156],{"class":59},[45,134775,136],{"class":135},[45,134777,179],{"class":59},[20,134779,90318,134780,134782],{},[15,134781,3235],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134784,134785],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[36,134787,134789],{"className":38,"code":134788,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134790,134791,134811,134841,134845],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134792,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134794,124],{"class":51},[45,134796,56],{"class":55},[45,134798,1427],{"class":59},[45,134800,1430],{"class":96},[45,134802,84],{"class":59},[45,134804,1035],{"class":96},[45,134806,84],{"class":59},[45,134808,1063],{"class":96},[45,134810,244],{"class":59},[45,134812,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134814,716],{"class":51},[45,134816,56],{"class":55},[45,134818,76],{"class":63},[45,134820,2419],{"class":67},[45,134822,64],{"class":63},[45,134824,132],{"class":59},[45,134826,133521],{"class":135},[45,134828,156],{"class":59},[45,134830,39857],{"class":152},[45,134832,156],{"class":59},[45,134834,3669],{"class":171},[45,134836,84],{"class":59},[45,134838,4113],{"class":135},[45,134840,179],{"class":59},[45,134842,134843],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,134844,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,134846,134847,134849,134851,134853],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,134848,153],{"class":152},[45,134850,156],{"class":59},[45,134852,740],{"class":135},[45,134854,161],{"class":59},[20,134856,182],{},[36,134858,134860],{"className":38,"code":134859,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134861,134862],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134863,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134865,1430],{"class":96},[45,134867,84],{"class":59},[45,134869,1035],{"class":96},[45,134871,84],{"class":59},[45,134873,2807],{"class":96},[20,134875,134876,134877,132],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[277,134878,3802,134879,3735],{"href":42174},[15,134880,47685],{},[1398,134882,134884,134886],{"id":134883},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134885,4006],{}," values do not work directly",[36,134888,134890],{"className":38,"code":134889,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134891,134892,134920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134893,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134895,124],{"class":51},[45,134897,56],{"class":55},[45,134899,1427],{"class":59},[45,134901,64],{"class":63},[45,134903,1028],{"class":67},[45,134905,64],{"class":63},[45,134907,84],{"class":59},[45,134909,4081],{"class":4080},[45,134911,84],{"class":59},[45,134913,76],{"class":63},[45,134915,1042],{"class":67},[45,134917,64],{"class":63},[45,134919,244],{"class":59},[45,134921,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134923,153],{"class":152},[45,134925,156],{"class":59},[45,134927,64],{"class":63},[45,134929,2419],{"class":67},[45,134931,64],{"class":63},[45,134933,132],{"class":59},[45,134935,133521],{"class":135},[45,134937,156],{"class":59},[45,134939,136],{"class":135},[45,134941,179],{"class":59},[20,134943,134944,134945,132],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134946,3235],{},[20,134948,134949],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[36,134951,134953],{"className":38,"code":134952,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134954,134955,134983,135013,135017],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,134956,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,134958,124],{"class":51},[45,134960,56],{"class":55},[45,134962,1427],{"class":59},[45,134964,64],{"class":63},[45,134966,1028],{"class":67},[45,134968,64],{"class":63},[45,134970,84],{"class":59},[45,134972,4081],{"class":4080},[45,134974,84],{"class":59},[45,134976,76],{"class":63},[45,134978,1042],{"class":67},[45,134980,64],{"class":63},[45,134982,244],{"class":59},[45,134984,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,134986,716],{"class":51},[45,134988,56],{"class":55},[45,134990,76],{"class":63},[45,134992,2419],{"class":67},[45,134994,64],{"class":63},[45,134996,132],{"class":59},[45,134998,133521],{"class":135},[45,135000,156],{"class":59},[45,135002,39857],{"class":152},[45,135004,156],{"class":59},[45,135006,3669],{"class":171},[45,135008,84],{"class":59},[45,135010,4113],{"class":135},[45,135012,179],{"class":59},[45,135014,135015],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,135016,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,135018,135019,135021,135023,135025],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,135020,153],{"class":152},[45,135022,156],{"class":59},[45,135024,740],{"class":135},[45,135026,161],{"class":59},[20,135028,182],{},[36,135030,135032],{"className":38,"code":135031,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135033,135034],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135035,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135037,1028],{"class":51},[45,135039,84],{"class":59},[45,135041,4081],{"class":4080},[45,135043,84],{"class":59},[45,135045,135046],{"class":51}," banana\n",[20,135048,135049,135050,135052],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135051,4006],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1398,135054,135056,135058],{"id":135055},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135057,133444],{}," also works with tuples",[36,135060,135062],{"className":38,"code":135061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135063,135064,135096],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135065,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086,135088,135090,135092,135094],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135067,5219],{"class":51},[45,135069,56],{"class":55},[45,135071,9453],{"class":59},[45,135073,64],{"class":63},[45,135075,7898],{"class":67},[45,135077,64],{"class":63},[45,135079,84],{"class":59},[45,135081,76],{"class":63},[45,135083,131450],{"class":67},[45,135085,64],{"class":63},[45,135087,84],{"class":59},[45,135089,76],{"class":63},[45,135091,388],{"class":67},[45,135093,64],{"class":63},[45,135095,161],{"class":59},[45,135097,135098,135100,135102,135104,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135099,153],{"class":152},[45,135101,156],{"class":59},[45,135103,64],{"class":63},[45,135105,135106],{"class":67}," \u002F ",[45,135108,64],{"class":63},[45,135110,132],{"class":59},[45,135112,133521],{"class":135},[45,135114,156],{"class":59},[45,135116,5263],{"class":135},[45,135118,179],{"class":59},[20,135120,182],{},[36,135122,135124],{"className":38,"code":135123,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135125,135126],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135127,135128,135131,135133,135136,135138],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135129,135130],{"class":51},"Sam ",[45,135132,127254],{"class":55},[45,135134,135135],{"class":51}," Lee ",[45,135137,127254],{"class":55},[45,135139,22509],{"class":51},[31,135141,135143,135144],{"id":135142},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135145,133444],{},[20,135147,135148],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1398,135150,135152,135153,135155],{"id":135151},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135154,3235],{}," because not all items are strings",[36,135157,135159],{"className":38,"code":135158,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135160,135161,135189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135162,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135164,8001],{"class":51},[45,135166,56],{"class":55},[45,135168,1427],{"class":59},[45,135170,64],{"class":63},[45,135172,277],{"class":67},[45,135174,64],{"class":63},[45,135176,84],{"class":59},[45,135178,1035],{"class":96},[45,135180,84],{"class":59},[45,135182,76],{"class":63},[45,135184,9951],{"class":67},[45,135186,64],{"class":63},[45,135188,244],{"class":59},[45,135190,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135192,153],{"class":152},[45,135194,156],{"class":59},[45,135196,64],{"class":63},[45,135198,76],{"class":63},[45,135200,132],{"class":59},[45,135202,133521],{"class":135},[45,135204,156],{"class":59},[45,135206,1289],{"class":135},[45,135208,179],{"class":59},[20,135210,48512,135211,135213],{},[15,135212,1133],{}," is an integer.",[20,135215,39259],{},[36,135217,135219],{"className":38,"code":135218,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135220,135221,135249],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135222,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135224,8001],{"class":51},[45,135226,56],{"class":55},[45,135228,1427],{"class":59},[45,135230,64],{"class":63},[45,135232,277],{"class":67},[45,135234,64],{"class":63},[45,135236,84],{"class":59},[45,135238,1035],{"class":96},[45,135240,84],{"class":59},[45,135242,76],{"class":63},[45,135244,9951],{"class":67},[45,135246,64],{"class":63},[45,135248,244],{"class":59},[45,135250,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135252,153],{"class":152},[45,135254,156],{"class":59},[45,135256,64],{"class":63},[45,135258,76],{"class":63},[45,135260,132],{"class":59},[45,135262,133521],{"class":135},[45,135264,156],{"class":59},[45,135266,39857],{"class":152},[45,135268,156],{"class":59},[45,135270,3669],{"class":171},[45,135272,84],{"class":59},[45,135274,6186],{"class":135},[45,135276,3143],{"class":59},[20,135278,135279,135280,132],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[277,135281,1495,135283],{"href":135282},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135284,135285],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1398,135287,135289,135290,135292],{"id":135288},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135291,133444],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135294,4749],{},[36,135296,135298],{"className":38,"code":135297,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135299,135300,135332],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135301,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135303,4296],{"class":51},[45,135305,56],{"class":55},[45,135307,1427],{"class":59},[45,135309,64],{"class":63},[45,135311,7518],{"class":67},[45,135313,64],{"class":63},[45,135315,84],{"class":59},[45,135317,76],{"class":63},[45,135319,12395],{"class":67},[45,135321,64],{"class":63},[45,135323,84],{"class":59},[45,135325,76],{"class":63},[45,135327,133502],{"class":67},[45,135329,64],{"class":63},[45,135331,244],{"class":59},[45,135333,135334,135336,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348,135350],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135335,716],{"class":51},[45,135337,56],{"class":55},[45,135339,6389],{"class":51},[45,135341,132],{"class":59},[45,135343,133521],{"class":135},[45,135345,156],{"class":59},[45,135347,64],{"class":63},[45,135349,76],{"class":63},[45,135351,161],{"class":59},[20,135353,135354,135356],{},[15,135355,133444],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135358,11015],{},[36,135360,135362],{"className":38,"code":135361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135363,135364,135396,135416,135420],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135365,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135367,4296],{"class":51},[45,135369,56],{"class":55},[45,135371,1427],{"class":59},[45,135373,64],{"class":63},[45,135375,7518],{"class":67},[45,135377,64],{"class":63},[45,135379,84],{"class":59},[45,135381,76],{"class":63},[45,135383,12395],{"class":67},[45,135385,64],{"class":63},[45,135387,84],{"class":59},[45,135389,76],{"class":63},[45,135391,133502],{"class":67},[45,135393,64],{"class":63},[45,135395,244],{"class":59},[45,135397,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135399,716],{"class":51},[45,135401,56],{"class":55},[45,135403,76],{"class":63},[45,135405,76],{"class":63},[45,135407,132],{"class":59},[45,135409,133521],{"class":135},[45,135411,156],{"class":59},[45,135413,4338],{"class":135},[45,135415,161],{"class":59},[45,135417,135418],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,135419,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,135421,135422,135424,135426,135428],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,135423,153],{"class":152},[45,135425,156],{"class":59},[45,135427,740],{"class":135},[45,135429,161],{"class":59},[1398,135431,135433],{"id":135432},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[36,135435,135437],{"className":38,"code":135436,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135438,135439,135471],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135440,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457,135459,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135442,4296],{"class":51},[45,135444,56],{"class":55},[45,135446,1427],{"class":59},[45,135448,64],{"class":63},[45,135450,6806],{"class":67},[45,135452,64],{"class":63},[45,135454,84],{"class":59},[45,135456,76],{"class":63},[45,135458,79278],{"class":67},[45,135460,64],{"class":63},[45,135462,84],{"class":59},[45,135464,76],{"class":63},[45,135466,134248],{"class":67},[45,135468,64],{"class":63},[45,135470,244],{"class":59},[45,135472,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135474,153],{"class":152},[45,135476,156],{"class":59},[45,135478,6493],{"class":63},[45,135480,132],{"class":59},[45,135482,133521],{"class":135},[45,135484,156],{"class":59},[45,135486,4338],{"class":135},[45,135488,179],{"class":59},[20,135490,182],{},[36,135492,135494],{"className":38,"code":135493,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"onetwothree\n",[15,135495,135496],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135497,135498],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135499,135493],{"class":51},[20,135501,135502,135503,6852],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135504,133589],{},[1398,135506,135508,135509,131712],{"id":135507},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135510,133444],{},[36,135512,135514],{"className":38,"code":135513,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135515,135516,135548,135566,135570],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135517,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135519,4296],{"class":51},[45,135521,56],{"class":55},[45,135523,1427],{"class":59},[45,135525,64],{"class":63},[45,135527,277],{"class":67},[45,135529,64],{"class":63},[45,135531,84],{"class":59},[45,135533,76],{"class":63},[45,135535,1930],{"class":67},[45,135537,64],{"class":63},[45,135539,84],{"class":59},[45,135541,76],{"class":63},[45,135543,9951],{"class":67},[45,135545,64],{"class":63},[45,135547,244],{"class":59},[45,135549,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135551,64],{"class":43328},[45,135553,2254],{"class":43332},[45,135555,64],{"class":43328},[45,135557,132],{"class":59},[45,135559,133521],{"class":135},[45,135561,156],{"class":59},[45,135563,4338],{"class":135},[45,135565,161],{"class":59},[45,135567,135568],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,135569,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,135571,135572,135574,135576,135578],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,135573,153],{"class":152},[45,135575,156],{"class":59},[45,135577,4338],{"class":135},[45,135579,161],{"class":59},[20,135581,182],{},[36,135583,135584],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,135585,135586],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135587,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135589,223],{"class":59},[45,135591,198],{"class":63},[45,135593,277],{"class":67},[45,135595,198],{"class":63},[45,135597,84],{"class":59},[45,135599,211],{"class":63},[45,135601,1930],{"class":67},[45,135603,198],{"class":63},[45,135605,84],{"class":59},[45,135607,211],{"class":63},[45,135609,9951],{"class":67},[45,135611,198],{"class":63},[45,135613,244],{"class":59},[20,135615,135616,135617,135619],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135618,133444],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[31,135621,135623,135625,135626],{"id":135622},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135624,133444],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135627,2291],{},[20,135629,10800,135630,329,135632,135634],{},[15,135631,133444],{},[15,135633,2291],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1398,135636,1006,135638,135640],{"id":135637},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135639,2291],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[36,135642,135644],{"className":38,"code":135643,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135645,135646,135659,135672,135692,135696],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135647,135648,135651,135653,135655,135657],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135649,135650],{"class":51},"first ",[45,135652,56],{"class":55},[45,135654,76],{"class":63},[45,135656,34860],{"class":67},[45,135658,468],{"class":63},[45,135660,135661,135664,135666,135668,135670],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135662,135663],{"class":51},"second ",[45,135665,56],{"class":55},[45,135667,76],{"class":63},[45,135669,89747],{"class":67},[45,135671,468],{"class":63},[45,135673,135674,135676,135678,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,135675,716],{"class":51},[45,135677,56],{"class":55},[45,135679,135680],{"class":51}," first ",[45,135682,2291],{"class":55},[45,135684,76],{"class":63},[45,135686,76],{"class":63},[45,135688,2684],{"class":55},[45,135690,135691],{"class":51}," second\n",[45,135693,135694],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,135695,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,135697,135698,135700,135702,135704],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,135699,153],{"class":152},[45,135701,156],{"class":59},[45,135703,740],{"class":135},[45,135705,161],{"class":59},[20,135707,182],{},[36,135709,135711],{"className":38,"code":135710,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Hello World\n",[15,135712,135713],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135714,135715],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135716,135710],{"class":51},[1398,135718,1006,135720,135722],{"id":135719},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135721,133444],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[36,135724,135726],{"className":38,"code":135725,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135727,135728,135770,135790,135794],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135729,135730,135732,135734,135736,135738,135740,135742,135744,135746,135749,135751,135753,135755,135758,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135731,4296],{"class":51},[45,135733,56],{"class":55},[45,135735,1427],{"class":59},[45,135737,64],{"class":63},[45,135739,7518],{"class":67},[45,135741,64],{"class":63},[45,135743,84],{"class":59},[45,135745,76],{"class":63},[45,135747,135748],{"class":67},"makes",[45,135750,64],{"class":63},[45,135752,84],{"class":59},[45,135754,76],{"class":63},[45,135756,135757],{"class":67},"this",[45,135759,64],{"class":63},[45,135761,84],{"class":59},[45,135763,76],{"class":63},[45,135765,133943],{"class":67},[45,135767,64],{"class":63},[45,135769,244],{"class":59},[45,135771,135772,135774,135776,135778,135780,135782,135784,135786,135788],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135773,716],{"class":51},[45,135775,56],{"class":55},[45,135777,76],{"class":63},[45,135779,76],{"class":63},[45,135781,132],{"class":59},[45,135783,133521],{"class":135},[45,135785,156],{"class":59},[45,135787,4338],{"class":135},[45,135789,161],{"class":59},[45,135791,135792],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,135793,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,135795,135796,135798,135800,135802],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,135797,153],{"class":152},[45,135799,156],{"class":59},[45,135801,740],{"class":135},[45,135803,161],{"class":59},[20,135805,182],{},[36,135807,135809],{"className":38,"code":135808,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135810,135811],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135812,135813],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135814,135808],{"class":51},[20,135816,135817,135819],{},[15,135818,133444],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[258,135821,135822,135825,135828],{},[261,135823,135824],{},"You already have a list of strings",[261,135826,135827],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[261,135829,135830,135831,135833],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135832,2291],{}," operators",[20,135835,135836,135837,132],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[277,135838,135840],{"href":135839},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[31,135842,135844],{"id":135843},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135846,9093,135847,135849],{},[15,135848,133444],{}," is not working, check these first:",[258,135851,135852,135855,135860,135869,135875],{},[261,135853,135854],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[261,135856,135857,135858],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135859,4006],{},[261,135861,135862,135863,1800,135866],{},"You may have written ",[15,135864,135865],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135867,135868],{},"string.join(...)",[261,135870,135871,135872,135874],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135873,133444],{}," to change the original iterable",[261,135876,135877],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135879,94387],{},[36,135881,135883],{"className":38,"code":135882,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135884,135885,135899,135909,135933,135973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,135886,135887,135889,135891,135893,135895,135897],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,135888,153],{"class":152},[45,135890,156],{"class":59},[45,135892,1478],{"class":171},[45,135894,156],{"class":59},[45,135896,1289],{"class":135},[45,135898,179],{"class":59},[45,135900,135901,135903,135905,135907],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,135902,153],{"class":152},[45,135904,156],{"class":59},[45,135906,1289],{"class":135},[45,135908,161],{"class":59},[45,135910,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,135912,153],{"class":152},[45,135914,195],{"class":59},[45,135916,1478],{"class":171},[45,135918,156],{"class":59},[45,135920,23483],{"class":135},[45,135922,3889],{"class":59},[45,135924,4105],{"class":921},[45,135926,6181],{"class":135},[45,135928,927],{"class":921},[45,135930,6186],{"class":135},[45,135932,218],{"class":59},[45,135934,135935,135937,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949,135951,135953,135955,135957,135959,135961,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,135936,153],{"class":152},[45,135938,156],{"class":59},[45,135940,198],{"class":63},[45,135942,211],{"class":63},[45,135944,132],{"class":59},[45,135946,133521],{"class":135},[45,135948,195],{"class":59},[45,135950,198],{"class":63},[45,135952,277],{"class":67},[45,135954,198],{"class":63},[45,135956,84],{"class":59},[45,135958,211],{"class":63},[45,135960,1930],{"class":67},[45,135962,198],{"class":63},[45,135964,84],{"class":59},[45,135966,211],{"class":63},[45,135968,9951],{"class":67},[45,135970,198],{"class":63},[45,135972,3229],{"class":59},[45,135974,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,135976,153],{"class":152},[45,135978,156],{"class":59},[45,135980,198],{"class":63},[45,135982,2419],{"class":67},[45,135984,198],{"class":63},[45,135986,132],{"class":59},[45,135988,133521],{"class":135},[45,135990,156],{"class":59},[45,135992,39857],{"class":152},[45,135994,156],{"class":59},[45,135996,3669],{"class":171},[45,135998,84],{"class":59},[45,136000,1427],{"class":59},[45,136002,1430],{"class":96},[45,136004,84],{"class":59},[45,136006,1035],{"class":96},[45,136008,84],{"class":59},[45,136010,1063],{"class":96},[45,136012,37261],{"class":59},[20,136014,136015],{},"What these checks do:",[258,136017,136018,136026,136032,136038,136047],{},[261,136019,136020,136023,136024,8315],{},[15,136021,136022],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136025,1289],{},[261,136027,136028,136031],{},[15,136029,136030],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[261,136033,136034,136037],{},[15,136035,136036],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[261,136039,136040,136043,136044,136046],{},[15,136041,136042],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136045,133444],{}," behavior",[261,136048,136049,136052],{},[15,136050,136051],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[31,136054,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,136056,2062,136058,136060],{"id":136057},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136059,133444],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136062,136063,136064,136066,136067,132],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136065,133444],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136068,136069],{},"map(str, values)",[1398,136071,2062,136073,57168],{"id":136072},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136074,133444],{},[20,136076,136077],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1398,136079,28485,136081,62641],{"id":136080},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136082,133444],{},[20,136084,42151,136085,136087],{},[15,136086,133444],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1398,136089,2049,136091,39958],{"id":136090},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136092,136093],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136095,136096],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1398,136098,136100,136101,136103,136104,2079],{"id":136099},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136102,3235],{}," when using ",[15,136105,133444],{},[20,136107,136108],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[31,136110,2114],{"id":2113},[258,136112,136113,136118,136124,136130,136136],{},[261,136114,136115],{},[277,136116,136117],{"href":135839},"How to join strings in Python",[261,136119,136120],{},[277,136121,126362,136122,994],{"href":129049},[15,136123,60537],{},[261,136125,136126],{},[277,136127,3802,136128,3735],{"href":42174},[15,136129,47685],{},[261,136131,136132],{},[277,136133,2149,136134],{"href":135282},[15,136135,135285],{},[261,136137,136138],{},[277,136139,125117],{"href":50978},[20,136141,97357,136142,136144],{},[15,136143,133444],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2154,136146,136147],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":136149},[136150,136151,136153,136156,136163,136173,136181,136191,136198,136199,136211],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":133561,"depth":121,"text":136152},"What join() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":136154},[136155],{"id":49011,"depth":142,"text":49012},{"id":121892,"depth":121,"text":121893,"children":136157},[136158,136159,136160,136161],{"id":133908,"depth":142,"text":133909},{"id":134000,"depth":142,"text":134001},{"id":134101,"depth":142,"text":134102},{"id":134210,"depth":142,"text":136162},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134313,"depth":121,"text":134314,"children":136164},[136165,136167,136169,136171],{"id":134320,"depth":142,"text":136166},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134387,"depth":142,"text":136168},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134476,"depth":142,"text":136170},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134562,"depth":142,"text":136172},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134637,"depth":121,"text":134638,"children":136174},[136175,136176,136177,136179],{"id":134646,"depth":142,"text":134647},{"id":134729,"depth":142,"text":134730},{"id":134883,"depth":142,"text":136178},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135055,"depth":142,"text":136180},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135142,"depth":121,"text":136182,"children":136183},"Common errors with join()",[136184,136186,136188,136189],{"id":135151,"depth":142,"text":136185},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135288,"depth":142,"text":136187},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135432,"depth":142,"text":135433},{"id":135507,"depth":142,"text":136190},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135622,"depth":121,"text":136192,"children":136193},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136194,136196],{"id":135637,"depth":142,"text":136195},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135719,"depth":142,"text":136197},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135843,"depth":121,"text":135844},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":136200},[136201,136203,136205,136207,136209],{"id":136057,"depth":142,"text":136202},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136072,"depth":142,"text":136204},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136080,"depth":142,"text":136206},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136090,"depth":142,"text":136208},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136099,"depth":142,"text":136210},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133436,"description":136212},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136219,"title":136220,"body":136221,"description":137789,"extension":2195,"meta":137790,"navigation":145,"path":137791,"seo":137792,"stem":137793,"__hash__":137794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136222,"toc":137756},[136223,136228,136233,136235,136249,136294,136301,136306,136311,136313,136329,136338,136340,136342,136357,136359,136369,136371,136433,136435,136438,136499,136501,136517,136519,136532,136535,136582,136584,136590,136593,136596,136656,136664,136750,136754,136759,136761,136775,136778,136863,136866,136924,136935,136990,136992,136999,137005,137011,137055,137058,137105,137107,137109,137116,137118,137149,137152,137154,137185,137189,137192,137194,137234,137236,137279,137285,137290,137292,137319,137324,137327,137376,137380,137383,137458,137469,137472,137529,137536,137542,137550,137555,137562,137569,137587,137589,137643,137651,137653,137658,137661,137667,137673,137678,137681,137687,137693,137700,137708,137710,137753],[10,136224,123362,136226,18],{"id":136225},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136227,124092],{},[20,136229,123367,136230,136232],{},[15,136231,124092],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136234,24256],{},[258,136236,136237,136240,136243,136246],{},[261,136238,136239],{},"convert text to lowercase",[261,136241,136242],{},"compare text without case differences",[261,136244,136245],{},"clean up user input",[261,136247,136248],{},"make simple text matching easier",[36,136250,136252],{"className":38,"code":136251,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136253,136254,136267,136281],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136255,136256,136258,136260,136262,136265],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136257,34680],{"class":51},[45,136259,56],{"class":55},[45,136261,76],{"class":63},[45,136263,136264],{"class":67},"Hello WORLD",[45,136266,468],{"class":63},[45,136268,136269,136271,136273,136275,136277,136279],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136270,716],{"class":51},[45,136272,56],{"class":55},[45,136274,42841],{"class":51},[45,136276,132],{"class":59},[45,136278,8858],{"class":135},[45,136280,139],{"class":59},[45,136282,136283,136285,136287,136289,136291],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136284,153],{"class":152},[45,136286,156],{"class":59},[45,136288,740],{"class":135},[45,136290,3889],{"class":59},[45,136292,136293],{"class":1712},"  # hello world\n",[20,136295,136296,88970,136298,136300],{},[355,136297,83828],{},[15,136299,124092],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[31,136302,253,136304,256],{"id":136303},"what-lower-does",[15,136305,124092],{},[20,136307,136308,136310],{},[15,136309,124092],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136312,303],{},[258,136314,136315,136320,136323,136326],{},[261,136316,136317,136319],{},[15,136318,124092],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[261,136321,136322],{},"It works on string objects",[261,136324,136325],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[261,136327,136328],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136330,125114,136331,136335,136336,132],{},[277,136332,136334],{"href":136333},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[277,136337,50979],{"href":50978},[31,136339,284],{"id":283},[20,136341,2389],{},[36,136343,136345],{"className":38,"code":136344,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.lower()\n",[15,136346,136347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136348,136349,136351,136353,136355],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136350,61180],{"class":51},[45,136352,132],{"class":59},[45,136354,8858],{"class":135},[45,136356,139],{"class":59},[20,136358,43650],{},[258,136360,136361,136363,136366],{},[261,136362,97535],{},[261,136364,136365],{},"You call it directly on a string",[261,136367,136368],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136370,361],{},[36,136372,136374],{"className":38,"code":136373,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136375,136376,136399,136403,136416],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136377,136378,136380,136382,136384,136387,136389,136391,136393,136396],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136379,153],{"class":152},[45,136381,156],{"class":59},[45,136383,64],{"class":63},[45,136385,136386],{"class":67},"HELLO",[45,136388,64],{"class":63},[45,136390,132],{"class":59},[45,136392,8858],{"class":135},[45,136394,136395],{"class":59},"())",[45,136397,136398],{"class":1712},"  # hello\n",[45,136400,136401],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136402,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136404,136405,136407,136409,136411,136414],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136406,8097],{"class":51},[45,136408,56],{"class":55},[45,136410,76],{"class":63},[45,136412,136413],{"class":67},"PyThOn",[45,136415,468],{"class":63},[45,136417,136418,136420,136422,136424,136426,136428,136430],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136419,153],{"class":152},[45,136421,156],{"class":59},[45,136423,68],{"class":135},[45,136425,132],{"class":59},[45,136427,8858],{"class":135},[45,136429,136395],{"class":59},[45,136431,136432],{"class":1712},"  # python\n",[31,136434,640],{"id":639},[20,136436,136437],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[36,136439,136441],{"className":38,"code":136440,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136442,136443,136455,136459,136474,136478,136489],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136444,136445,136447,136449,136451,136453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136446,34680],{"class":51},[45,136448,56],{"class":55},[45,136450,76],{"class":63},[45,136452,136264],{"class":67},[45,136454,468],{"class":63},[45,136456,136457],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136458,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136460,136461,136464,136466,136468,136470,136472],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136462,136463],{"class":51},"lower_text ",[45,136465,56],{"class":55},[45,136467,42841],{"class":51},[45,136469,132],{"class":59},[45,136471,8858],{"class":135},[45,136473,139],{"class":59},[45,136475,136476],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136477,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136479,136480,136482,136484,136487],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,136481,153],{"class":152},[45,136483,156],{"class":59},[45,136485,136486],{"class":135},"lower_text",[45,136488,161],{"class":59},[45,136490,136491,136493,136495,136497],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,136492,153],{"class":152},[45,136494,156],{"class":59},[45,136496,34701],{"class":135},[45,136498,161],{"class":59},[20,136500,182],{},[36,136502,136504],{"className":38,"code":136503,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136505,136506,136510],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136507,136508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136509,134378],{"class":51},[45,136511,136512,136514],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136513,131778],{"class":51},[45,136515,136516],{"class":34445},"WORLD\n",[20,136518,24776],{},[258,136520,136521,136526],{},[261,136522,136523,136525],{},[15,136524,124092],{}," returns the lowercase result",[261,136527,136528,136529,136531],{},"the original ",[15,136530,34701],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136533,136534],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[36,136536,136538],{"className":38,"code":136537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136539,136540,136552,136566,136570],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136541,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136543,34680],{"class":51},[45,136545,56],{"class":55},[45,136547,76],{"class":63},[45,136549,136264],{"class":67},[45,136551,468],{"class":63},[45,136553,136554,136556,136558,136560,136562,136564],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136555,34680],{"class":51},[45,136557,56],{"class":55},[45,136559,42841],{"class":51},[45,136561,132],{"class":59},[45,136563,8858],{"class":135},[45,136565,139],{"class":59},[45,136567,136568],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136569,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136571,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136573,153],{"class":152},[45,136575,156],{"class":59},[45,136577,34701],{"class":135},[45,136579,3889],{"class":59},[45,136581,136293],{"class":1712},[31,136583,17601],{"id":17600},[20,136585,136586,347,136588,132],{},[15,136587,124092],{},[355,136589,61180],{},[20,136591,136592],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136594,136595],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[36,136597,136599],{"className":38,"code":136598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136600,136601,136615,136619,136642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136602,136603,136606,136608,136610,136613],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136604,136605],{"class":51},"answer ",[45,136607,56],{"class":55},[45,136609,76],{"class":63},[45,136611,136612],{"class":67},"YES",[45,136614,468],{"class":63},[45,136616,136617],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136618,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136620,136621,136623,136626,136628,136630,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136622,7219],{"class":921},[45,136624,136625],{"class":51}," answer",[45,136627,132],{"class":59},[45,136629,8858],{"class":135},[45,136631,7587],{"class":59},[45,136633,6629],{"class":55},[45,136635,76],{"class":63},[45,136637,8875],{"class":67},[45,136639,64],{"class":63},[45,136641,6614],{"class":59},[45,136643,136644,136646,136648,136650,136652,136654],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136645,942],{"class":152},[45,136647,156],{"class":59},[45,136649,64],{"class":63},[45,136651,96844],{"class":67},[45,136653,64],{"class":63},[45,136655,161],{"class":59},[20,136657,136658,136659,73],{},"This is especially useful with ",[277,136660,136661,136662,2532],{"href":8438},"the ",[15,136663,3189],{},[36,136665,136667],{"className":38,"code":136666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136668,136669,136688,136692,136714,136729,136735],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136670,136671,136673,136675,136677,136679,136681,136684,136686],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136672,136605],{"class":51},[45,136674,56],{"class":55},[45,136676,8461],{"class":152},[45,136678,156],{"class":59},[45,136680,64],{"class":63},[45,136682,136683],{"class":67},"Type yes or no: ",[45,136685,64],{"class":63},[45,136687,161],{"class":59},[45,136689,136690],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136691,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136693,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710,136712],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136695,7219],{"class":921},[45,136697,136625],{"class":51},[45,136699,132],{"class":59},[45,136701,8858],{"class":135},[45,136703,7587],{"class":59},[45,136705,6629],{"class":55},[45,136707,76],{"class":63},[45,136709,8875],{"class":67},[45,136711,64],{"class":63},[45,136713,6614],{"class":59},[45,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722,136725,136727],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136717,942],{"class":152},[45,136719,156],{"class":59},[45,136721,64],{"class":63},[45,136723,136724],{"class":67},"You typed yes",[45,136726,64],{"class":63},[45,136728,161],{"class":59},[45,136730,136731,136733],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,136732,27590],{"class":921},[45,136734,6614],{"class":59},[45,136736,136737,136739,136741,136743,136746,136748],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,136738,942],{"class":152},[45,136740,156],{"class":59},[45,136742,64],{"class":63},[45,136744,136745],{"class":67},"You typed something else",[45,136747,64],{"class":63},[45,136749,161],{"class":59},[31,136751,136753],{"id":136752},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136755,136756,136758],{},[15,136757,124092],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136760,7564],{},[258,136762,136763,136766,136769,136772],{},[261,136764,136765],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[261,136767,136768],{},"Make text matching easier",[261,136770,136771],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[261,136773,136774],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136776,136777],{},"Example: checking user input",[36,136779,136781],{"className":38,"code":136780,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136782,136783,136801,136805,136827,136842,136848],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136793,136795,136797,136799],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136786,44959],{"class":51},[45,136788,56],{"class":55},[45,136790,8461],{"class":152},[45,136792,156],{"class":59},[45,136794,64],{"class":63},[45,136796,44970],{"class":67},[45,136798,64],{"class":63},[45,136800,161],{"class":59},[45,136802,136803],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136804,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136806,136807,136809,136811,136813,136815,136817,136819,136821,136823,136825],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136808,7219],{"class":921},[45,136810,35845],{"class":51},[45,136812,132],{"class":59},[45,136814,8858],{"class":135},[45,136816,7587],{"class":59},[45,136818,6629],{"class":55},[45,136820,76],{"class":63},[45,136822,703],{"class":67},[45,136824,64],{"class":63},[45,136826,6614],{"class":59},[45,136828,136829,136831,136833,136835,136838,136840],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136830,942],{"class":152},[45,136832,156],{"class":59},[45,136834,64],{"class":63},[45,136836,136837],{"class":67},"Nice choice!",[45,136839,64],{"class":63},[45,136841,161],{"class":59},[45,136843,136844,136846],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,136845,27590],{"class":921},[45,136847,6614],{"class":59},[45,136849,136850,136852,136854,136856,136859,136861],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,136851,942],{"class":152},[45,136853,156],{"class":59},[45,136855,64],{"class":63},[45,136857,136858],{"class":67},"Got it.",[45,136860,64],{"class":63},[45,136862,161],{"class":59},[20,136864,136865],{},"Example: simple search",[36,136867,136869],{"className":38,"code":136868,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136870,136871,136884,136888,136909],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136872,136873,136875,136877,136879,136882],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136874,90014],{"class":51},[45,136876,56],{"class":55},[45,136878,76],{"class":63},[45,136880,136881],{"class":67},"Python Is Fun",[45,136883,468],{"class":63},[45,136885,136886],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136887,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136889,136890,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900,136903,136905,136907],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136891,7219],{"class":921},[45,136893,76],{"class":63},[45,136895,40],{"class":67},[45,136897,64],{"class":63},[45,136899,21352],{"class":55},[45,136901,136902],{"class":51}," message",[45,136904,132],{"class":59},[45,136906,8858],{"class":135},[45,136908,937],{"class":59},[45,136910,136911,136913,136915,136917,136920,136922],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136912,942],{"class":152},[45,136914,156],{"class":59},[45,136916,64],{"class":63},[45,136918,136919],{"class":67},"Found it",[45,136921,64],{"class":63},[45,136923,161],{"class":59},[20,136925,136926,136927,136929,136930,73],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136928,124092],{}," is often used with ",[277,136931,136933],{"href":136932},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136934,41652],{},[36,136936,136938],{"className":38,"code":136937,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136939,136940,136953,136972,136976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136951],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,136943,8097],{"class":51},[45,136945,56],{"class":55},[45,136947,76],{"class":63},[45,136949,136950],{"class":67},"  ALICE  ",[45,136952,468],{"class":63},[45,136954,136955,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966,136968,136970],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,136956,136957],{"class":51},"clean_name ",[45,136959,56],{"class":55},[45,136961,35986],{"class":51},[45,136963,132],{"class":59},[45,136965,8852],{"class":135},[45,136967,8855],{"class":59},[45,136969,8858],{"class":135},[45,136971,139],{"class":59},[45,136973,136974],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,136975,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,136977,136978,136980,136982,136985,136987],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,136979,153],{"class":152},[45,136981,156],{"class":59},[45,136983,136984],{"class":135},"clean_name",[45,136986,3889],{"class":59},[45,136988,136989],{"class":1712},"  # alice\n",[31,136991,15790],{"id":15789},[20,136993,136994,136995,136998],{},"Strings are ",[355,136996,136997],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137000,137001,137002,137004],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137003,124092],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137006,137007,137008,137010],{},"So this does ",[355,137009,4854],{}," update the original variable:",[36,137012,137014],{"className":38,"code":137013,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137015,137016,137028,137038,137042],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137017,137018,137020,137022,137024,137026],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137019,34680],{"class":51},[45,137021,56],{"class":55},[45,137023,76],{"class":63},[45,137025,136386],{"class":67},[45,137027,468],{"class":63},[45,137029,137030,137032,137034,137036],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137031,34701],{"class":51},[45,137033,132],{"class":59},[45,137035,8858],{"class":135},[45,137037,139],{"class":59},[45,137039,137040],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137041,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,137043,137044,137046,137048,137050,137052],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,137045,153],{"class":152},[45,137047,156],{"class":59},[45,137049,34701],{"class":135},[45,137051,3889],{"class":59},[45,137053,137054],{"class":1712},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137056,137057],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[36,137059,137061],{"className":38,"code":137060,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137062,137063,137075,137089,137093],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137064,137065,137067,137069,137071,137073],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137066,34680],{"class":51},[45,137068,56],{"class":55},[45,137070,76],{"class":63},[45,137072,136386],{"class":67},[45,137074,468],{"class":63},[45,137076,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085,137087],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137078,34680],{"class":51},[45,137080,56],{"class":55},[45,137082,42841],{"class":51},[45,137084,132],{"class":59},[45,137086,8858],{"class":135},[45,137088,139],{"class":59},[45,137090,137091],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137092,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,137094,137095,137097,137099,137101,137103],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,137096,153],{"class":152},[45,137098,156],{"class":59},[45,137100,34701],{"class":135},[45,137102,3889],{"class":59},[45,137104,136398],{"class":1712},[31,137106,3061],{"id":3060},[1398,137108,25845],{"id":25844},[20,137110,137111,137112,1800,137114,132],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137113,8858],{},[15,137115,124092],{},[20,137117,1412],{},[36,137119,137121],{"className":38,"code":137120,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137122,137123,137135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137124,137125,137127,137129,137131,137133],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137126,34680],{"class":51},[45,137128,56],{"class":55},[45,137130,76],{"class":63},[45,137132,136386],{"class":67},[45,137134,468],{"class":63},[45,137136,137137,137139,137141,137143,137145,137147],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137138,153],{"class":152},[45,137140,156],{"class":59},[45,137142,34701],{"class":135},[45,137144,132],{"class":59},[45,137146,8858],{"class":1863},[45,137148,161],{"class":59},[20,137150,137151],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137153,16848],{},[36,137155,137157],{"className":38,"code":137156,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137158,137159,137171],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137160,137161,137163,137165,137167,137169],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137162,34680],{"class":51},[45,137164,56],{"class":55},[45,137166,76],{"class":63},[45,137168,136386],{"class":67},[45,137170,468],{"class":63},[45,137172,137173,137175,137177,137179,137181,137183],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137174,153],{"class":152},[45,137176,156],{"class":59},[45,137178,34701],{"class":135},[45,137180,132],{"class":59},[45,137182,8858],{"class":135},[45,137184,598],{"class":59},[1398,137186,137188],{"id":137187},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137190,137191],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137193,1412],{},[36,137195,137197],{"className":38,"code":137196,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137198,137199,137211,137221],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137200,137201,137203,137205,137207,137209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137202,34680],{"class":51},[45,137204,56],{"class":55},[45,137206,76],{"class":63},[45,137208,136386],{"class":67},[45,137210,468],{"class":63},[45,137212,137213,137215,137217,137219],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137214,34701],{"class":51},[45,137216,132],{"class":59},[45,137218,8858],{"class":135},[45,137220,139],{"class":59},[45,137222,137223,137225,137227,137229,137231],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137224,153],{"class":152},[45,137226,156],{"class":59},[45,137228,34701],{"class":135},[45,137230,3889],{"class":59},[45,137232,137233],{"class":1712},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137235,16848],{},[36,137237,137239],{"className":38,"code":137238,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137240,137241,137253,137267],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137242,137243,137245,137247,137249,137251],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137244,34680],{"class":51},[45,137246,56],{"class":55},[45,137248,76],{"class":63},[45,137250,136386],{"class":67},[45,137252,468],{"class":63},[45,137254,137255,137257,137259,137261,137263,137265],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137256,34680],{"class":51},[45,137258,56],{"class":55},[45,137260,42841],{"class":51},[45,137262,132],{"class":59},[45,137264,8858],{"class":135},[45,137266,139],{"class":59},[45,137268,137269,137271,137273,137275,137277],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137270,153],{"class":152},[45,137272,156],{"class":59},[45,137274,34701],{"class":135},[45,137276,3889],{"class":59},[45,137278,136398],{"class":1712},[1398,137280,1797,137282,137284],{"id":137281},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137283,124092],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137286,137287,137289],{},[15,137288,124092],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137291,1412],{},[36,137293,137295],{"className":38,"code":137294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137296,137297,137305],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137298,137299,137301,137303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137300,2447],{"class":51},[45,137302,56],{"class":55},[45,137304,125044],{"class":96},[45,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313,137315,137317],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137308,153],{"class":152},[45,137310,156],{"class":59},[45,137312,2469],{"class":135},[45,137314,132],{"class":59},[45,137316,8858],{"class":135},[45,137318,598],{"class":59},[20,137320,137321,137322,1461],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137323,124092],{},[20,137325,137326],{},"You can check the type first:",[36,137328,137330],{"className":38,"code":137329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137331,137332,137344,137348,137362],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137333,137334,137336,137338,137340,137342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137335,34680],{"class":51},[45,137337,56],{"class":55},[45,137339,76],{"class":63},[45,137341,136386],{"class":67},[45,137343,468],{"class":63},[45,137345,137346],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137347,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,137349,137350,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137351,153],{"class":152},[45,137353,156],{"class":59},[45,137355,1478],{"class":171},[45,137357,156],{"class":59},[45,137359,34701],{"class":135},[45,137361,179],{"class":59},[45,137363,137364,137366,137368,137370,137372,137374],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,137365,153],{"class":152},[45,137367,156],{"class":59},[45,137369,34701],{"class":135},[45,137371,132],{"class":59},[45,137373,8858],{"class":135},[45,137375,598],{"class":59},[1398,137377,137379],{"id":137378},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137381,137382],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[36,137384,137386],{"className":38,"code":137385,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137387,137388,137401,137405,137422,137437,137443],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137389,137390,137392,137394,137396,137399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137391,136605],{"class":51},[45,137393,56],{"class":55},[45,137395,76],{"class":63},[45,137397,137398],{"class":67},"Yes",[45,137400,468],{"class":63},[45,137402,137403],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137404,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,137406,137407,137409,137412,137414,137416,137418,137420],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137408,7219],{"class":921},[45,137410,137411],{"class":51}," answer ",[45,137413,4912],{"class":55},[45,137415,76],{"class":63},[45,137417,8875],{"class":67},[45,137419,64],{"class":63},[45,137421,6614],{"class":59},[45,137423,137424,137426,137428,137430,137433,137435],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,137425,942],{"class":152},[45,137427,156],{"class":59},[45,137429,64],{"class":63},[45,137431,137432],{"class":67},"Match",[45,137434,64],{"class":63},[45,137436,161],{"class":59},[45,137438,137439,137441],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,137440,27590],{"class":921},[45,137442,6614],{"class":59},[45,137444,137445,137447,137449,137451,137454,137456],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,137446,942],{"class":152},[45,137448,156],{"class":59},[45,137450,64],{"class":63},[45,137452,137453],{"class":67},"No match",[45,137455,64],{"class":63},[45,137457,161],{"class":59},[20,137459,29217,137460,329,137463,137466,137467,132],{},[15,137461,137462],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137464,137465],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137468,137453],{},[20,137470,137471],{},"Better:",[36,137473,137475],{"className":38,"code":137474,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137476,137477,137489,137493,137515],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137478,137479,137481,137483,137485,137487],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137480,136605],{"class":51},[45,137482,56],{"class":55},[45,137484,76],{"class":63},[45,137486,137398],{"class":67},[45,137488,468],{"class":63},[45,137490,137491],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137492,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,137494,137495,137497,137499,137501,137503,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137496,7219],{"class":921},[45,137498,136625],{"class":51},[45,137500,132],{"class":59},[45,137502,8858],{"class":135},[45,137504,7587],{"class":59},[45,137506,6629],{"class":55},[45,137508,76],{"class":63},[45,137510,8875],{"class":67},[45,137512,64],{"class":63},[45,137514,6614],{"class":59},[45,137516,137517,137519,137521,137523,137525,137527],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,137518,942],{"class":152},[45,137520,156],{"class":59},[45,137522,64],{"class":63},[45,137524,137432],{"class":67},[45,137526,64],{"class":63},[45,137528,161],{"class":59},[1398,137530,44213,137532,137535],{"id":137531},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137533,137534],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137537,137538,137539,137541],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137540,124092],{}," is enough.",[20,137543,137544,137545,137547,137548,132],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137546,137534],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137549,124092],{},[20,137551,137552,137553,122604],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137554,124092],{},[31,137556,137558,1174,137560],{"id":137557},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137559,124092],{},[15,137561,128240],{},[20,137563,137564,329,137566,137568],{},[15,137565,124092],{},[15,137567,128240],{}," are very similar.",[258,137570,137571,137576,137581,137584],{},[261,137572,137573,137575],{},[15,137574,124092],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[261,137577,137578,137580],{},[15,137579,128240],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[261,137582,137583],{},"Both return new strings",[261,137585,137586],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137588,361],{},[36,137590,137592],{"className":38,"code":137591,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137593,137594,137606,137610,137626],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137595,137596,137598,137600,137602,137604],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137597,34680],{"class":51},[45,137599,56],{"class":55},[45,137601,76],{"class":63},[45,137603,129081],{"class":67},[45,137605,468],{"class":63},[45,137607,137608],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137609,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,137611,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137613,153],{"class":152},[45,137615,156],{"class":59},[45,137617,34701],{"class":135},[45,137619,132],{"class":59},[45,137621,8858],{"class":135},[45,137623,136395],{"class":59},[45,137625,136293],{"class":1712},[45,137627,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,137629,153],{"class":152},[45,137631,156],{"class":59},[45,137633,34701],{"class":135},[45,137635,132],{"class":59},[45,137637,34470],{"class":135},[45,137639,136395],{"class":59},[45,137641,137642],{"class":1712},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137644,137645,137646,132],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[277,137647,126362,137649,994],{"href":137648},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137650,128240],{},[31,137652,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,137654,2062,137656,124689],{"id":137655},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137657,124092],{},[20,137659,137660],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1398,137662,2062,137664,137666],{"id":137663},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137665,124092],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137668,137669,137670,132],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137671,137672],{},"string.lower()",[1398,137674,2049,137676,12917],{"id":137675},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137677,124092],{},[20,137679,137680],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1398,137682,28485,137684,137686],{"id":137683},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137685,124092],{}," on user input?",[20,137688,137689,137690,137692],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137691,3189],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1398,137694,5400,137696,329,137698,2079],{"id":137695},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137697,124092],{},[15,137699,137534],{},[20,137701,137702,137704,137705,137707],{},[15,137703,124092],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137706,137534],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[31,137709,2114],{"id":2113},[258,137711,137712,137716,137722,137728,137734,137738,137742,137748],{},[261,137713,137714],{},[277,137715,50979],{"href":50978},[261,137717,137718],{},[277,137719,126362,137720,994],{"href":137648},[15,137721,128240],{},[261,137723,137724],{},[277,137725,126362,137726,994],{"href":136932},[15,137727,41652],{},[261,137729,137730],{},[277,137731,126362,137732,994],{"href":129943},[15,137733,124533],{},[261,137735,137736],{},[277,137737,124761],{"href":123617},[261,137739,137740],{},[277,137741,90690],{"href":89699},[261,137743,137744],{},[277,137745,3802,137746,3735],{"href":8438},[15,137747,3189],{},[261,137749,137750],{},[277,137751,137752],{"href":136333},"What is a string in Python?",[2154,137754,137755],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":137757},[137758,137760,137761,137762,137763,137764,137765,137774,137776,137788],{"id":136303,"depth":121,"text":137759},"What lower() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":136752,"depth":121,"text":136753},{"id":15789,"depth":121,"text":15790},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":137766},[137767,137768,137769,137771,137772],{"id":25844,"depth":142,"text":25845},{"id":137187,"depth":142,"text":137188},{"id":137281,"depth":142,"text":137770},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137378,"depth":142,"text":137379},{"id":137531,"depth":142,"text":137773},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137557,"depth":121,"text":137775},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":137777},[137778,137780,137782,137784,137786],{"id":137655,"depth":142,"text":137779},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137663,"depth":142,"text":137781},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137675,"depth":142,"text":137783},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137683,"depth":142,"text":137785},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137695,"depth":142,"text":137787},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136220,"description":137789},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137796,"title":137797,"body":137798,"description":139348,"extension":2195,"meta":139349,"navigation":145,"path":139350,"seo":139351,"stem":139352,"__hash__":139353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137799,"toc":139309},[137800,137805,137810,137816,137831,137833,137893,137895,137904,137910,137915,137920,137922,137936,137940,137942,137989,137991,138009,138011,138014,138085,138087,138101,138104,138116,138125,138129,138134,138139,138143,138209,138211,138220,138224,138289,138291,138300,138303,138308,138312,138317,138321,138382,138384,138393,138397,138400,138456,138458,138467,138470,138483,138485,138489,138496,138558,138560,138573,138579,138582,138589,138594,138599,138602,138610,138612,138673,138675,138684,138687,138734,138737,138784,138786,138791,138808,138815,138820,138873,138875,138883,138885,138942,138944,138952,138956,139003,139005,139013,139021,139025,139073,139075,139084,139089,139140,139142,139151,139158,139161,139182,139184,139189,139192,139196,139199,139203,139206,139233,139239,139242,139269,139274,139276,139278,139306],[10,137801,123362,137803,18],{"id":137802},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137804,124533],{},[20,137806,123367,137807,137809],{},[15,137808,124533],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137811,137812,137813,137815],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137814,124533],{},". You will learn:",[258,137817,137818,137822,137825,137828],{},[261,137819,26177,137820,256],{},[15,137821,124533],{},[261,137823,137824],{},"how its syntax works",[261,137826,137827],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[261,137829,137830],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[31,137832,34],{"id":33},[36,137834,137836],{"className":38,"code":137835,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137837,137838,137851,137883],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137839,137840,137842,137844,137846,137849],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137841,34680],{"class":51},[45,137843,56],{"class":55},[45,137845,76],{"class":63},[45,137847,137848],{"class":67},"I like cats",[45,137850,468],{"class":63},[45,137852,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861,137863,137865,137867,137870,137872,137874,137876,137879,137881],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137854,130201],{"class":51},[45,137856,56],{"class":55},[45,137858,42841],{"class":51},[45,137860,132],{"class":59},[45,137862,34992],{"class":135},[45,137864,156],{"class":59},[45,137866,64],{"class":63},[45,137868,137869],{"class":67},"cats",[45,137871,64],{"class":63},[45,137873,84],{"class":59},[45,137875,76],{"class":63},[45,137877,137878],{"class":67},"dogs",[45,137880,64],{"class":63},[45,137882,161],{"class":59},[45,137884,137885,137887,137889,137891],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,137886,153],{"class":152},[45,137888,156],{"class":59},[45,137890,130232],{"class":135},[45,137892,161],{"class":59},[20,137894,182],{},[36,137896,137898],{"className":38,"code":137897,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"I like dogs\n",[15,137899,137900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137901,137902],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137903,137897],{"class":51},[20,137905,1006,137906,137909],{},[15,137907,137908],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[31,137911,253,137913,256],{"id":137912},"what-replace-does",[15,137914,124533],{},[20,137916,137917,137919],{},[15,137918,124533],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137921,303],{},[258,137923,137924,137926,137928,137931],{},[261,137925,133610],{},[261,137927,136328],{},[261,137929,137930],{},"It works on exact matches",[261,137932,137933,137934],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137935,41258],{},[20,137937,125114,137938,132],{},[277,137939,125117],{"href":50978},[31,137941,5652],{"id":5651},[36,137943,137945],{"className":38,"code":137944,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137946,137947,137967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,137948,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137960,137962,137965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,137950,61180],{"class":51},[45,137952,132],{"class":59},[45,137954,34992],{"class":135},[45,137956,156],{"class":59},[45,137958,137959],{"class":135},"old",[45,137961,84],{"class":59},[45,137963,137964],{"class":135}," new",[45,137966,161],{"class":59},[45,137968,137969,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979,137981,137983,137985,137987],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,137970,61180],{"class":51},[45,137972,132],{"class":59},[45,137974,34992],{"class":135},[45,137976,156],{"class":59},[45,137978,137959],{"class":135},[45,137980,84],{"class":59},[45,137982,137964],{"class":135},[45,137984,84],{"class":59},[45,137986,49604],{"class":135},[45,137988,161],{"class":59},[1398,137990,17577],{"id":17576},[258,137992,137993,137998,138004],{},[261,137994,137995,137997],{},[15,137996,137959],{}," = the text to find",[261,137999,138000,138003],{},[15,138001,138002],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[261,138005,138006,138008],{},[15,138007,41258],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[31,138010,6008],{"id":6007},[20,138012,138013],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[36,138015,138017],{"className":38,"code":138016,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138018,138019,138031,138061,138065,138075],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138022,34680],{"class":51},[45,138024,56],{"class":55},[45,138026,76],{"class":63},[45,138028,137848],{"class":67},[45,138030,468],{"class":63},[45,138032,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138034,130201],{"class":51},[45,138036,56],{"class":55},[45,138038,42841],{"class":51},[45,138040,132],{"class":59},[45,138042,34992],{"class":135},[45,138044,156],{"class":59},[45,138046,64],{"class":63},[45,138048,137869],{"class":67},[45,138050,64],{"class":63},[45,138052,84],{"class":59},[45,138054,76],{"class":63},[45,138056,137878],{"class":67},[45,138058,64],{"class":63},[45,138060,161],{"class":59},[45,138062,138063],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138064,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138066,138067,138069,138071,138073],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138068,153],{"class":152},[45,138070,156],{"class":59},[45,138072,34701],{"class":135},[45,138074,161],{"class":59},[45,138076,138077,138079,138081,138083],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,138078,153],{"class":152},[45,138080,156],{"class":59},[45,138082,130232],{"class":135},[45,138084,161],{"class":59},[20,138086,182],{},[36,138088,138090],{"className":38,"code":138089,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138091,138092,138097],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138093,138094],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138095,138096],{"class":51},"I like cats\n",[45,138098,138099],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138100,137897],{"class":51},[20,138102,138103],{},"Notice what happened:",[258,138105,138106,138111],{},[261,138107,138108,138110],{},[15,138109,34701],{}," did not change",[261,138112,138113,138115],{},[15,138114,130232],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138117,138118,138119,138121,138122,138124],{},"This happens because strings are ",[355,138120,136997],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138123,124533],{}," return a new string instead.",[31,138126,138128],{"id":138127},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138130,89708,138131,138133],{},[15,138132,124533],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138135,138136,138137,36617],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138138,41258],{},[1398,138140,138142],{"id":138141},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[36,138144,138146],{"className":38,"code":138145,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138147,138148,138161,138195,138199],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138149,138150,138152,138154,138156,138159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138151,34680],{"class":51},[45,138153,56],{"class":55},[45,138155,76],{"class":63},[45,138157,138158],{"class":67},"cat cat cat",[45,138160,468],{"class":63},[45,138162,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138164,716],{"class":51},[45,138166,56],{"class":55},[45,138168,42841],{"class":51},[45,138170,132],{"class":59},[45,138172,34992],{"class":135},[45,138174,156],{"class":59},[45,138176,64],{"class":63},[45,138178,37043],{"class":67},[45,138180,64],{"class":63},[45,138182,84],{"class":59},[45,138184,76],{"class":63},[45,138186,58132],{"class":67},[45,138188,64],{"class":63},[45,138190,84],{"class":59},[45,138192,1049],{"class":96},[45,138194,161],{"class":59},[45,138196,138197],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138198,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138200,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138202,153],{"class":152},[45,138204,156],{"class":59},[45,138206,740],{"class":135},[45,138208,161],{"class":59},[20,138210,182],{},[36,138212,138214],{"className":38,"code":138213,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138215,138216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138217,138218],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138219,138213],{"class":51},[1398,138221,138223],{"id":138222},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[36,138225,138227],{"className":38,"code":138226,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138228,138229,138241,138275,138279],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138230,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138232,34680],{"class":51},[45,138234,56],{"class":55},[45,138236,76],{"class":63},[45,138238,138158],{"class":67},[45,138240,468],{"class":63},[45,138242,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261,138263,138265,138267,138269,138271,138273],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138244,716],{"class":51},[45,138246,56],{"class":55},[45,138248,42841],{"class":51},[45,138250,132],{"class":59},[45,138252,34992],{"class":135},[45,138254,156],{"class":59},[45,138256,64],{"class":63},[45,138258,37043],{"class":67},[45,138260,64],{"class":63},[45,138262,84],{"class":59},[45,138264,76],{"class":63},[45,138266,58132],{"class":67},[45,138268,64],{"class":63},[45,138270,84],{"class":59},[45,138272,1035],{"class":96},[45,138274,161],{"class":59},[45,138276,138277],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138278,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138280,138281,138283,138285,138287],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138282,153],{"class":152},[45,138284,156],{"class":59},[45,138286,740],{"class":135},[45,138288,161],{"class":59},[20,138290,182],{},[36,138292,138294],{"className":38,"code":138293,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138295,138296],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138297,138298],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138299,138293],{"class":51},[20,138301,138302],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138304,138305,138306,132],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[277,138307,128086],{"href":124530},[31,138309,138311],{"id":138310},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138313,138314,138316],{},[15,138315,124533],{}," can also change single characters.",[1398,138318,138320],{"id":138319},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[36,138322,138324],{"className":38,"code":138323,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138325,138326,138338,138368,138372],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138327,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138329,34680],{"class":51},[45,138331,56],{"class":55},[45,138333,76],{"class":63},[45,138335,1042],{"class":67},[45,138337,468],{"class":63},[45,138339,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362,138364,138366],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138341,716],{"class":51},[45,138343,56],{"class":55},[45,138345,42841],{"class":51},[45,138347,132],{"class":59},[45,138349,34992],{"class":135},[45,138351,156],{"class":59},[45,138353,64],{"class":63},[45,138355,277],{"class":67},[45,138357,64],{"class":63},[45,138359,84],{"class":59},[45,138361,76],{"class":63},[45,138363,60479],{"class":67},[45,138365,64],{"class":63},[45,138367,161],{"class":59},[45,138369,138370],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138371,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138373,138374,138376,138378,138380],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138375,153],{"class":152},[45,138377,156],{"class":59},[45,138379,740],{"class":135},[45,138381,161],{"class":59},[20,138383,182],{},[36,138385,138387],{"className":38,"code":138386,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"bonono\n",[15,138388,138389],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138390,138391],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138392,138386],{"class":51},[1398,138394,138396],{"id":138395},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138398,138399],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[36,138401,138403],{"className":38,"code":138402,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138404,138405,138418,138442,138446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138406,138407,138409,138411,138413,138416],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138408,34680],{"class":51},[45,138410,56],{"class":55},[45,138412,76],{"class":63},[45,138414,138415],{"class":67},"a b c",[45,138417,468],{"class":63},[45,138419,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438,138440],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138421,716],{"class":51},[45,138423,56],{"class":55},[45,138425,42841],{"class":51},[45,138427,132],{"class":59},[45,138429,34992],{"class":135},[45,138431,156],{"class":59},[45,138433,64],{"class":63},[45,138435,76],{"class":63},[45,138437,84],{"class":59},[45,138439,6347],{"class":63},[45,138441,161],{"class":59},[45,138443,138444],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138445,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138447,138448,138450,138452,138454],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138449,153],{"class":152},[45,138451,156],{"class":59},[45,138453,740],{"class":135},[45,138455,161],{"class":59},[20,138457,182],{},[36,138459,138461],{"className":38,"code":138460,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"abc\n",[15,138462,138463],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138464,138465],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138466,138460],{"class":51},[20,138468,138469],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138471,138472,138473,138477,138478,138482],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[277,138474,126362,138475,994],{"href":129049},[15,138476,60537],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[277,138479,126362,138480,994],{"href":136932},[15,138481,41652],{}," is often a better choice.",[31,138484,124009],{"id":124008},[20,138486,138487,123820],{},[15,138488,124533],{},[20,138490,127407,138491,329,138493,127414],{},[15,138492,113046],{},[15,138494,138495],{},"\"Cat\"",[36,138497,138499],{"className":38,"code":138498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138500,138501,138514,138544,138548],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138502,138503,138505,138507,138509,138512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138504,34680],{"class":51},[45,138506,56],{"class":55},[45,138508,76],{"class":63},[45,138510,138511],{"class":67},"Cat cat CAT",[45,138513,468],{"class":63},[45,138515,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138517,716],{"class":51},[45,138519,56],{"class":55},[45,138521,42841],{"class":51},[45,138523,132],{"class":59},[45,138525,34992],{"class":135},[45,138527,156],{"class":59},[45,138529,64],{"class":63},[45,138531,37043],{"class":67},[45,138533,64],{"class":63},[45,138535,84],{"class":59},[45,138537,76],{"class":63},[45,138539,58132],{"class":67},[45,138541,64],{"class":63},[45,138543,161],{"class":59},[45,138545,138546],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138547,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138549,138550,138552,138554,138556],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138551,153],{"class":152},[45,138553,156],{"class":59},[45,138555,740],{"class":135},[45,138557,161],{"class":59},[20,138559,182],{},[36,138561,138563],{"className":38,"code":138562,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138564,138565],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138566,138567,138570],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138568,138569],{"class":51},"Cat dog ",[45,138571,138572],{"class":34445},"CAT\n",[20,138574,138575,138576,138578],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138577,113046],{}," was replaced.",[20,138580,138581],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138583,138584,138585,132],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[277,138586,126362,138587,994],{"href":124089},[15,138588,124092],{},[31,138590,253,138592,342],{"id":138591},"what-replace-returns",[15,138593,124533],{},[20,138595,138596,138598],{},[15,138597,124533],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138600,138601],{},"If no match is found:",[258,138603,138604,138607],{},[261,138605,138606],{},"no error happens",[261,138608,138609],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138611,361],{},[36,138613,138615],{"className":38,"code":138614,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138616,138617,138629,138659,138663],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138618,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138620,34680],{"class":51},[45,138622,56],{"class":55},[45,138624,76],{"class":63},[45,138626,4073],{"class":67},[45,138628,468],{"class":63},[45,138630,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653,138655,138657],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138632,716],{"class":51},[45,138634,56],{"class":55},[45,138636,42841],{"class":51},[45,138638,132],{"class":59},[45,138640,34992],{"class":135},[45,138642,156],{"class":59},[45,138644,64],{"class":63},[45,138646,2403],{"class":67},[45,138648,64],{"class":63},[45,138650,84],{"class":59},[45,138652,76],{"class":63},[45,138654,11946],{"class":67},[45,138656,64],{"class":63},[45,138658,161],{"class":59},[45,138660,138661],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138662,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,138664,138665,138667,138669,138671],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,138666,153],{"class":152},[45,138668,156],{"class":59},[45,138670,740],{"class":135},[45,138672,161],{"class":59},[20,138674,182],{},[36,138676,138678],{"className":38,"code":138677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello\n",[15,138679,138680],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138681,138682],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138683,138677],{"class":51},[20,138685,138686],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[36,138688,138690],{"className":38,"code":138689,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138691,138692,138704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138693,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138695,34680],{"class":51},[45,138697,56],{"class":55},[45,138699,76],{"class":63},[45,138701,60412],{"class":67},[45,138703,468],{"class":63},[45,138705,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720,138722,138724,138726,138728,138730,138732],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138707,130201],{"class":51},[45,138709,56],{"class":55},[45,138711,42841],{"class":51},[45,138713,132],{"class":59},[45,138715,34992],{"class":135},[45,138717,156],{"class":59},[45,138719,64],{"class":63},[45,138721,60597],{"class":67},[45,138723,64],{"class":63},[45,138725,84],{"class":59},[45,138727,76],{"class":63},[45,138729,7518],{"class":67},[45,138731,64],{"class":63},[45,138733,161],{"class":59},[20,138735,138736],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[36,138738,138740],{"className":38,"code":138739,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138741,138742,138754],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138743,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138745,34680],{"class":51},[45,138747,56],{"class":55},[45,138749,76],{"class":63},[45,138751,60412],{"class":67},[45,138753,468],{"class":63},[45,138755,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138757,34680],{"class":51},[45,138759,56],{"class":55},[45,138761,42841],{"class":51},[45,138763,132],{"class":59},[45,138765,34992],{"class":135},[45,138767,156],{"class":59},[45,138769,64],{"class":63},[45,138771,60597],{"class":67},[45,138773,64],{"class":63},[45,138775,84],{"class":59},[45,138777,76],{"class":63},[45,138779,7518],{"class":67},[45,138781,64],{"class":63},[45,138783,161],{"class":59},[31,138785,1391],{"id":1390},[20,138787,138788,138789,73],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138790,124533],{},[258,138792,138793,138796,138800,138803],{},[261,138794,138795],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[261,138797,8670,138798,131582],{},[15,138799,124533],{},[261,138801,138802],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[261,138804,37200,138805,138807],{},[15,138806,124533],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1398,138809,138811,138812,138814],{"id":138810},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138813,124533],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138816,138817,138818,73],{},"This does not update ",[15,138819,34701],{},[36,138821,138823],{"className":38,"code":138822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138824,138825,138837,138863],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138826,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138828,34680],{"class":51},[45,138830,56],{"class":55},[45,138832,76],{"class":63},[45,138834,137848],{"class":67},[45,138836,468],{"class":63},[45,138838,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138840,34701],{"class":51},[45,138842,132],{"class":59},[45,138844,34992],{"class":135},[45,138846,156],{"class":59},[45,138848,64],{"class":63},[45,138850,137869],{"class":67},[45,138852,64],{"class":63},[45,138854,84],{"class":59},[45,138856,76],{"class":63},[45,138858,137878],{"class":67},[45,138860,64],{"class":63},[45,138862,161],{"class":59},[45,138864,138865,138867,138869,138871],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138866,153],{"class":152},[45,138868,156],{"class":59},[45,138870,34701],{"class":135},[45,138872,161],{"class":59},[20,138874,182],{},[36,138876,138877],{"className":38,"code":138096,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,138878,138879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138880,138881],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138882,138096],{"class":51},[20,138884,11015],{},[36,138886,138888],{"className":38,"code":138887,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138889,138890,138902,138932],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138891,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138893,34680],{"class":51},[45,138895,56],{"class":55},[45,138897,76],{"class":63},[45,138899,137848],{"class":67},[45,138901,468],{"class":63},[45,138903,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138905,34680],{"class":51},[45,138907,56],{"class":55},[45,138909,42841],{"class":51},[45,138911,132],{"class":59},[45,138913,34992],{"class":135},[45,138915,156],{"class":59},[45,138917,64],{"class":63},[45,138919,137869],{"class":67},[45,138921,64],{"class":63},[45,138923,84],{"class":59},[45,138925,76],{"class":63},[45,138927,137878],{"class":67},[45,138929,64],{"class":63},[45,138931,161],{"class":59},[45,138933,138934,138936,138938,138940],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,138935,153],{"class":152},[45,138937,156],{"class":59},[45,138939,34701],{"class":135},[45,138941,161],{"class":59},[20,138943,182],{},[36,138945,138946],{"className":38,"code":137897,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,138947,138948],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138949,138950],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138951,137897],{"class":51},[1398,138953,138955],{"id":138954},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[36,138957,138959],{"className":38,"code":138958,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138960,138961,138973],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,138962,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,138964,34680],{"class":51},[45,138966,56],{"class":55},[45,138968,76],{"class":63},[45,138970,34860],{"class":67},[45,138972,468],{"class":63},[45,138974,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,138976,153],{"class":152},[45,138978,156],{"class":59},[45,138980,34701],{"class":135},[45,138982,132],{"class":59},[45,138984,34992],{"class":135},[45,138986,156],{"class":59},[45,138988,64],{"class":63},[45,138990,4073],{"class":67},[45,138992,64],{"class":63},[45,138994,84],{"class":59},[45,138996,76],{"class":63},[45,138998,89943],{"class":67},[45,139000,64],{"class":63},[45,139002,179],{"class":59},[20,139004,182],{},[36,139006,139007],{"className":38,"code":88956,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,139008,139009],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139010,139011],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139012,88956],{"class":51},[20,139014,139015,139016,329,139018,139020],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139017,64541],{},[15,139019,90425],{}," are not the same.",[1398,139022,139024],{"id":139023},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[36,139026,139028],{"className":38,"code":139027,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139029,139030,139043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139031,139032,139034,139036,139038,139041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139033,34680],{"class":51},[45,139035,56],{"class":55},[45,139037,76],{"class":63},[45,139039,139040],{"class":67},"red red red",[45,139042,468],{"class":63},[45,139044,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139046,153],{"class":152},[45,139048,156],{"class":59},[45,139050,34701],{"class":135},[45,139052,132],{"class":59},[45,139054,34992],{"class":135},[45,139056,156],{"class":59},[45,139058,64],{"class":63},[45,139060,13291],{"class":67},[45,139062,64],{"class":63},[45,139064,84],{"class":59},[45,139066,76],{"class":63},[45,139068,703],{"class":67},[45,139070,64],{"class":63},[45,139072,179],{"class":59},[20,139074,182],{},[36,139076,139078],{"className":38,"code":139077,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139079,139080],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139081,139082],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139083,139077],{"class":51},[20,139085,139086,139087,73],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139088,41258],{},[36,139090,139092],{"className":38,"code":139091,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139093,139094,139106],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139095,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139097,34680],{"class":51},[45,139099,56],{"class":55},[45,139101,76],{"class":63},[45,139103,139040],{"class":67},[45,139105,468],{"class":63},[45,139107,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139109,153],{"class":152},[45,139111,156],{"class":59},[45,139113,34701],{"class":135},[45,139115,132],{"class":59},[45,139117,34992],{"class":135},[45,139119,156],{"class":59},[45,139121,64],{"class":63},[45,139123,13291],{"class":67},[45,139125,64],{"class":63},[45,139127,84],{"class":59},[45,139129,76],{"class":63},[45,139131,703],{"class":67},[45,139133,64],{"class":63},[45,139135,84],{"class":59},[45,139137,1049],{"class":96},[45,139139,179],{"class":59},[20,139141,182],{},[36,139143,139145],{"className":38,"code":139144,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"blue red red\n",[15,139146,139147],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139148,139149],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139150,139144],{"class":51},[1398,139152,139154,139155,139157],{"id":139153},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139156,124533],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139159,139160],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[258,139162,139163,139170,139177],{},[261,139164,1006,139165,139169],{},[277,139166,139167],{"href":129049},[15,139168,60537],{}," to break a string into a list",[261,139171,1006,139172,139176],{},[277,139173,139174],{"href":136932},[15,139175,41652],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[261,139178,1006,139179,139181],{},[15,139180,124533],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[31,139183,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,139185,2062,139187,124689],{"id":139186},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139188,124533],{},[20,139190,139191],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1398,139193,139195],{"id":139194},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139197,139198],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1398,139200,139202],{"id":139201},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139204,139205],{},"Use the third argument:",[36,139207,139209],{"className":38,"code":139208,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139210,139211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139212,139213,139215,139217,139219,139221,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139214,34701],{"class":51},[45,139216,132],{"class":59},[45,139218,34992],{"class":135},[45,139220,156],{"class":59},[45,139222,137959],{"class":135},[45,139224,84],{"class":59},[45,139226,137964],{"class":135},[45,139228,84],{"class":59},[45,139230,1049],{"class":96},[45,139232,161],{"class":59},[1398,139234,5390,139236,139238],{"id":139235},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139237,124533],{}," remove text?",[20,139240,139241],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[36,139243,139245],{"className":38,"code":139244,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139246,139247],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139248,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139250,34701],{"class":51},[45,139252,132],{"class":59},[45,139254,34992],{"class":135},[45,139256,156],{"class":59},[45,139258,64],{"class":63},[45,139260,2403],{"class":67},[45,139262,64],{"class":63},[45,139264,84],{"class":59},[45,139266,6347],{"class":63},[45,139268,161],{"class":59},[1398,139270,15096,139272,124698],{"id":139271},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139273,124533],{},[20,139275,129891],{},[31,139277,2114],{"id":2113},[258,139279,139280,139284,139290,139296,139302],{},[261,139281,139282],{},[277,139283,124768],{"href":124530},[261,139285,139286],{},[277,139287,126362,139288,994],{"href":129049},[15,139289,60537],{},[261,139291,139292],{},[277,139293,126362,139294,994],{"href":136932},[15,139295,41652],{},[261,139297,139298],{},[277,139299,126362,139300,994],{"href":124089},[15,139301,124092],{},[261,139303,139304],{},[277,139305,125117],{"href":50978},[2154,139307,139308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":139310},[139311,139312,139314,139317,139318,139322,139326,139327,139329,139337,139347],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":137912,"depth":121,"text":139313},"What replace() does",{"id":5651,"depth":121,"text":5652,"children":139315},[139316],{"id":17576,"depth":142,"text":17577},{"id":6007,"depth":121,"text":6008},{"id":138127,"depth":121,"text":138128,"children":139319},[139320,139321],{"id":138141,"depth":142,"text":138142},{"id":138222,"depth":142,"text":138223},{"id":138310,"depth":121,"text":138311,"children":139323},[139324,139325],{"id":138319,"depth":142,"text":138320},{"id":138395,"depth":142,"text":138396},{"id":124008,"depth":121,"text":124009},{"id":138591,"depth":121,"text":139328},"What replace() returns",{"id":1390,"depth":121,"text":1391,"children":139330},[139331,139333,139334,139335],{"id":138810,"depth":142,"text":139332},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138954,"depth":142,"text":138955},{"id":139023,"depth":142,"text":139024},{"id":139153,"depth":142,"text":139336},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":139338},[139339,139341,139342,139343,139345],{"id":139186,"depth":142,"text":139340},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139194,"depth":142,"text":139195},{"id":139201,"depth":142,"text":139202},{"id":139235,"depth":142,"text":139344},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139271,"depth":142,"text":139346},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137797,"description":139348},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139355,"title":139356,"body":139357,"description":141376,"extension":2195,"meta":141377,"navigation":145,"path":141378,"seo":141379,"stem":141380,"__hash__":141381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139358,"toc":141340},[139359,139364,139369,139372,139383,139385,139440,139445,139450,139457,139459,139474,139476,139532,139534,139572,139577,139579,139603,139606,139619,139624,139626,139658,139660,139693,139699,139704,139707,139717,139720,139722,139778,139780,139830,139833,139841,139844,139900,139902,139975,139988,139996,140000,140011,140014,140017,140070,140072,140104,140107,140161,140163,140198,140201,140206,140211,140216,140219,140221,140279,140281,140315,140317,140332,140335,140337,140379,140381,140407,140412,140420,140423,140425,140507,140509,140560,140563,140574,140582,140584,140657,140659,140677,140681,140684,140688,140715,140717,140725,140729,140764,140766,140779,140783,140786,140825,140827,140844,140849,140854,140865,140868,140879,140881,140883,140909,140912,140961,140963,140980,140983,140985,141037,141039,141071,141074,141132,141137,141139,141144,141247,141249,141263,141265,141272,141277,141282,141287,141292,141297,141300,141304,141309,141311,141337],[10,139360,123362,139362,18],{"id":139361},"python-string-split-method",[15,139363,60537],{},[20,139365,123367,139366,139368],{},[15,139367,60537],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139370,139371],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[258,139373,139374,139377,139380],{},[261,139375,139376],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[261,139378,139379],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[261,139381,139382],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[31,139384,34],{"id":33},[36,139386,139388],{"className":38,"code":139387,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139389,139390,139403,139425,139435],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139391,139392,139394,139396,139398,139401],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139393,34680],{"class":51},[45,139395,56],{"class":55},[45,139397,76],{"class":63},[45,139399,139400],{"class":67},"apple,banana,cherry",[45,139402,468],{"class":63},[45,139404,139405,139407,139409,139411,139413,139415,139417,139419,139421,139423],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139406,42836],{"class":51},[45,139408,56],{"class":55},[45,139410,42841],{"class":51},[45,139412,132],{"class":59},[45,139414,34461],{"class":135},[45,139416,156],{"class":59},[45,139418,64],{"class":63},[45,139420,84],{"class":67},[45,139422,64],{"class":63},[45,139424,161],{"class":59},[45,139426,139427,139429,139431,139433],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,139428,153],{"class":152},[45,139430,156],{"class":59},[45,139432,42868],{"class":135},[45,139434,161],{"class":59},[45,139436,139437],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,139438,139439],{"class":1712},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139441,1006,139442,139444],{},[15,139443,60537],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[31,139446,253,139448,256],{"id":139447},"what-split-does",[15,139449,60537],{},[20,139451,139452,132410,139454,132],{},[15,139453,60537],{},[355,139455,139456],{},"string method",[20,139458,48929],{},[258,139460,139461,139464,139469],{},[261,139462,139463],{},"divides a string into parts",[261,139465,119664,139466],{},[355,139467,139468],{},"new list of strings",[261,139470,119670,139471,139473],{},[355,139472,4854],{}," change the original string",[20,139475,361],{},[36,139477,139479],{"className":38,"code":139478,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139480,139481,139494,139508,139512,139522],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139482,139483,139485,139487,139489,139492],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139484,34680],{"class":51},[45,139486,56],{"class":55},[45,139488,76],{"class":63},[45,139490,139491],{"class":67},"red blue green",[45,139493,468],{"class":63},[45,139495,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139497,42836],{"class":51},[45,139499,56],{"class":55},[45,139501,42841],{"class":51},[45,139503,132],{"class":59},[45,139505,34461],{"class":135},[45,139507,139],{"class":59},[45,139509,139510],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,139511,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,139513,139514,139516,139518,139520],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,139515,153],{"class":152},[45,139517,156],{"class":59},[45,139519,34701],{"class":135},[45,139521,161],{"class":59},[45,139523,139524,139526,139528,139530],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,139525,153],{"class":152},[45,139527,156],{"class":59},[45,139529,42868],{"class":135},[45,139531,161],{"class":59},[20,139533,182],{},[36,139535,139537],{"className":38,"code":139536,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139538,139539,139544],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139540,139541],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139542,139543],{"class":51},"red blue green\n",[45,139545,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139547,223],{"class":59},[45,139549,198],{"class":63},[45,139551,13291],{"class":67},[45,139553,198],{"class":63},[45,139555,84],{"class":59},[45,139557,211],{"class":63},[45,139559,703],{"class":67},[45,139561,198],{"class":63},[45,139563,84],{"class":59},[45,139565,211],{"class":63},[45,139567,17637],{"class":67},[45,139569,198],{"class":63},[45,139571,244],{"class":59},[20,139573,139574,139575,132],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[277,139576,125117],{"href":50978},[31,139578,284],{"id":283},[36,139580,139582],{"className":38,"code":139581,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139583,139584],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139585,139586,139588,139590,139592,139594,139596,139598,139601],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139587,61180],{"class":51},[45,139589,132],{"class":59},[45,139591,34461],{"class":135},[45,139593,156],{"class":59},[45,139595,133766],{"class":135},[45,139597,84],{"class":59},[45,139599,139600],{"class":135}," maxsplit",[45,139602,161],{"class":59},[20,139604,139605],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[258,139607,139608,139613],{},[261,139609,139610,139612],{},[15,139611,133766],{}," tells Python where to split",[261,139614,139615,139618],{},[15,139616,139617],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139620,9093,139621,139623],{},[15,139622,133766],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139625,361],{},[36,139627,139629],{"className":38,"code":139628,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139630,139631,139644],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139632,139633,139635,139637,139639,139642],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139634,34680],{"class":51},[45,139636,56],{"class":55},[45,139638,76],{"class":63},[45,139640,139641],{"class":67},"one two three",[45,139643,468],{"class":63},[45,139645,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139647,153],{"class":152},[45,139649,156],{"class":59},[45,139651,34701],{"class":135},[45,139653,132],{"class":59},[45,139655,34461],{"class":135},[45,139657,598],{"class":59},[20,139659,182],{},[36,139661,139663],{"className":38,"code":139662,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139664,139665],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139666,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139668,223],{"class":59},[45,139670,198],{"class":63},[45,139672,6806],{"class":67},[45,139674,198],{"class":63},[45,139676,84],{"class":59},[45,139678,211],{"class":63},[45,139680,79278],{"class":67},[45,139682,198],{"class":63},[45,139684,84],{"class":59},[45,139686,211],{"class":63},[45,139688,134248],{"class":67},[45,139690,198],{"class":63},[45,139692,244],{"class":59},[31,139694,1797,139696,139698],{"id":139695},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139697,60537],{}," with no separator",[20,139700,70181,139701,139703],{},[15,139702,60537],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139705,139706],{},"Whitespace includes:",[258,139708,139709,139711,139714],{},[261,139710,10663],{},[261,139712,139713],{},"tabs",[261,139715,139716],{},"new lines",[20,139718,139719],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139721,361],{},[36,139723,139725],{"className":38,"code":139724,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139726,139727,139750,139764,139768],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139728,139729,139731,139733,139735,139738,139741,139743,139745,139748],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139730,34680],{"class":51},[45,139732,56],{"class":55},[45,139734,76],{"class":63},[45,139736,139737],{"class":67},"Python   is",[45,139739,139740],{"class":34445},"\\t",[45,139742,133502],{"class":67},[45,139744,87160],{"class":34445},[45,139746,139747],{"class":67},"and useful",[45,139749,468],{"class":63},[45,139751,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139753,42836],{"class":51},[45,139755,56],{"class":55},[45,139757,42841],{"class":51},[45,139759,132],{"class":59},[45,139761,34461],{"class":135},[45,139763,139],{"class":59},[45,139765,139766],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,139767,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,139769,139770,139772,139774,139776],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,139771,153],{"class":152},[45,139773,156],{"class":59},[45,139775,42868],{"class":135},[45,139777,161],{"class":59},[20,139779,182],{},[36,139781,139783],{"className":38,"code":139782,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139784,139785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139786,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139826,139828],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139788,223],{"class":59},[45,139790,198],{"class":63},[45,139792,7518],{"class":67},[45,139794,198],{"class":63},[45,139796,84],{"class":59},[45,139798,211],{"class":63},[45,139800,12395],{"class":67},[45,139802,198],{"class":63},[45,139804,84],{"class":59},[45,139806,211],{"class":63},[45,139808,133502],{"class":67},[45,139810,198],{"class":63},[45,139812,84],{"class":59},[45,139814,211],{"class":63},[45,139816,130127],{"class":67},[45,139818,198],{"class":63},[45,139820,84],{"class":59},[45,139822,211],{"class":63},[45,139824,139825],{"class":67},"useful",[45,139827,198],{"class":63},[45,139829,244],{"class":59},[20,139831,139832],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1398,139834,139836,1174,139838],{"id":139835},"split-vs-split",[15,139837,60537],{},[15,139839,139840],{},"split(' ')",[20,139842,139843],{},"These are not the same.",[36,139845,139847],{"className":38,"code":139846,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139848,139849,139862,139866,139880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139850,139851,139853,139855,139857,139860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139852,34680],{"class":51},[45,139854,56],{"class":55},[45,139856,76],{"class":63},[45,139858,139859],{"class":67},"a  b   c",[45,139861,468],{"class":63},[45,139863,139864],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139865,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,139869,153],{"class":152},[45,139871,156],{"class":59},[45,139873,34701],{"class":135},[45,139875,132],{"class":59},[45,139877,34461],{"class":135},[45,139879,598],{"class":59},[45,139881,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,139883,153],{"class":152},[45,139885,156],{"class":59},[45,139887,34701],{"class":135},[45,139889,132],{"class":59},[45,139891,34461],{"class":135},[45,139893,156],{"class":59},[45,139895,64],{"class":63},[45,139897,76],{"class":63},[45,139899,179],{"class":59},[20,139901,182],{},[36,139903,139905],{"className":38,"code":139904,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139906,139907,139935],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,139908,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921,139923,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,139910,223],{"class":59},[45,139912,198],{"class":63},[45,139914,277],{"class":67},[45,139916,198],{"class":63},[45,139918,84],{"class":59},[45,139920,211],{"class":63},[45,139922,1930],{"class":67},[45,139924,198],{"class":63},[45,139926,84],{"class":59},[45,139928,211],{"class":63},[45,139930,9951],{"class":67},[45,139932,198],{"class":63},[45,139934,244],{"class":59},[45,139936,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,139938,223],{"class":59},[45,139940,198],{"class":63},[45,139942,277],{"class":67},[45,139944,198],{"class":63},[45,139946,84],{"class":59},[45,139948,4066],{"class":63},[45,139950,84],{"class":59},[45,139952,211],{"class":63},[45,139954,1930],{"class":67},[45,139956,198],{"class":63},[45,139958,84],{"class":59},[45,139960,4066],{"class":63},[45,139962,84],{"class":59},[45,139964,4066],{"class":63},[45,139966,84],{"class":59},[45,139968,211],{"class":63},[45,139970,9951],{"class":67},[45,139972,198],{"class":63},[45,139974,244],{"class":59},[258,139976,139977,139982],{},[261,139978,139979,139981],{},[15,139980,60537],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[261,139983,139984,139987],{},[15,139985,139986],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139989,139990,139991,139995],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[277,139992,126362,139993,994],{"href":136932},[15,139994,41652],{}," is often useful.",[31,139997,139999],{"id":139998},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140001,140002,140003,2419,140006,2423,140008,132],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140004,140005],{},"\",\"",[15,140007,133601],{},[15,140009,140010],{},"\"::\"",[20,140012,140013],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140015,140016],{},"Example with commas:",[36,140018,140020],{"className":38,"code":140019,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140021,140022,140034,140056,140060],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140025,34680],{"class":51},[45,140027,56],{"class":55},[45,140029,76],{"class":63},[45,140031,139400],{"class":67},[45,140033,468],{"class":63},[45,140035,140036,140038,140040,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140037,42836],{"class":51},[45,140039,56],{"class":55},[45,140041,42841],{"class":51},[45,140043,132],{"class":59},[45,140045,34461],{"class":135},[45,140047,156],{"class":59},[45,140049,64],{"class":63},[45,140051,84],{"class":67},[45,140053,64],{"class":63},[45,140055,161],{"class":59},[45,140057,140058],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140059,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,140061,140062,140064,140066,140068],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,140063,153],{"class":152},[45,140065,156],{"class":59},[45,140067,42868],{"class":135},[45,140069,161],{"class":59},[20,140071,182],{},[36,140073,140074],{"className":38,"code":78457,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,140075,140076],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140077,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140079,223],{"class":59},[45,140081,198],{"class":63},[45,140083,1028],{"class":67},[45,140085,198],{"class":63},[45,140087,84],{"class":59},[45,140089,211],{"class":63},[45,140091,1042],{"class":67},[45,140093,198],{"class":63},[45,140095,84],{"class":59},[45,140097,211],{"class":63},[45,140099,4321],{"class":67},[45,140101,198],{"class":63},[45,140103,244],{"class":59},[20,140105,140106],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[36,140108,140110],{"className":38,"code":140109,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140111,140112,140125,140147,140151],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140113,140114,140116,140118,140120,140123],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140115,34680],{"class":51},[45,140117,56],{"class":55},[45,140119,76],{"class":63},[45,140121,140122],{"class":67},"2024::10::31",[45,140124,468],{"class":63},[45,140126,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139,140141,140143,140145],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140128,42836],{"class":51},[45,140130,56],{"class":55},[45,140132,42841],{"class":51},[45,140134,132],{"class":59},[45,140136,34461],{"class":135},[45,140138,156],{"class":59},[45,140140,64],{"class":63},[45,140142,76674],{"class":67},[45,140144,64],{"class":63},[45,140146,161],{"class":59},[45,140148,140149],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140150,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,140152,140153,140155,140157,140159],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,140154,153],{"class":152},[45,140156,156],{"class":59},[45,140158,42868],{"class":135},[45,140160,161],{"class":59},[20,140162,182],{},[36,140164,140166],{"className":38,"code":140165,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140167,140168],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140169,140170,140172,140174,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140194,140196],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140171,223],{"class":59},[45,140173,198],{"class":63},[45,140175,140176],{"class":67},"2024",[45,140178,198],{"class":63},[45,140180,84],{"class":59},[45,140182,211],{"class":63},[45,140184,2560],{"class":67},[45,140186,198],{"class":63},[45,140188,84],{"class":59},[45,140190,211],{"class":63},[45,140192,140193],{"class":67},"31",[45,140195,198],{"class":63},[45,140197,244],{"class":59},[20,140199,140200],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140202,140203,140204,132],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[277,140205,129046],{"href":129045},[31,140207,1797,140209],{"id":140208},"using-maxsplit",[15,140210,139617],{},[20,140212,140213,140215],{},[15,140214,139617],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140217,140218],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140220,361],{},[36,140222,140224],{"className":38,"code":140223,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140225,140226,140239,140265,140269],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140227,140228,140230,140232,140234,140237],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140229,34680],{"class":51},[45,140231,56],{"class":55},[45,140233,76],{"class":63},[45,140235,140236],{"class":67},"name:age:city:country",[45,140238,468],{"class":63},[45,140240,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140261,140263],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140242,42836],{"class":51},[45,140244,56],{"class":55},[45,140246,42841],{"class":51},[45,140248,132],{"class":59},[45,140250,34461],{"class":135},[45,140252,156],{"class":59},[45,140254,64],{"class":63},[45,140256,73],{"class":67},[45,140258,64],{"class":63},[45,140260,84],{"class":59},[45,140262,1035],{"class":96},[45,140264,161],{"class":59},[45,140266,140267],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140268,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,140270,140271,140273,140275,140277],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,140272,153],{"class":152},[45,140274,156],{"class":59},[45,140276,42868],{"class":135},[45,140278,161],{"class":59},[20,140280,182],{},[36,140282,140284],{"className":38,"code":140283,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140285,140286],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140287,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140311,140313],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140289,223],{"class":59},[45,140291,198],{"class":63},[45,140293,68],{"class":67},[45,140295,198],{"class":63},[45,140297,84],{"class":59},[45,140299,211],{"class":63},[45,140301,89],{"class":67},[45,140303,198],{"class":63},[45,140305,84],{"class":59},[45,140307,211],{"class":63},[45,140309,140310],{"class":67},"city:country",[45,140312,198],{"class":63},[45,140314,244],{"class":59},[20,140316,2408],{},[258,140318,140319,140324,140329],{},[261,140320,140321,140322],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140323,73],{},[261,140325,140326,140327],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140328,73],{},[261,140330,140331],{},"then stops",[20,140333,140334],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140336,52083],{},[36,140338,140340],{"className":38,"code":140339,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140341,140342,140355],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140343,140344,140346,140348,140350,140353],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140345,34680],{"class":51},[45,140347,56],{"class":55},[45,140349,76],{"class":63},[45,140351,140352],{"class":67},"apple banana cherry grape",[45,140354,468],{"class":63},[45,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140358,153],{"class":152},[45,140360,156],{"class":59},[45,140362,34701],{"class":135},[45,140364,132],{"class":59},[45,140366,34461],{"class":135},[45,140368,156],{"class":59},[45,140370,64],{"class":63},[45,140372,76],{"class":63},[45,140374,84],{"class":59},[45,140376,1049],{"class":96},[45,140378,179],{"class":59},[20,140380,182],{},[36,140382,140384],{"className":38,"code":140383,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140385,140386],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140387,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140403,140405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140389,223],{"class":59},[45,140391,198],{"class":63},[45,140393,1028],{"class":67},[45,140395,198],{"class":63},[45,140397,84],{"class":59},[45,140399,211],{"class":63},[45,140401,140402],{"class":67},"banana cherry grape",[45,140404,198],{"class":63},[45,140406,244],{"class":59},[31,140408,253,140410,342],{"id":140409},"what-split-returns",[15,140411,60537],{},[20,140413,140414,140415,140417,140418,132],{},"The result of ",[15,140416,60537],{}," is always a ",[355,140419,172],{},[20,140421,140422],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140424,361],{},[36,140426,140428],{"className":38,"code":140427,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140429,140430,140443,140465,140469,140479,140493],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140431,140432,140434,140436,140438,140441],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140433,34680],{"class":51},[45,140435,56],{"class":55},[45,140437,76],{"class":63},[45,140439,140440],{"class":67},"cat,dog,bird",[45,140442,468],{"class":63},[45,140444,140445,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140446,42836],{"class":51},[45,140448,56],{"class":55},[45,140450,42841],{"class":51},[45,140452,132],{"class":59},[45,140454,34461],{"class":135},[45,140456,156],{"class":59},[45,140458,64],{"class":63},[45,140460,84],{"class":67},[45,140462,64],{"class":63},[45,140464,161],{"class":59},[45,140466,140467],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140468,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,140470,140471,140473,140475,140477],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,140472,153],{"class":152},[45,140474,156],{"class":59},[45,140476,42868],{"class":135},[45,140478,161],{"class":59},[45,140480,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,140482,153],{"class":152},[45,140484,156],{"class":59},[45,140486,1478],{"class":171},[45,140488,156],{"class":59},[45,140490,42868],{"class":135},[45,140492,179],{"class":59},[45,140494,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,140496,153],{"class":152},[45,140498,156],{"class":59},[45,140500,42868],{"class":135},[45,140502,223],{"class":59},[45,140504,1117],{"class":96},[45,140506,218],{"class":59},[20,140508,182],{},[36,140510,140512],{"className":38,"code":140511,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140513,140514,140542,140556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140515,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140517,223],{"class":59},[45,140519,198],{"class":63},[45,140521,37043],{"class":67},[45,140523,198],{"class":63},[45,140525,84],{"class":59},[45,140527,211],{"class":63},[45,140529,58132],{"class":67},[45,140531,198],{"class":63},[45,140533,84],{"class":59},[45,140535,211],{"class":63},[45,140537,58149],{"class":67},[45,140539,198],{"class":63},[45,140541,244],{"class":59},[45,140543,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140545,1594],{"class":55},[45,140547,1598],{"class":1597},[45,140549,211],{"class":63},[45,140551,172],{"class":67},[45,140553,198],{"class":63},[45,140555,1607],{"class":55},[45,140557,140558],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140559,85476],{"class":51},[20,140561,140562],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[258,140564,140565,140568,140571],{},[261,140566,140567],{},"loop over it",[261,140569,140570],{},"access items by index",[261,140572,140573],{},"combine items again later",[20,140575,140576,140577,132],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[277,140578,126362,140580,994],{"href":140579},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140581,133444],{},[20,140583,361],{},[36,140585,140587],{"className":38,"code":140586,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140588,140589,140621,140643,140647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140590,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607,140609,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140592,42836],{"class":51},[45,140594,56],{"class":55},[45,140596,1427],{"class":59},[45,140598,198],{"class":63},[45,140600,37043],{"class":67},[45,140602,198],{"class":63},[45,140604,84],{"class":59},[45,140606,211],{"class":63},[45,140608,58132],{"class":67},[45,140610,198],{"class":63},[45,140612,84],{"class":59},[45,140614,211],{"class":63},[45,140616,58149],{"class":67},[45,140618,198],{"class":63},[45,140620,244],{"class":59},[45,140622,140623,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140624,34680],{"class":51},[45,140626,56],{"class":55},[45,140628,76],{"class":63},[45,140630,2254],{"class":67},[45,140632,64],{"class":63},[45,140634,132],{"class":59},[45,140636,133521],{"class":135},[45,140638,156],{"class":59},[45,140640,42868],{"class":135},[45,140642,161],{"class":59},[45,140644,140645],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140646,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,140648,140649,140651,140653,140655],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,140650,153],{"class":152},[45,140652,156],{"class":59},[45,140654,34701],{"class":135},[45,140656,161],{"class":59},[20,140658,182],{},[36,140660,140662],{"className":38,"code":140661,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140663,140664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140665,140666,140668,140670,140672,140674],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140667,37043],{"class":51},[45,140669,2254],{"class":55},[45,140671,58132],{"class":51},[45,140673,2254],{"class":55},[45,140675,140676],{"class":51},"bird\n",[31,140678,140680],{"id":140679},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140682,140683],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1398,140685,140687],{"id":140686},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[36,140689,140691],{"className":38,"code":140690,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140692,140693,140701],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140694,140695,140697,140699],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140696,34680],{"class":51},[45,140698,56],{"class":55},[45,140700,8102],{"class":63},[45,140702,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140704,153],{"class":152},[45,140706,156],{"class":59},[45,140708,34701],{"class":135},[45,140710,132],{"class":59},[45,140712,34461],{"class":135},[45,140714,598],{"class":59},[20,140716,182],{},[36,140718,140719],{"className":38,"code":38294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,140720,140721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140722,140723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140724,38294],{"class":59},[1398,140726,140728],{"id":140727},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[36,140730,140732],{"className":38,"code":140731,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140733,140734,140742],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140735,140736,140738,140740],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140737,34680],{"class":51},[45,140739,56],{"class":55},[45,140741,8102],{"class":63},[45,140743,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140745,153],{"class":152},[45,140747,156],{"class":59},[45,140749,34701],{"class":135},[45,140751,132],{"class":59},[45,140753,34461],{"class":135},[45,140755,156],{"class":59},[45,140757,64],{"class":63},[45,140759,84],{"class":67},[45,140761,64],{"class":63},[45,140763,179],{"class":59},[20,140765,182],{},[36,140767,140769],{"className":38,"code":140768,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['']\n",[15,140770,140771],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140772,140773,140775,140777],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140774,223],{"class":59},[45,140776,4001],{"class":63},[45,140778,244],{"class":59},[1398,140780,140782],{"id":140781},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140784,140785],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[36,140787,140789],{"className":38,"code":140788,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140790,140791,140803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140792,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140794,34680],{"class":51},[45,140796,56],{"class":55},[45,140798,76],{"class":63},[45,140800,4073],{"class":67},[45,140802,468],{"class":63},[45,140804,140805,140807,140809,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140806,153],{"class":152},[45,140808,156],{"class":59},[45,140810,34701],{"class":135},[45,140812,132],{"class":59},[45,140814,34461],{"class":135},[45,140816,156],{"class":59},[45,140818,64],{"class":63},[45,140820,84],{"class":67},[45,140822,64],{"class":63},[45,140824,179],{"class":59},[20,140826,182],{},[36,140828,140830],{"className":38,"code":140829,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"['hello']\n",[15,140831,140832],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140833,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140835,223],{"class":59},[45,140837,198],{"class":63},[45,140839,4073],{"class":67},[45,140841,198],{"class":63},[45,140843,244],{"class":59},[31,140845,5185,140847],{"id":140846},"when-to-use-split",[15,140848,60537],{},[20,140850,1006,140851,140853],{},[15,140852,60537],{}," when you need to:",[258,140855,140856,140859,140862],{},[261,140857,140858],{},"split a sentence into words",[261,140860,140861],{},"split comma-separated values",[261,140863,140864],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140866,140867],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[258,140869,140870,140873,140876],{},[261,140871,140872],{},"cleaning text",[261,140874,140875],{},"parsing user input",[261,140877,140878],{},"processing simple file content",[31,140880,3061],{"id":3060},[20,140882,84247],{},[258,140884,140885,140889,140895,140898,140906],{},[261,140886,50508,140887,131582],{},[15,140888,60537],{},[261,140890,140891,140892,140894],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140893,60537],{}," returns a list, not a string",[261,140896,140897],{},"using the wrong separator",[261,140899,140900,140901,140903,140904],{},"assuming ",[15,140902,139840],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140905,60537],{},[261,140907,140908],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140910,140911],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[36,140913,140915],{"className":38,"code":140914,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140916,140917,140929,140947,140951],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140918,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140920,34680],{"class":51},[45,140922,56],{"class":55},[45,140924,76],{"class":63},[45,140926,42829],{"class":67},[45,140928,468],{"class":63},[45,140930,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943,140945],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,140932,34701],{"class":51},[45,140934,132],{"class":59},[45,140936,34461],{"class":135},[45,140938,156],{"class":59},[45,140940,64],{"class":63},[45,140942,84],{"class":67},[45,140944,64],{"class":63},[45,140946,161],{"class":59},[45,140948,140949],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,140950,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,140952,140953,140955,140957,140959],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,140954,153],{"class":152},[45,140956,156],{"class":59},[45,140958,34701],{"class":135},[45,140960,161],{"class":59},[20,140962,182],{},[36,140964,140966],{"className":38,"code":140965,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a,b,c\n",[15,140967,140968],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140969,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140971,277],{"class":51},[45,140973,84],{"class":59},[45,140975,1930],{"class":51},[45,140977,84],{"class":59},[45,140979,69253],{"class":51},[20,140981,140982],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140984,11015],{},[36,140986,140987],{"className":38,"code":42816,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,140988,140989,141001,141023,141027],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,140990,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,140992,34680],{"class":51},[45,140994,56],{"class":55},[45,140996,76],{"class":63},[45,140998,42829],{"class":67},[45,141000,468],{"class":63},[45,141002,141003,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141004,42836],{"class":51},[45,141006,56],{"class":55},[45,141008,42841],{"class":51},[45,141010,132],{"class":59},[45,141012,34461],{"class":135},[45,141014,156],{"class":59},[45,141016,64],{"class":63},[45,141018,84],{"class":67},[45,141020,64],{"class":63},[45,141022,161],{"class":59},[45,141024,141025],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,141026,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,141028,141029,141031,141033,141035],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,141030,153],{"class":152},[45,141032,156],{"class":59},[45,141034,42868],{"class":135},[45,141036,161],{"class":59},[20,141038,182],{},[36,141040,141041],{"className":38,"code":42875,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,141042,141043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141044,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141046,223],{"class":59},[45,141048,198],{"class":63},[45,141050,277],{"class":67},[45,141052,198],{"class":63},[45,141054,84],{"class":59},[45,141056,211],{"class":63},[45,141058,1930],{"class":67},[45,141060,198],{"class":63},[45,141062,84],{"class":59},[45,141064,211],{"class":63},[45,141066,9951],{"class":67},[45,141068,198],{"class":63},[45,141070,244],{"class":59},[20,141072,141073],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[36,141075,141077],{"className":38,"code":141076,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141078,141079,141092,141114,141118],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087,141090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141082,34680],{"class":51},[45,141084,56],{"class":55},[45,141086,76],{"class":63},[45,141088,141089],{"class":67},"apple,banana",[45,141091,468],{"class":63},[45,141093,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106,141108,141110,141112],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141095,42836],{"class":51},[45,141097,56],{"class":55},[45,141099,42841],{"class":51},[45,141101,132],{"class":59},[45,141103,34461],{"class":135},[45,141105,156],{"class":59},[45,141107,64],{"class":63},[45,141109,84],{"class":67},[45,141111,64],{"class":63},[45,141113,161],{"class":59},[45,141115,141116],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,141117,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,141119,141120,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,141121,153],{"class":152},[45,141123,156],{"class":59},[45,141125,42868],{"class":135},[45,141127,223],{"class":59},[45,141129,1133],{"class":96},[45,141131,218],{"class":59},[20,141133,141134,141135,132],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[277,141136,69266],{"href":69265},[1398,141138,60716],{"id":60715},[20,141140,9093,141141,141143],{},[15,141142,60537],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[36,141145,141147],{"className":38,"code":141146,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141148,141149,141159,141173,141195,141221],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141150,141151,141153,141155,141157],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141152,153],{"class":152},[45,141154,156],{"class":59},[45,141156,34701],{"class":135},[45,141158,161],{"class":59},[45,141160,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141162,153],{"class":152},[45,141164,156],{"class":59},[45,141166,34701],{"class":135},[45,141168,132],{"class":59},[45,141170,34461],{"class":135},[45,141172,598],{"class":59},[45,141174,141175,141177,141179,141181,141183,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,141176,153],{"class":152},[45,141178,156],{"class":59},[45,141180,34701],{"class":135},[45,141182,132],{"class":59},[45,141184,34461],{"class":135},[45,141186,156],{"class":59},[45,141188,198],{"class":63},[45,141190,84],{"class":67},[45,141192,198],{"class":63},[45,141194,179],{"class":59},[45,141196,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207,141209,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,141198,153],{"class":152},[45,141200,156],{"class":59},[45,141202,11369],{"class":152},[45,141204,156],{"class":59},[45,141206,34701],{"class":135},[45,141208,132],{"class":59},[45,141210,34461],{"class":135},[45,141212,156],{"class":59},[45,141214,198],{"class":63},[45,141216,84],{"class":67},[45,141218,198],{"class":63},[45,141220,3143],{"class":59},[45,141222,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,141224,153],{"class":152},[45,141226,156],{"class":59},[45,141228,1478],{"class":171},[45,141230,156],{"class":59},[45,141232,34701],{"class":135},[45,141234,132],{"class":59},[45,141236,34461],{"class":135},[45,141238,156],{"class":59},[45,141240,198],{"class":63},[45,141242,84],{"class":67},[45,141244,198],{"class":63},[45,141246,3143],{"class":59},[20,141248,11378],{},[258,141250,141251,141254,141257,141260],{},[261,141252,141253],{},"what the original string looks like",[261,141255,141256],{},"which separator works",[261,141258,141259],{},"how many items were created",[261,141261,141262],{},"that the result is a list",[31,141264,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,141266,5400,141268,329,141270,2079],{"id":141267},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141269,60537],{},[15,141271,139840],{},[20,141273,141274,141276],{},[15,141275,60537],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141278,141279,141281],{},[15,141280,139840],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1398,141283,2062,141285,124689],{"id":141284},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141286,60537],{},[20,141288,141289,141290,56483],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141291,60537],{},[1398,141293,2049,141295,39958],{"id":141294},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141296,139617],{},[20,141298,141299],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1398,141301,141303],{"id":141302},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141305,29217,141306,141308],{},[15,141307,60537],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[31,141310,2114],{"id":2113},[258,141312,141313,141317,141323,141329,141333],{},[261,141314,141315],{},[277,141316,129967],{"href":129045},[261,141318,141319],{},[277,141320,126362,141321,994],{"href":140579},[15,141322,133444],{},[261,141324,141325],{},[277,141326,126362,141327,994],{"href":136932},[15,141328,41652],{},[261,141330,141331],{},[277,141332,125117],{"href":50978},[261,141334,141335],{},[277,141336,69266],{"href":69265},[2154,141338,141339],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":141341},[141342,141343,141345,141346,141351,141352,141354,141356,141361,141363,141366,141375],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":139447,"depth":121,"text":141344},"What split() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":139695,"depth":121,"text":141347,"children":141348},"Using split() with no separator",[141349],{"id":139835,"depth":142,"text":141350},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139998,"depth":121,"text":139999},{"id":140208,"depth":121,"text":141353},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140409,"depth":121,"text":141355},"What split() returns",{"id":140679,"depth":121,"text":140680,"children":141357},[141358,141359,141360],{"id":140686,"depth":142,"text":140687},{"id":140727,"depth":142,"text":140728},{"id":140781,"depth":142,"text":140782},{"id":140846,"depth":121,"text":141362},"When to use split()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":141364},[141365],{"id":60715,"depth":142,"text":60716},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":141367},[141368,141370,141372,141374],{"id":141267,"depth":142,"text":141369},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141284,"depth":142,"text":141371},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141294,"depth":142,"text":141373},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141302,"depth":142,"text":141303},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139356,"description":141376},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141383,"title":141384,"body":141385,"description":143328,"extension":2195,"meta":143329,"navigation":145,"path":143330,"seo":143331,"stem":143332,"__hash__":143333},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141386,"toc":143287},[141387,141392,141397,141404,141477,141482,141487,141492,141508,141510,141580,141582,141584,141604,141606,141651,141656,141658,141756,141761,141765,141770,141774,141777,141819,141823,141826,141871,141875,141878,141928,141932,141937,141989,141991,141996,142007,142012,142092,142094,142106,142115,142122,142137,142139,142254,142260,142264,142267,142272,142414,142417,142424,142426,142430,142438,142507,142513,142562,142567,142572,142574,142594,142596,142662,142664,142668,142671,142675,142716,142718,142751,142756,142759,142786,142788,142831,142838,142843,142853,142919,142923,142931,142936,142987,142991,142994,142996,143005,143007,143057,143059,143166,143168,143173,143180,143186,143189,143220,143225,143227,143234,143242,143251,143254,143256,143284],[10,141388,123362,141390,18],{"id":141389},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141391,127730],{},[20,141393,123367,141394,141396],{},[15,141395,127730],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141398,126428,141399,995,141401,141403],{},[15,141400,3831],{},[15,141402,3902],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[36,141405,141407],{"className":38,"code":141406,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141408,141409,141422,141426,141451],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141410,141411,141413,141415,141417,141420],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141412,34680],{"class":51},[45,141414,56],{"class":55},[45,141416,76],{"class":63},[45,141418,141419],{"class":67},"Python Beginner Help",[45,141421,468],{"class":63},[45,141423,141424],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141425,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,141427,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,141429,153],{"class":152},[45,141431,156],{"class":59},[45,141433,34701],{"class":135},[45,141435,132],{"class":59},[45,141437,141438],{"class":135},"startswith",[45,141440,156],{"class":59},[45,141442,64],{"class":63},[45,141444,7518],{"class":67},[45,141446,64],{"class":63},[45,141448,5582],{"class":59},[45,141450,43855],{"class":1712},[45,141452,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463,141465,141467,141470,141472,141474],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,141454,153],{"class":152},[45,141456,156],{"class":59},[45,141458,34701],{"class":135},[45,141460,132],{"class":59},[45,141462,141438],{"class":135},[45,141464,156],{"class":59},[45,141466,64],{"class":63},[45,141468,141469],{"class":67},"Beginner",[45,141471,64],{"class":63},[45,141473,5582],{"class":59},[45,141475,141476],{"class":1712}," # False\n",[20,141478,1006,141479,141481],{},[15,141480,127730],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[31,141483,253,141485,256],{"id":141484},"what-startswith-does",[15,141486,127730],{},[20,141488,141489,141491],{},[15,141490,127730],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[258,141493,141494,141497,141503,141505],{},[261,141495,141496],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[261,141498,1610,141499,995,141501],{},[15,141500,3831],{},[15,141502,3902],{},[261,141504,123505],{},[261,141506,141507],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141509,361],{},[36,141511,141513],{"className":38,"code":141512,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141514,141515,141527,141531,141556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141516,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141518,8097],{"class":51},[45,141520,56],{"class":55},[45,141522,76],{"class":63},[45,141524,7518],{"class":67},[45,141526,468],{"class":63},[45,141528,141529],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141530,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,141532,141533,141535,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141550,141552,141554],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,141534,153],{"class":152},[45,141536,156],{"class":59},[45,141538,68],{"class":135},[45,141540,132],{"class":59},[45,141542,141438],{"class":135},[45,141544,156],{"class":59},[45,141546,64],{"class":63},[45,141548,141549],{"class":67},"Py",[45,141551,64],{"class":63},[45,141553,5582],{"class":59},[45,141555,43855],{"class":1712},[45,141557,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,141559,153],{"class":152},[45,141561,156],{"class":59},[45,141563,68],{"class":135},[45,141565,132],{"class":59},[45,141567,141438],{"class":135},[45,141569,156],{"class":59},[45,141571,64],{"class":63},[45,141573,128808],{"class":67},[45,141575,64],{"class":63},[45,141577,5582],{"class":59},[45,141579,43872],{"class":1712},[31,141581,284],{"id":283},[20,141583,42384],{},[36,141585,141587],{"className":38,"code":141586,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141588,141589],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141590,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141602],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141592,61180],{"class":51},[45,141594,132],{"class":59},[45,141596,141438],{"class":135},[45,141598,156],{"class":59},[45,141600,141601],{"class":135},"prefix",[45,141603,161],{"class":59},[20,141605,30918],{},[36,141607,141609],{"className":38,"code":141608,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141610,141611,141629],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141612,141613,141615,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141614,61180],{"class":51},[45,141616,132],{"class":59},[45,141618,141438],{"class":135},[45,141620,156],{"class":59},[45,141622,141601],{"class":135},[45,141624,84],{"class":59},[45,141626,36046],{"class":135},[45,141628,161],{"class":59},[45,141630,141631,141633,141635,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141632,61180],{"class":51},[45,141634,132],{"class":59},[45,141636,141438],{"class":135},[45,141638,156],{"class":59},[45,141640,141601],{"class":135},[45,141642,84],{"class":59},[45,141644,36046],{"class":135},[45,141646,84],{"class":59},[45,141648,65047],{"class":135},[45,141650,161],{"class":59},[20,141652,20949,141653,141655],{},[15,141654,141601],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141657,361],{},[36,141659,141661],{"className":38,"code":141660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141662,141663,141675,141679,141704,141728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141664,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141666,34680],{"class":51},[45,141668,56],{"class":55},[45,141670,76],{"class":63},[45,141672,60412],{"class":67},[45,141674,468],{"class":63},[45,141676,141677],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141678,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,141680,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,141682,153],{"class":152},[45,141684,156],{"class":59},[45,141686,34701],{"class":135},[45,141688,132],{"class":59},[45,141690,141438],{"class":135},[45,141692,156],{"class":59},[45,141694,64],{"class":63},[45,141696,4073],{"class":67},[45,141698,64],{"class":63},[45,141700,5582],{"class":59},[45,141702,141703],{"class":1712},"      # True\n",[45,141705,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,141707,153],{"class":152},[45,141709,156],{"class":59},[45,141711,34701],{"class":135},[45,141713,132],{"class":59},[45,141715,141438],{"class":135},[45,141717,156],{"class":59},[45,141719,64],{"class":63},[45,141721,60597],{"class":67},[45,141723,64],{"class":63},[45,141725,5582],{"class":59},[45,141727,21379],{"class":1712},[45,141729,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,141731,153],{"class":152},[45,141733,156],{"class":59},[45,141735,34701],{"class":135},[45,141737,132],{"class":59},[45,141739,141438],{"class":135},[45,141741,156],{"class":59},[45,141743,64],{"class":63},[45,141745,60597],{"class":67},[45,141747,64],{"class":63},[45,141749,84],{"class":59},[45,141751,37640],{"class":96},[45,141753,5582],{"class":59},[45,141755,43855],{"class":1712},[20,141757,141758,141759,132],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[277,141760,125117],{"href":50978},[31,141762,141764],{"id":141763},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141766,141767,141769],{},[15,141768,127730],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1398,141771,141772],{"id":141601},[15,141773,141601],{},[20,141775,141776],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[36,141778,141780],{"className":38,"code":141779,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141781,141782,141794],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141783,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141785,34680],{"class":51},[45,141787,56],{"class":55},[45,141789,76],{"class":63},[45,141791,1042],{"class":67},[45,141793,468],{"class":63},[45,141795,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141813,141815,141817],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141797,153],{"class":152},[45,141799,156],{"class":59},[45,141801,34701],{"class":135},[45,141803,132],{"class":59},[45,141805,141438],{"class":135},[45,141807,156],{"class":59},[45,141809,64],{"class":63},[45,141811,141812],{"class":67},"ban",[45,141814,64],{"class":63},[45,141816,5582],{"class":59},[45,141818,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,141820,141821],{"id":36067},[15,141822,36067],{},[20,141824,141825],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[36,141827,141829],{"className":38,"code":141828,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141830,141831,141843],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141832,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141834,34680],{"class":51},[45,141836,56],{"class":55},[45,141838,76],{"class":63},[45,141840,60412],{"class":67},[45,141842,468],{"class":63},[45,141844,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857,141859,141861,141863,141865,141867,141869],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141846,153],{"class":152},[45,141848,156],{"class":59},[45,141850,34701],{"class":135},[45,141852,132],{"class":59},[45,141854,141438],{"class":135},[45,141856,156],{"class":59},[45,141858,64],{"class":63},[45,141860,60597],{"class":67},[45,141862,64],{"class":63},[45,141864,84],{"class":59},[45,141866,37640],{"class":96},[45,141868,5582],{"class":59},[45,141870,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,141872,141873],{"id":52664},[15,141874,52664],{},[20,141876,141877],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[36,141879,141881],{"className":38,"code":141880,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141882,141883,141895],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141884,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141886,34680],{"class":51},[45,141888,56],{"class":55},[45,141890,76],{"class":63},[45,141892,60412],{"class":67},[45,141894,468],{"class":63},[45,141896,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141898,153],{"class":152},[45,141900,156],{"class":59},[45,141902,34701],{"class":135},[45,141904,132],{"class":59},[45,141906,141438],{"class":135},[45,141908,156],{"class":59},[45,141910,64],{"class":63},[45,141912,141913],{"class":67},"wor",[45,141915,64],{"class":63},[45,141917,84],{"class":59},[45,141919,37640],{"class":96},[45,141921,84],{"class":59},[45,141923,54140],{"class":96},[45,141925,5582],{"class":59},[45,141927,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,141929,141931],{"id":141930},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141933,141934,141936],{},[15,141935,141601],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[36,141938,141940],{"className":38,"code":141939,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141941,141942,141955],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,141943,141944,141946,141948,141950,141953],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,141945,126445],{"class":51},[45,141947,56],{"class":55},[45,141949,76],{"class":63},[45,141951,141952],{"class":67},"img_001.png",[45,141954,468],{"class":63},[45,141956,141957,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971,141974,141976,141978,141980,141983,141985,141987],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,141958,153],{"class":152},[45,141960,156],{"class":59},[45,141962,126463],{"class":135},[45,141964,132],{"class":59},[45,141966,141438],{"class":135},[45,141968,5731],{"class":59},[45,141970,64],{"class":63},[45,141972,141973],{"class":67},"img_",[45,141975,64],{"class":63},[45,141977,84],{"class":59},[45,141979,76],{"class":63},[45,141981,141982],{"class":67},"photo_",[45,141984,64],{"class":63},[45,141986,51094],{"class":59},[45,141988,3892],{"class":1712},[31,141990,17601],{"id":17600},[20,141992,141993,141995],{},[15,141994,127730],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[258,141997,141998,142003],{},[261,141999,142000,142002],{},[15,142001,3831],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[261,142004,142005,127047],{},[15,142006,3902],{},[20,142008,142009,142010,7394],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142011,7219],{},[36,142013,142015],{"className":38,"code":142014,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142016,142017,142031,142035,142056,142071,142077],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142018,142019,142022,142024,142026,142029],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142020,142021],{"class":51},"command ",[45,142023,56],{"class":55},[45,142025,76],{"class":63},[45,142027,142028],{"class":67},"\u002Fhelp",[45,142030,468],{"class":63},[45,142032,142033],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142034,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142036,142037,142039,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142038,7219],{"class":921},[45,142040,142041],{"class":51}," command",[45,142043,132],{"class":59},[45,142045,141438],{"class":135},[45,142047,156],{"class":59},[45,142049,64],{"class":63},[45,142051,127254],{"class":67},[45,142053,64],{"class":63},[45,142055,8559],{"class":59},[45,142057,142058,142060,142062,142064,142067,142069],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142059,942],{"class":152},[45,142061,156],{"class":59},[45,142063,64],{"class":63},[45,142065,142066],{"class":67},"This looks like a command.",[45,142068,64],{"class":63},[45,142070,161],{"class":59},[45,142072,142073,142075],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,142074,27590],{"class":921},[45,142076,6614],{"class":59},[45,142078,142079,142081,142083,142085,142088,142090],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,142080,942],{"class":152},[45,142082,156],{"class":59},[45,142084,64],{"class":63},[45,142086,142087],{"class":67},"This is normal text.",[45,142089,64],{"class":63},[45,142091,161],{"class":59},[20,142093,182],{},[36,142095,142097],{"className":38,"code":142096,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142098,142099],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142100,142101,142104],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142102,142103],{"class":51},"This looks like a command",[45,142105,122394],{"class":59},[31,142107,1797,142109,8922,142111,329,142113],{"id":142108},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142110,127730],{},[15,142112,36067],{},[15,142114,52664],{},[20,142116,2212,142117,329,142119,142121],{},[15,142118,36067],{},[15,142120,52664],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[258,142123,142124,142129,142134],{},[261,142125,142126,142128],{},[15,142127,36067],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[261,142130,142131,142133],{},[15,142132,52664],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[261,142135,142136],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142138,361],{},[36,142140,142142],{"className":38,"code":142141,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142143,142144,142156,142160,142189,142222],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142145,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142147,34680],{"class":51},[45,142149,56],{"class":55},[45,142151,76],{"class":63},[45,142153,139641],{"class":67},[45,142155,468],{"class":63},[45,142157,142158],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142159,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142161,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184,142186],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142163,153],{"class":152},[45,142165,156],{"class":59},[45,142167,34701],{"class":135},[45,142169,132],{"class":59},[45,142171,141438],{"class":135},[45,142173,156],{"class":59},[45,142175,64],{"class":63},[45,142177,79278],{"class":67},[45,142179,64],{"class":63},[45,142181,84],{"class":59},[45,142183,2687],{"class":96},[45,142185,5582],{"class":59},[45,142187,142188],{"class":1712},"        # True\n",[45,142190,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142218,142220],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142192,153],{"class":152},[45,142194,156],{"class":59},[45,142196,34701],{"class":135},[45,142198,132],{"class":59},[45,142200,141438],{"class":135},[45,142202,156],{"class":59},[45,142204,64],{"class":63},[45,142206,134248],{"class":67},[45,142208,64],{"class":63},[45,142210,84],{"class":59},[45,142212,6580],{"class":96},[45,142214,84],{"class":59},[45,142216,142217],{"class":96}," 13",[45,142219,5582],{"class":59},[45,142221,3892],{"class":1712},[45,142223,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244,142246,142248,142250,142252],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,142225,153],{"class":152},[45,142227,156],{"class":59},[45,142229,34701],{"class":135},[45,142231,132],{"class":59},[45,142233,141438],{"class":135},[45,142235,156],{"class":59},[45,142237,64],{"class":63},[45,142239,134248],{"class":67},[45,142241,64],{"class":63},[45,142243,84],{"class":59},[45,142245,6580],{"class":96},[45,142247,84],{"class":59},[45,142249,31097],{"class":96},[45,142251,5582],{"class":59},[45,142253,4995],{"class":1712},[20,142255,142256,142257,142259],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142258,52664],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[31,142261,142263],{"id":142262},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142265,142266],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142268,142269,142270,49350],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142271,40835],{},[36,142273,142275],{"className":38,"code":142274,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142276,142277,142291,142305,142319,142323,142347,142351,142372,142393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142278,142279,142282,142284,142286,142289],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142280,142281],{"class":51},"filename1 ",[45,142283,56],{"class":55},[45,142285,76],{"class":63},[45,142287,142288],{"class":67},"img_101.jpg",[45,142290,468],{"class":63},[45,142292,142293,142296,142298,142300,142303],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142294,142295],{"class":51},"filename2 ",[45,142297,56],{"class":55},[45,142299,76],{"class":63},[45,142301,142302],{"class":67},"photo_202.jpg",[45,142304,468],{"class":63},[45,142306,142307,142310,142312,142314,142317],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142308,142309],{"class":51},"filename3 ",[45,142311,56],{"class":55},[45,142313,76],{"class":63},[45,142315,142316],{"class":67},"doc_303.jpg",[45,142318,468],{"class":63},[45,142320,142321],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142322,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142324,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,142326,127657],{"class":51},[45,142328,56],{"class":55},[45,142330,9453],{"class":59},[45,142332,64],{"class":63},[45,142334,141973],{"class":67},[45,142336,64],{"class":63},[45,142338,84],{"class":59},[45,142340,76],{"class":63},[45,142342,141982],{"class":67},[45,142344,64],{"class":63},[45,142346,161],{"class":59},[45,142348,142349],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,142350,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142352,142353,142355,142357,142360,142362,142364,142366,142368,142370],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,142354,153],{"class":152},[45,142356,156],{"class":59},[45,142358,142359],{"class":135},"filename1",[45,142361,132],{"class":59},[45,142363,141438],{"class":135},[45,142365,156],{"class":59},[45,142367,127709],{"class":135},[45,142369,5582],{"class":59},[45,142371,3892],{"class":1712},[45,142373,142374,142376,142378,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,142375,153],{"class":152},[45,142377,156],{"class":59},[45,142379,142380],{"class":135},"filename2",[45,142382,132],{"class":59},[45,142384,141438],{"class":135},[45,142386,156],{"class":59},[45,142388,127709],{"class":135},[45,142390,5582],{"class":59},[45,142392,3892],{"class":1712},[45,142394,142395,142397,142399,142402,142404,142406,142408,142410,142412],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,142396,153],{"class":152},[45,142398,156],{"class":59},[45,142400,142401],{"class":135},"filename3",[45,142403,132],{"class":59},[45,142405,141438],{"class":135},[45,142407,156],{"class":59},[45,142409,127709],{"class":135},[45,142411,5582],{"class":59},[45,142413,4995],{"class":1712},[20,142415,142416],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142418,74779,142419,142423],{},[277,142420,126362,142421,994],{"href":129956},[15,142422,126420],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[31,142425,124009],{"id":124008},[20,142427,142428,123820],{},[15,142429,127730],{},[20,142431,127407,142432,329,142435,127414],{},[15,142433,142434],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142436,142437],{},"\"python\"",[36,142439,142441],{"className":38,"code":142440,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142442,142443,142455,142459,142483],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142444,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142446,34680],{"class":51},[45,142448,56],{"class":55},[45,142450,76],{"class":63},[45,142452,7518],{"class":67},[45,142454,468],{"class":63},[45,142456,142457],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142458,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142460,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142462,153],{"class":152},[45,142464,156],{"class":59},[45,142466,34701],{"class":135},[45,142468,132],{"class":59},[45,142470,141438],{"class":135},[45,142472,156],{"class":59},[45,142474,64],{"class":63},[45,142476,141549],{"class":67},[45,142478,64],{"class":63},[45,142480,5582],{"class":59},[45,142482,3892],{"class":1712},[45,142484,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142486,153],{"class":152},[45,142488,156],{"class":59},[45,142490,34701],{"class":135},[45,142492,132],{"class":59},[45,142494,141438],{"class":135},[45,142496,156],{"class":59},[45,142498,64],{"class":63},[45,142500,128808],{"class":67},[45,142502,64],{"class":63},[45,142504,5582],{"class":59},[45,142506,4995],{"class":1712},[20,142508,127499,142509,132],{},[277,142510,142511],{"href":124089},[15,142512,124092],{},[36,142514,142516],{"className":38,"code":142515,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142517,142518,142530,142534],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142519,142520,142522,142524,142526,142528],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142521,34680],{"class":51},[45,142523,56],{"class":55},[45,142525,76],{"class":63},[45,142527,7518],{"class":67},[45,142529,468],{"class":63},[45,142531,142532],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142533,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142535,142536,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142556,142558,142560],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142537,153],{"class":152},[45,142539,156],{"class":59},[45,142541,34701],{"class":135},[45,142543,132],{"class":59},[45,142545,8858],{"class":135},[45,142547,8855],{"class":59},[45,142549,141438],{"class":135},[45,142551,156],{"class":59},[45,142553,64],{"class":63},[45,142555,128808],{"class":67},[45,142557,64],{"class":63},[45,142559,5582],{"class":59},[45,142561,3892],{"class":1712},[31,142563,5185,142565],{"id":142564},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142566,127730],{},[20,142568,142569,142571],{},[15,142570,127730],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142573,9588],{},[258,142575,142576,142579,142582,142591],{},[261,142577,142578],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[261,142580,142581],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[261,142583,142584,142585,995,142588],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142586,142587],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142589,142590],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[261,142592,142593],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142595,361],{},[36,142597,142599],{"className":38,"code":142598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142600,142601,142614,142618,142647],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142602,142603,142605,142607,142609,142612],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142604,127225],{"class":51},[45,142606,56],{"class":55},[45,142608,76],{"class":63},[45,142610,142611],{"class":67},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[45,142613,468],{"class":63},[45,142615,142616],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142617,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142619,142620,142622,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142621,7219],{"class":921},[45,142623,142624],{"class":51}," url",[45,142626,132],{"class":59},[45,142628,141438],{"class":135},[45,142630,5731],{"class":59},[45,142632,64],{"class":63},[45,142634,142587],{"class":67},[45,142636,64],{"class":63},[45,142638,84],{"class":59},[45,142640,76],{"class":63},[45,142642,142590],{"class":67},[45,142644,64],{"class":63},[45,142646,69570],{"class":59},[45,142648,142649,142651,142653,142655,142658,142660],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142650,942],{"class":152},[45,142652,156],{"class":59},[45,142654,64],{"class":63},[45,142656,142657],{"class":67},"This looks like a web URL.",[45,142659,64],{"class":63},[45,142661,161],{"class":59},[31,142663,3061],{"id":3060},[20,142665,23267,142666,132],{},[15,142667,127730],{},[1398,142669,138802],{"id":142670},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142672,142673,123820],{},[15,142674,127730],{},[36,142676,142678],{"className":38,"code":142677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142679,142680,142692],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142681,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142683,34680],{"class":51},[45,142685,56],{"class":55},[45,142687,76],{"class":63},[45,142689,7518],{"class":67},[45,142691,468],{"class":63},[45,142693,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142695,153],{"class":152},[45,142697,156],{"class":59},[45,142699,34701],{"class":135},[45,142701,132],{"class":59},[45,142703,141438],{"class":135},[45,142705,156],{"class":59},[45,142707,64],{"class":63},[45,142709,40],{"class":67},[45,142711,64],{"class":63},[45,142713,5582],{"class":59},[45,142715,4995],{"class":1712},[20,142717,39259],{},[36,142719,142721],{"className":38,"code":142720,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142722,142723],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142724,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142726,153],{"class":152},[45,142728,156],{"class":59},[45,142730,34701],{"class":135},[45,142732,132],{"class":59},[45,142734,8858],{"class":135},[45,142736,8855],{"class":59},[45,142738,141438],{"class":135},[45,142740,156],{"class":59},[45,142742,64],{"class":63},[45,142744,40],{"class":67},[45,142746,64],{"class":63},[45,142748,5582],{"class":59},[45,142750,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,142752,1401,142754,137284],{"id":142753},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142755,127730],{},[20,142757,142758],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[36,142760,142762],{"className":38,"code":142761,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142763,142764,142772,142776,142781],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142765,142766,142768,142770],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142767,2677],{"class":51},[45,142769,56],{"class":55},[45,142771,125044],{"class":96},[45,142773,142774],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142775,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142777,142778],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142779,142780],{"class":1712},"# This will cause an error:\n",[45,142782,142783],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142784,142785],{"class":1712},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142787,39259],{},[36,142789,142791],{"className":38,"code":142790,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142792,142793,142807],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142794,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142796,2677],{"class":51},[45,142798,56],{"class":55},[45,142800,48906],{"class":171},[45,142802,156],{"class":59},[45,142804,50248],{"class":96},[45,142806,161],{"class":59},[45,142808,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142810,153],{"class":152},[45,142812,156],{"class":59},[45,142814,947],{"class":135},[45,142816,132],{"class":59},[45,142818,141438],{"class":135},[45,142820,156],{"class":59},[45,142822,64],{"class":63},[45,142824,1430],{"class":67},[45,142826,64],{"class":63},[45,142828,5582],{"class":59},[45,142830,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,142832,37200,142834,8922,142836],{"id":142833},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142835,127730],{},[15,142837,927],{},[20,142839,142840,142842],{},[15,142841,127730],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142844,142845,142846,142848,142849,132],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142847,927],{}," or methods like ",[277,142850,142851],{"href":124372},[15,142852,124357],{},[36,142854,142856],{"className":38,"code":142855,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142857,142858,142870,142874,142898],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142859,142860,142862,142864,142866,142868],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142861,34680],{"class":51},[45,142863,56],{"class":55},[45,142865,76],{"class":63},[45,142867,60412],{"class":67},[45,142869,468],{"class":63},[45,142871,142872],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142873,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142875,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884,142886,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142877,153],{"class":152},[45,142879,156],{"class":59},[45,142881,34701],{"class":135},[45,142883,132],{"class":59},[45,142885,141438],{"class":135},[45,142887,156],{"class":59},[45,142889,64],{"class":63},[45,142891,60597],{"class":67},[45,142893,64],{"class":63},[45,142895,5582],{"class":59},[45,142897,4995],{"class":1712},[45,142899,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,142901,153],{"class":152},[45,142903,156],{"class":59},[45,142905,64],{"class":63},[45,142907,60597],{"class":67},[45,142909,64],{"class":63},[45,142911,21352],{"class":921},[45,142913,42841],{"class":135},[45,142915,3889],{"class":59},[45,142917,142918],{"class":1712},"           # True\n",[20,142920,135836,142921,132],{},[277,142922,127398],{"href":123617},[1398,142924,4928,142926,329,142928,142930],{"id":142925},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142927,36067],{},[15,142929,52664],{}," use index positions",[20,142932,142933,142934,132],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142935,1117],{},[36,142937,142939],{"className":38,"code":142938,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142940,142941,142954,142958],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,142942,142943,142945,142947,142949,142952],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,142944,34680],{"class":51},[45,142946,56],{"class":55},[45,142948,76],{"class":63},[45,142950,142951],{"class":67},"abcdef",[45,142953,468],{"class":63},[45,142955,142956],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,142957,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,142959,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142977,142979,142981,142983,142985],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,142961,153],{"class":152},[45,142963,156],{"class":59},[45,142965,34701],{"class":135},[45,142967,132],{"class":59},[45,142969,141438],{"class":135},[45,142971,156],{"class":59},[45,142973,64],{"class":63},[45,142975,142976],{"class":67},"cd",[45,142978,64],{"class":63},[45,142980,84],{"class":59},[45,142982,1035],{"class":96},[45,142984,5582],{"class":59},[45,142986,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,142988,142990],{"id":142989},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142992,142993],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142995,1412],{},[36,142997,142999],{"className":38,"code":142998,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143000,143001],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143002,143003],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143004,142998],{"class":1712},[20,143006,16848],{},[36,143008,143010],{"className":38,"code":143009,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143011,143012,143024],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143013,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143015,34680],{"class":51},[45,143017,56],{"class":55},[45,143019,76],{"class":63},[45,143021,7518],{"class":67},[45,143023,468],{"class":63},[45,143025,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038,143040,143042,143044,143046,143048,143051,143053,143055],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143027,153],{"class":152},[45,143029,156],{"class":59},[45,143031,34701],{"class":135},[45,143033,132],{"class":59},[45,143035,141438],{"class":135},[45,143037,5731],{"class":59},[45,143039,64],{"class":63},[45,143041,141549],{"class":67},[45,143043,64],{"class":63},[45,143045,84],{"class":59},[45,143047,76],{"class":63},[45,143049,143050],{"class":67},"Ja",[45,143052,64],{"class":63},[45,143054,51094],{"class":59},[45,143056,3892],{"class":1712},[20,143058,32236],{},[36,143060,143062],{"className":38,"code":143061,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143063,143064,143074,143088,143110,143136],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143065,143066,143068,143070,143072],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143067,153],{"class":152},[45,143069,156],{"class":59},[45,143071,34701],{"class":135},[45,143073,161],{"class":59},[45,143075,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143077,153],{"class":152},[45,143079,156],{"class":59},[45,143081,1478],{"class":171},[45,143083,156],{"class":59},[45,143085,34701],{"class":135},[45,143087,179],{"class":59},[45,143089,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,143091,153],{"class":152},[45,143093,156],{"class":59},[45,143095,34701],{"class":135},[45,143097,132],{"class":59},[45,143099,141438],{"class":135},[45,143101,156],{"class":59},[45,143103,64],{"class":63},[45,143105,141549],{"class":67},[45,143107,64],{"class":63},[45,143109,179],{"class":59},[45,143111,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122,143124,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,143113,153],{"class":152},[45,143115,156],{"class":59},[45,143117,34701],{"class":135},[45,143119,132],{"class":59},[45,143121,8858],{"class":135},[45,143123,8855],{"class":59},[45,143125,141438],{"class":135},[45,143127,156],{"class":59},[45,143129,64],{"class":63},[45,143131,128808],{"class":67},[45,143133,64],{"class":63},[45,143135,179],{"class":59},[45,143137,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154,143156,143158,143160,143162,143164],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,143139,153],{"class":152},[45,143141,156],{"class":59},[45,143143,34701],{"class":135},[45,143145,132],{"class":59},[45,143147,141438],{"class":135},[45,143149,5731],{"class":59},[45,143151,64],{"class":63},[45,143153,141549],{"class":67},[45,143155,64],{"class":63},[45,143157,84],{"class":59},[45,143159,76],{"class":63},[45,143161,143050],{"class":67},[45,143163,64],{"class":63},[45,143165,3143],{"class":59},[31,143167,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,143169,2062,143171,128208],{"id":143170},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143172,127730],{},[20,143174,143175,143176,995,143178,132],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143177,3831],{},[15,143179,3902],{},[1398,143181,5390,143183,143185],{"id":143182},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143184,127730],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143187,143188],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[36,143190,143192],{"className":38,"code":143191,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143193,143194],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143195,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143197,34701],{"class":51},[45,143199,132],{"class":59},[45,143201,141438],{"class":135},[45,143203,5731],{"class":59},[45,143205,64],{"class":63},[45,143207,277],{"class":67},[45,143209,64],{"class":63},[45,143211,84],{"class":59},[45,143213,76],{"class":63},[45,143215,1930],{"class":67},[45,143217,64],{"class":63},[45,143219,179],{"class":59},[1398,143221,15096,143223,124698],{"id":143222},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143224,127730],{},[20,143226,129891],{},[1398,143228,5400,143230,329,143232,2079],{"id":143229},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143231,127730],{},[15,143233,927],{},[20,143235,143236,143238,143239,143241],{},[15,143237,127730],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143240,927],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1398,143243,28485,143245,329,143247,8922,143249,2079],{"id":143244},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143246,36067],{},[15,143248,52664],{},[15,143250,127730],{},[20,143252,143253],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[31,143255,2114],{"id":2113},[258,143257,143258,143264,143270,143276,143280],{},[261,143259,143260],{},[277,143261,126362,143262,994],{"href":129956},[15,143263,126420],{},[261,143265,143266],{},[277,143267,126362,143268,994],{"href":124372},[15,143269,124357],{},[261,143271,143272],{},[277,143273,126362,143274,994],{"href":124089},[15,143275,124092],{},[261,143277,143278],{},[277,143279,124761],{"href":123617},[261,143281,143282],{},[277,143283,125117],{"href":50978},[2154,143285,143286],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":143288},[143289,143291,143292,143298,143299,143301,143302,143303,143305,143315,143327],{"id":141484,"depth":121,"text":143290},"What startswith() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":141763,"depth":121,"text":141764,"children":143293},[143294,143295,143296,143297],{"id":141601,"depth":142,"text":141601},{"id":36067,"depth":142,"text":36067},{"id":52664,"depth":142,"text":52664},{"id":141930,"depth":142,"text":141931},{"id":17600,"depth":121,"text":17601},{"id":142108,"depth":121,"text":143300},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142262,"depth":121,"text":142263},{"id":124008,"depth":121,"text":124009},{"id":142564,"depth":121,"text":143304},"When to use startswith()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":143306},[143307,143308,143310,143312,143314],{"id":142670,"depth":142,"text":138802},{"id":142753,"depth":142,"text":143309},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142833,"depth":142,"text":143311},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142925,"depth":142,"text":143313},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142989,"depth":142,"text":142990},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":143316},[143317,143319,143321,143323,143325],{"id":143170,"depth":142,"text":143318},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143182,"depth":142,"text":143320},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143222,"depth":142,"text":143322},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143229,"depth":142,"text":143324},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143244,"depth":142,"text":143326},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141384,"description":143328},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143335,"title":143336,"body":143337,"description":144791,"extension":2195,"meta":144792,"navigation":145,"path":144793,"seo":144794,"stem":144795,"__hash__":144796},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143338,"toc":144761},[143339,143344,143349,143352,143354,143398,143400,143408,143413,143418,143423,143425,143443,143445,143491,143493,143507,143516,143520,143522,143524,143536,143541,143544,143576,143578,143587,143592,143595,143636,143638,143646,143648,143661,143667,143671,143674,143690,143692,143741,143743,143752,143755,143814,143816,143825,143832,143835,143888,143890,143914,143921,143927,143931,143937,143940,143951,143953,143993,143995,144003,144005,144045,144047,144056,144058,144076,144079,144086,144097,144100,144117,144119,144196,144198,144229,144232,144234,144237,144263,144265,144305,144307,144316,144326,144334,144342,144347,144352,144354,144368,144370,144421,144423,144432,144442,144444,144446,144468,144471,144550,144552,144588,144591,144666,144671,144673,144679,144684,144689,144692,144698,144701,144708,144716,144720,144728,144730,144758],[10,143340,123362,143342,18],{"id":143341},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143343,41652],{},[20,143345,22,143346,143348],{},[15,143347,41652],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143350,143351],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[31,143353,3836],{"id":3835},[36,143355,143357],{"className":38,"code":143356,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143358,143359,143372,143387],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143360,143361,143363,143365,143367,143370],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143362,34680],{"class":51},[45,143364,56],{"class":55},[45,143366,76],{"class":63},[45,143368,143369],{"class":67},"  hello  ",[45,143371,468],{"class":63},[45,143373,143374,143377,143379,143381,143383,143385],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143375,143376],{"class":51},"clean_text ",[45,143378,56],{"class":55},[45,143380,42841],{"class":51},[45,143382,132],{"class":59},[45,143384,8852],{"class":135},[45,143386,139],{"class":59},[45,143388,143389,143391,143393,143396],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,143390,153],{"class":152},[45,143392,156],{"class":59},[45,143394,143395],{"class":135},"clean_text",[45,143397,161],{"class":59},[20,143399,182],{},[36,143401,143402],{"className":38,"code":138677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,143403,143404],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143405,143406],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143407,138677],{"class":51},[20,143409,1006,143410,143412],{},[15,143411,41652],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[31,143414,253,143416,256],{"id":143415},"what-strip-does",[15,143417,41652],{},[20,143419,143420,143422],{},[15,143421,41652],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143424,303],{},[258,143426,143427,143431,143434,143437,143440],{},[261,143428,143429,131712],{},[15,143430,41652],{},[261,143432,143433],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[261,143435,143436],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[261,143438,143439],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[261,143441,143442],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143444,361],{},[36,143446,143448],{"className":38,"code":143447,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143449,143450,143463,143467,143481],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143451,143452,143454,143456,143458,143461],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143453,34680],{"class":51},[45,143455,56],{"class":55},[45,143457,76],{"class":63},[45,143459,143460],{"class":67},"  hello world  ",[45,143462,468],{"class":63},[45,143464,143465],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143466,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,143468,143469,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,143470,153],{"class":152},[45,143472,156],{"class":59},[45,143474,34701],{"class":135},[45,143476,132],{"class":59},[45,143478,8852],{"class":135},[45,143480,598],{"class":59},[45,143482,143483,143485,143487,143489],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,143484,153],{"class":152},[45,143486,156],{"class":59},[45,143488,34701],{"class":135},[45,143490,161],{"class":59},[20,143492,182],{},[36,143494,143496],{"className":38,"code":143495,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143497,143498,143502],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143499,143500],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143501,134378],{"class":51},[45,143503,143504],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143505,143506],{"class":51},"  hello world\n",[20,143508,143509,143510,143512,143513,143515],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143511,41652],{},", but the original ",[15,143514,34701],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143517,125114,143518,132],{},[277,143519,125117],{"href":50978},[31,143521,284],{"id":283},[20,143523,26643],{},[258,143525,143526,143531],{},[261,143527,143528],{},[15,143529,143530],{},"string.strip()",[261,143532,143533],{},[15,143534,143535],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1398,143537,143539],{"id":143538},"stringstrip",[15,143540,143530],{},[20,143542,143543],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[36,143545,143547],{"className":38,"code":143546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143548,143549,143562],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143550,143551,143553,143555,143557,143560],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143552,8097],{"class":51},[45,143554,56],{"class":55},[45,143556,76],{"class":63},[45,143558,143559],{"class":67},"  Alice  ",[45,143561,468],{"class":63},[45,143563,143564,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143565,153],{"class":152},[45,143567,156],{"class":59},[45,143569,68],{"class":135},[45,143571,132],{"class":59},[45,143573,8852],{"class":135},[45,143575,598],{"class":59},[20,143577,182],{},[36,143579,143581],{"className":38,"code":143580,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Alice\n",[15,143582,143583],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143584,143585],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143586,143580],{"class":51},[1398,143588,143590],{"id":143589},"stringstripchars",[15,143591,143535],{},[20,143593,143594],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[36,143596,143598],{"className":38,"code":143597,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143599,143600,143613],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143601,143602,143604,143606,143608,143611],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143603,34680],{"class":51},[45,143605,56],{"class":55},[45,143607,76],{"class":63},[45,143609,143610],{"class":67},"!!hello??",[45,143612,468],{"class":63},[45,143614,143615,143617,143619,143621,143623,143625,143627,143629,143632,143634],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143616,153],{"class":152},[45,143618,156],{"class":59},[45,143620,34701],{"class":135},[45,143622,132],{"class":59},[45,143624,8852],{"class":135},[45,143626,156],{"class":59},[45,143628,64],{"class":63},[45,143630,143631],{"class":67},"!?",[45,143633,64],{"class":63},[45,143635,179],{"class":59},[20,143637,182],{},[36,143639,143640],{"className":38,"code":138677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,143641,143642],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143643,143644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143645,138677],{"class":51},[20,143647,83828],{},[258,143649,143650,143655],{},[261,143651,143652,143654],{},[15,143653,134621],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[261,143656,143657,143658,143660],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143659,134621],{}," does not matter",[31,143662,143664,143665],{"id":143663},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143666,41652],{},[20,143668,31039,143669,132],{},[15,143670,41652],{},[20,143672,143673],{},"It is useful for:",[258,143675,143676,143681,143684,143687],{},[261,143677,143678,143679,4113],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143680,3189],{},[261,143682,143683],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[261,143685,143686],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[261,143688,143689],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143691,48363],{},[36,143693,143695],{"className":38,"code":143694,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143696,143697,143710,143726,143730],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143698,143699,143701,143703,143705,143708],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143700,8181],{"class":51},[45,143702,56],{"class":55},[45,143704,76],{"class":63},[45,143706,143707],{"class":67},"  sam  ",[45,143709,468],{"class":63},[45,143711,143712,143715,143717,143720,143722,143724],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143713,143714],{"class":51},"clean_username ",[45,143716,56],{"class":55},[45,143718,143719],{"class":51}," username",[45,143721,132],{"class":59},[45,143723,8852],{"class":135},[45,143725,139],{"class":59},[45,143727,143728],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,143729,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,143731,143732,143734,143736,143739],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,143733,153],{"class":152},[45,143735,156],{"class":59},[45,143737,143738],{"class":135},"clean_username",[45,143740,161],{"class":59},[20,143742,182],{},[36,143744,143746],{"className":38,"code":143745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sam\n",[15,143747,143748],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143749,143750],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143751,143745],{"class":51},[20,143753,143754],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[36,143756,143758],{"className":38,"code":143757,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143759,143760,143773,143777,143799],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143761,143762,143764,143766,143768,143771],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143763,136605],{"class":51},[45,143765,56],{"class":55},[45,143767,76],{"class":63},[45,143769,143770],{"class":67}," yes  ",[45,143772,468],{"class":63},[45,143774,143775],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143776,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,143778,143779,143781,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793,143795,143797],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,143780,7219],{"class":921},[45,143782,136625],{"class":51},[45,143784,132],{"class":59},[45,143786,8852],{"class":135},[45,143788,7587],{"class":59},[45,143790,6629],{"class":55},[45,143792,76],{"class":63},[45,143794,8875],{"class":67},[45,143796,64],{"class":63},[45,143798,6614],{"class":59},[45,143800,143801,143803,143805,143807,143810,143812],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,143802,942],{"class":152},[45,143804,156],{"class":59},[45,143806,64],{"class":63},[45,143808,143809],{"class":67},"Matched",[45,143811,64],{"class":63},[45,143813,161],{"class":59},[20,143815,182],{},[36,143817,143819],{"className":38,"code":143818,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Matched\n",[15,143820,143821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143822,143823],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143824,143818],{"class":51},[20,143826,143827,143828,132],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[277,143829,143831],{"href":143830},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143833,143834],{},"Example with file-style text:",[36,143836,143838],{"className":38,"code":143837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143839,143840,143856,143870],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143841,143842,143845,143847,143849,143852,143854],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143843,143844],{"class":51},"line ",[45,143846,56],{"class":55},[45,143848,76],{"class":63},[45,143850,143851],{"class":67},"Python basics",[45,143853,87160],{"class":34445},[45,143855,468],{"class":63},[45,143857,143858,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143859,153],{"class":152},[45,143861,156],{"class":59},[45,143863,41778],{"class":152},[45,143865,156],{"class":59},[45,143867,47],{"class":135},[45,143869,179],{"class":59},[45,143871,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880,143882,143884,143886],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,143873,153],{"class":152},[45,143875,156],{"class":59},[45,143877,41778],{"class":152},[45,143879,156],{"class":59},[45,143881,47],{"class":135},[45,143883,132],{"class":59},[45,143885,8852],{"class":135},[45,143887,2041],{"class":59},[20,143889,182],{},[36,143891,143893],{"className":38,"code":143892,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143894,143895,143906],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143896,143897,143899,143901,143904],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143898,198],{"class":43328},[45,143900,143851],{"class":43332},[45,143902,87160],{"class":143903},"sfi6f",[45,143905,29855],{"class":43328},[45,143907,143908,143910,143912],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143909,198],{"class":43328},[45,143911,143851],{"class":43332},[45,143913,29855],{"class":43328},[20,143915,1797,143916,143918,143919,132],{},[15,143917,122576],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143920,87160],{},[20,143922,143923,143924,132],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[277,143925,143926],{"href":87813},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[31,143928,143930],{"id":143929},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143932,143933,143934,132],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143935,143936],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143938,143939],{},"Python will:",[258,143941,143942,143945,143948],{},[261,143943,143944],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[261,143946,143947],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[261,143949,143950],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143952,361],{},[36,143954,143956],{"className":38,"code":143955,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143957,143958,143971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,143959,143960,143962,143964,143966,143969],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,143961,34680],{"class":51},[45,143963,56],{"class":55},[45,143965,76],{"class":63},[45,143967,143968],{"class":67},"??hello!!",[45,143970,468],{"class":63},[45,143972,143973,143975,143977,143979,143981,143983,143985,143987,143989,143991],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,143974,153],{"class":152},[45,143976,156],{"class":59},[45,143978,34701],{"class":135},[45,143980,132],{"class":59},[45,143982,8852],{"class":135},[45,143984,156],{"class":59},[45,143986,64],{"class":63},[45,143988,143631],{"class":67},[45,143990,64],{"class":63},[45,143992,179],{"class":59},[20,143994,182],{},[36,143996,143997],{"className":38,"code":138677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,143998,143999],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144000,144001],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144002,138677],{"class":51},[20,144004,52083],{},[36,144006,144008],{"className":38,"code":144007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144009,144010,144023],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144011,144012,144014,144016,144018,144021],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144013,34680],{"class":51},[45,144015,56],{"class":55},[45,144017,76],{"class":63},[45,144019,144020],{"class":67},"abcHelloCba",[45,144022,468],{"class":63},[45,144024,144025,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144026,153],{"class":152},[45,144028,156],{"class":59},[45,144030,34701],{"class":135},[45,144032,132],{"class":59},[45,144034,8852],{"class":135},[45,144036,156],{"class":59},[45,144038,64],{"class":63},[45,144040,41559],{"class":67},[45,144042,64],{"class":63},[45,144044,179],{"class":59},[20,144046,182],{},[36,144048,144050],{"className":38,"code":144049,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HelloC\n",[15,144051,144052],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144053,144054],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144055,144049],{"class":51},[20,144057,6456],{},[20,144059,144060,14246,144063,144065,144066,144068,144069,2419,144071,2423,144073,144075],{},[15,144061,144062],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[355,144064,4854],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144067,41559],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144070,277],{},[15,144072,1930],{},[15,144074,9951],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144077,144078],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144080,144081,144082,6852],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[277,144083,144084],{"href":129943},[15,144085,124533],{},[31,144087,144089,1174,144091,1174,144094],{"id":144088},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144090,41652],{},[15,144092,144093],{},"lstrip()",[15,144095,144096],{},"rstrip()",[20,144098,144099],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[258,144101,144102,144107,144112],{},[261,144103,144104,144106],{},[15,144105,41652],{}," removes from both ends",[261,144108,144109,144111],{},[15,144110,144093],{}," removes from the left side only",[261,144113,144114,144116],{},[15,144115,144096],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144118,361],{},[36,144120,144122],{"className":38,"code":144121,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144123,144124,144136,144140,144158,144177],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144125,144126,144128,144130,144132,144134],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144127,34680],{"class":51},[45,144129,56],{"class":55},[45,144131,76],{"class":63},[45,144133,143369],{"class":67},[45,144135,468],{"class":63},[45,144137,144138],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144139,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,144141,144142,144144,144146,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144143,153],{"class":152},[45,144145,156],{"class":59},[45,144147,41778],{"class":152},[45,144149,156],{"class":59},[45,144151,34701],{"class":135},[45,144153,132],{"class":59},[45,144155,8852],{"class":135},[45,144157,2041],{"class":59},[45,144159,144160,144162,144164,144166,144168,144170,144172,144175],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,144161,153],{"class":152},[45,144163,156],{"class":59},[45,144165,41778],{"class":152},[45,144167,156],{"class":59},[45,144169,34701],{"class":135},[45,144171,132],{"class":59},[45,144173,144174],{"class":135},"lstrip",[45,144176,2041],{"class":59},[45,144178,144179,144181,144183,144185,144187,144189,144191,144194],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,144180,153],{"class":152},[45,144182,156],{"class":59},[45,144184,41778],{"class":152},[45,144186,156],{"class":59},[45,144188,34701],{"class":135},[45,144190,132],{"class":59},[45,144192,144193],{"class":135},"rstrip",[45,144195,2041],{"class":59},[20,144197,182],{},[36,144199,144201],{"className":38,"code":144200,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144202,144203,144211,144220],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144204,144205,144207,144209],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144206,198],{"class":43328},[45,144208,4073],{"class":43332},[45,144210,29855],{"class":43328},[45,144212,144213,144215,144218],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144214,198],{"class":43328},[45,144216,144217],{"class":43332},"hello  ",[45,144219,29855],{"class":43328},[45,144221,144222,144224,144227],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144223,198],{"class":43328},[45,144225,144226],{"class":43332},"  hello",[45,144228,29855],{"class":43328},[20,144230,144231],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[31,144233,108370],{"id":108369},[20,144235,144236],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[258,144238,144239,144247,144257,144260],{},[261,144240,144241,144243,144244,144246],{},[15,144242,144062],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144245,41528],{}," once",[261,144248,144249,144250,2419,144252,2423,144254,144256],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144251,277],{},[15,144253,1930],{},[15,144255,9951],{}," from both ends",[261,144258,144259],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[261,144261,144262],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144264,361],{},[36,144266,144268],{"className":38,"code":144267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144269,144270,144283],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144271,144272,144274,144276,144278,144281],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144273,126445],{"class":51},[45,144275,56],{"class":55},[45,144277,76],{"class":63},[45,144279,144280],{"class":67},"txt_report.txt",[45,144282,468],{"class":63},[45,144284,144285,144287,144289,144291,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301,144303],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144286,153],{"class":152},[45,144288,156],{"class":59},[45,144290,126463],{"class":135},[45,144292,132],{"class":59},[45,144294,8852],{"class":135},[45,144296,156],{"class":59},[45,144298,64],{"class":63},[45,144300,126498],{"class":67},[45,144302,64],{"class":63},[45,144304,179],{"class":59},[20,144306,182],{},[36,144308,144310],{"className":38,"code":144309,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"_report\n",[15,144311,144312],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144313,144314],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144315,144309],{"class":51},[20,144317,144318,144319,2419,144321,2423,144323,144325],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144320,132],{},[15,144322,63293],{},[15,144324,2403],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144327,53657,144328,5007,144331,144333],{},[15,144329,144330],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[355,144332,4854],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144335,144336,144337,144341],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[277,144338,144339],{"href":129943},[15,144340,124533],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[31,144343,5185,144345],{"id":144344},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144346,41652],{},[20,144348,1006,144349,144351],{},[15,144350,41652],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144353,36421],{},[258,144355,144356,144360,144362,144365],{},[261,144357,143678,144358,4113],{},[15,144359,3189],{},[261,144361,143683],{},[261,144363,144364],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[261,144366,144367],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144369,361],{},[36,144371,144373],{"className":38,"code":144372,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144374,144375,144389,144393,144406],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144376,144377,144380,144382,144384,144387],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144378,144379],{"class":51},"email ",[45,144381,56],{"class":55},[45,144383,76],{"class":63},[45,144385,144386],{"class":67},"  user@example.com  ",[45,144388,468],{"class":63},[45,144390,144391],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144392,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,144394,144395,144397,144400,144402,144404],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144396,7219],{"class":921},[45,144398,144399],{"class":51}," email",[45,144401,132],{"class":59},[45,144403,8852],{"class":135},[45,144405,937],{"class":59},[45,144407,144408,144410,144412,144414,144417,144419],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,144409,942],{"class":152},[45,144411,156],{"class":59},[45,144413,64],{"class":63},[45,144415,144416],{"class":67},"Email was entered",[45,144418,64],{"class":63},[45,144420,161],{"class":59},[20,144422,182],{},[36,144424,144426],{"className":38,"code":144425,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Email was entered\n",[15,144427,144428],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144429,144430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144431,144425],{"class":51},[20,144433,144434,144435,144437,144438,132],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144436,41652],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[277,144439,144440],{"href":124089},[15,144441,124092],{},[31,144443,3061],{"id":3060},[20,144445,84247],{},[258,144447,144448,144452,144457,144462],{},[261,144449,8670,144450,131582],{},[15,144451,41652],{},[261,144453,8670,144454,144456],{},[15,144455,41652],{}," to remove text from the middle",[261,144458,1797,144459,144461],{},[15,144460,144330],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[261,144463,4928,144464,144467],{},[15,144465,144466],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144469,144470],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[36,144472,144474],{"className":38,"code":144473,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144475,144476,144490,144494,144504,144518,144532],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144477,144478,144480,144482,144484,144486,144488],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144479,34680],{"class":51},[45,144481,56],{"class":55},[45,144483,76],{"class":63},[45,144485,144226],{"class":67},[45,144487,87160],{"class":34445},[45,144489,468],{"class":63},[45,144491,144492],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144493,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,144495,144496,144498,144500,144502],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144497,153],{"class":152},[45,144499,156],{"class":59},[45,144501,34701],{"class":135},[45,144503,161],{"class":59},[45,144505,144506,144508,144510,144512,144514,144516],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,144507,153],{"class":152},[45,144509,156],{"class":59},[45,144511,41778],{"class":152},[45,144513,156],{"class":59},[45,144515,34701],{"class":135},[45,144517,179],{"class":59},[45,144519,144520,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,144521,153],{"class":152},[45,144523,156],{"class":59},[45,144525,34701],{"class":135},[45,144527,132],{"class":59},[45,144529,8852],{"class":135},[45,144531,598],{"class":59},[45,144533,144534,144536,144538,144540,144542,144544,144546,144548],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,144535,153],{"class":152},[45,144537,156],{"class":59},[45,144539,41778],{"class":152},[45,144541,156],{"class":59},[45,144543,34701],{"class":135},[45,144545,132],{"class":59},[45,144547,8852],{"class":135},[45,144549,2041],{"class":59},[20,144551,182],{},[36,144553,144555],{"className":38,"code":144554,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144556,144557,144562,144566,144576,144580],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144558,144559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144560,144561],{"class":51},"  hello\n",[45,144563,144564],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144565,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,144567,144568,144570,144572,144574],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144569,198],{"class":43328},[45,144571,144226],{"class":43332},[45,144573,87160],{"class":143903},[45,144575,29855],{"class":43328},[45,144577,144578],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,144579,138677],{"class":51},[45,144581,144582,144584,144586],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,144583,198],{"class":43328},[45,144585,4073],{"class":43332},[45,144587,29855],{"class":43328},[20,144589,144590],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[36,144592,144594],{"className":38,"code":144593,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144595,144596,144606,144620,144634,144652],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144597,144598,144600,144602,144604],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144599,153],{"class":152},[45,144601,156],{"class":59},[45,144603,34701],{"class":135},[45,144605,161],{"class":59},[45,144607,144608,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144609,153],{"class":152},[45,144611,156],{"class":59},[45,144613,41778],{"class":152},[45,144615,156],{"class":59},[45,144617,34701],{"class":135},[45,144619,179],{"class":59},[45,144621,144622,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144623,153],{"class":152},[45,144625,156],{"class":59},[45,144627,34701],{"class":135},[45,144629,132],{"class":59},[45,144631,8852],{"class":135},[45,144633,598],{"class":59},[45,144635,144636,144638,144640,144642,144644,144646,144648,144650],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,144637,153],{"class":152},[45,144639,156],{"class":59},[45,144641,41778],{"class":152},[45,144643,156],{"class":59},[45,144645,34701],{"class":135},[45,144647,132],{"class":59},[45,144649,8852],{"class":135},[45,144651,2041],{"class":59},[45,144653,144654,144656,144658,144660,144662,144664],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,144655,32306],{"class":152},[45,144657,156],{"class":59},[45,144659,3669],{"class":171},[45,144661,132],{"class":59},[45,144663,8852],{"class":1863},[45,144665,161],{"class":59},[20,144667,144668,144670],{},[15,144669,122576],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[31,144672,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,144674,2062,144676,144678],{"id":144675},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144677,41652],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144680,46366,144681,144683],{},[15,144682,41652],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1398,144685,2062,144687,124689],{"id":144686},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144688,41652],{},[20,144690,144691],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1398,144693,2049,144695,144697],{"id":144694},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144696,41652],{}," remove by default?",[20,144699,144700],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1398,144702,2097,144704,2100,144706,2079],{"id":144703},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144705,41652],{},[15,144707,124533],{},[20,144709,144710,144712,144713,144715],{},[15,144711,41652],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144714,124533],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1398,144717,144719],{"id":144718},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144721,128235,144722,144724,144725,144727],{},[15,144723,144093],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144726,144096],{}," for the right side.",[31,144729,2114],{"id":2113},[258,144731,144732,144738,144744,144749,144754],{},[261,144733,144734],{},[277,144735,126362,144736,994],{"href":124089},[15,144737,124092],{},[261,144739,144740],{},[277,144741,126362,144742,994],{"href":129943},[15,144743,124533],{},[261,144745,144746],{},[277,144747,144748],{"href":143830},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[261,144750,144751],{},[277,144752,144753],{"href":87813},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[261,144755,144756],{},[277,144757,125117],{"href":50978},[2154,144759,144760],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":144762},[144763,144764,144766,144770,144772,144773,144775,144776,144778,144779,144790],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":143415,"depth":121,"text":144765},"What strip() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":144767},[144768,144769],{"id":143538,"depth":142,"text":143530},{"id":143589,"depth":142,"text":143535},{"id":143663,"depth":121,"text":144771},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143929,"depth":121,"text":143930},{"id":144088,"depth":121,"text":144774},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108369,"depth":121,"text":108370},{"id":144344,"depth":121,"text":144777},"When to use strip()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":144780},[144781,144783,144785,144787,144789],{"id":144675,"depth":142,"text":144782},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144686,"depth":142,"text":144784},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144694,"depth":142,"text":144786},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144703,"depth":142,"text":144788},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144718,"depth":142,"text":144719},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143336,"description":144791},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144798,"title":144799,"body":144800,"description":145980,"extension":2195,"meta":145981,"navigation":145,"path":145982,"seo":145983,"stem":145984,"__hash__":145985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144801,"toc":145950},[144802,144807,144812,144817,144819,144865,144873,144878,144892,144898,144900,144902,144917,144919,144929,144932,144963,144966,144989,144991,144994,145051,145053,145067,145069,145083,145089,145094,145097,145138,145140,145149,145157,145160,145205,145207,145216,145219,145223,145228,145242,145244,145276,145278,145298,145301,145306,145311,145313,145324,145327,145384,145386,145394,145403,145405,145407,145413,145415,145452,145454,145462,145464,145505,145507,145516,145521,145526,145528,145555,145562,145565,145596,145598,145607,145613,145622,145653,145655,145667,145680,145684,145689,145719,145721,145788,145790,145800,145802,145807,145810,145815,145820,145824,145830,145836,145839,145841,145899,145901,145909,145911,145947],[10,144803,123362,144805,18],{"id":144804},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144806,128240],{},[20,144808,123367,144809,144811],{},[15,144810,128240],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144813,84624,144814,144816],{},[15,144815,128240],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[31,144818,34],{"id":33},[36,144820,144822],{"className":38,"code":144821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144823,144824,144836,144850,144860],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144825,144826,144828,144830,144832,144834],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144827,34680],{"class":51},[45,144829,56],{"class":55},[45,144831,76],{"class":63},[45,144833,129081],{"class":67},[45,144835,468],{"class":63},[45,144837,144838,144840,144842,144844,144846,144848],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144839,716],{"class":51},[45,144841,56],{"class":55},[45,144843,42841],{"class":51},[45,144845,132],{"class":59},[45,144847,34470],{"class":135},[45,144849,139],{"class":59},[45,144851,144852,144854,144856,144858],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,144853,153],{"class":152},[45,144855,156],{"class":59},[45,144857,740],{"class":135},[45,144859,161],{"class":59},[45,144861,144862],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,144863,144864],{"class":1712},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144866,144867,144869,144870,144872],{},[15,144868,128240],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[355,144871,4854],{}," change the original string in place.",[31,144874,253,144876,256],{"id":144875},"what-upper-does",[15,144877,128240],{},[258,144879,144880,144885,144888,144890],{},[261,144881,144882,144884],{},[15,144883,128240],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[261,144886,144887],{},"It works on string values only",[261,144889,133610],{},[261,144891,136328],{},[20,144893,125114,144894,995,144896,132],{},[277,144895,136334],{"href":136333},[277,144897,125117],{"href":50978},[31,144899,284],{"id":283},[20,144901,2389],{},[36,144903,144905],{"className":38,"code":144904,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"string.upper()\n",[15,144906,144907],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144908,144909,144911,144913,144915],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144910,61180],{"class":51},[45,144912,132],{"class":59},[45,144914,34470],{"class":135},[45,144916,139],{"class":59},[20,144918,11663],{},[258,144920,144921,144923,144926],{},[261,144922,97535],{},[261,144924,144925],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[261,144927,144928],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144930,144931],{},"Example with a variable:",[36,144933,144935],{"className":38,"code":144934,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144936,144937,144949],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144938,144939,144941,144943,144945,144947],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144940,8097],{"class":51},[45,144942,56],{"class":55},[45,144944,76],{"class":63},[45,144946,40],{"class":67},[45,144948,468],{"class":63},[45,144950,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959,144961],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,144952,153],{"class":152},[45,144954,156],{"class":59},[45,144956,68],{"class":135},[45,144958,132],{"class":59},[45,144960,34470],{"class":135},[45,144962,598],{"class":59},[20,144964,144965],{},"Example with a string literal:",[36,144967,144969],{"className":38,"code":144968,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144970,144971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,144972,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981,144983,144985,144987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,144974,153],{"class":152},[45,144976,156],{"class":59},[45,144978,64],{"class":63},[45,144980,4073],{"class":67},[45,144982,64],{"class":63},[45,144984,132],{"class":59},[45,144986,34470],{"class":135},[45,144988,598],{"class":59},[31,144990,640],{"id":639},[20,144992,144993],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[36,144995,144997],{"className":38,"code":144996,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144998,144999,145011,145026,145030,145040],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145000,145001,145003,145005,145007,145009],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145002,6375],{"class":51},[45,145004,56],{"class":55},[45,145006,76],{"class":63},[45,145008,1042],{"class":67},[45,145010,468],{"class":63},[45,145012,145013,145016,145018,145020,145022,145024],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145014,145015],{"class":51},"uppercase_word ",[45,145017,56],{"class":55},[45,145019,38378],{"class":51},[45,145021,132],{"class":59},[45,145023,34470],{"class":135},[45,145025,139],{"class":59},[45,145027,145028],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145029,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145031,145032,145034,145036,145038],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,145033,153],{"class":152},[45,145035,156],{"class":59},[45,145037,38388],{"class":135},[45,145039,161],{"class":59},[45,145041,145042,145044,145046,145049],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,145043,153],{"class":152},[45,145045,156],{"class":59},[45,145047,145048],{"class":135},"uppercase_word",[45,145050,161],{"class":59},[20,145052,182],{},[36,145054,145056],{"className":38,"code":145055,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145057,145058,145062],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145059,145060],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145061,70413],{"class":51},[45,145063,145064],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145065,145066],{"class":34445},"BANANA\n",[20,145068,112476],{},[258,145070,145071,145076],{},[261,145072,145073,145075],{},[15,145074,38388],{}," keeps its original value",[261,145077,145078,145080,145081],{},[15,145079,145048],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145082,128240],{},[31,145084,145086,145088],{"id":145085},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145087,128240],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145090,136994,145091,145093],{},[355,145092,136997],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145095,145096],{},"So this method:",[36,145098,145100],{"className":38,"code":145099,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145101,145102,145114,145124,145128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110,145112],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145105,8097],{"class":51},[45,145107,56],{"class":55},[45,145109,76],{"class":63},[45,145111,17984],{"class":67},[45,145113,468],{"class":63},[45,145115,145116,145118,145120,145122],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145117,68],{"class":51},[45,145119,132],{"class":59},[45,145121,34470],{"class":135},[45,145123,139],{"class":59},[45,145125,145126],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145127,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145129,145130,145132,145134,145136],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,145131,153],{"class":152},[45,145133,156],{"class":59},[45,145135,68],{"class":135},[45,145137,161],{"class":59},[20,145139,182],{},[36,145141,145143],{"className":38,"code":145142,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"alice\n",[15,145144,145145],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145146,145147],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145148,145142],{"class":51},[20,145150,21156,145151,145153,145154,145156],{},[15,145152,128240],{}," was called, ",[15,145155,68],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145158,145159],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[36,145161,145163],{"className":38,"code":145162,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145164,145165,145177,145191,145195],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145166,145167,145169,145171,145173,145175],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145168,8097],{"class":51},[45,145170,56],{"class":55},[45,145172,76],{"class":63},[45,145174,17984],{"class":67},[45,145176,468],{"class":63},[45,145178,145179,145181,145183,145185,145187,145189],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145180,8097],{"class":51},[45,145182,56],{"class":55},[45,145184,35986],{"class":51},[45,145186,132],{"class":59},[45,145188,34470],{"class":135},[45,145190,139],{"class":59},[45,145192,145193],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145194,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145196,145197,145199,145201,145203],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,145198,153],{"class":152},[45,145200,156],{"class":59},[45,145202,68],{"class":135},[45,145204,161],{"class":59},[20,145206,182],{},[36,145208,145210],{"className":38,"code":145209,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ALICE\n",[15,145211,145212],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145213,145214],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145215,145209],{"class":34445},[20,145217,145218],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[31,145220,145222],{"id":145221},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145224,145225,145227],{},[15,145226,128240],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[258,145229,145230,145233,145236,145239],{},[261,145231,145232],{},"Numbers stay the same",[261,145234,145235],{},"Spaces stay the same",[261,145237,145238],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[261,145240,145241],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145243,361],{},[36,145245,145247],{"className":38,"code":145246,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145248,145249,145262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145250,145251,145253,145255,145257,145260],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145252,34680],{"class":51},[45,145254,56],{"class":55},[45,145256,76],{"class":63},[45,145258,145259],{"class":67},"Room 7, table #3!",[45,145261,468],{"class":63},[45,145263,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272,145274],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145265,153],{"class":152},[45,145267,156],{"class":59},[45,145269,34701],{"class":135},[45,145271,132],{"class":59},[45,145273,34470],{"class":135},[45,145275,598],{"class":59},[20,145277,182],{},[36,145279,145281],{"className":38,"code":145280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145282,145283],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145284,145285,145288,145290,145292,145295],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145286,145287],{"class":34445},"ROOM",[45,145289,6214],{"class":96},[45,145291,84],{"class":59},[45,145293,145294],{"class":34445}," TABLE",[45,145296,145297],{"class":1712}," #3!\n",[20,145299,145300],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[31,145302,5185,145304],{"id":145303},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145305,128240],{},[20,145307,145308,145310],{},[15,145309,128240],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145312,48341],{},[258,145314,145315,145318,145321],{},[261,145316,145317],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[261,145319,145320],{},"Format labels or headings",[261,145322,145323],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145325,145326],{},"Example: simple comparison",[36,145328,145330],{"className":38,"code":145329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145331,145332,145344,145348,145370],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145333,145334,145336,145338,145340,145342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145335,136605],{"class":51},[45,145337,56],{"class":55},[45,145339,76],{"class":63},[45,145341,8875],{"class":67},[45,145343,468],{"class":63},[45,145345,145346],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145347,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145349,145350,145352,145354,145356,145358,145360,145362,145364,145366,145368],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145351,7219],{"class":921},[45,145353,136625],{"class":51},[45,145355,132],{"class":59},[45,145357,34470],{"class":135},[45,145359,7587],{"class":59},[45,145361,6629],{"class":55},[45,145363,76],{"class":63},[45,145365,136612],{"class":67},[45,145367,64],{"class":63},[45,145369,6614],{"class":59},[45,145371,145372,145374,145376,145378,145380,145382],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,145373,942],{"class":152},[45,145375,156],{"class":59},[45,145377,64],{"class":63},[45,145379,143809],{"class":67},[45,145381,64],{"class":63},[45,145383,161],{"class":59},[20,145385,182],{},[36,145387,145388],{"className":38,"code":143818,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,145389,145390],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145391,145392],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145393,143818],{"class":51},[20,145395,145396,145397,2419,145399,2423,145401,132],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145398,8875],{},[15,145400,137398],{},[15,145402,136612],{},[31,145404,3061],{"id":3060},[1398,145406,95896],{"id":95895},[20,145408,8335,145409,145412],{},[15,145410,145411],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145414,1412],{},[36,145416,145418],{"className":38,"code":145417,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145419,145420,145432,145442],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145421,145422,145424,145426,145428,145430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145423,34680],{"class":51},[45,145425,56],{"class":55},[45,145427,76],{"class":63},[45,145429,4073],{"class":67},[45,145431,468],{"class":63},[45,145433,145434,145436,145438,145440],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145435,34701],{"class":51},[45,145437,132],{"class":59},[45,145439,34470],{"class":135},[45,145441,139],{"class":59},[45,145443,145444,145446,145448,145450],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145445,153],{"class":152},[45,145447,156],{"class":59},[45,145449,34701],{"class":135},[45,145451,161],{"class":59},[20,145453,182],{},[36,145455,145456],{"className":38,"code":138677,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,145457,145458],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145459,145460],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145461,138677],{"class":51},[20,145463,16848],{},[36,145465,145467],{"className":38,"code":145466,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145468,145469,145481,145495],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145472,34680],{"class":51},[45,145474,56],{"class":55},[45,145476,76],{"class":63},[45,145478,4073],{"class":67},[45,145480,468],{"class":63},[45,145482,145483,145485,145487,145489,145491,145493],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145484,34680],{"class":51},[45,145486,56],{"class":55},[45,145488,42841],{"class":51},[45,145490,132],{"class":59},[45,145492,34470],{"class":135},[45,145494,139],{"class":59},[45,145496,145497,145499,145501,145503],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145498,153],{"class":152},[45,145500,156],{"class":59},[45,145502,34701],{"class":135},[45,145504,161],{"class":59},[20,145506,182],{},[36,145508,145510],{"className":38,"code":145509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HELLO\n",[15,145511,145512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145513,145514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145515,145509],{"class":34445},[1398,145517,19086,145519,137284],{"id":145518},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145520,128240],{},[20,145522,145523,145525],{},[15,145524,128240],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145527,361],{},[36,145529,145531],{"className":38,"code":145530,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145532,145533,145541],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145534,145535,145537,145539],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145536,2447],{"class":51},[45,145538,56],{"class":55},[45,145540,125044],{"class":96},[45,145542,145543,145545,145547,145549,145551,145553],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145544,153],{"class":152},[45,145546,156],{"class":59},[45,145548,2469],{"class":135},[45,145550,132],{"class":59},[45,145552,34470],{"class":135},[45,145554,598],{"class":59},[20,145556,39651,145557,145559,145560,1461],{},[15,145558,2418],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145561,128240],{},[20,145563,145564],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[36,145566,145568],{"className":38,"code":145567,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145569,145570,145578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145571,145572,145574,145576],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145573,2447],{"class":51},[45,145575,56],{"class":55},[45,145577,125044],{"class":96},[45,145579,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588,145590,145592,145594],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145581,153],{"class":152},[45,145583,156],{"class":59},[45,145585,3669],{"class":171},[45,145587,156],{"class":59},[45,145589,2469],{"class":135},[45,145591,8849],{"class":59},[45,145593,34470],{"class":135},[45,145595,598],{"class":59},[20,145597,182],{},[36,145599,145601],{"className":38,"code":145600,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"123\n",[15,145602,145603],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145604,145605],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145606,145600],{"class":96},[1398,145608,37200,145610,145612],{"id":145609},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145611,128240],{}," with title case",[20,145614,145615,145617,145618,145621],{},[15,145616,128240],{}," makes ",[355,145619,145620],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[36,145623,145625],{"className":38,"code":145624,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145626,145627,145639],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145628,145629,145631,145633,145635,145637],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145630,34680],{"class":51},[45,145632,56],{"class":55},[45,145634,76],{"class":63},[45,145636,60412],{"class":67},[45,145638,468],{"class":63},[45,145640,145641,145643,145645,145647,145649,145651],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145642,153],{"class":152},[45,145644,156],{"class":59},[45,145646,34701],{"class":135},[45,145648,132],{"class":59},[45,145650,34470],{"class":135},[45,145652,598],{"class":59},[20,145654,182],{},[36,145656,145658],{"className":38,"code":145657,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145659,145660],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145661,145662,145664],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145663,136386],{"class":34445},[45,145665,145666],{"class":34445}," WORLD\n",[20,145668,145669,145670,145674,145675,145679],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[277,145671,145672],{"href":124089},[15,145673,124092],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[277,145676,145677],{"href":129943},[15,145678,124533],{}," changes parts of a string.",[31,145681,145683],{"id":145682},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145685,145686,145687,73],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145688,128240],{},[258,145690,145691,145698,145705,145712],{},[261,145692,145693,145697],{},[277,145694,145695],{"href":124089},[15,145696,124092],{}," for lowercase text",[261,145699,145700,145704],{},[277,145701,145702],{"href":136932},[15,145703,41652],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[261,145706,145707,145711],{},[277,145708,145709],{"href":129943},[15,145710,124533],{}," for changing parts of a string",[261,145713,145714,329,145716,145718],{},[15,145715,127730],{},[15,145717,126420],{}," for checks",[20,145720,361],{},[36,145722,145724],{"className":38,"code":145723,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145725,145726,145738,145742,145757,145773,145777],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145727,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145729,34680],{"class":51},[45,145731,56],{"class":55},[45,145733,76],{"class":63},[45,145735,143460],{"class":67},[45,145737,468],{"class":63},[45,145739,145740],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145741,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145743,145744,145747,145749,145751,145753,145755],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145745,145746],{"class":51},"cleaned ",[45,145748,56],{"class":55},[45,145750,42841],{"class":51},[45,145752,132],{"class":59},[45,145754,8852],{"class":135},[45,145756,139],{"class":59},[45,145758,145759,145762,145764,145767,145769,145771],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,145760,145761],{"class":51},"loud ",[45,145763,56],{"class":55},[45,145765,145766],{"class":51}," cleaned",[45,145768,132],{"class":59},[45,145770,34470],{"class":135},[45,145772,139],{"class":59},[45,145774,145775],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,145776,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145778,145779,145781,145783,145786],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,145780,153],{"class":152},[45,145782,156],{"class":59},[45,145784,145785],{"class":135},"loud",[45,145787,161],{"class":59},[20,145789,182],{},[36,145791,145792],{"className":38,"code":145657,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,145793,145794],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145795,145796,145798],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145797,136386],{"class":34445},[45,145799,145666],{"class":34445},[31,145801,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,145803,2062,145805,124689],{"id":145804},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145806,128240],{},[20,145808,145809],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1398,145811,2062,145813,137666],{"id":145812},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145814,128240],{},[20,145816,145817,145818,132],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145819,145411],{},[1398,145821,145823],{"id":145822},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145825,145826,145827,145829],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145828,128240],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1398,145831,28485,145833,145835],{"id":145832},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145834,128240],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145837,145838],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145840,361],{},[36,145842,145844],{"className":38,"code":145843,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145845,145846,145858,145871,145875],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145847,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145849,2784],{"class":51},[45,145851,56],{"class":55},[45,145853,76],{"class":63},[45,145855,40],{"class":67},[45,145857,468],{"class":63},[45,145859,145860,145862,145864,145866,145869],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,145861,2812],{"class":51},[45,145863,56],{"class":55},[45,145865,76],{"class":63},[45,145867,145868],{"class":67},"PYTHON",[45,145870,468],{"class":63},[45,145872,145873],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,145874,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,145876,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,145878,153],{"class":152},[45,145880,156],{"class":59},[45,145882,277],{"class":135},[45,145884,132],{"class":59},[45,145886,34470],{"class":135},[45,145888,7587],{"class":59},[45,145890,6629],{"class":55},[45,145892,2789],{"class":135},[45,145894,132],{"class":59},[45,145896,34470],{"class":135},[45,145898,598],{"class":59},[20,145900,182],{},[36,145902,145903],{"className":38,"code":4205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,145904,145905],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,145906,145907],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,145908,4205],{"class":4080},[31,145910,2114],{"id":2113},[258,145912,145913,145917,145923,145929,145935,145939,145943],{},[261,145914,145915],{},[277,145916,125117],{"href":50978},[261,145918,145919],{},[277,145920,126362,145921,994],{"href":124089},[15,145922,124092],{},[261,145924,145925],{},[277,145926,126362,145927,994],{"href":136932},[15,145928,41652],{},[261,145930,145931],{},[277,145932,126362,145933,994],{"href":129943},[15,145934,124533],{},[261,145936,145937],{},[277,145938,90690],{"href":89699},[261,145940,145941],{},[277,145942,124761],{"href":123617},[261,145944,145945],{},[277,145946,137752],{"href":136333},[2154,145948,145949],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":145951},[145952,145953,145955,145956,145957,145959,145960,145962,145969,145970,145979],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":144875,"depth":121,"text":145954},"What upper() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":145085,"depth":121,"text":145958},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145221,"depth":121,"text":145222},{"id":145303,"depth":121,"text":145961},"When to use upper()",{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":145963},[145964,145965,145967],{"id":95895,"depth":142,"text":95896},{"id":145518,"depth":142,"text":145966},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145609,"depth":142,"text":145968},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145682,"depth":121,"text":145683},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":145971},[145972,145974,145976,145977],{"id":145804,"depth":142,"text":145973},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145812,"depth":142,"text":145975},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145822,"depth":142,"text":145823},{"id":145832,"depth":142,"text":145978},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144799,"description":145980},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145987,"title":145988,"body":145989,"description":147866,"extension":2195,"meta":147867,"navigation":145,"path":147868,"seo":147869,"stem":147870,"__hash__":147871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145990,"toc":147816},[145991,145997,146004,146010,146012,146068,146073,146078,146083,146086,146105,146108,146110,146134,146152,146163,146165,146168,146221,146223,146231,146233,146251,146256,146259,146316,146318,146327,146330,146350,146353,146359,146364,146366,146409,146411,146419,146422,146463,146465,146474,146480,146486,146513,146515,146523,146528,146532,146544,146587,146589,146597,146602,146608,146613,146617,146619,146662,146665,146712,146714,146723,146730,146734,146737,146783,146788,146792,146794,146837,146840,146848,146850,146855,146857,146859,146878,146881,146893,146895,146914,146916,146924,146928,146930,146981,146984,147059,147061,147069,147072,147076,147078,147125,147128,147199,147201,147209,147215,147217,147292,147296,147375,147377,147385,147391,147397,147402,147407,147456,147460,147531,147534,147539,147550,147553,147564,147574,147576,147581,147606,147611,147692,147694,147719,147721,147726,147729,147735,147744,147750,147753,147759,147765,147772,147775,147777,147813],[10,145992,3802,145994,3806],{"id":145993},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145995,145996],{},"sum()",[20,145998,9341,145999,146001,146002,350],{},[15,146000,145996],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,146003,60004],{},[20,146005,146006,146007,146009],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,146008,36067],{}," value and a few important limits.",[31,146011,34],{"id":33},[36,146013,146015],{"className":38,"code":146014,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146016,146017,146041,146056],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146018,146019,146021,146023,146025,146027,146029,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146020,3846],{"class":51},[45,146022,56],{"class":55},[45,146024,1427],{"class":59},[45,146026,1430],{"class":96},[45,146028,84],{"class":59},[45,146030,1035],{"class":96},[45,146032,84],{"class":59},[45,146034,1063],{"class":96},[45,146036,84],{"class":59},[45,146038,2687],{"class":96},[45,146040,244],{"class":59},[45,146042,146043,146045,146047,146050,146052,146054],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146044,41181],{"class":51},[45,146046,56],{"class":55},[45,146048,146049],{"class":152}," sum",[45,146051,156],{"class":59},[45,146053,3876],{"class":135},[45,146055,161],{"class":59},[45,146057,146058,146060,146062,146064,146066],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,146059,153],{"class":152},[45,146061,156],{"class":59},[45,146063,41210],{"class":135},[45,146065,3889],{"class":59},[45,146067,26951],{"class":1712},[20,146069,1006,146070,146072],{},[15,146071,145996],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[31,146074,253,146076,256],{"id":146075},"what-sum-does",[15,146077,145996],{},[20,146079,146080,146082],{},[15,146081,145996],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146084,146085],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[258,146087,146088,146091,146094,146099],{},[261,146089,146090],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[261,146092,146093],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[261,146095,146096,146097],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146098,36193],{},[261,146100,146101,146102,146104],{},"Counting ",[15,146103,3831],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146106,146107],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[31,146109,284],{"id":283},[36,146111,146113],{"className":38,"code":146112,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146114,146115],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146116,146117,146120,146122,146124,146126,146128,146130,146132],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146118,146119],{"class":152},"sum",[45,146121,156],{"class":59},[45,146123,3948],{"class":135},[45,146125,84],{"class":59},[45,146127,36046],{"class":9393},[45,146129,56],{"class":55},[45,146131,1117],{"class":96},[45,146133,161],{"class":59},[258,146135,146136,146141,146146],{},[261,146137,146138,146140],{},[15,146139,3948],{}," is the group of values to add",[261,146142,146143,146145],{},[15,146144,36067],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[261,146147,146148,146149],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146150,146151],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146153,146154,146155,146158,146159,132],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146156,146157,3948],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[277,146160,146161,839],{"href":36190},[15,146162,36193],{},[31,146164,640],{"id":639},[20,146166,146167],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[36,146169,146171],{"className":38,"code":146170,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146172,146173,146193,146207,146211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146174,146175,146177,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146176,3846],{"class":51},[45,146178,56],{"class":55},[45,146180,1427],{"class":59},[45,146182,2366],{"class":96},[45,146184,84],{"class":59},[45,146186,6225],{"class":96},[45,146188,84],{"class":59},[45,146190,37933],{"class":96},[45,146192,244],{"class":59},[45,146194,146195,146197,146199,146201,146203,146205],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146196,41181],{"class":51},[45,146198,56],{"class":55},[45,146200,146049],{"class":152},[45,146202,156],{"class":59},[45,146204,3876],{"class":135},[45,146206,161],{"class":59},[45,146208,146209],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,146210,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,146212,146213,146215,146217,146219],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,146214,153],{"class":152},[45,146216,156],{"class":59},[45,146218,41210],{"class":135},[45,146220,161],{"class":59},[20,146222,182],{},[36,146224,146225],{"className":38,"code":69847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,146226,146227],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146228,146229],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146230,69847],{"class":96},[20,146232,816],{},[258,146234,146235,146240,146246],{},[261,146236,146237,146239],{},[15,146238,3876],{}," contains three integers",[261,146241,146242,146245],{},[15,146243,146244],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[261,146247,146248,146249],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146250,41210],{},[31,146252,36608,146254,8650],{"id":146253},"using-the-start-value",[15,146255,36067],{},[20,146257,146258],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[36,146260,146262],{"className":38,"code":146261,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146263,146264,146284,146302,146306],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146265,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146267,3846],{"class":51},[45,146269,56],{"class":55},[45,146271,1427],{"class":59},[45,146273,1430],{"class":96},[45,146275,84],{"class":59},[45,146277,1035],{"class":96},[45,146279,84],{"class":59},[45,146281,1063],{"class":96},[45,146283,244],{"class":59},[45,146285,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296,146298,146300],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146287,41181],{"class":51},[45,146289,56],{"class":55},[45,146291,146049],{"class":152},[45,146293,156],{"class":59},[45,146295,3876],{"class":135},[45,146297,84],{"class":59},[45,146299,6225],{"class":96},[45,146301,161],{"class":59},[45,146303,146304],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,146305,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,146307,146308,146310,146312,146314],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,146309,153],{"class":152},[45,146311,156],{"class":59},[45,146313,41210],{"class":135},[45,146315,161],{"class":59},[20,146317,182],{},[36,146319,146321],{"className":38,"code":146320,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"16\n",[15,146322,146323],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146324,146325],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146326,146320],{"class":96},[20,146328,146329],{},"This works like:",[258,146331,146332,146337,146342,146346],{},[261,146333,146334,146335],{},"Start at ",[15,146336,2560],{},[261,146338,146339,146340],{},"Add ",[15,146341,1430],{},[261,146343,146339,146344],{},[15,146345,1133],{},[261,146347,146339,146348],{},[15,146349,2294],{},[20,146351,146352],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[31,146354,253,146356,146358],{"id":146355},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146357,145996],{}," can work with",[20,146360,146361,146363],{},[15,146362,145996],{}," works with numeric values.",[1398,146365,40423],{"id":40422},[36,146367,146369],{"className":38,"code":146368,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146370,146371,146395],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146372,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146374,124],{"class":51},[45,146376,56],{"class":55},[45,146378,1427],{"class":59},[45,146380,1430],{"class":96},[45,146382,84],{"class":59},[45,146384,1035],{"class":96},[45,146386,84],{"class":59},[45,146388,1063],{"class":96},[45,146390,84],{"class":59},[45,146392,2687],{"class":96},[45,146394,244],{"class":59},[45,146396,146397,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146398,153],{"class":152},[45,146400,156],{"class":59},[45,146402,146119],{"class":152},[45,146404,156],{"class":59},[45,146406,136],{"class":135},[45,146408,179],{"class":59},[20,146410,182],{},[36,146412,146413],{"className":38,"code":2606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,146414,146415],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146416,146417],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146418,2606],{"class":96},[1398,146420,146421],{"id":52049},"Floats",[36,146423,146425],{"className":38,"code":146424,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146426,146427,146449],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146428,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146442,146444,146447],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146430,83055],{"class":51},[45,146432,56],{"class":55},[45,146434,1427],{"class":59},[45,146436,41157],{"class":96},[45,146438,84],{"class":59},[45,146440,146441],{"class":96}," 3.75",[45,146443,84],{"class":59},[45,146445,146446],{"class":96}," 1.25",[45,146448,244],{"class":59},[45,146450,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459,146461],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146452,153],{"class":152},[45,146454,156],{"class":59},[45,146456,146119],{"class":152},[45,146458,156],{"class":59},[45,146460,83091],{"class":135},[45,146462,179],{"class":59},[20,146464,182],{},[36,146466,146468],{"className":38,"code":146467,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"7.5\n",[15,146469,146470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146471,146472],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146473,146467],{"class":96},[20,146475,146476,146477,132],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[277,146478,146479],{"href":2649},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1398,146481,146483,146484],{"id":146482},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146485,36193],{},[36,146487,146489],{"className":38,"code":146488,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146490,146491],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146492,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146494,153],{"class":152},[45,146496,156],{"class":59},[45,146498,146119],{"class":152},[45,146500,156],{"class":59},[45,146502,60004],{"class":152},[45,146504,156],{"class":59},[45,146506,1430],{"class":96},[45,146508,84],{"class":59},[45,146510,37640],{"class":96},[45,146512,3143],{"class":59},[20,146514,182],{},[36,146516,146517],{"className":38,"code":47042,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,146518,146519],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146520,146521],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146522,47042],{"class":96},[20,146524,113566,146525,132],{},[15,146526,146527],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1398,146529,146531],{"id":146530},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146533,146534,146535,146537,146538,329,146540,146537,146542,132],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146536,3831],{}," acts like ",[15,146539,1430],{},[15,146541,3902],{},[15,146543,1117],{},[36,146545,146547],{"className":38,"code":146546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146548,146549,146573],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146550,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146552,51969],{"class":51},[45,146554,56],{"class":55},[45,146556,1427],{"class":59},[45,146558,3831],{"class":4080},[45,146560,84],{"class":59},[45,146562,4133],{"class":4080},[45,146564,84],{"class":59},[45,146566,4142],{"class":4080},[45,146568,84],{"class":59},[45,146570,4142],{"class":4080},[45,146572,244],{"class":59},[45,146574,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146576,153],{"class":152},[45,146578,156],{"class":59},[45,146580,146119],{"class":152},[45,146582,156],{"class":59},[45,146584,52022],{"class":135},[45,146586,179],{"class":59},[20,146588,182],{},[36,146590,146591],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,146592,146593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146594,146595],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146596,46618],{"class":96},[20,146598,146599,146600,132],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146601,3831],{},[31,146603,253,146605,146607],{"id":146604},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146606,145996],{}," does not work with",[20,146609,146610,146612],{},[15,146611,145996],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1398,146614,146616],{"id":146615},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146618,3068],{},[36,146620,146622],{"className":38,"code":146621,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146623,146624,146648],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146625,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146627,4296],{"class":51},[45,146629,56],{"class":55},[45,146631,1427],{"class":59},[45,146633,64],{"class":63},[45,146635,4073],{"class":67},[45,146637,64],{"class":63},[45,146639,84],{"class":59},[45,146641,76],{"class":63},[45,146643,60597],{"class":67},[45,146645,64],{"class":63},[45,146647,244],{"class":59},[45,146649,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146651,153],{"class":152},[45,146653,156],{"class":59},[45,146655,146119],{"class":152},[45,146657,156],{"class":59},[45,146659,4338],{"class":135},[45,146661,179],{"class":59},[20,146663,146664],{},"Use string joining instead:",[36,146666,146668],{"className":38,"code":146667,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146669,146670,146694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146671,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146673,4296],{"class":51},[45,146675,56],{"class":55},[45,146677,1427],{"class":59},[45,146679,64],{"class":63},[45,146681,4073],{"class":67},[45,146683,64],{"class":63},[45,146685,84],{"class":59},[45,146687,76],{"class":63},[45,146689,60597],{"class":67},[45,146691,64],{"class":63},[45,146693,244],{"class":59},[45,146695,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146697,153],{"class":152},[45,146699,156],{"class":59},[45,146701,6493],{"class":63},[45,146703,132],{"class":59},[45,146705,133521],{"class":135},[45,146707,156],{"class":59},[45,146709,4338],{"class":135},[45,146711,179],{"class":59},[20,146713,182],{},[36,146715,146717],{"className":38,"code":146716,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"helloworld\n",[15,146718,146719],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146720,146721],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146722,146716],{"class":51},[20,146724,146725,146726,132],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[277,146727,146728,6004],{"href":42174},[15,146729,47685],{},[1398,146731,146733],{"id":146732},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146735,146736],{},"This also causes an error:",[36,146738,146740],{"className":38,"code":146739,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146741,146742,146769],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146743,146744,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146745,146746],{"class":51},"lists ",[45,146748,56],{"class":55},[45,146750,56298],{"class":59},[45,146752,1430],{"class":96},[45,146754,84],{"class":59},[45,146756,1035],{"class":96},[45,146758,18243],{"class":59},[45,146760,1427],{"class":59},[45,146762,2294],{"class":96},[45,146764,84],{"class":59},[45,146766,2687],{"class":96},[45,146768,53246],{"class":59},[45,146770,146771,146773,146775,146777,146779,146781],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146772,153],{"class":152},[45,146774,156],{"class":59},[45,146776,146119],{"class":152},[45,146778,156],{"class":59},[45,146780,5521],{"class":135},[45,146782,179],{"class":59},[20,146784,146785,146787],{},[15,146786,145996],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1398,146789,146791],{"id":146790},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146793,5693],{},[36,146795,146797],{"className":38,"code":146796,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146798,146799,146823],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146800,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146802,124],{"class":51},[45,146804,56],{"class":55},[45,146806,1427],{"class":59},[45,146808,1430],{"class":96},[45,146810,84],{"class":59},[45,146812,1035],{"class":96},[45,146814,84],{"class":59},[45,146816,76],{"class":63},[45,146818,2294],{"class":67},[45,146820,64],{"class":63},[45,146822,244],{"class":59},[45,146824,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146826,153],{"class":152},[45,146828,156],{"class":59},[45,146830,146119],{"class":152},[45,146832,156],{"class":59},[45,146834,136],{"class":135},[45,146836,179],{"class":59},[20,146838,146839],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146841,146842,146843,146845,146846,132],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146844,65952],{},", convert them first. See ",[277,146847,3194],{"href":3193},[31,146849,41503],{"id":41502},[20,146851,146852,146853,132],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146854,145996],{},[1398,146856,6745],{"id":6744},[20,146858,4749],{},[36,146860,146862],{"className":38,"code":146861,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146863,146864],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146865,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146867,153],{"class":152},[45,146869,156],{"class":59},[45,146871,146119],{"class":152},[45,146873,156],{"class":59},[45,146875,2366],{"class":96},[45,146877,179],{"class":59},[20,146879,146880],{},"Why it fails:",[258,146882,146883,146888],{},[261,146884,146885,146887],{},[15,146886,2366],{}," is a single integer",[261,146889,146890,146892],{},[15,146891,145996],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146894,6775],{},[36,146896,146898],{"className":38,"code":146897,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146899,146900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146901,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146903,153],{"class":152},[45,146905,156],{"class":59},[45,146907,146119],{"class":152},[45,146909,195],{"class":59},[45,146911,2366],{"class":96},[45,146913,3229],{"class":59},[20,146915,182],{},[36,146917,146918],{"className":38,"code":3178,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,146919,146920],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146921,146922],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146923,3178],{"class":96},[1398,146925,146927],{"id":146926},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146929,4749],{},[36,146931,146933],{"className":38,"code":146932,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146934,146935,146967],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146936,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146938,124],{"class":51},[45,146940,56],{"class":55},[45,146942,1427],{"class":59},[45,146944,64],{"class":63},[45,146946,1430],{"class":67},[45,146948,64],{"class":63},[45,146950,84],{"class":59},[45,146952,76],{"class":63},[45,146954,1133],{"class":67},[45,146956,64],{"class":63},[45,146958,84],{"class":59},[45,146960,76],{"class":63},[45,146962,2294],{"class":67},[45,146964,64],{"class":63},[45,146966,244],{"class":59},[45,146968,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,146970,153],{"class":152},[45,146972,156],{"class":59},[45,146974,146119],{"class":152},[45,146976,156],{"class":59},[45,146978,136],{"class":135},[45,146980,179],{"class":59},[20,146982,146983],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[36,146985,146987],{"className":38,"code":146986,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146988,146989,147021,147049],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,146990,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,146992,124],{"class":51},[45,146994,56],{"class":55},[45,146996,1427],{"class":59},[45,146998,64],{"class":63},[45,147000,1430],{"class":67},[45,147002,64],{"class":63},[45,147004,84],{"class":59},[45,147006,76],{"class":63},[45,147008,1133],{"class":67},[45,147010,64],{"class":63},[45,147012,84],{"class":59},[45,147014,76],{"class":63},[45,147016,2294],{"class":67},[45,147018,64],{"class":63},[45,147020,244],{"class":59},[45,147022,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147024,41181],{"class":51},[45,147026,56],{"class":55},[45,147028,146049],{"class":152},[45,147030,156],{"class":59},[45,147032,2418],{"class":171},[45,147034,156],{"class":59},[45,147036,2403],{"class":135},[45,147038,3889],{"class":59},[45,147040,4105],{"class":921},[45,147042,4108],{"class":135},[45,147044,927],{"class":921},[45,147046,4113],{"class":135},[45,147048,161],{"class":59},[45,147050,147051,147053,147055,147057],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,147052,153],{"class":152},[45,147054,156],{"class":59},[45,147056,41210],{"class":135},[45,147058,161],{"class":59},[20,147060,182],{},[36,147062,147063],{"className":38,"code":2885,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,147064,147065],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147066,147067],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147068,2885],{"class":96},[20,147070,147071],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1398,147073,147075],{"id":147074},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147077,4749],{},[36,147079,147081],{"className":38,"code":147080,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147082,147083,147111],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147084,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097,147099,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147086,124],{"class":51},[45,147088,56],{"class":55},[45,147090,1427],{"class":59},[45,147092,1430],{"class":96},[45,147094,84],{"class":59},[45,147096,1035],{"class":96},[45,147098,84],{"class":59},[45,147100,76],{"class":63},[45,147102,2294],{"class":67},[45,147104,64],{"class":63},[45,147106,84],{"class":59},[45,147108,2687],{"class":96},[45,147110,244],{"class":59},[45,147112,147113,147115,147117,147119,147121,147123],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147114,153],{"class":152},[45,147116,156],{"class":59},[45,147118,146119],{"class":152},[45,147120,156],{"class":59},[45,147122,136],{"class":135},[45,147124,179],{"class":59},[20,147126,147127],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[36,147129,147131],{"className":38,"code":147130,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147132,147133,147161,147189],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147134,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147,147149,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147136,124],{"class":51},[45,147138,56],{"class":55},[45,147140,1427],{"class":59},[45,147142,1430],{"class":96},[45,147144,84],{"class":59},[45,147146,1035],{"class":96},[45,147148,84],{"class":59},[45,147150,76],{"class":63},[45,147152,2294],{"class":67},[45,147154,64],{"class":63},[45,147156,84],{"class":59},[45,147158,2687],{"class":96},[45,147160,244],{"class":59},[45,147162,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147164,41181],{"class":51},[45,147166,56],{"class":55},[45,147168,146049],{"class":152},[45,147170,156],{"class":59},[45,147172,2418],{"class":171},[45,147174,156],{"class":59},[45,147176,2403],{"class":135},[45,147178,3889],{"class":59},[45,147180,4105],{"class":921},[45,147182,4108],{"class":135},[45,147184,927],{"class":921},[45,147186,4113],{"class":135},[45,147188,161],{"class":59},[45,147190,147191,147193,147195,147197],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,147192,153],{"class":152},[45,147194,156],{"class":59},[45,147196,41210],{"class":135},[45,147198,161],{"class":59},[20,147200,182],{},[36,147202,147203],{"className":38,"code":2606,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,147204,147205],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147206,147207],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147208,2606],{"class":96},[1398,147210,1797,147212,147214],{"id":147211},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147213,145996],{}," to join text",[20,147216,4749],{},[36,147218,147220],{"className":38,"code":147219,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147221,147222,147278],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147223,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147225,36085],{"class":51},[45,147227,56],{"class":55},[45,147229,1427],{"class":59},[45,147231,64],{"class":63},[45,147233,134120],{"class":67},[45,147235,64],{"class":63},[45,147237,84],{"class":59},[45,147239,76],{"class":63},[45,147241,11946],{"class":67},[45,147243,64],{"class":63},[45,147245,84],{"class":59},[45,147247,76],{"class":63},[45,147249,63293],{"class":67},[45,147251,64],{"class":63},[45,147253,84],{"class":59},[45,147255,76],{"class":63},[45,147257,60444],{"class":67},[45,147259,64],{"class":63},[45,147261,84],{"class":59},[45,147263,76],{"class":63},[45,147265,60479],{"class":67},[45,147267,64],{"class":63},[45,147269,84],{"class":59},[45,147271,76],{"class":63},[45,147273,76037],{"class":67},[45,147275,64],{"class":63},[45,147277,244],{"class":59},[45,147279,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147281,153],{"class":152},[45,147283,156],{"class":59},[45,147285,146119],{"class":152},[45,147287,156],{"class":59},[45,147289,36138],{"class":135},[45,147291,179],{"class":59},[20,147293,1006,147294,60538],{},[15,147295,133444],{},[36,147297,147299],{"className":38,"code":147298,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147300,147301,147357],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147302,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147304,36085],{"class":51},[45,147306,56],{"class":55},[45,147308,1427],{"class":59},[45,147310,64],{"class":63},[45,147312,134120],{"class":67},[45,147314,64],{"class":63},[45,147316,84],{"class":59},[45,147318,76],{"class":63},[45,147320,11946],{"class":67},[45,147322,64],{"class":63},[45,147324,84],{"class":59},[45,147326,76],{"class":63},[45,147328,63293],{"class":67},[45,147330,64],{"class":63},[45,147332,84],{"class":59},[45,147334,76],{"class":63},[45,147336,60444],{"class":67},[45,147338,64],{"class":63},[45,147340,84],{"class":59},[45,147342,76],{"class":63},[45,147344,60479],{"class":67},[45,147346,64],{"class":63},[45,147348,84],{"class":59},[45,147350,76],{"class":63},[45,147352,76037],{"class":67},[45,147354,64],{"class":63},[45,147356,244],{"class":59},[45,147358,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147360,153],{"class":152},[45,147362,156],{"class":59},[45,147364,6493],{"class":63},[45,147366,132],{"class":59},[45,147368,133521],{"class":135},[45,147370,156],{"class":59},[45,147372,36138],{"class":135},[45,147374,179],{"class":59},[20,147376,182],{},[36,147378,147379],{"className":38,"code":134201,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,147380,147381],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147382,147383],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147384,134201],{"class":51},[20,147386,147387,147388,132],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[277,147389,147390],{"href":135282},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[31,147392,147394,147396],{"id":147393},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147395,145996],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147398,147399,147401],{},[15,147400,145996],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1398,147403,1797,147405],{"id":147404},"using-sum",[15,147406,145996],{},[36,147408,147410],{"className":38,"code":147409,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147411,147412,147432,147446],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147413,147414,147416,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147415,3846],{"class":51},[45,147417,56],{"class":55},[45,147419,1427],{"class":59},[45,147421,2734],{"class":96},[45,147423,84],{"class":59},[45,147425,6214],{"class":96},[45,147427,84],{"class":59},[45,147429,54140],{"class":96},[45,147431,244],{"class":59},[45,147433,147434,147436,147438,147440,147442,147444],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147435,41181],{"class":51},[45,147437,56],{"class":55},[45,147439,146049],{"class":152},[45,147441,156],{"class":59},[45,147443,3876],{"class":135},[45,147445,161],{"class":59},[45,147447,147448,147450,147452,147454],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,147449,153],{"class":152},[45,147451,156],{"class":59},[45,147453,41210],{"class":135},[45,147455,161],{"class":59},[1398,147457,147459],{"id":147458},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[36,147461,147463],{"className":38,"code":147462,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147464,147465,147485,147493,147497,147509,147517,147521],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147466,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147468,3846],{"class":51},[45,147470,56],{"class":55},[45,147472,1427],{"class":59},[45,147474,2734],{"class":96},[45,147476,84],{"class":59},[45,147478,6214],{"class":96},[45,147480,84],{"class":59},[45,147482,54140],{"class":96},[45,147484,244],{"class":59},[45,147486,147487,147489,147491],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147488,41181],{"class":51},[45,147490,56],{"class":55},[45,147492,38510],{"class":96},[45,147494,147495],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,147496,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,147498,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,147500,855],{"class":921},[45,147502,6607],{"class":51},[45,147504,927],{"class":921},[45,147506,4488],{"class":51},[45,147508,6614],{"class":59},[45,147510,147511,147513,147515],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,147512,90114],{"class":51},[45,147514,90117],{"class":55},[45,147516,90120],{"class":51},[45,147518,147519],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,147520,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,147522,147523,147525,147527,147529],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,147524,153],{"class":152},[45,147526,156],{"class":59},[45,147528,41210],{"class":135},[45,147530,161],{"class":59},[20,147532,147533],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147535,2718,147536,147538],{},[15,147537,145996],{}," is often better:",[258,147540,147541,147544,147547],{},[261,147542,147543],{},"Shorter code",[261,147545,147546],{},"Easier to read",[261,147548,147549],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147551,147552],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[258,147554,147555,147558,147561],{},[261,147556,147557],{},"You need to skip some values",[261,147559,147560],{},"You need extra checks",[261,147562,147563],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147565,147566,147567,147570,147571,147573],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[277,147568,147569],{"href":40006},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147572,145996],{}," on the filtered result.",[31,147575,3061],{"id":3060},[20,147577,147578,147579,73],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147580,145996],{},[258,147582,147583,147589,147596,147603],{},[261,147584,147585,147586],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147587,147588],{},"sum(5)",[261,147590,147591,147592,147595],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147593,147594],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[261,147597,1797,147598,147600,147601],{},[15,147599,145996],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147602,133444],{},[261,147604,147605],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147607,9093,147608,147610],{},[15,147609,145996],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[36,147612,147614],{"className":38,"code":147613,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147615,147616,147626,147640,147664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147617,147618,147620,147622,147624],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147619,153],{"class":152},[45,147621,156],{"class":59},[45,147623,136],{"class":135},[45,147625,161],{"class":59},[45,147627,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147629,153],{"class":152},[45,147631,156],{"class":59},[45,147633,1478],{"class":171},[45,147635,156],{"class":59},[45,147637,136],{"class":135},[45,147639,179],{"class":59},[45,147641,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,147643,153],{"class":152},[45,147645,195],{"class":59},[45,147647,1478],{"class":171},[45,147649,156],{"class":59},[45,147651,2403],{"class":135},[45,147653,3889],{"class":59},[45,147655,4105],{"class":921},[45,147657,4108],{"class":135},[45,147659,927],{"class":921},[45,147661,4113],{"class":135},[45,147663,218],{"class":59},[45,147665,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684,147686,147688,147690],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,147667,153],{"class":152},[45,147669,156],{"class":59},[45,147671,146119],{"class":152},[45,147673,195],{"class":59},[45,147675,2418],{"class":171},[45,147677,156],{"class":59},[45,147679,2403],{"class":135},[45,147681,3889],{"class":59},[45,147683,4105],{"class":921},[45,147685,4108],{"class":135},[45,147687,927],{"class":921},[45,147689,4113],{"class":135},[45,147691,3229],{"class":59},[20,147693,136015],{},[258,147695,147696,147702,147708,147713],{},[261,147697,147698,147701],{},[15,147699,147700],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[261,147703,147704,147707],{},[15,147705,147706],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[261,147709,147710,136037],{},[15,147711,147712],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[261,147714,147715,147718],{},[15,147716,147717],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[31,147720,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,147722,2049,147724,2052],{"id":147723},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147725,145996],{},[20,147727,147728],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1398,147730,5390,147732,147734],{"id":147731},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147733,145996],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147736,30426,147737,995,147740,147743],{},[15,147738,147739],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147741,147742],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1398,147745,5390,147747,147749],{"id":147746},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147748,145996],{}," work with floats?",[20,147751,147752],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1398,147754,147756,147757,2079],{"id":147755},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147758,145996],{},[20,147760,147761,147762,147764],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147763,36067],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1398,147766,5378,147768,119400,147770,2079],{"id":147767},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147769,145996],{},[15,147771,3235],{},[20,147773,147774],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[31,147776,2114],{"id":2113},[258,147778,147779,147783,147789,147795,147801,147805,147809],{},[261,147780,147781],{},[277,147782,146479],{"href":2649},[261,147784,147785],{},[277,147786,3802,147787,3735],{"href":36190},[15,147788,36193],{},[261,147790,147791],{},[277,147792,3802,147793,3735],{"href":42357},[15,147794,42360],{},[261,147796,147797],{},[277,147798,3802,147799,3735],{"href":42174},[15,147800,47685],{},[261,147802,147803],{},[277,147804,5442],{"href":40006},[261,147806,147807],{},[277,147808,3752],{"href":3193},[261,147810,147811],{},[277,147812,147390],{"href":135282},[2154,147814,147815],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":147817},[147818,147819,147821,147822,147823,147825,147833,147839,147846,147852,147853,147865],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":146075,"depth":121,"text":147820},"What sum() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":146253,"depth":121,"text":147824},"Using the start value",{"id":146355,"depth":121,"text":147826,"children":147827},"What sum() can work with",[147828,147829,147830,147832],{"id":40422,"depth":142,"text":40423},{"id":52049,"depth":142,"text":146421},{"id":146482,"depth":142,"text":147831},"Values from range()",{"id":146530,"depth":142,"text":146531},{"id":146604,"depth":121,"text":147834,"children":147835},"What sum() does not work with",[147836,147837,147838],{"id":146615,"depth":142,"text":146616},{"id":146732,"depth":142,"text":146733},{"id":146790,"depth":142,"text":146791},{"id":41502,"depth":121,"text":41503,"children":147840},[147841,147842,147843,147844],{"id":6744,"depth":142,"text":6745},{"id":146926,"depth":142,"text":146927},{"id":147074,"depth":142,"text":147075},{"id":147211,"depth":142,"text":147845},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147393,"depth":121,"text":147847,"children":147848},"sum() vs manual loop",[147849,147851],{"id":147404,"depth":142,"text":147850},"Using sum()",{"id":147458,"depth":142,"text":147459},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":147854},[147855,147857,147859,147861,147863],{"id":147723,"depth":142,"text":147856},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147731,"depth":142,"text":147858},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147746,"depth":142,"text":147860},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147755,"depth":142,"text":147862},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147767,"depth":142,"text":147864},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145988,"description":147866},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147873,"title":147874,"body":147875,"description":149277,"extension":2195,"meta":149278,"navigation":145,"path":149279,"seo":149280,"stem":149281,"__hash__":149282},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147876,"toc":149245},[147877,147883,147889,147892,147955,147961,147966,147970,147987,148001,148005,148025,148039,148041,148134,148136,148150,148152,148155,148244,148246,148254,148263,148265,148269,148290,148292,148384,148386,148407,148409,148413,148427,148429,148503,148505,148524,148528,148531,148554,148556,148667,148674,148682,148684,148690,148693,148736,148739,148762,148770,148774,148849,148855,148880,148887,148890,148893,148897,148902,148990,148998,149002,149005,149030,149034,149095,149099,149148,149158,149160,149165,149168,149174,149177,149181,149185,149191,149194,149202,149210,149212,149242],[10,147878,147880,147881,18],{"id":147879},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147882,57295],{},[20,147884,147885,147888],{},[15,147886,147887],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147890,147891],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[36,147893,147895],{"className":38,"code":147894,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147896,147897,147925,147943],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,147898,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,147900,3846],{"class":51},[45,147902,56],{"class":55},[45,147904,9453],{"class":59},[45,147906,1430],{"class":96},[45,147908,84],{"class":59},[45,147910,1035],{"class":96},[45,147912,84],{"class":59},[45,147914,1035],{"class":96},[45,147916,84],{"class":59},[45,147918,1063],{"class":96},[45,147920,84],{"class":59},[45,147922,1035],{"class":96},[45,147924,161],{"class":59},[45,147926,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,147928,716],{"class":51},[45,147930,56],{"class":55},[45,147932,4488],{"class":51},[45,147934,132],{"class":59},[45,147936,41258],{"class":135},[45,147938,156],{"class":59},[45,147940,1133],{"class":96},[45,147942,161],{"class":59},[45,147944,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,147946,153],{"class":152},[45,147948,156],{"class":59},[45,147950,740],{"class":135},[45,147952,3889],{"class":59},[45,147954,50773],{"class":1712},[20,147956,1006,147957,147960],{},[15,147958,147959],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[31,147962,253,147964,256],{"id":147963},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147965,147887],{},[20,147967,147968,73],{},[15,147969,147959],{},[258,147971,147972,147978,147981,147984],{},[261,147973,147974,147975,147977],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147976,947],{}," appears in the tuple",[261,147979,147980],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[261,147982,147983],{},"Returns an integer",[261,147985,147986],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147988,147989,147990,147992,147993,995,147997,132],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147991,57295],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[277,147994,147996],{"href":147995},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[277,147998,148000],{"href":147999},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[31,148002,148004],{"id":148003},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[36,148006,148008],{"className":38,"code":148007,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,148009,148010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148011,148012,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148013,148014],{"class":51},"my_tuple",[45,148016,132],{"class":59},[45,148018,41258],{"class":135},[45,148020,156],{"class":59},[45,148022,947],{"class":135},[45,148024,161],{"class":59},[258,148026,148027,148031,148034],{},[261,148028,148029,57460],{},[15,148030,947],{},[261,148032,148033],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[261,148035,148036,148037],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148038,1117],{},[1398,148040,103115],{"id":103114},[36,148042,148044],{"className":38,"code":148043,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148045,148046,148086,148110],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148047,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148049,13274],{"class":51},[45,148051,56],{"class":55},[45,148053,9453],{"class":59},[45,148055,64],{"class":63},[45,148057,13291],{"class":67},[45,148059,64],{"class":63},[45,148061,84],{"class":59},[45,148063,76],{"class":63},[45,148065,703],{"class":67},[45,148067,64],{"class":63},[45,148069,84],{"class":59},[45,148071,76],{"class":63},[45,148073,13291],{"class":67},[45,148075,64],{"class":63},[45,148077,84],{"class":59},[45,148079,76],{"class":63},[45,148081,17637],{"class":67},[45,148083,64],{"class":63},[45,148085,161],{"class":59},[45,148087,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148089,153],{"class":152},[45,148091,156],{"class":59},[45,148093,17684],{"class":135},[45,148095,132],{"class":59},[45,148097,41258],{"class":135},[45,148099,156],{"class":59},[45,148101,64],{"class":63},[45,148103,13291],{"class":67},[45,148105,64],{"class":63},[45,148107,5582],{"class":59},[45,148109,57650],{"class":1712},[45,148111,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128,148130,148132],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148113,153],{"class":152},[45,148115,156],{"class":59},[45,148117,17684],{"class":135},[45,148119,132],{"class":59},[45,148121,41258],{"class":135},[45,148123,156],{"class":59},[45,148125,64],{"class":63},[45,148127,22698],{"class":67},[45,148129,64],{"class":63},[45,148131,5582],{"class":59},[45,148133,51250],{"class":1712},[20,148135,20135],{},[258,148137,148138,148143],{},[261,148139,148140,148142],{},[15,148141,65399],{}," appears 2 times",[261,148144,148145,148147,148148],{},[15,148146,109811],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148149,1117],{},[31,148151,640],{"id":639},[20,148153,148154],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[36,148156,148158],{"className":38,"code":148157,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148159,148160,148208,148212,148234],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148161,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148163,36234],{"class":51},[45,148165,56],{"class":55},[45,148167,9453],{"class":59},[45,148169,64],{"class":63},[45,148171,1028],{"class":67},[45,148173,64],{"class":63},[45,148175,84],{"class":59},[45,148177,76],{"class":63},[45,148179,1042],{"class":67},[45,148181,64],{"class":63},[45,148183,84],{"class":59},[45,148185,76],{"class":63},[45,148187,1028],{"class":67},[45,148189,64],{"class":63},[45,148191,84],{"class":59},[45,148193,76],{"class":63},[45,148195,1056],{"class":67},[45,148197,64],{"class":63},[45,148199,84],{"class":59},[45,148201,76],{"class":63},[45,148203,1028],{"class":67},[45,148205,64],{"class":63},[45,148207,161],{"class":59},[45,148209,148210],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148211,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,148213,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148215,716],{"class":51},[45,148217,56],{"class":55},[45,148219,52855],{"class":51},[45,148221,132],{"class":59},[45,148223,41258],{"class":135},[45,148225,156],{"class":59},[45,148227,64],{"class":63},[45,148229,1028],{"class":67},[45,148231,64],{"class":63},[45,148233,161],{"class":59},[45,148235,148236,148238,148240,148242],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,148237,153],{"class":152},[45,148239,156],{"class":59},[45,148241,740],{"class":135},[45,148243,161],{"class":59},[20,148245,182],{},[36,148247,148248],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,148249,148250],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148251,148252],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148253,46618],{"class":96},[20,148255,148256,148258,148259,2627,148261,132],{},[15,148257,57838],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148260,57295],{},[15,148262,2294],{},[31,148264,38017],{"id":38016},[20,148266,57549,148267,128750],{},[15,148268,57295],{},[258,148270,148271,148276,148281,148284],{},[261,148272,11629,148273,148275],{},[15,148274,1117],{}," when the value does not exist",[261,148277,11629,148278,148280],{},[15,148279,1430],{}," when the value appears once",[261,148282,148283],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[261,148285,148286,148287,148289],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148288,7219],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148291,361],{},[36,148293,148295],{"className":38,"code":148294,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148296,148297,148338,148342,148369],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148298,148299,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148300,148301],{"class":51},"answers ",[45,148303,56],{"class":55},[45,148305,9453],{"class":59},[45,148307,64],{"class":63},[45,148309,8875],{"class":67},[45,148311,64],{"class":63},[45,148313,84],{"class":59},[45,148315,76],{"class":63},[45,148317,8815],{"class":67},[45,148319,64],{"class":63},[45,148321,84],{"class":59},[45,148323,76],{"class":63},[45,148325,8875],{"class":67},[45,148327,64],{"class":63},[45,148329,84],{"class":59},[45,148331,76],{"class":63},[45,148333,8875],{"class":67},[45,148335,64],{"class":63},[45,148337,161],{"class":59},[45,148339,148340],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148341,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,148343,148344,148346,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148345,7219],{"class":921},[45,148347,148348],{"class":51}," answers",[45,148350,132],{"class":59},[45,148352,41258],{"class":135},[45,148354,156],{"class":59},[45,148356,64],{"class":63},[45,148358,8875],{"class":67},[45,148360,64],{"class":63},[45,148362,3889],{"class":59},[45,148364,38393],{"class":55},[45,148366,1049],{"class":96},[45,148368,6614],{"class":59},[45,148370,148371,148373,148375,148377,148380,148382],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,148372,942],{"class":152},[45,148374,156],{"class":59},[45,148376,64],{"class":63},[45,148378,148379],{"class":67},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[45,148381,64],{"class":63},[45,148383,161],{"class":59},[20,148385,182],{},[36,148387,148389],{"className":38,"code":148388,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148390,148391],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148392,148393,148396,148398,148400,148402,148405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148394,148395],{"class":51},"The answer ",[45,148397,198],{"class":63},[45,148399,8875],{"class":67},[45,148401,198],{"class":63},[45,148403,148404],{"class":51}," appears more than once",[45,148406,122394],{"class":59},[31,148408,41044],{"id":41043},[20,148410,35399,148411,104578],{},[15,148412,147887],{},[258,148414,148415,148418,148421,148424],{},[261,148416,148417],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[261,148419,148420],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[261,148422,148423],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[261,148425,148426],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148428,361],{},[36,148430,148432],{"className":38,"code":148431,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148433,148434,148462,148466,148488],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148435,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454,148456,148458,148460],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148437,866],{"class":51},[45,148439,56],{"class":55},[45,148441,9453],{"class":59},[45,148443,2560],{"class":96},[45,148445,84],{"class":59},[45,148447,97],{"class":96},[45,148449,84],{"class":59},[45,148451,6225],{"class":96},[45,148453,84],{"class":59},[45,148455,8016],{"class":96},[45,148457,84],{"class":59},[45,148459,6225],{"class":96},[45,148461,161],{"class":59},[45,148463,148464],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148465,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,148467,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476,148478,148480,148482,148484,148486],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148469,7219],{"class":921},[45,148471,930],{"class":51},[45,148473,132],{"class":59},[45,148475,41258],{"class":135},[45,148477,156],{"class":59},[45,148479,2560],{"class":96},[45,148481,3889],{"class":59},[45,148483,51291],{"class":55},[45,148485,1035],{"class":96},[45,148487,6614],{"class":59},[45,148489,148490,148492,148494,148496,148499,148501],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,148491,942],{"class":152},[45,148493,156],{"class":59},[45,148495,64],{"class":63},[45,148497,148498],{"class":67},"The score 10 is repeated.",[45,148500,64],{"class":63},[45,148502,161],{"class":59},[20,148504,182],{},[36,148506,148508],{"className":38,"code":148507,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148509,148510],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148511,148512,148515,148517,148519,148522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148513,148514],{"class":51},"The score ",[45,148516,2560],{"class":96},[45,148518,8315],{"class":55},[45,148520,148521],{"class":51}," repeated",[45,148523,122394],{"class":59},[31,148525,148527],{"id":148526},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148529,148530],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[258,148532,148533,148539,148544,148547],{},[261,148534,148535,148536,148538],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148537,57295],{}," still works because it only reads data",[261,148540,148541,148543],{},[15,148542,57295],{}," counts exact matches",[261,148545,148546],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[261,148548,148549,329,148551,148553],{},[15,148550,1430],{},[15,148552,42157],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148555,361],{},[36,148557,148559],{"className":38,"code":148558,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148560,148561,148595,148599,148619,148643],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148562,148563,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148576,148578,148580,148583,148585,148587,148589,148591,148593],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148564,124],{"class":51},[45,148566,56],{"class":55},[45,148568,9453],{"class":59},[45,148570,1430],{"class":96},[45,148572,84],{"class":59},[45,148574,148575],{"class":96}," 1.0",[45,148577,84],{"class":59},[45,148579,76],{"class":63},[45,148581,148582],{"class":67},"Cat",[45,148584,64],{"class":63},[45,148586,84],{"class":59},[45,148588,76],{"class":63},[45,148590,37043],{"class":67},[45,148592,64],{"class":63},[45,148594,161],{"class":59},[45,148596,148597],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148598,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,148600,148601,148603,148605,148607,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148602,153],{"class":152},[45,148604,156],{"class":59},[45,148606,136],{"class":135},[45,148608,132],{"class":59},[45,148610,41258],{"class":135},[45,148612,156],{"class":59},[45,148614,1430],{"class":96},[45,148616,5582],{"class":59},[45,148618,51097],{"class":1712},[45,148620,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,148622,153],{"class":152},[45,148624,156],{"class":59},[45,148626,136],{"class":135},[45,148628,132],{"class":59},[45,148630,41258],{"class":135},[45,148632,156],{"class":59},[45,148634,64],{"class":63},[45,148636,148582],{"class":67},[45,148638,64],{"class":63},[45,148640,5582],{"class":59},[45,148642,27936],{"class":1712},[45,148644,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,148646,153],{"class":152},[45,148648,156],{"class":59},[45,148650,136],{"class":135},[45,148652,132],{"class":59},[45,148654,41258],{"class":135},[45,148656,156],{"class":59},[45,148658,64],{"class":63},[45,148660,37043],{"class":67},[45,148662,64],{"class":63},[45,148664,5582],{"class":59},[45,148666,27936],{"class":1712},[20,148668,5378,148669,5381,148672,2079],{},[15,148670,148671],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148673,1133],{},[20,148675,9003,148676,5007,148679,148681],{},[15,148677,148678],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148680,3831],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[31,148683,3061],{"id":3060},[1398,148685,1797,148687,148689],{"id":148686},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148688,41258],{}," without parentheses",[20,148691,148692],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[36,148694,148696],{"className":38,"code":148695,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148697,148698,148722],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148699,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148701,3846],{"class":51},[45,148703,56],{"class":55},[45,148705,9453],{"class":59},[45,148707,1430],{"class":96},[45,148709,84],{"class":59},[45,148711,1035],{"class":96},[45,148713,84],{"class":59},[45,148715,1035],{"class":96},[45,148717,84],{"class":59},[45,148719,1063],{"class":96},[45,148721,161],{"class":59},[45,148723,148724,148726,148728,148730,148732,148734],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148725,153],{"class":152},[45,148727,156],{"class":59},[45,148729,3876],{"class":135},[45,148731,132],{"class":59},[45,148733,41258],{"class":1863},[45,148735,161],{"class":59},[20,148737,148738],{},"To call the method correctly:",[36,148740,148742],{"className":38,"code":148741,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148743,148744],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148745,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148747,153],{"class":152},[45,148749,156],{"class":59},[45,148751,3876],{"class":135},[45,148753,132],{"class":59},[45,148755,41258],{"class":135},[45,148757,156],{"class":59},[45,148759,1133],{"class":96},[45,148761,179],{"class":59},[1398,148763,8670,148764,8673,148766,995,148768],{"id":58598},[15,148765,57295],{},[15,148767,3831],{},[15,148769,3902],{},[20,148771,148772,58609],{},[15,148773,57295],{},[36,148775,148777],{"className":38,"code":148776,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148778,148779,148811,148833,148837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148782,36085],{"class":51},[45,148784,56],{"class":55},[45,148786,9453],{"class":59},[45,148788,64],{"class":63},[45,148790,277],{"class":67},[45,148792,64],{"class":63},[45,148794,84],{"class":59},[45,148796,76],{"class":63},[45,148798,1930],{"class":67},[45,148800,64],{"class":63},[45,148802,84],{"class":59},[45,148804,76],{"class":63},[45,148806,277],{"class":67},[45,148808,64],{"class":63},[45,148810,161],{"class":59},[45,148812,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829,148831],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148814,716],{"class":51},[45,148816,56],{"class":55},[45,148818,70103],{"class":51},[45,148820,132],{"class":59},[45,148822,41258],{"class":135},[45,148824,156],{"class":59},[45,148826,64],{"class":63},[45,148828,277],{"class":67},[45,148830,64],{"class":63},[45,148832,161],{"class":59},[45,148834,148835],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148836,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,148838,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,148840,153],{"class":152},[45,148842,156],{"class":59},[45,148844,740],{"class":135},[45,148846,3889],{"class":59},[45,148848,51418],{"class":1712},[20,148850,148851,148852,148854],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148853,927],{}," is often simpler:",[36,148856,148858],{"className":38,"code":148857,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148859,148860],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148861,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148878],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148863,153],{"class":152},[45,148865,156],{"class":59},[45,148867,64],{"class":63},[45,148869,277],{"class":67},[45,148871,64],{"class":63},[45,148873,21352],{"class":921},[45,148875,70103],{"class":135},[45,148877,3889],{"class":59},[45,148879,3892],{"class":1712},[1398,148881,37200,148883,8922,148885],{"id":148882},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148884,147887],{},[15,148886,57300],{},[20,148888,148889],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148891,148892],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1398,148894,148896],{"id":148895},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148898,148899,148901],{},[15,148900,57295],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[36,148903,148905],{"className":38,"code":148904,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148906,148907,148940,148966],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,148908,148909,148911,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,148910,4296],{"class":51},[45,148912,56],{"class":55},[45,148914,9453],{"class":59},[45,148916,64],{"class":63},[45,148918,1028],{"class":67},[45,148920,64],{"class":63},[45,148922,84],{"class":59},[45,148924,76],{"class":63},[45,148926,148927],{"class":67},"pineapple",[45,148929,64],{"class":63},[45,148931,84],{"class":59},[45,148933,76],{"class":63},[45,148935,1028],{"class":67},[45,148937,64],{"class":63},[45,148939,161],{"class":59},[45,148941,148942,148944,148946,148948,148950,148952,148954,148956,148959,148961,148963],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,148943,153],{"class":152},[45,148945,156],{"class":59},[45,148947,4338],{"class":135},[45,148949,132],{"class":59},[45,148951,41258],{"class":135},[45,148953,156],{"class":59},[45,148955,64],{"class":63},[45,148957,148958],{"class":67},"app",[45,148960,64],{"class":63},[45,148962,5582],{"class":59},[45,148964,148965],{"class":1712},"    # 0\n",[45,148967,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,148969,153],{"class":152},[45,148971,156],{"class":59},[45,148973,4338],{"class":135},[45,148975,132],{"class":59},[45,148977,41258],{"class":135},[45,148979,156],{"class":59},[45,148981,64],{"class":63},[45,148983,1028],{"class":67},[45,148985,64],{"class":63},[45,148987,5582],{"class":59},[45,148989,51418],{"class":1712},[20,148991,148992,148995,148996,132],{},[15,148993,148994],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148997,1117],{},[31,148999,149001],{"id":149000},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,149003,149004],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[258,149006,149007,149012,149021,149027],{},[261,149008,1006,149009,149011],{},[15,149010,927],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[261,149013,1006,149014,149020],{},[277,149015,149017,149018],{"href":149016},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149019,58973],{}," to find the position of a value",[261,149022,1006,149023,149026],{},[15,149024,149025],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[261,149028,149029],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149031,46041,149032,73],{},[15,149033,927],{},[36,149035,149037],{"className":38,"code":149036,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149038,149039,149059,149063,149079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149040,149041,149043,149045,149047,149049,149051,149053,149055,149057],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149042,3846],{"class":51},[45,149044,56],{"class":55},[45,149046,9453],{"class":59},[45,149048,2734],{"class":96},[45,149050,84],{"class":59},[45,149052,6214],{"class":96},[45,149054,84],{"class":59},[45,149056,54140],{"class":96},[45,149058,161],{"class":59},[45,149060,149061],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149062,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,149064,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,149066,153],{"class":152},[45,149068,156],{"class":59},[45,149070,2257],{"class":96},[45,149072,21352],{"class":921},[45,149074,4488],{"class":135},[45,149076,3889],{"class":59},[45,149078,43855],{"class":1712},[45,149080,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,149082,153],{"class":152},[45,149084,156],{"class":59},[45,149086,2366],{"class":96},[45,149088,21352],{"class":921},[45,149090,4488],{"class":135},[45,149092,3889],{"class":59},[45,149094,43872],{"class":1712},[20,149096,46041,149097,73],{},[15,149098,58973],{},[36,149100,149102],{"className":38,"code":149101,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149103,149104,149128],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149105,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114,149116,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149107,3846],{"class":51},[45,149109,56],{"class":55},[45,149111,9453],{"class":59},[45,149113,2734],{"class":96},[45,149115,84],{"class":59},[45,149117,6214],{"class":96},[45,149119,84],{"class":59},[45,149121,54140],{"class":96},[45,149123,84],{"class":59},[45,149125,6214],{"class":96},[45,149127,161],{"class":59},[45,149129,149130,149132,149134,149136,149138,149140,149142,149144,149146],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149131,153],{"class":152},[45,149133,156],{"class":59},[45,149135,3876],{"class":135},[45,149137,132],{"class":59},[45,149139,35840],{"class":135},[45,149141,156],{"class":59},[45,149143,2257],{"class":96},[45,149145,5582],{"class":59},[45,149147,27936],{"class":1712},[20,149149,149150,149152,149153,149155,149157],{},[15,149151,57295],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10058,149154],{},[15,149156,58973],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[31,149159,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,149161,2049,149163,2052],{"id":149162},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149164,147887],{},[20,149166,149167],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1398,149169,2062,149171,149173],{"id":149170},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149172,147887],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149175,149176],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1398,149178,149180],{"id":149179},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149182,12112,149183,132],{},[15,149184,1117],{},[1398,149186,5390,149188,149190],{"id":149187},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149189,147887],{}," count strings?",[20,149192,149193],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1398,149195,5400,149197,329,149199,2079],{"id":149196},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149198,147887],{},[15,149200,149201],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149203,149204,149206,149207,149209],{},[15,149205,57295],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149208,58973],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[31,149211,2114],{"id":2113},[258,149213,149214,149218,149223,149230,149238],{},[261,149215,149216],{},[277,149217,147996],{"href":147995},[261,149219,149220],{},[277,149221,149222],{"href":147999},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[261,149224,149225],{},[277,149226,149227,149228,994],{"href":149016},"Python tuple ",[15,149229,58973],{},[261,149231,149232],{},[277,149233,149235,149236],{"href":149234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149237,42360],{},[261,149239,149240],{},[277,149241,58961],{"href":58960},[2154,149243,149244],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":149246},[149247,149249,149252,149253,149254,149255,149256,149264,149265,149276],{"id":147963,"depth":121,"text":149248},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":148003,"depth":121,"text":148004,"children":149250},[149251],{"id":103114,"depth":142,"text":103115},{"id":639,"depth":121,"text":640},{"id":38016,"depth":121,"text":38017},{"id":41043,"depth":121,"text":41044},{"id":148526,"depth":121,"text":148527},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":149257},[149258,149260,149261,149263],{"id":148686,"depth":142,"text":149259},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58598,"depth":142,"text":59014},{"id":148882,"depth":142,"text":149262},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148895,"depth":142,"text":148896},{"id":149000,"depth":121,"text":149001},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":149266},[149267,149269,149271,149272,149274],{"id":149162,"depth":142,"text":149268},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149170,"depth":142,"text":149270},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149179,"depth":142,"text":149180},{"id":149187,"depth":142,"text":149273},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149196,"depth":142,"text":149275},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147874,"description":149277},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149284,"title":149285,"body":149286,"description":150973,"extension":2195,"meta":150974,"navigation":145,"path":150975,"seo":150976,"stem":150977,"__hash__":150978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149287,"toc":150936},[149288,149291,149294,149303,149305,149435,149437,149498,149504,149506,149526,149530,149533,149536,149571,149573,149594,149597,149636,149638,149663,149670,149674,149677,149714,149716,149739,149742,149745,149757,149763,149767,149770,149776,149817,149819,149842,149845,149886,149888,149915,149917,149934,149936,149953,149956,149960,149963,149965,149999,150001,150048,150052,150091,150095,150098,150155,150157,150198,150204,150210,150215,150217,150254,150256,150276,150278,150311,150313,150346,150349,150353,150386,150388,150413,150416,150418,150432,150439,150441,150444,150448,150451,150486,150489,150524,150528,150531,150570,150573,150612,150616,150618,150648,150651,150658,150660,150692,150695,150727,150730,150761,150763,150780,150784,150787,150851,150853,150857,150864,150868,150871,150875,150878,150882,150885,150890,150896,150898,150933],[10,149289,149285],{"id":149290},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149292,149293],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149295,149296,149297,995,149301,132],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[277,149298,149300],{"href":149299},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[277,149302,147996],{"href":147995},[31,149304,34],{"id":33},[36,149306,149308],{"className":38,"code":149307,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149309,149310,149330,149339,149353,149389,149393,149403,149413,149424],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149311,149312,149314,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149313,3846],{"class":51},[45,149315,56],{"class":55},[45,149317,9453],{"class":59},[45,149319,1430],{"class":96},[45,149321,84],{"class":59},[45,149323,1035],{"class":96},[45,149325,84],{"class":59},[45,149327,1063],{"class":96},[45,149329,161],{"class":59},[45,149331,149332,149334,149336],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149333,124860],{"class":51},[45,149335,56],{"class":55},[45,149337,149338],{"class":59}," ()\n",[45,149340,149341,149344,149346,149348,149350],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,149342,149343],{"class":51},"one_item ",[45,149345,56],{"class":55},[45,149347,9453],{"class":59},[45,149349,2366],{"class":96},[45,149351,149352],{"class":59},",)\n",[45,149354,149355,149358,149360,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379,149381,149383,149385,149387],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,149356,149357],{"class":51},"from_list ",[45,149359,56],{"class":55},[45,149361,149362],{"class":171}," tuple",[45,149364,195],{"class":59},[45,149366,64],{"class":63},[45,149368,277],{"class":67},[45,149370,64],{"class":63},[45,149372,84],{"class":59},[45,149374,76],{"class":63},[45,149376,1930],{"class":67},[45,149378,64],{"class":63},[45,149380,84],{"class":59},[45,149382,76],{"class":63},[45,149384,9951],{"class":67},[45,149386,64],{"class":63},[45,149388,218],{"class":59},[45,149390,149391],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,149392,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,149394,149395,149397,149399,149401],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,149396,153],{"class":152},[45,149398,156],{"class":59},[45,149400,3876],{"class":135},[45,149402,161],{"class":59},[45,149404,149405,149407,149409,149411],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,149406,153],{"class":152},[45,149408,156],{"class":59},[45,149410,124911],{"class":135},[45,149412,161],{"class":59},[45,149414,149415,149417,149419,149422],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,149416,153],{"class":152},[45,149418,156],{"class":59},[45,149420,149421],{"class":135},"one_item",[45,149423,161],{"class":59},[45,149425,149426,149428,149430,149433],{"class":47,"line":6652},[45,149427,153],{"class":152},[45,149429,156],{"class":59},[45,149431,149432],{"class":135},"from_list",[45,149434,161],{"class":59},[20,149436,182],{},[36,149438,149440],{"className":38,"code":149439,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149441,149442,149458,149462,149470],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149443,149444,149446,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149445,156],{"class":59},[45,149447,1430],{"class":96},[45,149449,84],{"class":59},[45,149451,1035],{"class":96},[45,149453,84],{"class":59},[45,149455,1063],{"class":96},[45,149457,161],{"class":59},[45,149459,149460],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149461,139],{"class":59},[45,149463,149464,149466,149468],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,149465,156],{"class":59},[45,149467,2366],{"class":96},[45,149469,149352],{"class":59},[45,149471,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,149473,156],{"class":59},[45,149475,198],{"class":63},[45,149477,277],{"class":67},[45,149479,198],{"class":63},[45,149481,84],{"class":59},[45,149483,211],{"class":63},[45,149485,1930],{"class":67},[45,149487,198],{"class":63},[45,149489,84],{"class":59},[45,149491,211],{"class":63},[45,149493,9951],{"class":67},[45,149495,198],{"class":63},[45,149497,161],{"class":59},[20,149499,149500,149501,132],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149502,149503],{},"(5,)",[31,149505,15356],{"id":15355},[258,149507,149508,149511,149514,149517,149520,149523],{},[261,149509,149510],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[261,149512,149513],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[261,149515,149516],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[261,149518,149519],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[261,149521,149522],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[261,149524,149525],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[31,149527,149529],{"id":149528},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149531,149532],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149534,149535],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[36,149537,149539],{"className":38,"code":149538,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149540,149541,149561],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149542,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149544,3846],{"class":51},[45,149546,56],{"class":55},[45,149548,9453],{"class":59},[45,149550,1430],{"class":96},[45,149552,84],{"class":59},[45,149554,1035],{"class":96},[45,149556,84],{"class":59},[45,149558,1063],{"class":96},[45,149560,161],{"class":59},[45,149562,149563,149565,149567,149569],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149564,153],{"class":152},[45,149566,156],{"class":59},[45,149568,3876],{"class":135},[45,149570,161],{"class":59},[20,149572,182],{},[36,149574,149576],{"className":38,"code":149575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149577,149578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149579,149580,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149581,156],{"class":59},[45,149583,1430],{"class":96},[45,149585,84],{"class":59},[45,149587,1035],{"class":96},[45,149589,84],{"class":59},[45,149591,1063],{"class":96},[45,149593,161],{"class":59},[20,149595,149596],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[36,149598,149600],{"className":38,"code":149599,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149601,149602,149626],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149603,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149605,1909],{"class":51},[45,149607,56],{"class":55},[45,149609,9453],{"class":59},[45,149611,1430],{"class":96},[45,149613,84],{"class":59},[45,149615,76],{"class":63},[45,149617,1028],{"class":67},[45,149619,64],{"class":63},[45,149621,84],{"class":59},[45,149623,4142],{"class":4080},[45,149625,161],{"class":59},[45,149627,149628,149630,149632,149634],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149629,153],{"class":152},[45,149631,156],{"class":59},[45,149633,1947],{"class":135},[45,149635,161],{"class":59},[20,149637,182],{},[36,149639,149641],{"className":38,"code":149640,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149642,149643],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149644,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149646,156],{"class":59},[45,149648,1430],{"class":96},[45,149650,84],{"class":59},[45,149652,211],{"class":63},[45,149654,1028],{"class":67},[45,149656,198],{"class":63},[45,149658,84],{"class":59},[45,149660,4142],{"class":4080},[45,149662,161],{"class":59},[20,149664,149665,149666,132],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[277,149667,149669],{"href":149668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[31,149671,149673],{"id":149672},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149675,149676],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[36,149678,149680],{"className":38,"code":149679,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149681,149682,149690,149700],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149683,149684,149686,149688],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149685,124860],{"class":51},[45,149687,56],{"class":55},[45,149689,149338],{"class":59},[45,149691,149692,149694,149696,149698],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149693,153],{"class":152},[45,149695,156],{"class":59},[45,149697,124911],{"class":135},[45,149699,161],{"class":59},[45,149701,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,149703,153],{"class":152},[45,149705,156],{"class":59},[45,149707,1478],{"class":171},[45,149709,156],{"class":59},[45,149711,124911],{"class":135},[45,149713,179],{"class":59},[20,149715,182],{},[36,149717,149719],{"className":38,"code":149718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149720,149721,149725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149722,149723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149724,139],{"class":59},[45,149726,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149728,1594],{"class":55},[45,149730,1598],{"class":1597},[45,149732,211],{"class":63},[45,149734,48955],{"class":67},[45,149736,198],{"class":63},[45,149738,1607],{"class":55},[20,149740,149741],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149743,149744],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[258,149746,149747,149752],{},[261,149748,149749,149750],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149751,7587],{},[261,149753,149754,149755],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149756,4015],{},[20,149758,149759,149760,132],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[277,149761,149762],{"href":57158},"Python list: creating a list",[31,149764,149766],{"id":149765},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149768,149769],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149771,149772,149773,149775],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[355,149774,4854],{}," automatically a tuple:",[36,149777,149779],{"className":38,"code":149778,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149780,149781,149793,149803],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149784,2677],{"class":51},[45,149786,56],{"class":55},[45,149788,9453],{"class":59},[45,149790,2366],{"class":96},[45,149792,161],{"class":59},[45,149794,149795,149797,149799,149801],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149796,153],{"class":152},[45,149798,156],{"class":59},[45,149800,947],{"class":135},[45,149802,161],{"class":59},[45,149804,149805,149807,149809,149811,149813,149815],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,149806,153],{"class":152},[45,149808,156],{"class":59},[45,149810,1478],{"class":171},[45,149812,156],{"class":59},[45,149814,947],{"class":135},[45,149816,179],{"class":59},[20,149818,182],{},[36,149820,149822],{"className":38,"code":149821,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149823,149824,149828],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149825,149826],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149827,3178],{"class":96},[45,149829,149830,149832,149834,149836,149838,149840],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149831,1594],{"class":55},[45,149833,1598],{"class":1597},[45,149835,211],{"class":63},[45,149837,2418],{"class":67},[45,149839,198],{"class":63},[45,149841,1607],{"class":55},[20,149843,149844],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[36,149846,149848],{"className":38,"code":149847,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149849,149850,149862,149872],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858,149860],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149853,149343],{"class":51},[45,149855,56],{"class":55},[45,149857,9453],{"class":59},[45,149859,2366],{"class":96},[45,149861,149352],{"class":59},[45,149863,149864,149866,149868,149870],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149865,153],{"class":152},[45,149867,156],{"class":59},[45,149869,149421],{"class":135},[45,149871,161],{"class":59},[45,149873,149874,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,149875,153],{"class":152},[45,149877,156],{"class":59},[45,149879,1478],{"class":171},[45,149881,156],{"class":59},[45,149883,149421],{"class":135},[45,149885,179],{"class":59},[20,149887,182],{},[36,149889,149891],{"className":38,"code":149890,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149892,149893,149901],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149894,149895,149897,149899],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149896,156],{"class":59},[45,149898,2366],{"class":96},[45,149900,149352],{"class":59},[45,149902,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149904,1594],{"class":55},[45,149906,1598],{"class":1597},[45,149908,211],{"class":63},[45,149910,48955],{"class":67},[45,149912,198],{"class":63},[45,149914,1607],{"class":55},[20,149916,16848],{},[36,149918,149920],{"className":38,"code":149919,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149921,149922],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149923,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149925,156],{"class":59},[45,149927,64],{"class":63},[45,149929,1028],{"class":67},[45,149931,64],{"class":63},[45,149933,149352],{"class":59},[20,149935,1412],{},[36,149937,149939],{"className":38,"code":149938,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149940,149941],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149944,156],{"class":59},[45,149946,64],{"class":63},[45,149948,1028],{"class":67},[45,149950,64],{"class":63},[45,149952,161],{"class":59},[20,149954,149955],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[31,149957,149959],{"id":149958},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149961,149962],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1398,149964,56466],{"id":3876},[36,149966,149967],{"className":38,"code":149538,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,149968,149969,149989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,149970,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,149972,3846],{"class":51},[45,149974,56],{"class":55},[45,149976,9453],{"class":59},[45,149978,1430],{"class":96},[45,149980,84],{"class":59},[45,149982,1035],{"class":96},[45,149984,84],{"class":59},[45,149986,1063],{"class":96},[45,149988,161],{"class":59},[45,149990,149991,149993,149995,149997],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,149992,153],{"class":152},[45,149994,156],{"class":59},[45,149996,3876],{"class":135},[45,149998,161],{"class":59},[1398,150000,56469],{"id":5530},[36,150002,150004],{"className":38,"code":150003,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,150005,150006,150038],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150007,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150009,13274],{"class":51},[45,150011,56],{"class":55},[45,150013,9453],{"class":59},[45,150015,64],{"class":63},[45,150017,13291],{"class":67},[45,150019,64],{"class":63},[45,150021,84],{"class":59},[45,150023,76],{"class":63},[45,150025,17637],{"class":67},[45,150027,64],{"class":63},[45,150029,84],{"class":59},[45,150031,76],{"class":63},[45,150033,703],{"class":67},[45,150035,64],{"class":63},[45,150037,161],{"class":59},[45,150039,150040,150042,150044,150046],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150041,153],{"class":152},[45,150043,156],{"class":59},[45,150045,17684],{"class":135},[45,150047,161],{"class":59},[1398,150049,150051],{"id":150050},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[36,150053,150055],{"className":38,"code":150054,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150056,150057,150081],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150058,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150060,59478],{"class":51},[45,150062,56],{"class":55},[45,150064,9453],{"class":59},[45,150066,1430],{"class":96},[45,150068,84],{"class":59},[45,150070,76],{"class":63},[45,150072,1028],{"class":67},[45,150074,64],{"class":63},[45,150076,84],{"class":59},[45,150078,4142],{"class":4080},[45,150080,161],{"class":59},[45,150082,150083,150085,150087,150089],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150084,153],{"class":152},[45,150086,156],{"class":59},[45,150088,59531],{"class":135},[45,150090,161],{"class":59},[1398,150092,150094],{"id":150093},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150096,150097],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[36,150099,150101],{"className":38,"code":150100,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150102,150103,150144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150104,150105,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150106,150107],{"class":51},"nested ",[45,150109,56],{"class":55},[45,150111,9453],{"class":59},[45,150113,1430],{"class":96},[45,150115,84],{"class":59},[45,150117,9453],{"class":59},[45,150119,64],{"class":63},[45,150121,277],{"class":67},[45,150123,64],{"class":63},[45,150125,84],{"class":59},[45,150127,76],{"class":63},[45,150129,1930],{"class":67},[45,150131,64],{"class":63},[45,150133,9450],{"class":59},[45,150135,1427],{"class":59},[45,150137,2560],{"class":96},[45,150139,84],{"class":59},[45,150141,97],{"class":96},[45,150143,218],{"class":59},[45,150145,150146,150148,150150,150153],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150147,153],{"class":152},[45,150149,156],{"class":59},[45,150151,150152],{"class":135},"nested",[45,150154,161],{"class":59},[20,150156,182],{},[36,150158,150160],{"className":38,"code":150159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150161,150162],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150163,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184,150186,150188,150190,150192,150194,150196],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150165,156],{"class":59},[45,150167,1430],{"class":96},[45,150169,84],{"class":59},[45,150171,9453],{"class":59},[45,150173,198],{"class":63},[45,150175,277],{"class":67},[45,150177,198],{"class":63},[45,150179,84],{"class":59},[45,150181,211],{"class":63},[45,150183,1930],{"class":67},[45,150185,198],{"class":63},[45,150187,9450],{"class":59},[45,150189,1427],{"class":59},[45,150191,2560],{"class":96},[45,150193,84],{"class":59},[45,150195,97],{"class":96},[45,150197,218],{"class":59},[31,150199,150201,150202],{"id":150200},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150203,38043],{},[20,150205,150206,150207,150209],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150208,38043],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150211,150212,150213,132],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[277,150214,63224],{"href":63223},[1398,150216,105255],{"id":105254},[36,150218,150220],{"className":38,"code":150219,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150221,150222,150244],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150223,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150225,3846],{"class":51},[45,150227,56],{"class":55},[45,150229,149362],{"class":171},[45,150231,195],{"class":59},[45,150233,1430],{"class":96},[45,150235,84],{"class":59},[45,150237,1035],{"class":96},[45,150239,84],{"class":59},[45,150241,1063],{"class":96},[45,150243,218],{"class":59},[45,150245,150246,150248,150250,150252],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150247,153],{"class":152},[45,150249,156],{"class":59},[45,150251,3876],{"class":135},[45,150253,161],{"class":59},[20,150255,182],{},[36,150257,150258],{"className":38,"code":149575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,150259,150260],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150261,150262,150264,150266,150268,150270,150272,150274],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150263,156],{"class":59},[45,150265,1430],{"class":96},[45,150267,84],{"class":59},[45,150269,1035],{"class":96},[45,150271,84],{"class":59},[45,150273,1063],{"class":96},[45,150275,161],{"class":59},[1398,150277,105441],{"id":105440},[36,150279,150281],{"className":38,"code":150280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150282,150283,150301],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150284,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150286,36085],{"class":51},[45,150288,56],{"class":55},[45,150290,149362],{"class":171},[45,150292,156],{"class":59},[45,150294,64],{"class":63},[45,150296,41559],{"class":67},[45,150298,64],{"class":63},[45,150300,161],{"class":59},[45,150302,150303,150305,150307,150309],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150304,153],{"class":152},[45,150306,156],{"class":59},[45,150308,36138],{"class":135},[45,150310,161],{"class":59},[20,150312,182],{},[36,150314,150316],{"className":38,"code":150315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150317,150318],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150319,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150321,156],{"class":59},[45,150323,198],{"class":63},[45,150325,277],{"class":67},[45,150327,198],{"class":63},[45,150329,84],{"class":59},[45,150331,211],{"class":63},[45,150333,1930],{"class":67},[45,150335,198],{"class":63},[45,150337,84],{"class":59},[45,150339,211],{"class":63},[45,150341,9951],{"class":67},[45,150343,198],{"class":63},[45,150345,161],{"class":59},[20,150347,150348],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1398,150350,150352],{"id":150351},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[36,150354,150356],{"className":38,"code":150355,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150357,150358,150376],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150359,150360,150362,150364,150366,150368,150370,150372,150374],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150361,124],{"class":51},[45,150363,56],{"class":55},[45,150365,149362],{"class":171},[45,150367,156],{"class":59},[45,150369,60004],{"class":152},[45,150371,156],{"class":59},[45,150373,2734],{"class":96},[45,150375,179],{"class":59},[45,150377,150378,150380,150382,150384],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150379,153],{"class":152},[45,150381,156],{"class":59},[45,150383,136],{"class":135},[45,150385,161],{"class":59},[20,150387,182],{},[36,150389,150391],{"className":38,"code":150390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150392,150393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150394,150395,150397,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409,150411],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150396,156],{"class":59},[45,150398,1117],{"class":96},[45,150400,84],{"class":59},[45,150402,1049],{"class":96},[45,150404,84],{"class":59},[45,150406,1035],{"class":96},[45,150408,84],{"class":59},[45,150410,1063],{"class":96},[45,150412,161],{"class":59},[20,150414,150415],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[31,150417,20979],{"id":20978},[258,150419,150420,150423,150426,150429],{},[261,150421,150422],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[261,150424,150425],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[261,150427,150428],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[261,150430,150431],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150433,150434,150435,132],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[277,150436,150438],{"href":150437},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[31,150440,3061],{"id":3060},[20,150442,150443],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1398,150445,150447],{"id":150446},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150449,150450],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[36,150452,150454],{"className":38,"code":150453,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150455,150456,150472],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150457,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150459,28695],{"class":51},[45,150461,56],{"class":55},[45,150463,9453],{"class":59},[45,150465,64],{"class":63},[45,150467,1028],{"class":67},[45,150469,64],{"class":63},[45,150471,161],{"class":59},[45,150473,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150475,153],{"class":152},[45,150477,156],{"class":59},[45,150479,1478],{"class":171},[45,150481,156],{"class":59},[45,150483,23483],{"class":135},[45,150485,179],{"class":59},[20,150487,150488],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[36,150490,150492],{"className":38,"code":150491,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150493,150494,150510],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150495,150496,150498,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150497,28695],{"class":51},[45,150499,56],{"class":55},[45,150501,9453],{"class":59},[45,150503,64],{"class":63},[45,150505,1028],{"class":67},[45,150507,64],{"class":63},[45,150509,149352],{"class":59},[45,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150513,153],{"class":152},[45,150515,156],{"class":59},[45,150517,1478],{"class":171},[45,150519,156],{"class":59},[45,150521,23483],{"class":135},[45,150523,179],{"class":59},[1398,150525,150527],{"id":150526},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150529,150530],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[36,150532,150534],{"className":38,"code":150533,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150535,150536,150556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150539,124],{"class":51},[45,150541,56],{"class":55},[45,150543,1427],{"class":59},[45,150545,1430],{"class":96},[45,150547,84],{"class":59},[45,150549,1035],{"class":96},[45,150551,84],{"class":59},[45,150553,1063],{"class":96},[45,150555,244],{"class":59},[45,150557,150558,150560,150562,150564,150566,150568],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150559,153],{"class":152},[45,150561,156],{"class":59},[45,150563,1478],{"class":171},[45,150565,156],{"class":59},[45,150567,136],{"class":135},[45,150569,179],{"class":59},[20,150571,150572],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[36,150574,150576],{"className":38,"code":150575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150577,150578,150598],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150579,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150581,124],{"class":51},[45,150583,56],{"class":55},[45,150585,9453],{"class":59},[45,150587,1430],{"class":96},[45,150589,84],{"class":59},[45,150591,1035],{"class":96},[45,150593,84],{"class":59},[45,150595,1063],{"class":96},[45,150597,161],{"class":59},[45,150599,150600,150602,150604,150606,150608,150610],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150601,153],{"class":152},[45,150603,156],{"class":59},[45,150605,1478],{"class":171},[45,150607,156],{"class":59},[45,150609,136],{"class":135},[45,150611,179],{"class":59},[1398,150613,150615],{"id":150614},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150617,150428],{},[36,150619,150621],{"className":38,"code":150620,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150622,150623,150643],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150624,150625,150627,150629,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150626,3846],{"class":51},[45,150628,56],{"class":55},[45,150630,9453],{"class":59},[45,150632,1430],{"class":96},[45,150634,84],{"class":59},[45,150636,1035],{"class":96},[45,150638,84],{"class":59},[45,150640,1063],{"class":96},[45,150642,161],{"class":59},[45,150644,150645],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150646,150647],{"class":1712},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150649,150650],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1398,150652,37200,150654,150657],{"id":150653},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150655,150656],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150659,64650],{},[36,150661,150662],{"className":38,"code":150280,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,150663,150664,150682],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150665,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676,150678,150680],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150667,36085],{"class":51},[45,150669,56],{"class":55},[45,150671,149362],{"class":171},[45,150673,156],{"class":59},[45,150675,64],{"class":63},[45,150677,41559],{"class":67},[45,150679,64],{"class":63},[45,150681,161],{"class":59},[45,150683,150684,150686,150688,150690],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150685,153],{"class":152},[45,150687,156],{"class":59},[45,150689,36138],{"class":135},[45,150691,161],{"class":59},[20,150693,150694],{},"gives:",[36,150696,150697],{"className":38,"code":150315,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,150698,150699],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150700,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723,150725],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150702,156],{"class":59},[45,150704,198],{"class":63},[45,150706,277],{"class":67},[45,150708,198],{"class":63},[45,150710,84],{"class":59},[45,150712,211],{"class":63},[45,150714,1930],{"class":67},[45,150716,198],{"class":63},[45,150718,84],{"class":59},[45,150720,211],{"class":63},[45,150722,9951],{"class":67},[45,150724,198],{"class":63},[45,150726,161],{"class":59},[20,150728,150729],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[36,150731,150733],{"className":38,"code":150732,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150734,150735,150751],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150736,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747,150749],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150738,6375],{"class":51},[45,150740,56],{"class":55},[45,150742,9453],{"class":59},[45,150744,64],{"class":63},[45,150746,41559],{"class":67},[45,150748,64],{"class":63},[45,150750,149352],{"class":59},[45,150752,150753,150755,150757,150759],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150754,153],{"class":152},[45,150756,156],{"class":59},[45,150758,38388],{"class":135},[45,150760,161],{"class":59},[20,150762,182],{},[36,150764,150766],{"className":38,"code":150765,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('abc',)\n",[15,150767,150768],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150769,150770,150772,150774,150776,150778],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150771,156],{"class":59},[45,150773,198],{"class":63},[45,150775,41559],{"class":67},[45,150777,198],{"class":63},[45,150779,149352],{"class":59},[1398,150781,150783],{"id":150782},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150785,150786],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[36,150788,150790],{"className":38,"code":150789,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150791,150792,150809,150813,150823,150837],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,150793,150794,150797,150799,150801,150803,150805,150807],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,150795,150796],{"class":51},"my_tuple ",[45,150798,56],{"class":55},[45,150800,9453],{"class":59},[45,150802,64],{"class":63},[45,150804,1028],{"class":67},[45,150806,64],{"class":63},[45,150808,149352],{"class":59},[45,150810,150811],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,150812,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,150816,153],{"class":152},[45,150818,156],{"class":59},[45,150820,148014],{"class":135},[45,150822,161],{"class":59},[45,150824,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,150826,153],{"class":152},[45,150828,156],{"class":59},[45,150830,1478],{"class":171},[45,150832,156],{"class":59},[45,150834,148014],{"class":135},[45,150836,179],{"class":59},[45,150838,150839,150841,150843,150845,150847,150849],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,150840,153],{"class":152},[45,150842,156],{"class":59},[45,150844,11369],{"class":152},[45,150846,156],{"class":59},[45,150848,148014],{"class":135},[45,150850,179],{"class":59},[31,150852,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,150854,150856],{"id":150855},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150858,150859,150860,150863],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150861,150862],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1398,150865,150867],{"id":150866},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150869,150870],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1398,150872,150874],{"id":150873},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150876,150877],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1398,150879,150881],{"id":150880},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150883,150884],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1398,150886,2049,150888,12917],{"id":150887},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150889,150656],{},[20,150891,1610,150892,150895],{},[15,150893,150894],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[31,150897,2114],{"id":2113},[258,150899,150900,150904,150908,150914,150919,150924,150928],{},[261,150901,150902],{},[277,150903,147996],{"href":147995},[261,150905,150906],{},[277,150907,149669],{"href":149668},[261,150909,150910],{},[277,150911,150913],{"href":150912},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[261,150915,150916],{},[277,150917,150918],{"href":149234},"Python tuple length with len()",[261,150920,150921],{},[277,150922,150923],{"href":149299},"What is a tuple in Python?",[261,150925,150926],{},[277,150927,63224],{"href":63223},[261,150929,150930],{},[277,150931,150932],{"href":150437},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2154,150934,150935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":150937},[150938,150939,150940,150941,150942,150943,150949,150955,150956,150964,150972],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":149528,"depth":121,"text":149529},{"id":149672,"depth":121,"text":149673},{"id":149765,"depth":121,"text":149766},{"id":149958,"depth":121,"text":149959,"children":150944},[150945,150946,150947,150948],{"id":3876,"depth":142,"text":56466},{"id":5530,"depth":142,"text":56469},{"id":150050,"depth":142,"text":150051},{"id":150093,"depth":142,"text":150094},{"id":150200,"depth":121,"text":150950,"children":150951},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150952,150953,150954],{"id":105254,"depth":142,"text":105255},{"id":105440,"depth":142,"text":105441},{"id":150351,"depth":142,"text":150352},{"id":20978,"depth":121,"text":20979},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":150957},[150958,150959,150960,150961,150963],{"id":150446,"depth":142,"text":150447},{"id":150526,"depth":142,"text":150527},{"id":150614,"depth":142,"text":150615},{"id":150653,"depth":142,"text":150962},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150782,"depth":142,"text":150783},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":150965},[150966,150967,150968,150969,150970],{"id":150855,"depth":142,"text":150856},{"id":150866,"depth":142,"text":150867},{"id":150873,"depth":142,"text":150874},{"id":150880,"depth":142,"text":150881},{"id":150887,"depth":142,"text":150971},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149285,"description":150973},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150980,"title":150981,"body":150982,"description":152527,"extension":2195,"meta":152528,"navigation":145,"path":152529,"seo":152530,"stem":152531,"__hash__":152532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150983,"toc":152497},[150984,150987,150992,150994,151007,151013,151015,151082,151084,151119,151124,151128,151132,151134,151145,151153,151155,151157,151178,151180,151200,151203,151205,151210,151253,151255,151277,151280,151293,151297,151301,151304,151357,151359,151380,151385,151389,151392,151437,151439,151472,151484,151488,151496,151533,151535,151564,151568,151571,151624,151626,151646,151653,151657,151662,151731,151733,151758,151762,151765,151771,151848,151850,151909,151911,151923,151928,151932,151936,151950,151952,151987,151989,152006,152009,152022,152026,152030,152041,152046,152061,152064,152067,152069,152072,152076,152078,152092,152094,152118,152123,152127,152130,152149,152152,152201,152206,152223,152226,152259,152263,152265,152316,152319,152344,152347,152370,152374,152380,152382,152417,152420,152425,152427,152431,152434,152438,152443,152447,152450,152454,152457,152461,152466,152468,152494],[10,150985,150981],{"id":150986},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150988,9341,150989,150991],{},[15,150990,38043],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150993,82596],{},[258,150995,150996,151001],{},[261,150997,150998,151000],{},[15,150999,38043],{}," creates an empty tuple",[261,151002,151003,151006],{},[15,151004,151005],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,151008,151009,151010,151012],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,151011,38043],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[31,151014,34],{"id":33},[36,151016,151018],{"className":38,"code":151017,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151019,151020,151040,151054,151058,151068],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151021,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151023,3846],{"class":51},[45,151025,56],{"class":55},[45,151027,1427],{"class":59},[45,151029,1430],{"class":96},[45,151031,84],{"class":59},[45,151033,1035],{"class":96},[45,151035,84],{"class":59},[45,151037,1063],{"class":96},[45,151039,244],{"class":59},[45,151041,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151043,716],{"class":51},[45,151045,56],{"class":55},[45,151047,149362],{"class":171},[45,151049,156],{"class":59},[45,151051,3876],{"class":135},[45,151053,161],{"class":59},[45,151055,151056],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151057,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151059,151060,151062,151064,151066],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151061,153],{"class":152},[45,151063,156],{"class":59},[45,151065,740],{"class":135},[45,151067,161],{"class":59},[45,151069,151070,151072,151074,151076,151078,151080],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,151071,153],{"class":152},[45,151073,156],{"class":59},[45,151075,1478],{"class":171},[45,151077,156],{"class":59},[45,151079,740],{"class":135},[45,151081,179],{"class":59},[20,151083,182],{},[36,151085,151087],{"className":38,"code":151086,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151088,151089,151105],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151090,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151092,156],{"class":59},[45,151094,1430],{"class":96},[45,151096,84],{"class":59},[45,151098,1035],{"class":96},[45,151100,84],{"class":59},[45,151102,1063],{"class":96},[45,151104,161],{"class":59},[45,151106,151107,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151108,1594],{"class":55},[45,151110,1598],{"class":1597},[45,151112,211],{"class":63},[45,151114,48955],{"class":67},[45,151116,198],{"class":63},[45,151118,1607],{"class":55},[20,151120,1006,151121,151123],{},[15,151122,151005],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[31,151125,151127],{"id":151126},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151129,151130,62932],{},[15,151131,38043],{},[20,151133,48929],{},[258,151135,151136,151139,151142],{},[261,151137,151138],{},"creates a tuple object",[261,151140,151141],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[261,151143,151144],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151146,151147,151148,151150,151151,132],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[277,151149,149300],{"href":149299}," or the full guide to ",[277,151152,147996],{"href":147995},[31,151154,284],{"id":283},[20,151156,26643],{},[36,151158,151160],{"className":38,"code":151159,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151161,151162,151168],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151163,151164,151166],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151165,48955],{"class":171},[45,151167,139],{"class":59},[45,151169,151170,151172,151174,151176],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151171,48955],{"class":171},[45,151173,156],{"class":59},[45,151175,3948],{"class":135},[45,151177,161],{"class":59},[20,151179,11663],{},[258,151181,151182,151185],{},[261,151183,151184],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[261,151186,151187,151188],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[258,151189,151190,151192,151194,151196,151198],{},[261,151191,5521],{},[261,151193,5530],{},[261,151195,63003],{},[261,151197,5527],{},[261,151199,7472],{},[20,151201,151202],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[31,151204,149673],{"id":149672},[20,151206,1401,151207,151209],{},[15,151208,38043],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[36,151211,151213],{"className":38,"code":151212,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151214,151215,151225,151229,151239],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151216,151217,151219,151221,151223],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151218,124860],{"class":51},[45,151220,56],{"class":55},[45,151222,149362],{"class":171},[45,151224,139],{"class":59},[45,151226,151227],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151228,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151230,151231,151233,151235,151237],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151232,153],{"class":152},[45,151234,156],{"class":59},[45,151236,124911],{"class":135},[45,151238,161],{"class":59},[45,151240,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151242,153],{"class":152},[45,151244,156],{"class":59},[45,151246,1478],{"class":171},[45,151248,156],{"class":59},[45,151250,124911],{"class":135},[45,151252,179],{"class":59},[20,151254,182],{},[36,151256,151257],{"className":38,"code":149718,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,151258,151259,151263],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151260,151261],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151262,139],{"class":59},[45,151264,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151266,1594],{"class":55},[45,151268,1598],{"class":1597},[45,151270,211],{"class":63},[45,151272,48955],{"class":67},[45,151274,198],{"class":63},[45,151276,1607],{"class":55},[20,151278,151279],{},"This is equivalent to:",[36,151281,151283],{"className":38,"code":151282,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty = ()\n",[15,151284,151285],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151286,151287,151289,151291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151288,124860],{"class":51},[45,151290,56],{"class":55},[45,151292,149338],{"class":59},[31,151294,151296],{"id":151295},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1398,151298,151300],{"id":151299},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151302,151303],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[36,151305,151307],{"className":38,"code":151306,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151308,151309,151329,151343,151347],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151312,3846],{"class":51},[45,151314,56],{"class":55},[45,151316,1427],{"class":59},[45,151318,2560],{"class":96},[45,151320,84],{"class":59},[45,151322,97],{"class":96},[45,151324,84],{"class":59},[45,151326,8016],{"class":96},[45,151328,244],{"class":59},[45,151330,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151332,716],{"class":51},[45,151334,56],{"class":55},[45,151336,149362],{"class":171},[45,151338,156],{"class":59},[45,151340,3876],{"class":135},[45,151342,161],{"class":59},[45,151344,151345],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151346,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151348,151349,151351,151353,151355],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151350,153],{"class":152},[45,151352,156],{"class":59},[45,151354,740],{"class":135},[45,151356,161],{"class":59},[20,151358,182],{},[36,151360,151362],{"className":38,"code":151361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151363,151364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151365,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151367,156],{"class":59},[45,151369,2560],{"class":96},[45,151371,84],{"class":59},[45,151373,97],{"class":96},[45,151375,84],{"class":59},[45,151377,8016],{"class":96},[45,151379,161],{"class":59},[20,151381,151382,151383,132],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[277,151384,105060],{"href":60061},[1398,151386,151388],{"id":151387},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151390,151391],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[36,151393,151395],{"className":38,"code":151394,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151396,151397,151409,151423,151427],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151398,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151400,34680],{"class":51},[45,151402,56],{"class":55},[45,151404,76],{"class":63},[45,151406,37043],{"class":67},[45,151408,468],{"class":63},[45,151410,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151412,716],{"class":51},[45,151414,56],{"class":55},[45,151416,149362],{"class":171},[45,151418,156],{"class":59},[45,151420,34701],{"class":135},[45,151422,161],{"class":59},[45,151424,151425],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151426,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151428,151429,151431,151433,151435],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151430,153],{"class":152},[45,151432,156],{"class":59},[45,151434,740],{"class":135},[45,151436,161],{"class":59},[20,151438,182],{},[36,151440,151442],{"className":38,"code":151441,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151443,151444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151445,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151447,156],{"class":59},[45,151449,198],{"class":63},[45,151451,9951],{"class":67},[45,151453,198],{"class":63},[45,151455,84],{"class":59},[45,151457,211],{"class":63},[45,151459,277],{"class":67},[45,151461,198],{"class":63},[45,151463,84],{"class":59},[45,151465,211],{"class":63},[45,151467,63293],{"class":67},[45,151469,198],{"class":63},[45,151471,161],{"class":59},[20,151473,151474,151475,14246,151478,151480,151481,132],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151476,151477],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[355,151479,4854],{}," create ",[15,151482,151483],{},"('cat',)",[1398,151485,151487],{"id":151486},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151489,151490,151492,151493,151495],{},[15,151491,36193],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151494,38043],{}," collects them all.",[36,151497,151499],{"className":38,"code":151498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151500,151501,151519,151523],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151502,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151504,716],{"class":51},[45,151506,56],{"class":55},[45,151508,149362],{"class":171},[45,151510,156],{"class":59},[45,151512,60004],{"class":152},[45,151514,156],{"class":59},[45,151516,2366],{"class":96},[45,151518,179],{"class":59},[45,151520,151521],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151522,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151524,151525,151527,151529,151531],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151526,153],{"class":152},[45,151528,156],{"class":59},[45,151530,740],{"class":135},[45,151532,161],{"class":59},[20,151534,182],{},[36,151536,151538],{"className":38,"code":151537,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151539,151540],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151541,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151543,156],{"class":59},[45,151545,1117],{"class":96},[45,151547,84],{"class":59},[45,151549,1049],{"class":96},[45,151551,84],{"class":59},[45,151553,1035],{"class":96},[45,151555,84],{"class":59},[45,151557,1063],{"class":96},[45,151559,84],{"class":59},[45,151561,2687],{"class":96},[45,151563,161],{"class":59},[1398,151565,151567],{"id":151566},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151569,151570],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[36,151572,151574],{"className":38,"code":151573,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151575,151576,151596,151610,151614],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151577,151578,151580,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151579,124],{"class":51},[45,151581,56],{"class":55},[45,151583,60],{"class":59},[45,151585,1430],{"class":96},[45,151587,84],{"class":59},[45,151589,1035],{"class":96},[45,151591,84],{"class":59},[45,151593,1063],{"class":96},[45,151595,118],{"class":59},[45,151597,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151599,716],{"class":51},[45,151601,56],{"class":55},[45,151603,149362],{"class":171},[45,151605,156],{"class":59},[45,151607,136],{"class":135},[45,151609,161],{"class":59},[45,151611,151612],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151613,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151615,151616,151618,151620,151622],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151617,153],{"class":152},[45,151619,156],{"class":59},[45,151621,740],{"class":135},[45,151623,161],{"class":59},[20,151625,182],{},[36,151627,151628],{"className":38,"code":149575,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,151629,151630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151631,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151633,156],{"class":59},[45,151635,1430],{"class":96},[45,151637,84],{"class":59},[45,151639,1035],{"class":96},[45,151641,84],{"class":59},[45,151643,1063],{"class":96},[45,151645,161],{"class":59},[20,151647,151648,151649,132],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[277,151650,151652],{"href":151651},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1398,151654,151656],{"id":151655},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151658,63546,151659,151661],{},[15,151660,38043],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[36,151663,151665],{"className":38,"code":151664,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151666,151667,151703,151717,151721],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151668,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151670,371],{"class":51},[45,151672,56],{"class":55},[45,151674,60],{"class":59},[45,151676,64],{"class":63},[45,151678,68],{"class":67},[45,151680,64],{"class":63},[45,151682,73],{"class":59},[45,151684,76],{"class":63},[45,151686,79],{"class":67},[45,151688,64],{"class":63},[45,151690,84],{"class":59},[45,151692,76],{"class":63},[45,151694,89],{"class":67},[45,151696,64],{"class":63},[45,151698,73],{"class":59},[45,151700,403],{"class":96},[45,151702,118],{"class":59},[45,151704,151705,151707,151709,151711,151713,151715],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151706,716],{"class":51},[45,151708,56],{"class":55},[45,151710,149362],{"class":171},[45,151712,156],{"class":59},[45,151714,446],{"class":135},[45,151716,161],{"class":59},[45,151718,151719],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151720,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151722,151723,151725,151727,151729],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151724,153],{"class":152},[45,151726,156],{"class":59},[45,151728,740],{"class":135},[45,151730,161],{"class":59},[20,151732,30185],{},[36,151734,151736],{"className":38,"code":151735,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151737,151738],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151739,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151741,156],{"class":59},[45,151743,198],{"class":63},[45,151745,68],{"class":67},[45,151747,198],{"class":63},[45,151749,84],{"class":59},[45,151751,211],{"class":63},[45,151753,89],{"class":67},[45,151755,198],{"class":63},[45,151757,161],{"class":59},[31,151759,151761],{"id":151760},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151763,151764],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151766,151767,151770],{},[15,151768,151769],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[36,151772,151774],{"className":38,"code":151773,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151775,151776,151812,151816,151830],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151777,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151779,371],{"class":51},[45,151781,56],{"class":55},[45,151783,60],{"class":59},[45,151785,64],{"class":63},[45,151787,68],{"class":67},[45,151789,64],{"class":63},[45,151791,73],{"class":59},[45,151793,76],{"class":63},[45,151795,79],{"class":67},[45,151797,64],{"class":63},[45,151799,84],{"class":59},[45,151801,76],{"class":63},[45,151803,89],{"class":67},[45,151805,64],{"class":63},[45,151807,73],{"class":59},[45,151809,403],{"class":96},[45,151811,118],{"class":59},[45,151813,151814],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151815,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,151817,151818,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,151819,153],{"class":152},[45,151821,156],{"class":59},[45,151823,48955],{"class":171},[45,151825,156],{"class":59},[45,151827,446],{"class":135},[45,151829,179],{"class":59},[45,151831,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,151833,153],{"class":152},[45,151835,156],{"class":59},[45,151837,48955],{"class":171},[45,151839,156],{"class":59},[45,151841,446],{"class":135},[45,151843,132],{"class":59},[45,151845,1289],{"class":135},[45,151847,2041],{"class":59},[20,151849,182],{},[36,151851,151853],{"className":38,"code":151852,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151854,151855,151875],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151856,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151858,156],{"class":59},[45,151860,198],{"class":63},[45,151862,68],{"class":67},[45,151864,198],{"class":63},[45,151866,84],{"class":59},[45,151868,211],{"class":63},[45,151870,89],{"class":67},[45,151872,198],{"class":63},[45,151874,161],{"class":59},[45,151876,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151878,5731],{"class":59},[45,151880,198],{"class":63},[45,151882,68],{"class":67},[45,151884,198],{"class":63},[45,151886,84],{"class":59},[45,151888,211],{"class":63},[45,151890,79],{"class":67},[45,151892,198],{"class":63},[45,151894,9450],{"class":59},[45,151896,9453],{"class":59},[45,151898,198],{"class":63},[45,151900,89],{"class":67},[45,151902,198],{"class":63},[45,151904,84],{"class":59},[45,151906,403],{"class":96},[45,151908,179],{"class":59},[20,151910,1363],{},[258,151912,151913,151918],{},[261,151914,151915,151917],{},[15,151916,151769],{}," for keys",[261,151919,151920,336],{},[15,151921,151922],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151924,151925,151926,132],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[277,151927,63556],{"href":63555},[31,151929,151931],{"id":151930},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151933,151934,18500],{},[15,151935,38043],{},[258,151937,151938,151941,151944,151947],{},[261,151939,151940],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[261,151942,151943],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[261,151945,151946],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[261,151948,151949],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151951,361],{},[36,151953,151955],{"className":38,"code":151954,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151956,151957,151976],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151958,151959,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151960,151961],{"class":51},"coordinates ",[45,151963,56],{"class":55},[45,151965,149362],{"class":171},[45,151967,195],{"class":59},[45,151969,2734],{"class":96},[45,151971,84],{"class":59},[45,151973,6214],{"class":96},[45,151975,218],{"class":59},[45,151977,151978,151980,151982,151985],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,151979,153],{"class":152},[45,151981,156],{"class":59},[45,151983,151984],{"class":135},"coordinates",[45,151986,161],{"class":59},[20,151988,182],{},[36,151990,151992],{"className":38,"code":151991,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151993,151994],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,151995,151996,151998,152000,152002,152004],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,151997,156],{"class":59},[45,151999,2734],{"class":96},[45,152001,84],{"class":59},[45,152003,6214],{"class":96},[45,152005,161],{"class":59},[20,152007,152008],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[258,152010,152011,152013,152016,152019],{},[261,152012,151984],{},[261,152014,152015],{},"RGB colors",[261,152017,152018],{},"dates",[261,152020,152021],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[31,152023,152025],{"id":152024},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152027,44429,152028,10811],{},[15,152029,38043],{},[258,152031,152032,152035,152038],{},[261,152033,152034],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[261,152036,152037],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[261,152039,152040],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152042,116487,152043,152045],{},[355,152044,4854],{}," work:",[36,152047,152049],{"className":38,"code":152048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152050,152051],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152052,152053,152055,152057,152059],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152054,48955],{"class":171},[45,152056,156],{"class":59},[45,152058,2366],{"class":96},[45,152060,161],{"class":59},[20,152062,152063],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152065,152066],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[31,152068,115325],{"id":115324},[20,152070,152071],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1398,152073,152075],{"id":152074},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152077,3068],{},[36,152079,152080],{"className":38,"code":152048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,152081,152082],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152083,152084,152086,152088,152090],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152085,48955],{"class":171},[45,152087,156],{"class":59},[45,152089,2366],{"class":96},[45,152091,161],{"class":59},[20,152093,29836],{},[36,152095,152096],{"className":38,"code":63660,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,152097,152098],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152099,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152101,3235],{"class":171},[45,152103,73],{"class":59},[45,152105,211],{"class":63},[45,152107,2418],{"class":67},[45,152109,198],{"class":63},[45,152111,839],{"class":171},[45,152113,8315],{"class":55},[45,152115,8318],{"class":55},[45,152117,63683],{"class":51},[20,152119,152120,152121,132],{},"If you see this, read ",[277,152122,62297],{"href":52603},[1398,152124,152126],{"id":152125},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152128,152129],{},"This code:",[36,152131,152133],{"className":38,"code":152132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152134,152135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152136,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152138,48955],{"class":171},[45,152140,156],{"class":59},[45,152142,64],{"class":63},[45,152144,4073],{"class":67},[45,152146,64],{"class":63},[45,152148,161],{"class":59},[20,152150,152151],{},"returns:",[36,152153,152155],{"className":38,"code":152154,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152156,152157],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152158,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152160,156],{"class":59},[45,152162,198],{"class":63},[45,152164,60444],{"class":67},[45,152166,198],{"class":63},[45,152168,84],{"class":59},[45,152170,211],{"class":63},[45,152172,60453],{"class":67},[45,152174,198],{"class":63},[45,152176,84],{"class":59},[45,152178,211],{"class":63},[45,152180,60462],{"class":67},[45,152182,198],{"class":63},[45,152184,84],{"class":59},[45,152186,211],{"class":63},[45,152188,60462],{"class":67},[45,152190,198],{"class":63},[45,152192,84],{"class":59},[45,152194,211],{"class":63},[45,152196,60479],{"class":67},[45,152198,198],{"class":63},[45,152200,161],{"class":59},[20,152202,40904,152203,152205],{},[355,152204,4854],{}," return:",[36,152207,152209],{"className":38,"code":152208,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('hello',)\n",[15,152210,152211],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152212,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152214,156],{"class":59},[45,152216,198],{"class":63},[45,152218,4073],{"class":67},[45,152220,198],{"class":63},[45,152222,149352],{"class":59},[20,152224,152225],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[36,152227,152229],{"className":38,"code":152228,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152230,152231,152248],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152232,152233,152236,152238,152240,152242,152244,152246],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152234,152235],{"class":51},"single ",[45,152237,56],{"class":55},[45,152239,9453],{"class":59},[45,152241,64],{"class":63},[45,152243,4073],{"class":67},[45,152245,64],{"class":63},[45,152247,149352],{"class":59},[45,152249,152250,152252,152254,152257],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152251,153],{"class":152},[45,152253,156],{"class":59},[45,152255,152256],{"class":135},"single",[45,152258,161],{"class":59},[1398,152260,152262],{"id":152261},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152264,152129],{},[36,152266,152268],{"className":38,"code":152267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152269,152270,152302],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152271,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288,152290,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152273,1909],{"class":51},[45,152275,56],{"class":55},[45,152277,60],{"class":59},[45,152279,64],{"class":63},[45,152281,277],{"class":67},[45,152283,64],{"class":63},[45,152285,73],{"class":59},[45,152287,1049],{"class":96},[45,152289,84],{"class":59},[45,152291,76],{"class":63},[45,152293,1930],{"class":67},[45,152295,64],{"class":63},[45,152297,73],{"class":59},[45,152299,1035],{"class":96},[45,152301,118],{"class":59},[45,152303,152304,152306,152308,152310,152312,152314],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152305,153],{"class":152},[45,152307,156],{"class":59},[45,152309,48955],{"class":171},[45,152311,156],{"class":59},[45,152313,1947],{"class":135},[45,152315,179],{"class":59},[20,152317,152318],{},"returns only the keys:",[36,152320,152322],{"className":38,"code":152321,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152323,152324],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152325,152326,152328,152330,152332,152334,152336,152338,152340,152342],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152327,156],{"class":59},[45,152329,198],{"class":63},[45,152331,277],{"class":67},[45,152333,198],{"class":63},[45,152335,84],{"class":59},[45,152337,211],{"class":63},[45,152339,1930],{"class":67},[45,152341,198],{"class":63},[45,152343,161],{"class":59},[20,152345,152346],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[36,152348,152350],{"className":38,"code":152349,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152351,152352],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152353,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152355,153],{"class":152},[45,152357,156],{"class":59},[45,152359,48955],{"class":171},[45,152361,156],{"class":59},[45,152363,1947],{"class":135},[45,152365,132],{"class":59},[45,152367,1289],{"class":135},[45,152369,2041],{"class":59},[1398,152371,152373],{"id":152372},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152375,152376,152377,152379],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152378,38043],{}," conversion.",[20,152381,5693],{},[36,152383,152385],{"className":38,"code":152384,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152386,152387,152407],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152388,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152390,2677],{"class":51},[45,152392,56],{"class":55},[45,152394,9453],{"class":59},[45,152396,1430],{"class":96},[45,152398,84],{"class":59},[45,152400,1035],{"class":96},[45,152402,84],{"class":59},[45,152404,1063],{"class":96},[45,152406,161],{"class":59},[45,152408,152409,152411,152413,152415],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152410,153],{"class":152},[45,152412,156],{"class":59},[45,152414,947],{"class":135},[45,152416,161],{"class":59},[20,152418,152419],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152421,25667,152422,152424],{},[15,152423,38043],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[31,152426,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,152428,152430],{"id":152429},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152432,152433],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1398,152435,152437],{"id":152436},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152439,152440,152441,132],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152442,7587],{},[1398,152444,152446],{"id":152445},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152448,152449],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1398,152451,152453],{"id":152452},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152455,152456],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1398,152458,152460],{"id":152459},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152462,152463,152464,132],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152465,3235],{},[31,152467,2114],{"id":2113},[258,152469,152470,152474,152478,152482,152486,152490],{},[261,152471,152472],{},[277,152473,147996],{"href":147995},[261,152475,152476],{},[277,152477,150923],{"href":149299},[261,152479,152480],{},[277,152481,105060],{"href":60061},[261,152483,152484],{},[277,152485,151652],{"href":151651},[261,152487,152488],{},[277,152489,63556],{"href":63555},[261,152491,152492],{},[277,152493,62297],{"href":52603},[2154,152495,152496],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":152498},[152499,152500,152501,152502,152503,152510,152511,152512,152513,152519,152526],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":151126,"depth":121,"text":151127},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":149672,"depth":121,"text":149673},{"id":151295,"depth":121,"text":151296,"children":152504},[152505,152506,152507,152508,152509],{"id":151299,"depth":142,"text":151300},{"id":151387,"depth":142,"text":151388},{"id":151486,"depth":142,"text":151487},{"id":151566,"depth":142,"text":151567},{"id":151655,"depth":142,"text":151656},{"id":151760,"depth":121,"text":151761},{"id":151930,"depth":121,"text":151931},{"id":152024,"depth":121,"text":152025},{"id":115324,"depth":121,"text":115325,"children":152514},[152515,152516,152517,152518],{"id":152074,"depth":142,"text":152075},{"id":152125,"depth":142,"text":152126},{"id":152261,"depth":142,"text":152262},{"id":152372,"depth":142,"text":152373},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":152520},[152521,152522,152523,152524,152525],{"id":152429,"depth":142,"text":152430},{"id":152436,"depth":142,"text":152437},{"id":152445,"depth":142,"text":152446},{"id":152452,"depth":142,"text":152453},{"id":152459,"depth":142,"text":152460},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150981,"description":152527},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152534,"title":152535,"body":152536,"description":153949,"extension":2195,"meta":153950,"navigation":145,"path":153951,"seo":153952,"stem":153953,"__hash__":153954},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152537,"toc":153921},[152538,152543,152548,152551,152553,152632,152638,152643,152647,152662,152664,152711,152713,152721,152729,152735,152737,152742,152762,152765,152792,152794,152818,152820,152962,152964,152968,152976,152979,152981,153058,153060,153068,153072,153076,153086,153096,153098,153103,153105,153164,153169,153171,153271,153273,153287,153292,153298,153305,153308,153310,153420,153424,153441,153443,153506,153508,153516,153528,153532,153537,153565,153568,153650,153652,153663,153665,153669,153696,153698,153700,153780,153788,153790,153845,153847,153852,153855,153859,153863,153865,153869,153873,153881,153888,153891,153893,153918],[10,152539,147880,152541,18],{"id":152540},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152542,58973],{},[20,152544,152545,152547],{},[15,152546,149201],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152549,152550],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[31,152552,34],{"id":33},[36,152554,152556],{"className":38,"code":152555,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152557,152558,152598,152620],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152559,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152561,13274],{"class":51},[45,152563,56],{"class":55},[45,152565,9453],{"class":59},[45,152567,64],{"class":63},[45,152569,13291],{"class":67},[45,152571,64],{"class":63},[45,152573,84],{"class":59},[45,152575,76],{"class":63},[45,152577,703],{"class":67},[45,152579,64],{"class":63},[45,152581,84],{"class":59},[45,152583,76],{"class":63},[45,152585,17637],{"class":67},[45,152587,64],{"class":63},[45,152589,84],{"class":59},[45,152591,76],{"class":63},[45,152593,703],{"class":67},[45,152595,64],{"class":63},[45,152597,161],{"class":59},[45,152599,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152601,64926],{"class":51},[45,152603,56],{"class":55},[45,152605,13321],{"class":51},[45,152607,132],{"class":59},[45,152609,35840],{"class":135},[45,152611,156],{"class":59},[45,152613,64],{"class":63},[45,152615,703],{"class":67},[45,152617,64],{"class":63},[45,152619,161],{"class":59},[45,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,152623,153],{"class":152},[45,152625,156],{"class":59},[45,152627,64953],{"class":135},[45,152629,3889],{"class":59},[45,152631,27936],{"class":1712},[20,152633,152634,152637],{},[15,152635,152636],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[31,152639,253,152641,256],{"id":152640},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152642,149201],{},[20,152644,2212,152645,11618],{},[15,152646,58973],{},[258,152648,152649,152652,152654,152657],{},[261,152650,152651],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[261,152653,128478],{},[261,152655,152656],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[261,152658,152659,152660],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152661,1117],{},[20,152663,361],{},[36,152665,152667],{"className":38,"code":152666,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152668,152669,152693],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152670,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152672,3846],{"class":51},[45,152674,56],{"class":55},[45,152676,9453],{"class":59},[45,152678,2560],{"class":96},[45,152680,84],{"class":59},[45,152682,97],{"class":96},[45,152684,84],{"class":59},[45,152686,8016],{"class":96},[45,152688,84],{"class":59},[45,152690,97],{"class":96},[45,152692,161],{"class":59},[45,152694,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152696,153],{"class":152},[45,152698,156],{"class":59},[45,152700,3876],{"class":135},[45,152702,132],{"class":59},[45,152704,35840],{"class":135},[45,152706,156],{"class":59},[45,152708,15948],{"class":96},[45,152710,179],{"class":59},[20,152712,182],{},[36,152714,152715],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,152716,152717],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152718,152719],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152720,46918],{"class":96},[20,152722,21156,152723,152725,152726,152728],{},[15,152724,15948],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152727,58973],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152730,151147,152731,132],{},[277,152732,152734],{"href":152733},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[31,152736,284],{"id":283},[20,152738,7984,152739,152741],{},[15,152740,58973],{}," in two ways:",[36,152743,152745],{"className":38,"code":152744,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152746,152747],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152748,152749,152752,152754,152756,152758,152760],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152750,152751],{"class":51},"tuple_name",[45,152753,132],{"class":59},[45,152755,35840],{"class":135},[45,152757,156],{"class":59},[45,152759,947],{"class":135},[45,152761,161],{"class":59},[20,152763,152764],{},"or:",[36,152766,152768],{"className":38,"code":152767,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152769,152770],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152771,152772,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152773,152751],{"class":51},[45,152775,132],{"class":59},[45,152777,35840],{"class":135},[45,152779,156],{"class":59},[45,152781,947],{"class":135},[45,152783,84],{"class":59},[45,152785,36046],{"class":135},[45,152787,84],{"class":59},[45,152789,65047],{"class":135},[45,152791,161],{"class":59},[1398,152793,17577],{"id":17576},[258,152795,152796,152801,152806,152811],{},[261,152797,152798,152800],{},[15,152799,947],{}," — the item to search for",[261,152802,152803,152805],{},[15,152804,36067],{}," — optional starting position",[261,152807,152808,152810],{},[15,152809,52664],{}," — optional ending position",[261,152812,152813,5007,152815,152817],{},[15,152814,52664],{},[355,152816,65076],{}," in the search",[20,152819,361],{},[36,152821,152823],{"className":38,"code":152822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152824,152825,152873,152877,152902,152930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152826,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152828,36085],{"class":51},[45,152830,56],{"class":55},[45,152832,9453],{"class":59},[45,152834,64],{"class":63},[45,152836,277],{"class":67},[45,152838,64],{"class":63},[45,152840,84],{"class":59},[45,152842,76],{"class":63},[45,152844,1930],{"class":67},[45,152846,64],{"class":63},[45,152848,84],{"class":59},[45,152850,76],{"class":63},[45,152852,9951],{"class":67},[45,152854,64],{"class":63},[45,152856,84],{"class":59},[45,152858,76],{"class":63},[45,152860,1930],{"class":67},[45,152862,64],{"class":63},[45,152864,84],{"class":59},[45,152866,76],{"class":63},[45,152868,18946],{"class":67},[45,152870,64],{"class":63},[45,152872,161],{"class":59},[45,152874,152875],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,152876,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,152878,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,152880,153],{"class":152},[45,152882,156],{"class":59},[45,152884,36138],{"class":135},[45,152886,132],{"class":59},[45,152888,35840],{"class":135},[45,152890,156],{"class":59},[45,152892,64],{"class":63},[45,152894,1930],{"class":67},[45,152896,64],{"class":63},[45,152898,5582],{"class":59},[45,152900,152901],{"class":1712},"        # 1\n",[45,152903,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,152905,153],{"class":152},[45,152907,156],{"class":59},[45,152909,36138],{"class":135},[45,152911,132],{"class":59},[45,152913,35840],{"class":135},[45,152915,156],{"class":59},[45,152917,64],{"class":63},[45,152919,1930],{"class":67},[45,152921,64],{"class":63},[45,152923,84],{"class":59},[45,152925,1035],{"class":96},[45,152927,5582],{"class":59},[45,152929,50921],{"class":1712},[45,152931,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954,152956,152958,152960],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,152933,153],{"class":152},[45,152935,156],{"class":59},[45,152937,36138],{"class":135},[45,152939,132],{"class":59},[45,152941,35840],{"class":135},[45,152943,156],{"class":59},[45,152945,64],{"class":63},[45,152947,1930],{"class":67},[45,152949,64],{"class":63},[45,152951,84],{"class":59},[45,152953,1049],{"class":96},[45,152955,84],{"class":59},[45,152957,1063],{"class":96},[45,152959,5582],{"class":59},[45,152961,27936],{"class":1712},[31,152963,103387],{"id":103386},[20,152965,152966,25670],{},[15,152967,149201],{},[258,152969,152970,152973],{},[261,152971,152972],{},"An integer",[261,152974,152975],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152977,152978],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152980,361],{},[36,152982,152984],{"className":38,"code":152983,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152985,152986,153026,153048],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,152987,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,152989,108486],{"class":51},[45,152991,56],{"class":55},[45,152993,9453],{"class":59},[45,152995,64],{"class":63},[45,152997,37043],{"class":67},[45,152999,64],{"class":63},[45,153001,84],{"class":59},[45,153003,76],{"class":63},[45,153005,58132],{"class":67},[45,153007,64],{"class":63},[45,153009,84],{"class":59},[45,153011,76],{"class":63},[45,153013,58149],{"class":67},[45,153015,64],{"class":63},[45,153017,84],{"class":59},[45,153019,76],{"class":63},[45,153021,58132],{"class":67},[45,153023,64],{"class":63},[45,153025,161],{"class":59},[45,153027,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044,153046],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153029,716],{"class":51},[45,153031,56],{"class":55},[45,153033,108529],{"class":51},[45,153035,132],{"class":59},[45,153037,35840],{"class":135},[45,153039,156],{"class":59},[45,153041,64],{"class":63},[45,153043,58132],{"class":67},[45,153045,64],{"class":63},[45,153047,161],{"class":59},[45,153049,153050,153052,153054,153056],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153051,153],{"class":152},[45,153053,156],{"class":59},[45,153055,740],{"class":135},[45,153057,161],{"class":59},[20,153059,182],{},[36,153061,153062],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,153063,153064],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153065,153066],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153067,46918],{"class":96},[31,153069,153071],{"id":153070},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153073,1006,153074,10811],{},[15,153075,149201],{},[258,153077,153078,153080,153083],{},[261,153079,66105],{},[261,153081,153082],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[261,153084,153085],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153087,153088,153089,153092,153093,132],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153090,153091],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[277,153094,149669],{"href":153095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[31,153097,65637],{"id":65636},[20,153099,153100,153101,132],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153102,40702],{},[20,153104,361],{},[36,153106,153108],{"className":38,"code":153107,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153109,153110,153142],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153111,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153113,13274],{"class":51},[45,153115,56],{"class":55},[45,153117,9453],{"class":59},[45,153119,64],{"class":63},[45,153121,13291],{"class":67},[45,153123,64],{"class":63},[45,153125,84],{"class":59},[45,153127,76],{"class":63},[45,153129,703],{"class":67},[45,153131,64],{"class":63},[45,153133,84],{"class":59},[45,153135,76],{"class":63},[45,153137,17637],{"class":67},[45,153139,64],{"class":63},[45,153141,161],{"class":59},[45,153143,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153145,153],{"class":152},[45,153147,156],{"class":59},[45,153149,17684],{"class":135},[45,153151,132],{"class":59},[45,153153,35840],{"class":135},[45,153155,156],{"class":59},[45,153157,64],{"class":63},[45,153159,22698],{"class":67},[45,153161,64],{"class":63},[45,153163,179],{"class":59},[20,153165,39651,153166,153168],{},[15,153167,109811],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153170,65712],{},[36,153172,153174],{"className":38,"code":153173,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153175,153176,153208,153212,153228,153250,153256],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153177,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202,153204,153206],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153179,13274],{"class":51},[45,153181,56],{"class":55},[45,153183,9453],{"class":59},[45,153185,64],{"class":63},[45,153187,13291],{"class":67},[45,153189,64],{"class":63},[45,153191,84],{"class":59},[45,153193,76],{"class":63},[45,153195,703],{"class":67},[45,153197,64],{"class":63},[45,153199,84],{"class":59},[45,153201,76],{"class":63},[45,153203,17637],{"class":67},[45,153205,64],{"class":63},[45,153207,161],{"class":59},[45,153209,153210],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153211,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,153213,153214,153216,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153215,7219],{"class":921},[45,153217,76],{"class":63},[45,153219,22698],{"class":67},[45,153221,64],{"class":63},[45,153223,21352],{"class":55},[45,153225,13321],{"class":51},[45,153227,6614],{"class":59},[45,153229,153230,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,153231,942],{"class":152},[45,153233,156],{"class":59},[45,153235,17684],{"class":135},[45,153237,132],{"class":59},[45,153239,35840],{"class":135},[45,153241,156],{"class":59},[45,153243,64],{"class":63},[45,153245,22698],{"class":67},[45,153247,64],{"class":63},[45,153249,179],{"class":59},[45,153251,153252,153254],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,153253,27590],{"class":921},[45,153255,6614],{"class":59},[45,153257,153258,153260,153262,153264,153267,153269],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,153259,942],{"class":152},[45,153261,156],{"class":59},[45,153263,64],{"class":63},[45,153265,153266],{"class":67},"Value not found",[45,153268,64],{"class":63},[45,153270,161],{"class":59},[20,153272,182],{},[36,153274,153276],{"className":38,"code":153275,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Value not found\n",[15,153277,153278],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153279,153280,153283,153285],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153281,153282],{"class":51},"Value ",[45,153284,4854],{"class":55},[45,153286,65836],{"class":51},[20,153288,153289,153290,132],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[277,153291,65846],{"href":65845},[31,153293,1797,153294,329,153296],{"id":65413},[15,153295,36067],{},[15,153297,52664],{},[20,153299,2212,153300,329,153302,153304],{},[15,153301,36067],{},[15,153303,52664],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153306,153307],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153309,361],{},[36,153311,153313],{"className":38,"code":153312,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153314,153315,153343,153347,153368,153392],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153316,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153318,124],{"class":51},[45,153320,56],{"class":55},[45,153322,9453],{"class":59},[45,153324,2366],{"class":96},[45,153326,84],{"class":59},[45,153328,6225],{"class":96},[45,153330,84],{"class":59},[45,153332,4828],{"class":96},[45,153334,84],{"class":59},[45,153336,97],{"class":96},[45,153338,84],{"class":59},[45,153340,4828],{"class":96},[45,153342,161],{"class":59},[45,153344,153345],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153346,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,153348,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153350,153],{"class":152},[45,153352,156],{"class":59},[45,153354,136],{"class":135},[45,153356,132],{"class":59},[45,153358,35840],{"class":135},[45,153360,156],{"class":59},[45,153362,2366],{"class":96},[45,153364,5582],{"class":59},[45,153366,153367],{"class":1712},"        # 0\n",[45,153369,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,153371,153],{"class":152},[45,153373,156],{"class":59},[45,153375,136],{"class":135},[45,153377,132],{"class":59},[45,153379,35840],{"class":135},[45,153381,156],{"class":59},[45,153383,2366],{"class":96},[45,153385,84],{"class":59},[45,153387,1049],{"class":96},[45,153389,5582],{"class":59},[45,153391,50955],{"class":1712},[45,153393,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412,153414,153416,153418],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,153395,153],{"class":152},[45,153397,156],{"class":59},[45,153399,136],{"class":135},[45,153401,132],{"class":59},[45,153403,35840],{"class":135},[45,153405,156],{"class":59},[45,153407,2366],{"class":96},[45,153409,84],{"class":59},[45,153411,1063],{"class":96},[45,153413,84],{"class":59},[45,153415,4828],{"class":96},[45,153417,5582],{"class":59},[45,153419,50938],{"class":1712},[1398,153421,153423],{"id":153422},"how-it-works","How it works",[258,153425,153426,153431,153436],{},[261,153427,153428,153430],{},[15,153429,36067],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[261,153432,153433,153435],{},[15,153434,52664],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[261,153437,2212,153438,153440],{},[15,153439,52664],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153442,361],{},[36,153444,153446],{"className":38,"code":153445,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153447,153448,153476,153480],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153449,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462,153464,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153451,124],{"class":51},[45,153453,56],{"class":55},[45,153455,9453],{"class":59},[45,153457,2366],{"class":96},[45,153459,84],{"class":59},[45,153461,6225],{"class":96},[45,153463,84],{"class":59},[45,153465,4828],{"class":96},[45,153467,84],{"class":59},[45,153469,97],{"class":96},[45,153471,84],{"class":59},[45,153473,4828],{"class":96},[45,153475,161],{"class":59},[45,153477,153478],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153479,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,153481,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502,153504],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153483,153],{"class":152},[45,153485,156],{"class":59},[45,153487,136],{"class":135},[45,153489,132],{"class":59},[45,153491,35840],{"class":135},[45,153493,156],{"class":59},[45,153495,2366],{"class":96},[45,153497,84],{"class":59},[45,153499,1049],{"class":96},[45,153501,84],{"class":59},[45,153503,2687],{"class":96},[45,153505,179],{"class":59},[20,153507,182],{},[36,153509,153510],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,153511,153512],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153513,153514],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153515,1148],{"class":96},[20,153517,153518,153519,2419,153521,17257,153523,153525,153526,132],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153520,1430],{},[15,153522,1133],{},[15,153524,2294],{},", but not ",[15,153527,2734],{},[31,153529,153531],{"id":153530},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153533,153534,153535,73],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153536,149201],{},[258,153538,153539,153547,153552,153559],{},[261,153540,153541,153542,153544,153545],{},"Do not confuse the ",[355,153543,947],{}," with the ",[355,153546,35840],{},[261,153548,153549,153550],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153551,1117],{},[261,153553,1006,153554,153558],{},[277,153555,149227,153556,994],{"href":149279},[15,153557,57295],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[261,153560,153561,153562,153564],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153563,153091],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153566,153567],{},"Example of value vs index:",[36,153569,153571],{"className":38,"code":153570,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153572,153573,153605,153609,153633],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153574,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601,153603],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153576,36234],{"class":51},[45,153578,56],{"class":55},[45,153580,9453],{"class":59},[45,153582,64],{"class":63},[45,153584,1028],{"class":67},[45,153586,64],{"class":63},[45,153588,84],{"class":59},[45,153590,76],{"class":63},[45,153592,1042],{"class":67},[45,153594,64],{"class":63},[45,153596,84],{"class":59},[45,153598,76],{"class":63},[45,153600,1056],{"class":67},[45,153602,64],{"class":63},[45,153604,161],{"class":59},[45,153606,153607],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153608,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,153610,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153612,153],{"class":152},[45,153614,156],{"class":59},[45,153616,36286],{"class":135},[45,153618,132],{"class":59},[45,153620,35840],{"class":135},[45,153622,156],{"class":59},[45,153624,64],{"class":63},[45,153626,1042],{"class":67},[45,153628,64],{"class":63},[45,153630,5582],{"class":59},[45,153632,27936],{"class":1712},[45,153634,153635,153637,153639,153641,153643,153645,153647],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,153636,153],{"class":152},[45,153638,156],{"class":59},[45,153640,36286],{"class":135},[45,153642,223],{"class":59},[45,153644,1430],{"class":96},[45,153646,20624],{"class":59},[45,153648,153649],{"class":1712},"               # banana\n",[20,153651,2408],{},[258,153653,153654,153658],{},[261,153655,153656,15440],{},[15,153657,65281],{},[261,153659,153660,153662],{},[15,153661,1430],{}," is the index",[31,153664,3061],{"id":3060},[20,153666,106125,153667,73],{},[15,153668,149201],{},[258,153670,153671,153674,153679,153684,153691],{},[261,153672,153673],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[261,153675,8670,153676,153678],{},[15,153677,58973],{}," to return all matching positions",[261,153680,153681,153682],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153683,1117],{},[261,153685,153686,153687,329,153689],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153688,36067],{},[15,153690,52664],{},[261,153692,37200,153693,153695],{},[15,153694,149201],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1398,153697,60716],{"id":60715},[20,153699,94387],{},[36,153701,153703],{"className":38,"code":153702,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153704,153705,153715,153729,153744,153762],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153706,153707,153709,153711,153713],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153708,153],{"class":152},[45,153710,156],{"class":59},[45,153712,148014],{"class":135},[45,153714,161],{"class":59},[45,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153718,153],{"class":152},[45,153720,156],{"class":59},[45,153722,11369],{"class":152},[45,153724,156],{"class":59},[45,153726,148014],{"class":135},[45,153728,179],{"class":59},[45,153730,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153742],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153732,153],{"class":152},[45,153734,156],{"class":59},[45,153736,2677],{"class":135},[45,153738,927],{"class":921},[45,153740,153741],{"class":135}," my_tuple",[45,153743,161],{"class":59},[45,153745,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,153747,153],{"class":152},[45,153749,156],{"class":59},[45,153751,148014],{"class":135},[45,153753,132],{"class":59},[45,153755,41258],{"class":135},[45,153757,156],{"class":59},[45,153759,947],{"class":135},[45,153761,179],{"class":59},[45,153763,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,153765,153],{"class":152},[45,153767,156],{"class":59},[45,153769,148014],{"class":135},[45,153771,132],{"class":59},[45,153773,35840],{"class":135},[45,153775,156],{"class":59},[45,153777,947],{"class":135},[45,153779,179],{"class":59},[20,153781,153782,153783,84404,153785,153787],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153784,40702],{},[15,153786,947],{}," is missing.",[20,153789,129631],{},[36,153791,153793],{"className":38,"code":153792,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153794,153795,153807,153825,153831],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153796,153797,153799,153801,153803,153805],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153798,7219],{"class":921},[45,153800,924],{"class":51},[45,153802,927],{"class":55},[45,153804,153741],{"class":51},[45,153806,6614],{"class":59},[45,153808,153809,153811,153813,153815,153817,153819,153821,153823],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,153810,942],{"class":152},[45,153812,156],{"class":59},[45,153814,148014],{"class":135},[45,153816,132],{"class":59},[45,153818,35840],{"class":135},[45,153820,156],{"class":59},[45,153822,947],{"class":135},[45,153824,179],{"class":59},[45,153826,153827,153829],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,153828,27590],{"class":921},[45,153830,6614],{"class":59},[45,153832,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,153834,942],{"class":152},[45,153836,156],{"class":59},[45,153838,64],{"class":63},[45,153840,153266],{"class":67},[45,153842,64],{"class":63},[45,153844,161],{"class":59},[31,153846,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,153848,2049,153850,12917],{"id":153849},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153851,149201],{},[20,153853,153854],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1398,153856,153858],{"id":153857},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153860,153861,152728],{},[15,153862,149201],{},[1398,153864,149180],{"id":149179},[20,153866,76865,153867,132],{},[15,153868,40702],{},[1398,153870,153872],{"id":153871},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153874,153875,153876,329,153878,153880],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153877,36067],{},[15,153879,52664],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1398,153882,15096,153884,57210,153886,2079],{"id":153883},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153885,149201],{},[15,153887,64872],{},[20,153889,153890],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[31,153892,2114],{"id":2113},[258,153894,153895,153901,153905,153910,153914],{},[261,153896,153897],{},[277,153898,149227,153899,994],{"href":149279},[15,153900,57295],{},[261,153902,153903],{},[277,153904,149669],{"href":153095},[261,153906,153907],{},[277,153908,153909],{"href":150975},"Creating a tuple in Python",[261,153911,153912],{},[277,153913,65846],{"href":65845},[261,153915,153916],{},[277,153917,150923],{"href":152733},[2154,153919,153920],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284,"children":153927},[153928],{"id":17576,"depth":142,"text":17577},{"id":103386,"depth":121,"text":103387},{"id":153070,"depth":121,"text":153071},{"id":65636,"depth":121,"text":65637},{"id":65413,"depth":121,"text":66196,"children":153933},[153934],{"id":153422,"depth":142,"text":153423},{"id":153530,"depth":121,"text":153531},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061,"children":153937},[153938],{"id":60715,"depth":142,"text":60716},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":153940},[153941,153943,153944,153945,153946],{"id":153849,"depth":142,"text":153942},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153857,"depth":142,"text":153858},{"id":149179,"depth":142,"text":149180},{"id":153871,"depth":142,"text":153872},{"id":153883,"depth":142,"text":153947},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152535,"description":153949},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153956,"title":153957,"body":153958,"description":155353,"extension":2195,"meta":155354,"navigation":145,"path":153095,"seo":155355,"stem":155356,"__hash__":155357},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153959,"toc":155335},[153960,153963,153966,153969,153983,153985,153988,154082,154092,154098,154102,154105,154108,154110,154128,154130,154201,154203,154220,154224,154228,154231,154248,154251,154266,154268,154359,154362,154366,154369,154386,154388,154483,154486,154489,154493,154496,154590,154592,154611,154614,154618,154621,154623,154678,154680,154715,154718,154732,154740,154833,154842,154846,154849,154856,154859,154906,154908,154916,154919,154970,154972,154989,154994,154998,155001,155004,155006,155057,155060,155115,155118,155121,155123,155126,155146,155148,155221,155224,155237,155239,155243,155248,155252,155257,155274,155278,155281,155298,155302,155305,155307,155332],[10,153961,153957],{"id":153962},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153964,153965],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153967,153968],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[258,153970,153971,153974,153977,153980],{},[261,153972,153973],{},"positive indexes",[261,153975,153976],{},"negative indexes",[261,153978,153979],{},"common indexing mistakes",[261,153981,153982],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[31,153984,3836],{"id":3835},[20,153986,153987],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[36,153989,153991],{"className":38,"code":153990,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153992,153993,154025,154029,154046,154063],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,153994,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,153996,13274],{"class":51},[45,153998,56],{"class":55},[45,154000,9453],{"class":59},[45,154002,64],{"class":63},[45,154004,13291],{"class":67},[45,154006,64],{"class":63},[45,154008,84],{"class":59},[45,154010,76],{"class":63},[45,154012,17637],{"class":67},[45,154014,64],{"class":63},[45,154016,84],{"class":59},[45,154018,76],{"class":63},[45,154020,703],{"class":67},[45,154022,64],{"class":63},[45,154024,161],{"class":59},[45,154026,154027],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154028,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154030,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154032,153],{"class":152},[45,154034,156],{"class":59},[45,154036,17684],{"class":135},[45,154038,223],{"class":59},[45,154040,1117],{"class":96},[45,154042,20624],{"class":59},[45,154044,154045],{"class":1712},"   # red\n",[45,154047,154048,154050,154052,154054,154056,154058,154060],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,154049,153],{"class":152},[45,154051,156],{"class":59},[45,154053,17684],{"class":135},[45,154055,223],{"class":59},[45,154057,1430],{"class":96},[45,154059,20624],{"class":59},[45,154061,154062],{"class":1712},"   # green\n",[45,154064,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073,154075,154077,154079],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,154066,153],{"class":152},[45,154068,156],{"class":59},[45,154070,17684],{"class":135},[45,154072,223],{"class":59},[45,154074,2254],{"class":55},[45,154076,1430],{"class":96},[45,154078,20624],{"class":59},[45,154080,154081],{"class":1712},"  # blue\n",[258,154083,154084,154089],{},[261,154085,132420,154086,154088],{},[15,154087,1117],{}," is the first item.",[261,154090,154091],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154093,154094,154095,132],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[277,154096,154097],{"href":147999},"how to create a tuple in Python",[31,154099,154101],{"id":154100},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154103,154104],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154106,154107],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154109,11663],{},[258,154111,154112,154115,154122,154125],{},[261,154113,154114],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[261,154116,154117,154118,19142,154120],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154119,1117],{},[15,154121,1430],{},[261,154123,154124],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[261,154126,154127],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154129,361],{},[36,154131,154133],{"className":38,"code":154132,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154134,154135,154155,154159,154173,154187],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154136,154137,154139,154141,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154138,3846],{"class":51},[45,154140,56],{"class":55},[45,154142,9453],{"class":59},[45,154144,2560],{"class":96},[45,154146,84],{"class":59},[45,154148,97],{"class":96},[45,154150,84],{"class":59},[45,154152,8016],{"class":96},[45,154154,161],{"class":59},[45,154156,154157],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154158,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154160,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154162,153],{"class":152},[45,154164,156],{"class":59},[45,154166,3876],{"class":135},[45,154168,223],{"class":59},[45,154170,1117],{"class":96},[45,154172,218],{"class":59},[45,154174,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,154176,153],{"class":152},[45,154178,156],{"class":59},[45,154180,3876],{"class":135},[45,154182,223],{"class":59},[45,154184,1430],{"class":96},[45,154186,218],{"class":59},[45,154188,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,154190,153],{"class":152},[45,154192,156],{"class":59},[45,154194,3876],{"class":135},[45,154196,223],{"class":59},[45,154198,1133],{"class":96},[45,154200,218],{"class":59},[20,154202,182],{},[36,154204,154206],{"className":38,"code":154205,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154207,154208,154212,154216],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154209,154210],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154211,2606],{"class":96},[45,154213,154214],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154215,71231],{"class":96},[45,154217,154218],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154219,69847],{"class":96},[20,154221,59398,154222,132],{},[277,154223,147996],{"href":147995},[31,154225,154227],{"id":154226},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154229,154230],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[258,154232,154233,154238,154243],{},[261,154234,154235,154237],{},[15,154236,1117],{}," = first item",[261,154239,154240,154242],{},[15,154241,1430],{}," = second item",[261,154244,154245,154247],{},[15,154246,1133],{}," = third item",[20,154249,154250],{},"Pattern:",[36,154252,154254],{"className":38,"code":154253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154255,154256],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154257,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154259,152751],{"class":51},[45,154261,223],{"class":59},[45,154263,35840],{"class":51},[45,154265,244],{"class":59},[20,154267,361],{},[36,154269,154271],{"className":38,"code":154270,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154272,154273,154305,154309,154326,154342],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154274,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154276,36234],{"class":51},[45,154278,56],{"class":55},[45,154280,9453],{"class":59},[45,154282,64],{"class":63},[45,154284,1028],{"class":67},[45,154286,64],{"class":63},[45,154288,84],{"class":59},[45,154290,76],{"class":63},[45,154292,1042],{"class":67},[45,154294,64],{"class":63},[45,154296,84],{"class":59},[45,154298,76],{"class":63},[45,154300,4321],{"class":67},[45,154302,64],{"class":63},[45,154304,161],{"class":59},[45,154306,154307],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154308,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154310,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319,154321,154323],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154312,153],{"class":152},[45,154314,156],{"class":59},[45,154316,36286],{"class":135},[45,154318,223],{"class":59},[45,154320,1117],{"class":96},[45,154322,20624],{"class":59},[45,154324,154325],{"class":1712},"  # apple\n",[45,154327,154328,154330,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,154329,153],{"class":152},[45,154331,156],{"class":59},[45,154333,36286],{"class":135},[45,154335,223],{"class":59},[45,154337,1430],{"class":96},[45,154339,20624],{"class":59},[45,154341,51489],{"class":1712},[45,154343,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,154345,153],{"class":152},[45,154347,156],{"class":59},[45,154349,36286],{"class":135},[45,154351,223],{"class":59},[45,154353,1133],{"class":96},[45,154355,20624],{"class":59},[45,154357,154358],{"class":1712},"  # cherry\n",[20,154360,154361],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[31,154363,154365],{"id":154364},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154367,154368],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[258,154370,154371,154376,154381],{},[261,154372,154373,154375],{},[15,154374,65861],{}," = last item",[261,154377,154378,154380],{},[15,154379,95417],{}," = second-to-last item",[261,154382,154383,154385],{},[15,154384,47672],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154387,361],{},[36,154389,154391],{"className":38,"code":154390,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154392,154393,154425,154429,154447,154465],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154394,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154396,36234],{"class":51},[45,154398,56],{"class":55},[45,154400,9453],{"class":59},[45,154402,64],{"class":63},[45,154404,1028],{"class":67},[45,154406,64],{"class":63},[45,154408,84],{"class":59},[45,154410,76],{"class":63},[45,154412,1042],{"class":67},[45,154414,64],{"class":63},[45,154416,84],{"class":59},[45,154418,76],{"class":63},[45,154420,4321],{"class":67},[45,154422,64],{"class":63},[45,154424,161],{"class":59},[45,154426,154427],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154428,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154430,154431,154433,154435,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154432,153],{"class":152},[45,154434,156],{"class":59},[45,154436,36286],{"class":135},[45,154438,223],{"class":59},[45,154440,2254],{"class":55},[45,154442,1430],{"class":96},[45,154444,20624],{"class":59},[45,154446,154358],{"class":1712},[45,154448,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,154450,153],{"class":152},[45,154452,156],{"class":59},[45,154454,36286],{"class":135},[45,154456,223],{"class":59},[45,154458,2254],{"class":55},[45,154460,1133],{"class":96},[45,154462,20624],{"class":59},[45,154464,51489],{"class":1712},[45,154466,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,154468,153],{"class":152},[45,154470,156],{"class":59},[45,154472,36286],{"class":135},[45,154474,223],{"class":59},[45,154476,2254],{"class":55},[45,154478,2294],{"class":96},[45,154480,20624],{"class":59},[45,154482,154325],{"class":1712},[20,154484,154485],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154487,154488],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[31,154490,154492],{"id":154491},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154494,154495],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[36,154497,154499],{"className":38,"code":154498,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154500,154501,154533,154537,154554,154571],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154502,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154504,5219],{"class":51},[45,154506,56],{"class":55},[45,154508,9453],{"class":59},[45,154510,64],{"class":63},[45,154512,79],{"class":67},[45,154514,64],{"class":63},[45,154516,84],{"class":59},[45,154518,76],{"class":63},[45,154520,35935],{"class":67},[45,154522,64],{"class":63},[45,154524,84],{"class":59},[45,154526,76],{"class":63},[45,154528,35944],{"class":67},[45,154530,64],{"class":63},[45,154532,161],{"class":59},[45,154534,154535],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154536,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154538,154539,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154540,153],{"class":152},[45,154542,156],{"class":59},[45,154544,5263],{"class":135},[45,154546,223],{"class":59},[45,154548,1117],{"class":96},[45,154550,20624],{"class":59},[45,154552,154553],{"class":1712},"   # first item\n",[45,154555,154556,154558,154560,154562,154564,154566,154568],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,154557,153],{"class":152},[45,154559,156],{"class":59},[45,154561,5263],{"class":135},[45,154563,223],{"class":59},[45,154565,1430],{"class":96},[45,154567,20624],{"class":59},[45,154569,154570],{"class":1712},"   # middle item\n",[45,154572,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,154574,153],{"class":152},[45,154576,156],{"class":59},[45,154578,5263],{"class":135},[45,154580,223],{"class":59},[45,154582,2254],{"class":55},[45,154584,1430],{"class":96},[45,154586,20624],{"class":59},[45,154588,154589],{"class":1712},"  # last item\n",[20,154591,182],{},[36,154593,154595],{"className":38,"code":154594,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154596,154597,154601,154606],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154598,154599],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154600,50042],{"class":51},[45,154602,154603],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154604,154605],{"class":51},"Ben\n",[45,154607,154608],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154609,154610],{"class":51},"Cara\n",[20,154612,154613],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[31,154615,154617],{"id":154616},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154619,154620],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154622,361],{},[36,154624,154626],{"className":38,"code":154625,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154627,154628,154660,154664],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154629,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646,154648,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154631,36085],{"class":51},[45,154633,56],{"class":55},[45,154635,9453],{"class":59},[45,154637,64],{"class":63},[45,154639,277],{"class":67},[45,154641,64],{"class":63},[45,154643,84],{"class":59},[45,154645,76],{"class":63},[45,154647,1930],{"class":67},[45,154649,64],{"class":63},[45,154651,84],{"class":59},[45,154653,76],{"class":63},[45,154655,9951],{"class":67},[45,154657,64],{"class":63},[45,154659,161],{"class":59},[45,154661,154662],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154663,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154665,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154667,153],{"class":152},[45,154669,156],{"class":59},[45,154671,36138],{"class":135},[45,154673,223],{"class":59},[45,154675,2366],{"class":96},[45,154677,218],{"class":59},[20,154679,182],{},[36,154681,154683],{"className":38,"code":154682,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154684,154685,154697,154702],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154686,154687,154690,154692,154695],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154688,154689],{"class":135},"Traceback ",[45,154691,156],{"class":59},[45,154693,154694],{"class":135},"most recent call last",[45,154696,8559],{"class":59},[45,154698,154699],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154700,154701],{"class":34445},"  ...\n",[45,154703,154704,154706,154708,154710,154713],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154705,70738],{"class":171},[45,154707,73],{"class":59},[45,154709,149362],{"class":171},[45,154711,154712],{"class":51}," index out of ",[45,154714,70930],{"class":152},[20,154716,154717],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[258,154719,154720,154724,154728],{},[261,154721,154722],{},[15,154723,1117],{},[261,154725,154726],{},[15,154727,1430],{},[261,154729,154730],{},[15,154731,1133],{},[20,154733,154734,154735,132],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[277,154736,154737,154739],{"href":149234},[15,154738,42360],{}," on a tuple",[36,154741,154743],{"className":38,"code":154742,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154744,154745,154777,154781,154797,154801,154819],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154746,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763,154765,154767,154769,154771,154773,154775],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154748,36085],{"class":51},[45,154750,56],{"class":55},[45,154752,9453],{"class":59},[45,154754,64],{"class":63},[45,154756,277],{"class":67},[45,154758,64],{"class":63},[45,154760,84],{"class":59},[45,154762,76],{"class":63},[45,154764,1930],{"class":67},[45,154766,64],{"class":63},[45,154768,84],{"class":59},[45,154770,76],{"class":63},[45,154772,9951],{"class":67},[45,154774,64],{"class":63},[45,154776,161],{"class":59},[45,154778,154779],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154780,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154782,154783,154785,154787,154789,154791,154793,154795],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154784,153],{"class":152},[45,154786,156],{"class":59},[45,154788,11369],{"class":152},[45,154790,156],{"class":59},[45,154792,36138],{"class":135},[45,154794,5582],{"class":59},[45,154796,50773],{"class":1712},[45,154798,154799],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,154800,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154802,154803,154805,154807,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,154804,7219],{"class":921},[45,154806,38383],{"class":152},[45,154808,156],{"class":59},[45,154810,36138],{"class":135},[45,154812,3889],{"class":59},[45,154814,38393],{"class":55},[45,154816,1035],{"class":96},[45,154818,6614],{"class":59},[45,154820,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,154822,942],{"class":152},[45,154824,156],{"class":59},[45,154826,36138],{"class":135},[45,154828,223],{"class":59},[45,154830,1133],{"class":96},[45,154832,218],{"class":59},[20,154834,154835,154836,132],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[277,154837,1495,154839],{"href":154838},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154840,154841],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[31,154843,154845],{"id":154844},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154847,154848],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[258,154850,154851,154853],{},[261,154852,76882],{},[261,154854,154855],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154857,154858],{},"Indexing example:",[36,154860,154862],{"className":38,"code":154861,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154863,154864,154888,154892],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154865,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154867,3846],{"class":51},[45,154869,56],{"class":55},[45,154871,9453],{"class":59},[45,154873,2560],{"class":96},[45,154875,84],{"class":59},[45,154877,97],{"class":96},[45,154879,84],{"class":59},[45,154881,8016],{"class":96},[45,154883,84],{"class":59},[45,154885,50846],{"class":96},[45,154887,161],{"class":59},[45,154889,154890],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154891,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154893,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154895,153],{"class":152},[45,154897,156],{"class":59},[45,154899,3876],{"class":135},[45,154901,223],{"class":59},[45,154903,1430],{"class":96},[45,154905,218],{"class":59},[20,154907,182],{},[36,154909,154910],{"className":38,"code":71231,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,154911,154912],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154913,154914],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154915,71231],{"class":96},[20,154917,154918],{},"Slicing example:",[36,154920,154922],{"className":38,"code":154921,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154923,154924,154948,154952],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154925,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938,154940,154942,154944,154946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154927,3846],{"class":51},[45,154929,56],{"class":55},[45,154931,9453],{"class":59},[45,154933,2560],{"class":96},[45,154935,84],{"class":59},[45,154937,97],{"class":96},[45,154939,84],{"class":59},[45,154941,8016],{"class":96},[45,154943,84],{"class":59},[45,154945,50846],{"class":96},[45,154947,161],{"class":59},[45,154949,154950],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,154951,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,154953,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,154955,153],{"class":152},[45,154957,156],{"class":59},[45,154959,3876],{"class":135},[45,154961,223],{"class":59},[45,154963,1430],{"class":96},[45,154965,73],{"class":59},[45,154967,2294],{"class":96},[45,154969,218],{"class":59},[20,154971,182],{},[36,154973,154975],{"className":38,"code":154974,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154976,154977],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,154978,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,154980,156],{"class":59},[45,154982,15948],{"class":96},[45,154984,84],{"class":59},[45,154986,8016],{"class":96},[45,154988,161],{"class":59},[20,154990,154991,154992,132],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[277,154993,150913],{"href":150912},[31,154995,154997],{"id":154996},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154999,155000],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,155002,155003],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,155005,6909],{},[36,155007,155009],{"className":38,"code":155008,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,155010,155011,155043],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155012,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029,155031,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155014,13274],{"class":51},[45,155016,56],{"class":55},[45,155018,9453],{"class":59},[45,155020,64],{"class":63},[45,155022,13291],{"class":67},[45,155024,64],{"class":63},[45,155026,84],{"class":59},[45,155028,76],{"class":63},[45,155030,17637],{"class":67},[45,155032,64],{"class":63},[45,155034,84],{"class":59},[45,155036,76],{"class":63},[45,155038,703],{"class":67},[45,155040,64],{"class":63},[45,155042,161],{"class":59},[45,155044,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155046,153],{"class":152},[45,155048,156],{"class":59},[45,155050,17684],{"class":135},[45,155052,223],{"class":59},[45,155054,1430],{"class":96},[45,155056,218],{"class":59},[20,155058,155059],{},"But this does not work:",[36,155061,155063],{"className":38,"code":155062,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155064,155065,155097],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155066,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155068,13274],{"class":51},[45,155070,56],{"class":55},[45,155072,9453],{"class":59},[45,155074,64],{"class":63},[45,155076,13291],{"class":67},[45,155078,64],{"class":63},[45,155080,84],{"class":59},[45,155082,76],{"class":63},[45,155084,17637],{"class":67},[45,155086,64],{"class":63},[45,155088,84],{"class":59},[45,155090,76],{"class":63},[45,155092,703],{"class":67},[45,155094,64],{"class":63},[45,155096,161],{"class":59},[45,155098,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111,155113],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155100,17684],{"class":51},[45,155102,223],{"class":59},[45,155104,1430],{"class":96},[45,155106,457],{"class":59},[45,155108,460],{"class":55},[45,155110,76],{"class":63},[45,155112,22698],{"class":67},[45,155114,468],{"class":63},[20,155116,155117],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155119,155120],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[31,155122,3061],{"id":3060},[20,155124,155125],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[258,155127,155128,155134,155137,155140],{},[261,155129,132724,155130,1800,155132],{},[15,155131,1430],{},[15,155133,1117],{},[261,155135,155136],{},"Using an index that is too large",[261,155138,155139],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[261,155141,155142,155143],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155144,155145],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155147,62301],{},[36,155149,155151],{"className":38,"code":155150,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155152,155153,155163,155177,155191,155207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155154,155155,155157,155159,155161],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155156,153],{"class":152},[45,155158,156],{"class":59},[45,155160,148014],{"class":135},[45,155162,161],{"class":59},[45,155164,155165,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155166,153],{"class":152},[45,155168,156],{"class":59},[45,155170,11369],{"class":152},[45,155172,156],{"class":59},[45,155174,148014],{"class":135},[45,155176,179],{"class":59},[45,155178,155179,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,155180,153],{"class":152},[45,155182,156],{"class":59},[45,155184,148014],{"class":135},[45,155186,223],{"class":59},[45,155188,1117],{"class":96},[45,155190,218],{"class":59},[45,155192,155193,155195,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,155194,153],{"class":152},[45,155196,156],{"class":59},[45,155198,148014],{"class":135},[45,155200,223],{"class":59},[45,155202,2254],{"class":55},[45,155204,1430],{"class":96},[45,155206,218],{"class":59},[45,155208,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,155210,153],{"class":152},[45,155212,156],{"class":59},[45,155214,1478],{"class":171},[45,155216,156],{"class":59},[45,155218,148014],{"class":135},[45,155220,179],{"class":59},[20,155222,155223],{},"These can help you confirm:",[258,155225,155226,155229,155231,155234],{},[261,155227,155228],{},"what the tuple contains",[261,155230,60790],{},[261,155232,155233],{},"what the first and last items are",[261,155235,155236],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[31,155238,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,155240,155242],{"id":155241},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155244,155245,155246,132],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155247,1117],{},[1398,155249,155251],{"id":155250},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155253,1006,155254,155256],{},[15,155255,65861],{}," as the index:",[36,155258,155260],{"className":38,"code":155259,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155261,155262],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155263,155264,155266,155268,155270,155272],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155265,148014],{"class":51},[45,155267,223],{"class":59},[45,155269,2254],{"class":55},[45,155271,1430],{"class":96},[45,155273,244],{"class":59},[1398,155275,155277],{"id":155276},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155279,155280],{},"Python raises:",[36,155282,155284],{"className":38,"code":155283,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155285,155286],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155287,155288,155290,155292,155294,155296],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155289,70738],{"class":171},[45,155291,73],{"class":59},[45,155293,149362],{"class":171},[45,155295,154712],{"class":51},[45,155297,70930],{"class":152},[1398,155299,155301],{"id":155300},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155303,155304],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[31,155306,2114],{"id":2113},[258,155308,155309,155314,155318,155322,155328],{},[261,155310,155311],{},[277,155312,155313],{"href":147999},"How to create a tuple in Python",[261,155315,155316],{},[277,155317,150913],{"href":150912},[261,155319,155320],{},[277,155321,150918],{"href":149234},[261,155323,155324],{},[277,155325,26278,155326],{"href":154838},[15,155327,154841],{},[261,155329,155330],{},[277,155331,147996],{"href":147995},[2154,155333,155334],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":155336},[155337,155338,155339,155340,155341,155342,155343,155344,155345,155346,155352],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":154100,"depth":121,"text":154101},{"id":154226,"depth":121,"text":154227},{"id":154364,"depth":121,"text":154365},{"id":154491,"depth":121,"text":154492},{"id":154616,"depth":121,"text":154617},{"id":154844,"depth":121,"text":154845},{"id":154996,"depth":121,"text":154997},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":155347},[155348,155349,155350,155351],{"id":155241,"depth":142,"text":155242},{"id":155250,"depth":142,"text":155251},{"id":155276,"depth":142,"text":155277},{"id":155300,"depth":142,"text":155301},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153957,"description":155353},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155359,"title":155360,"body":155361,"description":157250,"extension":2195,"meta":157251,"navigation":145,"path":157252,"seo":157253,"stem":157254,"__hash__":157255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155362,"toc":157207},[155363,155369,155374,155425,155429,155437,155443,155445,155461,155463,155466,155481,155483,155496,155498,155555,155559,155567,155574,155580,155586,155590,155641,155645,155653,155657,155686,155690,155698,155702,155735,155739,155747,155751,155754,155805,155809,155817,155819,155836,155840,155844,155903,155907,155915,155918,155945,155949,155957,155961,155967,156042,156046,156083,156091,156095,156158,156162,156170,156175,156179,156185,156228,156232,156240,156246,156249,156296,156300,156308,156317,156323,156378,156382,156390,156393,156397,156399,156430,156434,156453,156456,156501,156505,156528,156534,156539,156541,156588,156593,156596,156644,156648,156656,156660,156665,156669,156719,156723,156738,156742,156800,156804,156819,156823,156894,156898,156907,156911,156990,156994,157016,157024,157026,157029,157054,157056,157109,157111,157128,157130,157134,157140,157145,157150,157154,157159,157163,157168,157174,157177,157179,157204],[10,155364,155366,155367,3889],{"id":155365},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155368,11369],{},[20,155370,1006,155371,155373],{},[15,155372,42360],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[36,155375,155377],{"className":38,"code":155376,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155378,155379,155411],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155380,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155382,13274],{"class":51},[45,155384,56],{"class":55},[45,155386,9453],{"class":59},[45,155388,64],{"class":63},[45,155390,13291],{"class":67},[45,155392,64],{"class":63},[45,155394,84],{"class":59},[45,155396,76],{"class":63},[45,155398,17637],{"class":67},[45,155400,64],{"class":63},[45,155402,84],{"class":59},[45,155404,76],{"class":63},[45,155406,703],{"class":67},[45,155408,64],{"class":63},[45,155410,161],{"class":59},[45,155412,155413,155415,155417,155419,155421,155423],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155414,153],{"class":152},[45,155416,156],{"class":59},[45,155418,11369],{"class":152},[45,155420,156],{"class":59},[45,155422,17684],{"class":135},[45,155424,179],{"class":59},[20,155426,155427],{},[355,155428,182],{},[36,155430,155431],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155432,155433],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155434,155435],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155436,46618],{"class":96},[20,155438,1006,155439,155442],{},[15,155440,155441],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[31,155444,15356],{"id":15355},[258,155446,155447,155452,155456,155459],{},[261,155448,4423,155449,155451],{},[15,155450,42360],{}," works with tuples",[261,155453,68265,155454,342],{},[15,155455,42360],{},[261,155457,155458],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[261,155460,1391],{},[31,155462,284],{"id":283},[20,155464,155465],{},"Use this pattern:",[36,155467,155469],{"className":38,"code":155468,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155470,155471],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155472,155473,155475,155477,155479],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155474,11369],{"class":152},[45,155476,156],{"class":59},[45,155478,148014],{"class":135},[45,155480,161],{"class":59},[20,155482,11663],{},[258,155484,155485,155488,155491],{},[261,155486,155487],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[261,155489,155490],{},"The result is an integer",[261,155492,155493,155495],{},[15,155494,42360],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155497,361],{},[36,155499,155501],{"className":38,"code":155500,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155502,155503,155527,155541,155545],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155504,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155506,3846],{"class":51},[45,155508,56],{"class":55},[45,155510,9453],{"class":59},[45,155512,2560],{"class":96},[45,155514,84],{"class":59},[45,155516,97],{"class":96},[45,155518,84],{"class":59},[45,155520,8016],{"class":96},[45,155522,84],{"class":59},[45,155524,50846],{"class":96},[45,155526,161],{"class":59},[45,155528,155529,155531,155533,155535,155537,155539],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155530,41240],{"class":51},[45,155532,56],{"class":55},[45,155534,38383],{"class":152},[45,155536,156],{"class":59},[45,155538,3876],{"class":135},[45,155540,161],{"class":59},[45,155542,155543],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,155544,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,155546,155547,155549,155551,155553],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,155548,153],{"class":152},[45,155550,156],{"class":59},[45,155552,41258],{"class":135},[45,155554,161],{"class":59},[20,155556,155557],{},[355,155558,182],{},[36,155560,155561],{"className":38,"code":48652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155562,155563],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155564,155565],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155566,48652],{"class":96},[20,155568,155569,155570,132],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[277,155571,3802,155572,3735],{"href":42357},[15,155573,42360],{},[31,155575,253,155577,155579],{"id":155576},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155578,42360],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155581,155582,155583,155585],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155584,42360],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1398,155587,155589],{"id":155588},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[36,155591,155593],{"className":38,"code":155592,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155594,155595,155627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155596,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155598,36234],{"class":51},[45,155600,56],{"class":55},[45,155602,9453],{"class":59},[45,155604,64],{"class":63},[45,155606,1028],{"class":67},[45,155608,64],{"class":63},[45,155610,84],{"class":59},[45,155612,76],{"class":63},[45,155614,1042],{"class":67},[45,155616,64],{"class":63},[45,155618,84],{"class":59},[45,155620,76],{"class":63},[45,155622,1056],{"class":67},[45,155624,64],{"class":63},[45,155626,161],{"class":59},[45,155628,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155630,153],{"class":152},[45,155632,156],{"class":59},[45,155634,11369],{"class":152},[45,155636,156],{"class":59},[45,155638,36286],{"class":135},[45,155640,179],{"class":59},[20,155642,155643],{},[355,155644,182],{},[36,155646,155647],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155648,155649],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155650,155651],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155652,46618],{"class":96},[1398,155654,155656],{"id":155655},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[36,155658,155660],{"className":38,"code":155659,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155661,155662,155671],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155663,155664,155667,155669],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155665,155666],{"class":51},"empty_tuple ",[45,155668,56],{"class":55},[45,155670,149338],{"class":59},[45,155672,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155684],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155674,153],{"class":152},[45,155676,156],{"class":59},[45,155678,11369],{"class":152},[45,155680,156],{"class":59},[45,155682,155683],{"class":135},"empty_tuple",[45,155685,179],{"class":59},[20,155687,155688],{},[355,155689,182],{},[36,155691,155692],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155693,155694],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155695,155696],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155697,47253],{"class":96},[1398,155699,155701],{"id":155700},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[36,155703,155705],{"className":38,"code":155704,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155706,155707,155720],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155708,155709,155712,155714,155716,155718],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155710,155711],{"class":51},"single_value ",[45,155713,56],{"class":55},[45,155715,9453],{"class":59},[45,155717,2366],{"class":96},[45,155719,149352],{"class":59},[45,155721,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155733],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155723,153],{"class":152},[45,155725,156],{"class":59},[45,155727,11369],{"class":152},[45,155729,156],{"class":59},[45,155731,155732],{"class":135},"single_value",[45,155734,179],{"class":59},[20,155736,155737],{},[355,155738,182],{},[36,155740,155741],{"className":38,"code":46918,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155742,155743],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155744,155745],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155746,46918],{"class":96},[1398,155748,155750],{"id":155749},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155752,155753],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[36,155755,155757],{"className":38,"code":155756,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155758,155759,155791],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155760,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155762,1909],{"class":51},[45,155764,56],{"class":55},[45,155766,9453],{"class":59},[45,155768,1430],{"class":96},[45,155770,84],{"class":59},[45,155772,9453],{"class":59},[45,155774,1133],{"class":96},[45,155776,84],{"class":59},[45,155778,1063],{"class":96},[45,155780,9450],{"class":59},[45,155782,1427],{"class":59},[45,155784,2734],{"class":96},[45,155786,84],{"class":59},[45,155788,4828],{"class":96},[45,155790,218],{"class":59},[45,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155794,153],{"class":152},[45,155796,156],{"class":59},[45,155798,11369],{"class":152},[45,155800,156],{"class":59},[45,155802,1947],{"class":135},[45,155804,179],{"class":59},[20,155806,155807],{},[355,155808,182],{},[36,155810,155811],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155812,155813],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155814,155815],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155816,46618],{"class":96},[20,155818,20135],{},[258,155820,155821,155826,155831],{},[261,155822,155823,155825],{},[15,155824,1430],{}," is one item",[261,155827,155828,155825],{},[15,155829,155830],{},"(2, 3)",[261,155832,155833,155825],{},[15,155834,155835],{},"[4, 5]",[31,155837,155839],{"id":155838},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1398,155841,155843],{"id":155842},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[36,155845,155847],{"className":38,"code":155846,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155848,155849,155889],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155850,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155852,13274],{"class":51},[45,155854,56],{"class":55},[45,155856,9453],{"class":59},[45,155858,64],{"class":63},[45,155860,13291],{"class":67},[45,155862,64],{"class":63},[45,155864,84],{"class":59},[45,155866,76],{"class":63},[45,155868,17637],{"class":67},[45,155870,64],{"class":63},[45,155872,84],{"class":59},[45,155874,76],{"class":63},[45,155876,703],{"class":67},[45,155878,64],{"class":63},[45,155880,84],{"class":59},[45,155882,76],{"class":63},[45,155884,22698],{"class":67},[45,155886,64],{"class":63},[45,155888,161],{"class":59},[45,155890,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155892,153],{"class":152},[45,155894,156],{"class":59},[45,155896,11369],{"class":152},[45,155898,156],{"class":59},[45,155900,17684],{"class":135},[45,155902,179],{"class":59},[20,155904,155905],{},[355,155906,182],{},[36,155908,155909],{"className":38,"code":48652,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155910,155911],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155912,155913],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155914,48652],{"class":96},[1398,155916,155656],{"id":155917},"empty-tuple-1",[36,155919,155921],{"className":38,"code":155920,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155922,155923,155931],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155924,155925,155927,155929],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155926,8001],{"class":51},[45,155928,56],{"class":55},[45,155930,149338],{"class":59},[45,155932,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941,155943],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155934,153],{"class":152},[45,155936,156],{"class":59},[45,155938,11369],{"class":152},[45,155940,156],{"class":59},[45,155942,1289],{"class":135},[45,155944,179],{"class":59},[20,155946,155947],{},[355,155948,182],{},[36,155950,155951],{"className":38,"code":47253,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,155952,155953],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155954,155955],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155956,47253],{"class":96},[1398,155958,155960],{"id":155959},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155962,155963,155964,155966],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[355,155965,4854],{}," always a tuple.",[36,155968,155970],{"className":38,"code":155969,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155971,155972,155984,155996,156000,156014,156028],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,155973,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,155975,2784],{"class":51},[45,155977,56],{"class":55},[45,155979,9453],{"class":59},[45,155981,2366],{"class":96},[45,155983,161],{"class":59},[45,155985,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,155987,2812],{"class":51},[45,155989,56],{"class":55},[45,155991,9453],{"class":59},[45,155993,2366],{"class":96},[45,155995,149352],{"class":59},[45,155997,155998],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,155999,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,156001,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,156003,153],{"class":152},[45,156005,156],{"class":59},[45,156007,1478],{"class":171},[45,156009,156],{"class":59},[45,156011,277],{"class":135},[45,156013,179],{"class":59},[45,156015,156016,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,156017,153],{"class":152},[45,156019,156],{"class":59},[45,156021,1478],{"class":171},[45,156023,156],{"class":59},[45,156025,1930],{"class":135},[45,156027,179],{"class":59},[45,156029,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038,156040],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,156031,153],{"class":152},[45,156033,156],{"class":59},[45,156035,11369],{"class":152},[45,156037,156],{"class":59},[45,156039,1930],{"class":135},[45,156041,179],{"class":59},[20,156043,156044],{},[355,156045,182],{},[36,156047,156049],{"className":38,"code":156048,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156050,156051,156065,156079],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156052,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156054,1594],{"class":55},[45,156056,1598],{"class":1597},[45,156058,211],{"class":63},[45,156060,2418],{"class":67},[45,156062,198],{"class":63},[45,156064,1607],{"class":55},[45,156066,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156068,1594],{"class":55},[45,156070,1598],{"class":1597},[45,156072,211],{"class":63},[45,156074,48955],{"class":67},[45,156076,198],{"class":63},[45,156078,1607],{"class":55},[45,156080,156081],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156082,46918],{"class":96},[20,156084,156085,156086,329,156089,132],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[277,156087,156088],{"href":147999},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[277,156090,149300],{"href":149299},[1398,156092,156094],{"id":156093},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[36,156096,156098],{"className":38,"code":156097,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156099,156100,156144],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156101,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156103,59478],{"class":51},[45,156105,56],{"class":55},[45,156107,9453],{"class":59},[45,156109,64],{"class":63},[45,156111,1028],{"class":67},[45,156113,64],{"class":63},[45,156115,84],{"class":59},[45,156117,1427],{"class":59},[45,156119,1430],{"class":96},[45,156121,84],{"class":59},[45,156123,1035],{"class":96},[45,156125,18243],{"class":59},[45,156127,9453],{"class":59},[45,156129,64],{"class":63},[45,156131,2403],{"class":67},[45,156133,64],{"class":63},[45,156135,84],{"class":59},[45,156137,76],{"class":63},[45,156139,11946],{"class":67},[45,156141,64],{"class":63},[45,156143,179],{"class":59},[45,156145,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154,156156],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156147,153],{"class":152},[45,156149,156],{"class":59},[45,156151,11369],{"class":152},[45,156153,156],{"class":59},[45,156155,59531],{"class":135},[45,156157,179],{"class":59},[20,156159,156160],{},[355,156161,182],{},[36,156163,156164],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,156165,156166],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156167,156168],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156169,46618],{"class":96},[20,156171,156172,156174],{},[15,156173,42360],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[31,156176,156178],{"id":156177},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1398,156180,156182,156184],{"id":156181},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156183,42360],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[36,156186,156188],{"className":38,"code":156187,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156189,156190,156214],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156193,4296],{"class":51},[45,156195,56],{"class":55},[45,156197,9453],{"class":59},[45,156199,64],{"class":63},[45,156201,63602],{"class":67},[45,156203,64],{"class":63},[45,156205,84],{"class":59},[45,156207,76],{"class":63},[45,156209,40],{"class":67},[45,156211,64],{"class":63},[45,156213,161],{"class":59},[45,156215,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156217,153],{"class":152},[45,156219,156],{"class":59},[45,156221,11369],{"class":152},[45,156223,156],{"class":59},[45,156225,4338],{"class":135},[45,156227,179],{"class":59},[20,156229,156230],{},[355,156231,182],{},[36,156233,156234],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,156235,156236],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156237,156238],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156239,1148],{"class":96},[20,156241,156242,156243,156245],{},"This result is ",[15,156244,1133],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156247,156248],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[36,156250,156252],{"className":38,"code":156251,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156253,156254,156278],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156255,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264,156266,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156257,4296],{"class":51},[45,156259,56],{"class":55},[45,156261,9453],{"class":59},[45,156263,64],{"class":63},[45,156265,63602],{"class":67},[45,156267,64],{"class":63},[45,156269,84],{"class":59},[45,156271,76],{"class":63},[45,156273,40],{"class":67},[45,156275,64],{"class":63},[45,156277,161],{"class":59},[45,156279,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156294],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156281,153],{"class":152},[45,156283,156],{"class":59},[45,156285,11369],{"class":152},[45,156287,156],{"class":59},[45,156289,4338],{"class":135},[45,156291,223],{"class":59},[45,156293,1117],{"class":96},[45,156295,3229],{"class":59},[20,156297,156298],{},[355,156299,182],{},[36,156301,156302],{"className":38,"code":1148,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,156303,156304],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156305,156306],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156307,1148],{"class":96},[20,156309,20949,156310,156313,156314,132],{},[15,156311,156312],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156315,156316],{},"\"hi\"",[1398,156318,156320,156322],{"id":156319},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156321,42360],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[36,156324,156326],{"className":38,"code":156325,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156327,156328,156364],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156329,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156331,124],{"class":51},[45,156333,56],{"class":55},[45,156335,10207],{"class":59},[45,156337,1430],{"class":96},[45,156339,84],{"class":59},[45,156341,1035],{"class":96},[45,156343,9450],{"class":59},[45,156345,9453],{"class":59},[45,156347,2294],{"class":96},[45,156349,84],{"class":59},[45,156351,2687],{"class":96},[45,156353,9450],{"class":59},[45,156355,9453],{"class":59},[45,156357,2366],{"class":96},[45,156359,84],{"class":59},[45,156361,37640],{"class":96},[45,156363,179],{"class":59},[45,156365,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156367,153],{"class":152},[45,156369,156],{"class":59},[45,156371,11369],{"class":152},[45,156373,156],{"class":59},[45,156375,136],{"class":135},[45,156377,179],{"class":59},[20,156379,156380],{},[355,156381,182],{},[36,156383,156384],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,156385,156386],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156387,156388],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156389,46618],{"class":96},[20,156391,156392],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1398,156394,156396],{"id":156395},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156398,25848],{},[36,156400,156402],{"className":38,"code":156401,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156403,156404,156416],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156405,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156407,2677],{"class":51},[45,156409,56],{"class":55},[45,156411,9453],{"class":59},[45,156413,2560],{"class":96},[45,156415,161],{"class":59},[45,156417,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156419,153],{"class":152},[45,156421,156],{"class":59},[45,156423,1478],{"class":171},[45,156425,156],{"class":59},[45,156427,947],{"class":135},[45,156429,179],{"class":59},[20,156431,156432],{},[355,156433,182],{},[36,156435,156437],{"className":38,"code":156436,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156438,156439],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156440,156441,156443,156445,156447,156449,156451],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156442,1594],{"class":55},[45,156444,1598],{"class":1597},[45,156446,211],{"class":63},[45,156448,2418],{"class":67},[45,156450,198],{"class":63},[45,156452,1607],{"class":55},[20,156454,156455],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[36,156457,156459],{"className":38,"code":156458,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156460,156461,156473,156487],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156464,2677],{"class":51},[45,156466,56],{"class":55},[45,156468,9453],{"class":59},[45,156470,2560],{"class":96},[45,156472,149352],{"class":59},[45,156474,156475,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156476,153],{"class":152},[45,156478,156],{"class":59},[45,156480,1478],{"class":171},[45,156482,156],{"class":59},[45,156484,947],{"class":135},[45,156486,179],{"class":59},[45,156488,156489,156491,156493,156495,156497,156499],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156490,153],{"class":152},[45,156492,156],{"class":59},[45,156494,11369],{"class":152},[45,156496,156],{"class":59},[45,156498,947],{"class":135},[45,156500,179],{"class":59},[20,156502,156503],{},[355,156504,182],{},[36,156506,156508],{"className":38,"code":156507,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156509,156510,156524],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156511,156512,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156513,1594],{"class":55},[45,156515,1598],{"class":1597},[45,156517,211],{"class":63},[45,156519,48955],{"class":67},[45,156521,198],{"class":63},[45,156523,1607],{"class":55},[45,156525,156526],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156527,46918],{"class":96},[1398,156529,156531,156533],{"id":156530},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156532,11369],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156535,44429,156536,156538],{},[15,156537,11369],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156540,44460],{},[36,156542,156544],{"className":38,"code":156543,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156545,156546,156554,156574],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156547,156548,156550,156552],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156549,11369],{"class":152},[45,156551,460],{"class":55},[45,156553,2817],{"class":96},[45,156555,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156557,3846],{"class":51},[45,156559,56],{"class":55},[45,156561,9453],{"class":59},[45,156563,1430],{"class":96},[45,156565,84],{"class":59},[45,156567,1035],{"class":96},[45,156569,84],{"class":59},[45,156571,1063],{"class":96},[45,156573,161],{"class":59},[45,156575,156576,156578,156580,156582,156584,156586],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156577,153],{"class":152},[45,156579,156],{"class":59},[45,156581,11369],{"class":152},[45,156583,156],{"class":59},[45,156585,3876],{"class":135},[45,156587,179],{"class":59},[20,156589,39651,156590,156592],{},[15,156591,11369],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156594,156595],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[36,156597,156599],{"className":38,"code":156598,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156600,156601,156610,156630],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156602,156603,156606,156608],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156604,156605],{"class":51},"length_value ",[45,156607,56],{"class":55},[45,156609,2817],{"class":96},[45,156611,156612,156614,156616,156618,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156613,3846],{"class":51},[45,156615,56],{"class":55},[45,156617,9453],{"class":59},[45,156619,1430],{"class":96},[45,156621,84],{"class":59},[45,156623,1035],{"class":96},[45,156625,84],{"class":59},[45,156627,1063],{"class":96},[45,156629,161],{"class":59},[45,156631,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156633,153],{"class":152},[45,156635,156],{"class":59},[45,156637,11369],{"class":152},[45,156639,156],{"class":59},[45,156641,3876],{"class":135},[45,156643,179],{"class":59},[20,156645,156646],{},[355,156647,182],{},[36,156649,156650],{"className":38,"code":46618,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,156651,156652],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156653,156654],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156655,46618],{"class":96},[31,156657,156659],{"id":156658},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156661,156662,156664],{},[15,156663,42360],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1398,156666,156668],{"id":156667},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[36,156670,156672],{"className":38,"code":156671,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156673,156674,156682,156686,156704],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156675,156676,156678,156680],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156677,8001],{"class":51},[45,156679,56],{"class":55},[45,156681,149338],{"class":59},[45,156683,156684],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156685,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,156687,156688,156690,156692,156694,156696,156698,156700,156702],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156689,7219],{"class":921},[45,156691,38383],{"class":152},[45,156693,156],{"class":59},[45,156695,1289],{"class":135},[45,156697,3889],{"class":59},[45,156699,6629],{"class":55},[45,156701,4061],{"class":96},[45,156703,6614],{"class":59},[45,156705,156706,156708,156710,156712,156715,156717],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,156707,942],{"class":152},[45,156709,156],{"class":59},[45,156711,64],{"class":63},[45,156713,156714],{"class":67},"The tuple is empty",[45,156716,64],{"class":63},[45,156718,161],{"class":59},[20,156720,156721],{},[355,156722,182],{},[36,156724,156726],{"className":38,"code":156725,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156727,156728],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156729,156730,156732,156734,156736],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156731,2212],{"class":51},[45,156733,48955],{"class":171},[45,156735,8315],{"class":55},[45,156737,8321],{"class":51},[1398,156739,156741],{"id":156740},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[36,156743,156745],{"className":38,"code":156744,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156746,156747,156763,156767,156785],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156748,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156750,51388],{"class":51},[45,156752,56],{"class":55},[45,156754,9453],{"class":59},[45,156756,2734],{"class":96},[45,156758,84],{"class":59},[45,156760,6214],{"class":96},[45,156762,161],{"class":59},[45,156764,156765],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156766,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,156768,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781,156783],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156770,7219],{"class":921},[45,156772,38383],{"class":152},[45,156774,156],{"class":59},[45,156776,51413],{"class":135},[45,156778,3889],{"class":59},[45,156780,6629],{"class":55},[45,156782,1035],{"class":96},[45,156784,6614],{"class":59},[45,156786,156787,156789,156791,156793,156796,156798],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,156788,942],{"class":152},[45,156790,156],{"class":59},[45,156792,64],{"class":63},[45,156794,156795],{"class":67},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[45,156797,64],{"class":63},[45,156799,161],{"class":59},[20,156801,156802],{},[355,156803,182],{},[36,156805,156807],{"className":38,"code":156806,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156808,156809],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156810,156811,156814,156816],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156812,156813],{"class":51},"This looks like an x",[45,156815,84],{"class":59},[45,156817,156818],{"class":51}," y coordinate\n",[1398,156820,156822],{"id":156821},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[36,156824,156826],{"className":38,"code":156825,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156827,156828,156857,156861,156879],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156829,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156853,156855],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156831,11690],{"class":51},[45,156833,56],{"class":55},[45,156835,9453],{"class":59},[45,156837,64],{"class":63},[45,156839,79],{"class":67},[45,156841,64],{"class":63},[45,156843,84],{"class":59},[45,156845,403],{"class":96},[45,156847,84],{"class":59},[45,156849,76],{"class":63},[45,156851,156852],{"class":67},"Canada",[45,156854,64],{"class":63},[45,156856,161],{"class":59},[45,156858,156859],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156860,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,156862,156863,156865,156867,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156864,7219],{"class":921},[45,156866,38383],{"class":152},[45,156868,156],{"class":59},[45,156870,11784],{"class":135},[45,156872,3889],{"class":59},[45,156874,6629],{"class":55},[45,156876,1063],{"class":96},[45,156878,6614],{"class":59},[45,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156890,156892],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,156882,942],{"class":152},[45,156884,156],{"class":59},[45,156886,64],{"class":63},[45,156888,156889],{"class":67},"User record has the expected number of values",[45,156891,64],{"class":63},[45,156893,161],{"class":59},[20,156895,156896],{},[355,156897,182],{},[36,156899,156901],{"className":38,"code":156900,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156902,156903],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156904,156905],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156906,156900],{"class":51},[1398,156908,156910],{"id":156909},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[36,156912,156914],{"className":38,"code":156913,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156915,156916,156948,156952,156972],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156917,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,156919,36085],{"class":51},[45,156921,56],{"class":55},[45,156923,9453],{"class":59},[45,156925,64],{"class":63},[45,156927,277],{"class":67},[45,156929,64],{"class":63},[45,156931,84],{"class":59},[45,156933,76],{"class":63},[45,156935,1930],{"class":67},[45,156937,64],{"class":63},[45,156939,84],{"class":59},[45,156941,76],{"class":63},[45,156943,9951],{"class":67},[45,156945,64],{"class":63},[45,156947,161],{"class":59},[45,156949,156950],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,156951,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,156953,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,156955,855],{"class":921},[45,156957,69555],{"class":51},[45,156959,927],{"class":921},[45,156961,54074],{"class":152},[45,156963,156],{"class":59},[45,156965,11369],{"class":152},[45,156967,156],{"class":59},[45,156969,36138],{"class":135},[45,156971,69570],{"class":59},[45,156973,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,156975,942],{"class":152},[45,156977,156],{"class":59},[45,156979,36149],{"class":135},[45,156981,84],{"class":59},[45,156983,70103],{"class":135},[45,156985,223],{"class":59},[45,156987,36149],{"class":135},[45,156989,218],{"class":59},[20,156991,156992],{},[355,156993,182],{},[36,156995,156996],{"className":38,"code":36161,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,156997,156998,157004,157010],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,156999,157000,157002],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157001,1117],{"class":96},[45,157003,36170],{"class":51},[45,157005,157006,157008],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157007,1430],{"class":96},[45,157009,36177],{"class":51},[45,157011,157012,157014],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157013,1133],{"class":96},[45,157015,36184],{"class":51},[20,157017,157018,157019,157021,157022,132],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[277,157020,149669],{"href":149668},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[277,157023,150913],{"href":150912},[31,157025,3061],{"id":3060},[20,157027,157028],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[258,157030,157031,157039,157046,157051],{},[261,157032,157033,157034,1800,157037],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157035,157036],{},"(5)",[15,157038,149503],{},[261,157040,1797,157041,157043,157044],{},[15,157042,11369],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157045,42360],{},[261,157047,8670,157048,157050],{},[15,157049,42360],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[261,157052,157053],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157055,32236],{},[36,157057,157059],{"className":38,"code":157058,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157060,157061,157071,157085,157099],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157062,157063,157065,157067,157069],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157064,153],{"class":152},[45,157066,156],{"class":59},[45,157068,148014],{"class":135},[45,157070,161],{"class":59},[45,157072,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157074,153],{"class":152},[45,157076,156],{"class":59},[45,157078,1478],{"class":171},[45,157080,156],{"class":59},[45,157082,148014],{"class":135},[45,157084,179],{"class":59},[45,157086,157087,157089,157091,157093,157095,157097],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157088,153],{"class":152},[45,157090,156],{"class":59},[45,157092,11369],{"class":152},[45,157094,156],{"class":59},[45,157096,148014],{"class":135},[45,157098,179],{"class":59},[45,157100,157101,157103,157105,157107],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,157102,32306],{"class":152},[45,157104,156],{"class":59},[45,157106,11369],{"class":152},[45,157108,161],{"class":59},[20,157110,155223],{},[258,157112,157113,157116,157119,157123],{},[261,157114,157115],{},"what value you are using",[261,157117,157118],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[261,157120,26177,157121,342],{},[15,157122,42360],{},[261,157124,123387,157125,157127],{},[15,157126,42360],{}," is documented in Python",[31,157129,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,157131,157133],{"id":157132},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157135,1006,157136,157139],{},[15,157137,157138],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1398,157141,2062,157143,149173],{"id":157142},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157144,42360],{},[20,157146,46366,157147,157149],{},[15,157148,42360],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1398,157151,157153],{"id":157152},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157155,157156,157157,132],{},"The length is ",[15,157158,1117],{},[1398,157160,157162],{"id":157161},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157164,150859,157165,157167],{},[15,157166,150862],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1398,157169,2062,157171,157173],{"id":157170},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157172,42360],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157175,157176],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[31,157178,2114],{"id":2113},[258,157180,157181,157187,157191,157195,157199],{},[261,157182,157183],{},[277,157184,3802,157185,3735],{"href":42357},[15,157186,42360],{},[261,157188,157189],{},[277,157190,156088],{"href":147999},[261,157192,157193],{},[277,157194,149669],{"href":149668},[261,157196,157197],{},[277,157198,150913],{"href":150912},[261,157200,157201],{},[277,157202,157203],{"href":149299},"What is a tuple in Python",[2154,157205,157206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":157208},[157209,157210,157211,157218,157224,157233,157239,157240,157249],{"id":15355,"depth":121,"text":15356},{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":155576,"depth":121,"text":157212,"children":157213},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157214,157215,157216,157217],{"id":155588,"depth":142,"text":155589},{"id":155655,"depth":142,"text":155656},{"id":155700,"depth":142,"text":155701},{"id":155749,"depth":142,"text":155750},{"id":155838,"depth":121,"text":155839,"children":157219},[157220,157221,157222,157223],{"id":155842,"depth":142,"text":155843},{"id":155917,"depth":142,"text":155656},{"id":155959,"depth":142,"text":155960},{"id":156093,"depth":142,"text":156094},{"id":156177,"depth":121,"text":156178,"children":157225},[157226,157228,157230,157231],{"id":156181,"depth":142,"text":157227},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156319,"depth":142,"text":157229},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156395,"depth":142,"text":156396},{"id":156530,"depth":142,"text":157232},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156658,"depth":121,"text":156659,"children":157234},[157235,157236,157237,157238],{"id":156667,"depth":142,"text":156668},{"id":156740,"depth":142,"text":156741},{"id":156821,"depth":142,"text":156822},{"id":156909,"depth":142,"text":156910},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":157241},[157242,157243,157245,157246,157247],{"id":157132,"depth":142,"text":157133},{"id":157142,"depth":142,"text":157244},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157152,"depth":142,"text":157153},{"id":157161,"depth":142,"text":157162},{"id":157170,"depth":142,"text":157248},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155360,"description":157250},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157257,"title":157258,"body":157259,"description":159644,"extension":2195,"meta":159645,"navigation":145,"path":159646,"seo":159647,"stem":159648,"__hash__":159649},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157260,"toc":159605},[157261,157264,157267,157270,157293,157299,157301,157412,157416,157419,157429,157431,157530,157532,157609,157615,157619,157622,157645,157648,157665,157668,157670,157733,157735,157752,157763,157768,157770,157773,157779,157830,157832,157852,157856,157907,157909,157930,157934,157989,157991,158012,158016,158071,158073,158094,158098,158151,158153,158182,158184,158186,158189,158193,158250,158252,158273,158277,158330,158332,158357,158362,158366,158371,158389,158392,158455,158457,158478,158481,158542,158544,158565,158568,158611,158614,158618,158623,158627,158706,158708,158739,158743,158818,158820,158847,158851,158898,158900,158908,158913,158917,158920,158935,158937,159025,159027,159052,159055,159098,159107,159109,159112,159127,159130,159134,159188,159190,159210,159215,159219,159221,159259,159262,159312,159316,159389,159391,159428,159431,159433,159436,159456,159459,159528,159530,159543,159545,159549,159552,159556,159559,159564,159567,159573,159578,159580,159602],[10,157262,157258],{"id":157263},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157265,157266],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157268,157269],{},"Use this format:",[36,157271,157273],{"className":38,"code":157272,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157274,157275],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157276,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157278,48955],{"class":51},[45,157280,223],{"class":59},[45,157282,36067],{"class":51},[45,157284,73],{"class":59},[45,157286,75433],{"class":51},[45,157288,73],{"class":59},[45,157290,75436],{"class":51},[45,157292,244],{"class":59},[20,157294,2212,157295,75469,157297,132],{},[15,157296,75433],{},[355,157298,65076],{},[31,157300,34],{"id":33},[36,157302,157304],{"className":38,"code":157303,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157305,157306,157334,157338,157359,157376,157393],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157307,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157309,3846],{"class":51},[45,157311,56],{"class":55},[45,157313,9453],{"class":59},[45,157315,2560],{"class":96},[45,157317,84],{"class":59},[45,157319,97],{"class":96},[45,157321,84],{"class":59},[45,157323,8016],{"class":96},[45,157325,84],{"class":59},[45,157327,50846],{"class":96},[45,157329,84],{"class":59},[45,157331,5304],{"class":96},[45,157333,161],{"class":59},[45,157335,157336],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157337,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157339,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157341,153],{"class":152},[45,157343,156],{"class":59},[45,157345,3876],{"class":135},[45,157347,223],{"class":59},[45,157349,1430],{"class":96},[45,157351,73],{"class":59},[45,157353,2734],{"class":96},[45,157355,20624],{"class":59},[45,157357,157358],{"class":1712},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[45,157360,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,157362,153],{"class":152},[45,157364,156],{"class":59},[45,157366,3876],{"class":135},[45,157368,75542],{"class":59},[45,157370,2294],{"class":96},[45,157372,20624],{"class":59},[45,157374,157375],{"class":1712},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[45,157377,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,157379,153],{"class":152},[45,157381,156],{"class":59},[45,157383,3876],{"class":135},[45,157385,74129],{"class":59},[45,157387,1133],{"class":96},[45,157389,20624],{"class":59},[45,157391,157392],{"class":1712},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[45,157394,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,157396,153],{"class":152},[45,157398,156],{"class":59},[45,157400,3876],{"class":135},[45,157402,74129],{"class":59},[45,157404,2254],{"class":55},[45,157406,1430],{"class":96},[45,157408,20624],{"class":59},[45,157410,157411],{"class":1712},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[31,157413,157415],{"id":157414},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157417,157418],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[258,157420,157421,157423,157426],{},[261,157422,75736],{},[261,157424,157425],{},"The result is a new tuple",[261,157427,157428],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157430,361],{},[36,157432,157434],{"className":38,"code":157433,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157435,157436,157484,157488,157506,157510,157520],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157437,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157439,36085],{"class":51},[45,157441,56],{"class":55},[45,157443,9453],{"class":59},[45,157445,64],{"class":63},[45,157447,277],{"class":67},[45,157449,64],{"class":63},[45,157451,84],{"class":59},[45,157453,76],{"class":63},[45,157455,1930],{"class":67},[45,157457,64],{"class":63},[45,157459,84],{"class":59},[45,157461,76],{"class":63},[45,157463,9951],{"class":67},[45,157465,64],{"class":63},[45,157467,84],{"class":59},[45,157469,76],{"class":63},[45,157471,18946],{"class":67},[45,157473,64],{"class":63},[45,157475,84],{"class":59},[45,157477,76],{"class":63},[45,157479,60453],{"class":67},[45,157481,64],{"class":63},[45,157483,161],{"class":59},[45,157485,157486],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157487,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157489,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157491,75666],{"class":51},[45,157493,56],{"class":55},[45,157495,70103],{"class":51},[45,157497,223],{"class":59},[45,157499,1430],{"class":96},[45,157501,73],{"class":59},[45,157503,2734],{"class":96},[45,157505,244],{"class":59},[45,157507,157508],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,157509,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157511,157512,157514,157516,157518],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,157513,153],{"class":152},[45,157515,156],{"class":59},[45,157517,75689],{"class":135},[45,157519,161],{"class":59},[45,157521,157522,157524,157526,157528],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,157523,153],{"class":152},[45,157525,156],{"class":59},[45,157527,36138],{"class":135},[45,157529,161],{"class":59},[20,157531,182],{},[36,157533,157535],{"className":38,"code":157534,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157536,157537,157565],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157538,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157540,156],{"class":59},[45,157542,198],{"class":63},[45,157544,1930],{"class":67},[45,157546,198],{"class":63},[45,157548,84],{"class":59},[45,157550,211],{"class":63},[45,157552,9951],{"class":67},[45,157554,198],{"class":63},[45,157556,84],{"class":59},[45,157558,211],{"class":63},[45,157560,18946],{"class":67},[45,157562,198],{"class":63},[45,157564,161],{"class":59},[45,157566,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157568,156],{"class":59},[45,157570,198],{"class":63},[45,157572,277],{"class":67},[45,157574,198],{"class":63},[45,157576,84],{"class":59},[45,157578,211],{"class":63},[45,157580,1930],{"class":67},[45,157582,198],{"class":63},[45,157584,84],{"class":59},[45,157586,211],{"class":63},[45,157588,9951],{"class":67},[45,157590,198],{"class":63},[45,157592,84],{"class":59},[45,157594,211],{"class":63},[45,157596,18946],{"class":67},[45,157598,198],{"class":63},[45,157600,84],{"class":59},[45,157602,211],{"class":63},[45,157604,60453],{"class":67},[45,157606,198],{"class":63},[45,157608,161],{"class":59},[20,157610,157611,157612,132],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[277,157613,147996],{"href":157614},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[31,157616,157618],{"id":157617},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157620,157621],{},"The full syntax is:",[36,157623,157625],{"className":38,"code":157624,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157626,157627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157628,157629,157631,157633,157635,157637,157639,157641,157643],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157630,148014],{"class":51},[45,157632,223],{"class":59},[45,157634,36067],{"class":51},[45,157636,73],{"class":59},[45,157638,75433],{"class":51},[45,157640,73],{"class":59},[45,157642,75436],{"class":51},[45,157644,244],{"class":59},[20,157646,157647],{},"Each part has a job:",[258,157649,157650,157655,157660],{},[261,157651,157652,157654],{},[15,157653,36067],{},": where slicing begins",[261,157656,157657,157659],{},[15,157658,75433],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[261,157661,157662,157664],{},[15,157663,75436],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157666,157667],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157669,361],{},[36,157671,157673],{"className":38,"code":157672,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157674,157675,157707,157711],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157676,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701,157703,157705],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157678,3846],{"class":51},[45,157680,56],{"class":55},[45,157682,9453],{"class":59},[45,157684,2560],{"class":96},[45,157686,84],{"class":59},[45,157688,97],{"class":96},[45,157690,84],{"class":59},[45,157692,8016],{"class":96},[45,157694,84],{"class":59},[45,157696,50846],{"class":96},[45,157698,84],{"class":59},[45,157700,5304],{"class":96},[45,157702,84],{"class":59},[45,157704,76107],{"class":96},[45,157706,161],{"class":59},[45,157708,157709],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157710,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157712,157713,157715,157717,157719,157721,157723,157725,157727,157729,157731],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157714,153],{"class":152},[45,157716,156],{"class":59},[45,157718,3876],{"class":135},[45,157720,223],{"class":59},[45,157722,1430],{"class":96},[45,157724,73],{"class":59},[45,157726,2366],{"class":96},[45,157728,73],{"class":59},[45,157730,1133],{"class":96},[45,157732,218],{"class":59},[20,157734,182],{},[36,157736,157738],{"className":38,"code":157737,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157739,157740],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157741,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157743,156],{"class":59},[45,157745,15948],{"class":96},[45,157747,84],{"class":59},[45,157749,50846],{"class":96},[45,157751,161],{"class":59},[20,157753,157754,157755,157757,157758,157760,157761,132],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157756,1430],{},", stops before index ",[15,157759,2366],{},", and moves by ",[15,157762,1133],{},[20,157764,157765,157766,132],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[277,157767,149669],{"href":153095},[31,157769,76023],{"id":76022},[20,157771,157772],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1398,157774,157776,157777,6186],{"id":157775},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157778,76037],{},[36,157780,157782],{"className":38,"code":157781,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157783,157784,157812,157816],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157785,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157787,3846],{"class":51},[45,157789,56],{"class":55},[45,157791,9453],{"class":59},[45,157793,2560],{"class":96},[45,157795,84],{"class":59},[45,157797,97],{"class":96},[45,157799,84],{"class":59},[45,157801,8016],{"class":96},[45,157803,84],{"class":59},[45,157805,50846],{"class":96},[45,157807,84],{"class":59},[45,157809,5304],{"class":96},[45,157811,161],{"class":59},[45,157813,157814],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157815,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157817,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157819,153],{"class":152},[45,157821,156],{"class":59},[45,157823,3876],{"class":135},[45,157825,75542],{"class":59},[45,157827,2294],{"class":96},[45,157829,218],{"class":59},[20,157831,182],{},[36,157833,157834],{"className":38,"code":151361,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,157835,157836],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157837,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157839,156],{"class":59},[45,157841,2560],{"class":96},[45,157843,84],{"class":59},[45,157845,97],{"class":96},[45,157847,84],{"class":59},[45,157849,8016],{"class":96},[45,157851,161],{"class":59},[1398,157853,157855],{"id":157854},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[36,157857,157859],{"className":38,"code":157858,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157860,157861,157889,157893],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157862,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157864,3846],{"class":51},[45,157866,56],{"class":55},[45,157868,9453],{"class":59},[45,157870,2560],{"class":96},[45,157872,84],{"class":59},[45,157874,97],{"class":96},[45,157876,84],{"class":59},[45,157878,8016],{"class":96},[45,157880,84],{"class":59},[45,157882,50846],{"class":96},[45,157884,84],{"class":59},[45,157886,5304],{"class":96},[45,157888,161],{"class":59},[45,157890,157891],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157892,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157894,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157896,153],{"class":152},[45,157898,156],{"class":59},[45,157900,3876],{"class":135},[45,157902,223],{"class":59},[45,157904,1133],{"class":96},[45,157906,77723],{"class":59},[20,157908,182],{},[36,157910,157912],{"className":38,"code":157911,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157913,157914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157915,157916,157918,157920,157922,157924,157926,157928],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157917,156],{"class":59},[45,157919,36837],{"class":96},[45,157921,84],{"class":59},[45,157923,50846],{"class":96},[45,157925,84],{"class":59},[45,157927,5304],{"class":96},[45,157929,161],{"class":59},[1398,157931,157933],{"id":157932},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[36,157935,157937],{"className":38,"code":157936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157938,157939,157967,157971],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157940,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961,157963,157965],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157942,3846],{"class":51},[45,157944,56],{"class":55},[45,157946,9453],{"class":59},[45,157948,2560],{"class":96},[45,157950,84],{"class":59},[45,157952,97],{"class":96},[45,157954,84],{"class":59},[45,157956,8016],{"class":96},[45,157958,84],{"class":59},[45,157960,50846],{"class":96},[45,157962,84],{"class":59},[45,157964,5304],{"class":96},[45,157966,161],{"class":59},[45,157968,157969],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,157970,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,157972,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,157974,153],{"class":152},[45,157976,156],{"class":59},[45,157978,3876],{"class":135},[45,157980,223],{"class":59},[45,157982,1430],{"class":96},[45,157984,73],{"class":59},[45,157986,2734],{"class":96},[45,157988,218],{"class":59},[20,157990,182],{},[36,157992,157994],{"className":38,"code":157993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157995,157996],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,157997,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008,158010],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,157999,156],{"class":59},[45,158001,15948],{"class":96},[45,158003,84],{"class":59},[45,158005,8016],{"class":96},[45,158007,84],{"class":59},[45,158009,50846],{"class":96},[45,158011,161],{"class":59},[1398,158013,158015],{"id":158014},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[36,158017,158019],{"className":38,"code":158018,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158020,158021,158053,158057],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158022,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158024,3846],{"class":51},[45,158026,56],{"class":55},[45,158028,9453],{"class":59},[45,158030,2560],{"class":96},[45,158032,84],{"class":59},[45,158034,97],{"class":96},[45,158036,84],{"class":59},[45,158038,8016],{"class":96},[45,158040,84],{"class":59},[45,158042,50846],{"class":96},[45,158044,84],{"class":59},[45,158046,5304],{"class":96},[45,158048,84],{"class":59},[45,158050,76107],{"class":96},[45,158052,161],{"class":59},[45,158054,158055],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158056,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158058,158059,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158060,153],{"class":152},[45,158062,156],{"class":59},[45,158064,3876],{"class":135},[45,158066,74129],{"class":59},[45,158068,1133],{"class":96},[45,158070,218],{"class":59},[20,158072,182],{},[36,158074,158076],{"className":38,"code":158075,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158077,158078],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158079,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158081,156],{"class":59},[45,158083,2560],{"class":96},[45,158085,84],{"class":59},[45,158087,8016],{"class":96},[45,158089,84],{"class":59},[45,158091,5304],{"class":96},[45,158093,161],{"class":59},[1398,158095,158097],{"id":158096},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[36,158099,158101],{"className":38,"code":158100,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158102,158103,158131,158135],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158104,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158106,3846],{"class":51},[45,158108,56],{"class":55},[45,158110,9453],{"class":59},[45,158112,2560],{"class":96},[45,158114,84],{"class":59},[45,158116,97],{"class":96},[45,158118,84],{"class":59},[45,158120,8016],{"class":96},[45,158122,84],{"class":59},[45,158124,50846],{"class":96},[45,158126,84],{"class":59},[45,158128,5304],{"class":96},[45,158130,161],{"class":59},[45,158132,158133],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158134,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158136,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158138,153],{"class":152},[45,158140,156],{"class":59},[45,158142,3876],{"class":135},[45,158144,74129],{"class":59},[45,158146,2254],{"class":55},[45,158148,1430],{"class":96},[45,158150,218],{"class":59},[20,158152,182],{},[36,158154,158156],{"className":38,"code":158155,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158157,158158],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158159,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158161,156],{"class":59},[45,158163,76801],{"class":96},[45,158165,84],{"class":59},[45,158167,50846],{"class":96},[45,158169,84],{"class":59},[45,158171,8016],{"class":96},[45,158173,84],{"class":59},[45,158175,97],{"class":96},[45,158177,84],{"class":59},[45,158179,6225],{"class":96},[45,158181,161],{"class":59},[31,158183,76317],{"id":76316},[20,158185,154368],{},[20,158187,158188],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1398,158190,158192],{"id":158191},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[36,158194,158196],{"className":38,"code":158195,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158197,158198,158230,158234],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158199,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158201,3846],{"class":51},[45,158203,56],{"class":55},[45,158205,9453],{"class":59},[45,158207,2560],{"class":96},[45,158209,84],{"class":59},[45,158211,97],{"class":96},[45,158213,84],{"class":59},[45,158215,8016],{"class":96},[45,158217,84],{"class":59},[45,158219,50846],{"class":96},[45,158221,84],{"class":59},[45,158223,5304],{"class":96},[45,158225,84],{"class":59},[45,158227,76107],{"class":96},[45,158229,161],{"class":59},[45,158231,158232],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158233,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158235,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158237,153],{"class":152},[45,158239,156],{"class":59},[45,158241,3876],{"class":135},[45,158243,223],{"class":59},[45,158245,2254],{"class":55},[45,158247,2294],{"class":96},[45,158249,77723],{"class":59},[20,158251,182],{},[36,158253,158255],{"className":38,"code":158254,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158256,158257],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158258,158259,158261,158263,158265,158267,158269,158271],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158260,156],{"class":59},[45,158262,56697],{"class":96},[45,158264,84],{"class":59},[45,158266,5304],{"class":96},[45,158268,84],{"class":59},[45,158270,76107],{"class":96},[45,158272,161],{"class":59},[1398,158274,158276],{"id":158275},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[36,158278,158280],{"className":38,"code":158279,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158281,158282,158310,158314],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158283,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158285,3846],{"class":51},[45,158287,56],{"class":55},[45,158289,9453],{"class":59},[45,158291,2560],{"class":96},[45,158293,84],{"class":59},[45,158295,97],{"class":96},[45,158297,84],{"class":59},[45,158299,8016],{"class":96},[45,158301,84],{"class":59},[45,158303,50846],{"class":96},[45,158305,84],{"class":59},[45,158307,5304],{"class":96},[45,158309,161],{"class":59},[45,158311,158312],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158313,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158315,158316,158318,158320,158322,158324,158326,158328],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158317,153],{"class":152},[45,158319,156],{"class":59},[45,158321,3876],{"class":135},[45,158323,75542],{"class":59},[45,158325,2254],{"class":55},[45,158327,1430],{"class":96},[45,158329,218],{"class":59},[20,158331,182],{},[36,158333,158335],{"className":38,"code":158334,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158336,158337],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158338,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158340,156],{"class":59},[45,158342,2560],{"class":96},[45,158344,84],{"class":59},[45,158346,97],{"class":96},[45,158348,84],{"class":59},[45,158350,8016],{"class":96},[45,158352,84],{"class":59},[45,158354,50846],{"class":96},[45,158356,161],{"class":59},[20,158358,158359,158360,132],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[277,158361,150918],{"href":157252},[31,158363,158365],{"id":158364},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158367,2212,158368,158370],{},[15,158369,75436],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[258,158372,158373,158375,158377,158383],{},[261,158374,76573],{},[261,158376,76576],{},[261,158378,158379,158382],{},[15,158380,158381],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[261,158384,158385,158386,158388],{},"A step of ",[15,158387,1117],{}," is not allowed",[20,158390,158391],{},"Example with a positive step:",[36,158393,158395],{"className":38,"code":158394,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158396,158397,158429,158433],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158398,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158400,3846],{"class":51},[45,158402,56],{"class":55},[45,158404,9453],{"class":59},[45,158406,2560],{"class":96},[45,158408,84],{"class":59},[45,158410,97],{"class":96},[45,158412,84],{"class":59},[45,158414,8016],{"class":96},[45,158416,84],{"class":59},[45,158418,50846],{"class":96},[45,158420,84],{"class":59},[45,158422,5304],{"class":96},[45,158424,84],{"class":59},[45,158426,76107],{"class":96},[45,158428,161],{"class":59},[45,158430,158431],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158432,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158434,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158436,153],{"class":152},[45,158438,156],{"class":59},[45,158440,3876],{"class":135},[45,158442,223],{"class":59},[45,158444,1430],{"class":96},[45,158446,73],{"class":59},[45,158448,80601],{"class":96},[45,158450,73],{"class":59},[45,158452,1133],{"class":96},[45,158454,218],{"class":59},[20,158456,182],{},[36,158458,158460],{"className":38,"code":158459,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158461,158462],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158463,158464,158466,158468,158470,158472,158474,158476],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158465,156],{"class":59},[45,158467,15948],{"class":96},[45,158469,84],{"class":59},[45,158471,50846],{"class":96},[45,158473,84],{"class":59},[45,158475,76107],{"class":96},[45,158477,161],{"class":59},[20,158479,158480],{},"Example with a negative step:",[36,158482,158484],{"className":38,"code":158483,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158485,158486,158514,158518],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158487,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158489,3846],{"class":51},[45,158491,56],{"class":55},[45,158493,9453],{"class":59},[45,158495,2560],{"class":96},[45,158497,84],{"class":59},[45,158499,97],{"class":96},[45,158501,84],{"class":59},[45,158503,8016],{"class":96},[45,158505,84],{"class":59},[45,158507,50846],{"class":96},[45,158509,84],{"class":59},[45,158511,5304],{"class":96},[45,158513,161],{"class":59},[45,158515,158516],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158517,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158519,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158521,153],{"class":152},[45,158523,156],{"class":59},[45,158525,3876],{"class":135},[45,158527,223],{"class":59},[45,158529,2734],{"class":96},[45,158531,73],{"class":59},[45,158533,1430],{"class":96},[45,158535,73],{"class":59},[45,158537,2254],{"class":55},[45,158539,1430],{"class":96},[45,158541,218],{"class":59},[20,158543,182],{},[36,158545,158547],{"className":38,"code":158546,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158548,158549],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158550,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158552,156],{"class":59},[45,158554,76801],{"class":96},[45,158556,84],{"class":59},[45,158558,50846],{"class":96},[45,158560,84],{"class":59},[45,158562,8016],{"class":96},[45,158564,161],{"class":59},[20,158566,158567],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[36,158569,158571],{"className":38,"code":158570,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158572,158573,158593,158597],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158574,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587,158589,158591],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158576,3846],{"class":51},[45,158578,56],{"class":55},[45,158580,9453],{"class":59},[45,158582,2560],{"class":96},[45,158584,84],{"class":59},[45,158586,97],{"class":96},[45,158588,84],{"class":59},[45,158590,8016],{"class":96},[45,158592,161],{"class":59},[45,158594,158595],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158596,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158600,153],{"class":152},[45,158602,156],{"class":59},[45,158604,3876],{"class":135},[45,158606,74129],{"class":59},[45,158608,1117],{"class":96},[45,158610,218],{"class":59},[20,158612,158613],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[31,158615,158617],{"id":158616},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158619,158620,158621,1613],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[355,158622,48955],{},[1398,158624,158626],{"id":158625},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[36,158628,158630],{"className":38,"code":158629,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158631,158632,158656,158660,158678,158682,158692],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158633,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158635,3846],{"class":51},[45,158637,56],{"class":55},[45,158639,9453],{"class":59},[45,158641,2560],{"class":96},[45,158643,84],{"class":59},[45,158645,97],{"class":96},[45,158647,84],{"class":59},[45,158649,8016],{"class":96},[45,158651,84],{"class":59},[45,158653,50846],{"class":96},[45,158655,161],{"class":59},[45,158657,158658],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158659,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158661,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674,158676],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158663,716],{"class":51},[45,158665,56],{"class":55},[45,158667,4488],{"class":51},[45,158669,223],{"class":59},[45,158671,1430],{"class":96},[45,158673,73],{"class":59},[45,158675,2294],{"class":96},[45,158677,244],{"class":59},[45,158679,158680],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,158681,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158683,158684,158686,158688,158690],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,158685,153],{"class":152},[45,158687,156],{"class":59},[45,158689,740],{"class":135},[45,158691,161],{"class":59},[45,158693,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,158695,153],{"class":152},[45,158697,156],{"class":59},[45,158699,1478],{"class":171},[45,158701,156],{"class":59},[45,158703,740],{"class":135},[45,158705,179],{"class":59},[20,158707,182],{},[36,158709,158711],{"className":38,"code":158710,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158712,158713,158725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158714,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158716,156],{"class":59},[45,158718,15948],{"class":96},[45,158720,84],{"class":59},[45,158722,8016],{"class":96},[45,158724,161],{"class":59},[45,158726,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158728,1594],{"class":55},[45,158730,1598],{"class":1597},[45,158732,211],{"class":63},[45,158734,48955],{"class":67},[45,158736,198],{"class":63},[45,158738,1607],{"class":55},[1398,158740,158742],{"id":158741},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[36,158744,158746],{"className":38,"code":158745,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158747,158748,158768,158772,158790,158794,158804],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158749,158750,158752,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158751,3846],{"class":51},[45,158753,56],{"class":55},[45,158755,9453],{"class":59},[45,158757,2560],{"class":96},[45,158759,84],{"class":59},[45,158761,97],{"class":96},[45,158763,84],{"class":59},[45,158765,8016],{"class":96},[45,158767,161],{"class":59},[45,158769,158770],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158771,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158773,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158775,716],{"class":51},[45,158777,56],{"class":55},[45,158779,4488],{"class":51},[45,158781,223],{"class":59},[45,158783,1430],{"class":96},[45,158785,73],{"class":59},[45,158787,1133],{"class":96},[45,158789,244],{"class":59},[45,158791,158792],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,158793,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158795,158796,158798,158800,158802],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,158797,153],{"class":152},[45,158799,156],{"class":59},[45,158801,740],{"class":135},[45,158803,161],{"class":59},[45,158805,158806,158808,158810,158812,158814,158816],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,158807,153],{"class":152},[45,158809,156],{"class":59},[45,158811,1478],{"class":171},[45,158813,156],{"class":59},[45,158815,740],{"class":135},[45,158817,179],{"class":59},[20,158819,182],{},[36,158821,158823],{"className":38,"code":158822,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158824,158825,158833],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158826,158827,158829,158831],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158828,156],{"class":59},[45,158830,15948],{"class":96},[45,158832,149352],{"class":59},[45,158834,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158836,1594],{"class":55},[45,158838,1598],{"class":1597},[45,158840,211],{"class":63},[45,158842,48955],{"class":67},[45,158844,198],{"class":63},[45,158846,1607],{"class":55},[1398,158848,158850],{"id":158849},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[36,158852,158854],{"className":38,"code":158853,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158855,158856,158876,158880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158857,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868,158870,158872,158874],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158859,3846],{"class":51},[45,158861,56],{"class":55},[45,158863,9453],{"class":59},[45,158865,2560],{"class":96},[45,158867,84],{"class":59},[45,158869,97],{"class":96},[45,158871,84],{"class":59},[45,158873,8016],{"class":96},[45,158875,161],{"class":59},[45,158877,158878],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158879,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158881,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158883,153],{"class":152},[45,158885,156],{"class":59},[45,158887,3876],{"class":135},[45,158889,223],{"class":59},[45,158891,2366],{"class":96},[45,158893,73],{"class":59},[45,158895,2575],{"class":96},[45,158897,218],{"class":59},[20,158899,182],{},[36,158901,158902],{"className":38,"code":139,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,158903,158904],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158905,158906],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158907,139],{"class":59},[20,158909,158910,158911,132],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[277,158912,156088],{"href":150975},[31,158914,158916],{"id":158915},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158918,158919],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[258,158921,158922,158924,158927,158932],{},[261,158923,76882],{},[261,158925,158926],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[261,158928,158929,158930],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158931,70738],{},[261,158933,158934],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158936,361],{},[36,158938,158940],{"className":38,"code":158939,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158941,158942,158962,158966,158983,159004],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,158943,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954,158956,158958,158960],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,158945,3846],{"class":51},[45,158947,56],{"class":55},[45,158949,9453],{"class":59},[45,158951,2560],{"class":96},[45,158953,84],{"class":59},[45,158955,97],{"class":96},[45,158957,84],{"class":59},[45,158959,8016],{"class":96},[45,158961,161],{"class":59},[45,158963,158964],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,158965,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,158967,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976,158978,158980],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,158969,153],{"class":152},[45,158971,156],{"class":59},[45,158973,3876],{"class":135},[45,158975,223],{"class":59},[45,158977,1430],{"class":96},[45,158979,20624],{"class":59},[45,158981,158982],{"class":1712},"    # one item\n",[45,158984,158985,158987,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997,158999,159001],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,158986,153],{"class":152},[45,158988,156],{"class":59},[45,158990,3876],{"class":135},[45,158992,223],{"class":59},[45,158994,1430],{"class":96},[45,158996,73],{"class":59},[45,158998,2366],{"class":96},[45,159000,20624],{"class":59},[45,159002,159003],{"class":1712},"  # slice\n",[45,159005,159006,159008,159010,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,159007,153],{"class":152},[45,159009,156],{"class":59},[45,159011,3876],{"class":135},[45,159013,223],{"class":59},[45,159015,2366],{"class":96},[45,159017,73],{"class":59},[45,159019,2575],{"class":96},[45,159021,20624],{"class":59},[45,159023,159024],{"class":1712},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159026,182],{},[36,159028,159030],{"className":38,"code":159029,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159031,159032,159036,159048],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159033,159034],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159035,71231],{"class":96},[45,159037,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159039,156],{"class":59},[45,159041,15948],{"class":96},[45,159043,84],{"class":59},[45,159045,8016],{"class":96},[45,159047,161],{"class":59},[45,159049,159050],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159051,139],{"class":59},[20,159053,159054],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[36,159056,159058],{"className":38,"code":159057,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159059,159060,159080,159084],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159061,159062,159064,159066,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159063,3846],{"class":51},[45,159065,56],{"class":55},[45,159067,9453],{"class":59},[45,159069,2560],{"class":96},[45,159071,84],{"class":59},[45,159073,97],{"class":96},[45,159075,84],{"class":59},[45,159077,8016],{"class":96},[45,159079,161],{"class":59},[45,159081,159082],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159083,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159085,159086,159088,159090,159092,159094,159096],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159087,153],{"class":152},[45,159089,156],{"class":59},[45,159091,3876],{"class":135},[45,159093,223],{"class":59},[45,159095,2366],{"class":96},[45,159097,218],{"class":59},[20,159099,159100,159101,159103,159104,132],{},"This raises an ",[15,159102,70738],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[277,159105,154841],{"href":159106},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[31,159108,15370],{"id":77149},[20,159110,159111],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[258,159113,159114,159117,159119,159122],{},[261,159115,159116],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[261,159118,60698],{},[261,159120,159121],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[261,159123,159124,159125],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159126,1117],{},[20,159128,159129],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1398,159131,159133],{"id":159132},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[36,159135,159136],{"className":38,"code":157936,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,159137,159138,159166,159170],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159139,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162,159164],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159141,3846],{"class":51},[45,159143,56],{"class":55},[45,159145,9453],{"class":59},[45,159147,2560],{"class":96},[45,159149,84],{"class":59},[45,159151,97],{"class":96},[45,159153,84],{"class":59},[45,159155,8016],{"class":96},[45,159157,84],{"class":59},[45,159159,50846],{"class":96},[45,159161,84],{"class":59},[45,159163,5304],{"class":96},[45,159165,161],{"class":59},[45,159167,159168],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159169,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159171,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184,159186],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159173,153],{"class":152},[45,159175,156],{"class":59},[45,159177,3876],{"class":135},[45,159179,223],{"class":59},[45,159181,1430],{"class":96},[45,159183,73],{"class":59},[45,159185,2734],{"class":96},[45,159187,218],{"class":59},[20,159189,182],{},[36,159191,159192],{"className":38,"code":157993,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,159193,159194],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159195,159196,159198,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159197,156],{"class":59},[45,159199,15948],{"class":96},[45,159201,84],{"class":59},[45,159203,8016],{"class":96},[45,159205,84],{"class":59},[45,159207,50846],{"class":96},[45,159209,161],{"class":59},[20,159211,132420,159212,159214],{},[15,159213,2734],{}," is not included.",[1398,159216,159218],{"id":159217},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159220,4749],{},[36,159222,159224],{"className":38,"code":159223,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159225,159226,159250,159254],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159227,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159229,3846],{"class":51},[45,159231,56],{"class":55},[45,159233,9453],{"class":59},[45,159235,2560],{"class":96},[45,159237,84],{"class":59},[45,159239,97],{"class":96},[45,159241,84],{"class":59},[45,159243,8016],{"class":96},[45,159245,84],{"class":59},[45,159247,50846],{"class":96},[45,159249,161],{"class":59},[45,159251,159252],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159253,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159255,159256],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159257,159258],{"class":1712},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159260,159261],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[36,159263,159264],{"className":38,"code":154921,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,159265,159266,159290,159294],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159267,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159269,3846],{"class":51},[45,159271,56],{"class":55},[45,159273,9453],{"class":59},[45,159275,2560],{"class":96},[45,159277,84],{"class":59},[45,159279,97],{"class":96},[45,159281,84],{"class":59},[45,159283,8016],{"class":96},[45,159285,84],{"class":59},[45,159287,50846],{"class":96},[45,159289,161],{"class":59},[45,159291,159292],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159293,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159295,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159297,153],{"class":152},[45,159299,156],{"class":59},[45,159301,3876],{"class":135},[45,159303,223],{"class":59},[45,159305,1430],{"class":96},[45,159307,73],{"class":59},[45,159309,2294],{"class":96},[45,159311,218],{"class":59},[1398,159313,159315],{"id":159314},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[36,159317,159319],{"className":38,"code":159318,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159320,159321,159345,159349,159364,159368,159379],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159322,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331,159333,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159324,3846],{"class":51},[45,159326,56],{"class":55},[45,159328,9453],{"class":59},[45,159330,2560],{"class":96},[45,159332,84],{"class":59},[45,159334,97],{"class":96},[45,159336,84],{"class":59},[45,159338,8016],{"class":96},[45,159340,84],{"class":59},[45,159342,50846],{"class":96},[45,159344,161],{"class":59},[45,159346,159347],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159348,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159350,159351,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159352,159353],{"class":51},"slice_result ",[45,159355,56],{"class":55},[45,159357,4488],{"class":51},[45,159359,75542],{"class":59},[45,159361,1133],{"class":96},[45,159363,244],{"class":59},[45,159365,159366],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,159367,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159369,159370,159372,159374,159377],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,159371,153],{"class":152},[45,159373,156],{"class":59},[45,159375,159376],{"class":135},"slice_result",[45,159378,161],{"class":59},[45,159380,159381,159383,159385,159387],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,159382,153],{"class":152},[45,159384,156],{"class":59},[45,159386,3876],{"class":135},[45,159388,161],{"class":59},[20,159390,182],{},[36,159392,159394],{"className":38,"code":159393,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159395,159396,159408],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159397,159398,159400,159402,159404,159406],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159399,156],{"class":59},[45,159401,2560],{"class":96},[45,159403,84],{"class":59},[45,159405,97],{"class":96},[45,159407,161],{"class":59},[45,159409,159410,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159411,156],{"class":59},[45,159413,2560],{"class":96},[45,159415,84],{"class":59},[45,159417,97],{"class":96},[45,159419,84],{"class":59},[45,159421,8016],{"class":96},[45,159423,84],{"class":59},[45,159425,50846],{"class":96},[45,159427,161],{"class":59},[20,159429,159430],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[31,159432,113734],{"id":113733},[20,159434,159435],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[258,159437,159438,159441,159444,159450,159453],{},[261,159439,159440],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[261,159442,159443],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[261,159445,159446,159447],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159448,159449],{},"tuple[::0]",[261,159451,159452],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[261,159454,159455],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159457,159458],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[36,159460,159462],{"className":38,"code":159461,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159463,159464,159474,159492,159514],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159465,159466,159468,159470,159472],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159467,153],{"class":152},[45,159469,156],{"class":59},[45,159471,148014],{"class":135},[45,159473,161],{"class":59},[45,159475,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159477,153],{"class":152},[45,159479,156],{"class":59},[45,159481,148014],{"class":135},[45,159483,223],{"class":59},[45,159485,1430],{"class":96},[45,159487,73],{"class":59},[45,159489,2734],{"class":96},[45,159491,218],{"class":59},[45,159493,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159495,153],{"class":152},[45,159497,156],{"class":59},[45,159499,1478],{"class":171},[45,159501,156],{"class":59},[45,159503,148014],{"class":135},[45,159505,223],{"class":59},[45,159507,1430],{"class":96},[45,159509,73],{"class":59},[45,159511,2734],{"class":96},[45,159513,3229],{"class":59},[45,159515,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,159517,153],{"class":152},[45,159519,156],{"class":59},[45,159521,11369],{"class":152},[45,159523,156],{"class":59},[45,159525,148014],{"class":135},[45,159527,179],{"class":59},[20,159529,11378],{},[258,159531,159532,159534,159537,159540],{},[261,159533,155228],{},[261,159535,159536],{},"what the slice actually returns",[261,159538,159539],{},"that the result is a tuple",[261,159541,159542],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[31,159544,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,159546,159548],{"id":159547},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159550,159551],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1398,159553,159555],{"id":159554},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159557,159558],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1398,159560,2049,159562,39958],{"id":159561},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159563,158381],{},[20,159565,159566],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1398,159568,159570,159571,2079],{"id":159569},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159572,70738],{},[20,159574,159575,159576,132],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159577,70738],{},[31,159579,2114],{"id":2113},[258,159581,159582,159586,159590,159594,159598],{},[261,159583,159584],{},[277,159585,156088],{"href":150975},[261,159587,159588],{},[277,159589,149669],{"href":153095},[261,159591,159592],{},[277,159593,150918],{"href":157252},[261,159595,159596],{},[277,159597,147996],{"href":157614},[261,159599,159600],{},[277,159601,154841],{"href":159106},[2154,159603,159604],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":159606},[159607,159608,159609,159610,159618,159622,159623,159628,159629,159634,159635,159643],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":157414,"depth":121,"text":157415},{"id":157617,"depth":121,"text":157618},{"id":76022,"depth":121,"text":76023,"children":159611},[159612,159614,159615,159616,159617],{"id":157775,"depth":142,"text":159613},"Get the first n items",{"id":157854,"depth":142,"text":157855},{"id":157932,"depth":142,"text":157933},{"id":158014,"depth":142,"text":158015},{"id":158096,"depth":142,"text":158097},{"id":76316,"depth":121,"text":76317,"children":159619},[159620,159621],{"id":158191,"depth":142,"text":158192},{"id":158275,"depth":142,"text":158276},{"id":158364,"depth":121,"text":158365},{"id":158616,"depth":121,"text":158617,"children":159624},[159625,159626,159627],{"id":158625,"depth":142,"text":158626},{"id":158741,"depth":142,"text":158742},{"id":158849,"depth":142,"text":158850},{"id":158915,"depth":121,"text":158916},{"id":77149,"depth":121,"text":15370,"children":159630},[159631,159632,159633],{"id":159132,"depth":142,"text":159133},{"id":159217,"depth":142,"text":159218},{"id":159314,"depth":142,"text":159315},{"id":113733,"depth":121,"text":113734},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":159636},[159637,159638,159639,159641],{"id":159547,"depth":142,"text":159548},{"id":159554,"depth":142,"text":159555},{"id":159561,"depth":142,"text":159640},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159569,"depth":142,"text":159642},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157258,"description":159644},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159651,"title":159652,"body":159653,"description":161476,"extension":2195,"meta":161477,"navigation":145,"path":34801,"seo":161478,"stem":161479,"__hash__":161480},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159654,"toc":161442},[159655,159660,159665,159669,159687,159690,159705,159711,159713,159770,159772,159804,159816,159822,159827,159830,159865,159871,159873,159876,159890,159893,159895,159918,159920,159938,159941,159957,159959,159962,160075,160077,160166,160169,160174,160180,160183,160186,160285,160287,160346,160351,160354,160423,160427,160459,160475,160480,160487,160494,160506,160508,160557,160559,160582,160588,160636,160641,160648,160656,160662,160665,160689,160692,160694,160770,160772,160797,160803,160806,160811,160815,160829,160831,160894,160896,160928,160931,160947,160949,160955,160962,160964,160983,160985,161003,161010,161015,161022,161024,161061,161064,161071,161075,161078,161136,161139,161142,161197,161199,161211,161217,161219,161223,161256,161263,161265,161328,161331,161333,161338,161352,161359,161367,161376,161385,161391,161397,161399,161439],[10,159656,3802,159658,3806],{"id":159657},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159659,2531],{},[20,159661,22,159662,159664],{},[15,159663,2531],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159666,62773,159667,104578],{},[15,159668,2531],{},[258,159670,159671,159674,159677,159680],{},[261,159672,159673],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[261,159675,159676],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[261,159678,159679],{},"debug confusing code",[261,159681,159682,159683],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[277,159684,159685],{"href":8438},[15,159686,3189],{},[20,159688,159689],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[36,159691,159693],{"className":38,"code":159692,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"type(object)\n",[15,159694,159695],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159696,159697,159699,159701,159703],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159698,1478],{"class":171},[45,159700,156],{"class":59},[45,159702,42398],{"class":171},[45,159704,161],{"class":59},[20,159706,159707,159708,159710],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159709,2531],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[31,159712,3836],{"id":3835},[36,159714,159716],{"className":38,"code":159715,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159717,159718,159730,159744,159748,159756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159719,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159721,8097],{"class":51},[45,159723,56],{"class":55},[45,159725,76],{"class":63},[45,159727,5228],{"class":67},[45,159729,468],{"class":63},[45,159731,159732,159734,159736,159738,159740,159742],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159733,153],{"class":152},[45,159735,156],{"class":59},[45,159737,1478],{"class":171},[45,159739,156],{"class":59},[45,159741,68],{"class":135},[45,159743,179],{"class":59},[45,159745,159746],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,159747,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,159749,159750,159752,159754],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,159751,2447],{"class":51},[45,159753,56],{"class":55},[45,159755,2817],{"class":96},[45,159757,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766,159768],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,159759,153],{"class":152},[45,159761,156],{"class":59},[45,159763,1478],{"class":171},[45,159765,156],{"class":59},[45,159767,2469],{"class":135},[45,159769,179],{"class":59},[20,159771,182],{},[36,159773,159774],{"className":38,"code":125081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,159775,159776,159790],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159777,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159779,1594],{"class":55},[45,159781,1598],{"class":1597},[45,159783,211],{"class":63},[45,159785,3669],{"class":67},[45,159787,198],{"class":63},[45,159789,1607],{"class":55},[45,159791,159792,159794,159796,159798,159800,159802],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159793,1594],{"class":55},[45,159795,1598],{"class":1597},[45,159797,211],{"class":63},[45,159799,2418],{"class":67},[45,159801,198],{"class":63},[45,159803,1607],{"class":55},[20,159805,1006,159806,159809,159810,329,159813,132],{},[15,159807,159808],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159811,159812],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159814,159815],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[31,159817,13195,159819,159821],{"id":159818},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159820,2531],{}," function does",[20,159823,159824,159826],{},[15,159825,2531],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159828,159829],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[258,159831,159832,159837,159842,159847,159852,159857],{},[261,159833,159834,159836],{},[15,159835,3669],{}," for text",[261,159838,159839,159841],{},[15,159840,2418],{}," for whole numbers",[261,159843,159844,159846],{},[15,159845,2422],{}," for decimal numbers",[261,159848,159849,159851],{},[15,159850,172],{}," for lists",[261,159853,159854,159856],{},[15,159855,9039],{}," for dictionaries",[261,159858,159859,69102,159861,329,159863],{},[15,159860,4096],{},[15,159862,3831],{},[15,159864,3902],{},[20,159866,159867,159868,159870],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159869,2531],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[31,159872,284],{"id":283},[20,159874,159875],{},"The main beginner form is:",[36,159877,159878],{"className":38,"code":159692,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,159879,159880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159881,159882,159884,159886,159888],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159883,1478],{"class":171},[45,159885,156],{"class":59},[45,159887,42398],{"class":171},[45,159889,161],{"class":59},[20,159891,159892],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159894,361],{},[36,159896,159898],{"className":38,"code":159897,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159899,159900],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159901,159902,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159903,153],{"class":152},[45,159905,156],{"class":59},[45,159907,1478],{"class":171},[45,159909,156],{"class":59},[45,159911,64],{"class":63},[45,159913,4073],{"class":67},[45,159915,64],{"class":63},[45,159917,179],{"class":59},[20,159919,182],{},[36,159921,159922],{"className":38,"code":45771,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,159923,159924],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159925,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934,159936],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159927,1594],{"class":55},[45,159929,1598],{"class":1597},[45,159931,211],{"class":63},[45,159933,3669],{"class":67},[45,159935,198],{"class":63},[45,159937,1607],{"class":55},[20,159939,159940],{},"You can pass either:",[258,159942,159943,159950],{},[261,159944,159945,159946,995,159948],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159947,64541],{},[15,159949,46527],{},[261,159951,159952,159953,995,159955],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159954,68],{},[15,159956,89],{},[31,159958,121893],{"id":121892},[20,159960,159961],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[36,159963,159965],{"className":38,"code":159964,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159966,159967,159985,159999,160013,160035,160061],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,159968,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,159970,153],{"class":152},[45,159972,156],{"class":59},[45,159974,1478],{"class":171},[45,159976,156],{"class":59},[45,159978,64],{"class":63},[45,159980,4073],{"class":67},[45,159982,64],{"class":63},[45,159984,179],{"class":59},[45,159986,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,159988,153],{"class":152},[45,159990,156],{"class":59},[45,159992,1478],{"class":171},[45,159994,156],{"class":59},[45,159996,2560],{"class":96},[45,159998,179],{"class":59},[45,160000,160001,160003,160005,160007,160009,160011],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160002,153],{"class":152},[45,160004,156],{"class":59},[45,160006,1478],{"class":171},[45,160008,156],{"class":59},[45,160010,40141],{"class":96},[45,160012,179],{"class":59},[45,160014,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160016,153],{"class":152},[45,160018,156],{"class":59},[45,160020,1478],{"class":171},[45,160022,195],{"class":59},[45,160024,1430],{"class":96},[45,160026,84],{"class":59},[45,160028,1035],{"class":96},[45,160030,84],{"class":59},[45,160032,1063],{"class":96},[45,160034,3229],{"class":59},[45,160036,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,160038,153],{"class":152},[45,160040,156],{"class":59},[45,160042,1478],{"class":171},[45,160044,5750],{"class":59},[45,160046,64],{"class":63},[45,160048,68],{"class":67},[45,160050,64],{"class":63},[45,160052,73],{"class":59},[45,160054,76],{"class":63},[45,160056,5228],{"class":67},[45,160058,64],{"class":63},[45,160060,5759],{"class":59},[45,160062,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,160064,153],{"class":152},[45,160066,156],{"class":59},[45,160068,1478],{"class":171},[45,160070,156],{"class":59},[45,160072,3831],{"class":4080},[45,160074,179],{"class":59},[20,160076,182],{},[36,160078,160080],{"className":38,"code":160079,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160081,160082,160096,160110,160124,160138,160152],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160083,160084,160086,160088,160090,160092,160094],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160085,1594],{"class":55},[45,160087,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160089,211],{"class":63},[45,160091,3669],{"class":67},[45,160093,198],{"class":63},[45,160095,1607],{"class":55},[45,160097,160098,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160099,1594],{"class":55},[45,160101,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160103,211],{"class":63},[45,160105,2418],{"class":67},[45,160107,198],{"class":63},[45,160109,1607],{"class":55},[45,160111,160112,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160113,1594],{"class":55},[45,160115,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160117,211],{"class":63},[45,160119,2422],{"class":67},[45,160121,198],{"class":63},[45,160123,1607],{"class":55},[45,160125,160126,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160127,1594],{"class":55},[45,160129,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160131,211],{"class":63},[45,160133,172],{"class":67},[45,160135,198],{"class":63},[45,160137,1607],{"class":55},[45,160139,160140,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,160141,1594],{"class":55},[45,160143,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160145,211],{"class":63},[45,160147,9039],{"class":67},[45,160149,198],{"class":63},[45,160151,1607],{"class":55},[45,160153,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,160155,1594],{"class":55},[45,160157,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160159,211],{"class":63},[45,160161,4096],{"class":67},[45,160163,198],{"class":63},[45,160165,1607],{"class":55},[20,160167,160168],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160170,160171,160172,132],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[277,160173,44798],{"href":48980},[31,160175,1797,160177,160179],{"id":160176},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160178,2531],{}," with variables",[20,160181,160182],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160184,160185],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[36,160187,160189],{"className":38,"code":160188,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160190,160191,160199,160217,160221,160233,160251,160255,160267],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160192,160193,160195,160197],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160194,2677],{"class":51},[45,160196,56],{"class":55},[45,160198,2817],{"class":96},[45,160200,160201,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213,160215],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160202,153],{"class":152},[45,160204,156],{"class":59},[45,160206,947],{"class":135},[45,160208,84],{"class":59},[45,160210,49392],{"class":171},[45,160212,156],{"class":59},[45,160214,947],{"class":135},[45,160216,179],{"class":59},[45,160218,160219],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160220,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160222,160223,160225,160227,160229,160231],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160224,2677],{"class":51},[45,160226,56],{"class":55},[45,160228,76],{"class":63},[45,160230,45908],{"class":67},[45,160232,468],{"class":63},[45,160234,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,160236,153],{"class":152},[45,160238,156],{"class":59},[45,160240,947],{"class":135},[45,160242,84],{"class":59},[45,160244,49392],{"class":171},[45,160246,156],{"class":59},[45,160248,947],{"class":135},[45,160250,179],{"class":59},[45,160252,160253],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,160254,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160256,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,160258,2677],{"class":51},[45,160260,56],{"class":55},[45,160262,1427],{"class":59},[45,160264,2560],{"class":96},[45,160266,244],{"class":59},[45,160268,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281,160283],{"class":47,"line":6646},[45,160270,153],{"class":152},[45,160272,156],{"class":59},[45,160274,947],{"class":135},[45,160276,84],{"class":59},[45,160278,49392],{"class":171},[45,160280,156],{"class":59},[45,160282,947],{"class":135},[45,160284,179],{"class":59},[20,160286,182],{},[36,160288,160290],{"className":38,"code":160289,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160291,160292,160309,160326],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160293,160294,160296,160299,160301,160303,160305,160307],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160295,2560],{"class":96},[45,160297,160298],{"class":55}," \u003C",[45,160300,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160302,211],{"class":63},[45,160304,2418],{"class":67},[45,160306,198],{"class":63},[45,160308,1607],{"class":55},[45,160310,160311,160314,160316,160318,160320,160322,160324],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160312,160313],{"class":51},"ten ",[45,160315,1594],{"class":55},[45,160317,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160319,211],{"class":63},[45,160321,3669],{"class":67},[45,160323,198],{"class":63},[45,160325,1607],{"class":55},[45,160327,160328,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160329,223],{"class":59},[45,160331,2560],{"class":96},[45,160333,457],{"class":59},[45,160335,160298],{"class":55},[45,160337,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160339,211],{"class":63},[45,160341,172],{"class":67},[45,160343,198],{"class":63},[45,160345,1607],{"class":55},[20,160347,160348,160350],{},[15,160349,2531],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160352,160353],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[36,160355,160357],{"className":38,"code":160356,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160358,160359,160377,160391,160395,160409],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160362,3617],{"class":51},[45,160364,56],{"class":55},[45,160366,8461],{"class":152},[45,160368,156],{"class":59},[45,160370,64],{"class":63},[45,160372,41870],{"class":67},[45,160374,64],{"class":63},[45,160376,161],{"class":59},[45,160378,160379,160381,160383,160385,160387,160389],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160380,153],{"class":152},[45,160382,156],{"class":59},[45,160384,1478],{"class":171},[45,160386,156],{"class":59},[45,160388,3643],{"class":135},[45,160390,179],{"class":59},[45,160392,160393],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160394,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160396,160397,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160398,123005],{"class":51},[45,160400,56],{"class":55},[45,160402,45277],{"class":171},[45,160404,156],{"class":59},[45,160406,3643],{"class":135},[45,160408,161],{"class":59},[45,160410,160411,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,160412,153],{"class":152},[45,160414,156],{"class":59},[45,160416,1478],{"class":171},[45,160418,156],{"class":59},[45,160420,123028],{"class":135},[45,160422,179],{"class":59},[20,160424,41119,160425,41123],{},[15,160426,9411],{},[36,160428,160429],{"className":38,"code":125081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,160430,160431,160445],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160432,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160434,1594],{"class":55},[45,160436,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160438,211],{"class":63},[45,160440,3669],{"class":67},[45,160442,198],{"class":63},[45,160444,1607],{"class":55},[45,160446,160447,160449,160451,160453,160455,160457],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160448,1594],{"class":55},[45,160450,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160452,211],{"class":63},[45,160454,2418],{"class":67},[45,160456,198],{"class":63},[45,160458,1607],{"class":55},[20,160460,45704,160461,160465,160466,995,160470,160474],{},[277,160462,160463],{"href":8438},[15,160464,3189],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[277,160467,160468],{"href":3106},[15,160469,3109],{},[277,160471,160472],{"href":3112},[15,160473,3115],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160476,160477,160478,132],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[277,160479,9199],{"href":9198},[31,160481,160483,1174,160485],{"id":160482},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160484,2531],{},[15,160486,44806],{},[20,160488,160489,329,160491,160493],{},[15,160490,2531],{},[15,160492,44806],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[258,160495,160496,160501],{},[261,160497,160498,160500],{},[15,160499,2531],{}," tells you the exact type",[261,160502,160503,160505],{},[15,160504,44806],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160507,361],{},[36,160509,160511],{"className":38,"code":160510,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160512,160513,160521,160525,160539],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160514,160515,160517,160519],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160516,2677],{"class":51},[45,160518,56],{"class":55},[45,160520,34835],{"class":96},[45,160522,160523],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160524,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160526,160527,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160528,153],{"class":152},[45,160530,156],{"class":59},[45,160532,1478],{"class":171},[45,160534,156],{"class":59},[45,160536,947],{"class":135},[45,160538,179],{"class":59},[45,160540,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160542,153],{"class":152},[45,160544,156],{"class":59},[45,160546,48877],{"class":152},[45,160548,156],{"class":59},[45,160550,947],{"class":135},[45,160552,84],{"class":59},[45,160554,45277],{"class":171},[45,160556,179],{"class":59},[20,160558,182],{},[36,160560,160562],{"className":38,"code":160561,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160563,160564,160578],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160565,160566,160568,160570,160572,160574,160576],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160567,1594],{"class":55},[45,160569,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160571,211],{"class":63},[45,160573,2418],{"class":67},[45,160575,198],{"class":63},[45,160577,1607],{"class":55},[45,160579,160580],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160581,4205],{"class":4080},[20,160583,160584,160585,160587],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160586,44806],{}," is more practical.",[36,160589,160591],{"className":38,"code":160590,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160592,160593,160601,160605,160621],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160594,160595,160597,160599],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160596,2677],{"class":51},[45,160598,56],{"class":55},[45,160600,34835],{"class":96},[45,160602,160603],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160604,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160606,160607,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160608,7219],{"class":921},[45,160610,49615],{"class":152},[45,160612,156],{"class":59},[45,160614,947],{"class":135},[45,160616,84],{"class":59},[45,160618,45277],{"class":171},[45,160620,8559],{"class":59},[45,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160632,160634],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160624,942],{"class":152},[45,160626,156],{"class":59},[45,160628,64],{"class":63},[45,160630,160631],{"class":67},"This is an integer",[45,160633,64],{"class":63},[45,160635,161],{"class":59},[20,160637,1006,160638,160640],{},[15,160639,2531],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160642,1006,160643,160645,160646,7394],{},[15,160644,44806],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160647,7219],{},[20,160649,160650,160651,132],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[277,160652,3802,160654,3735],{"href":160653},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160655,44806],{},[31,160657,160659,160660],{"id":160658},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160661,2531],{},[20,160663,160664],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[36,160666,160668],{"className":38,"code":160667,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160669,160670],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160671,160672,160674,160676,160678,160680,160683,160685,160687],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160673,1478],{"class":171},[45,160675,156],{"class":59},[45,160677,68],{"class":135},[45,160679,84],{"class":59},[45,160681,160682],{"class":135}," bases",[45,160684,84],{"class":59},[45,160686,9388],{"class":171},[45,160688,161],{"class":59},[20,160690,160691],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160693,361],{},[36,160695,160697],{"className":38,"code":160696,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160698,160699,160742,160746,160756],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160700,160701,160704,160706,160708,160710,160712,160715,160717,160719,160722,160724,160726,160729,160731,160733,160735,160738,160740],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160702,160703],{"class":51},"Person ",[45,160705,56],{"class":55},[45,160707,49392],{"class":171},[45,160709,156],{"class":59},[45,160711,64],{"class":63},[45,160713,160714],{"class":67},"Person",[45,160716,64],{"class":63},[45,160718,84],{"class":59},[45,160720,160721],{"class":59}," (),",[45,160723,60],{"class":59},[45,160725,64],{"class":63},[45,160727,160728],{"class":67},"species",[45,160730,64],{"class":63},[45,160732,73],{"class":59},[45,160734,76],{"class":63},[45,160736,160737],{"class":67},"human",[45,160739,64],{"class":63},[45,160741,30651],{"class":59},[45,160743,160744],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160745,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160747,160748,160750,160752,160754],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160749,153],{"class":152},[45,160751,156],{"class":59},[45,160753,160714],{"class":135},[45,160755,161],{"class":59},[45,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160759,153],{"class":152},[45,160761,156],{"class":59},[45,160763,160714],{"class":135},[45,160765,132],{"class":59},[45,160767,160728],{"class":1863},[45,160769,161],{"class":59},[20,160771,182],{},[36,160773,160775],{"className":38,"code":160774,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160776,160777,160792],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160778,160779,160781,160783,160785,160788,160790],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160780,1594],{"class":55},[45,160782,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160784,211],{"class":63},[45,160786,160787],{"class":67},"__main__.Person",[45,160789,198],{"class":63},[45,160791,1607],{"class":55},[45,160793,160794],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160795,160796],{"class":51},"human\n",[20,160798,160799,160800,160802],{},"Most beginners do ",[355,160801,4854],{}," need this form.",[20,160804,160805],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[31,160807,5185,160809],{"id":160808},"when-to-use-type",[15,160810,2531],{},[20,160812,160813,12646],{},[15,160814,2531],{},[258,160816,160817,160820,160823,160826],{},[261,160818,160819],{},"debug unexpected values",[261,160821,160822],{},"check what a conversion produced",[261,160824,160825],{},"learn Python data types",[261,160827,160828],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160830,5693],{},[36,160832,160834],{"className":38,"code":160833,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160835,160836,160848,160862,160866,160880],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160837,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160839,34680],{"class":51},[45,160841,56],{"class":55},[45,160843,76],{"class":63},[45,160845,50248],{"class":67},[45,160847,468],{"class":63},[45,160849,160850,160852,160854,160856,160858,160860],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160851,2447],{"class":51},[45,160853,56],{"class":55},[45,160855,45277],{"class":171},[45,160857,156],{"class":59},[45,160859,34701],{"class":135},[45,160861,161],{"class":59},[45,160863,160864],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,160865,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,160867,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,160869,153],{"class":152},[45,160871,156],{"class":59},[45,160873,1478],{"class":171},[45,160875,156],{"class":59},[45,160877,34701],{"class":135},[45,160879,179],{"class":59},[45,160881,160882,160884,160886,160888,160890,160892],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,160883,153],{"class":152},[45,160885,156],{"class":59},[45,160887,1478],{"class":171},[45,160889,156],{"class":59},[45,160891,2469],{"class":135},[45,160893,179],{"class":59},[20,160895,182],{},[36,160897,160898],{"className":38,"code":125081,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,160899,160900,160914],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160901,160902,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160903,1594],{"class":55},[45,160905,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160907,211],{"class":63},[45,160909,3669],{"class":67},[45,160911,198],{"class":63},[45,160913,1607],{"class":55},[45,160915,160916,160918,160920,160922,160924,160926],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,160917,1594],{"class":55},[45,160919,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160921,211],{"class":63},[45,160923,2418],{"class":67},[45,160925,198],{"class":63},[45,160927,1607],{"class":55},[20,160929,160930],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160932,160933,160934,2419,160938,17257,160942,160946],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[277,160935,160936],{"href":42174},[15,160937,47685],{},[277,160939,160940],{"href":3106},[15,160941,3109],{},[277,160943,160944],{"href":3112},[15,160945,3115],{}," are often the next step.",[31,160948,25519],{"id":25518},[20,160950,160951,160952,160954],{},"A few things about ",[15,160953,2531],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1398,160956,160958,160961],{"id":160957},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160959,160960],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160963,64650],{},[36,160965,160967],{"className":38,"code":160966,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160968,160969],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160970,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160972,153],{"class":152},[45,160974,156],{"class":59},[45,160976,1478],{"class":171},[45,160978,156],{"class":59},[45,160980,2366],{"class":96},[45,160982,179],{"class":59},[20,160984,122924],{},[36,160986,160987],{"className":38,"code":156436,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,160988,160989],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,160990,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,160992,1594],{"class":55},[45,160994,1598],{"class":1597},[45,160996,211],{"class":63},[45,160998,2418],{"class":67},[45,161000,198],{"class":63},[45,161002,1607],{"class":55},[20,161004,40904,161005,161007,161008,132],{},[355,161006,4854],{}," print just ",[15,161009,2418],{},[20,161011,6898,161012,161014],{},[15,161013,2531],{}," returns a class object.",[1398,161016,161018,2627,161020],{"id":161017},"input-returns-str",[15,161019,3189],{},[15,161021,3669],{},[20,161023,79549],{},[36,161025,161027],{"className":38,"code":161026,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161028,161029,161047],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161030,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161032,2677],{"class":51},[45,161034,56],{"class":55},[45,161036,8461],{"class":152},[45,161038,156],{"class":59},[45,161040,64],{"class":63},[45,161042,46311],{"class":67},[45,161044,64],{"class":63},[45,161046,161],{"class":59},[45,161048,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161050,153],{"class":152},[45,161052,156],{"class":59},[45,161054,1478],{"class":171},[45,161056,156],{"class":59},[45,161058,947],{"class":135},[45,161060,179],{"class":59},[20,161062,161063],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161065,161066,161067,995,161069,132],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161068,3109],{},[15,161070,3115],{},[1398,161072,161074],{"id":161073},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161076,161077],{},"Avoid code like this:",[36,161079,161081],{"className":38,"code":161080,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161082,161083,161091,161095,161121],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161084,161085,161087,161089],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161086,2677],{"class":51},[45,161088,56],{"class":55},[45,161090,34835],{"class":96},[45,161092,161093],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161094,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,161096,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107,161109,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161098,7219],{"class":921},[45,161100,48906],{"class":171},[45,161102,156],{"class":59},[45,161104,1478],{"class":171},[45,161106,156],{"class":59},[45,161108,947],{"class":135},[45,161110,5582],{"class":59},[45,161112,6629],{"class":55},[45,161114,76],{"class":63},[45,161116,159815],{"class":67},[45,161118,64],{"class":63},[45,161120,6614],{"class":59},[45,161122,161123,161125,161127,161129,161132,161134],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,161124,942],{"class":152},[45,161126,156],{"class":59},[45,161128,64],{"class":63},[45,161130,161131],{"class":67},"It is an int",[45,161133,64],{"class":63},[45,161135,161],{"class":59},[20,161137,161138],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161140,161141],{},"Better options:",[36,161143,161145],{"className":38,"code":161144,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161146,161147,161155,161159,161179],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161148,161149,161151,161153],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161150,2677],{"class":51},[45,161152,56],{"class":55},[45,161154,34835],{"class":96},[45,161156,161157],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161158,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,161160,161161,161163,161165,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161162,153],{"class":152},[45,161164,156],{"class":59},[45,161166,1478],{"class":171},[45,161168,156],{"class":59},[45,161170,947],{"class":135},[45,161172,3889],{"class":59},[45,161174,6629],{"class":55},[45,161176,45277],{"class":171},[45,161178,161],{"class":59},[45,161180,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,161182,153],{"class":152},[45,161184,156],{"class":59},[45,161186,48877],{"class":152},[45,161188,156],{"class":59},[45,161190,947],{"class":135},[45,161192,84],{"class":59},[45,161194,45277],{"class":171},[45,161196,179],{"class":59},[20,161198,182],{},[36,161200,161201],{"className":38,"code":4730,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,161202,161203,161207],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161204,161205],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161206,4205],{"class":4080},[45,161208,161209],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161210,4205],{"class":4080},[20,161212,161213,161214,161216],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161215,44806],{}," is the more useful check.",[31,161218,3061],{"id":3060},[20,161220,14926,161221,73],{},[15,161222,2531],{},[258,161224,161225,161235,161244,161253],{},[261,161226,1797,161227,161229,161230,161234],{},[15,161228,2531],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[277,161231,161232],{"href":8438},[15,161233,3189],{}," always returns a string",[261,161236,8670,161237,161239,161240,1800,161242],{},[15,161238,2531],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161241,2418],{},[15,161243,159815],{},[261,161245,1797,161246,44630,161249,161252],{},[15,161247,161248],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161250,161251],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[261,161254,161255],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161257,161258,161259,132],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[277,161260,161262],{"href":161261},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161264,144590],{},[36,161266,161268],{"className":38,"code":161267,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161269,161270,161284,161294,161308,161318],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161271,161272,161274,161276,161278,161280,161282],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161273,153],{"class":152},[45,161275,156],{"class":59},[45,161277,1478],{"class":171},[45,161279,156],{"class":59},[45,161281,947],{"class":135},[45,161283,179],{"class":59},[45,161285,161286,161288,161290,161292],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161287,153],{"class":152},[45,161289,156],{"class":59},[45,161291,947],{"class":135},[45,161293,161],{"class":59},[45,161295,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161297,153],{"class":152},[45,161299,156],{"class":59},[45,161301,41778],{"class":152},[45,161303,156],{"class":59},[45,161305,947],{"class":135},[45,161307,179],{"class":59},[45,161309,161310,161312,161314,161316],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,161311,32306],{"class":152},[45,161313,156],{"class":59},[45,161315,1478],{"class":171},[45,161317,161],{"class":59},[45,161319,161320,161322,161324,161326],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,161321,34364],{"class":152},[45,161323,156],{"class":59},[45,161325,947],{"class":135},[45,161327,161],{"class":59},[20,161329,161330],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[31,161332,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,161334,2049,161336,2052],{"id":161335},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161337,2531],{},[20,161339,161340,161341,2419,161343,2419,161345,2423,161347,161349,161350,132],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161342,3669],{},[15,161344,2418],{},[15,161346,172],{},[15,161348,9039],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161351,159812],{},[1398,161353,15096,161355,57210,161357,2079],{"id":161354},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161356,2531],{},[15,161358,44806],{},[20,161360,46366,161361,161363,161364,161366],{},[15,161362,2531],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161365,44806],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1398,161368,5378,161370,161373,161374,2079],{"id":161369},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161371,161372],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161375,3669],{},[20,161377,29217,161378,161380,161381,995,161383,160474],{},[15,161379,3189],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161382,3109],{},[15,161384,3115],{},[1398,161386,5390,161388,161390],{"id":161387},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161389,2531],{}," create classes?",[20,161392,161393,161394,132],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161395,161396],{},"type(object)",[31,161398,2114],{"id":2113},[258,161400,161401,161405,161411,161417,161421,161427,161433],{},[261,161402,161403],{},[277,161404,44798],{"href":48980},[261,161406,161407],{},[277,161408,3802,161409,3735],{"href":160653},[15,161410,44806],{},[261,161412,161413],{},[277,161414,3802,161415,3735],{"href":8438},[15,161416,3189],{},[261,161418,161419],{},[277,161420,9276],{"href":9198},[261,161422,161423],{},[277,161424,3802,161425,3735],{"href":3106},[15,161426,3109],{},[261,161428,161429],{},[277,161430,3802,161431,3735],{"href":3112},[15,161432,3115],{},[261,161434,161435],{},[277,161436,3802,161437,3735],{"href":42174},[15,161438,47685],{},[2154,161440,161441],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":161443},[161444,161445,161447,161448,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161464,161465,161475],{"id":3835,"depth":121,"text":3836},{"id":159818,"depth":121,"text":161446},"What the type() function does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":121892,"depth":121,"text":121893},{"id":160176,"depth":121,"text":161450},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160482,"depth":121,"text":161452},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160658,"depth":121,"text":161454},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160808,"depth":121,"text":161456},"When to use type()",{"id":25518,"depth":121,"text":25519,"children":161458},[161459,161461,161463],{"id":160957,"depth":142,"text":161460},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161017,"depth":142,"text":161462},"input() returns str",{"id":161073,"depth":142,"text":161074},{"id":3060,"depth":121,"text":3061},{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":161466},[161467,161469,161471,161473],{"id":161335,"depth":142,"text":161468},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161354,"depth":142,"text":161470},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161369,"depth":142,"text":161472},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161387,"depth":142,"text":161474},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159652,"description":161476},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161482,"title":161483,"body":161484,"description":163963,"extension":2195,"meta":163964,"navigation":145,"path":163965,"seo":163966,"stem":163967,"__hash__":163968},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161485,"toc":163920},[161486,161491,161496,161505,161507,161607,161609,161634,161639,161644,161660,161663,161665,161667,161692,161695,161698,161781,161783,161832,161835,161957,161959,162032,162036,162039,162153,162155,162181,162183,162204,162209,162213,162218,162221,162325,162327,162344,162353,162356,162443,162445,162456,162461,162467,162472,162478,162481,162574,162576,162625,162631,162634,162735,162737,162790,162795,162799,162802,162901,162903,162942,162945,162950,162952,162957,162961,163074,163078,163175,163179,163267,163269,163286,163290,163413,163419,163425,163431,163436,163439,163466,163470,163472,163566,163569,163573,163576,163663,163666,163701,163703,163740,163743,163751,163756,163761,163835,163842,163844,163849,163852,163858,163861,163867,163872,163878,163883,163887,163890,163892,163917],[10,161487,3802,161489,3806],{"id":161488},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161490,64326],{},[20,161492,161493,161495],{},[15,161494,64326],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161497,161498,161499,161501,161502,161504],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161500,64326],{}," inside a ",[15,161503,855],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[31,161506,34],{"id":33},[36,161508,161510],{"className":38,"code":161509,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161511,161512,161544,161564,161568,161593],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161513,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161515,5219],{"class":51},[45,161517,56],{"class":55},[45,161519,1427],{"class":59},[45,161521,64],{"class":63},[45,161523,79],{"class":67},[45,161525,64],{"class":63},[45,161527,84],{"class":59},[45,161529,76],{"class":63},[45,161531,35935],{"class":67},[45,161533,64],{"class":63},[45,161535,84],{"class":59},[45,161537,76],{"class":63},[45,161539,35944],{"class":67},[45,161541,64],{"class":63},[45,161543,244],{"class":59},[45,161545,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161547,866],{"class":51},[45,161549,56],{"class":55},[45,161551,1427],{"class":59},[45,161553,13696],{"class":96},[45,161555,84],{"class":59},[45,161557,896],{"class":96},[45,161559,84],{"class":59},[45,161561,910],{"class":96},[45,161563,244],{"class":59},[45,161565,161566],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161567,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,161569,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,161571,855],{"class":921},[45,161573,35986],{"class":51},[45,161575,84],{"class":59},[45,161577,5329],{"class":51},[45,161579,927],{"class":921},[45,161581,161582],{"class":152}," zip",[45,161584,156],{"class":59},[45,161586,5263],{"class":135},[45,161588,84],{"class":59},[45,161590,930],{"class":135},[45,161592,8559],{"class":59},[45,161594,161595,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,161596,942],{"class":152},[45,161598,156],{"class":59},[45,161600,68],{"class":135},[45,161602,84],{"class":59},[45,161604,130870],{"class":135},[45,161606,161],{"class":59},[20,161608,182],{},[36,161610,161612],{"className":38,"code":161611,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161613,161614,161620,161627],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161615,161616,161618],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161617,133889],{"class":51},[45,161619,961],{"class":96},[45,161621,161622,161625],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161623,161624],{"class":51},"Ben ",[45,161626,966],{"class":96},[45,161628,161629,161632],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161630,161631],{"class":51},"Cara ",[45,161633,971],{"class":96},[20,161635,1006,161636,161638],{},[15,161637,64326],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[31,161640,253,161642,256],{"id":161641},"what-zip-does",[15,161643,64326],{},[258,161645,161646,161651,161654,161657],{},[261,161647,161648,161650],{},[15,161649,64326],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[261,161652,161653],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[261,161655,161656],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[261,161658,161659],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161661,161662],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[31,161664,284],{"id":283},[20,161666,7439],{},[36,161668,161670],{"className":38,"code":161669,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161671,161672],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161673,161674,161676,161678,161681,161683,161686,161688,161690],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161675,64396],{"class":152},[45,161677,156],{"class":59},[45,161679,161680],{"class":135},"iterable1",[45,161682,84],{"class":59},[45,161684,161685],{"class":135}," iterable2",[45,161687,84],{"class":59},[45,161689,34446],{"class":152},[45,161691,161],{"class":59},[20,161693,161694],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161696,161697],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[36,161699,161701],{"className":38,"code":161700,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161702,161703,161723,161755,161759],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161704,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161706,3846],{"class":51},[45,161708,56],{"class":55},[45,161710,1427],{"class":59},[45,161712,1430],{"class":96},[45,161714,84],{"class":59},[45,161716,1035],{"class":96},[45,161718,84],{"class":59},[45,161720,1063],{"class":96},[45,161722,244],{"class":59},[45,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161726,36085],{"class":51},[45,161728,56],{"class":55},[45,161730,1427],{"class":59},[45,161732,64],{"class":63},[45,161734,277],{"class":67},[45,161736,64],{"class":63},[45,161738,84],{"class":59},[45,161740,76],{"class":63},[45,161742,1930],{"class":67},[45,161744,64],{"class":63},[45,161746,84],{"class":59},[45,161748,76],{"class":63},[45,161750,9951],{"class":67},[45,161752,64],{"class":63},[45,161754,244],{"class":59},[45,161756,161757],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161758,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,161760,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,161762,153],{"class":152},[45,161764,156],{"class":59},[45,161766,172],{"class":171},[45,161768,156],{"class":59},[45,161770,64396],{"class":152},[45,161772,156],{"class":59},[45,161774,3876],{"class":135},[45,161776,84],{"class":59},[45,161778,70103],{"class":135},[45,161780,3143],{"class":59},[20,161782,182],{},[36,161784,161786],{"className":38,"code":161785,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161787,161788],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161789,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161791,21917],{"class":59},[45,161793,1430],{"class":96},[45,161795,84],{"class":59},[45,161797,211],{"class":63},[45,161799,277],{"class":67},[45,161801,198],{"class":63},[45,161803,9450],{"class":59},[45,161805,9453],{"class":59},[45,161807,1133],{"class":96},[45,161809,84],{"class":59},[45,161811,211],{"class":63},[45,161813,1930],{"class":67},[45,161815,198],{"class":63},[45,161817,9450],{"class":59},[45,161819,9453],{"class":59},[45,161821,2294],{"class":96},[45,161823,84],{"class":59},[45,161825,211],{"class":63},[45,161827,9951],{"class":67},[45,161829,198],{"class":63},[45,161831,9466],{"class":59},[20,161833,161834],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[36,161836,161838],{"className":38,"code":161837,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161839,161840,161872,161892,161926,161930],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161841,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161843,5219],{"class":51},[45,161845,56],{"class":55},[45,161847,1427],{"class":59},[45,161849,64],{"class":63},[45,161851,79],{"class":67},[45,161853,64],{"class":63},[45,161855,84],{"class":59},[45,161857,76],{"class":63},[45,161859,35935],{"class":67},[45,161861,64],{"class":63},[45,161863,84],{"class":59},[45,161865,76],{"class":63},[45,161867,35944],{"class":67},[45,161869,64],{"class":63},[45,161871,244],{"class":59},[45,161873,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,161875,866],{"class":51},[45,161877,56],{"class":55},[45,161879,1427],{"class":59},[45,161881,13696],{"class":96},[45,161883,84],{"class":59},[45,161885,896],{"class":96},[45,161887,84],{"class":59},[45,161889,910],{"class":96},[45,161891,244],{"class":59},[45,161893,161894,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161922,161924],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,161895,161896],{"class":51},"grades ",[45,161898,56],{"class":55},[45,161900,1427],{"class":59},[45,161902,64],{"class":63},[45,161904,22420],{"class":67},[45,161906,64],{"class":63},[45,161908,84],{"class":59},[45,161910,76],{"class":63},[45,161912,30755],{"class":67},[45,161914,64],{"class":63},[45,161916,84],{"class":59},[45,161918,76],{"class":63},[45,161920,161921],{"class":67},"B+",[45,161923,64],{"class":63},[45,161925,244],{"class":59},[45,161927,161928],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,161929,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,161931,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161955],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,161933,153],{"class":152},[45,161935,156],{"class":59},[45,161937,172],{"class":171},[45,161939,156],{"class":59},[45,161941,64396],{"class":152},[45,161943,156],{"class":59},[45,161945,5263],{"class":135},[45,161947,84],{"class":59},[45,161949,930],{"class":135},[45,161951,84],{"class":59},[45,161953,161954],{"class":135}," grades",[45,161956,3143],{"class":59},[20,161958,182],{},[36,161960,161962],{"className":38,"code":161961,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161963,161964],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,161965,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026,162028,162030],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,161967,21917],{"class":59},[45,161969,198],{"class":63},[45,161971,79],{"class":67},[45,161973,198],{"class":63},[45,161975,84],{"class":59},[45,161977,882],{"class":96},[45,161979,84],{"class":59},[45,161981,211],{"class":63},[45,161983,22420],{"class":67},[45,161985,198],{"class":63},[45,161987,9450],{"class":59},[45,161989,9453],{"class":59},[45,161991,198],{"class":63},[45,161993,35935],{"class":67},[45,161995,198],{"class":63},[45,161997,84],{"class":59},[45,161999,896],{"class":96},[45,162001,84],{"class":59},[45,162003,211],{"class":63},[45,162005,30755],{"class":67},[45,162007,198],{"class":63},[45,162009,9450],{"class":59},[45,162011,9453],{"class":59},[45,162013,198],{"class":63},[45,162015,35944],{"class":67},[45,162017,198],{"class":63},[45,162019,84],{"class":59},[45,162021,910],{"class":96},[45,162023,84],{"class":59},[45,162025,211],{"class":63},[45,162027,161921],{"class":67},[45,162029,198],{"class":63},[45,162031,9466],{"class":59},[31,162033,162035],{"id":162034},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162037,162038],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[36,162040,162042],{"className":38,"code":162041,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162043,162044,162076,162096,162100,162124],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162045,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162047,5219],{"class":51},[45,162049,56],{"class":55},[45,162051,1427],{"class":59},[45,162053,64],{"class":63},[45,162055,79],{"class":67},[45,162057,64],{"class":63},[45,162059,84],{"class":59},[45,162061,76],{"class":63},[45,162063,35935],{"class":67},[45,162065,64],{"class":63},[45,162067,84],{"class":59},[45,162069,76],{"class":63},[45,162071,35944],{"class":67},[45,162073,64],{"class":63},[45,162075,244],{"class":59},[45,162077,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162079,866],{"class":51},[45,162081,56],{"class":55},[45,162083,1427],{"class":59},[45,162085,13696],{"class":96},[45,162087,84],{"class":59},[45,162089,896],{"class":96},[45,162091,84],{"class":59},[45,162093,910],{"class":96},[45,162095,244],{"class":59},[45,162097,162098],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162099,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162101,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,162103,855],{"class":921},[45,162105,35986],{"class":51},[45,162107,84],{"class":59},[45,162109,5329],{"class":51},[45,162111,927],{"class":921},[45,162113,161582],{"class":152},[45,162115,156],{"class":59},[45,162117,5263],{"class":135},[45,162119,84],{"class":59},[45,162121,930],{"class":135},[45,162123,8559],{"class":59},[45,162125,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,162127,942],{"class":152},[45,162129,156],{"class":59},[45,162131,22469],{"class":1597},[45,162133,64],{"class":67},[45,162135,9495],{"class":96},[45,162137,68],{"class":135},[45,162139,22478],{"class":96},[45,162141,162142],{"class":67}," scored ",[45,162144,9495],{"class":96},[45,162146,85527],{"class":135},[45,162148,22478],{"class":96},[45,162150,64],{"class":67},[45,162152,161],{"class":59},[20,162154,182],{},[36,162156,162158],{"className":38,"code":162157,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162159,162160,162167,162174],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162161,162162,162165],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162163,162164],{"class":51},"Ana scored ",[45,162166,961],{"class":96},[45,162168,162169,162172],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162170,162171],{"class":51},"Ben scored ",[45,162173,966],{"class":96},[45,162175,162176,162179],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162177,162178],{"class":51},"Cara scored ",[45,162180,971],{"class":96},[20,162182,44931],{},[258,162184,162185,162194,162197],{},[261,162186,162187,162190,162191],{},[15,162188,162189],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162192,162193],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[261,162195,162196],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[261,162198,162199,329,162201,162203],{},[15,162200,68],{},[15,162202,85527],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162205,162206,162207,132],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[277,162208,69620],{"href":69619},[31,162210,162212],{"id":162211},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162214,162215,162217],{},[15,162216,64326],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162219,162220],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[36,162222,162224],{"className":38,"code":162223,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162225,162226,162267,162283,162287,162311],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162227,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162263,162265],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162229,5219],{"class":51},[45,162231,56],{"class":55},[45,162233,1427],{"class":59},[45,162235,64],{"class":63},[45,162237,79],{"class":67},[45,162239,64],{"class":63},[45,162241,84],{"class":59},[45,162243,76],{"class":63},[45,162245,35935],{"class":67},[45,162247,64],{"class":63},[45,162249,84],{"class":59},[45,162251,76],{"class":63},[45,162253,35944],{"class":67},[45,162255,64],{"class":63},[45,162257,84],{"class":59},[45,162259,76],{"class":63},[45,162261,162262],{"class":67},"Dan",[45,162264,64],{"class":63},[45,162266,244],{"class":59},[45,162268,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162270,866],{"class":51},[45,162272,56],{"class":55},[45,162274,1427],{"class":59},[45,162276,13696],{"class":96},[45,162278,84],{"class":59},[45,162280,896],{"class":96},[45,162282,244],{"class":59},[45,162284,162285],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162286,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162288,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,162290,855],{"class":921},[45,162292,35986],{"class":51},[45,162294,84],{"class":59},[45,162296,5329],{"class":51},[45,162298,927],{"class":921},[45,162300,161582],{"class":152},[45,162302,156],{"class":59},[45,162304,5263],{"class":135},[45,162306,84],{"class":59},[45,162308,930],{"class":135},[45,162310,8559],{"class":59},[45,162312,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321,162323],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,162314,942],{"class":152},[45,162316,156],{"class":59},[45,162318,68],{"class":135},[45,162320,84],{"class":59},[45,162322,130870],{"class":135},[45,162324,161],{"class":59},[20,162326,182],{},[36,162328,162330],{"className":38,"code":162329,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162331,162332,162338],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162333,162334,162336],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162335,133889],{"class":51},[45,162337,961],{"class":96},[45,162339,162340,162342],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162341,161624],{"class":51},[45,162343,966],{"class":96},[20,162345,2515,162346,329,162349,162352],{},[15,162347,162348],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162350,162351],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162354,162355],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[36,162357,162359],{"className":38,"code":162358,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162360,162361,162401,162417,162421],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162362,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387,162389,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162364,5219],{"class":51},[45,162366,56],{"class":55},[45,162368,1427],{"class":59},[45,162370,64],{"class":63},[45,162372,79],{"class":67},[45,162374,64],{"class":63},[45,162376,84],{"class":59},[45,162378,76],{"class":63},[45,162380,35935],{"class":67},[45,162382,64],{"class":63},[45,162384,84],{"class":59},[45,162386,76],{"class":63},[45,162388,35944],{"class":67},[45,162390,64],{"class":63},[45,162392,84],{"class":59},[45,162394,76],{"class":63},[45,162396,162262],{"class":67},[45,162398,64],{"class":63},[45,162400,244],{"class":59},[45,162402,162403,162405,162407,162409,162411,162413,162415],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162404,866],{"class":51},[45,162406,56],{"class":55},[45,162408,1427],{"class":59},[45,162410,13696],{"class":96},[45,162412,84],{"class":59},[45,162414,896],{"class":96},[45,162416,244],{"class":59},[45,162418,162419],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162420,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162422,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,162424,153],{"class":152},[45,162426,156],{"class":59},[45,162428,11369],{"class":152},[45,162430,156],{"class":59},[45,162432,5263],{"class":135},[45,162434,9450],{"class":59},[45,162436,38383],{"class":152},[45,162438,156],{"class":59},[45,162440,16582],{"class":135},[45,162442,179],{"class":59},[20,162444,182],{},[36,162446,162448],{"className":38,"code":162447,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"4 2\n",[15,162449,162450],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162451,162452,162454],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162453,2734],{"class":96},[45,162455,45590],{"class":96},[20,162457,162458,162459,132],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162460,64326],{},[31,162462,92118,162464,162466],{"id":162463},"converting-zip-output",[15,162465,64326],{}," output",[20,162468,29217,162469,162471],{},[15,162470,64326],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1398,162473,1006,162475],{"id":162474},"use-listzip",[15,162476,162477],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162479,162480],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[36,162482,162484],{"className":38,"code":162483,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162485,162486,162518,162538,162542,162564],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162487,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162489,5219],{"class":51},[45,162491,56],{"class":55},[45,162493,1427],{"class":59},[45,162495,64],{"class":63},[45,162497,79],{"class":67},[45,162499,64],{"class":63},[45,162501,84],{"class":59},[45,162503,76],{"class":63},[45,162505,35935],{"class":67},[45,162507,64],{"class":63},[45,162509,84],{"class":59},[45,162511,76],{"class":63},[45,162513,35944],{"class":67},[45,162515,64],{"class":63},[45,162517,244],{"class":59},[45,162519,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532,162534,162536],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162521,866],{"class":51},[45,162523,56],{"class":55},[45,162525,1427],{"class":59},[45,162527,13696],{"class":96},[45,162529,84],{"class":59},[45,162531,896],{"class":96},[45,162533,84],{"class":59},[45,162535,910],{"class":96},[45,162537,244],{"class":59},[45,162539,162540],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162541,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162543,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,162545,9432],{"class":51},[45,162547,56],{"class":55},[45,162549,587],{"class":171},[45,162551,156],{"class":59},[45,162553,64396],{"class":152},[45,162555,156],{"class":59},[45,162557,5263],{"class":135},[45,162559,84],{"class":59},[45,162561,930],{"class":135},[45,162563,179],{"class":59},[45,162565,162566,162568,162570,162572],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,162567,153],{"class":152},[45,162569,156],{"class":59},[45,162571,9479],{"class":135},[45,162573,161],{"class":59},[20,162575,182],{},[36,162577,162579],{"className":38,"code":162578,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162580,162581],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162582,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162584,21917],{"class":59},[45,162586,198],{"class":63},[45,162588,79],{"class":67},[45,162590,198],{"class":63},[45,162592,84],{"class":59},[45,162594,882],{"class":96},[45,162596,9450],{"class":59},[45,162598,9453],{"class":59},[45,162600,198],{"class":63},[45,162602,35935],{"class":67},[45,162604,198],{"class":63},[45,162606,84],{"class":59},[45,162608,896],{"class":96},[45,162610,9450],{"class":59},[45,162612,9453],{"class":59},[45,162614,198],{"class":63},[45,162616,35944],{"class":67},[45,162618,198],{"class":63},[45,162620,84],{"class":59},[45,162622,910],{"class":96},[45,162624,9466],{"class":59},[1398,162626,1006,162628],{"id":162627},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162629,162630],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162632,162633],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[36,162635,162637],{"className":38,"code":162636,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162638,162639,162671,162699,162703,162725],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162640,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162642,17425],{"class":51},[45,162644,56],{"class":55},[45,162646,1427],{"class":59},[45,162648,64],{"class":63},[45,162650,68],{"class":67},[45,162652,64],{"class":63},[45,162654,84],{"class":59},[45,162656,76],{"class":63},[45,162658,89],{"class":67},[45,162660,64],{"class":63},[45,162662,84],{"class":59},[45,162664,76],{"class":63},[45,162666,104],{"class":67},[45,162668,64],{"class":63},[45,162670,244],{"class":59},[45,162672,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162674,124],{"class":51},[45,162676,56],{"class":55},[45,162678,1427],{"class":59},[45,162680,64],{"class":63},[45,162682,79],{"class":67},[45,162684,64],{"class":63},[45,162686,84],{"class":59},[45,162688,403],{"class":96},[45,162690,84],{"class":59},[45,162692,76],{"class":63},[45,162694,113],{"class":67},[45,162696,64],{"class":63},[45,162698,244],{"class":59},[45,162700,162701],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162702,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162704,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,162706,371],{"class":51},[45,162708,56],{"class":55},[45,162710,9388],{"class":171},[45,162712,156],{"class":59},[45,162714,64396],{"class":152},[45,162716,156],{"class":59},[45,162718,1260],{"class":135},[45,162720,84],{"class":59},[45,162722,4113],{"class":135},[45,162724,179],{"class":59},[45,162726,162727,162729,162731,162733],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,162728,153],{"class":152},[45,162730,156],{"class":59},[45,162732,446],{"class":135},[45,162734,161],{"class":59},[20,162736,182],{},[36,162738,162740],{"className":38,"code":162739,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162741,162742],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162743,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162745,9495],{"class":59},[45,162747,198],{"class":63},[45,162749,68],{"class":67},[45,162751,198],{"class":63},[45,162753,73],{"class":59},[45,162755,211],{"class":63},[45,162757,79],{"class":67},[45,162759,198],{"class":63},[45,162761,84],{"class":59},[45,162763,211],{"class":63},[45,162765,89],{"class":67},[45,162767,198],{"class":63},[45,162769,73],{"class":59},[45,162771,403],{"class":96},[45,162773,84],{"class":59},[45,162775,211],{"class":63},[45,162777,104],{"class":67},[45,162779,198],{"class":63},[45,162781,73],{"class":59},[45,162783,211],{"class":63},[45,162785,113],{"class":67},[45,162787,198],{"class":63},[45,162789,118],{"class":59},[20,162791,162792,162793,132],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[277,162794,31241],{"href":31240},[1398,162796,162798],{"id":162797},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162800,162801],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[36,162803,162805],{"className":38,"code":162804,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162806,162807,162831,162847,162851,162869,162873,162887],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817,162819,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162810,5219],{"class":51},[45,162812,56],{"class":55},[45,162814,1427],{"class":59},[45,162816,64],{"class":63},[45,162818,79],{"class":67},[45,162820,64],{"class":63},[45,162822,84],{"class":59},[45,162824,76],{"class":63},[45,162826,35935],{"class":67},[45,162828,64],{"class":63},[45,162830,244],{"class":59},[45,162832,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162834,866],{"class":51},[45,162836,56],{"class":55},[45,162838,1427],{"class":59},[45,162840,13696],{"class":96},[45,162842,84],{"class":59},[45,162844,896],{"class":96},[45,162846,244],{"class":59},[45,162848,162849],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,162850,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162852,162853,162855,162857,162859,162861,162863,162865,162867],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,162854,9432],{"class":51},[45,162856,56],{"class":55},[45,162858,161582],{"class":152},[45,162860,156],{"class":59},[45,162862,5263],{"class":135},[45,162864,84],{"class":59},[45,162866,930],{"class":135},[45,162868,161],{"class":59},[45,162870,162871],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,162872,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,162874,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,162876,153],{"class":152},[45,162878,156],{"class":59},[45,162880,172],{"class":171},[45,162882,156],{"class":59},[45,162884,9479],{"class":135},[45,162886,179],{"class":59},[45,162888,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,162890,153],{"class":152},[45,162892,156],{"class":59},[45,162894,172],{"class":171},[45,162896,156],{"class":59},[45,162898,9479],{"class":135},[45,162900,179],{"class":59},[20,162902,182],{},[36,162904,162906],{"className":38,"code":162905,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162907,162908,162938],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162909,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162911,21917],{"class":59},[45,162913,198],{"class":63},[45,162915,79],{"class":67},[45,162917,198],{"class":63},[45,162919,84],{"class":59},[45,162921,882],{"class":96},[45,162923,9450],{"class":59},[45,162925,9453],{"class":59},[45,162927,198],{"class":63},[45,162929,35935],{"class":67},[45,162931,198],{"class":63},[45,162933,84],{"class":59},[45,162935,896],{"class":96},[45,162937,9466],{"class":59},[45,162939,162940],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,162941,38294],{"class":59},[20,162943,162944],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162946,162947,162948,132],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[277,162949,5359],{"href":5807},[31,162951,41044],{"id":41043},[20,162953,162954,162955,132],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162956,64326],{},[1398,162958,162960],{"id":162959},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[36,162962,162964],{"className":38,"code":162963,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162965,162966,162998,163018,163022,163046],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,162967,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984,162986,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,162969,5219],{"class":51},[45,162971,56],{"class":55},[45,162973,1427],{"class":59},[45,162975,64],{"class":63},[45,162977,79],{"class":67},[45,162979,64],{"class":63},[45,162981,84],{"class":59},[45,162983,76],{"class":63},[45,162985,35935],{"class":67},[45,162987,64],{"class":63},[45,162989,84],{"class":59},[45,162991,76],{"class":63},[45,162993,35944],{"class":67},[45,162995,64],{"class":63},[45,162997,244],{"class":59},[45,162999,163000,163002,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163001,866],{"class":51},[45,163003,56],{"class":55},[45,163005,1427],{"class":59},[45,163007,13696],{"class":96},[45,163009,84],{"class":59},[45,163011,896],{"class":96},[45,163013,84],{"class":59},[45,163015,910],{"class":96},[45,163017,244],{"class":59},[45,163019,163020],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163021,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163023,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163025,855],{"class":921},[45,163027,35986],{"class":51},[45,163029,84],{"class":59},[45,163031,5329],{"class":51},[45,163033,927],{"class":921},[45,163035,161582],{"class":152},[45,163037,156],{"class":59},[45,163039,5263],{"class":135},[45,163041,84],{"class":59},[45,163043,930],{"class":135},[45,163045,8559],{"class":59},[45,163047,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,163049,942],{"class":152},[45,163051,156],{"class":59},[45,163053,22469],{"class":1597},[45,163055,64],{"class":67},[45,163057,9495],{"class":96},[45,163059,68],{"class":135},[45,163061,22478],{"class":96},[45,163063,22481],{"class":67},[45,163065,9495],{"class":96},[45,163067,85527],{"class":135},[45,163069,22478],{"class":96},[45,163071,64],{"class":67},[45,163073,161],{"class":59},[1398,163075,163077],{"id":163076},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[36,163079,163081],{"className":38,"code":163080,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163082,163083,163115,163139,163143,163165],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163084,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163086,17425],{"class":51},[45,163088,56],{"class":55},[45,163090,1427],{"class":59},[45,163092,64],{"class":63},[45,163094,12851],{"class":67},[45,163096,64],{"class":63},[45,163098,84],{"class":59},[45,163100,76],{"class":63},[45,163102,68],{"class":67},[45,163104,64],{"class":63},[45,163106,84],{"class":59},[45,163108,76],{"class":63},[45,163110,16015],{"class":67},[45,163112,64],{"class":63},[45,163114,244],{"class":59},[45,163116,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163118,124],{"class":51},[45,163120,56],{"class":55},[45,163122,1427],{"class":59},[45,163124,46593],{"class":96},[45,163126,84],{"class":59},[45,163128,76],{"class":63},[45,163130,79],{"class":67},[45,163132,64],{"class":63},[45,163134,84],{"class":59},[45,163136,4142],{"class":4080},[45,163138,244],{"class":59},[45,163140,163141],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163142,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163144,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163146,1909],{"class":51},[45,163148,56],{"class":55},[45,163150,9388],{"class":171},[45,163152,156],{"class":59},[45,163154,64396],{"class":152},[45,163156,156],{"class":59},[45,163158,1260],{"class":135},[45,163160,84],{"class":59},[45,163162,4113],{"class":135},[45,163164,179],{"class":59},[45,163166,163167,163169,163171,163173],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,163168,153],{"class":152},[45,163170,156],{"class":59},[45,163172,1947],{"class":135},[45,163174,161],{"class":59},[1398,163176,163178],{"id":163177},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[36,163180,163182],{"className":38,"code":163181,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163183,163184,163204,163224,163228,163253],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163185,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163187,80665],{"class":51},[45,163189,56],{"class":55},[45,163191,1427],{"class":59},[45,163193,2560],{"class":96},[45,163195,84],{"class":59},[45,163197,97],{"class":96},[45,163199,84],{"class":59},[45,163201,8016],{"class":96},[45,163203,244],{"class":59},[45,163205,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163207,80686],{"class":51},[45,163209,56],{"class":55},[45,163211,1427],{"class":59},[45,163213,2560],{"class":96},[45,163215,84],{"class":59},[45,163217,403],{"class":96},[45,163219,84],{"class":59},[45,163221,8016],{"class":96},[45,163223,244],{"class":59},[45,163225,163226],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163227,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163229,163230,163232,163234,163236,163239,163241,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163231,855],{"class":921},[45,163233,56892],{"class":51},[45,163235,84],{"class":59},[45,163237,163238],{"class":51}," b ",[45,163240,927],{"class":921},[45,163242,161582],{"class":152},[45,163244,156],{"class":59},[45,163246,111757],{"class":135},[45,163248,84],{"class":59},[45,163250,80729],{"class":135},[45,163252,8559],{"class":59},[45,163254,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,163256,942],{"class":152},[45,163258,156],{"class":59},[45,163260,2784],{"class":135},[45,163262,4912],{"class":55},[45,163264,2789],{"class":135},[45,163266,161],{"class":59},[20,163268,182],{},[36,163270,163272],{"className":38,"code":163271,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163273,163274,163278,163282],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163275,163276],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163277,4205],{"class":4080},[45,163279,163280],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163281,4266],{"class":4080},[45,163283,163284],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163285,4205],{"class":4080},[1398,163287,163289],{"id":163288},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[36,163291,163293],{"className":38,"code":163292,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163294,163295,163330,163353,163357,163384],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163296,163297,163300,163302,163304,163306,163308,163310,163312,163314,163317,163319,163321,163323,163326,163328],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163298,163299],{"class":51},"products ",[45,163301,56],{"class":55},[45,163303,1427],{"class":59},[45,163305,64],{"class":63},[45,163307,25302],{"class":67},[45,163309,64],{"class":63},[45,163311,84],{"class":59},[45,163313,76],{"class":63},[45,163315,163316],{"class":67},"Pen",[45,163318,64],{"class":63},[45,163320,84],{"class":59},[45,163322,76],{"class":63},[45,163324,163325],{"class":67},"Bag",[45,163327,64],{"class":63},[45,163329,244],{"class":59},[45,163331,163332,163334,163336,163338,163341,163343,163346,163348,163351],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163333,83055],{"class":51},[45,163335,56],{"class":55},[45,163337,1427],{"class":59},[45,163339,163340],{"class":96},"12.5",[45,163342,84],{"class":59},[45,163344,163345],{"class":96}," 1.2",[45,163347,84],{"class":59},[45,163349,163350],{"class":96}," 25.0",[45,163352,244],{"class":59},[45,163354,163355],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163356,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163358,163359,163361,163363,163365,163368,163370,163372,163374,163377,163379,163382],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163360,855],{"class":921},[45,163362,25363],{"class":51},[45,163364,84],{"class":59},[45,163366,163367],{"class":51}," price ",[45,163369,927],{"class":921},[45,163371,161582],{"class":152},[45,163373,156],{"class":59},[45,163375,163376],{"class":135},"products",[45,163378,84],{"class":59},[45,163380,163381],{"class":135}," prices",[45,163383,8559],{"class":59},[45,163385,163386,163388,163390,163392,163394,163396,163398,163400,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,163387,942],{"class":152},[45,163389,156],{"class":59},[45,163391,22469],{"class":1597},[45,163393,64],{"class":67},[45,163395,9495],{"class":96},[45,163397,27165],{"class":135},[45,163399,22478],{"class":96},[45,163401,163402],{"class":67}," costs $",[45,163404,9495],{"class":96},[45,163406,25311],{"class":135},[45,163408,22478],{"class":96},[45,163410,64],{"class":67},[45,163412,161],{"class":59},[20,163414,36597,163415,132],{},[277,163416,163418],{"href":163417},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[31,163420,163422,163423],{"id":163421},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163424,64326],{},[1398,163426,8670,163428,163430],{"id":163427},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163429,64326],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163432,163433,163435],{},[15,163434,64326],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163437,163438],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[36,163440,163442],{"className":38,"code":163441,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163443,163444],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163445,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462,163464],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163447,153],{"class":152},[45,163449,156],{"class":59},[45,163451,11369],{"class":152},[45,163453,156],{"class":59},[45,163455,111757],{"class":135},[45,163457,9450],{"class":59},[45,163459,38383],{"class":152},[45,163461,156],{"class":59},[45,163463,80952],{"class":135},[45,163465,179],{"class":59},[1398,163467,163469],{"id":163468},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163471,68843],{},[36,163473,163475],{"className":38,"code":163474,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163476,163477,163513,163517,163530,163540,163544,163556],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163478,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163480,9432],{"class":51},[45,163482,56],{"class":55},[45,163484,161582],{"class":152},[45,163486,195],{"class":59},[45,163488,1430],{"class":96},[45,163490,84],{"class":59},[45,163492,1035],{"class":96},[45,163494,18243],{"class":59},[45,163496,1427],{"class":59},[45,163498,64],{"class":63},[45,163500,277],{"class":67},[45,163502,64],{"class":63},[45,163504,84],{"class":59},[45,163506,76],{"class":63},[45,163508,1930],{"class":67},[45,163510,64],{"class":63},[45,163512,218],{"class":59},[45,163514,163515],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163516,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163518,163519,163521,163523,163525,163528],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163520,855],{"class":921},[45,163522,6181],{"class":51},[45,163524,927],{"class":921},[45,163526,163527],{"class":51}," pairs",[45,163529,6614],{"class":59},[45,163531,163532,163534,163536,163538],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163533,942],{"class":152},[45,163535,156],{"class":59},[45,163537,23483],{"class":135},[45,163539,161],{"class":59},[45,163541,163542],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,163543,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163545,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554],{"class":47,"line":443},[45,163547,855],{"class":921},[45,163549,6181],{"class":51},[45,163551,927],{"class":921},[45,163553,163527],{"class":51},[45,163555,6614],{"class":59},[45,163557,163558,163560,163562,163564],{"class":47,"line":471},[45,163559,942],{"class":152},[45,163561,156],{"class":59},[45,163563,23483],{"class":135},[45,163565,161],{"class":59},[20,163567,163568],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1398,163570,163572],{"id":163571},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163574,163575],{},"This is correct:",[36,163577,163579],{"className":38,"code":163578,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163580,163581,163605,163621,163625,163649],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163582,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591,163593,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163584,5219],{"class":51},[45,163586,56],{"class":55},[45,163588,1427],{"class":59},[45,163590,64],{"class":63},[45,163592,79],{"class":67},[45,163594,64],{"class":63},[45,163596,84],{"class":59},[45,163598,76],{"class":63},[45,163600,35935],{"class":67},[45,163602,64],{"class":63},[45,163604,244],{"class":59},[45,163606,163607,163609,163611,163613,163615,163617,163619],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163608,866],{"class":51},[45,163610,56],{"class":55},[45,163612,1427],{"class":59},[45,163614,13696],{"class":96},[45,163616,84],{"class":59},[45,163618,896],{"class":96},[45,163620,244],{"class":59},[45,163622,163623],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163624,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163626,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635,163637,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163628,855],{"class":921},[45,163630,35986],{"class":51},[45,163632,84],{"class":59},[45,163634,5329],{"class":51},[45,163636,927],{"class":921},[45,163638,161582],{"class":152},[45,163640,156],{"class":59},[45,163642,5263],{"class":135},[45,163644,84],{"class":59},[45,163646,930],{"class":135},[45,163648,8559],{"class":59},[45,163650,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661],{"class":47,"line":164},[45,163652,942],{"class":152},[45,163654,156],{"class":59},[45,163656,68],{"class":135},[45,163658,84],{"class":59},[45,163660,130870],{"class":135},[45,163662,161],{"class":59},[20,163664,163665],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[36,163667,163669],{"className":38,"code":163668,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163670,163671,163691],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163672,163673,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163674,855],{"class":921},[45,163676,6181],{"class":51},[45,163678,927],{"class":921},[45,163680,161582],{"class":152},[45,163682,156],{"class":59},[45,163684,5263],{"class":135},[45,163686,84],{"class":59},[45,163688,930],{"class":135},[45,163690,8559],{"class":59},[45,163692,163693,163695,163697,163699],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163694,942],{"class":152},[45,163696,156],{"class":59},[45,163698,23483],{"class":135},[45,163700,161],{"class":59},[20,163702,182],{},[36,163704,163706],{"className":38,"code":163705,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163707,163708,163724],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163709,163710,163712,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163711,156],{"class":59},[45,163713,198],{"class":63},[45,163715,79],{"class":67},[45,163717,198],{"class":63},[45,163719,84],{"class":59},[45,163721,882],{"class":96},[45,163723,161],{"class":59},[45,163725,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163727,156],{"class":59},[45,163729,198],{"class":63},[45,163731,35935],{"class":67},[45,163733,198],{"class":63},[45,163735,84],{"class":59},[45,163737,896],{"class":96},[45,163739,161],{"class":59},[20,163741,163742],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1398,163744,1797,163746,163748,163749],{"id":163745},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163747,64326],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163750,35743],{},[20,163752,1006,163753,163755],{},[15,163754,64326],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163757,1006,163758,163760],{},[15,163759,35743],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[36,163762,163763],{"className":38,"code":35912,"language":40,"meta":41,"style":41},[15,163764,163765,163797,163801,163821],{"__ignoreMap":41},[45,163766,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783,163785,163787,163789,163791,163793,163795],{"class":47,"line":48},[45,163768,5219],{"class":51},[45,163770,56],{"class":55},[45,163772,1427],{"class":59},[45,163774,64],{"class":63},[45,163776,79],{"class":67},[45,163778,64],{"class":63},[45,163780,84],{"class":59},[45,163782,76],{"class":63},[45,163784,35935],{"class":67},[45,163786,64],{"class":63},[45,163788,84],{"class":59},[45,163790,76],{"class":63},[45,163792,35944],{"class":67},[45,163794,64],{"class":63},[45,163796,244],{"class":59},[45,163798,163799],{"class":47,"line":121},[45,163800,146],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":145},[45,163802,163803,163805,163807,163809,163811,163813,163815,163817,163819],{"class":47,"line":142},[45,163804,855],{"class":921},[45,163806,35815],{"class":51},[45,163808,84],{"class":59},[45,163810,35963],{"class":51},[45,163812,927],{"class":921},[45,163814,35825],{"class":152},[45,163816,156],{"class":59},[45,163818,5263],{"class":135},[45,163820,8559],{"class":59},[45,163822,163823,163825,163827,163829,163831,163833],{"class":47,"line":149},[45,163824,942],{"class":152},[45,163826,156],{"class":59},[45,163828,35840],{"class":135},[45,163830,84],{"class":59},[45,163832,35986],{"class":135},[45,163834,161],{"class":59},[20,163836,163837,163838,132],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[277,163839,3802,163840,3735],{"href":92030},[15,163841,35743],{},[31,163843,2045],{"id":2044},[1398,163845,2049,163847,2052],{"id":163846},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163848,64326],{},[20,163850,163851],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1398,163853,2062,163855,163857],{"id":163854},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163856,64326],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163859,163860],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1398,163862,163864,163865,2079],{"id":163863},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163866,64326],{},[20,163868,163869,163870,132],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163871,162477],{},[1398,163873,163875,163876,2079],{"id":163874},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163877,64326],{},[20,163879,128235,163880,163882],{},[15,163881,162630],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1398,163884,163886],{"id":163885},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163888,163889],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[31,163891,2114],{"id":2113},[258,163893,163894,163899,163905,163909,163913],{},[261,163895,163896],{},[277,163897,163898],{"href":163417},"How to use zip in Python",[261,163900,163901],{},[277,163902,3802,163903,3735],{"href":92030},[15,163904,35743],{},[261,163906,163907],{},[277,163908,5437],{"href":5807},[261,163910,163911],{},[277,163912,69696],{"href":69619},[261,163914,163915],{},[277,163916,32414],{"href":31240},[2154,163918,163919],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":41,"searchDepth":121,"depth":121,"links":163921},[163922,163923,163925,163926,163927,163928,163936,163942,163951,163962],{"id":33,"depth":121,"text":34},{"id":161641,"depth":121,"text":163924},"What zip() does",{"id":283,"depth":121,"text":284},{"id":162034,"depth":121,"text":162035},{"id":162211,"depth":121,"text":162212},{"id":162463,"depth":121,"text":163929,"children":163930},"Converting zip() output",[163931,163933,163935],{"id":162474,"depth":142,"text":163932},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162627,"depth":142,"text":163934},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162797,"depth":142,"text":162798},{"id":41043,"depth":121,"text":41044,"children":163937},[163938,163939,163940,163941],{"id":162959,"depth":142,"text":162960},{"id":163076,"depth":142,"text":163077},{"id":163177,"depth":142,"text":163178},{"id":163288,"depth":142,"text":163289},{"id":163421,"depth":121,"text":163943,"children":163944},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163945,163947,163948,163949],{"id":163427,"depth":142,"text":163946},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163468,"depth":142,"text":163469},{"id":163571,"depth":142,"text":163572},{"id":163745,"depth":142,"text":163950},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2044,"depth":121,"text":2045,"children":163952},[163953,163955,163957,163959,163961],{"id":163846,"depth":142,"text":163954},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163854,"depth":142,"text":163956},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163863,"depth":142,"text":163958},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163874,"depth":142,"text":163960},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163885,"depth":142,"text":163886},{"id":2113,"depth":121,"text":2114},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161483,"description":163963},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945052281]